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Chandler Hall "Chan" Poling (born October 3, 1957) is an American musician and composer.
Early life and education
Chandler Hall Poling was born in 1957 in Evanston, Illinois. He moved to Minnesota with his family in 1961. He studied composition at MacPhail Center for Music in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and, after graduating from The Blake School, went on to study composition and performance at the California Institute of the Arts from 1975 to 1977 under the tutelage of his mentor the composer Harold Budd.
Career
Music
Chan Poling has written and performed music in a variety of musical genres, including dance, theater, film, and rock. He founded, and continues to perform in the band The Suburbs. He has been influenced by jazz, music for the theater, punk and new wave pop music, film music, Harold Budd, musician, director and composer Meredith Monk, and composers such as Terry Riley and Philip Glass.
After returning to Minneapolis after attending CalArts, Poling consulted with his friend Chris Osgood of The Suicide Commandos and started the band The Suburbs with his friend Beej Chaney and new acquaintances Bruce Allen, Michael Halliday and Hugo Klaers. The Suburbs got their first recording contract with Twin/Tone Records and went on to record music for PolyGram Records, A&M Records, Universal Music, Restless Records. The Suburbs were voted among the "100 Most Influential Minnesota Musical Entities of the Twentieth Century" by The Minneapolis Star Tribune.
In the 1990s Poling made two solo albums: one a record of his score for Theatre de la Jeune Lune's Children Of Paradise, and the other a record of off-kilter pop songs; "Calling All Stars" for Manifesto Records. In 2005 he formed The New Standards with John Munson of Semisonic and Trip Shakespeare and released a CD, "The New Standards," which is composed of interpretations of a diverse collection of songwriters with Poling on grand piano, Munson on stand-up bass, and Steve Roehm on vibraphone.
Mr. Poling's contributions to musical theater include several scores and songs for the Theatre de la Jeune Lune. He has also contributed songs to the musical "Heaven", created with Joe Chvala and continues to develop new works with Mr. Hatcher.
In the spring of 2013 Poling initiated a Kickstarter campaign to fund a new Suburbs album. The campaign was fervently supported by The Suburbs fan base. On November 19, 2013, the band’s first album in 27 years, Si Sauvage, was released. It featured founding members Poling, Klaers, and Chaney, plus new bandmates Steve Brantseg and Steve Price, and guest vocalists like Janey Winterbauer and Aby Wolf.
Composition
Poling's music credits include works for television, film and theater. His theater pieces include award-winning work for the Tony Award-winning French/American troupe Theatre de la Jeune Lune. Kevin McCollum commissioned Poling to write music for a new work "Heaven" developed under the aegis of The Ordway Theater in St. Paul, Minnesota. as well as "A Night In Olympus" book by Jeffrey Hatcher and Bill Corbett, and "Lord Gordon Gordon" both also written with Hatcher.
In 2015, the musical Glensheen (about the 1977 murders of Elisabeth Congdon and her nurse at the eponymous mansion in Duluth, Minnesota), opened at the History Theatre in St Paul. "Glensheen" was winner of an Ivey Award for Overall Excellence and continues to play to sold-out houses. There are hopes for a tour or a transfer to Off Broadway.
His score for the Twin Cities Public Television documentary Iron Range: A People's History (1994) won an Emmy Award, the TPT-produced documentary on his musical "Glensheen" also garnered a regional Emmy. In 2008, he also composed the score to Fritz: The Walter Mondale Story, a documentary film about the life of his father-in-law Walter Mondale.
Writing
Poling has a book from the University of Minnesota Press called Jack & the Ghost illustrated by Lucy Michell.
Personal life
Poling had three children with ex-wife Terri Paul.
In 2005, he married Eleanor Mondale, daughter of former United States Vice President Walter Mondale. Until her death on September 17, 2011, they lived in Minnesota on a small farm where they raised miniature horses.
He resides now in Saint Paul, Minnesota with his partner Patty Radford-Henderson.
External links
Chan Poling's Website
References
American male composers
21st-century American composers
Musicians from Evanston, Illinois
1957 births
Living people
21st-century American male musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chan%20Poling |
Vladimir Trofimenko (; 22 March 1953 in Syzran — 1994) was a pole vaulter who represented the USSR. He won the 1978 European Championships in Athletics as well as two medals at the European Indoor Championships.
In 1978 he vaulted 5.61 m and break the Soviet national outdoor pole vault record.
He was married Yolanda Chen.
Achievements
References
1953 births
Soviet male pole vaulters
Russian male pole vaulters
European Athletics Championships medalists
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
People from Syzran
1994 deaths
Universiade bronze medalists for the Soviet Union
Medalists at the 1977 Summer Universiade
Sportspeople from Samara Oblast | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir%20Trofimenko |
La Motte-Picquet, LaMotte-Picquet, laMotte-Picquet, la Motte-Picquet, Lamotte-Picquet, or variation, may refer to:
Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte (1720-1791, aka la Motte-Piquet), 18th-century admiral
French ship La Motte-Picquet, a list of ships of the French Navy named after the admiral
French frigate La Motte-Picquet (D 645), a French Navy F70 type anti-submarine frigate
French cruiser La Motte-Picquet, a French Navy Duguay-Trouin-class light cruiser launched in 1924
La Motte-Picquet-class cruiser, a cancelled pre-WW1 French Navy cruiser class
La Motte-Picquet – Grenelle, a subway station of the Paris Métro
Avenue de la Motte-Picquet, the street that the subway station is named after
See also
Picquet (disambiguation)
Lamotte (disambiguation)
Motte (disambiguation)
Piquette (disambiguation)
Piquet (disambiguation)
Picket (disambiguation)
Pickett (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Motte-Picquet |
Lorenzo Dechalus (born September 17, 1968), known professionally as Lord Jamar is an American rapper, DJ, record producer, actor and podcaster. He is a founding member of the hip hop group Brand Nubian, which was formed in 1989. In 1996, he discovered Dead Prez and got them signed to Loud Records.
Early life
Jamar was born in The Bronx, New York City, but was raised in New Rochelle, New York. Jamar has Afro-Guyanese heritage on his father's side, and he is the eldest of three brothers. He was introduced to hip hop music in the 1970s through a friend who lived in his neighborhood, and he would listen to tapes of The Cold Crush Brothers, Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five and The Sugarhill Gang. DJ Daryll C of Crash Crew used to take Jamar to hip hop shows in New York City. Jamar sold crack cocaine during his teen years, but stopped after people he knew received sealed indictments. He dropped out of high school after failing ninth grade, and worked a few short-term jobs prior to signing a record deal.
Career
Brand Nubian's debut studio album, One for All, was released in 1990 and is regarded as one of the greatest hip hop albums released during that time.
Brand Nubian's third studio album, Everything is Everything was released in 1994. In 1996, he discovered Dead Prez and got them signed to Loud Records. As an actor, Jamar is best known for his role of Supreme Allah on the TV series Oz. He has appeared on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, Third Watch, and The Sopranos. He has also worked as a producer for artists such as Dead Prez, Buckshot, Shaka Amazulu the 7th and Tom Browne.
He released his debut solo album The 5% Album (an album dedicated to the Nation of Gods and Earths) on June 27, 2006. Like his onscreen character on Oz, Jamar is a member of the Nation of Gods and Earths.
Jamar currently co-hosts a podcast, Yanadameen Godcast, with fellow rapper Rah Digga. He has criticized Black Lives Matter, saying, "It's not our movement," and that, in regard to the George Floyd protests, "most people looting are white; some riots are staged by paid agitators."
Controversy
Jamar garnered controversy after releasing a diss track directed at Kanye West on February 4, 2013, titled "Lift Up Your Skirt," and stated that "gay has no place in hip-hop", which led to him being characterized by some in the media as homophobic. Jamar denied the homophobia accusations by tweeting that he "went to a gay wedding of a good friend not long ago".
In a September 2013 interview on VladTV, Jamar declared that white rappers were "guests in hip hop". Eminem responded to Jamar with the track "Fall" from his 2018 album Kamikaze. Jamar responded to Eminem on his podcast.
In July 2020, Jamar denounced the Black Lives Matter movement in a video posted to his Twitter account by the music account SCUM, saying, "Black Lives Matter is a movement that was given to us by George Soros and his fucking boys because they saw how things were going and they didn't want it to go back to the 60s."
In December 2020, Jamar denied the death of six million Jews in the Holocaust, stating that at most 500,000 died, and claiming that six million Jews were not even present in Europe at the time.
Discography
Studio albums
The 5% Album (2006)
Guest appearances
Filmography
Film
Television
Documentary
References
External links
1968 births
African-American male actors
African-American male rappers
American male rappers
African-American record producers
American hip hop record producers
American Holocaust deniers
American people of Guyanese descent
Critics of Black Lives Matter
Place of birth missing (living people)
American male television actors
Living people
Five percenters
Musicians from New Rochelle, New York
Rappers from New York (state)
Indie rappers
21st-century American rappers
Record producers from New York (state)
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century African-American musicians
20th-century African-American people
American people of Jamaican descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord%20Jamar |
Monster is a box set anthologizing David Thomas's solo career from the years 1981–1987, during which time his main vehicle, Pere Ubu, was inactive. 'Variations On A Theme' has been remixed and rearranged from its original forms. On its release in 1997, the box included a contemporary live disc entitled "Meadville" by Thomas' current group the Two Pale Boys; as of the current 2002 reissue, that disc has been excised, anticipating a future standalone release.
Track listing
CD1 - The Sound of the Sand
"The Birds Are a Good Idea" – 1:58
"Yiki Tiki" – 2:16
"Crickets in the Flats" – 4:58
"Sound of the Sand" – 3:27
"The New Atom Mine" – 5:14
"Big Dreams" – 2:21
"Happy to See You" – 3:32
"Crush This Horn, Part 2" – 1:49
"Confuse Did" – 2:32
"Sloop John B" – 5:09
"Man's Best Friend" – 4:28
CD2 - Variations on a Theme
"A Day at the Botanical Gardens" (1983 mix) – 3:44 (extra track on the 2002 reissue)
"Bird Town" – 2:44
"Pedestrian Walk" (1983 mix) – 4:17 (extra track on the 2002 reissue)
"The Egg & I" – 2:55
"Who Is It?" – 3:40
"Song of the Hoe" – 6:03
"Hurry Back" – 4:20
"The Rain" (1983 mix) – 3:48 (extra track on the 2002 reissue)
"Semaphore" – 5:11
"A Day at the Botanical Gardens" – 3:21
"Pedestrian Walk" – 4:31
"Hurry Back" (1983 mix) – 3:57 (extra track on the 2002 reissue)
"The Rain" – 5:18
CD3 - More Places Forever
"Through The Magnifying Glass" – 2:58
"Enthusiastic" – 4:46
"Whale Head King" – 5:50
"Song of the Bailing Man" – 4:42
"Big Breezy Day" – 3:23
"The Farmer's Wife" – 4:32
"New Broom" – 4:21
"About True Friends" – 4:35
Monster Walks the Winter Lake
"My Theory of Spontaneous Simultude / Red Tin Bus" – 3:06
"What Happened to Me" – 2:45
"Monster Walks The Winter Lake" – 11:13
"Bicycle" – 4:17
"Coffee Train" – 2:24
"My Town" – 3:19
"Monster Magee, King of the Seas" – 2:14
"Monster Thinks About The Good Days" – 3:37
"What Happened to Me" – 2:41
CD4 - Blame the Messenger
"My Town" – 3:07
"A Fact About Trains" – 4:24
"King Knut" – 5:27
"When Love Is Uneven" – 3:27
"The Storm Breaks" – 3:34
"The Long Rain" – 4:11
"Havin' Time" – 4:53
"Friends of Stone" – 3:18
"The Velikovsky 2-Step" – 6:50
References
David Thomas (musician) compilation albums
1997 compilation albums
Rough Trade Records compilation albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monster%20%28David%20Thomas%20album%29 |
The is a railway line in northeastern Shikoku, Japan that connects the prefectural capitals Takamatsu (Kagawa) and Tokushima (Tokushima). Shikoku Railway Company (JR Shikoku) owns and operates the line, whose name comes from the characters in the cities that the line connects: and .
Sanuki, the name of the ancient province that preceded the modern Kagawa Prefecture, appears in the names of four stations on the line.
Services
The Uzushio limited express serves the entire line. Two round-trips per day run through to/from .
In addition to local trains that run the entire length of the Kōtoku Line, there are trains that run between Takamatsu and Orange Town, Sambommatsu, and Hiketa, as well as between Tokushima and Itano and Tokushima and Hiketa. For a single-tracked line service levels are quite high, except along the prefectural border between Itano and Hiketa. In Tokushima there are through trains to/from the Naruto and Mugi lines, with one train per day running from Takamatsu to via .
Since the completion of electrification work between Takamatsu and Iyoshi on the Yosan Line, the Kōtoku Line has received some of the newest DMUs on the JR Shikoku network. Local services often use 1000 series, 1200 series and 1500 series DMUs, while limited express services are handled by N2000 series DMUs.
Station list
Local trains stop at all stations. For details of the Uzushio limited express service see that article.
Trains can pass one another at stations marked "◇" and "^" and cannot pass at those marked "｜".
History
The first part of what is now the Kotoku Line was built by the Tokushima Railway, being the Sako to Tokushima section of its line from Kamojima (now the Tokushima Line) opened on February 16, 1899. That company was nationalised in 1907. In 1916 the Awa Electric Railway opened a line from Nakahara to Naruto, including the Yoshinari to Ikenotani section, which is now part of the Kotoku Line. The Takamatsu to Hikida section was opened between 1925 and 1928 by the (then) Japanese Imperial Railways.
In 1933 the Awa Electric Railway was nationalised, and in 1935 the Hikida to Ikenotani and Yoshinari to Sako sections were opened, completing the line.
In 1977 CTC signalling became operational for the line, and freight operations ceased in 1986.
With the privatization of JNR, the line became part of the Shikoku Railway Company (JR Shikoku) on April 1, 1987. On June 1, 1988, the line name changed from Kōtoku Main Line to Kōtoku Line.
The elevated Sako Station was commissioned in 1993, and in 1998 track improvement allowing faster speeds was completed, and Orange Town Station opened.
Former connecting lines
Itano Station: The Awa Electric Railway opened a 7 km line to Kajiyabara in 1923, it being taken over by the Japanese Imperial Railways when the company was nationalised in 1933. The line closed in 1972.
See also
List of railway lines in Japan
References
This article incorporates material from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia.
External links
JR Shikoku official website
Lines of Shikoku Railway Company
Rail transport in Kagawa Prefecture
Rail transport in Tokushima Prefecture
Railway lines opened in 1899
1067 mm gauge railways in Japan
1899 establishments in Japan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dtoku%20Line |
The Icelandic men's national handball team represents Iceland in international men's handball. It is controlled by the Icelandic Handball Association.
Honours
Competitive record
Champions Runners-up Third place Fourth place
Olympic Games
World Championship
European Championship
Team
Current squad
Squad for the 2023 World Men's Handball Championship.
Head coach: Guðmundur Guðmundsson
Past squads
2008 Olympic Games (2nd place)
All Star Team: Guðjón Valur Sigurðsson (left wing), Snorri Guðjónsson (centre back), Ólafur Stefánsson (right back)
Björgvin Páll Gústavsson, Logi Geirsson, Bjarni Fritzson, Sigfús Sigurðsson, Ásgeir Örn Hallgrímsson, Arnór Atlason, Guðjón Valur Sigurðsson, Snorri Guðjónsson, Ólafur Stefánsson, Sturla Ásgeirsson, Alexander Petersson, Hreiðar Guðmundsson, Sverre Andreas Jakobsson, Róbert Gunnarsson, Ingimundur Ingimundarson.
Coach: Guðmundur Guðmundsson
2010 European Championship (3rd place)
All Star Team: Ólafur Stefánsson (right back)
Björgvin Páll Gústavsson, Hreiðar Guðmundsson, Vignir Svavarsson, Logi Geirsson, Ásgeir Örn Hallgrímsson, Arnór Atlason, Guðjón Valur Sigurðsson, Snorri Guðjónsson, Ólafur Stefánsson, Alexander Petersson, Sverre Andreas Jakobsson, Róbert Gunnarsson, Ingimundur Ingimundarson, Sturla Ásgeirsson, Þórir Ólafsson, Aron Pálmarsson, Ólafur Guðmundsson, Rúnar Kárason.
Coach: Guðmundur Guðmundsson
List of coaches
List of captains
Individual all-time records
Most matches played
Last updated: 6 March 2023Source: Icelandic Handball Association (hsi.is) Total number of matches played in official competitions only.
Most goals scored
Last updated: 26 January 2021Source: Icelandic Handball Association (hsi.is) Total number of goals scored in official matches only.
Record against Nordic countries
All games, including European Championships, World Championships and Olympic Games.
Last updated: 2 January 2016Source: Icelandic Handball Association (hsi.is)
Kit suppliers
Since 2006, Iceland's kits have been supplied by Kempa.
Following their silver medal at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the penises of the team were cast in a silvery material and are on display at the Icelandic Phallological Museum.
References
External links
IHF profile
Handball
Men's national handball teams | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland%20men%27s%20national%20handball%20team |
The Family II is a straight-4 piston engine that was originally developed by Opel in the 1970s, debuting in 1981. Available in a wide range of cubic capacities ranging from 1598 to 2405 cc, it simultaneously replaced the Opel CIH and Vauxhall Slant-4 engines, and was GM Europe's core mid-sized powerplant design for much of the 1980s, and provided the basis for the later Ecotec series of engines in the 1990s.
The Family II shares its basic design and architecture with the smaller Family I engine (which covered capacities from 1.0 to 1.6 litres) - and for this reason the Family I and Family II engines are also known informally as the "small block" and "big block", respectively - although the 1.6 L capacity was available in either type depending on its fuelling system.
The engine also spawned two diesel variants, the 1.6 L and 1.7 L.
The engine features a cast iron block, an aluminium head, and a timing belt driven valvetrain. The timing belt also drives the water pump. It was first used in the Opel Kadett D, Ascona C, and their corresponding Vauxhall sister models, the Astra and Cavalier II. Many General Motors subsidiaries, including Daewoo, GM do Brasil, GM Powertrain, and Holden have used this design.
Family II engines for the European and Australasian markets were manufactured by Holden at its Fisherman's Bend plant in Melbourne until 2009, whilst the Americas were supplied from the São José dos Campos plant in the São Paulo region of Brazil.
By 1986, the Family II unit had almost completely replaced the CIH engine as Opel/Vauxhall's core 4-cylinder engine - the CIH continuing only in 2.4L 4-cylinder format, and in all 6-cylinder applications in the Omega and Senator models until 1994.
The development track of these engines split in 1987, with the introduction of the 20XE; which featured a 16-valve DOHC head, with Holden production of the SOHC versions ending in 2009. Although SOHC versions stayed in production in Brazil, most DOHC engines were replaced by the all-aluminium GM Ecotec engine family.
In 2004, a 2.0 L MultiPower engine was made available for the taxi market which could use gasoline, alcohol, and natural gas.
SOHC
These engines formed the basis of the modern Family II lineup, starting with the 16SH (1600S) version in the Opel Kadett D/Ascona C (Vauxhall Astra Mk1/Cavalier Mk2) in 1981. Configuration was limited to a single over head cam, and two valves per cylinder in a cross flow layout (8 valves total). Superficially these engines look similar to the "small block" Family I engine; the key difference to aid identification is the position of the oil filter - on the Family I it is on the front face of the cylinder block, pointing towards front of the car, on the Family II it is adjacent to the crankshaft pulley pointing downwards. The Family II also has a more sophisticated crankcase breathing circuit, with an additional pipe that runs from the crankcase to the camshaft box, with a further pipe running from a small plenum chamber on the rocker cover.
The 1.8-liter versions appeared first in carburetted form (18N) in 1982 and later also in injected (18LE) and further forms. The 2-liter 20NE was introduced in 1986 for the Opel Omega A (Vauxhall Carlton Mk2) and Ascona C3 (Vauxhall Cavalier Mk2c) and served as the base from which the updated 20SEH, and ultimately the 20XE/C20XE "Red Top". The final versions of this engine, labelled Ecotec, evolved from this engine as well.
Early Family II engines had a reputation for rapid camshaft and follower wear (a trait shared with the smaller Family I engine), the problem afflicted Kadett D/Astra I and Ascona C/Cavalier II vehicles fitted with the engine. Improved metallurgy of both the cam lobes and followers, combined with a change to the lubrication specification eventually solved the issue.
Another known issue on the Family II was for the water pump to become jammed into its mounting due to corrosion if the engine was run with no antifreeze; the pump is mounted into an eccentric shaped aperture so it can also function as the timing belt tensioner. If the pump cannot turn then the belt cannot be tensioned. Later versions of the engine were equipped with a separate jockey pulley to combat the issue.
1.6
The 1.6-liter iteration () has an bore and a stroke. Opel began production of the 1.6-liter engine in 1980. A diesel fueled version also became available. The diesel produced at 4600 rpm and of torque at 2400 rpm. It also had a 23:1 compression ratio and a Bosch injection pump. The diesel featured valves that rotate, increasing durability.
1.7
The 1.7-liter iteration () has an bore and a stroke. The 1.7 L version uses diesel fuel. It was developed by Isuzu.
1.8
The 1.8-liter iteration () has an bore and a stroke. It was first available in the facelifted Opel Manta B in May 1982, and quickly made its way into a number of other Opel and GM cars. It was originally available as the 18N and the 18S, for low and high octane petrol respectively. The C18NV was first installed in the Opel Rekord E2 from May 1985 and was one of the first catalysed mass market automobiles sold in Germany (and Europe). The Family II engines in a longitudinal installation (for rear-wheel drive) have one major design difference from their transverse mounted counterparts - the distributor is driven by a small drivebelt from the camshaft timing sprocket rather than directly off the transmission end of the camshaft, which on the Manta B and Rekord E2 (both older vehicles that had orginnally been designed around the CIH engine) would have meant the distributor fouling the firewall or being impossible to service.
In 1983, the 1.8 L engine was added to certain North American market J-cars; the engines were imported from Brazil. The LA5 (RPO code) is a turbocharged version that was optional in the North American market from 1984.
2.0
The single overhead camshaft inline four cylinder engines feature a square bore and stroke. They also feature fuel injection, an aluminum crossflow cylinder head with a belt-driven overhead camshaft, electronic ignition, a six-bolt flywheel, and a 6,400 rpm redline. Originally, developed by Opel, these engines have been used in Brazilian market vehicles, Korean market vehicles and North American market vehicles; with the first versions appearing in 1981., although did not start appearing in European Opel/Vauxhall models until 1986 - firstly in the Omega A and then in the facelift Ascona C3 for the 1987 model year.
The North American versions were used primarily in the J-body compact cars from 1983 through 1994 although the turbocharged version did make a brief appearance in the N-body Pontiac Grand Am. The SOHC version also appeared in the Opel Kadett E-based, Daewoo produced, Pontiac LeMans for the US market. In the Brazilian market these engines are still built under the FlexPower name. Differences between the engines are usually emissions related. However, the 20SEH version was more powerful version produced for Opel's sportier models such as the Ascona GT and Kadett GSi, (their corresponding Vauxhall sisters being the Cavalier SRi 130 and the Astra GTE); it featured a more aggressive camshaft, and high compression pistons.
The LT3 (RPO code) or C20GET is a turbocharged version produced in Brazil for the North American market. It featured brilliant red powder coating on the camshaft cover, intake manifold and boost pipe. The engine was equipped with a water-cooled Garrett T-25 turbocharger; however it did not utilize an intercooler. Maximum boost at WOT was .
2.2
The 2.2 L or version has an 86mm (3.38 in) bore and a 94.6mm (3.7 in) stroke. It is codenamed C22NE and 22LE.
It was mainly used in the Brazilian market, in the Opel Omega A (Chevrolet Omega in Brazil) with 116 hp and the Opel Vectra B (Chevrolet Vectra in Brazil) with 123 hp. This engine replaced the 2.0 8v C20NE (116 hp) version that was considered weak when fitted to cars like Omega and Vectra, by the Brazilian market, however 2.2L Omega A's for the European market continued to use the older CIH engine, rather than the Family II.
Applications:
Isuzu Faster
FS Lublin, modified C22NED engine
2.4
The version has an bore and a stroke.
C24SE – 2.4 L SOHC – Isuzu Rodeo (C24SE built by Holden)
X24XF— 2.4 L MPFI SOHC 8V FlexPower
DOHC
The first naturally aspirated DOHC 16-valve version of the 2.0 L— —cast-iron-block engine was introduced in 1988 - derived from the SOHC 2.0L (20SEH) engines (appearing first in the Opel Kadett E GSi/Vauxhall Astra Mk2 GTE, and later the Opel Vectra A/Vauxhall Cavalier Mk3 GSi 2000) - coming in either non-catalysed (20XE) or catalysed (C20XE) versions. The engine is commonly nicknamed the Red Top (or just "XE") because of the appearance of the red L-shaped spark plug cover (black colours were available too; the rocker cover was available in silver only).
1994 saw the introduction of the Ecotec series - which again consisted of a DOHC 16-valve cylinder head (this time co-developed with Lotus) mounted atop a development of the Family II block. The 2-liter versions therefore became the X20XEV, now producing and taking on the GM Ecotec name. In its final, 1999 iteration, it became the X20XER. unlike the original 20XE/C20XE these were intended more for mainstream application (as opposed to racing and high-performance applications) in response to tightening emissions standards, and to reflect the overall family car market moving towards multivalve technology as was being increasingly found in competing vehicles.
Again, these engines have no commonality with the later GM Ecotec engine introduced in 1999, and first used in the Opel Vectra B, which are to a completely different design to the Family II.
Coscast
This lineup features the same block as the SOHC engines with an bore and stroke and a Cosworth-developed timing belt-driven double overhead camshaft (DOHC) 16 valve cylinder head (Cosworth Project KB). The cylinder heads were cast and assembled by either Cosworth or, as demand increased, Kolbenschmidt. In general, the heads from this lineup are supposed to flow appreciablу better than their Lotus successors.
The 20XE came into production in 1987. The engine was designed by Cosworth, UK. The engine was originally intended for race application, hence Cosworth's involvement. At the time of its launch, this engine was something of a milestone unit in Europe and was widely used in motorsport in many specialist race versions.
The engine had a low optimum specific fuel consumption of 232 g/kWh which is equivalent to a maximum efficiency of 37%; a better efficiency than some of the diesel engines that were available at the time of its release. The valves are set at 46° and are accompanied by pistons with shallow valve pockets – thereby eliminating the need for a shorter connecting rod hence, allowing a suitable compression ratio to be achieved. Long spark plugs are used and positioned concentric to the cylinder. Power output was rated at 157 bhp. The later engine were suffixed C20XELN to indicate "Low Noise" revisions (smaller cylinder head port, cast pistons, and different crank bearing size) in line with EU regulations
In 1988 the C20XE was introduced, and was fitted with a catalyst and oxygen sensor in the exhaust. This was due to new emission standards, which forced manufacturers to equip their cars with a catalytic converter and a lambda or oxygen sensor – this requirement permitted the fitment of the Bosch Motronic 2.5 engine management system. Engine power output dropped to 150 bhp. Vauxhall complied with the new emission controls in 1988, although the legislation wasn't law until 1991. Vehicles fitted with the C20XE engine produced before 1991 can have their catalytic converter legally removed, and the vehicle will still comply with MOT regulations.
The C20LET engine was introduced in 1992, and was fitted to the Opel/Vauxhall Vectra Turbo/Cavalier Turbo, Calibra Turbo, and the South African made Opel Astra 200t S. It is similar to the C20XE, apart from the primary addition of a KKK-16 turbocharger, forged Mahle pistons, Bosch Motronic M2.7 electronic engine control unit, and black plastic plenum/'top hat' shroud with a "turbo" script. It produces a DIN rated output of , and generates of torque. Boost pressure is continuous with a overboost.
Some versions of the engine implemented switchable Traction Control (commonly included in the early Astra GSi models). The inlet had a secondary throttle valve sandwiched underneath the primary throttle body. This is closed by a motor/arm assembly when the traction control ECU senses loss of grip/spin at the wheels. The engine was also equipped with a different throttle position sensor (six pin, as opposed to three), and a different coolant temperature sensor (which was black, as opposed to the normal light blue colour).
The engines that appeared in the early 1990s also swapped the cast metal spark plug cover for a cheaper (and less regarded) plastic version. Those used round tooth cambelts while the later used square (with a plastic pre-tensioner). There are also subtle differences between the crankshaft, and visible difference in the pattern of the SFi airbox.
In its last version before production ended, the C20XE came with a new engine management system which included a distributorless ignition system, namely Bosch Motronic 2.8. The last version was called C20LN (Low Noise) and has a stronger engine block.
Porosity issues
In 1991, the Coscast cylinder head was replaced with the GM cylinder head which was manufactured by Kolben-Schmidt. One of the most prominently recognized qualities of the Coscast head is its inherent lack of porosity; this was achieved by pumping the liquid metal into the mold rather than pouring it, hence, minimizing the presence of tiny air bubbles that usually form during the standard casting process. The Coscast head can be identified by a Coscast logo which is stamped under the 3rd exhaust port and a ridge on the head under the distributor.
The GM head was a poured casting, and featured a slightly different oil/water gallery design. These design changes required that a pair of Welch plugs be pressed in at either end of the head. In situations where a complete C20XE is still fitted to a vehicle, the presence of Welch plugs (or lack of) has proven to be the sole means of differentiating between GM and Coscast heads. A reinforced version of the GM head became available in the later years of the C20XE; however, these reinforcements meant that it had smaller inlet/exhaust channels than the other two.
Since an engine's oil circulates at much higher pressures than its coolant, oil in a porous head has a tendency to gradually seep into the coolant galleries. A typical symptom of a porous head is usually a 'mayonnaise'-like substance forming somewhere inside the cooling system (usually, this can be found residing on the coolant reservoir cap). However, depending on the degree of porosity, symptoms of a porous head have a tendency to vary. Many C20XE operators have described the symptom as a curry-like residue or in more severe cases, a thick brown sludge which may overcome the entire cooling system. In such instances, engine oil will readily react with the sulfur in rubber components, hence quickly degrading coolant pipes and hoses to the point of failure. During the porous head debacle, GM faced bankruptcy – therefore dealers failed to recall affected models. Due in part, to the engine's immense prominence and demand, many businesses now specialize in the repair of porous GM C20XE/LET heads – by either sleeving the affected gallery or by injecting a polymer based substance into the porous region. Reportedly, a small number of total GM C20XE cylinder heads ever exhibited significant symptoms of porosity.
Motorsport
The C20XE has seen extensive use in motorsport. Typical uses for the engine have ranged from hillclimb events, to open wheel racing categories. Despite its age, it remains the powerplant of choice for many Formula 3 teams and has most recently found acclaim in the Australian F3 scene where Tim Macrow, the 2007 Australian F3 champion, drove an Opel-Spiess powered car to claim victory. Tuned by Spiess, an F3 grade C20XE is easily capable of producing in its naturally aspirated form. Many aftermarket tuners have further developed the C20XE for racing purposes. The C20XE was used by the Chevrolet WTCC (World Touring Car Championship) team and the Lada WTCC team. The engine was also an option in Westfield kitcars. The engine is a favourite for both N/A and turbo motoring enthusiasts for its robust design, materials and construction
Ecotec branded models (in association with Lotus)
1.8
The X18XE was branded as Ecotec. All these engines feature an bore and an stroke.
2.0
The X20XEV is the first Family II engine branded as Ecotec, a mass-market successor to the C20XE with a Lotus-developed cylinder head. The new cylinder head had a smaller valve angle compared to the older C20XE, to give more torque in the lower revs. It is a naturally aspirated engine with 16 valves and belt driven double overhead camshafts (DOHC). bore and stroke in cast-iron OHC-derived cylinder block and aluminium cylinder head. The X20XEV was equipped with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to reduce nitrogen dioxide emissions and air injection reactor (AIR) to speed up the warming up of the catalytic converter and to reduce unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The engine is capable of producing . A higher output version called the X20XER produced at 6500 rpm and at 4300 rpm.
The Z20LET is a turbocharged version of the X20XEV for the Opel Astra G and features an 8.8:1 compression, and of torque. From 2005, the Z20LET engine was revised for the Astra H and Zafira B, to three different model designations, Z20LEL, Z20LER and Z20LEH. The differing designations denote the engine power output, , and . Further revisions to the original design include under-piston oil cooling, a revised turbocharger unit and the deletion of the contra-rotating balancer shafts in the Z20LEH engine (as used in the Astra VXR), to reduce mechanical losses. The Z20LEH also features high quality Mahle forged pistons, which are much stronger than the cast pistons fitted to the Z20LET, Z20LEL and Z20LER.
The 2.0-litre X20SED D-TEC 16 Valve DOHC MPFi was built by Holden and used in the Daewoo Nubira.
The L34 also known as the U20SED is a 2.0 L () engine that was built until 2009 by Holden in Australia, dubbed D-TEC by GMDAT (the new Daewoo after the buyout from GM) or E-TEC II by Chevrolet (GM). It has an bore and stroke. Power is rated at in South America and Europe, in Canada, and in the United States; all are at 5400 rpm and torque is rated at . The engine has been used on the Daewoo Lacetti and its various rebadged models, such as the Chevrolet Optra, Suzuki Reno, and Suzuki Forenza.
This engine was discontinued in 2010 and new generation open deck engines replaced starts with a prefix of the letter A e.g. A20NHT A20NHH A20NFT....
2.2
The 2.2 L engine was a derivative of the GM Family II engine introduced in 1995 built by Holden in Australia that saw usage first in Australian and European versions of Isuzu-derived trucks and SUVs, and was later used in the Isuzu Rodeo and Daewoo Leganza. The X22XE was also used in the Opel/Vauxhall Sintra (1996–1999). The 2.2-liter shares many details together all listed below:
Bore: 86.0 mm
Stroke: 94.6 mm
Volume: 2198 cc
X22XE
Power: at 5,200 rpm, at 5400 rpm (Sintra)
Torque: at 2,600 rpm
Compression ratio: 10.5:1
Engine management: Bosch Motronic M 1.5.4
Octane requirement: 91/95/98, with knock control
Control: timing belt
Exhaust system: AGR, regulated catalytic
Properties: balance shafts
Y22XE (used on Omega, 1999–2003)
Power: at 5,400 rpm
Torque: at 4,000 rpm
Compression ratio: 10.5:1
Engine management: Siemens Simtec 71
Octane requirement: 91/95/98, with knock control
Control: timing belt
Exhaust system: AGR, regulated catalytic
Properties: balance shafts, electronic throttle, cruise control
Z22XE (used on Omega, 1999–2003)
Specifications as Y22XE, but meets Euro IV emissions regulations.
Further applications:
Isuzu Faster
Isuzu MU/Isuzu Amigo (1995–2004)
Opel/Vauxhall Frontera (1998–2004)
Honda Passport (1998–2002)
Opel Omega
Opel Blazer (Indonesian market)
2.4
X24SFD—2.4 L (2405 cc) SFI DOHC 16V - Chevrolet Astra, Chevrolet Vectra
150 hp at 5200 rpm
228 Nm at 4000 rpm
Z24XE—2.4 L (2405 cc) DOHC – Chevrolet Captiva, Opel Antara (2006–2010), this engine was built by Holden until 2009. The 2006 Chevrolet Vectra also received a 2.4 L 16V FlexPower engine.
at 5200 rpm
at 2200 rpm
See also
Family 1 engine
List of GM engines
References
Opel engines
Gasoline engines by model
Straight-four engines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GM%20Family%20II%20engine |
The Bélmez Faces or the Faces of Bélmez is an alleged paranormal
phenomenon in a private house in Spain. The phenomenon started in 1971 when residents claimed images of faces appeared in the concrete floor of the house.
Located at the Pereira family home at Calle Real 5, Bélmez de la Moraleda, Jaén, Andalusia, Spain, the Bélmez faces have been responsible for bringing large numbers of sightseers to Bélmez.
Various faces have supposedly appeared and disappeared at irregular intervals since 1971 and have been frequently photographed by the local newspapers and curious visitors. Many Bélmez residents believe that the faces were not made by human hand. Some paranormal investigators believe that it is a thoughtographic phenomenon, subconsciously produced by the deceased former owner of the house, María Gómez Cámara.
Skeptical researchers have performed extensive tests on the faces and believe that they are fabrications possibly created as part of a hoax. It is suspected that the Pereira family may have perpetrated the hoax for financial gain.
History
Reports of appearances in Bélmez began on 23 August 1971, when María Gómez Cámara claimed that a human face formed spontaneously on her concrete kitchen floor. María's husband, Juan Pereira and their son, Miguel, destroyed the image with a pickaxe and new concrete was laid down. However, the Pereira story goes, a new face formed on the floor. The mayor of Bélmez was informed and forbade the destruction of the new face. Instead, the floor concrete was cut out and taken for study.
María's home was advertised to the tourists as La Casa de las Caras (The House of the Faces). By Easter of 1972 hundreds of people were flocking to the house to see the faces. For the next 30 years the Pereira family claimed that faces continued to appear, both male and female and of different shapes, sizes and expressions.
The investigations
There have been several investigations into the Bélmez case:
The forgery hypothesis
In an article published in the July 1993 issue of the Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, Luis Ruiz-Noguez noted that the presence of three cations used as pigments in the manufacture of paint must be mentioned: zinc, lead and chromium. Two of these, lead and chromium, lay the foundation for suspecting the use of paint in making the Bélmez faces. Ruiz-Noguez postulated that lead was used for several reasons:
Lead was, for many years, the most commonly used pigment in making the primary colors.
The percentage of chromium in the analysis is too low to be a viable option.
Lead tends to cause dark, difficult-to-see colorations; something that does not happen in chromium.
The most common and cheapest primary colors are enamels that contain lead; these enamels are widely used in the home, since they are easy to apply.
The ICV analysis does not demonstrate the non-existence of paint. On the other hand, Ruiz-Noguez also points to several objections to the hypothesis of utilization of paint on the ICV samples: alkydalic-type enamels do not withstand abrasion; paint leaves a film that is easily differentiated from the substratum; and the alkydalics' chemical tolerance to acids, alkalis and detergents is low.
Manuel Martín Serrano, a sociologist at the Complutense University of Madrid, wrote a laborious study, Sociología del Milagro (Sociology of the miracle): the first book that a skeptic has written about this case exclusively. Throughout his book Serrano interviews dozens of Bélmez inhabitants but he never mentions anyone by name. However, Serrano's study is a contribution to explain the social dynamics of what he believes was a hoax perpetrated for financial gain.
Although José Luis Jordán was vice-president of the Spanish Society of Parapsychology, he was rather skeptical. In Jordán's Casas Encantadas, Poltergeist he analyzes cases of supposed haunted houses in Spain, including the Bélmez case.
In 1971, a department of the Spanish Ministry of the Interior asked Jordán to head a commission that appointed diverse technicians specializing in concrete chemistry to carry out an exhaustive study of the strange occurrences in Bélmez and present a report on such to the authorities. In the report Jordán deals with several possibilities of fraud: "pigmentation with a dark, brownish substance", "a mixture of soot and vinegar" and "the aggressive action of a chemical compound". In an interview by two members of the Spanish Society of Parapsychology, Jordán stated:
In Spain other skeptical parapsychologists have also maintained the forgery hypothesis. Ramos Perera, president of the Spanish Society of Parapsychology, stated that it was found that La Pava, the first and most famous of the Bélmez faces, had coloration and deduced it had been painted:
La Pava was later embedded in the wall of María's home for exhibition purposes.
Besides the ICV's, there are other chemical analysis on the Bélmez faces, performed by J.J. Alonso, a researcher of the Spanish National Research Council. The Alonso report was originally published in Psi Comunicación, the journal of the Spanish Society of Parapsychology. However, the results are ambiguous on the subject of how the images were formed. Also, Alonso refused to wield judgment on the thoughtographic claims. However, his analysis did confirm the presence of a melanocratic compound.
In general, artificial cement is made from limestone, clay and gypsum (natural cements are obtained from rocks containing lime and clay). The main components are lime and kaolinitic clay. There are some cements such as the aluminous, derived from aluminous and lime materials, that are black (melanocratic). The presence of aluminum in the analysis of the Bélmez face called El Pelao (The bald one) could indicate that an aluminum-type cement was being dealt with. However, in his report Alonso does not indicate the percentage of said cation, nor its structure, resistance to compression, elasticity module, chemical resistance or other characteristics necessary to differentiate a Portland cement from an aluminum cement.
The thoughtographic hypothesis
The main researchers of the Bélmez case were Hans Bender and Germán de Argumosa. They collaborated in Bélmez and Freiburg in the early 1970s when the alleged phenomena began. Neither Bender nor de Argumosa published an official report on them. Bender wrote very little about the case in his journal Zeitschrift für Parapsychologie. Argumosa, a Spanish parapsychologist, spent two years evaluating what he believed was a Gothic mystery, but published nothing on the subject either. Bender did mention the case in passing and referred to it in some of his lectures. His crucial statement referred to the sealing of areas of the floor where some faces were in progress with a transparent plastic material:
The only believer who has published an entire book on the case is José Martínez-Romero. His book Las Caras de Bélmez is a collection of anecdotes. Argumosa who used to be the main defender of this case in Spain, believes that Martínez-Romero discredited the phenomenon with his book.
The most serious publication to date by a believer appears in the first chapter of the book The Seen and the Unseen by Andrew Carr MacKenzie. MacKenzie did not speak Spanish and during his stay in Bélmez lacked an interpreter. Only a taxi driver and Martínez-Romero's son were able to assist him, though very little.
ICV analysis
Scientific studies carried out on a Bélmez face were performed by the Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio or ICV (Institute of Ceramics and Glass), with samples from two of the faces recovered by Father J.M. Pilón's team in September 1990. The samples, one 30 milligrams, the other 60 milligrams, were subjected to various tests such as granulometric, mineralogical and chemical. According to Carballal, "The result, expressed in extremely abridged form, was that no traces of paint were found at any place." Carballal does not mention which faces were analyzed, nor which part of the faces correspond to each of the samples, nor what kind of mineralogical or chemical analysis was performed.
ICV is a respectable institution that belongs to the Spanish National Research Council. in 1992 Pilón published the above chart in the popular Spanish magazine Más Allá.
Commentary
Luis Ruiz-Noguez believes that the most likely explanation for the visual effect of the Bélmez images is Jordán's suggestion of the use of an oxidizing chemical agent. For example, nitric, sulfuric, muriatic, acetic acid, and others, could be used to obtain such an effect. Another explanation might be the use of agents sensitive to light (which was not mentioned in either Jordán's or Perera's repertoire of forgery hypotheses): silver nitrate which, when subjected to ultraviolet sunlight, darkens.
In general, there may be at least three chemical sources capable of producing an effect similar to that of the Bélmez faces: (1) Products that affect the chemical structure of the cement which include some oxidizing agents and several acids (all types of cement are of alkaline nature and therefore easily attacked by acids); (2) products that leave the cement intact but change their chemical structure upon contact with external agents such as light or chemical reagents; and (3) the utilization of a pigment in a vehicle or resin, as discussed by Ruiz-Noguez in his commentary on the ICV chart.
According to Ramos Perera, hypothesis #3 was the case of the first "wall face" appearance of Bélmez: the ghastly face known as La Pava. Presently this old face is fading out in the dark, humid cement as can be seen in the photographs of a website. Skeptical investigator Joe Nickell has written that the Bélmez Faces were deliberately faked, and the faces looked very amateurish in design.
Brian Dunning of Skeptoid has written that "the faces were shown to have been painted on the concrete floor, the first with paint and later with acid, and the woman living in the house found to be perpetrating a hoax on the public for financial gain."
2014 forensic analysis
In 2014, investigative journalism TV show Cuarto Milenio, presented by Iker Jiménez, carried on a technical analysis in order to discover the possible hoax. The research was realized by José Javier Gracenea, doctor in chemical engineering and general manager of Medco, and Luis Alamancos, forensic criminalist, chairman of Gabinete Pericial Inpeval and director of the Spanish Institute of Applied Criminalistics, later awarded with the European Police Cross of Honor.
After extracting samples from the faces under the house owner's permission, Gracenea proceeded to analyze them and concluded that the images "weren't made with paint" and "according to scientific knowledge and techniques employed in the analysis, there is no external manipulation or elements" in the faces. Alamancos then attempted to reproduce similar images through the variety of methods considered valid in previous investigations, including but not limited to concrete solvents, hydrochloric acid and silver nitrate. He declared failure in his attempt to replicate the faces, concluding "the words summarizing [his] opinion are absolute bewilderment."
The "new" Bélmez faces
María Gómez, the purported psychic that allegedly produced the appearances, died in February 2004 at the age of 85. After her death the popular psychic researcher Pedro Amorós tried to "discover" more thoughtographic appearances in Gómez's house. A new wave of Bélmez faces thus took place. However, Amorós' claims have been debunked in the Spanish media. In November 2004 the newspaper El Mundo published the article "New Belmez Faces Faked by 'Ghostbusters' and Municipal Government."
In May 2007, journalist Javier Cavanilles and investigator Francisco Máñez published a book called Los Caras de Bélmez, which has the double meaning of "The Faces of Bélmez" and "The Scoundrels of Bélmez", where they explain the history of the scam and pointed to María's son, Diego Pereira, as author of the mysterious paintings.
See also
List of allegedly haunted locations
Thoughtography
Pareidolia
References
Spanish ghosts
Paranormal hoaxes
Parapsychology
Telekinesis
Province of Jaén (Spain)
Reportedly haunted locations in Spain | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9lmez%20Faces |
Lake Hart can refer to:
Lake Hart, Florida, USA, a community
Lake Hart, Indiana, USA, a community
Lake Hart (South Australia), a lake within the Woomera Test Range
Lake Hart (Winter Haven, Florida), a lake on the south side of Winter Haven, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Hart |
Stepan (Stefan, Stephan, Stephen) Popel (Popiel) (born 15 August 1909, Komarniki, Galicia, Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine) – died 27 December 1987, Fargo, North Dakota, USA) was a multiple chess champion of Lviv, Paris and eventually, of the Ukrainians in North America (USA and Canada).
Biography
Stepan Popel was the nephew of an early master, Ignatz von Popiel (1863–1941), and took a liking to chess at an early age – he played in his first tournament at age 12. He went on to become the best chess player in the region and is now regarded as one of the important masters of pre-World War II Europe. In 1931, he earned a master's degree in French and Latin language and literature from the University at Lviv. He also acted, during WW II, Greek-Catholic Metropolitan Andrew Sheptytsky’s personal secretary until 1944.
In 1929, Popel won a championship of Lviv, followed by E. Kaufman, Henryk Friedman, Oskar Piotrowski, etc. In 1929 and 1934, he was a member of Lviv team at 1st and 2nd Polish team championships. In 1934, he was a member of Polish team at Correspondence Olympiad. In 1935-1936, he took 9th at Correspondence Championship of Poland.
In 1943, Popel published his handbook Poczatki szachista (Introduction to Chess) in Ukrainian at Kraków. In 1943, he tied for 1st with Myroslav Turiansky at Lviv (GG). In 1943, he won at Sambor (GG). In 1944, he won at Sanok (GG). Because of the Red Army's approach, he did manage to avoid deportation to Siberia or any worse fate during the Soviet occupation (e.g., that of Vladimirs Petrovs). Joining the westward exodus in 1944, Stepan Popel wound up in Kraków. In 1944, he drew a match against Fedor Bogatyrchuk at Kraków (2 : 2). At the end of war, he escaped to West. Finally, he came to France.
In 1950/51, Popel won at Hastings (Premier Reserve Major). In 1951, he won the 26th Paris City Chess Championship. In 1951/52, he tied for 4th-6th at Hastings. In April 1953, he won, ahead of Maurice Raizman, the 28th Championship of Paris. In 1954, he won the 29th Championship of Paris. In 1954, he took 4th at Saarbrücken. In 1954/55, he played at international tournament at Paris. In 1955/56, he took 2nd at Hastings (The Premier Reserves Major).
In 1956, Popel was authorized to migrate to the US. As an American master, he won three times the Michigan state championship, in 1957, 1958, and 1959. He also won the North Central Open at Wisconsin in 1957, where his young competitor Bobby Fischer took 6th place. In 1958, he took 4th at North Central Open, and took 6th at Western Open. Both those events were won by Pal Benko. Around 1960, Stepan Popel became a professor of French language and literature at North Dakota State University in Fargo. He continued to enter tournaments, and he became eleven-time North Dakota champion (from 1965 to 1980). In 1966, he took 2nd at a championship of Ukrainian Sport Centrale of America & Canada. In 1969, he won a championship of USCA&C. In 1970, he took 3rd at North Central Open. Popel played the US Open at Lincoln 1969, Atlantic City 1972, Chicago 1973, Columbus 1977. In 1986, he tied for 5th-8 th at a championship of USCA&C. The event was won by Orest Popovych.
Popel died in 1987, and is buried in Fargo. But his childhood town hasn't forgotten him. In 1996, the now Ukrainian city of Lviv hosted their first International Chess Tournament in memory of Stepan Popel.
Notable chess games
Stepan Popel vs Czarnecki, Paris 1947, Grünfeld Defense, D94, 1-0
Stepan Popel vs Daniel Yanofsky, Hastings 1951/52, King's Indian Attack, Wahls Defense, A11, 1/2-1/2
Harry Golombek vs Stepan Popel, Hastings 1951/52, English Opening, A16, 0-1
Maurice Raizman vs Stepan Popel, Paris 1953, Neo-Grünfeld Defense, Main line, D79, 0-1
Robert James Fischer vs Stephan Popel, Oklahoma City 1956, US-Open, King's Indian Attack, Symmterical Defense, A05, 1/2-1/2
References
External links
1909 births
1987 deaths
People from Lviv Oblast
American people of Ukrainian descent
Sportspeople from Fargo, North Dakota
Ukrainian chess players
French chess players
American chess players
Ukrainian refugees
20th-century chess players
Polish emigrants to the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan%20Popel |
Flöha () is a town in the district of Mittelsachsen, in Saxony, Germany. Flöha is situated on the confluence of the rivers Zschopau and Flöha, east of Chemnitz.
Flöha station connects the town to Dresden, Chemnitz, Freiberg, Annaberg-Buchholz and other places.
History
During World War II, a subcamp of Flossenbürg concentration camp was located in Flöha. Flöha absorbed the former municipality Falkenau in 2011.
Sons and daughters of the city
Lothar Kreyssig (1898–1986), founder of the Aktion Sühnezeichen, was born in Flöha
Anita Nüßner (born 1935), canoeist (born in Plaue)
Stefan Schmidt (born 1989), football goalkeeper
Personalities who have worked in the city
Samuel von Pufendorf (1632–1694), natural law philosopher, historian and natural and international law teacher,
Herbert Jobst (1915–1990), writer
Marcus Popp (born 1981), volleyball player
References
Mittelsachsen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B6ha |
NEMCO Motorsports is an American professional stock car racing team that competes in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. The team is owned by driver Joe Nemechek and his family. NEMCO Motorsports has had success, winning the 1992 Busch Series Championship. The team previously competed in both Cup and Xfinity Series competition. NEMCO currently competes in late models.
NASCAR Cup Series
Car No. 87 history
NEMCO made its Winston Cup debut during the 1993 season at the Slick 50 300, where Nemechek started fifteenth and finished 36th in the No. 87 car. NEMCO ran two more races with Nemechek that year, at Watkins Glen and Michigan, where he finished 21st and 37th, respectively. NEMCO did not race in the series again until the 1995 season, when Nemechek moved the operation up to Cup full-time. With sponsorship from Burger King, Nemechek posted four top-tens and finished 28th in points. The next season, he had just two top-tens and dropped to 34th in points. After he signed with SABCO Racing, Nemechek abandoned the team's Cup program, and sold the equipment to the SABCO team.
NEMCO returned to the Winston Cup Series in 1999, fielding the No. 87 Bully Hill Vineyards Chevrolet Monte Carlo driven by Ron Fellows at Watkins Glen. Fellows started seventh, led three laps, and finished in second place. Fellows ran at Watkins Glen again the following year, but suffered a blown engine and finished 43rd. During the 2001 season, Fellows began running Watkins Glen as well the series' other road course at Sears Point International Raceway. He led the most laps, but finished 38th after wrecking at Sears Point, and 42nd at Watkins Glen after suffering axle problems. Fellows' last race for NEMCO came in 2002 at Sears Point, where he started 19th and finished 25th. Fellows left NEMCO after the 2002 series to drive for Dale Earnhardt Incorporated in 2003.
NEMCO did not field a Cup car again until 2005 at Sears Point, when it leased a car to Christine Marie Motorsports to be driven by Chris Cook. He started and finished 28th. The team also attempted Watkins Glen that year, but failed to qualify.
NEMCO returned to race full-time in the 2009 season with Joe Nemechek following his departure from Furniture Row Racing. The car was leased to Scott Speed and the Red Bull Racing Team for two races when Speed did not qualify.
In 2010, Nemechek ran a full season, but only managed to finish one race, due to funding issues. Nemechek secured sponsorship through England Stove Works for the Daytona 500 and succeeded in qualifying, but wrecked during the race. For the fall Talladega race, sponsorship was provided by HostGator.com. They also sponsored the car in the second Texas race, but engine failure took the car out early.
For 2011, the team is back full-time yet again. Nemechek qualified for the Daytona 500, being the fastest Toyota in the field. An early accident took the car out of the 500 early though. Sponsorship was provided by AM FM Energy, and DAB Constructors for Daytona Speedweeks. Despite starting and parking most of the season, Nemechek managed to qualify for all 36 races.
For 2012, the team plans to remain full-time. Except for the Daytona 500 and Watkins Glen, the team was a Start and Park ride to fund the No. 87 Nationwide Team. For 2013, NEMCO and Jay Robinson Racing have partnered up for the No. 87. The No. 87 qualified for the 2013 Daytona 500 but were knocked out due to an engine failure. They currently have sponsorship from Maddie's Place Rocks, with no plans to start and park. Royal Teak Collections has stepped up as primary sponsorship. The same plans are in place for 2014. The No. 87 is part of the January test session in Daytona. On January 31, 2014, Michael Waltrip Racing announced a partnership with Robinson and Nat Hardwick to run the No. 66 full-time as Identity Ventures Racing. NEMCO-JRR moved most of their Cup cars to Identity's shop, owned by Robinson, with Nemechek as primary driver for the new team. NEMCO-JRR still entered the No. 87 part-time when Nemechek was not scheduled to drive for Identity.
The No. 87, with Nemechek driving, failed to qualify for the Daytona 500 and the Kobalt 400 at Las Vegas, while Morgan Shepherd finished 43rd at Phoenix. The team did not enter again until Talladega, where Nemechek once again failed to qualify. Timmy Hill ran in the No. 87 at New Hampshire. Mike Wallace was initially entered in the No. 87 in the fall race at Talladega, but the number was changed mid-week to the 49, the number Robinson used for many years. The car still used the owner points and attempts from the No. 87 in 2014. Wallace ultimately qualified in 23rd place. NEMCO Motorsports has no affiliation with Identity Ventures Racing or Jay Robinson Racing after Nemechek split from the team and Nat Hardwick, the team's co-owner, was facing embezzlement charges involving his companies Morris-Hardwick-Schneider and Landcastle Title. Should the No. 87 return, the team will probably run Chevrolets like in the Trucks. The No. 87 announced plans to return to the Cup Series in 2015, but withdrew for the Daytona 500 and hasn't run a race since.
Car No. 87 results
Car No. 97 history
A second car, the No. 97, was entered in the 2010 Daytona 500 as a safety net for Joe Nemechek, and was driven by Jeff Fuller, but did not qualify for the race. Fuller parked the car about 5 laps into his Duel race. However, Fuller qualified for the October event in Talladega. Nemechek stated that if both cars qualified (which they did) the No. 97 would start and park, and with the winnings from that car, and the sponsorship from HostGator.com, the No. 87 would be able to run the entire race.
In 2011, Kevin Conway ran the Bud Shootout in the No. 97 with longtime sponsor ExtenZe, but was wrecked early on. He also attempted the Daytona 500, but failed to qualify. Conway did qualify for the Aaron's 499 at Talladega, but only ran one lap and then retired from the race. Conway again qualified for the Coke Zero 400, but also again ran one lap and then retired from the race. Conway then attempted the Good Sam RV Club 500 in Talladega and made the race. However like in the previous races, Conway pulled the car in after completing one lap.
Bill Elliott has taken over the No. 97 car in 2012 with sponsorship from AM/FM Energy for the 2012 Daytona 500. Neither car is locked in the race and Elliott failed to qualify. Elliott successfully qualified for the Talladega spring race, and was in and out of the garage for most of the race. Timmy Hill qualified the car at the fall Talladega race, starting and parking the machine.
Car No. 97 results
Xfinity Series
Car No. 87 history
The No. 87 car debuted in 1990 with sponsorship from Master Machine & Tool. Nemechek had five top-tens and was named NASCAR Busch Series Rookie of the Year. After jumping to sixth in points the following year, Nemechek and the team won two races and the Busch Series championship in 1992.
After Nemechek failed to win the championship again in 1993, he left for Larry Hedrick Motorsports at the Winston Cup level. He continued to drive the No. 87 part-time in the Busch Series for several years. After winning the Hardee's 250 in 1994, Nemechek did not win until 1997, when he won the Carquest Auto Parts 300 and the Jiffy Lube Miami 300 in the BellSouth sponsored car.
Beginning in 1998, Nemechek began sharing the car with Ron Fellows. Fellows picked up his first win that year at the Lysol 200, then finished second the next year to Dale Earnhardt Jr., before winning at Watkins Glen the next two years. In 2000, the team got new sponsorship from Cellular One, and Nemechek went on to win three races in 2003. Ron Fellows left the team to drive for Dale Earnhardt Incorporated after 2002.
In 2002, David Reutimann drove the No. 87 for four races, his best finish a twelfth at Memphis. The next year, Hendrick Motorsports development driver Kyle Busch climbed on board for a number of races with ditech sponsorship, posting two runner-up finishes. Reutimann also drove the No. 87 for a few races in 2003, finishing in fifth place twice. Nemechek shared the No. 87 with Reutimann again in the early parts of 2004, before Reutimann left. Midseason, Hendrick development drivers Blake Feese and Boston Reid drove for a handful of races in the No. 87. Feese's best finish was a 33rd at Indianapolis Raceway Park, and Reid's a 26th at Atlanta Motor Speedway. Nemechek picked up a win that season at Kansas Speedway. His lone highlight of 2005 was winning the pole at the season-opening race at Daytona. Ron Fellows returned to the No. 87 at Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez, where he finished 41st after a wreck.
In 2006, NEMCO ran two races with Nemechek at Daytona and Homestead, where he started finished fortieth and twenty-third, respectively. He ran three of the first four races in 2007 with Brunton Vineyards sponsoring, with a best finish of thirteenth.
The No. 87 came back full-time in 2009. Nemechek drove most of the races with Chad Blount, Dave Blaney, Mike Bliss, Kevin Conway and Jeff Fuller filling in throughout the year for various races. Towards the end of the season, funding got tight and Nemechek was forced to Start and Park most of the races.
In 2010, Nemechek returned to the No. 87 for most of the season with Jarit Johnson, Antonio Perez, and Paulie Harraka driving in the races he did not take part in. However, Nemechek did run the No. 97 while Harraka was wheeling the No. 87 in Montreal. The team received sponsorship from various companies through the first 17 events before HostGator became the primary sponsor for the rest of the season.
For the 2011 DRIVE4COPD 300, Nemechek ran the No. 87 car with DAB Constructors as the sponsor. The team has received other sponsorship from Sin City Motorsports, and AM FM Energy in other various races. HostGator made their first appearance on the car at the spring race in Texas. The team is slowly transitioning to Toyota Camrys, although they have run Chevrolet Impalas off and on throughout the year thus far. With both the No. 87 and the No. 97 entered for the annual race in Las Vegas, it was impossible to change the No. 97 back to a No. 87 after Joe crashed the No. 87 in practice. So, Joe took the wheel of the No. 97 while Kevin Conway started and parked the No. 87 as a backup Jay Robinson car. Nemechek took the reins of the No. 97 again a couple of weeks later in California, while Conway drove the No. 87 with sponsorship from Extenze. Kimi Räikkönen drove the No. 87 at Charlotte Motor Speedway in May 2011, in alliance with Kyle Busch Motorsports.
In 2012 and 2013, Nemechek drove the No. 87 car himself for the full season.
In 2014, with NEMCO focusing on the Truck series, the team only fielded the No. 87 part-time. Nemechek himself drove the car in a few races, as did Carlos Contreras. In the races when NEMCO did not field the car, Rick Ware Racing, RAB Racing, and JD Motorsports used the owner's points to field an additional car for their own teams. The No. 87 car made one attempt in 2015, missing the race at Daytona in February. The No. 87 car returned for 2016 as a Toyota. They would only make the two Daytona races, and after a crash at the second race, they have not made a race since.
Car No. 87 results
Car No. 88 history
The No. 88 car debuted in 1989 at North Carolina Speedway as the No. 88 Buick with Nemechek finishing 33rd after an engine failure.
The No. 88 car returned in 2001 at California Speedway with Jeff Fuller as the driver. He started 40th and finished 42nd after an early vibration problem. The car returned at Daytona in 2002 with Fuller as the driver. He started fifth, but finished 42nd after being involved in a wreck early in the race. He ran again that year at Talladega, but crashed again and finished 40th. Fuller and Nemechek ran three races apiece in the No. 88 the following year, finishing last in each one, while Reutimann had a sixth-place finish at Michigan Speedway.
In 2004, Fuller moved to the No. 88 virtually full-time. Despite the full-time schedule, Fuller did not finish a race all year long, his best finish being a 35th at Nazareth Speedway. Nemechek and Wally Dallenbach Jr. drove one race apiece in the car during that season.
In 2005, the team's owners points were transferred to the 7 car's, which were sold to GIC-Mixon Motorsports.
The No. 88 team is now currently used by JR Motorsports, since 2005.
Car No. 88 results
Car No. 7, 97 history
NEMCO debuted its No. 7 car in 2001. Co-owned with Ed Evans and run under the Evans Motorsports name, it was driven by Randy LaJoie and sponsored by Kleenex. The car won its first race at Daytona International Speedway. LaJoie won another race that season at Memphis Motorsports Park and finished twelfth in points. LaJoie didn't win in 2002, but won a pole at Gateway International Raceway and posted fourteen top-tens on his way to an eleventh-place points finish. Following the 2003 GNC Live Well 250, LaJoie and NEMCO parted ways. Nemechek, Todd Bodine, Hank Parker Jr., and Mike Skinner all took over for one race apiece before Greg Biffle was hired for the rest of the season, winning twice (Which turned out to be his only wins with Chevy.) and garnering three pole positions.
In 2004, the No. 7 only ran twice, once with Nemechek and once with Todd Szegedy. Szegedy's qualifying run at Chicagoland was famously interrupted by a giant inflatable Tropicana orange, an advertisement at the track. Szegedy was granted a second qualifying run and timed in a surprising 12th.
The No. 7 car ran more races in 2005 although it was still part-time and suffered from a lack of reliable equipment in comparison to the primary No. 87. Jeff Fuller was the primary driver, with Kim Crosby and others filling out the schedule.
In 2010, NEMCO began fielding a second car part-time with Fuller as the driver. In 2011 and 2012, the No. 97 was mainly used when there was another driver in the No. 87 and was fielded for Nemechek in that situation.
The No. 97 ran as the No. 70 in 2013 when ML Motorsports was not entered, including Jeff Green, Brad Teague, Tomy Drissi, Derrike Cope and Tony Raines. The No. 97 returned with Nemechek driving at the summer Daytona race in 2014.
The No. 97 team was most recently used by the team Obaika Racing, when it debuted in 2015. Currently, no team uses the 97.
Craftsman Truck Series
Truck No. 8 history
The No. 8 truck was originally owned and driven by Joe Nemechek's brother John. He debuted the truck in 1996 at the Miami-Dade Homestead Motorsports Complex, where he finished seventh. He ran full-time that year and finished 13th in points. The team was known as CHEK Racing Inc. Three races into 1997, John was involved in a single-truck accident at Miami-Dade and suffered massive head injuries, which claimed his life five days later. The No. 8 truck was retired in John's memory after this, and it was intended that the number would not be used again by the Nemecheks.
However, in 2014, the number returned with Joe Nemechek's son John Hunter Nemechek (named after Joe's brother) ran the No. 8 Toyota Tundra in 10 races, with Joe driving the other 12. SWM sponsored the truck, with SWM owner Sid Maudlin also owning a share of the truck team. The events on the younger Nemechek's NCWTS calendar include Martinsville in March and October, Dover in May, Gateway Motorsports Park in June, Iowa in July, Eldora Speedway in July, Bristol in August, Canadian Tire Motorsport Park in August, New Hampshire in September and Phoenix in November. NEMCO experienced a renewed success, with a best finish of 3rd at Texas by the elder Nemechek. The team recorded eleven top-10s and only finished outside the top-15 on two occasions. The No. 8 finished 7th in owner points, the highest finish for a NEMCO team in any series in nearly 20 years.
In 2015, the season began with the truck again being split between Joe Nemechek and John Hunter Nemechek. Ryan Newman also ran a race for the team at Kansas. Beginning at the eighth race of the season at Gateway, John Hunter took over the truck full-time. At Chicagoland in September, John Hunter Nemechek won his first Truck Series race, passing Kyle Larson with two laps to go after Larson ran out of fuel. It was the first win for NEMCO in any series since a Busch Series race at Kansas in October 2004. Team co-owner Sid Maudlin died in December 2015 at the age of 61.
John Hunter Nemechek returned to the team for 2016, running the full schedule. Nemechek held off Cameron Hayley to win at Atlanta, his second career win. John Hunter Nemechek also won at the Canadian Tire Motorsport Park in a controversial finish beating Cole Custer by 0.034 seconds
It was announced in 2017, NEMCO Motorsports would be fielding a 2nd truck driven by Joe Nemechek in the No. 87 Fleetwing Chevrolet, the first time a father and son competed in a truck series race since Dave Blaney and Ryan Blaney at Eldora in 2013. After finishing 29th, 28th, 22nd, and 21st at the beginning of the season, John Hunter Nemechek got his 1st win of the season at Gateway, he followed that up with a win at Iowa the very next race. Joe and John Hunter will split the 8 now that the younger Nemechek has moved to a partial schedule driving for Chip Ganassi Racing in the Xfinity Series. Financial problems hit the team in 2019, forcing the 8 to start and park several races when John Hunter was not entered, or Joe was unable to find sufficient sponsorship. 2020 saw the 8s schedule greatly reduced as both teams, the 8 and 87, missed the show at Daytona with John Hunter and Joe. The #8 attempted five more races, one with Mike Skeen, one with Joe Nemechek and the other three with JH Nemechek. He scored a top-10 finish at Charlotte Motor Speedway, climbing all the way from 38th to 6th by the end of the event. Skeen finished 23rd at the Daytona Road Course, while Joe Nemechek finished 37th at Talladega after an early crash eliminated him. Rumors circulated that NEMCO had no plans of attempting any races in 2021. These were later debunked by Joe Nemechek, who shared on his Instagram that he would attempt the season opening race at Daytona. Despite not making the race, NEMCO would run the second race of the season with Camden Murphy, finishing 13th. Following the Daytona Road Course Race, NEMCO sold its owner points to the no. 11 Spencer Davis Motorsports team. On March 20, 2023, it was revealed on the entry list for the XPEL 225 that NEMCO will return to the Truck Series for the first time since 2021, with Samuel LeComte as the driver. LeComte previously attempted the COTA races for CMI Motorsports in 2021, and G2G Racing in 2022, but failed to qualify for both.
Truck No. 8 results
Truck No. 22 history
It was announced in the fall 2013, that John Hunter Nemechek would make his NASCAR debut in the October Martinsville truck race in the No. 22 Toyota Tundra, co-owned by Joe Nemechek and Sid Maudlin under the name SWM-NEMCO Motorsports.
Truck No. 22 results
Truck No. 87 history
NEMCO began running the No. 87 truck in 1995 with John Nemechek driving with sponsorship from Burger King and Delco Remy America. John had two top-tens and finished 16th in points despite not competing in four races. Joe took over the No. 87 the following year on a part-time basis. He finished second at Watkins Glen after Steve Park qualified on the pole in the truck, then finished eighth at Phoenix International Raceway. After finishing 27th at Walt Disney World Speedway in 1997, Nemechek didn't return to the trucks until the following year, where he finished sixth at WDWS. Fellows began racing the truck in 1999, finishing third in his debut at Portland International Raceway before winning the following week at Watkins Glen. Nemechek did make an announcement in early June that later in the season, a second truck would be run with Joe driving. The truck was rumored to be numbered as the 87. Ultimately, this truck never ran a race. In January 2017, NEMCO announced that Joe Nemechek and the No. 87 truck would return part-time for the 2017 season, beginning with the NextEra Energy Resources 250 at Daytona, and will be sponsored by Fleetwing. The 87 returned with Joe Nemechek at Gateway, Iowa, and Kentucky. Nemechek failed to qualify at Kentucky and skipped Eldora. The 87 returned at Pocono. The 87 has recently run as a start and park to fund the primary 8 for John Hunter Nemechek. On October 21, 2017 it was announced that Ty Dillon would run in the 87 at Martinsville Speedway without start and parking. The 87 returned at Daytona with Joe Nemechek behind the wheel, before he moved to the 8 truck. It was announced that Tyler Ankrum would run select races in the 87 truck to maintain his playoff eligibility for 2019. He ran 2 races at Iowa and Gateway, finishing 31st and 30th. 2020 saw the 87 only attempt one race, the season opener at Daytona, which resulted in a DNQ with Joe Nemechek at the wheel.
Truck No. 87 results
References
External links
NEMCO Motorsports Official Web Page
Joe Nemechek Owner Statistics
1989 establishments in North Carolina
Auto racing teams in the United States
Companies based in North Carolina
NASCAR teams
Auto racing teams established in 1989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEMCO%20Motorsports |
The Carmelite Church of St. Theresa is a late-Renaissance church in the city of Przemyśl, in the Subcarpathian Voivodship in southern Poland.
History
Beginnings
The Catholic order of Carmelites came to Przemyśl in 1620. Their church was founded by the duke of Podolia, Michał Krasicki, and constructed in the years 1627-1631 most probably according to the design of Galleazzo Appiani. The interior is explicitly Baroque, including a pulpit with a ship-like shape.
Partitions
In 1772 after the First Partition of Poland the city fell under Austrian rule, which by a decree of Joseph II liquidated the order in 1784. The Austrian authorities also blocked the ongoing construction of a Greek Catholic Cathedral (an already erected belfry was later turned into a clock tower) and instead offered the town's Ukrainian population the confiscated Carmelite Church as part of a plan to solidify their rule over the newly acquired territory by setting its inhabitants against each other.
In 1884, Ukrainian architect Mykola Zakharevych, a professor at Lviv Polytechnic, designed and built an addition a dome modeled that was modeled on St. Peter's Basilica in Rome which also incorporated elements of Ukrainian wooden church architecture. This dome was meant to symbolize the Ukrainian congregation's connection to the Vatican.
20th century
The 1925 Concordat between Poland and the holy See confirmed that the building belongs to the Greek Catholic Church.
Soon after the Second World War a Soviet controlled communist government expelled most of the Ukrainians from Przemyśl during the Operation Vistula, including most of the clergy and bishop Josaphat Kotsylovsky (Jozefat Kocyłowski), who was martyred.
In 1946 Carmelite friars, who were forced to leave their monasteries in Soviet Ukraine, settled in Przemyśl and returned to the empty church. In 1991, shortly after Poland regained full independence and the Church was able to freely operate, the church building became a focal point of Polish-Ukrainian tensions.
The Latin Catholic Church decided to transfer the building to the Greek Catholic Church for the period of five years during which the Greek Catholics would construct a new sanctuary in Przemyśl and then give the church back to the Carmelite Order. It was felt by the Poles, that the Ukrainians, who perceived the return of the building as historical justice, had no intention of returning the church after this period of time. Local Poles occupied the church to prevent its transfer, and the Latin Catholic Church transferred a former Jesuit church to the Greek Catholics. Pope John Paul II wished to return the church to the Ukrainian Catholics who had used it prior to their expulsion by the Soviets.
The Carmelites begun modification of architectural details of the Cathedral to give it more of a Latin-rite appearance and erase traces of the church's links to Ukrainian Greek Catholicism. The belltower was a target due to its easily seen Cyrillic inscriptions. Latin Catholics in the city argued that the church which was originally Latin Catholic, confiscated and given to Ukrainians by Austrian authorities, was rightfully returned to the Poles.
In 1996, against the orders of the conservator general of historical monuments in Poland, Prof. Andrzej Tomaszewski, the Carmelites destroyed the Habsburg-era dome of the church, claiming that it disrupted Przemysl's "Polish" skyline, being ‘orthodox’ - despite it being modelled on the dome of S Peter’s Rome an act which sparked protests amongst Ukrainians in Przemyśl. The Carmelite church continues to serve the faithful of the Latin Rite.
The church includes a plaque commemorating victims of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.
References
External links
Klasztor i Kościół Karmelitów /pod wezwaniem św.Teresy/
Churches in Poland
Buildings and structures in Przemyśl
Carmelite churches in Poland
Przemyśl | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmelite%20Church%2C%20Przemy%C5%9Bl |
Porcelain tiles or ceramic tiles are porcelain or ceramic tiles commonly used to cover floors and walls, with a water absorption rate of less than 0.5 percent. The clay used to build porcelain tiles is generally denser than ceramic tiles. They can either be glazed or unglazed. Porcelain tiles are one type of vitrified tiles and are sometimes referred to as porcelain vitrified tiles.
Historically, porcelain was not the usual material for tiles, which were much more often made of earthenware (terracotta) or stoneware. The first porcelain tiles were made in China, for example in the 15th-century Porcelain Tower of Nanjing (now largely destroyed). Here the tiles were used for walls, which long remained typical. In Europe, a few rooms were made in palaces of porcelain plaques, often with forms in high relief. These were made by Capodimonte porcelain and Real Fábrica del Buen Retiro among others.
Although porcelain has now been widely used for making tiles for many years, modern production methods and quantities have made porcelain tiles available for the average householder in recent years.
Production
Large-scale production of porcelain tile is undertaken in many countries, with the major producers being China, Italy, Morbi India, Spain and Turkey. There are also countries undertaking small-scale production, such as Australia and strong growth in Brazil.
The wear rating of the tile can be graded from zero to five according to the ISO 10545-7 (also, ASTM C1027) test for surface abrasion resistance of glazed tile, and this can be used to determine suitability for various end-use conditions.
Polished porcelain tiles
The dense, hard surface of porcelain has made polishing a viable alternative to a glazed surface. This means that a tile can be fired, then a polish cut into the surface, creating a shine without a glaze.
Use
Porcelain is much harder than ordinary ceramic tiles and is often selected, despite its higher price, for its hard-wearing nature. Porcelain can be used in both wet and dry areas such as bathrooms, showers, and kitchens.
Disadvantages
Porcelain is denser and therefore heavier to handle than other ceramic tiles. For this reason, it is generally more expensive. Being harder, it is more difficult to cut and drill and requires specialist tools, which can hamper fitting and increase costs. Polished porcelain may need sealing, where ordinary glazed tiles do not. The glazed surface is coated with less than two microns.
Cutting
There are several ways to cut a porcelain tile. Power tools like an angle grinder, tile cutter, tile nipper, the drill bit can be used to do this. However, the most effective way is to use a wet tile saw because of its versatility and cutting capacity.
Adhesives
Specialized cement is necessary for installation of porcelain tiles, and in the US specifications, are set by the Tile Council of America and supported by the Tile Contractors Association.
Porcelain, being denser and heavier than ordinary ceramic tiles, needs a stronger adhesive to hold the weight on walls. Therefore, typical ready-mix adhesives are not recommended for porcelain.
Sealing
When porcelain is first made, it is not absorbent, but the polishing process for making the unglazed surface shiny cuts into the surface, leaving it more porous and prone to absorbing stains, in the same way as natural stone tiles. Unless they have a suitable, long-lasting treatment applied by the manufacturer (for example, nanotech treatment), polished porcelain tiles may need sealing to make the maintenance of paving easier. Porcelain sealants are either solvent-based or water-based, which is cheaper but does not last.
Vitrification
Porcelain tiles can be vitrified to reduce their porosity and increase their strength. Vitrified porcelain tiles are created by combining clay with other elements such as quartz, silica, or feldspar under incredibly high temperatures. The vitrification process creates porcelain tiles that contain a glass substrate. The glass substrate gives the tiles a sleek appearance, provides added strength, and makes the tiles water and scratch-resistant. Vitrified porcelain tiles do not need to be re-sealed or glazed.
See also
Ceramic tile cutter
References
Building materials
Visual arts materials
Porcelain
Ceramic materials
Tiling | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcelain%20tile |
Ali Maow Maalin (; also Mao Moallim and Mao' Mo'allim; 1954 – 22 July 2013) was a Somali hospital cook and health worker from Merca who is the last person known to have been infected with naturally occurring Variola minor smallpox. He was diagnosed with the disease in October 1977 and made a full recovery. Although he had many contacts, none of them developed the disease, and an aggressive containment campaign was successful in preventing an outbreak. Smallpox was declared to have been eradicated globally by the World Health Organization (WHO) two years later. Maalin was subsequently involved in the successful poliomyelitis eradication campaign in Somalia, and he died of malaria while carrying out polio vaccinations after the re-emergence of the poliovirus in 2013.
Smallpox eradication in Africa
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by two strains of virus, Variola major and V. minor. V. minor was the rarer of the two strains, and causes a much less severe disease (sometimes called alastrim), with a fatality rate of around 1%. No treatment is available, and the only protection is vaccination. The virus is usually transmitted by prolonged face-to-face contact with a person showing symptoms. The incubation period averages 12–14 days. One of the most feared diseases of human history, smallpox was still causing an estimated 2 million deaths every year as late as 1967.
The global effort to eradicate smallpox from endemic areas such as Africa began in 1959 with a mass vaccination campaign. This approach met with little success, and a more effective targeted approach was developed in the late 1960s. This involved active surveillance by case hunting, combined with rapid containment of infection in areas reporting outbreaks by intensive vaccination. The majority of African countries were free from smallpox by 1972. By the end of 1975, the virus had been eradicated worldwide except in Ethiopia and Somalia in the Horn of Africa, and their neighbour Kenya. The nomadic people of the Ogaden Desert retained endemic smallpox with an unusually mild form of the disease, which facilitated persistence in the population. From 1975, WHO efforts were concentrated on this region. Ethiopia saw its last case in August 1976 and Kenya in February 1977.
Somalia proved particularly challenging because much of its population of 3.5 million was nomadic. A mass vaccination campaign in the country in 1969 had failed because many nomadic people in the region had cultural objections to vaccination, and either refused or avoided it. Elimination efforts relied on an intensive reporting system. A severe drought in 1975 exacerbated the difficulties by increasing movement across the border with Ethiopia, and frequent outbreaks continued. In March 1977, surveillance efforts found over 3000 cases in the south of the country. The Somali government declared a state of emergency and successfully appealed to the United Nations for assistance. By June, when the outbreak peaked, 3,000 Somali health workers supervised by 23 international advisers were involved in the eradication efforts. Eradication work was hampered in July when the Ogaden War broke out, limiting access to the desert.
Maalin's case
Maalin worked as a cook at the hospital in the port town of Merca in southern Somalia, as well as an occasional vaccinator for a WHO smallpox eradication team. He had not been successfully vaccinated, even though smallpox vaccination was obligatory for hospital employees. According to CDC epidemiologist Jason Weisfeld, one of the people who led the later containment effort in Merca, Maalin had received the smallpox vaccine but it had failed to take, and he had not been protected. Other sources state that he had not been vaccinated. In an interview in 2007, Maalin said that he had not been vaccinated, explaining: "I was scared of being vaccinated then. It looked like the shot hurt."
In August 1977, an outbreak developed in a Somalian nomadic group of twenty families; eight children developed symptoms in August to October. On 12 October 1977, two children with smallpox symptoms were discovered at an encampment near the small inland settlement of Kurtunawarey, around 90 km (60 miles) from Merca. Local officials drove the children to Merca, where there was a nearby isolation camp. Maalin, then aged 23, served as a guide to the party taking them in a closed Land Cruiser from the hospital where he worked either to the home of a surveillance supervisor or directly to the isolation camp. He is believed to have been infected during the journey, which lasted no more than 5–15 minutes. One of the children, a six-year-old girl named Habiba Nur Ali, died two days later. She was the last person to die from naturally acquired smallpox. The outbreak among the nomadic group was successfully contained by WHO workers by 18 October, but, critically, investigators failed to identify Maalin as a contact.
On 22 October, Maalin fell ill with fever and headache, and received malaria treatment in hospital. After four days a rash appeared. Perhaps working on the assumption that he had been successfully vaccinated against smallpox, Maalin was then believed to have chickenpox and was discharged from hospital. Over the next few days, his symptoms developed to indicate smallpox as the cause. Not wishing to be put into isolation, Maalin failed to report himself. On 30 October, a nurse colleague reported him, possibly for the reward of 200 Somali shillings (around $35), and Maalin was transferred to the isolation camp. He was diagnosed with an infection of the Variola minor strain of smallpox, based on his symptoms and later confirmed by laboratory tests. The date of diagnosis is sometimes stated as 26 October 1977. Maalin did not experience complications, and subsequently recovered fully and was discharged in late November.
Donald Henderson, who directed the WHO eradication programme from 1967 until 1976, describes Maalin's case as "a classic one in depicting omissions and mistakes in program operations." Maalin, described by Henderson as "a popular man," had been visited by many relations and friends during his illness before he entered isolation. While hospitalised with fever, he had walked freely around the hospital, interacting with multiple patients.
Containing the potential outbreak
Multiple measures were used to contain the potential outbreak in the town of Merca. The response was coordinated by Weisfeld and Karl Markvart. Maalin's contacts were all traced by the WHO eradication team. A total of 161 contacts were identified, 41 of whom had not been vaccinated. There were 91 people who had been in face-to-face contact with Maalin, 12 of whom were unvaccinated. Some of his contacts lived up to 120 km (75 miles) outside the town. All contacts were kept under surveillance for six weeks. His face-to-face contacts and their families were vaccinated, but none showed any sign of having been infected. Merca Hospital was closed to new patients, all its medical staff were vaccinated and existing patients were quarantined in situ. The residents of the fifty houses neighbouring Maalin's lodgings were vaccinated, and vaccinations were later extended to the ward of the town in which Maalin lived. House-to-house searches throughout the entire town looked for cases. Police checkpoints on all exits to the town, including footpaths, were established to vaccinate anyone passing who had not been recently immunised. A total of 54,777 people were vaccinated in the two weeks following Maalin's isolation. The response later broadened, with monthly house-to-house searches across the region widening to a search throughout Somalia, completed in December 1977.
The containment efforts proved effective and, on 17 April 1978, WHO's Nairobi office sent a telegram stating: "Search complete. No cases discovered. Ali Maow Maalin is the world's last known smallpox case." Although there was one further smallpox outbreak in 1978 acquired from a laboratory in Birmingham, UK, Maalin remains the last case of naturally acquired smallpox in the world. On 26 October 1979, two years after the day when Maalin's rash appeared, WHO declared that smallpox had been eradicated globally.
Later life and involvement in polio eradication campaign
Maalin remained in the Merca area, where he was employed in a range of roles. In the mid-1990s, he was selling medicines in a nearby small town. Maalin was among the 10,000 volunteers who participated in the effort to eradicate poliomyelitis from Somalia, which succeeded in 2008. He explained his motivation for volunteering: "Somalia was the last country with smallpox. I wanted to help ensure that we would not be the last place with polio too." Maalin worked for WHO as a local coordinator with responsibility for social mobilisation, and spent several years travelling across Somalia, vaccinating children and educating communities. The Boston Globe described him as one of the "most valuable" local coordinators for WHO. He encouraged people to be vaccinated by sharing his experiences with smallpox: "Now when I meet parents who refuse to give their children the polio vaccine, I tell them my story. I tell them how important these vaccines are. I tell them not to do something foolish like me." He continued to work as a regional coordinator for the vaccination drive, and was hailed as one of the "true heroes" of the campaign.
After the 2013 reintroduction of poliovirus into Somalia, Maalin was again carrying out vaccinations in the Merca district when he developed a fever, and died days later, on 22 July 2013, of malaria.
See also
Rahima Banu: The last person to contract smallpox from naturally occurring Variola major
Janet Parker: The last person to die from smallpox, which occurred after she acquired the virus from a laboratory source in Birmingham, UK
References
Citations
General and cited sources
Barrett, Scott. Why Cooperate?: The Incentive to Supply Global Public Goods (Oxford University Press; 2007) ()
Fenner, Frank, Henderson, Donald A., Arita, Isao et al. Smallpox and Its Eradication. (World Health Organization; 1988) .
Porter, Roy, ed. The Cambridge Illustrated History of Medicine (Cambridge University Press; 1996) ()
Tucker, Jonathan B. Scourge: The Once and Future Threat of Smallpox (Grove Press; 2002) ()
Further reading
Donald A Henderson. Smallpox: The Death of a Disease: The Inside Story of Eradicating a Worldwide Killer (Prometheus Books; 2009) ()
1954 births
1977 disasters in Asia
2013 deaths
Date of birth missing
Deaths from malaria
Ethnic Somali people
Polio
Smallpox eradication
20th-century Somalian people
21st-century Somalian people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali%20Maow%20Maalin |
Slade Hopkinson (1934 – 1993) was a Guyana-born poet, playwright, actor and teacher.
Early life
Slade Hopkinson was born into a middle-class family in New Amsterdam, Guyana. His father was a barrister-at-law, and his mother a nurse. A few years after the death of his father, his mother took Slade and his sister to live in Barbados where he attended Harrison College. In 1952, he went to the University College of the West Indies on a scholarship, coinciding with Derek Walcott and Mervyn Morris as students. Slade Hopkinson was active in university theatre. He directed Oedipus and King Lear. He obtained his BA in 1953 and a Dip. Ed. in 1956.
Career
He worked in Jamaica as a teacher, weekly newspaper editor, and a government information officer. He married (Freda) and had two children, Nalo (a novelist) and Keita (a painter and the founder of TorontoJazzBuzz). In 1962 the family went to live in Trinidad and Slade Hopkinson joined Derek Walcott's Trinidad Theatre Workshop and was a celebrated Corporal Lestrade in Dream on Monkey Mountain. He studied at the Yale Drama School on a Rockefeller scholarship between 1965 and 1966, taught at the University of Guyana (1966–68), then returned to the TTW. However, by 1970 there was a falling out with Walcott and he founded the Caribbean Theatre Guild in 1970.
His writing career began in 1954 with the publication of The Four and Other Poems; the plays, The Blood of a Family (1957), Fall of a Chief (1965), The Onliest Fisherman (1967), and Spawning of Eel (1968), rewritten as Sala and The Long Vacation. In 1976 the Government of Guyana published two companion collections of poetry, The Madwoman of Papine, which contained mainly his secular poems ranging over his Caribbean experiences, and The Friend, which contained his religious and philosophical poems, written in the process of discovering the teachings of the Sufis.
Hopkinson was also active in the "Anira" literary group, which operated out of the home of Martin Carter's mother and included Carter, Sydney Singh, Jan Carew, Milton Vishnu Williams and others.
In addition, Hopkinson wrote a couple of short stories, and his poetry was widely published in journals such as Bim, Savacou, New World and in anthologies such as Anansesem, The Penguin Book of Caribbean Verse and Voiceprint. Snowscape With Signature, a selection of the poems written between 1952 and 1992, was published by Peepal Tree Press in 1993, with an introductory memoir by Mervyn Morris.
Later life
Slade Hopkinson became a Muslim in 1964, changing his name to Abdhur Rahman Slade Hopkinson. By 1970 he was suffering from kidney failure and by 1973 was on regular dialysis, bringing to an end his acting career. He worked for the Jamaican Tourist Board for some years before moving to Canada as Vice-Consul for Guyana. Later he worked as a classroom assistant and teacher before taking long-term disability leave.
Abdhur-Rahman Slade Hopkinson, by then suffering a cancer of the kidneys, died just before the publication in 1993 of the Snowscape With Signature collection.
Selected works
The onliest fisherman: a medium-length play in 1-act. Kingston Extra-Mural Department of the University College of the West Indies, 1950.
The four: and other poems. [Barbados]: [Advocate Co.], 1954.
The madwoman of Papine: poems. Georgetown, Guyana: Ministry of Education and Social Development, 1976.
'Electric Eel Song'. In Stewart Brown, Mervyn Morris and Gordon Rohlehr, eds., Voiceprint: an anthology of oral and related poetry from the Caribbean, Harlow: Longman Caribbean, 1989.
'Marcus Aurelius and the Transatlantic Baakoo'. In Mervyn Morris, ed., The Faber Book of Contemporary Short Stories, London; Boston: Faber and Faber, 1990.
Snowscape With Signature: Poems, 1952-1992. Leeds, England: Peepal Tree, 1993.
External links
A Critical Appreciation of Abdur-Rahman Slade Hopkinson’s Marcus Aurelius and the Transatlantic Baakoo
Critical review of Snowscape With Signature
References
Guyanese poets
Guyanese dramatists and playwrights
Guyanese short story writers
Guyanese Muslims
Converts to Islam
Deaths from kidney cancer
1934 births
1993 deaths
David Geffen School of Drama at Yale University alumni
20th-century poets
People from New Amsterdam, Guyana | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdur%20Rahman%20Slade%20Hopkinson |
Bonze Adventure, known in Japan as , is a platform game released in arcades in 1988. It was later ported to the PC Engine by Taito.
Plot
Emma the King has lost his senses, causing him to lose order of his Underworld domain – enabling evil entities to roam freely. The player controls Bonze Kackremboh, a Buddhist priest who is son of the Divine Dragon. Kackremboh must now go on a journey to find and confront Emma. In order to find Emma, Bonze must survive against hordes of yokai, such as snakes, giant eyeballs, ghosts, kitsune, spiders, entities appearing to be hitodama/will-o'-the-wisp, as well as other evils.
Gameplay
The priest's weapons are Buddhist prayer beads, called "mala" beads, which can be powered up until they become almost as large as the priest himself. In times of difficulty, a deva often provides various power-ups to assist the priest's progress. In an unusual twist, the allotted time appears in the manner of melting candles, rather than a traditional timer. The game consists of several rounds: Dilapidated Backyard Cemetery, The Dead-or-Alive River, Burning Inferno, Bloody Pond, Glacier Trap, Lose-Your-Way-Maze, and finally Emma's Lair.
Reception
In Japan, Game Machine listed Bonze Adventure on their July 15, 1988 issue as being the third most-successful table arcade unit of the month.
Bonze Kackremboh later made an appearance in the Let's! TV Play Classic series in Kiki Kaikai Kackremboh.
References
External links
1988 video games
Side-scrolling platform games
TurboGrafx-16 games
Video games developed in Japan
Virtual Console games
Taito arcade games
Video games based on Buddhist mythology
Video games set in cemeteries | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonze%20Adventure |
Students of Georgetown Inc., commonly known as "The Corp" , is a 501(c)(3) non-profit public charitable organization at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., with seven subsidiary companies generating annual revenues in excess of $5 million. Only undergraduate students of Georgetown University work as employees or sit as members of the Corp's board of directors, distinguishing business operations at the Corp from other student-run companies such as Harvard Student Agencies, which allows non-students and alumni to serve as board members.
As a registered charity, The Corp's profits fund grants for student organizations, as well as scholarships for students, with each recipient being chosen by The Corp's Philanthropy Committee or board of directors.
Vital Vittles is the largest of seven businesses currently owned and operated by The Corp. Referred to by the company as "services", these businesses also include four campus coffee shops called Uncommon Grounds, More Uncommon Grounds (MUG), Midnight MUG, and Grounded, the catering service known as Corp Catering, a convenience store called Hoya Snaxa, and a "seasonal" service — Corp Storage — which only operate at the beginning and end of each semester for storage. Starting at the beginning of the 2014–2015 academic year, The Corp opened its newest storefront service, a salad and health foods service called The Hilltoss. Since 2016, Hilltoss has shared its location with Grounded.
History
The 1970s
1971
The Corp finds its roots on May 2, 1971. On the preceding day, large-scale May Day protests took place throughout Washington, D.C., ending in clashes between protesters and police. Protesters sought refuge from the Metropolitan Police Department by coming to the campus of Georgetown University where, on May 3, Rev. Robert J. Henle, S.J, the university's president, authorized the police department to use tear gas to disperse and remove the protesters. Many students were caught in the middle of the violence.
In October of that year, Student Body President Roger Cochetti and Vice President Nancy Kent determined that the only way to protect students' rights was to form a separate legal entity that would have the authority to challenge the university's actions. The student government subsequently incorporated the undergraduate students of Georgetown University as "shareholders" in a new organization called "Students of Georgetown, Inc." in order to provide a means of filing lawsuits on behalf of students against the university.
1972
On March 6, 1972, Students of Georgetown was officially incorporated as a non-profit organization in the District of Columbia.
Cochetti described the organization's goals as "to assert and protect the inherent rights of its members and the community" through the use of powers available to corporations, such as making contracts, borrowing money, and receiving property. The organization soon began using its independent status to develop and expand a number of new businesses designed for students' needs. It is not known when the organization formally adopted the name "The Corp."
Shortly thereafter, students began selling extremely low-cost yogurt and water on the university's Healy Lawn to fund the fledgling corporation—at times to the same demonstrators whose gassing had prompted the group's formation. The program, In September 1972 the Corp assumed control of The Book Co-op—another, older student-run business. The Book Co-op is the only Corp business to actually predate the Corp.
The Corp opened its first storefront called "The Record Co-op" or "Diemusbiederplatz" in the basement of New South Hall that same month.
1973
In 1973, the Corp expanded to open three new services.
In August, the Corp opened the Furniture Co-op to assist students living off-campus with the troublesome task of moving into and out of the often-cramped Georgetown Townhouses. In its first year the Furniture Co-op moved roughly 400 items.
On September 6, 1973, the Corp used a $14,000 grant from the university and $3,500 gift from Student Government to open its first shuttle service. The program, Corp Shuttles, was developed to provide transportation to and from the Alban Towers, student housing located roughly from the university's main campus. The program suffered from a lack of rider support and little to no funding. With the construction of new residence halls and apartment complexes on campus, the need for the service ended, and operations were re-absorbed by the university. Today the program has expanded to become the Georgetown University Transportation Shuttle (GUTS), which operates five bus circuits in the Washington Metropolitan area.
In November 1973, Corp Travel was opened. The new business provided much-needed travel assistance for the growing number of students who chose to study abroad during part of their college career. Today, roughly 40% of Georgetown University undergraduates study abroad before graduation.
1974
On January 25, 1974, the Corp finally sued Georgetown University, claiming that the university's actions on May 3, 1971, were discriminatory.
Three days later, The Corp opened Vital Vittles in the basement of the New South Hall dormitory. Vital Vittles (or "Vittles") was an expanded version of the original Food Co-op. Within the decade, the university would open its first large-scale dining hall in the same space.
In April 1974 the Corp sponsored the first annual Vincent Lombardi Tennis Tournament for charity. The tournament raised $6,000 in its first year and featured athletes such as Stan Smith and Jimmy Connors. The tournament lasted only three years, being discontinued in 1976 because of legal issues with the United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USLTA).
During the summer of 1974, Corp Travel separated from the Corp for various management reasons. It re-joined the Corp in 1979.
In October 1974, the Corp was denied tax-exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. That same month, the Corp helped start the Georgetown University Recycling Program.
1975
The year 1975 marked the first time that the Corp had been in existence since the arrival of all four contemporary undergraduate classes. As the corporation's founding generation moved on, its successors were left to face the problems associated with maintaining a large company, regaining tax-exempt status, and developing better relationships with the university it had just sued.
In January 1975 the Corp restructured its upper management, deciding to institutionalize one-year terms for its officer and managers. In February, the Corp agreed to pay rent to the university in order to solve legal questions related with the tax-exempt statuses of the Corp and the university itself. The new costs strained the company's ability to operate, and that summer the Record Co-op and Vital Vittles were forced to merge into one business, nicknamed "Audio Vittles."
While other parts of the Corp consolidated or were closed, the company continued to pursue new ventures. In September 1975 the Corp began Corp Concessions for athletic games. The university later canceled the concessions contract with the Corp in favor of Hoyas Unlimited, a booster club that hired work-study varsity athletes.
1976
In 1976 the Corp's board of directors voted to pay its top management for the first time.
1977
In 1977 the Corp began Summer Storage—a business that allowed students to store their belongings during the summer break. Though closed twice during the 1980s and redesigned five times, the business continues to operate today as Corp Student Storage.
In November 1977 Vital Vittles began selling bongs and condoms.
1978
Barely four months after Vital Vittles began to sell them, Georgetown University blocked the sale of condoms.
In April 1978, the Corp's board of directors voted to participate in a boycott of Nestle because of allegations that Nestle was selling baby food and baby formula in third world countries made with non-potable water.
Also in 1978, the Corp opened Corp Typing. Long before the mass-production of desktop printers, this service gave students the opportunity to have Corp employees type their papers for a fee. Corp Typing's sister service, Corp Copying, also opened in 1978.
1979
In 1979, the Corp moved Vital Vittles' non-food sales into the new Saxa Sundries drugstore, which opened in the basement of Georgetown University's Copley Hall.
Also in that year, the Corp was denied tax-exempt status for the second time.
The 1980s
1980
On September 23, 1980, the Corp applied for tax-exempt status for the third time.
1981
In March, the IRS awarded the Corp tax-exempt status—refunding several years of back taxes to the corporation.
Also in that year, the university canceled its contract with Corp Concessions in favor of Hoyas Unlimited.
In October, the board of directors changed the pay system for the Corp's officers and managers from a salary to a wage system.
1982
In January, the board of directors restructured the Corp's management again to include three officers: executive vice president, vice president of operations and vice president of finance.
Later that year the Corp opened the Alban Annex—a convenience store in the Alban Towers apartment complex similar to, but smaller than the Corp's Vital Vittles.
Also in 1982 the Corp expanded the role of its marketing divisions into Corp Advertising, which provided graphic design services for university clubs. That same year, the Corp closed its Summer Storage business. It was re-opened two years later.
In November, Saxa Sundries moved to the basement of Healy Hall.
1983
Throughout the 1980s the Corp struggled to redefine its relationship with its parent organization, the student government. In 1983 the Corp's board of directors renamed the position of executive vice president to president of students of Georgetown, Incorporated and officially recognized the student government president as chairman of the board of Students of Georgetown, Incorporated. This relationship placed additional strain on the Corp, which sought to uphold its independent status. By 1990, the Corp would break its ties with the student government altogether, and become a completely independent organization.
1985
In 1985, the Corp opened its new ice cream parlor, which was named The Cone Zone by a campus-wide "Name the Store" contest. The store suffered from its bad location and could not compete with Thomas Sweets' ice cream parlor only a few blocks away. It was closed by the end of 1986.
1986
In February 1986, the Corp's board of directors lifted its ban on the sale of condoms in its stores. However, the move proved to be largely symbolic as no Corp service has sold condoms since the university banned their sales in Vital Vittles in 1977.
1988, 1989
Apart from its initial creation, the single most significant event in the history of the Corp was the construction of the Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center. After the building's construction, the Corp transferred its main office and all of its services to the new building. The services at the time included Vital Vittles; Saxa Sundries, which was later incorporated into Vital Vittles; Corp Travel, which closed in 2000; Movie Mayhem, which was replaced with MovieMayhem.org in 2005; Corp Typing (a resume and term paper typing service that closed in the early '90s); and Corp Advertising, which was closed and internalized as the Corp Marketing Department in 1997.
The 1990s
In the 1990s, the Corp formally severed all of its ties with Georgetown University. What had once been an independent organization operated by the university's student government developed as a completely autonomous company.
In 1991, the Corp celebrated its 20th birthday with a weekend full of events on campus and specials in the stores. The Conelles played in McDonough parking lot, door prizes were awarded at the pub, and the comedian Jake Johansen was brought to Gaston Hall. Both the Conelles show and the Jake Johansen show were free to students.
The controversy over condoms erupted again in 1992 when the Corp again tried to sell them in Saxa Sundries. As part of its lease at the Leavy Center, the Corp had to have a university-approved product list, which it did. On that list included the item of "health aids". Corp management solicited input from the medical and nursing schools that condoms were indeed "health aids" and thus were permitted by the lease. Condoms were ordered and delivered to Saxa's stock room for eventual placement on the shelves. Management informed the university of this planned action, at which time the university stated that it did not consider condoms an approved item under the lease. The university also pointed out that the lease stated if an "offending" product was not removed from the store's shelves within 24 hours of a university protest, the university would exercise its rights as landlord to temporarily close the Corp's stores until the items were removed. On the eve of the planned stocking of condoms on Saxa's shelves, management held a General Meeting to assess the reaction of Corp employees to this possible closure action. The majority of employees argued against stocking the condoms, saying that by putting the Corp in jeopardy of being closed, management was not truly serving the students. Given this argument, management reversed course and decided not to stock the condoms. The supply in the Saxa's storeroom was donated to other organizations on campus.
Also in 1991–92, several major capital expenditures were made: The back offices were remodeled with new desks, a new phone system, and new computers; and a new Point-of-Sale system was purchased for Vittles and Saxas. Saxa's main supplier was switched to McKesson, and Vittles became the largest independent seller of Coke products in the mid-Atlantic region.
In 1994, the Corp won a bid to construct Georgetown University's first coffee shop in the university's Leavey Center. Beating out bids from rival companies, the Corp opened Uncommon Grounds a year later.
In 1995, the Corp decided to consolidate Vital Vittles (food products) and Saxa Sundries (non-food products), tearing down the wall between them and creating one combined greater store. They decided to keep the name Vital Vittles for the new store as it had a registered trademark.
In 1999, the Corp built upon the success of Uncommon Grounds and opened a second coffee shop, More Uncommon Grounds (MUG) in the lobby of Georgetown University's Intercultural Center.
In 1997 Corp Advertising was closed and internalized as Corp Marketing Department, the organization's chief marketing division.
The 2000s: The Corp today
In 2000, the Corp closed its Corp Travel business and opened a film developing store called Full Exposure (FX). FX was closed five years later.
In 2003, the Corp opened its third coffee shop, The Midnight MUG, in Georgetown University's Lauinger Library.
In 2004, the Corp launched www.TheCorp.org and began to use a website to conduct the Book Co-op service more efficiently.
In 2005, the Corp closed its Full Exposure film developing service and Movie Mayhem video delivery store, and created Corp Information Technology and MovieMayhem.org.
In 2007, the Corp terminated its ailing MovieMayhem.org service, citing a failure to generate profits, inability to compete with business such as NetFlix and iTunes, and a lack of student demand for a campus-based DVD delivery service. The last deliveries were made to students in December and the Web site was permanently taken offline.
Later that month, the Corp launched a new Web site, CorpStorage.org, which modified the existing Student Storage business model to allow for online purchasing. The new site also allows for expanded Corp e-commerce across all services.
In 2014, the Corp opened the doors to a smoothie, açai bowl, salad, and health-food shop, The Hilltoss. Located inside the Healey Family Family Student Center, the idea was crowd sourced from the student body in 2012 and provides a healthy dining option on the south side of campus.
In 2016, the Corp incorporated its latest coffee shop, Grounded, into the same location as Hilltoss. Grounded offers many breakfast-adjacent food and drink options.
Current businesses
The Food Corp, or Vital Vittles (est. 1972, 1974)
The descendant of the Corp's oldest original business, the Food Co-op, Vital Vittles is the Corp's oldest and largest original business, employing over fifty students. The Food Co-op began its operations as a fruit and yogurt stand for the newly created Corp in 1972 and joined the Book Co-op and the Record Co-op in the basement of Healy Hall. Two years later, the Corp expanded its food selection by moving the business into the larger basement of the New South Hall dormitory. The popularity of the location prompted the university to establish its first large dining hall in that space.
The Food Co-op, now operating under the name Vital Vittles, later moved back to the basement of Georgetown University's Healy Hall, then to the basement of the university's Copley Hall dormitory. In 1989 it moved for the final time when the Corp moved all of its operations to the new Thomas and Dorothy Leavey Center, where it shared a space with Saxa Sundries. When Saxa Sundries closed its operations, the space of both stores was combined into one, allowing for the expansion of Vital Vittles into a large grocery store.
Student Storage (est. 1977, 1980, 1982, 1990, 2005, 2007)
Corp Summer Storage was founded in 1977 as a summer storage service for Georgetown undergraduates, ostensibly providing an option more convenient than leaving belongings with friends. In 1982 the service was closed, only to be re-opened again in 1984. In 1990, a shipping element was added to the service, which became Corp Shipping & Storage. However, with the introduction of several competing shipping services close to campus, the Corp found that there was little market for the new addition. In 2005, the service transformed itself once again into Student Storage, which offers storage for the summer break, as well as study-abroad storage for semester and year-long terms.
The final transformation of Corp Student Storage took place in December, 2007, with the launch of a new Web site, Storage.theCorp.org. The new site eliminated the need for paper contracts, making the service one of the first Corp services to dramatically reduce its environmental impact. The new site allows for greater competition with off-campus storage competitors, while still allowing the Corp to offer students the lowest prices.
Uncommon Grounds (est. 1994)
The first of three coffee shops opened by the Corp, Uncommon Grounds was begun as a joint project by the Corp and the Georgetown University Office of Student Affairs.
One of the newest undertakings of Uncommon Grounds has been a "drink of the month" program. Every month, the proceeds from the sale of one specialized drink are donated to a charity chosen by the coffee shop in an effort to further the philanthropic purpose of the company.
Uncommon Grounds also provides a catering service under the name of Uncommon Catering. In 2007, Uncommon Catering took its catering to a new level by catering GAAP (Georgetown Admissions Ambassadors Program) Weekends. This was crucial as it exposed Uncommon Catering to a wider audience within Georgetown and immediately increased demand. This was also significant in that it was the first time any Corp service competed directly with Marriott for the GAAP weekend catering contact. The newfound demand for Uncommon Catering, unfortunately, outweighed the number of the employees at Uncommon Grounds and Uncommon Catering began exploring the feasibility of expanding as its own service. As it currently stands, Uncommon Catering is continuing to grow and is working internally to spin off from Uncommon Grounds to become its own service within the corporation.
MUG (More Uncommon Grounds, est. 1999)
MUG was opened in 1999 in the Galeria of the Georgetown University Intercultural Center. It began as a mobile coffee cart, an extension of Uncommon Grounds. In the last few years, though, it has established itself as a full coffee service for the Corp.
The Midnight MUG (est. 2003)
The Midnight MUG is the newest stand-alone coffee shop operated by the Corp. It was developed in partnership with the Georgetown University Lauinger Library, where it is located. Of all seven external services in the Corp, the Midnight Mug generates the most revenue. "Midnight," as students have been known to call it colloquially, embodies the Corp's motto of students serving students through its Drink of the Month program, similar to Uncommon Grounds's, and the Office Hours program which sometimes discounts purchases for students and teaching assistants using the space for office hours (but not always). Midnight operates the most extensive hours of any service in the Corp opening at 8 am on weekdays and staying open until 2 am on weeknights.
Hoya Snaxa (est. 2003)
In 2003, after more than three years and $188 million in development, Georgetown University completed construction on its largest dormitory structure, the Southwest Quadrangle. Anticipating the needs of the Quad's 900+ residents, the Corp opened a convenience store on the ground floor of the structure's central dormitory, Kennedy Hall. The Corp sponsored a campus-wide contest in the spring of 2003 that gave Georgetown students the opportunity to name the new store. The winning entry, Hoya Snaxa, is a clever take on the university's sporting cheer, "Hoya Saxa!" Although cashiers were hired in the spring of 2003, Hoya Snaxa's original management team consisted of employees "borrowed" from the Corp's flagship grocery store, Vital Vittles.
In an effort to meet the demands of its customers, Hoya Snaxa gradually added new products throughout its second year, including ice cream, Phillies cigars, and concert tickets. These expansions proved profitable; in its second fiscal year, Hoya Snaxa posted its first-ever positive net income, with revenues up 21% from the previous year.
During its third year of operations, Hoya Snaxa expanded its services to include sandwiches, Skoal tobacco products, and hummus. A slushie machine was installed in the summer of 2005. Although revenues continued to climb nearly 24% from the year before, the store's gross profit dropped 3% during its third fiscal year. It was near the end of this year that Hoya Snaxa reached $1 million in cumulative revenues.
Corp Catering (est. 2007)
Founded in 2007, Corp Catering provides a wide range of products to the Georgetown community, including: breakfast platters (bagels, muffins, assorted fruits), flavored beverages and coffee, party snacks and trays, and much more. Catering continues to experience tremendous growth, with the highest gross profit among all Corp internet Services and revenues in excess of $150,000 for fiscal 2012. In the spring of 2013, Catering revamped its website to include a more user-friendly experience and to emphasize its focus on high-quality, affordable offerings with professional service.
The Hilltoss (est. 2014)
The Hilltoss is the Corp's newest location. Founded in 2014, it serves a variety of organic salads, smoothies and acai bowls. In 2016, Grounded, the newest Corp coffee shop, was also incorporated into the location. The Hilltoss is located in the new student center, the Healey Family Student Center, which is located on the ground floor of New South Hall, where the university's main dining hall resided until 2003. The Hilltoss opened along with the HFSC in early November 2014, and was incorporated into construction plans for the building.
Grounded (est. 2016)
Grounded is the Corp's newest coffee and dining option. Established as an addition to Hilltoss in 2016, grounded offers a variety of coffees, teas, specialty drinks and toasts, and bagel sandwiches.
Departments
Corp Accounting
Directed by the controller and reporting to the chief financial officer, Corp Accounting tracks the organization's cash flow and investments. Because many Corp services have developed different business models, the Corp Accounting department centralizes the Corp's sprawling accounting needs. Individual services are assigned one or two accountants that work with the service director to monitor purchasing as well as store operations.
The accounting department adopts a similar structure to other Corp services with a service Upper Management. The Upper Management consists of the controller, an assistant controller/director of POS accounting, a director of personnel, and an accounts payable manager.
Corp Accounting provides its employees with a fundamental understanding of how the company is run. It is the last line of defense that ensures the continual operation of the services.
Corp POps
The Corp's People Operations Department has a staff of four managers— the director of POps oversees the department and serves on The Corp's upper management, the director of POps Operations handles payroll, federal work study and employee systems, the director of employee relations oversees a team of directors of personnel for each service, and the director of professional development works with Corp employees as they search for internships and full-time post graduate opportunities. The Corp became a federal work study employer through Georgetown University in 2005.
Corp IT
Corp Information Technology was created in 2005 as the Corp's internal technologies management department to deal with the organization's increasing systems and network administration needs. Later that year it was awarded a contract to construct the website for the Georgetown University Prince Alwaleed Center for Muslim–Christian Understanding.
Corp Marketing
The Corp Marketing Department was originally an internal marketing division of the Corp. In 1982, it was expanded as a business called Corp Advertising and provided graphic design services for Georgetown University student clubs. In 1997, Corp Advertising was closed due to decreased business and re-internalized as the Corp Marketing Department. It once again serves as the Corp's internal marketing division.
Corp Capital
Corp Capital was established in 2011 as an internal $50,000 investment fund with a focus on education and training for its members.
Philanthropy Committee
The Corp Philanthropy Committee (CPC) was founded in 2005. The committee is responsible for the entire Corp Philanthropy budget. The CPC also is charged with administering Corp Scholarship. The CPC was created to help those groups and students on campus who could not find funding otherwise. Its composition includes one member from each business—or "service"—as well as, an at-large Corpie, and an at-large member from the student body. The CPC is run by a chairman and a vice chair. The chairman is an at-large member of the Corp board of directors.
Board projects
Turkey Shuttles
The Turkey Shuttles program was established as a board project in 2004 and continues today. The Turkey Shuttles provide low-cost bus transit for Georgetown University students on their way to Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, Washington Dulles International Airport, Baltimore-Washington Thurgood Marshall International Airport, and Union Station before the Thanksgiving holiday. Estimates suggest that the Turkey Shuttles program saved Georgetown students roughly $7,000 in transportation costs during each of its first two years in operation.
Bunny Shuttles
The Bunny Shuttles program was established in the spring of 2006 as a sister-program to the Turkey Shuttles service project begun two years earlier, but ended because of a severe lack of interest and profitability in 2011. Like Turkey Shuttles, Bunny Shuttles provided low-cost bus transit for Georgetown University students on their way to Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, Washington Dulles International Airport, Baltimore-Washington Thurgood Marshall International Airport, and Union Station before the Easter holiday.
Past businesses
Over the years, The Corp has closed several businesses which failed to generate revenue it saw as sufficient to fund the organization's needs. A list of these businesses includes an ice cream store called The Cone Zone and the Full Exposure film developing business. One business, the Saxa Sundries drug store, was annexed by its sister business, the Vital Vittles grocery store, which continues to operate today.
References
External links
Students of Georgetown, Inc. homepage
Student organizations established in 1972
Non-profit organizations based in Washington, D.C.
Georgetown University student organizations
1972 establishments in Washington, D.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Students%20of%20Georgetown%20Inc. |
Tropical Depression is a four-song EP released by Elephant Micah in February 2006 for his spring mini-tour. The CD was a limited edition of 100 (now sold out) that came in a numbered, potato-stamped sleeve.
Track listing
"Ways"
"Old Globe/Gentle Riders"
"Soberer"
"Passage"
2006 EPs
Elephant Micah albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical%20Depression%20%28EP%29 |
Samuels' Cave, also known as Brown's Cave, Pictured Cave, or Mystery Cave, is a prehistoric, naturally formed rock shelter located in La Crosse County, Wisconsin. The cave contains petroglyphs and pictographs from the Native Americans who lived in the area. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.
The cave is a deep hole in the sandstone, discovered in 1878 by 18-year-old Frank Samuel while trapping raccoons. He squeezed into a hole that an animal had dug in a bank and emerged into a dark cavity. On the walls the young coon-hunter found simple images left by people before him. That winter some local boys built fires inside their secret cave and carved their own names on the walls.
The following summer the Rev. Edward Brown visited Samuels' cave. He traced the carvings and persuaded Frank's father to open the mouth of the cave and protect the interior. Brown reported the finding to the State Geologist and the State Historical Society, and they sent antiquarian archaeologist John Rice to direct excavation of the floor. They uncovered four layers of ashes separated by layers of clean sand ten to fourteen inches thick. The second layer contained sherds of pottery made from clay and ground shells. The third layer contained more elaborate pottery, bivalve shells, and a bone tool. Brown and Rice interpreted the layers as four occupations of the cave with long intervals of vacancy between. When the rock shelter was occupied, its mouth had been fifteen feet wide, but a landslide had sealed it until the animal burrowed through. Based on trees growing on the landslide, Brown and Rice estimated the landslide had occurred at least 150 years before. Modern archeologists recognize the shell-tempered pottery that Brown described as a hallmark of the Oneota people, so at least some of the artwork was probably produced by them, which places it from 1300 to 1625 A.D.
Some images on the walls were carved and some were painted. There were animals which Brown interpreted as bisons, lynx, rabbit, otter, badger, elk and heron. One panel showed a hunter and an elk. Another showed a hunter pointing a bow and arrow at a deer, with a child behind him. Another showed a human figure with a head-dress, which Brown interpreted as a chief. Other designs were indecipherable.
In 1984 archaeologists from the Mississippi Valley Archaeological Center at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse visited Samuels' Cave and noticed a panel of charcoal drawings on the back wall which had not been recorded before. (Photos of some of these drawings are online at MVAC's Rock Art website, linked among the notes below.)
Many of the images in the cave were pretty intact when Frank Samuel found them in 1878, since they had been protected by the landslide for many years. But once the mouth of the cave was reopened, moisture and temperature changes resumed working away at the sandstone. Over the years many people visited the cave, some carving their own marks on the walls. After all this, many of the prehistoric images have been badly damaged, so the cave is no longer open to the public.
Notes
External links
Article about Bell Coulee Shelter and Samuels' Cave, National Speleological Society, Inc., March 2005
Landforms of La Crosse County, Wisconsin
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin
Rock shelters in the United States
Native American history of Wisconsin
Caves of Wisconsin
Geography of La Crosse County, Wisconsin
National Register of Historic Places in La Crosse County, Wisconsin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuels%27%20Cave |
David S. Yassky is an American lawyer and politician. He was a member of the New York City Council from 2002 until 2009, the chairperson of the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission, and the Dean of Pace University School of Law from April 2014 to April 2018.
In 2006, Yassky ran for U.S. Congress in Brooklyn, losing to Yvette Clarke, and in 2009 he ran a losing campaign for the Democratic nomination for New York City Comptroller. In 2022, he ran in the primary for the New York State Senate.
Education
The son of a prominent lawyer and an entertainment executive, Yassky attended the Dalton School on Manhattan's Upper East Side, Princeton University and Yale Law School.
Career
He was a budget analyst for the New York City Mayor's Office of Management and Budget. He then served as chief counsel to the House Subcommittee on Crime, a subcommittee chaired by Charles Schumer. Yassky was a member of the faculty of the Brooklyn Law School.
City Council
Yassky was elected to the New York City Council in 2001, representing the 33rd district, which includes parts of downtown Brooklyn, including Brooklyn Heights, Greenpoint, Williamsburg, DUMBO, Boerum Hill and Park Slope. He was chair of the Council's Small Business Committee.
Yassky was one of 29 council members who voted in 2008 to extend term limits for themselves effectively ignoring two previous public votes imposing a limit of two terms. Hours before the final vote on term limits, Yassky proposed an amendment from the floor that would have altered the legislation to require approval by popular vote before term limits could change. The amendment failed by a vote of 28-22, but Yassky voted for the extension anyway.
2006 Congressional campaign
In 2006, Yassky ran for the Democratic Party's nomination for the 11th Congressional District seat, an open seat held by the retiring Congressman Major Owens. He was part of a four-way race which also included New York State Senator Carl Andrews, New York City Council member Yvette D. Clarke and Major Owens's son Chris Owens.
During the primary, Major Owens called Yassky a "colonizer," and Al Sharpton called Yassky "greedy." City Council member Albert Vann sent an email to Black elected officials stating that "we are in peril of losing a 'Voting Rights' district ... as a result of the well financed candidacy of Council Member David Yassky, a white individual." The area had been represented by politicians of African or Caribbean descent since the election of Shirley Chisholm in 1968.
In August 2006, The New York Times endorsed Yassky, citing his "stellar record on the Council" and criticizing his rivals for not making a substantial case for their election, and the Democratic leadership within Brooklyn for failing to find qualified Black candidates for this seat.
In a primary election held on September 12, 2006, Yassky garnered 26% of the popular vote. The winner was Yvette Clarke, with about 30%.
2009 Comptroller election
In 2009, Yassky ran for the office of New York City Comptroller. He was endorsed by Ed Koch and his former boss, Sen. Charles Schumer. The New York Times on August 23, 2009, attributed its endorsement to his "skill, intelligence, and independence." In the Democratic primary held on September 15, 2009, Yassky was the runner-up with 107,474 votes, or approximately 30% of the votes cast. He lost in the run-off with 44.4% of the vote to John Liu, who had more support among union members and minority groups.
NYC Taxi and Limousine Commission
Yassky was named chairman of the Taxi and Limousine Commission in 2010. During his tenure he promoted the Taxi of Tomorrow program, which required the variety of the automobiles making up the 13,000 NYC yellow cabs to be replaced by the Nissan NV200. By 2018, only 2,671 of the 12,000 medallion holder were driving the NV200 and the requirement was reversed, stating that the reversal was intended to give drivers more choices. The New York Times noted that "the decision [came] at a time when the yellow taxi industry is in financial free-fall, decimated by the extraordinary rise of ride-hailing apps like Uber and Lyft." Yassky quit the TLC in 2013 after incoming mayor Bill de Blasio announced his intention to replace him.
Pace University School of Law
Yassky became dean of Pace University School of Law in April 2014. Yassky stepped down as dean in 2018. Yassky briefly campaigned for a State Senate seat, and when the Pace faculty and students learned of this, he told the Pace faculty that he knew he would not be selected for the seat.
Personal life
Yassky has been married to Metropolitan Opera CFO Diana Fortuna since 1990, and they live in Brooklyn Heights with their two daughters.
References
External links
David Yassky for NYC Comptroller
New York City Council members
People from Brooklyn Heights
Jewish American people in New York (state) politics
Dalton School alumni
Princeton University alumni
Yale Law School alumni
1964 births
Living people
New York (state) Democrats
Deans of law schools in the United States
Pace University faculty
Brooklyn Law School faculty
21st-century American Jews | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Yassky |
(Spanish for "Thursday") is a Spanish weekly satirical magazine based in Barcelona.
Throughout most of its life, El Jueves'''s masthead has featured the tagline "" ("the magazine that comes out on Wednesdays"). Its mascot is a nameless jester, known simply as "el bufón", who is always fully naked, except for his bell-bearing hat.
HistoryEl Jueves debuted on 27 May 1977, at a time when satirical magazines were highly popular in Spain despite the scant freedom of the press. Its founder, Josep Ilario, creator of other humor magazines such as Barrabás and Por favor, wished El Jueves to be an adult version of Bruguera's model of children's magazines, made of character-focused comic strips lampooning stereotypes of contemporary Spanish society. El Jueves was inspired from La Codorniz.
Its first editors, cartoonists Tom, Romeu and J. L. Martín, drew inspiration from French magazines such as Hara-Kiri and Charlie Hebdo, which they admired for their extremely irreverent tone. Its first director was journalist José Luis Erviti. Among the contributors in the first issue was Joaquim Aubert "Kim", whose comic strip "Martínez El Facha" (an archetypal Spanish Falange militant and Franco nostalgic) had the longest run in the history of the magazine, appearing without interruption for 1,972 weeks.
Some other of its earliest and most emblematic contributors were Óscar Nebreda, Ventura y Nieto, Gin, Mariel, and Ramón Tosas Ivà, whose most successful comic-strip, starring the street-wise delinquent "Makinavaja", has been adapted into a play, two feature films, and a television series.
The magazine was acquired by publishing group Grupo Zeta in October 1977. In 1982 Grupo Zeta sold El Jueves to its directors J. L. Martín, Óscar Nebreda and Gin, who went on to incorporate Ediciones El Jueves. Throughout the 80s, 90s and early 2000s, their company grew vastly and published several other magazines with a spin-off spirit, such as Puta Mili and Mister K. It also expanded into film and television production.
Following the deaths of several important contributors in the 90s (Gin, Ivá, Nieto and cartoonist Jaume Perich), a younger generation of artists joined in and became iconic collaborators. Among them are Manel Fontdevila and Albert Monteys, both of whom served as directors. Other contributors of international fame are Jordi Bernet, Miguelanxo Prado, Pasqual Ferry and Joan Cornellà.
In 2007 RBA Edipresse acquired Ediciones El Jueves.
Profile
A regular issue of El Jueves consists of 70-80 pages, about a quarter of them focused on current social/political affairs and popular culture. The rest are weekly comic strips and a few text-based sections. El Jueves has a leftist political stance and a critical approach.
Some enduring sections of El Jueves include ("We had more covers"), a collection of alternative cover cartoons summarizing the week's events, and ("Douchebag of the week"), a tongue-in-cheek award to the most stupid public deed or remark seen in the news, often given to politicians.
The 2008 circulation of the magazine was 77,495 copies.
Controversies
2007 seizure
The 18 July 2007 edition of El Jueves was sequestered on 20 July for an alleged violation of laws 490.3 and 491 on insults to the Crown in their cover cartoon. Written by Manel Fontdevila and drawn by Guillermo Torres, the cartoon showed the Prince of Asturias (later King of Spain Felipe VI) and his wife having sex. Under the heading "€2,500 per child" (alluding to the socialist government's plan to give that sum for each baby born to married couples with legal residence in Spain), the prince says: "Do you realize? If you get pregnant, this will be the nearest thing to work I've done in my life!" On 13 November 2007, Guillermo Torres and Manel Fontdevila were found guilty of "vilifying the crown in the most gratuitous and unnecessary way", and were fined €3,000 each.
Reporters Without Borders, in their annual report, discussed the sentence as evidence of "slightly curtailed" freedom of the press in Spain. The magazine appealed the sentence to the Constitutional Court of Spain, which refused to hear the appeal on the grounds that the matter lacked "any constitutional significance," thus confirming the sentence. The magazine announced that it would bring the case to the European Court of Human Rights, willing to make clear that neither Torres nor Fontdevila committed any crime.
2014 resignations
On 5 and 6 June 2014, 14 senior cartoonists from El Jueves, including former editors Manel Fontdevila and Albert Monteys, announced their resignation, citing a dispute over another front cover cartoon that publisher RBA had censored. The cartoon, appearing on the same week king Juan Carlos I announced his abdication, showed the king passing on a crown of steaming excrement to his son Prince Felipe. The cartoon was agreed upon in a special editorial meeting on the same Monday of the announcement, but the publisher withdrew it on Tuesday, after it was printed. On Wednesday, the editorial staff were told not to allude to the royal family in the front cover. Monteys said: "That was a shot right in the back of the neck of El Jueves", later adding, "The heart, the essence of El Jueves died on Wednesday". A new online monthly publication, , was launched later that year by the cartoonists that walked out from El Jueves.
2019 Dalas complaint
In December 2019 Spanish YouTuber Dalas Review uploaded a twenty-minute video discussing the complaint he filed against El Jueves for libel upon some 2018 cartoons by artist Irene Márquez in which he was branded a "pedophile, macho, retrograde, and stupid". One of them portrayed Dalas filming himself while masturbating with his penis in hand. Dalas was also featured in a special issue of El Jueves commemorating the greatest "Douchebags of 2018". El Jueves director Guille Martínez-Vela speaking for newspaper 20 minutos said the lawsuit was baseless and defended the magazine's posture invoking animus iocandi'', a Latin locution used in law meaning "intended as a joke" (later said complaint was archived). In May 2021, the magazine published an article titled "La basura mental de Dalas Review" and other article where several Spanish youtubers and streamers were portrayed, including Dalas.
See also
List of magazines in Spain
References
External links
Orgullo y satisfacción official site
1977 establishments in Spain
Satirical magazines published in Spain
Fictional jesters
Magazines established in 1977
Magazine mascots
Magazines published in Barcelona
Spanish humour
Spanish comics titles
Comics magazines published in Spain
Spanish-language magazines
Weekly magazines published in Spain
Censorship in Spain
Male characters in comics
Male characters in advertising
Mascots introduced in 1977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Jueves |
"Oxbow Lakes" is a single by ambient house artists The Orb. It featured remixes from artists such as Carl Craig, Sabres of Paradise and A Guy Called Gerald. It also includes an acoustic version performed by the string sextet Instrumental which was produced and mixed by Darren Allison. It reached number thirty-eight on the UK Singles Chart.
References
External links
The Orb songs
1995 singles
1995 songs
Island Records singles
Music videos directed by Mike Lipscombe | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxbow%20Lakes |
Port Morris is a mixed use, primarily industrial neighborhood geographically located in the southwest Bronx, New York City. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 1. Its boundaries are the Major Deegan Expressway and Bruckner Expressway to the north, East 149th Street to the east, the East River to the southeast, the Bronx Kill to the south, and the Harlem River (Park Avenue stub) to the west. Its ZIP Code is 10454 and 10451. The neighborhood is served by the NYPD's 40th Precinct.
Oak Point, the southern tip of the South Bronx, is in Port Morris; it contains the Oak Point Yard. The area is also traversed by the Bruckner Expressway, a major freeway. Most of the neighborhood is within walking distance from several stations of IRT Pelham Line ().
Demographics
Port Morris predominantly consists of Latin Americans (primarily Puerto Rican), African Americans as well as a small white population concentrated mainly in the western portion of Bruckner Boulevard. Almost half of the population lives below the federal poverty line and receives public assistance (TANF, Home Relief, Supplemental Security Income, and Medicaid). Nonetheless, the median income is significantly higher than that of other South Bronx neighborhoods. This is likely due to recent rezoning to increase commercial and residential activity in the area.
Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Mott Haven and Port Morris was 52,413, a change of 3,383 (6.5%) from the 49,030 counted in 2000. Covering an area of , the neighborhood had a population density of .
The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 1.7% (867) White, 24.7% (12,927) African American, 0.2% (95) Native American, 0.4% (214) Asian, 0% (7) Pacific Islander, 0.2% (124) from other races, and 0.6% (310) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 72.3% (37,869) of the population.
History
The history of Port Morris, as with other neighborhoods, is sometimes confused by the lack of fixed official boundaries. Late in the 20th century the name was sometimes applied to the area to the west, into Mott Haven. Mott Haven by older definition lies to the west rather than north of Port Morris.
Settlement
There is some evidence that a British paymaster ship went down off Port Morris's coast during the American Revolutionary War with millions of dollars in gold aboard. The cargo has never been recovered.
The name comes from a deep water port established along the neighborhood's East River (Long Island Sound) waterfront by Gouverneur Morris Jr., son of Gouverneur Morris, in 1842. He built a two-mile (3 km) railroad from Melrose to his family's holdings on the waterfront, later called the Spuyten Duyvil and Port Morris Railroad, abandoned a hundred years later.
Development
The area is dominated by factory and warehouse buildings constructed in the mid-to-late 19th century, convenient to the railroad yards, of which the Oak Point Yard is the main survivor. Notable early businesses were the R. Hoe Co.; Cutler & Hammer Tool Works; Mothers Friend Shirt Waist factory (1888) at Willow Avenue between East 135th and 136th Streets; and the Estey Piano Company Factory (now designated a city landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission). While many of the early industrial buildings remain, they are little used for manufacturing anymore.
In the 1870s the Mott Haven Canal emptied out into the Western Port Morris riverfront serving industry in the Mott Haven area. After being declared a "nuance" by the Board of Health in 1896 the canal was slowly re-filled, its last segment being in use until 1960s. Today only a small indentation in the Harlem River remains
The area was the site of the Hell Gate generating plant of Consolidated Edison, where George Metesky, the Mad Bomber who plagued New York City for decades, was injured.
The most notable architectural/engineering feature of Port Morris is the northern approach to the Hell Gate Bridge supported by concrete arches (1917) northward from East 132nd Street, between Willow & Walnut Avenues. Plans are afoot to extend the South Bronx Greenway to Randalls Island, crossing Bronx Kill via the Randall's Island Connector under Hell Gate Bridge. The Connector opened in November 2015.
A wave of arson during the 1970s destroyed or damaged many residential, commercial, and industrial structures in the area. Late in the century industry began to return to Port Morris. Many abandoned residential buildings are also being rehabilitated and designated low income housing.
Re-zoning
In 1997 the New York City council created the "Port Morris Special Mixed-used District", the site of the first special mixed-use district (MX-1) resulting in the rehabilitation of several blocks of residential row-houses between Bruckner Boulevard and East 134th Street in an area which only previously allowed industrial uses. Following the success of the 1997 re-zoning, the city further expanded this district in 2005 to include all of western Port Morris (south of Major Deegan Expressway and west of RFK Bridge). In December 2017 the city council approved the expansion of the "Special Harlem River Waterfront District" to cover two super blocks in western Port Morris. This latest rezoning allowed high-density mixed-used development along the banks of the Harlem River from Lincoln Avenue north through Mott Haven up to 150th Street in Concourse Village.
Redevelopment and gentrification
The neighborhood has been experiencing massive revitalization with many historic warehouses, factories and various manufacturing buildings being converted into lofts. The former Estey Piano Corp factory, now The Clock Tower, has the restaurant Charlies Bar & Kitchen operating on the ground level. Port Morris has become a burgeoning community of artists and other young professionals looking for more reasonable options outside of Manhattan. Efforts by the New York Restoration Project are underway to revive the waterfront in an area that historically suffers from high asthma rates. This will create much-needed green space for the community. As a result of these changes, the neighborhood is slowly becoming a hub for upscale eateries in the South Bronx. Additionally, in 2015, Silvercup Studios announced it would convert a 115,000-square-foot warehouse at 295 Locust Avenue for film and television productions. Silvercup North, as the facility was known, opened in mid-2016.
The Piano District is the name proposed by two developers for Port Morris. The two developers, Somerset Partners and The Chetrit Group, purchased two riverfront properties for $58 million with the goals of establishing luxury residences and retail. However, there is opposition to the renaming, and critics and proponents have accused one another of racism. The developers were criticized by Melissa Mark-Viverito, the president of the New York City Council for conducting a Halloween rave, attended by numerous celebrities and featuring flaming trash cans and hulks of burnt-out and bullet-riddled cars. Mark-Viverito accused the developers of a lack of empathy and basic awareness.
Additional developments continued to take place at Port Morris. In June 2016, the Bluestone Group purchased a former factory building at 825 East 141st Street for $44 million; That building was renovated in 2019 and became Union Crossing, a mixed-use development with offices, retail spaces, and studios. In 2020, renting commenced for The Arches at 224-228 East 135th Street, the first market-rate high-rise rental development in Port Morris. Another rental development at 101 Bruckner Boulevard, with 55 units, was announced in early 2021. In addition, Brookfield Properties is currently developing "Bankside", a complex of seven high-rise residential towers on the banks of the Harlem River with over 1,350 units. The first phase at 2401 Third Avenue was topped out during 2021. Bankside will include a public esplanade along the Harlem River A high-rise residential development was announced at 2455 Third Avenue in late 2021. The development is now marketed as "The Motto" with rentals slated for Q4 2023.
A 27-story residential market-rate development at 2413 Third Avenue broke ground in October 2021 marketed as "Maven: Mott Haven" which is set for completion in the fall of 2023. Permits were filed in late 2021 for a mixed-development 11-story project at 188 East 135th currently in demolition and brownfield site cleanup stage. Along the Bruckner Boulevard corridor there ongoing mid-rise mixed-use residential development at 40, 91, and 138 Bruckner.
Land use
Port Morris contains a variety of zoning districts ranging from manufacturing, commercial, residential, and mixed-use. The eastern half of Port Morris contains primarily light industrial, warehousing and distribution uses guided by the Port Morris Industrial Business Zone. The Bruckner Boulevard corridor is primarily a mixed-use corridor transitioning from previous industrial uses to commercial and residential usage spurred by the Port Morris Special Mixed-Use District re-zoning laws. The western end of Port Morris is rapidly transitioning from light-industrial uses to high-density residential developments along the newly created "Special Harlem River Waterfront District". The area centered in Alexander Avenue-Bruckner Blvd is now the main commercial corridor in the neighborhood with a growing crop of restaurants and other services.
Landmarked buildings
City landmarks
Two structures in Port Morris have been land-marked by the city's Landmarks Preservation Commission. The Estey Piano Company Factory, now referred to as the "Clock Tower", is located at the corner of Lincoln and Bruckner Boulevard. While the Clock Tower is now a commercial and residential building it is reminiscent of the time period in which Port Morris was a hub for piano manufacturing in the city. At least one piano manufacturer remains in the neighborhood.
The Bronx Grit Chamber is a 1937 Neo-classical structure located at East 132nd Street and St. Ann's Avenue, built as part of the larger sewage treatment complex in Wards Island. The Bronx Grit Chamber processes raw sewage by removing large particles on its way to further treatment at the Wards Island Water Pollution Control Plant. It is currently managed by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection.
National Register of Historic Places listings
Port Morris Ferry Bridges
Education
South Bronx Charter School for International Cultures and the Arts (East 133rd Street and Cypress Pl)
Per Scholas operates its main branch at 804 E 138th Street.
Media
The Mott Haven Herald is a news outlet that reports in Mott Haven, Melrose and Port Morris. It is produced by students at the City University Graduate School of Journalism and edited by Joe Hirsch. The New York Post operates a printing plant in the neighborhood.
Transportation
The following New York City Subway stations serve Port Morris:
138th Street–Grand Concourse ()
Third Avenue–138th Street ()
Brook Avenue ()
Cypress Avenue ()
The following MTA Regional Bus Operations bus routes serve Port Morris:
: to Fordham Plaza via Crotona and Prospect Avenues
: to 135th Street station (served by the ) via 138th Street
: to The Hub or Manhattanville via Willis Avenue and 125th Street
Bruckner Boulevard, which runs under the Bruckner Expressway (Interstate 278), is the primary thoroughfare through Port Morris.
As part of a conceptualization by think tank ReThink Studio that was not recognized by the city or state, a train station in Port Morris will be the northern terminal for a trunk line that would be a regional hub for transportation to other places in the states of New York and Connecticut. The station's site and context could accommodate connections to Manhattan and LaGuardia Airport via the trunk line, Northeast Corridor, and local bus routes. The station, a planned adjacent convention center, and supporting development is proposed to encourage other growth in the South Bronx.
References
External links
Port Morris in Forgotten NY
Mott Haven Herald
Populated coastal places in New York (state)
Neighborhoods in the Bronx | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%20Morris%2C%20Bronx |
John Butler (died 1766), known as John Butler of Kilcash, a member of the Irish landed gentry, was de jure 15th Earl of Ormond and 8th Earl of Ossory. He did not assume these titles as he thought them forfeit by the attainder of the 2nd Duke of Ormond. He did, however, inherit the Ormond estate from the 1st Earl of Arran through Arran's sister Amelia. In 1791, the title of Earl of Ormond would be successfully claimed by his cousin, the 17th Earl.
Birth and origins
John was born about 1720, probably at Kilcash Castle, his parents' habitual residence. He was the third but only surviving son of Thomas Butler of Garryricken and his wife Margaret Magennis. His father belonged to a cadet branch of the Butler Dynasty, being the grandson and heir of Richard Butler of Kilcash, who was the younger brother of James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond. The Butlers were Old English and descended from Theobald Walter, who had been appointed Chief Butler of Ireland by King Henry II in 1177.
John's mother was the eldest daughter of William Burke, 7th Earl of Clanricarde and widow of Bryan Magennis, 5th Viscount of Iveagh. His parents were both Catholic. They had married in 1696. John had two brothers and five sisters, which are listed in his father's article.
Inheritances and successions
In 1738 his father died. John inherited Kilcash and other parts of the lands of Garryricken Manor, which had been created for his grandfather Richard Butler of Kilcash shortly after 1639 and had been divided between his father and his uncle John, who held Garryricken House itself. He did not inherit any title as his father held none.
In 1758, on the death of the 1st Earl of Arran, his father's second cousin, he unknowingly became de jure the 15th Earl of Ormond. It had been believed that all the titles of James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormond became forfeit in 1715. However, in 1791, it would be found that the title of "Earl of Ormond" (and its subsidiary titles) in the peerage of Ireland had merely lain dormant and so could be successfully revived by John Butler's cousin, John Butler, 17th Earl of Ormonde.
Following the second Duke's attainder, the Ormond estate was administrated by the Forfeited Estates Commissioners. With the permission of the Parliament of Ireland, the estate was purchased in 1721 by the second Duke's brother, Charles, the Earl of Arran. Arran died childless in 1758. The estate passed to his unmarried sister Lady Amelia Butler, who held it for about two years. On her death in 1760, the estate was inherited by John Butler, the subject of this article.
Marriage
John Butler married Bridget Stacey on 19 April 1763, but the marriage was childless.
Death and succession
He died on 24 June 1766 and was buried at Kilcash. He was succeeded by his cousin Walter, the son of his uncle John, who unknowingly became de jure the 16th Earl of Ormond.
Notes and references
Notes
Citations
Sources
– L to M (for Magennis)
– N to R (for Ormond)
– Eardley of Spalding to Goojerat (for Fingall)
– Scotland and Ireland
– (for timeline)
– Viscounts (for John Butler under Butler, Viscount Mountgarrett)
– House of Lords
– From the revolution to the death of George II
Ormonde, Walter Butler, 15th Earl of
John
Earls of Ormond (Ireland)
Year of birth unknown | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Butler%2C%2015th%20Earl%20of%20Ormonde |
Calendula officinalis, the pot marigold, common marigold, ruddles, Mary's gold or Scotch marigold, is a flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. It is probably native to southern Europe, though its long history of cultivation makes its precise origin unknown, and it may possibly be of garden origin. It is also widely naturalised farther north in Europe (as far as southern England) and elsewhere in warm temperate regions of the world.
The Latin specific epithet officinalis refers to the plant's medicinal and herbal uses.
Description
Calendula officinalis is a short-lived aromatic herbaceous perennial, growing to tall, with sparsely branched lax or erect stems. The leaves are oblong-lanceolate, long, hairy on both sides, and with margins entire or occasionally waved or weakly toothed. The inflorescences are yellow, comprising a thick capitulum or flowerhead diameter surrounded by two rows of hairy bracts; in the wild plant they have a single ring of ray florets surrounding the central disc florets. The disc florets are tubular and hermaphrodite, and generally of a more intense orange-yellow colour than the female, tridentate, peripheral ray florets. The flowers may appear all year long where conditions are suitable. The fruit is a thorny curved achene and weight in average 10.1 mg (n=50).
Calendulas are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including cabbage moth, gothic moth, large yellow underwing, and setaceous Hebrew character.
Cultivation
Calendula officinalis is widely cultivated and can be grown easily in sunny locations in most kinds of soils. Although perennial, it is commonly treated as an annual, particularly in colder regions where its winter survival is poor, and in hot summer locations where it also does not survive.
Calendulas are considered by many gardening experts as among the easiest and most versatile flowers to grow in a garden, especially because they tolerate most soils. In temperate climates, seeds are sown in spring for blooms that last throughout the summer and well into the fall. In areas of limited winter freezing, seeds are sown in autumn for winter color. Plants will wither in subtropical summer. Seeds will germinate freely in sunny or half-sunny locations, but plants do best if planted in sunny locations with rich, well-drained soil. Pot marigolds typically bloom quickly from seed (in under two months) in bright yellows, golds, and oranges.
Leaves are spirally arranged, long, simple, and slightly hairy. The flower heads range from pastel yellow to deep orange, and are across, with both ray florets and disc florets. Most cultivars have a spicy aroma. It is recommended to deadhead (remove dying flower heads) the plants regularly to maintain even blossom production.
Cultivars
Numerous cultivars have been selected for variation in the flowers, from pale yellow to orange-red, and with 'double' or 'semi-double' flowerheads with ray florets replacing some or all of the disc florets. Examples include 'Alpha' (deep orange), 'Jane Harmony', 'Sun Glow' (bright yellow), 'Lemon' (pale yellow), 'Orange Prince' (orange), 'Indian Prince' (dark orange-red), 'Pink Surprise' (double, with inner florets darker than outer florets), 'Green-heart Gold' (double, bright yellow), 'Apricot Pygmy' (double light peach) and 'Chrysantha' (yellow, double). 'Variegata' is a cultivar with yellow variegated leaves.
The cultivar group 'Fiesta Gitana' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Uses
Pot marigold florets are edible. They are often used to add color to salads or added to dishes as a garnish and in lieu of saffron. The leaves are edible but are often not palatable. They have a history of use as a potherb and in salads. The plant is also used to make tea.
Flowers were used in ancient Greek, Roman, Middle Eastern, and Indian cultures as a medicinal herb, as well as a dye for fabrics, foods, and cosmetics. Many of these uses persist today. They are also used to make oil that protects the skin.
Marigold leaves can also be made into a poultice that is believed to help scratches and shallow cuts to heal faster, and to help prevent infection. It has also been used in eye drops.
Constituents
The petals and pollen of Calendula officinalis contain triterpenoid esters and the carotenoids flavoxanthin and auroxanthin (antioxidants and the source of the yellow-orange coloration). The leaves and stems contain other carotenoids, mostly lutein (80%), zeaxanthin (5%), and beta-carotene. Plant extracts are also widely used in cosmetics, presumably due to presence of compounds such as saponins, resins, and essential oils.
The flowers of Calendula officinalis contain flavonol glycosides, triterpene oligoglycosides, oleanane-type triterpene glycosides, saponins, and a sesquiterpene glucoside.
Calendula flowers are a rich source of lutein, containing 29.8 mg/100g.
Potential pharmacology
Plant pharmacological studies have suggested that Calendula extracts may have anti-viral, anti-genotoxic, and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. In an in vitro assay, the methanol extract of C. officinalis exhibited antibacterial activity and both the methanol and the ethanol extracts showed antifungal activities.
References
Further reading
External links
officinalis
Flora of Europe
Garden plants of Europe
Inflorescence vegetables
Leaf vegetables
Medicinal plants of Europe
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Plant dyes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendula%20officinalis |
This is a partial list of Grand Trunk Pacific Railway stations.
The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway used an alphabetical station naming system for railway stations along its mainline from Winnipeg, Manitoba, to Prince Rupert, British Columbia. The name of the GTP railway station usually became the name of the town that developed in close proximity to it. A similar system was used in a part of Ontario.
Beginning at Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, and travelling north-west through Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta to British Columbia, the towns along the railway are listed below, in the order they appear on maps.
Ontario
Alba, Baird, Crest, Dona (incomplete)
Manitoba
Alpha, Bloom, Caye, Deer, Exira, Firdale, Gregg, Harte, Ingelow, Justice, Knox, Levine, Myra, Norman, Oakner, Pope, Quadra, Rea, Uno, Treat, Victor
Saskatchewan
Welby, Yarbo, Zeneta, Atwater, Bangor, Cana, Elroy, Fenwood, Goodeve, Hubbard, Ituna, Jasmin, Kelliher, Leross, Lestock, Mosten, Punnichy, Quinton, Raymore, Semans, Tate, Undora, Venn, Watrous, Xena, Young, Zelma, Allan, Bradwell, Clavet, Duro, Earl, Farley, Grandora, Hawoods, Ivana, Juniata, Kinley, Leney, Mead, Neola, Oban, Palo, Reford, Scott, Tako, Unity, Vera, Winter, Yonker, Zumbro, Artland, Biggar.
Alberta
Butze, Chauvin, Dunn, Edgerton, Greenshields, Wainwright, Fabyan, Hawkins, Irma, Jarrow, Kinsella, Meighen, Nestor, Poe, Ryley, Shonts, Tofield, Uncas, Ardrossan, Bremner, Clover Bar, Edmonton, Fallis, Gainford, Hargwen, Imrie, Junkins, Keston, Leaman, Mackay, Niton, Otley, Peers, Rosevear, Thornton, Wolf Creek, Yates, Ansell, Bickerdike, Dalehurst, Entrance, Fitzhugh.
References
External links
(Canadian) Online historical map digitization project – list of alphabetical town names, links to historical maps
Saskatchewan ghost towns
Grand Trunk Pacific
Alphabetic lists
Populated places established in the 1900s
Toponymy
Grand Trunk Pacific | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Grand%20Trunk%20Pacific%20Railway%20stations |
William Leighton Leitch (2 Nov 1804 – 25 April 1883) was a master Scottish landscape watercolour painter and illustrator. He was Drawing Master to Queen Victoria for 22 years. He was Vice President of the Royal Institute of Painters in Watercolours, on Pall Mall in London, for twenty years.
Life
Leitch was born in Glasgow, the son of a soldier who had previously been a sailor. Leitch soon developed a strong inclination for art, and used to practise drawing at night with David Macnee, afterwards president of the Scottish Academy. After a good general education, he found employment in a lawyer's office, then as a weaver, then as an apprentice to a Mr. Harbut, house-painter and decorator.
In 1824 he was engaged as a scene-painter at the Theatre Royal, Glasgow, and married Susannah Smellie, who bore him five sons and two daughters. The theatre failing, he spent two years at Mauchline, painting snuff boxes, and then moved to London, where he made the acquaintance of artists David Roberts and Clarkson Stanfield, and obtained employment as a scene-painter at the Queen's Theatre (now demolished) on Charlotte Street. He had some lessons from Copley Fielding, and was employed by Mr. Anderden, a stockbroker, to make drawings for a work he was writing.
After exhibiting two drawings at the Society of British Artists in 1832, he travelled to the continent in 1833, passing through the Netherlands, Germany, and Switzerland to Italy. While in Venice he met and became friends with the Hungarian painter, Miklós Barabás; They toured and painted in the Lago Maggiore region in 1834, and Leitch was a great influence on Barabás's future work. After an absence of four years, during which Leitch supported himself mainly by teaching, and had visited the principal cities of Italy, and made numerous sketches there and in Sicily, he returned to London in July 1837.
He now devoted himself almost entirely to teaching and working in watercolours. He had great success as a teacher and could count many members of the aristocracy amongst his pupils. He was introduced to Queen Victoria by Lady Canning and became the drawing master to her majesty and the royal family for 22 years. The Princess of Wales was his last pupil.
Leitch exhibited occasionally at the Royal Academy between 1841 and 1861, but in 1862 was elected a member of the Institute of painters in Watercolours (RI). From that time he contributed regularly to its exhibitions but did not exhibit elsewhere. He served as the society's vice-president for 20 years.
Leitch died in April 1883 at his home in St. John's Wood. A posthumous collection of his works was exhibited at the Institute of Painters in Water Colours' gallery in Piccadilly. Only two of his children survived him. His eldest son, Richard Principal Leitch (1826–1882), was also an artist.
Work
Leitch was a master of his art, which was based on a profound study of nature and of the great masters, especially Turner in his prime. His works are marked by their graceful composition, their pure colour, and the brilliant effects of atmosphere.
Among the books illustrated with engravings from his drawings are the Rev. Robert Walsh's "Constantinople and the Turkish empire" (1838); George Newenham Wright's "The Rhine, Italy and Greece" (1840), and "Shores and islands of the Mediterranean" (1841), William Brockedon's "Italy" (1843), Sir T. D. Lauder's "Memorial of the royal progress in Scotland" (1843), and John Parker Lawson's "Scotland delineated" (1847–54). The sketches in his possession at his death, with a very few finished drawings and oil pictures, were sold at Christie's in March 1884, and brought upwards of 9,000 pounds.
References
Attribution
Further reading
MacGeorge, Andrew. William Leighton Leitch, landscape painter (London, Blackie, 1884)
Tooley, Sarah A. Lives, Great and Simple (Walter Scott, 1887) pp. 237–246.
External links
Examples of Leitch's work (The National Gallery in London)
Examples of Leitch's work (Her Majesty's Government Art Collection)
Biography of Leitch (visitrannoch.com)
Examples of Leitch's work (The Tyne and Wear Museums)
Examples of Leitch's work (Indianapolis Museum of Art)
Examples of Leitch's work (Cleveland Museum of Art)
Examples of Leitch's work (The Metropolitan Museum in New York)
A painting of , engraved by James Sands for Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1841 with a posthumous poetical illustration by Letitia Elizabeth Landon.
1804 births
1883 deaths
19th-century Scottish painters
Scottish male painters
Scottish watercolourists
Landscape artists
Artists from Glasgow
19th-century Scottish male artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Leighton%20Leitch |
TFOS may refer to:
Teenagers from Outer Space (role-playing game), a rules-light comedy role-playing game
Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization focused on eye health education | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TFOS |
The 2001–02 National Division One (previously known as the Allied Dunbar Premiership Two and renamed as the Jewson National Division One for sponsorship reasons) was the fourteenth full season of rugby union within the second tier of the English league system, currently known as the RFU Championship. New teams to the division included Bedford Blues who had been relegated from the Allied Dunbar Premiership 1999-00 while Otley and Birmingham & Solihull had been promoted from National League Two. This season also saw the introduction of the bonus points scoring system. The season would also herald a new change in venue for Moseley who moved from their traditional home at The Reddings to share the University of Birmingham rugby pitch at Bournbrook, with The Reddings being sold to property developers in order to generate funds to keep the club in existence.
Leeds Tykes, the champions, were promoted to the Allied Dunbar Premiership for season 2001–02. There was only one promotion place available and the runners–up Worcester remained in National League 1 while Orrell and Waterloo were relegated to the 2001–02 National Division Two.
Participating teams
Table
Results
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
Round 5
Round 6
Round 7
Round 8
Round 9
Postponed. Game rescheduled to 18 April 2001.
Round 10
Round 11
Postponed. Game rescheduled to 3 March 2001.
Postponed. Game rescheduled to 3 March 2001.
Postponed. Game rescheduled to 17 February 2001.
Round 12
Round 13
Postponed. Game rescheduled to 17 February 2001.
Postponed. Game rescheduled to 18 February 2001.
Postponed. Game rescheduled to 18 February 2001.
Postponed. Game rescheduled to 18 February 2001.
Postponed. Game rescheduled to 17 February 2001.
Postponed. Game rescheduled to 24 March 2001.
Postponed. Game rescheduled to 3 March 2001.
Round 14
Round 15
Round 16
Postponed. Game rescheduled to 8 April 2001.
Postponed. Game rescheduled to 7 April 2001.
Postponed. Game rescheduled to 24 March 2001.
Postponed. Game rescheduled to 24 March 2001.
Round 17
Round 18
Postponed. Game rescheduled to 8 April 2001.
Postponed. Game rescheduled to 4 March 2001.
Round 19
Postponed. Game rescheduled to 25 April 2001.
Round 11 & 13 (rescheduled games)
Game rescheduled from 30 December 2000.
Game rescheduled from 30 December 2000.
Game rescheduled from 9 December 2000.
Game rescheduled from 30 December 2000.
Game originally rescheduled from 30 December 2000 but postponed once again. Game rescheduled to 24 March 2001.
Game rescheduled from 30 December 2000.
Round 20
Rounds 11, 13 & 18 (Rescheduled games)
Game rescheduled from 9 December 2000.
Game rescheduled from 9 December 2000.
Game rescheduled from 30 December 2000.
Game rescheduled from 3 February 2001.
Round 21
Round 22
Postponed. Game rescheduled to 25 April 2001.
Postponed. Game rescheduled to 24 March 2001.
Rounds 13, 16 (Rescheduled games)
Game rescheduled from 18 February 2001 after having been originally rescheduled from 30 December 2000.
Game rescheduled from 20 January 2001.
Game rescheduled from 17 March 2001.
Game rescheduled from 20 January 2001.
Game rescheduled from 30 December 2000.
Round 23
Round 16 & 18 (Rescheduled games)
Game rescheduled from 20 January 2001.
Game rescheduled from 20 January 2001.
Game rescheduled from 3 February 2001.
Round 24
Round 9 (Rescheduled game)
Game rescheduled from 25 November 2000.
Round 25
Round 19 & 22 (Rescheduled games)
Game rescheduled from 17 March 2001.
Game rescheduled from 10 February 2001.
Round 26
Total Season Attendances
Individual statistics
Note that points scorers includes tries as well as conversions, penalties and drop goals.
Top points scorers
Top try scorers
Season records
Team
Largest home win — 61 pts
81 - 20 Leeds Tykes at home to Orrell on 17 March 2001
Largest away win — 45 pts
48 - 3 Leeds Tykes away to Bedford Blues on 10 February 2001
Most points scored — 81 pts
81 - 20 Leeds Tykes at home to Orrell on 17 March 2001
Most tries in a match — 12
Leeds Tykes at home to Coventry on 4 March 2001
Most conversions in a match — 9
Leeds Tykes at home to Orrell on 17 March 2001
Most penalties in a match — 8
Orrell at home to Moseley on 16 September 2000
Most drop goals in a match — 2 (x4)
Bedford Blues at home to Henley Hawks on 9 September 2000
Exeter Chiefs at home to Wakefield on 16 September 2000
Otley away to London Welsh on 14 October 2000
Orrell at home to Wakefield on 3 February 2001
Player
Most points in a match — 31 (x2)
Richard Le Bas for Leeds Tykes at home to Wakefield on 19 November 2000
Sateki Tuipulotu for Worcester at home to Henley Hawks on 20 January 2001
Most tries in a match — 3 (x15)
N/A - multiple players
Most conversions in a match — 9
Richard Le Bas for Leeds Tykes at home to Wakefield on 19 November 2000
Most penalties in a match — 8
David Sleman for Orrell at home to Moseley on 16 September 2000
Most drop goals in a match — 2 (x4)
James Shanahan for Bedford Blues at home to Henley Hawks on 9 September 2000
Sam Howard for Exeter Chiefs at home to Wakefield on 16 September 2000
Dan Clappison for Otley away to London Welsh on 14 October 2000
David Sleman for Orrell at home to Wakefield on 3 February 2001
Attendances
Highest — 5,509
Leeds Tykes at home to Worcester on 1 April 2001
Lowest — 200 (x3)
Birmingham & Solihull at home to Waterloo on 14 October 2000, Moseley on 16 December 2001 & Otley on 4 February 2001
Highest Average Attendance — 2,231
Worcester
Lowest Average Attendance — 322
Birmingham & Solihull
See also
English rugby union system
References
2000–01 in English rugby union leagues
2000-01 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%E2%80%9301%20National%20Division%20One |
Lough Dan () is a scenic boomerang-shaped ribbon lake largely set on private property, in the Wicklow Mountains in Ireland. Lough Dan lake lies at the base of Luggala and Knocknacloghoge mountains. The lough is fed by the Cloghoge (draining Lough Tay), and Inchavore rivers, and is drained by the River Avonmore. Part of Lough Dan forms part of the Guinness Estate at Luggala, and has limited public access.
Geography
The Inchavore river flows into Lough Dan from the north-west. An outflow from Lough Tay – the Cloghoge river – feeds it from the north-east. It is drained to the south by the River Avonmore. Most of the lake is surrounded by private lands, though the north-western corner is part of the Wicklow National Park.
Scouting
The Scouting Ireland S.A.I. national campsite, now one of several belonging to Scouting Ireland, lies beside the lake. In 1997, Lough Dan was the site of an Irish Scouting jamboree, Lough Dan '97, at the S.A.I. national campsite, co-organised by the Federation of Irish Scouts Associations. The Jamboree was abandoned on the Thursday due to inclement weather and flooding.
In culture
Some of the exterior scenes of 2009 Irish post-apocalyptic film One Hundred Mornings were filmed around the lake.
Gallery
See also
List of loughs of Ireland
Lists of mountains in Ireland
Wicklow Way
References
External links
Wicklow Mountains National Park page
Irelandscape section on Lough Dan
Mountain Views information about the Knocknacloghoge area
Online climbing guide to Lough Dan site
Dan
Campsites of Scouting Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lough%20Dan |
Tetragonia tetragonioides, commonly called New Zealand spinach, Warrigal greens and other local names, is a flowering plant in the fig-marigold family (Aizoaceae). It is often cultivated as a leafy vegetable.
It is a widespread species, native to eastern Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. It has been introduced and is an invasive species in many parts of Africa, Europe, North America, and South America. Its natural habitat is sandy shorelines and bluffs, often in disturbed areas. It is a halophyte and grows well in saline ground.
Description
The plant has a trailing habit, and will form a thick carpet on the ground or climb through other vegetation and hang downwards. It can have erect growth when young. The leaves of the plant are 3–15 cm long, triangular in shape, and bright green. The leaves are thick, and covered with tiny papillae that look like waterdrops on the top and bottom of the leaves. The flowers of the plant are yellow, and the fruit is a small, hard capsule covered with small horns.
Taxonomy
Prussian naturalist Peter Pallas described the species as Demidovia tetragonoides in 1781. German botanist Otto Kuntze placed the species in the genus Tetragonia in his 1891 work Revisio Generum Plantarum, resulting in its current binomial name.
This widely distributed plant has many common names, depending on its location. In addition to the name New Zealand spinach, it is also known as Botany Bay spinach, Cook's cabbage, kōkihi (in Māori), sea spinach, and tetragon. Its Australian names of Warrigal Greens and Warrigal Cabbage come from the local use of warrigal to describe plants that are wild (not farmed originally).
Cultivation
It is grown for the edible leaves, and can be used as food or an ornamental plant for ground cover. It can be an annual or perennial. As some of its names signify, it has similar flavour and texture properties to spinach, and is cooked like spinach. Like spinach, it contains oxalates; its medium to low levels of oxalates need to be removed by blanching the leaves in hot water for one minute, then rinsing in cold water before cooking. It thrives in hot weather, and is considered an heirloom vegetable. Few insects consume it, and even slugs and snails do not seem to feed on it.
The thick, irregularly-shaped seeds should be planted just after the last spring frost. Before planting, the seeds should be soaked for 12 hours in cold water, or 3 hours in warm water. Seeds should be planted deep, and spaced apart. The seedlings will emerge in 10–20 days, and it will continue to produce greens through the summer. Mature plant will self-seed. Seeds will overwinter up to USDA zone 5.
As food
The species, rarely used by indigenous people as a leaf vegetable, was first documented by Captain Cook. It was immediately picked, cooked, and pickled to help fight scurvy, and taken with the crew of the Endeavour. It spread when the explorer and botanist Joseph Banks took seeds back to Kew Gardens during the latter half of the 18th century. For two centuries, T. tetragonioides was the only cultivated vegetable to have originated from Australia and New Zealand.
There are some indications that Māori did eat kōkihi perhaps more regularly. According to Murdoch Riley, "to counteract the bitterness of the older leaves of this herb, the Māori boiled it with the roots of the convolvulus (pōhue)", in reference to species of Convolvulaceae now classified as Calystegia. The tips of the spinach can be pinched off and eaten raw or cooked.
Nutrition
When consumed after boiling, New Zealand spinach is 95% water, 2% carbohydrates, 1% protein, and contains negligible fat, while supplying only 12 calories (table). In a 100 gram reference amount, the spinach is particularly rich in vitamin K, providing 278% of the Daily Value (DV). It also contains appreciable amounts of vitamin B6, vitamin C, and manganese (18–25% DV).
Gallery
References
External links
tetragonioides
Bushfood
Caryophyllales of Australia
Crops originating from Argentina
Crops originating from Asia
Crops originating from Australia
Crops originating from Chile
Crops originating from New Zealand
Eudicots of Western Australia
Flora of Japan
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of Norfolk Island
Flora of Lord Howe Island
Flora of South Australia
Flora of Queensland
Flora of Tasmania
Flora of Victoria (state)
Leaf vegetables | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetragonia%20tetragonioides |
Johan Johannes Fabricius (24 August 1899 – 21 June 1981), who published in English as Johan Wigmore Fabricius, was a Dutch writer, journalist and adventurer.
Fabricius was born in Bandung, Java. He wrote approximately 60 books, among them many books for children, including De Scheepsjongens van Bontekoe (1924), which was reprinted 28 times as of 2003.
Biography
Johan Fabricius was born in Bandung, Dutch East Indies, to Jan Fabricius and Minke Dornseiffen. His father was a journalist and playwright, which facilitated Johan's entry into the arts. He was a tall man, and had an aptitude for various arts. Until the age of fourteen he spent most of his time in the Dutch East Indies (ten years in all) and would return for brief visits throughout his life, maintaining a strong connection to the area.
His schooling was varied; he was educated in different places in the Indies and the Netherlands, and briefly in Paris, and in the fall of 1914 he enrolled in the Hogere Burgerschool in The Hague, but soon left for the Academie van Beeldende Kunsten, where he showed a great talent for portraits, later illustrating his own books. The success of the series " a series of five books advertising for the Nederlandsche Oliefabrieken (since 1928 part of Unilever), was due in part to his illustrations. In 1925 he married Ruth Freudenburg, and they had three children.
After his years in The Hague, Fabricius joined the Austrian army as a war painter. He spent a few months on the Pavia front, where mostly Bosnian soldiers were engaged with Italian troops. Some of his letters home were published in the literary magazine De Gids. In 1922 he managed to get Eiko van den Reigerhof, his first novel, published; it had been written a few years earlier. By that time Fabricius was trying his hand as an illustrator, painter, stage actor, and costume designer. Following in his father's footsteps he wrote plays, some of which were actually staged.
His breakthrough as a writer was Het meisje met de blauwe hoed, a humorous novel about a soldier's life based on his experiences in the military. The book was a commercial success, and was adapted for a movie in 1934; in 1974 it was adapted to a musical for television. His De scheepsjongens van Bontekoe (1923) was to become his best-known book; based on the real-life experiences of a 17th-century Dutch captain, Willem Bontekoe, who was shipwrecked on the way to the Indies, it became a best-seller after a slow start. The three fictional characters who set sail with Bontekoe allowed for easy identification for a young audience; a statues of the three is in the harbor of Hoorn since 1968. This book was tuned into a national award-winning feature film in 2007. Having sold an estimated 300,000 copies, the 34th edition was published in 2016.
In between work Fabricius traveled widely. In 1922 already he had visited Argentina and Paraguay. His honeymoon was a one-year long journey along the shores of the Mediterranean, and he lived in Vienna and Capri. A journey around the world in 1936 brought him back to the Indies. His experiences and impressions formed the foundation for many of his novels, which combined drama with exoticism and unusual characters, in a relaxed style full of humor and anecdotes.
The 1930s found Fabricius at the height of popularity and creativity; he produced a best-selling picaresque trilogy set in 18th-century Italy, Komedianten trokken voorbij (1931, winner of the C.W. van der Hoogt award), Melodie der verten (1932), and De dans om de galg (1934).
When World War II broke out, Fabricius was living in Antwerp with his family, and fled to England by way of Saint-Malo. In London he worked for the Dutch news department of the BBC, first as a news reader and then as a free-lance correspondent. In the spring of 1945 he was sent to Asia as a correspondent for The Times and the BBC, hoping to witness the liberation of the Indies. In September 1945 he flew from Singapore to Batavia, and was one of the first foreign correspondents there. His recollections of a country ravaged by war and revolution were published in 1947 as Hoe ik Indië terugvond. At the end of 1945 he left, moving to the United Kingdom by way of French Indo-China, Japan, and the United States.
He lived in the UK until he moved permanently to the Netherlands in 1956. His wife died in 1968 and that same year he married Anna Cornelia Bleeker. He continued to travel and wrote at least one book a year until his death. By now his novels were frequently set in the Dutch Indies, with local subject matter. Much of his work was reprinted and translated, particularly for the US and UK markets.
According to I. Schöffer, by 1945 Fabricius had reached his peak. Before the war already he was on the fringe of the Dutch literary world and changing tastes (among critics) in the post-war period led to an evaluation of Fabricius as a writer of merely popular literature. In addition, his stories were thought to contain mostly flat characters and lacked variation (and were written in a much too expansive a style), certainly once exoticism was no longer in vogue. He remained optimistic, though, and continued to write and publish until his death (in Glimmen, 21 June 1981), still maintaining a broad readership. He was buried at the cemetery in the neighboring village of Noordlaren. Vandals stole the beautiful bronze wind vane, depicting the Nieuw Hoorn, an early 17th-century Dutch East-Indies sailing vessel (featured in his 1923 novel), from his grave.
Bibliography
"Eiko van de Reigershof" (1922) - His first book
De Scheepsjongens van Bontekoe (1923) (translated as Java Ho!: The Adventures of Four Boys Amid Fire, Storm and Shipwreck) - Filmed in 2007
Het meisje met de blauwe hoed (1927) (The girl with the blue hat) - Filmed in 1934 and in 1972
Charlotte's groote reis (1928) (Charlotte's grand voyage)
De wondere avonturen van Arretje Nof (1928) (The wondrous adventures of Arretje Nof) - For the Delftsche Slaolie Fabrieken.
Mario Ferraro's ijdele liefde (1929)
Komedianten trokken voorbij (1931)
Melodie der verten (1932).
De dans om de galg (1934) (The dance around the gallows).
Leeuwen hongeren in Napels (1934). (The lions starve in Naples)
Son of Marietta (1936)
Eiland der demonen (1941) (Island of demons)
A Castle in Carinthia (1941)
Nacht over Java (1944) (Night over Java)
De kraton (1945)
Halfbloed (1947) (Halfblood)
Java Revisited (1947)
Hotel Vesuvius (1948)
De grote geus (1949)
Brandende Aarde: De Vernieling en Evacuatie van de Olieterreinen in Nederlandsch-Indië (1949)
The Great Ordeal (1951)
Mijn huis staat achter de kim (1951)
A Dutchman at large: Memoirs (1952)
Een wereld in beroering (1952)
Gordel van smaragd (1953)
Setoewo, de tijger (1956) (Setoewo, the tigre)
Mortal pageant: A romance of the year of the Great Plague in Florence (1956)
Luie stoel (1957) (Lazy chair)
Schimmenspel (1958)
De heilige paarden (1959) (The sacred horses)
Jongensspel (1963) (Boy's play)
Nacht zonder zegen (1963) (Night without blessing)
Herinneringen van een oude pruik (1963) (Memories of an old whig)
Hopheisa, in regen en wind (1964)
Weet je nog, Yoshi? (1966) (Do you still remember, Yoshi?)
Dag, Leidseplein (1968) (Goodbye, Leidseplein)
Wij Tz'e Hsi, keizerin van China (1968)
Wittebroodsweken met Mama (1969)
De paradijsklok (1971)
Partnerruil niet uitgesloten (1972) (Swinging not excluded)
Devil in the tower (1973)
Het portret (1974) (The portrait)
De oorlog van de kleine paardjes (1975) (The war of the little horses)
Er zijn geen echte gekken meer op Capri (1976) (Really crazy people no longer exist at Capri Island)
Gringo: een reis naar het Paraguay van 1922 (1976) (Gringo: A Voyage to the Paraguay of 1922)
Toontje Poland: een Alkmaarse jongen in de dagen van Napoleon (1977)
Toontje Poland onder de Tropenzon (1978)
De schreeuw van de witte kakatoe (1978)
Als vogelen uit de hemel...: nacht over Java (1980) (Like birds from heaven ...: night over Java)
De bruiden in het bad en andere duistere daden (1981) (The bride in the bath and other dark deeds)
References
External links
De Scheepsjongens van Bontekoe on the Digital library of Dutch literature (In Dutch)
Johan Fabricius at Flickr
1899 births
1981 deaths
Dutch children's writers
Dutch television news presenters
People from Bandung
20th-century Dutch journalists
Dutch people of the Dutch East Indies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan%20Fabricius |
"Getting Away with Murder" is the first single from the band Papa Roach's fourth studio album, Getting Away with Murder. The song shows the band's new sound and features no rapping at all, something that was used in Papa Roach's previous singles.
The song is also the former theme song for WWE Tough Enough. It was featured in the 2004 video game MechAssault 2: Lone Wolf It was also featured in the video game MX vs. ATV Unleashed in 2005. A "clean" remix of the song called "Getting Away With... (Gran Turismo 4 Vrenna/Walsh Remix)" was featured in Gran Turismo 4; it was a bit faster, had the heavily distorted guitars toned down, and had a backing whisper of the words "getting away" instead of "..with murder".
Background
"I wrote it so you can take it in different ways," said singer Jacoby Shaddix. "It can be about when you're doing some shit behind some people in your life's backs and they don't know about it but it makes you feel like shit, which I've done. But it can also be about what's going on right now in the political world (in the Middle East), or about these big, huge corporations who are so corrupt."
Music video
The video is performance-based, showing the band playing in a stock exchange hall with references filled with fans (including sexual imagery which led the band's lead singer Jacoby Shaddix to describe the video as "stocks and bondage" in an MTV2 interview). It was directed by Motion Theory.
In the opening twenty seconds, all of the band members are shown as workers in the stock exchange.
There are references to WarGames, Florida and Global Thermonuclear War calculations on the display screens in the background. Occasionally messages flash up during the video: "In God we trust" appears as a message, and then alternates between that and "In guns we trust" as well as "In oil we trust". "Murder accomplished" is the last one to appear. It alternates between "Murder" and "Mission" accomplished. The characters in the big screen in the background also change shape periodically to resemble the U.S. flag. Fighter jets, tic-tac-toe boards, and multiple copies of the skull and crossbones materialize on the big screen, as well as maps of the world and flying dots representing missiles. There are also Trading Places references too. Other messages appearing on the display screens in the background include WMD (weapons of mass destruction), MRDR (murder), EVLL (evil), NRON (Enron), 'BSH' and 'CHNY'.
The badges worn by the Stock exchange employees say 'SADM', 'NRA', 'CHNY', '4OIL' and 'NRON'.*In the last two shots, the entire band can be seen with their hands and face covered in blood and Shaddix drops his microphone suddenly as if just realizing he has done something wrong.
Lead singer, Jacoby Shaddix said he wanted the music video to be "political and sexy".
Track listing
Chart performance
References
2004 singles
2004 songs
Papa Roach songs
Geffen Records singles
Song recordings produced by Howard Benson
Songs written by Jacoby Shaddix
Songs written by Tobin Esperance
Songs written by Jerry Horton | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getting%20Away%20with%20Murder%20%28song%29 |
Galleazzo Appiani was an Italian architect who worked in Poland. Amongst his designs are the Carmelite Church in Przemyśl and the Krasicki Palace, built between 1592 and 1618 for the Krasicki family in Krasiczyn.
Notes
Torbus, Tomasz. Poland. Germany: Nelles Verlag, 2001.
Łoziński, Jerzy Z.., Miłobędzki, Adam. Guide to Architecture in Poland. Poland: Polonia Publishing House, 1967.
Rostworowski, Emanuel., Cękalska, Krystyna., Gieysztor, Aleksander., Kieniewicz, Stefan. History of Poland. Poland: PWN, Polish Scientific Publishers, 1979.
16th-century Italian architects
17th-century Italian architects
Przemyśl
Year of death unknown
Year of birth unknown | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galleazzo%20Appiani |
Sea spinach is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima, native to Europe and North Africa
Tetragonia decumbens, native to southern Africa
Tetragonia tetragonioides, native to New Zealand, Australia, Japan and southern South America | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20spinach |
In organic chemistry, a Bechgaard salt is any one of a number of organic charge-transfer complexes that exhibit superconductivity at low temperatures. They are named for chemist Klaus Bechgaard, who was one of the first scientists to synthesize them and demonstrate their superconductivity with the help of physicist Denis Jérome. Most Bechgaard salt superconductors are extremely low temperature, and lose superconductivity above the 1–2 K range, although the most successful compound in this class superconducts up to almost 12 K.
All Bechgaard salts are formed using a small, planar organic molecule as an electron donor, with any of a number of electron acceptors (such as perchlorate, , or tetracyanoethylene, TCNE). All the organic electron donors contain multiply conjugated heterocycles with a number of properties, including planarity, low ionization potential and good orbital overlap between heteroatoms in neighboring donor molecules. These properties help the final salt conduct electrons by shuttling them through the orbital vacancies left in the donor molecules.
All Bechgaard salts have a variation on a single tetrathiafulvalene motif—different superconductors have been made with appendages to the motif, or using a tetraselenafulvalene center instead (which is a related compound), but all bear this general structural similarity.
There are a wide range of other organic superconductors including many other charge-transfer complexes.
See also
Superconductivity
Tetrathiafulvalene
References
Superconductivity
Organic compounds | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bechgaard%20salt |
Gautama Siddha, (fl. 8th century) astronomer, astrologer and compiler of Indian descent, known for leading the compilation of the Treatise on Astrology of the Kaiyuan Era during the Tang dynasty. He was born in Chang'an, and his family was originally from India, according to a tomb stele uncovered in 1977 in Xi'an. The Gautama family had probably settled in China over many generations, and might have been present in China prior even to the foundation of the Tang dynasty. He was most notable for his translation of Navagraha calendar into Chinese. He also introduced Indian numerals with zero (〇) in 718 in China as a replacement of counting rods.
References
Footnotes
8th-century births
8th-century deaths
Chinese astrologers
Chinese people of Indian descent
8th-century Chinese astronomers
Indian astrologers
Writers from Xi'an
Tang dynasty writers
Scientists from Shaanxi
8th-century astrologers
Medieval Indian astrologers
8th-century Indian astronomers
8th-century Indian writers
8th-century Chinese translators | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama%20Siddha |
Walther Karl Friedrich Ernst Emil Freiherr von Lüttwitz (2 February 1859 – 20 September 1942) was a German general who fought in World War I. Lüttwitz is best known for being the driving force behind the Kapp–Lüttwitz Putsch of 1920 which attempted to replace the democratic government of the Weimar Republic with a military dictatorship.
Early life
Lüttwitz was born on 2 February 1859 in the city of Bodland near Kreuzburg O.S. in Upper Silesia, then part of Prussia (now Bogacica, Poland). His father was Ernst von Lüttwitz (1823–92), an Oberförster ("head forest warden"), Hauptmann (captain) and Deichhauptmann ("overseer of dikes"). His mother was Cecile (1835–1910), the daughter of Heinrich Graf Strachwitz von Groß-Zauche und Camminetz.
Military career
Lüttwitz received his military training in 1878–87, finishing as an officer. He then attended the Kriegsakademie in 1887–90. Between 1890 and 1912 he served in various army commands. In 1912, Lüttwitz was appointed Oberquartiermeister at the Großer Generalstab (the German General Staff). Crownprince Wilhelm described him as: "mehr Truppenführer als Armeechef, mehr Blücher als Gneisenau" ("more leader of men than army chief, more Blücher than Gneisenau").
During World War I, Lüttwitz held several high military ranks. From 2 August to 26 September 1914, he was Chief of Staff of the 4th Army. He led the 33rd Division from 26 September 1914 to 28 June 1915 and the 2nd Guards Infantry Division from 29 June to 25 September. He led X Corps from 22 December 1915 to 20 August 1916 and participated in the Second Battle of Champagne. On 21 August 1916, he became Chief of Staff of the 5th Army (whose commander-in-chief was Prince Wilhelm) and managed to minimize the military fallout from the drain on resources of the Battle of Verdun.
On 25 November 1916, Lüttwitz was made commanding general of III Corps. Having received the order Pour le Mérite on 24 August 1916, in March 1918 he was commanding general during the German spring offensive near Saint-Quentin/La Fère and for his actions received the "oak leaves" addition to this medal on 26 March 1918. In August 1918, Lüttwitz became General der Infantrie.
Post-war
After the armistice and the German Revolution in 1918, on 28 December the Rat der Volksbeauftragten, the provisional German government, appointed him commander-in-chief of the German military in Berlin and vicinity (Befehlshaber der Truppen in und um Berlin and Oberbefehlshaber in den Marken). Besides being in command of all the regular forces of the demobilizing Imperial Army in that region, he was also in charge of all the Freikorps in the area. He was called "Father of the Freikorps" as he relied heavily on these paramilitary units in late 1918 and early 1919 after the regular troops had turned out to be unreliable.
In this function, he directed the suppression of the Spartakus Uprising by the Freikorps in January 1919 under the orders of Minister of Defence Gustav Noske. In March 1919, Lüttwitz' position was renamed Oberbefehlshaber des Reichswehr-Gruppenkommandos 1. In May 1919, the government named him as supreme commander of all military troops of the Reich in case of an emergency or war. However, even at that time, Lüttwitz was making political demands outside the area of responsibility of a military commander, like outlawing strikes and abolishing unemployment insurance.
Kapp–Lüttwitz Putsch
Like many members of the Reichswehr, Lüttwitz was an outspoken opponent of the Treaty of Versailles that was signed in June 1919. He was concerned that the treaty's stipulations could cause the army to disintegrate during its period of re-organisation and he especially disliked the treaty articles that demanded the reduction of the army to 100,000 men, disbandment of the Freikorps, and the extradition of about 900 men whom the Allies accused of war crimes. He planned to defy these stipulations of the treaty. As early as July 1919, Lüttwitz was involved in plots to topple the Weimar Republic and replace the government of Friedrich Ebert with a military dictatorship.
On 29 February 1920, Defence Minister Noske ordered the disbandment of two of the most powerful Freikorps, the Marinebrigade Loewenfeld and the Marinebrigade Ehrhardt. The commander of the latter, Korvettenkapitän Hermann Ehrhardt, declared that the unit would refuse to disband. On 1 March, it staged a parade without inviting Noske. Lüttwitz said at the parade that he would "not accept" the loss of such an important unit. Several of Lüttwitz's officers were horrified at this open rejection of the government's authority and tried to mediate by setting up a meeting between von Lüttwitz and the leaders of the two major right-wing parties. Lüttwitz listened to and remembered their ideas, but was not dissuaded from his course of action. Noske then removed the Marinebrigade from Lüttwitz's command. Lüttwitz ignored the order, but agreed to a meeting with President Ebert suggested by his staff.
On the evening of 10 March, Lüttwitz came with his staff to Ebert's office. Ebert had also asked Noske to attend. Lüttwitz, drawing on demands by the right-wing parties and adding his own, now demanded the immediate dissolution of the National Assembly, new elections for the Reichstag, the appointment of technocrats (Fachminister) as Secretaries for Foreign Affairs, Economics and Finance, the dismissal of General Walther Reinhardt as Chef der Heeresleitung, his own appointment as supreme commander of the regular military and the revocation of the orders of dissolution for the Marinebrigaden. Ebert and Noske rejected these demands. Noske told Lüttwitz that he expected his resignation the next day.
Instead of resigning, Lüttwitz went to Döberitz on 11 March and asked Ehrhardt whether he would be able to occupy Berlin that very evening. Ehrhardt said he needed another day, but in the morning of 13 March he could be in the centre of Berlin with his men. Lüttwitz gave the order, and Ehrhardt began his preparations. It was only at this point that Lüttwitz brought the group known as Nationale Vereinigung into the plot. These included DNVP member Wolfgang Kapp, retired General Erich Ludendorff, as well as Waldemar Pabst and , the last Berlin head of police in the old Reich. Their goal was to establish an authoritarian regime (though not a monarchy) with a return to the federal structure of the Empire. Lüttwitz asked them to be ready to take over the government on 13 March. Lüttwitz had not been dismissed, but only suspended from his post on 11 March.
On the morning of 13 March, the Marinebrigade reached the Brandenburger Tor, where it was met by Lüttwitz, Ludendorff, Kapp and their followers. Shortly thereafter, the putschists moved into the Reich Chancellery (Reichskanzlei). Supported by a battalion of the regular Reichswehr, they occupied the government quarter. Kapp declared himself Chancellor (Reichskanzler) and formed a provisional government. Lüttwitz served as commander of the armed forces and Minister of Defence.
Although the putsch received support from military commanders and other conservative and monarchistic groups around the Reich, the rank and file of the bureaucracy mostly refused to cooperate. A general strike, called by the legitimate government, the unions and the parties of the left paralyzed the country and made it impossible for Kapp to govern. After negotiations with those members of the legitimate government who had remained in Berlin, Kapp resigned on 17 March, but Lüttwitz tried to hold on for another day as head of a military dictatorship. When Lüttwitz offered his resignation on 18 March, Vice-Chancellor Eugen Schiffer accepted—granting him full pension rights. Schiffer also suggested Lüttwitz should leave the country until the National Assembly had decided on the question of an amnesty and even offered him a false passport and money.
Later life
After the collapse of the putsch, Lüttwitz first went to Saxony and only later left for Hungary. He used a passport provided by supporters in the Berlin police department. Lüttwitz returned to Germany after an amnesty in 1924. He went back to Silesia and supported the DNVP but was not politically active. In 1931, he called for the creation of the Harzburger Front and in 1933 congratulated Wilhelm Frick on the successful Machtergreifung (take-over) by the NSDAP. His book, Im Kampf gegen die November-Republik was published in 1934.
Personal life
Lüttwitz was married twice. In 1884 at Nimkau, he married Louise (1864–1918), daughter of the Austrian Hauptmann Viktor Graf von Wengersky and Eleonore Gräfin Haller von Hallerstein. In 1921 at Salzburg, he married Adelheid (1869–1956), daughter of Johann Freiherr Sardagna von Meanberg und Hohenstein and Irma von Dorner. With Louise, Lüttwitz had three daughters and a son. His son was Smilo Freiherr von Lüttwitz. His daughter Maria married Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord.
Lüttwitz died on 20 September 1942 in Breslau.
References
Bibliography
Berger, Florian, Mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern. Die höchstdekorierten Soldaten des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Selbstverlag Florian Berger, 2006. . (self-published source)
External links
1859 births
1942 deaths
20th-century Freikorps personnel
People from Kluczbork
Generals of Infantry (Reichswehr)
Generals of Infantry (Prussia)
Military personnel from the Province of Silesia
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
Leaders who took power by coup
German monarchists
Kapp Putsch participants
German Army generals of World War I | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther%20von%20L%C3%BCttwitz |
In analytical chemistry, A chiral derivatizing agent (CDA), also known as a chiral resolving reagent, is a derivatization reagent that is a chiral auxiliary used to convert a mixture of enantiomers into diastereomers in order to analyze the quantities of each enantiomer present and determine the optical purity of a sample. Analysis can be conducted by spectroscopy or by chromatography. Some analytical techniques such as HPLC and NMR, in their most commons forms, cannot distinguish enantiomers within a sample, but can distinguish diastereomers. Therefore, converting a mixture of enantiomers to a corresponding mixture of diastereomers can allow analysis. The use of chiral derivatizing agents has declined with the popularization of chiral HPLC. Besides analysis, chiral derivatization is also used for chiral resolution, the actual physical separation of the enantiomers.
History
Since NMR spectroscopy has been available to chemists, there have been numerous studies on the applications of this technique. One of these noted the difference in the chemical shift (i.e. the distance between the peaks) of two diastereomers. Conversely, two compounds that are enantiomers have the same NMR spectral properties. It was reasoned that if a mix of enantiomers could be converted into a mix of diastereomers by bonding them to another chemical that was itself chiral, it would be possible to distinguish this new mixture using NMR, and therefore learn about the original enantiomeric mixture. The first popular example of this technique was published in 1969 by Harry S. Mosher. The chiral agent used was a single enantiomer of MTPA (α-methoxy-α-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetic acid), also known as Mosher's acid. The corresponding acid chloride is also known as Mosher's acid chloride, and the resultant diastereomeric esters are known as Mosher's esters. Another system is Pirkle's Alcohol developed in 1977.
Requirements
The general use and design of CDAs obey the following rules so that the CDA can effectively determine the stereochemistry of an analyte:
The CDA must be enantiomerically pure, or (less satisfactorily) its enantiomeric purity must be accurately known.
The reaction of the CDA with both enantiomers should go to completion under reaction conditions. This acts to avoid enrichment or depletion of one enantiomer of the analyte by kinetic resolution.
CDA must not racemize under derivatization or analysis conditions. Its attachment should be mild enough so that the substrate does not racemize either. If analysis is completed by HPLC, the CDA must contain a chromophore to enhance detectability.
If analysis is completed by NMR, the CDA should have a functional group that gives a singlet in the resultant NMR spectrum, where the singlet must be remote from other peaks.
Mosher's method
Mosher's acid, via its acid chloride derivative, reacts readily with alcohols and amines to give esters and amides, respectively. The lack of an alpha-proton on the acid prevents loss of stereochemical fidelity under the reaction conditions. Thus, using an enantiomerically pure Mosher's acid allows for determination of the configuration of simple chiral amines and alcohols. For example, the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of 1-phenylethanol react with (S)-Mosher acid chloride to yield (R,S)- and (S,S)-diastereomers, respectively, that are distinguishable in NMR.
CFNA (alternative to Mosher's acid)
A newer chiral derivatizing agent (CDA), α-cyano-α-fluoro (2-naphthyl)-acetic acid (2-CFNA) was prepared in optically pure form by the chiral HPLC separation of a racemic 2-CFNA methyl ester. This ester was obtained by fluorination of methyl α-cyano (2-naphthyl) acetate with FClO3. 2-CFNA has been shown to be a superior CDA than Mosher's agent to determine the enantiomeric excess of a primary alcohol.
Chromatography using CDAs
Upon reaction of a CDA with the target analyte, chromatography can be used to separate the resulting products. In general, chromatography can be used to separate chiral compounds to bypass difficult crystallizations and/or to collect all diastereomer pairs in solution. Chromatography also has many variations (e.g. HPLC, Gas Chromatography, flash chromatography) with a wide array of applicability to diverse categories of molecules. The ability for CDAs to separate chiral molecules is dependent on two major mechanisms of chromatography:
Differential solvation in the mobile phase
Differential adsorption to the stationary phase
Helmchen's postulates
Helmchen's Postulates are the theoretical models used to predict the elution order and extent of separation of diastereomers (including those formed from CDAs) that are adsorbed onto a surface. Although Helmchen's postulates are specific for amides on silica gel using liquid chromatography, the postulates provide fundamental guidelines for other molecules. Helmchen's Postulates are:
Conformations are the same in solution and when adsorbed.
Diastereomers bind to surfaces (silica gel in normal phase chromatography) mainly with hydrogen bonding.
Significant resolution of diastereomers is only expected when molecules can adsorb to silica through two contact points (two hydrogen bonds). This interaction can be perturbed by substituents.
Diastereomers with bulky substituents on the alpha carbon (R2) and on the nitrogen (R1) can shield the hydrogen bonding with the surface, thus the molecule will be eluted before similar molecules with smaller substituents.
Helmchen's postulates have been proven to be applicable to other functional groups such as: carbamates, esters, and epoxides.
Chiral stationary phases
Stationary phases can react with CDAs to form chiral stationary phases which can resolve chiral molecules. By reacting with alcohols on a silicate stationary phase, CDAs add a chiral center to the stationary phase, which allows for the separation of chiral molecules.
CDAs in NMR spectroscopy
CDAs are used with NMR spectroscopic analysis to determine enantiomeric excess and the absolute configuration of a substrate. Chiral discriminating agents are sometimes difficult to distinguish from chiral solvating agents (CSA) and some agents can be used as both. The speed of the exchange between the substrate and the metal center is the most important determining factor to differentiate between the use of a compound as a CDA or CSA. Generally, a CDA has a slow exchange whereas a CSA has a fast exchange. CDAs are more widely used than CSAs to determine absolute configurations because the covalent bonding to the substrate and auxiliary reagent produce species with greater conformational rigidity which creates greater differences in the NMR spectra. CDAs and CSAs can be used together to improve chiral recognition, although this is not a common.
NMR shift reagents such as EuFOD, Pirkle's alcohol, and TRISPHAT take advantage of the formation of diastereomeric complexes between the shift reagent and the analytical sample.
Primary concerns when using CDAs
The primary concerns to take into consideration when using a CDA in NMR spectroscopy are kinetic resolution, racemization during the derivatization reaction and that the reagent should have 100% optical purity. Kinetic resolution is especially significant when determining optical purity, but it is somewhat negligible when the CDA is being used to assign the absolute configuration of an optically pure substrate. Kinetic resolution can be overcome using excess of the CDA. Racemization can occur to either the CDA or the substrate and in both cases it has the potential to significantly affect the results.
Strategies for NMR analysis
The two basic methods of NMR analysis are single- and double-derivatization. Double-derivatization is generally considered more accurate, but single-derivatization usually requires less reagents and, thus, is more cost effective.
Single-derivatization methods
The NMR spectrum of the product formed from the reaction of the substrate with a CDA at room temperature is compared with one of the following:
Double-derivatization methods
Either the enantiomer of the substrate is derivatized with two enantiomers of the CDA or both enantiomers of the substrate are derivatized with one enantiomer of the CDA. Two diastereomers form in both cases and the chemical shifts of their nuclei are evaluated to assign the configuration of the substrate.
NMR techniques
The most common NMR techniques used when discriminating chiral compounds are 1H-NMR, 19F-NMR and 13C-NMR. 1H-NMR is the primary technique used to assign absolute configuration. 19F-NMR is almost exclusive applied to optical purity studies, and 13C-NMR is primarily used to characterize substrates that do not have protons that are directly bonded to an asymmetrical carbon atom.
References
Stereochemistry
Analytical reagents
Reagents for organic chemistry | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiral%20derivatizing%20agent |
Vladimir Ivanovich Yakunin (; born 30 June 1948) is a Russian businessman and close Vladimir Putin confidant. He was president of Russian Railways from June 2005 to August 2015. He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.
In March 2014, he was placed on the US State Department's list of Russian officials and businessmen sanctioned in the wake the annexation of Crimea.
Early life
Yakunin was born in Melenki in Gus-Khrustalny District, Vladimir Oblast. In 1972, Yakunin graduated from the Leningrad Mechanical Institute where he studied aircraft construction, and specialized in engineering and the maintenance of long-range ballistic missiles. Yakunin's career began in the State Institute for Applied Chemistry in Leningrad, where he worked from 1972 to 1975. In 1975, he joined the Soviet Army.
Career
Between 1985 and 1991, Yakunin was part of the Soviet diplomatic mission to the United Nations, becoming the Mission's First Secretary in 1988.
He served in the KGB during the Soviet era.
In the early 1990s, he owned a dacha in Solovyovka, Priozersky district of Leningrad region, on the eastern shore of the Komsomol'skoye lake on the Karelian Isthmus near St. Petersburg. His neighbours there included Vladimir Putin, Andrei Fursenko, Sergey Fursenko, Yuriy Kovalchuk, Viktor Myachin, Vladimir Smirnov and Nikolay Shamalov. On 10 November 1996, together they set up the co-operative society Ozero covering their properties.
Yakunin was the president of Russian Railways from 2005 until 2015.
On 12 December 2012 in Paris, the International Union of Railways General Assembly appointed Yakunin Chairman of the Union. He was unanimously reappointed on 3 December 2014 and continued to serve as head until his retirement.
Yakunin is President of the World Public Forum "Dialogue of Civilizations", an International NGO registered in Vienna, Austria, which he co-founded with C. Kapur of India and N. Papanikolao from Greece/USA. Before it was transformed into a DOC research Institute, World Public Forum "Dialogue of Civilizations" was an initiative to link people from different backgrounds, civilizations, traditions and religions. It organizes the annual Rhodes Forum on Dialogue of Civilizations.
Sanctions
On 20 March 2014, the United States government issued sanctions in response to what it saw as the Russian government's role in ongoing unrest in Ukraine. The Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN) imposes a travel ban to the United States, the freezing of all Yakunin's U.S. assets, and a ban on business transactions between American citizens and corporations and Yakunin and any businesses he owns. The Australian Government announced on 19 March 2014 that it would impose a sanctions regime in response to the Russian threat to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine. Yakunin was placed on Australia's DFAT consolidated list on 19 June 2014, described as a 'close personal and financial associate of Vladimir Putin'.
Sanctioned by the UK government in 2022 in relation to Russo-Ukrainian War.
Retired from Russian Railways
In August 2015, media reports said Yakunin has retired as head of Russian Railways, but in October, further reports suggested he had been dismissed. Russian and British media have alleged that Yakunin's dismissal was a direct result of his son Andrey Yakunin's decision to apply for UK citizenship.
Personal life
His son Andrey Yakunin owns property in the UK. Andrey ran a UK-based venture capital firm: Venture Investments & Yield Management LLP.
See also
List of individuals sanctioned during the Ukrainian crisis
References
Books
The Treacherous Path: An Insider's Account of Modern Russia (Biteback Publishing Ltd, 2018) [ hard bound]
External links
Vladimir Yakunin's blog
Yakunin: Crowds do not define public will
Putin Confidant Yakunin: 'Russia and the West Are Drifting Apart'
Excerpts From the Interview With Vladimir Yakunin
Q & A: Vladimir Yakunin
Vladimir Yakunin, President of Russian Railways
US accused of 'trying to destroy Russia'
KFAS Interview : Vladimir Yakunin
IBNA Interview: Vladimir Yakunin
Former Kremlin insider expects 2-year economic downturn
Modifying Russia according to Western patterns impossible — Russian Railways ex-CEO
Russian Railways ex-chief sets up international think tank to 'reduce tensions worldwide'
Message of UIC Chairman V. Yakunin on the occasion of the UN Climate Summit 2014
Message by V. Yakunin, UIC Chairman, on the occasion of the UIC General Assembly, Portoroz, 27 June 2014
Address by UIC Chairman Mr. Vladimir Yakunin June 2014
Message by Vladimir Yakunin, UIC Chairman, on the occasion of the UIC General Assembly Paris, 3 December 2014
Vladimir Yakunin: We should stop playing innocent September 29
Under US sanctions, Russian patriot Yakunin speaks in Berlin
For Putin Ally, U.S. Sanctions Only Add to Anti-Russia Conspiracy Theory
Russia's Yakunin Blasts "Global Financial Oligarchy" on Ukrainian Crisis
Vladimir Iakounine: "Nous avons besoin de garder un partenaire français dans Gefco"
France 24, Business Interview
Russian railway boss Vladimir Yakunin is trying to keep his company, country and President on track
Victor J. Yasmann "Russia: Could Yakunin Be 'First-Called' As Putin's Successor?", Radio Free Europe, 21 June 2006.
Yambaeva, Renata. The Railwayman Kommersant, 15 June 2005.
An interview with Dr. Vladimir Yakunin. Helsinki Times, 7 November 2018/
1948 births
Living people
1st class Active State Councillors of the Russian Federation
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary (Russian Federation)
People from Vladimir Oblast
Russian politicians
Russian people in rail transport
Russian businesspeople in transport
Commander's Crosses of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas
Recipients of the Order of Honour (Russia)
Recipients of the Grand Decoration with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria
Grand Officers of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Recipients of the Order of Holy Prince Daniel of Moscow
Grand Crosses of the Order of St. Sava
Academic staff of the Stockholm School of Economics
Russian individuals subject to the U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctions
Russian individuals subject to United Kingdom sanctions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir%20Yakunin |
Carl Andrews was a member of the New York State Senate from Brooklyn from 2002 to 2006. A Democrat, he represented Crown Heights, Flatbush, Park Slope, Windsor Terrace, and Prospect Heights.
A graduate of Medgar Evers College-with an MA in African-American Studies from SUNY-Albany-Andrews' first stint in public office came in 1981, when he sat on a community school board in the 17th District, Crown Heights. He's also served as a member of Community Board 8.
Andrews has taught as an adjunct professor at both The College of New Rochelle and at his alma mater, Medgar Evers College. In addition, he has served as Attorney General Eliot Spitzer's Director of Intergovernmental Relations.
In February 2002, Andrews ran for an open seat in the 20th State Senate district and won a special election to fill the vacancy left when Marty Markowitz won the race for Brooklyn Borough President in November 2001.
Congressional campaign
Andrews was one of four Democratic candidates vying to represent the 11th Congressional district of New York State in a hotly contested, volatile race.
Even though he was endorsed by influential New York politicians, including Attorney General Eliot Spitzer, State Senator Carl Kruger, New York City Comptroller Bill Thompson, he was also subjected to criticism for his decision to remain in this race-thus potentially splintering the African-American vote in a divided primary-especially after another African-American candidate, Assemblyman Nick Perry, withdrew from the race in May.
Carl Andrews was also the subject of criticism from some quarters for his close association with former chairman of the Kings County Democratic Party, and Assemblyman, Clarence Norman, who was forced to resign from his official positions as a result of his indictment and conviction on multiple felony counts of violating election law in late 2005.
On August 14, 2006, Andrews received the endorsement of the New York State AFL-CIO. In order to receive the endorsement Andrews need the support of over two-thirds of the union membership, which union president Dennis Hughes stated Andrews had achieved.
On September 12, 2006, Andrews was defeated in a four-way Democratic primary, garnering nearly 23% of the vote, and coming in third.
Candidate debate
Andrews participated in a debate broadcast by NY1 on August 24, 2006, stating that former Kings County Democratic Leader Clarence Norman "did some good things as county leader and some bad things as county leader". He also took highlighted several high-profile endorsements from leading members of the New York State Democratic Party, such as state Comptroller Alan Hevesi, and state Attorney General and gubernatorial candidate Eliot Spitzer.
References
External links
Carl Andrews For Congress
Race Is On For The Future Of Central Brooklyn
Fees and Thank You, Carl Andrews runs for Congress, trying to shed ties to King of Kings County Clarence Norman
2006 OpenSecrets, Sector Total, Race: New York District 11
Carl Andrews, Yvette Clark, Chris Owens, David Yassky, Debate Hosted by Jay DeDapper
Candidates For 11th District Congressional Seat Face Off On NY1
Andrews' response to the 2006 congressional screening questionnaire from the 504 Democratic Club of New York City
"If I Need to Call Spitzer..."
The CQPolitics Interview: Carl Andrews (N.Y. 11)
Fightin’ Eleventh candidates weigh in on Yards
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New York State AFL-CIO Endorses Carl Andrews For Congress
Carl Andrews For Congress Endorsement by The Jewish Press.
Living people
African-American state legislators in New York (state)
Democratic Party New York (state) state senators
Medgar Evers College alumni
Politicians from Brooklyn
1956 births
21st-century African-American politicians
20th-century African-American people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Andrews |
The Big Night is a 1951 American film noir directed by Joseph Losey, that features John Drew Barrymore (credited as "John Barrymore, Jr." in his first starring role), Preston Foster and Joan Lorring. The feature is based on a script written by Joseph Losey and Stanley Ellin, based on Ellin's 1948 novel Dreadful Summit. Hugo Butler and Ring Lardner, Jr. also contributed to the screenplay, but were uncredited when the film was first released. Robert Aldrich, who had been an assistant director on other films directed by Losey, also has a brief uncredited appearance in a scene at a boxing match.
Plot
On his 17th birthday, shy and bespectacled "Georgie" LaMain (John Barrymore, Jr.), is dared by classmates to kiss a girl, which he is reluctant to do. At his father Andy's (Preston Foster) bar, beneath a sign warning "No Minors Allowed," George asks if Andy's girlfriend, Frances, will be there too, but Andy is evasive. George is presented with a birthday cake but fails to blow out all the candles. Unexpectedly, influential sports columnist Al Judge (Howard St. John), who walks with a cane, enters the bar and orders George's father to strip off his shirt and kneel. Andy passively complies, and Judge savagely beats him with his cane. Andy will not explain why he submitted to the pain and humiliation, and his bartender Flanagan (Howard Chamberlin) urges George to let the issue lie. However, as Flanagan assists Andy, George takes some of his father's clothes to look more adult, as well as his father's gun, and leaves.
Stopping briefly at a nearby pharmacy, George is asked by the druggist to look after a baby for a moment, where George poses with the gun in front of a mirror. With no clear direction to take, George begins a night journey, going first to a boxing match that he and his father were to attend to celebrate his birthday, hoping that he will find Al Judge there. At the arena, George sells his father's ticket but is accused of ticket scalping by a conman (Emile Meyer) posing as a police officer, who takes the ticket money. Inside the arena, the man who bought the ticket, Professor Cooper (Philip Bourneuf), a journalism teacher, explains what happened and shares his disgust of Al Judge.
Cooper takes George to one of Judge's haunts, where George encounters the conman who robbed him and wins a fight with him. At another club, he also meets Cooper's girlfriend Julie (Dorothy Comingore) and her sister Marion (Joan Lorring) and has his first drink. George is entranced by a Black singer (Mauri Leighton, credited as Mauri Lynn) and tries to compliment the singer as they leave, but he uses an unintentionally racist phrase that he regrets.
At Julie's apartment, George passes out but wakes to find that Marion has been watching him. She expresses sympathy and concern and the two kiss, but George reacts hostilely and leaves when he finds that Marion had tried to hide his gun. At Judge's newspaper, he learns the journalist's address and goes there to confront him. Facing George's gun, Judge explains that he had punished Andy because Frances, the missing girlfriend at the birthday party, was his sister and that she had killed herself when Andy would not marry her. George cannot bring himself to shoot Judge, but the writer attacks him and in the struggle, Judge is shot. George seeks shelter with Marion and Cooper for a while, but when he returns to the bar, he sees that police have come to arrest his father for Judge's shooting. Afraid and confused and still holding the gun, George confesses but learns that Judge was only wounded. His father explains that he had not been able to marry Frances because was still married to George's mother, who had run off with another man. Andy had not wanted his son to grow up hating his mother. He persuades George to surrender the gun, and the two, professing their love for each other, go away with the police.
Cast
John Barrymore, Jr. as George La Main
Preston Foster as Andy La Main
Joan Lorring as Marion Rostina
Howard St. John as Al Judge
Dorothy Comingore as Julie Rostina
Philip Bourneuf as Dr. Lloyd Cooper
Howland Chamberlin as Flanagan
Myron Healey as Patrolman Kennealy
Emil Meyer as Peckinpaugh
Mauri Leighton as Terry Angelus
Reception
Critical response
When the film was released, film critic Bosley Crowther, panned the drama, writing, "Not only is the story presumptuous and contrived, without any clarification of character or theme, but it is directed by Joseph Losey in a provokingly ostentatious style and it is played by a cast of professionals as though it were an exercise at dramatic school. Preston Foster is funereal as the father, Howard St. John is insolent as the man who beats him up. Philip Bourneuf is bleary as a bibulous professor and Joan Lorring is sugary as a benevolent girl. Apparently everybody was concerned with theatrical effects and forgot all about a story with point and intelligence." Similarly, Variety's review criticized the "muddled script" and disliked the low-key lighting and "obscure" scenes that would be evoked by later critics as hallmarks of film noir style.
Seen in the light of film noir, Losey's career, and reconsiderations of the political elements of older films, The Big Night has fared much better with critics. Richard Brody, writing in The New Yorker, refers to the film as "an obscure gem" that "displays the sort of scathing critique of American society that, at the time of its release, led to trouble," claiming that it "reveals the period’s rank ideological foundations—an undercurrent of ethnic and racial hatred and an entrenched mythology of masculinity that gives rise to secrets, lies, and violence. Losey’s nerve-jangling style matches the subject: his images’ crisscrossing and striated lines evoke George's unresolved tangle of conscience and identity."
References
External links
1951 films
1951 drama films
American drama films
American black-and-white films
1950s English-language films
Film noir
Films based on American novels
Films directed by Joseph Losey
Films scored by Lyn Murray
Films with screenplays by Ring Lardner Jr.
United Artists films
1950s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Big%20Night%20%281951%20film%29 |
Osvaldo "Ozzie" Altobello is a fictional character and the primary antagonist of the 1990 film The Godfather Part III. In the film, he is portrayed by Eli Wallach.
Casting
Frank Sinatra biographer Tom Santopietro notes that Francis Ford Coppola approached Sinatra to play Altobello. The singer considered accepting the role, but was not keen on the heavy shooting schedule. Ultimately, his wife Barbara talked him out of it.
Appearances
The Godfather Part III
Altobello is an aging gangster and longstanding ally of the Corleone crime family. He is an influential member and liaison of the Sicilian Mafia in New York City and an old friend of the Corleone family. He is also a member of Propaganda Due (P2). By the time of The Godfather III, he has become a close friend and ally of Michael Corleone's. Altobello even donates one million dollars to be a part of the Vito Andolini Corleone Foundation. Aside from being Michael's associate, Altobello is Connie Corleone's godfather.
Altobello wants in on Michael's investments as he attempts to complete his family's move from crime-based profits to legitimate business. Altobello skillfully hides his nefarious intentions, but Michael grows suspicious after Joey Zasa, a Corleone family rival, orchestrates an assassination attempt on Michael and other family heads assembled for a Commission meeting in Atlantic City. Altobello had left the conference room just prior to the attack. Michael escapes unharmed, but many others are killed. Michael instructs his nephew Vincent Corleone to approach Altobello pretending to pledge his allegiance to Altobello, without promising to betray Michael.
While in Sicily, Altobello enlists a legendary, aged assassin named Mosca to kill Michael. He plans the attack for when Michael's son, Anthony, is performing in Cavalleria Rusticana at Teatro Massimo in Palermo. Before the performance, Connie presents Altobello with a box of cannoli as a birthday gift. He takes one from the box and offers Connie the first bite. She takes a small taste, seemingly calming his suspicions. Altobello eats the rest of the poisoned cannoli throughout the performance and dies in his seat as Connie watches through her opera glasses.
Sequel novels
Altobello is a supporting character in the novels The Godfather Returns and The Godfather's Revenge, set before the events of The Godfather Part III.
Other
Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories - Uncle Leone is based on Don Altobello.
References
Sources
The Godfather characters
Film characters introduced in 1990
Fictional mass murderers
Fictional Italian American people
Fictional crime bosses
Male film villains
Cultural depictions of the Mafia
Fictional murdered people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Altobello |
Lauenen (French: Lauvine, Romansh: Lavina) is a municipality in the Obersimmental-Saanen administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
History
Lauenen is first mentioned in 1296 as an der Lowinon. Lauenen is known as an area with substantial danger of landslides and avalanches, which is the origin of its name (German Lawine "landslide," from Latin labina "slide").
The oldest trace of a settlement in the area is a single Bronze Age artifact found at Feissenalp. Roman coins were found on the Wildhorn and near the village church. During much of the Middle Ages, Lauenen was part of the municipality and parish of Saanen. After years of negotiations, Lauenen became an independent parish in 1522 and finished building the parish church in 1524. When Bern accepted the new faith of the Protestant Reformation in 1528, Lauenen remained by the old faith. Finally, in 1556, the Reformation was introduced to this mountain village and they converted.
Traditionally the villagers supported themselves by raising crops on the valley floor and raising cattle in seasonal alpine camps. In the 1800s the nearby community of Gstaad became an internationally known spa town. As tourists flocked to Gstaad, Lauenen became a destination as well and grew wealthy. Many of the richly decorated houses in the village were built with profits from the tourist industry. In the 1970s the tourist industry in Lauenen changed as visitors bought vacation chalets and villas.
Geography
Lauenen has an area of . As of 2012, a total of or 38.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 25.0% is forested. The rest of the municipality is or 1.3% is settled (buildings or roads), or 1.0% is either rivers or lakes and or 34.6% is unproductive land.
During the same year, housing and buildings made up 0.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.5%. A total of 20.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 8.8% is pasturage and 29.3% is used for alpine pastures. Of the water in the municipality, 0.3% is in lakes and 0.8% is in rivers and streams. Of the unproductive areas, 5.4% is unproductive vegetation, 24.3% is too rocky for vegetation and 4.9% of the land is covered by glaciers.
Lauenen lies in the Bernese Oberland in the Lauenen Valley. The mountains in the south of the municipality, for instance Wildhorn () form the border with the canton of Valais. The municipality has a number of notable glaciers and lakes, including the Tungel Glacier, the Gelten Glacier, and Lake Lauenen. It consists of the village of Lauenen and several scattered small communities.
On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Saanen, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Obersimmental-Saanen.
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules a Crane rising Argent beaked and membered Or on a Mount of 3 Coupeaux of the second all dimidiated impaled with Azure a Key Or.
Demographics
Lauenen has a population () of . , 11.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last year (2010-2011) the population has changed at a rate of 0.5%. Migration accounted for -0.6%, while births and deaths accounted for 1.0%.
Most of the population () speaks German (742 or 93.5%) as their first language, Albanian is the second most common (23 or 2.9%) and French is the third (13 or 1.6%).
, the population was 49.6% male and 50.4% female. The population was made up of 351 Swiss men (43.8% of the population) and 47 (5.9%) non-Swiss men. There were 364 Swiss women (45.4%) and 40 (5.0%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 500 or about 63.0% were born in Lauenen and lived there in 2000. There were 170 or 21.4% who were born in the same canton, while 49 or 6.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 70 or 8.8% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 22.5% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 59.8% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 17.7%.
, there were 351 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 375 married individuals, 45 widows or widowers and 23 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 90 households that consist of only one person and 37 households with five or more people. , a total of 277 apartments (53.2% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 197 apartments (37.8%) were seasonally occupied and 47 apartments (9.0%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 23.7 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0.15%. In 2011, single family homes made up 33.9% of the total housing in the municipality.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
Heritage sites of national significance
The former farm house and mill at Dorf 247 is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.
Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 65.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (9.9%), the Social Democratic Party (SP) (7.9%) and the Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland (EDU) (4.3%). In the federal election, a total of 350 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 57.1%.
Economy
, Lauenen had an unemployment rate of 1.37%. , there were a total of 346 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 179 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 59 businesses involved in this sector. 69 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 13 businesses in this sector. 98 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 18 businesses in this sector. There were 417 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 39.8% of the workforce.
there were a total of 231 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 97, of which 91 were in agriculture and 6 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 56 of which 15 or (26.8%) were in manufacturing and 42 (75.0%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 78. In the tertiary sector; 11 or 14.1% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 2 or 2.6% were in the movement and storage of goods, 34 or 43.6% were in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was the insurance or financial industry, 2 or 2.6% were technical professionals or scientists, 5 or 6.4% were in education and 11 or 14.1% were in health care.
, there were 45 workers who commuted into the municipality and 158 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 3.5 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 259 workers (85.2% of the 304 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Lauenen. Of the working population, 9.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 52.8% used a private car.
In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Lauenen making 150,000 CHF was 12.9%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 18.9%. For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% and 22.0%, while the nationwide average was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively.
In 2009 there were a total of 301 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 71 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There were 7 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The greatest number of workers, 84, made between 50,000 and 75,000 CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Lauenen was 120,455 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.
In 2011 a total of 0.5% of the population received direct financial assistance from the government.
Religion
From the , 647 or 81.5% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 47 or 5.9% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 49 individuals (or about 6.17% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 19 (or about 2.39% of the population) who were Muslim. There was 1 person who was Buddhist. 22 (or about 2.77% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 9 individuals (or about 1.13% of the population) did not answer the question.
Education
In Lauenen about 49% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 11.1% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 51 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 54.9% were Swiss men, 15.7% were Swiss women, 15.7% were non-Swiss men and 13.7% were non-Swiss women.
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2011–12 school year, there were a total of 64 students attending classes in Lauenen. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 11 students in the municipality. The municipality had 2 primary classes and 42 students. Of the primary students, 4.8% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 2.4% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there was one lower secondary class with a total of 11 students.
, there were a total of 101 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 100 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while one student came from another municipality. During the same year, 18 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
Famous people
Gottfried Strasser (1854–1912), minister a poet (born in Lauenen)
Ernst Friedrich Langhans (1829–1880) worked as reformed minister in Lauenen from 1855 to 1858
Anna von Wattenwyl (1841-1927), religious worker and officer of The Salvation Army
References
External links
Website about Lake Lauenen region, including pictures and routes
Municipalities of the canton of Bern
Cultural property of national significance in the canton of Bern | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauenen |
Harmonium was the eponymous debut album by Québécois band Harmonium released in 1974. It was their most folk driven album, and features the song that made them famous "Pour un instant". It features nowhere near as exotic instrumentation as on their later albums, mostly sticking to simple guitar and bass arrangements, with occurrences of drums on a few songs.
Track listing
Side one
"Harmonium" (Serge Fiori, Michel Normandeau) – 6:36
"Si doucement" (Fiori) – 4:25
"Aujourd'hui, je dis bonjour à la vie" (Fiori) – 5:44
"Vieilles courroies" (Fiori, Normandeau) – 5:47
"100,000 raisons" (Fiori, Normandeau) – 3:42
Not on the original vinyl, it was introduced in the reedited CD.
Side two
"Attends-moi" (Fiori, Normandeau) – 4:40
"Pour un instant" (Fiori, Normandeau) – 3:21
"De la chambre au salon" (Fiori) – 5:43
"Un musicien parmi tant d'autres" (Fiori) – 7:05
Personnel
Serge Fiori – lead vocals, backing vocals, acoustic guitar
Michel Normandeau – backing vocals, acoustic guitar
Louis Valois – bass guitar
Rejean Emond – drums
Alan Penfold – flugelhorn
Charts
Certifications
Harmonium (band) albums
1974 debut albums
PolyGram albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonium%20%28Harmonium%20album%29 |
OYL or Oyl may refer to:
OYL
OYL may refer to:
OYL Industries, a former air conditioner manufacturer
Ontario Young Liberals
Oyl
Oyl is the surname of:
Olive Oyl, cartoon character
Castor Oyl, brother of Olive
See also
Oil (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OYL |
Edward Arthur Wilson (25 July 1878 - 7 November 1934), better known as Brother XII, was an English mystic who, in the late 1920s, founded a spiritual community located just south of the city of Nanaimo on Vancouver Island, off the west coast of British Columbia, Canada.
Early life
Wilson was born in Birmingham, England, into a religious family. He later claimed that during his childhood he was visited by angels.
Career
Wilson travelled the world as a mariner, first visiting Canada in 1905. He studied world religions, preparing himself, by his own account, for a destiny that was revealed to him in a vision in the South of France in the autumn of 1924. He soon attracted a devoted following, including a group of wealthy and socially prominent individuals.
Having taken the name Brother XII, he established the Aquarian Foundation in 1927. The group's beliefs were based largely upon the teachings of the Theosophical Society. He published two booklets, The Three Truths and Foundation Letters and Teachings, which explained his ideas and encouraged readers to donate money to his cause and to build homes in the colony, Cedar-by-the-Sea, which he was setting up near Nanaimo on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. With the goal of creating a self-sufficient community independent of the outside world, the Foundation acquired additional property on nearby Valdes and De Courcy Islands, largely through the donations of a wealthy socialite named Mary Connally from Asheville, North Carolina. Other followers gave donations, large and small, to support Brother XII's work as a spiritual teacher, as well as his political activity in support of a Democratic Senator from Alabama, James Thomas Heflin, who ultimately supported Herbert Hoover but was for a while a third-party candidate in the 1928 presidential election in the United States.
An insurrection developed within the ranks of the colony when Brother XII's critics charged that he had claimed to be the reincarnation of the Egyptian god Osiris, though he replied that he had been speaking figuratively, that Osiris and Isis were male and female principles in Nature. Still, Brother XII's misuse of Foundation funds and his extramarital affair with a woman who he claimed was his soul-mate led to the breakup of the colony. The Aquarian Foundation was legally dissolved in 1929, though he continued his work with the followers who had remained loyal to him during the crisis, as well as a number of new recruits.
As time passed, Brother XII became increasingly dictatorial and paranoid, fortifying his island kingdom and reportedly accumulating a fortune in gold. His mistress, Mabel Skottowe, née Rowbotham (under the name "Madame Z"), worked the members without respite, the tasks given being considered tests of their fitness to advance spiritually. One man who had been imprisoned in a cellar on the northern end of Valdes Island managed to row to Nanaimo to report the circumstances to the British Columbia Provincial Police, who investigated, but took no further action. Eventually, as conditions deteriorated, Brother XII's core group of disciples revolted and filed legal actions against him to recover the money they had contributed to his work. In a violent reaction, he destroyed the colony, smashing its buildings and farm equipment, and scuttling his flagship, the sailboat Lady Royal.
Wilson and Skottowe then escaped in their private tugboat, the Kheunaten, rather than appear in court to answer the charges brought by their former disciples. By 1932 they had fled to Europe, and were reported to have taken a large amount of gold with them. Wilson is reported to have died in Neuchâtel, Switzerland, on 7 November 1934, though he may have fabricated his death. He may have subsequently met his lawyer in San Francisco, whose son has provided an eyewitness account of the meeting.
Further reading
References
External links
John Oliphant, “WILSON, EDWARD ARTHUR (Brother XII; The Brother, XII; Brother Twelve; Amiel de Valdes),” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 16, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed March 23, 2022, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/wilson_edward_arthur_16E.html.
1878 births
1934 deaths
Angelic visionaries
Canadian Theosophists
English occult writers
English Theosophists
History of British Columbia
People from Birmingham, West Midlands
Religion in the Pacific Northwest
20th-century mystics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brother%20XII |
re-Foc is the first widely available album by Mexican guitar duo Rodrigo y Gabriela, released in 2002. Some songs are re-recorded versions of those that appeared on Foc, a 9-track demo put together by the band in April/May 2001. The demo was "recorded at home, without microphones - everything was played through the guitar pick-ups. This meant that some of the percussion on the strings sounded very quiet". Others were written for the album, which features contributions from the violinist Zoë Conway and bodhrán player and percussionist Robbie Harris.
Track listing
Some editions list the last track as "Sangre y Ritmo" instead of "Temple Bar".
Track 6 contains an excerpt of "Blitzkrieg" (Blitzkrieg).
Personnel
Rodrigo y Gabriela
Rodrigo Sánchez – acoustic guitar, cymbals, hi-hats, shakers
Gabriela Quintero – acoustic guitar
Additional performers
Zoë Conway – violin, vocals
Robbie Harris – percussion, bongos, shakers, cymbals, bodhrán
Johnny Daly – double bass
Claudia Chambers – cajón
Aran O'Malley – cymbals
Production
Produced by Rodrigo y Gabriela
Mixed by Alberto Pinto, except "Temple Bar", mixed by Fionan De Barra
Mastered by Robyn Robins
Art direction, design, and fire photography by Marcus Byrne
Photography by Cormac Scully
References
External links
Official site
2003 albums
Rodrigo y Gabriela albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re-Foc |
The Kresge Foundation is a philanthropic private foundation headquartered in Troy, Michigan, United States. The foundation works to expand opportunities in America's cities through grantmaking and investing in arts and culture, education, environment, health, human services and community development efforts. The Kresge Foundation is one of wealthiest charitable organizations in the world, with an endowment of $4.3 billion as of June 2021.
History
In 1924, with an initial gift of $1.6 million, Sebastian Kresge established the Kresge Foundation in Detroit. Twelve years earlier, he and partner John G. McCrory opened the first 5-and-10-cent store in Memphis, Tennessee, and parlayed the concept and operations into a chain of stores that were incorporated as the S.S. Kresge Company. In 1977, the enterprise became known as Kmart. The Kresge Foundation and Kmart are no longer affiliated.
Since 2006, the foundation has been led by Rip Rapson, formerly of the McKnight Foundation. He succeeded John Marshall III who had led the foundation for 19 years as president and CEO.
Kresge has practiced strategic philanthropy since completing a transition that began in 2007. Long known for its exclusive use of the challenge grant to help local communities raise funds for major construction and renovation projects, it now employs an array of funding methods to address and advance a set of narrowly defined programmatic objectives. It awards grants and makes program-related investments. Some grants are awarded for a single year; others are for multiple years. Some of its programs accept applications on an ongoing basis. Others proactively invite or solicit applications.
As of early 2019, about 15 percent of the foundation's domestic holdings were in firms owned by women and people of color. In April of that year, the foundation pledged to ramp up investment in women- and minority-owned firms to 25% by 2025. In November 2020, the foundation sent a standardized questionnaire to all of its 150 money-managing firms to measure the diversity of their ownership and compel these firms to diversify their management.
Investments and grants
Detroit
In the early 2000s, together with the City of Detroit and General Motors, the Kresge Foundation formed the Detroit Riverfront Conservancy as a nonprofit to build and operate the Detroit riverfront. The Kresge Foundation gave a challenge grant of $50 million to the conservancy which was, at the time, the largest grant awarded by the foundation. Over the following two decades, the conservancy has restored and built out 3.5 miles (5.6 km) of River Walk along the Detroit International Riverfront between Belle Isle and Joe Louis Arena, later to be extended to the Ambassador Bridge.
Since the late 2000s, the Kresge Foundation has awarded more than $6 million to more than 250 artists through the awards and fellowships in its Kresge Arts in Detroit program. In 2015, the foundation added the Gilda Awards, named after Gilda Snowden, to recognize emerging artists in Detroit.
In 2010, the foundation invested $35 million into the M-1 Rail (now QLine) project to build of streetcar service from Downtown Detroit through Midtown to New Center. In total, the foundation contributed $50 million to the streetcar project which opened in May 2017 at a total cost of $187 million. A gift from the foundation also allowed free rides on the QLine until early September of that year and at various periods in subsequent years.
In January 2013, the foundation pledged $150 million to aid in the implementation of a long-ranging, comprehensive framework for Detroit's future, also known as The Detroit Future City plan. That year, the foundation's Board of Trustees approved 316 awards totaling $122 million; $128 million was paid out to grantees over the course of the year. Kresge's Social Investment Practice made another $17.7 million available to organizations whose efforts support foundation goals through program-related investments. The foundation also played a major part in organizing the "grand bargain" to rescue the city of Detroit from bankruptcy in 2013. Kresge contributed $100 million of the $370 million raised to improve the city's finances. Kresge's CEO Rapson was in large part responsible for organizing several organizations that came together to raise the funds necessary for the plan.
The organization started Kresge Innovative Projects: Detroit (KIPD) in 2015 with a $5-million pilot program to award small grants to restore neighborhoods in Detroit. The program was relaunched in 2018 with $6 million in additional funds. As of August 2020, the program awarded grants to 127 projects in neighborhoods around the city.
In 2017, the Kresge Foundation invested $16 million to stabilize the finances of Marygrove College in Detroit and help develop a plan to transition the forested campus via the Marygrove Conservancy, a nonprofit organization created by the foundation in partnership with University of Michigan and the Detroit Public Schools Community District. The result, the School at Marygrove, is a K–12 school with plans to expand into an institution for the education of students from early childhood to junior college, also known as P–20.
National
From 2015 to 2020, the Kresge Foundation awarded more than $8.4 million in grants to developments through its FreshLo program which stands for "Fresh, Local & Equitable Initiative". The program awards grants to development projects around the United States that are food-focused in areas that lack access to fresh foods.
In November 2020, the foundation set aside $30 million over three years for nearly 60 organizations focused on racial justice in Detroit, Memphis, Fresno, and New Orleans as well as national civil-rights organizations. Among these were 20 organizations in Detroit that received a total of $8 million.
The Kresge Foundation made a number of financial contributions to help with the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2020, the foundation committed $19 million to help nonprofit organizations weather the pandemic. In Detroit, the foundation committed $2 million to back loans from the Paycheck Protection Program to nonprofits organizations. In March 2021, the foundation also backed a $5-million loan to a Detroit housing agency, United Community Housing Coalition, with $4.5 million guarantee as the agency waited for federal funds from the U.S. Congress to make their way through legislative hurdles. In April, Kresge announced that it would contribute $4.4 million, including $2 million in Detroit, to help with the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines.
Kresge's education program awards more than $10 million in grants to organizations focused on higher education. The foundation favors programs directed at low income students, "especially those living in cities, and underrepresented racial and ethnic groups, including first-generation students; Black, Indigenous, and people of color; veterans; and immigrant students". The education program is focused geographically in Michigan, Florida, California and Texas, and cities such as Detroit, Memphis and New Orleans.
In 2021, the foundation issued a loan guarantee of $4.5 million to the fund for the Memphis Medical District to improve housing and commercial spaces in the neighborhood which has a high poverty rate and a concentration of medical facilities.
References
External links
Organizations established in 1924
Troy, Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Kresge%20Foundation |
The Bharatas were an early Vedic tribe that existed in the latter half of the second millennium B.C.E.
The earliest mentioned location of the Bharatas was on the first Sarasvatī River in southern Afghanistan. Led by the tribal king Divodāsa, the Bharatas moved through the Hindu Kush mountains and defeated Śambara. Divodāsa's descendant, Sudās, won the Battle of the Ten Kings against a Pūru-led coalition, after which the initial compilation of hymns of the R̥gveda was carried out. After the battle, the Bharatas and other Pūru clans eventually formed the Kuru Kingdom, which was the first attested state in Indian history.
Etymology
The name Bharata is of Indo-Aryan and Indo-Iranian origin, meaning "bearers" or "carriers".
History
Two Bharatas, Devaśravas Bhārata and Devavāta Bhārata, are mentioned as living near the Āpayā, Sarasvatī and Dr̥ṣadvatī rivers.
Devavāta's son, Sṛñjaya Daivavāta, defeated the Turvaśas, and is mentioned alongside Abhyāvartin Cāyamāna who defeated the Vṛcīvants under Varaśikha. These battles occurred at the Hariyūpiyā (modern Hali-āb) and Yavyāvatī rivers (modern Zhob) in what is now eastern Afghanistan. In a hymn to Sarasvatī, it is stated that she aided (or is sought to aid) Vadhryaśva in defeating niggards, foreigners, insulters of gods, haters, and the sons of Br̥saya. Witzel notes that the name Br̥saya is of non-Indo-Aryan origin, and Parpola proposes that the name came from the language of the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex. He states that Br̥saya was a hereditary regnal title in the region, and that it existed even till the time of Alexander the Great. In addition, the poet expresses the desire not to leave the Sarasvatī river (modern Helmand and Arghandab). Both hymns mentioning the two are attributed to Bharadvāja Bārhaspatya.
Under the chieftain Divodāsa Atithigva, the Bharatas moved through the Hindu Kush mountain range, which borders the Indian subcontinent in the northwest. Divodāsa was adopted by Vadhryaśva after the former was given to him by the river goddess Sarasvatī. Divodāsa defeated the aboriginal mountain chief Śambara in the autumn of the fortieth year of campaigns, after destroying ninety-nine of the latter's forts. Under Divodāsa, the Bharatas were also enemies of the Yadu-Turvaśas. Divodāsa's allies were Prastoka, Aśvatha, and Sr̥ñjaya's son. Scholars differ on whether Sr̥ñjaya's son was a different person from Prastoka or Aśvatha. Several Rigvedic poets mention a patron-client relationship between Divodāsa and Bharadvāja. According to a hymn attributed to Suhotra Bhāradvāja, Bharadvāja was involved in Divodāsa's battles with Śambara. In another hymn, Garga Bhāradvāja enumerates the gifts that were donated to the Bharadvajas by Divodāsa and his allies, of which included part of the booty that was looted from Śambara.
Under Sudās Paijavana (a descendant of Divodāsa) and his purohita Viśvāmitra Gāthina, the Bharatas crossed the Vipāś and Śutudrī rivers (modern Beas and Sutlej). Eventually Viśvāmitra was replaced by Vasiṣṭha Maitrāvaruṇi.
Battle of the Ten Kings
Under Sudās and Vasiṣṭha, the Tṛtsu-Bharatas win the Battle of the Ten Kings. The first phase of the battle took place on the banks of the Paruṣnī river (modern Ravi) near Mānuṣa, west of Kurukṣetra. The principal antagonist is doubtful and names of the participating tribes are difficult to retrieve, in light of the phonological deformations of their names. Plausible belligerents of the tribal union include (in order) — Pūrus (erstwhile master-tribe of Bharatas), Yadu (probably commanded by Turvaśa), Yakṣu (relatively unimportant or a pun for Yadu), Matsyas, Druhyus, Pakthas, Bhalānas, Alinas, Viṣāṇins, Śivas, Vaikarṇa, and Anu.
Though seemingly an unequal battle, going by the numbers (this aspect is highlighted multiple times in the hymns), Sudās decisively won against the tribal alliance by strategic breaching of a (natural) dyke on the river thereby drowning most (?) of the opponents; the victory is attributed to the benevolence and strategizing of Indra, the patron-God of Bharatas, whose blessings were secured by Vasiṣṭha's poetics.
Thereafter, the battleground (probably) shifted to the banks of river Yamunā, wherein the local chieftain Bheda was defeated along with three other tribes — Ajas, Śighras, and the Yakṣus.
Aftermath
The Battle of the Ten Kings led Bharatas to occupy the entire Pūru territory (Western Punjab) centered around Sarasvatī River and complete their east-ward migration. Sudās celebrated his victory with the Aśvamedha ritual to commemorate the establishment of a realm, free of enemies from the north, east, and west. He still had enemies in the Khāṇḍava Forest to the south, which was inhabited by the despised non-Indo-Aryan Kīkaṭas
A political realignment between Pūrus and Bharatas probably followed soon enough and might have included other factions of the tribal union as well; this is exhibited from how the core collection of Rigveda prominently features clan-hymns of both the sides.
There is no clear mention of Sudās’ descendants or any succeeding Bharata king in the Rigveda. The Bharatas eventually evolve into the Kuru Kingdom; however, there is no record of this development due to the time gap between the R̥gveda and other Vedas.
Legacy in later literature
In the epic Mahābhārata, the ancestor of Kurus becomes Emperor Bharata, and his ruler and kingdom is called Bhārata. The Bharata clan mentioned in Mahabharata is a Kuru clan which is a sub clan of the Puru clan who were the cousins of the Yadavas. "Bhārata" today is an official name of the Republic of India.
See also
Vedic period
References
Notes
Bibliography
History of India
History of Punjab
Indo-Aryan peoples
Rigvedic tribes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatas%20%28tribe%29 |
Jeffrey Shockey is an American lobbyist and former congressional staffer. He worked for Republican Representative Jerry Lewis until 1999. In 2011, he founded the lobbying firm of Shockey Scofield Solutions with John Scofield. In 2014, Shockey was appointed as staff director of the House Intelligence Committee under incoming Chairman Devin Nunes. In 2016, Shockey became vice president of federal legislative affairs for Boeing.
Biography
Shockey received a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science in 1988, and an MPA in 1994 from California State San Bernardino. He then received a congressional appointment to become deputy staff director for the House Appropriations Committee. Shockey spent six years as a partner in the Washington, D.C.-based law firm of Copeland, Lowery, Jacquez, Denton & Shockey. He served on Congressman Jerry Lewis's personal office staff as legislative assistant, legislative director and appropriations associate from 1991 to 1999.
See also
Jerry Lewis – Lowery lobbying firm controversy
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Employees of the United States House of Representatives
American lobbyists
California State University, San Bernardino alumni
United States congressional aides | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Shockey |
Alfred "Al" Runte (April 16, 1947) is an environmental historian and former college educator from Seattle who ran for mayor of Seattle in 2005.
Background
Runte was born on April 16, 1947, in Binghamton, New York, where he graduated from North High School in 1965 and the State University of New York at Binghamton in 1969. He also holds an M.A. from Illinois State University (1971) and a Ph.D. in history from the University of California, Santa Barbara (1976). Runte has taught at five institutions of higher learning, including Baylor University and the University of Washington. Runte's work focuses on parks, conservation, and public transportation. His first book, National Parks: The American Experience (1979) is a study of the national park idea. Runte has also completed a history of railroads and the environment: Allies of the Earth: Railroads and the Soul of Preservation. He advised Ken Burns on the PBS series on the U.S. national parks.
2005 Mayoral campaign
In 2005 Runte ran for Seattle mayor, achieving second place amid a field of seven candidates in the September primary election, and finally losing to incumbent Greg Nickels in the general election.
Post-election
Since the election, Runte has remained a popular figure among the neighborhood parks and environmental interests in Seattle. He spoke before a crowd of diverse neighborhood groups in early 2006 which marched on Woodland Park Zoo to protest the mayor's plans to build a parking garage in the middle of a city park.
2007 City Council campaign
Runte ran for Position 3 on the Seattle City Council, formerly held by Peter Steinbrueck. Runte previously applied to fill Position 9 after it was made vacant in 2006, now held by Sally Clark.
Books by Al Runte
Burlington Northern and the Dedication of Mount St. Helens: New Legacy of a Proud Tradition. 1982.
Public Lands, Public Heritage: The National Forest Idea. 1991.
Yosemite: The Embattled Wilderness. 1993.
National Parks: The American Experience. 1997.
Trains of Discovery: Western Railroads and the National Parks. 1998.
Allies of the Earth: Railroads And the Soul of Preservation. 2006.
External links
Al Runte Seattle City Council campaign site
Denied Tenure in '85, former UW professor fights on, The Seattle Times, July 24, 2004
Al Runte For Mayor
King County Voters' Guide on Al Runte
Al Runte bio at Center for the Study of the Environment
Alfred Runte: Denied Tenure, Chronicle of Higher Education via History News Network
The Disgruntled Professor, The Stranger, October 20, 2005
Runte's campaign under the radar, Seattle Times, November 1, 2005
One more may join mayoral race, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, July 23, 2005
A 3-minute campaign for City Council, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, January 13, 2006
Runte seeks Steinbrueck's Seattle City Council seat, Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Strange Bedfellows blog), May 16, 2007
, King County Records and Elections
Clark sworn in as newest City Council member, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, February 7, 2006
1947 births
Living people
Politicians from Seattle
University of Washington faculty
Binghamton University alumni
Illinois State University alumni
University of California, Santa Barbara alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%20Runte |
In Christian scribal practice, nomina sacra (singular: nomen sacrum from Latin sacred name) is the abbreviation of several frequently occurring divine names or titles, especially in Greek manuscripts of the Bible. A nomen sacrum consists of two or more letters from the original word spanned by an overline.
Biblical scholar and textual critic Bruce M. Metzger lists 15 such words treated as nomina sacra from Greek papyri: the Greek counterparts of God, Lord, Jesus, Christ, Son, Spirit, David, Cross, Mother, Father, Israel, Savior, Man, Jerusalem, and Heaven. These nomina sacra are all found in Greek manuscripts of the 3rd century and earlier, except Mother, which appears in the 4th. All 15 occur in Greek manuscripts later than the 4th century.
Nomina sacra also occur in some form in Latin, Coptic, Armenian (indicated by the pativ), Gothic, Old Nubian, and Cyrillic (indicated by the titlo).
Origin and development
]
Nomina sacra are consistently observed in even the earliest extant Christian writings, along with the codex form rather than the roll, implying that when these were written, in approximately the second century, the practice had already been established for some time. However, it is not known precisely when and how the nomina sacra first arose.
The initial system of nomina sacra apparently consisted of just four or five words, called nomina divina: the Greek words for Jesus, Christ, Lord, God, and possibly Spirit. The practice quickly expanded to a number of other words regarded as sacred.
In the system of nomina sacra that came to prevail, abbreviation is by contraction, meaning that the first and last letter (at least) of each word are used. In a few early cases, an alternate practice is seen of abbreviation by suspension, meaning that the initial two letters (at least) of the word are used; e.g., the opening verses of Revelation in write (Jesus Christ) as . Contraction, however, offered the practical advantage of indicating the case of the abbreviated noun.
It is evident that the use of nomina sacra was an act of reverence rather than a purely practical space-saving device, as they were employed even where well-established abbreviations of far more frequent words such as and were avoided, and the nomen sacrum itself was written with generous spacing. Furthermore, early scribes often distinguished between mundane and sacred occurrences of the same word, e.g. a spirit vs. the Spirit, and applied nomina sacra only to the latter (at times necessarily revealing an exegetical choice), although later scribes would mechanically abbreviate all occurrences.
Scholars have advanced a number of theories on the origin of the nomina sacra. Biblical scholar Larry Hurtado has suggested Greek numerals as the origin of the overline spanning the nomen sacrum, with , the ordinary way of writing "18", being taken as reminiscent of a suspended form of ΙΗΣΟΥΣ (Jesus). In some Greek Scripture manuscripts the Hebrew tetragrammaton (transliterated as YHWH) is found unabbreviated in the Greek text. The Septuagint manuscript Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1007 even uses an abbreviated form of the tetragrammaton: two Greek zetas with a horizontal line through the middle, imitating two Paleo-Hebrew yodhs (𐤉𐤉).
Greek culture also employed a number of ways of abbreviating even proper names, though none in quite the same form as the nomina sacra. Inspiration for the contracted forms (using the first and last letter) has also been seen in Revelation, where Jesus speaks of himself as "the beginning and the end" and "the first and the last" as well "the Alpha and the Omega".
Linguist George Howard argues that (κύριος) and (θεός) were the initial nomina sacra, created by non-Jewish Christian scribes who "found no traditional reasons to preserve the tetragrammaton" in copies of the Septuagint. Hurtado, following Colin Roberts, rejects that claim in favour of the theory that the first was (Ἰησοῦς), as suggested in the Epistle of Barnabas, followed by the analogous (Χριστός), and later by and , at about the time when the contracted forms and were adopted for the first two.
Cilliers Breytenbach and Christiane Zimmermann report that by the end of the 2nd century nomina sacra occur even in Christian tomb inscriptions in Greek in Lycaonia (modern central Turkey).
List of Greek nomina sacra
New Testament Greek manuscripts containing nomina sacra (before 300 CE)
See also
Christogram
Staurogram
References
Further reading
Don C. Barker, "P.Lond.Lit. 207 and the origin of the nomina sacra: a tentative proposal", Studia Humaniora Tartuensia 8.A.2, 2007, 1–14.
Philip Comfort, Encountering the Manuscripts: An Introduction to New Testament Paleography and Textual Criticism, Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2005, pp. 199–253.
A.H.R.E. Paap, Nomina Sacra in the Greek Papyri of the First Five Centuries, Papyrologica Lugduno-Batava VIII (Leiden 1959).
Ludwig Traube. Nomina Sacra. Versuch einer Geschichte der christlichen Kürzung, Munich 1907.
Abbreviations
Christian symbols
Early Christian inscriptions
Christian terminology
Latin words and phrases | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomina%20sacra |
Andrew Leith Adams FRSE, FRS (21 March 1827 – 29 July 1882) was a Scottish army physician, naturalist and geologist. He collected and described specimens of birds and mammals, writing also about his travels in Asia and the middle east where he served at various times. He was married to the novelist Bertha Jane Grundy and was the father of the writer Francis Adams.
Life and career
Adams was the son of surgeon Francis Adams (1796–1861) and Espeth Shaw. After the early death of his mother, he was raised by his father in Banchory-Ternan. Along with their father the sons explored natural history along the banks of the Dee and in the Grampian mountains. They collected bird specimens for their family cabinet of curiosities. He studied medicine at Marischal College, University of Aberdeen in 1846 where he was influenced by William MacGillivray. Adams joined as an army physician in 1848, initially with the 94th foot but transferring to the 22nd Infantry Regiment in India. Between 1849–1854 he was posted in Dagshai, Rawalpindi and Peshawar (the last under Sir Sydney Cotton). He also served in Kashmir, Egypt, Malta (1861–1868), Gibraltar and Canada. He married Bertha Jane Grundy on 26 October 1859, who later became famous as a novelist.
He spent his spare time studying the natural history of these countries. He was among the first to study the interior of Ladakh and wrote about it in "The Birds of Cashmere and Ladakh". The orange bullfinch (Pyrrhula aurantiaca) was discovered by him as also the first breeding site of brown-headed gulls (Larus brunnicephalus) in the lakes of the Tibetan plateau. In 1868, following twenty years of service in the army, he was promoted to surgeon-major.
After his retirement from the army in 1873, Adams was professor of natural history at Trinity College, Dublin and Queen's College, Cork. He was elected a fellow of the Geographical Society in 1870, fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1872, and Fellow of the Royal Society in 1873. He died of a pulmonary haemorrhage on 29 July 1883 at Rushbrook Villa (Cork).
Adams sent most of his specimens to the Fort Pitt Museum of Natural History at Chatham founded by Sir James MacGrigor. These were examined by other zoologists and he is commemorated in the black-winged snowfinch Montifringilla adamsi and in the genus of the Pleistocene giant dormouse of Malta and Sicily Leithia melitensis and Leithia cartei. In 1868 Leith Adams described the very large form of giant dormouse from the Maqhlaq cave as Myoxus melitensis and the smaller form as Myoxus cartei. Later, Richard Lydekker assigned the two species to a new genus, named Leithia in honour of Leith Adams in 1895.
Publications
Adams wrote three books Wanderings of a Naturalist in India, the Western Himalayas and Cashmere (1867), Notes of a Naturalist in the Nile Valley and Malta (1871) and Field and Forest Rambles (1873) and contributed numerous notes to scholarly societies. His publications included:
2 plates, July 1862-Jan. 1863.
4 figures.
with a plate.
Adams, A.L. (1870). Notes of a naturalist in the Nile Valley and Malta. 195pp. Edinburgh (Edmonton and Douglas).
plates I–XXII.
Adams, A.L. (1874). Concluding Report on the Maltese Fossil Elephants. Report of the British Association for 1873, 185–187.
References
Attribution
Other sources
Anon (19 August 1882) Obituary: Andrew Leith Adams, M.B., F.R.S. The British Medical Journal 2(1129):338
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Naturalists from British India
Irish naturalists
Academics of Queens College Cork
Fellows of Trinity College Dublin
1827 births
1882 deaths
British ornithologists
Indian ornithologists
Natural history collectors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Leith%20Adams |
Ballindoon () Friary was a Dominican priory beside Lough Arrow in County Sligo, Ireland. It was dedicated to St. Mary and founded in 1507 by Thomas O'Farrell. It was dissolved and is now in ruins.
See also
List of abbeys and priories in Ireland (County Sligo)
References
Dominican monasteries in Ireland
Buildings and structures in County Sligo
Ruins in Ireland
1507 establishments in Ireland
1580s disestablishments in Ireland
Religious organizations established in the 1500s
Religion in County Sligo
Christian monasteries established in the 16th century | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballindoon%20Friary |
The 1985–86 UEFA Cup was the 15th season of the UEFA Cup, an annual club football tournament organised by UEFA. It was won by Real Madrid, who beat 1. FC Köln 5–3 on aggregate in the final. It was the first season in which English clubs were serving an indefinite ban from European football competitions, which meant two-time UEFA Cup winners Liverpool and Tottenham Hotspur, as well as Southampton and Norwich City were unable to compete.
Slot Allocation
Following UEFA ranking changes and the English ban, Italy, Portugal, Soviet Union and Netherlands gained a third berth. Greece took a place from Denmark.
For the 1985–86 UEFA Cup, the associations are allocated places according to their 1984 UEFA country coefficients, which takes into account their performance in European competitions from 1979–80 to 1983–84.
(*) As England banned.
First round
|}
First leg
Second leg
LASK won 3–0 on aggregate.
Lokomotiv Sofia won 6–4 on aggregate.
Dinamo Tirana won 1–0 on aggregate.
2–2 on aggregate; Vardar won on away goals.
Borussia Mönchengladbach won 3–1 on aggregate.
Lokomotive Leipzig won 6–1 on aggregate.
Bohemians Praha won 5–4 on aggregate.
Dnipro won 5–2 on aggregate.
Partizan won 4-1 on aggregate.
Spartak Moscow won 4–1 on aggregate.
Legia Warsaw won 4–1 on aggregate.
Hammarby won 7-1 on aggregate.
3–3 on aggregate; Videoton won on away goals.
PSV Eindhoven won 6–0 on aggregate.
RFC Liège won 4-1 on aggregate.
Waregem won 6–2 on aggregate.
Nantes won 4–2 on aggregate.
4–4 on aggregate; Chornomorets Odesa won on away goals.
Hajduk Split won 7–3 on aggregate.
Internazionale won 5–1 on aggregate.
Sporting CP won 4-3 on aggregate.
Torino won 3–2 on aggregate.
2–2 on aggregate; Sparta Rotterdam won 4–3 on penalties.
Club Brugge won 6–5 on aggregate.
St Mirren won 3-1 on aggregate.
Dundee United won 7–4 on aggregate.
Köln won 2–1 on aggregate.
Osasuna won 2-1 on aggregate.
Milan won 4–3 on aggregate.
Real Madrid won 5–1 on aggregate.
Athletic Bilbao won 5–1 on aggregate.
Neuchâtel Xamax won 7-4 on aggregate.
Second round
|}
First leg
Second leg
Dundee United won 3–1 on aggregate.
Real Madrid won 2–1 on aggregate.
Legia Warsaw won 2–1 on aggregate.
Köln won 8–2 on aggregate.
Hajduk Split won 4–2 on aggregate.
Dnipro won 3–2 on aggregate.
1–1 on aggregate; Neuchâtel Xamax won on away goals.
3–3 on aggregate; Milan won on away goals.
Nantes won 5–1 on aggregate.
Borussia Mönchengladbach won 6–2 on aggregate.
Spartak Moscow won 4–1 on aggregate.
Athletic Bilbao won 4–1 on aggregate.
Hammarby won 5–4 on aggregate.
Internazionale won 4–1 on aggregate.
Waregem won 3–2 on aggregate.
Sporting CP won 1–0 on aggregate.
Third round
|}
First leg
Second leg
Hajduk Split won 3–0 on aggregate.
Internazionale won 1–0 on aggregate.
Köln won 4–3 on aggregate.
Nantes won 2–1 on aggregate.
Neuchâtel Xamax won 4–3 on aggregate.
Following the referee's controversial decision to award Waregem a penalty in the 44th minute as the foul looked to be outside of the penalty area, Milan fans pelted the pitch with missiles some of which hit several Waregem players. Following the match, as a result of the incident, AC Milan received a two-match European competition stadium ban, enforced at the start of their 1987–88 UEFA Cup campaign.Waregem won 3–2 on aggregate.
5–5 on aggregate; Real Madrid won on away goals.
Sporting CP won 4–2 on aggregate.
Quarter-finals
|}
First leg
Second leg
Köln won 3–1 on aggregate.
1–1 on aggregate; Waregem won 5–4 on penalties.
Internazionale won 6–3 on aggregate.
Real Madrid won 3–2 on aggregate.
Semi-finals
|}
First leg
Second leg
Köln won 7–3 on aggregate.
Real Madrid won 6–4 on aggregate.
Final
First leg
Second leg
Real Madrid won 5–3 on aggregate.
Notes
External links
1985–86 All matches UEFA Cup – season at UEFA website
Official Site
Results at RSSSF.com
All scorers 1985–86 UEFA Cup according to protocols UEFA
1985/86 UEFA Cup - results and line-ups (archive)
UEFA Cup seasons
3 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985%E2%80%9386%20UEFA%20Cup |
Lawtons is a Canadian drug store chain owned by the Sobeys Group of Stellarton, Nova Scotia; its head office is located in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
It is a participant in the voluntary Scanner Price Accuracy Code managed by the Retail Council of Canada.
Operations
The company has over 67 locations operating throughout Atlantic Canada, in the provinces of New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. In many Atlantic Canada communities, the company is the only drug store. In others, it competes with Shoppers Drug Mart or I.D.A. pharmacies. Its parent company Sobeys has no plans to expand outside Atlantic Canada.
The word "Drugs" was dropped from the name when a new logo was introduced in 2004.
References
External links
Official website
Canadian pharmacy brands
Companies based in Nova Scotia
Sobeys
Year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawtons |
(born July 25, 1950) is an anime director. After leaving Tokyo Designer Gakuin in the middle of his studies, he joined A Production (then known as Shin'ei Dōga). In 1982, with some of the staff producing Kaibutsu-kun (including Yoshinobu Sanada, Toshiyuki Honda, and Makoto Moriwaki), Fukutomi founded , now known as Studio Comet.
Projects as director
Listed alphabetically.
Art of Fighting
Battle Angel (OVA)
Captain Tsubasa J
Doraemon: Nobita's Dinosaur
Fatal Fury: Legend of the Hungry Wolf
Flint the Time Detective
Galactic Patrol Lensman
Highschool! Kimen-gumi
Kaibutsu-kun (2nd series)
Locke the Superman Witch Era
The Marshmallow Times
Old Master Q and his Little Water Margin Tale
Suzuka
Those Who Hunt Elves 2
Whistle!
Hello, Hiroshi and Utako (spin-off of Kaibutsu-kun) (from the end of 2010 at 2011)
External links
Interview with Hiroshi Fukutomi and Toshiyuki Honda
Anime directors
1950 births
Living people
People from Kōchi Prefecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshi%20Fukutomi |
Alick Donald Walker (26 October 1925 – 4 December 1999) was a British palaeontologist, after whom the Alwalkeria genus of dinosaur is named.
He was born in Skirpenbeck, near York and attended Pocklington School from 1936 to 1943. He began a degree course in engineering at Cambridge, but dropped out in 1944. In 1948 he returned to university after national service, reading Geology at the University of Bristol. On graduation, he joined the research group of Professor Stanley Westoll at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, working on the fossil reptiles of the Late Triassic found in Elgin. He was appointed Lecturer in Geology in 1954, while working on his PhD.
The bony remains of the Elgin reptile fossils were poor, sometimes just indentations in rocks. Walker devised a new casting method to capture the anatomical information in these fossils, using PVC; many of the resulting casts are now in the National Museum of Scotland and the Natural History Museum. His early work was also notable for reclassifying and naming the English theropod dinosaurs Eustreptospondylus and Metriacanthosaurus.
In the late 1960s Walker studied the origin of crocodilians and of birds, which became controversial in 1972 with his publication of a paper in Nature arguing for a close relationship between sphenosuchian crocodylomorphs and birds. He later accepted that this hypothesis might be incorrect in a 1985 paper on Archaeopteryx.
Selected publications
Walker AD. 1964. Triassic reptiles from the Elgin area: Ornithosuchus and the origin of carnosaurs. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 248: 53–134.
Walker AD. 1972. New light on the origin of birds and crocodiles. Nature 237: 257–263
Walker AD. 1985. The braincase of Archaeopteryx. In: Hecht MK, Ostrom JH, Viohl G, Wellnhofer P, eds. The Beginnings of Birds, pp. 123–134. Freunde des Jura-Museums Eichstätt, Germany.
References
Alick D. Walker 1925–1999: an appreciation, Benton and Walker, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 136, 1–5
1925 births
1999 deaths
People from Stamford Bridge, East Riding of Yorkshire
British palaeontologists
Alumni of the University of Bristol
Alumni of Newcastle University
Academics of Newcastle University
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Scientists from Yorkshire
People educated at Pocklington School | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alick%20Walker |
is a Japanese voice actress who is affiliated with Theater Echo.
Filmography
Anime television series
Aim for the Ace! (Kyoko Otowa)
Ashita no Nadja (Johanna)
Combat Mecha Xabungle (Greta Karas)
Fullmetal Alchemist (Lebi)
Hiatari Ryōkō! (Chigusa Mizusawa)
La Seine no Hoshi (Princess Marie Therese)
Maison Ikkoku (Kasumi)
Monster (Lunge's Wife)
Otome Yōkai Zakuro (Kushimatsu)
Paranoia Agent (Misae Ikari)
Pygmalio (Medusa)
Super Doll Licca-chan (Nanae Kayama)
Tekkaman: The Space Knight (Mūtan)
Touch (Haruko Uesugi)
Urusei Yatsura (Ran (2nd voice))
Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters GX (Tania)
Original video animations
Giant Robo: The Animation (Youshi)
Urusei Yatsura works (Ran)
Virgin Fleet (Suzukure Mibuno)
Anime films
Farewell to Space Battleship Yamato (Sarbera)
Touch works (Haruko Uesugi)
Urusei Yatsura works (Ran)
Candy Candy the Movie works (Mrs. Leagan)
Tokusatsu
Saru No Gundan (Bop)
Bouken Rockbat (Mimi-chan)
Daitetsujin 17 (Tommy Boys)
Game
Eternal Arcadia (Teodora)
Mobile Suit Gundam: Zeonic Front (Sophie Franc)
Dubbing roles
Live-action
Kathy Bates
American Horror Story: Hotel (Iris)
The Highwaymen (Miriam "Ma" Ferguson)
Revolutionary Road (Helen Givings)
Richard Jewell (Barbara "Bobi" Jewell)
Whoopi Goldberg
Ghost (Oda Mae Brown)
It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie (The Boss)
Made in America (Sarah Mathews)
Monkeybone (Death)
24 (Sherry Palmer (Penny Johnson Jerald))
Addams Family Values (Debbie Jellinsky (Joan Cusack))
The Americans (Claudia (Margo Martindale))
Bionic Woman (Ruth Truewell (Molly Price))
The Burning (1985 Fuji TV edition) (Diane (Kevi Kendall))
Cat People (2003 DVD edition) (Female (Ruby Dee))
Coneheads (Prymaat Conehead / Mary Margaret Rowney (Jane Curtin))
Cory in the House (Ms. Vanderslyce (Amy Tolsky))
The Crow (1997 TV Tokyo edition) (Darla Mohr (Anna Thomson))
Date Movie (Roz Fockyerdoder (Jennifer Coolidge))
Death on the Nile (Marie Van Schuyler (Jennifer Saunders))
Desperate Housewives (Martha Huber (Christine Estabrook))
Dharma & Greg (Abby O'Neil (Mimi Kennedy))
Die Hard with a Vengeance (Connie Kowalski (Colleen Camp))
Dinosaurs (Fran Sinclair)
Downton Abbey (Maud, Lady Bagshaw (Imelda Staunton))
Episodes (Beverly Lincoln (Tamsin Greig))
ER (Kerry Weaver (Laura Innes))
Falling Down (1997 TV Asahi edition) (Amanda Prendergast (Tuesday Weld))
Fires (Caris Mazzeo (Noni Hazlehurst))
The Fisher King (Anne Napolitano (Mercedes Ruehl))
The Forgotten (Anne Pope (Alfre Woodard))
Frasier (Roz Doyle (Peri Gilpin))
The Good Wife (Diane Lockhart (Christine Baranski))
The Good Fight (Diane Lockhart (Christine Baranski))
Halloween II (1988 NTV edition) (Nurse Karen Bailey (Pamela Susan Shoop))
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (Dolores Umbridge (Imelda Staunton))
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (Dolores Umbridge (Imelda Staunton))
High School Musical (Ms. Darbus (Alyson Reed))
Hitchcock (Alma Reville (Helen Mirren))
The Hollars (Sally Hollar (Margo Martindale))
How the Grinch Stole Christmas (Betty Lou Who (Molly Shannon))
Hudson Hawk (Minerva Mayflower (Sandra Bernhard))
Igby Goes Down (Mimi Slocumb (Susan Sarandon))
In & Out (Emily Montgomery (Joan Cusack))
Kindergarten Cop (Jillian (Cathy Moriarty))
Kindergarten Cop (1995 TV Asahi edition) (Detective Phoebe O'Hara (Pamela Reed))
Last Action Hero (Irene Madigan (Mercedes Ruehl))
The Last Emperor (1989 TV Asahi edition) (Ar Mo (Jade Go))
Little Fockers (Roz Focker (Barbra Streisand))
Little Voice (Mari Hoff (Brenda Blethyn))
MacGyver (Matilda "Matty" Webber (Meredith Eaton))
The Man from Toronto (The Handler (Ellen Barkin))
The Man Who Invented Christmas (Elizabeth Dickens (Ger Ryan))
Meet the Fockers (Roz Focker (Barbra Streisand))
Melrose Place (Jo Reynolds (Daphne Zuniga))
Milk Money (V (Melanie Griffith))
Mission: Impossible (Shannon Reed (Jane Badler))
Mrs. America (Bella Abzug (Margo Martindale))
The Nude Bomb (1988 TV Asahi edition) (Agent 34 (Sylvia Kristel))
Out of Sight (Karen Sisco (Jennifer Lopez))
The Outsider (Jeannie Anderson (Mare Winningham))
The Pale Horse (Sybil Stamfordis (Kathy Kiera Clarke))
Panic Room (Lydia Lynch (Ann Magnuson))
The Parent Trap (Chessy (Lisa Ann Walter))
Parental Guidance (Diane Decker (Bette Midler))
Piranha (Maggie McKeown (Heather Menzies))
Powder (Jessie Caldwell (Mary Steenburgen))
The Purple Rose of Cairo (Rita (Deborah Rush))
Rambo: Last Blood (Maria Beltran (Adriana Barraza))
RoboCop 3 (Anne Lewis (Nancy Allen))
Rome (Atia of the Julii (Polly Walker))
Romy and Michele's High School Reunion (Heather Mooney (Janeane Garofalo))
Sledge Hammer! (Detective Dori Doreau (Anne-Marie Martin))
Sleepless in Seattle (Victoria (Barbara Garrick))
Stage Mother (Maybelline Metcalf (Jacki Weaver))
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (Kira Nerys (Nana Visitor))
The Stepford Wives (Bobbie Markowitz (Bette Midler))
Stuck on You (Cher)
Twilight (Lieutenant Verna Hollander (Stockard Channing))
Veronica's Closet (Olive Massery (Kathy Najimy))
Werewolf by Night (Verussa Bloodstone (Harriet Sansom Harris))
West Side Story (1979 TBS edition) (Velma (Carole D'Andrea))
Working Girl (Cynthia (Joan Cusack))
Animation
Aaahh!!! Real Monsters (Oblina)
Arthur Christmas (Margaret Claus)
Bambi (Aunt Ena)
Chicken Run (Bunty)
Coraline (April Spink)
Dumbo (Prissy, 1983 version)
Goof Troop (Peg Pete)
Inside Out (Dream Director)
Meet the Robinsons (Lucille Krunklehorn)
Strange World (Ro)
Titan A.E. (Stith)
The Transformers (Elita One, Wheelie, Marissa Faireborn)
References
External links
Living people
1952 births
Actresses from Tokyo
Japanese voice actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazue%20Komiya |
Tania is usually a given name. It may refer to:
Given name
Tânia Alves, Brazilian actress and singer
Tania Brishty, Bangladesh actress and model
Tania Bambaci (born 1990), Italian actress
Tania Belvederesi (born 1978), Italian cyclist
Tania Cagnotto (born 1985), Italian diver
Tania Marie Caringi (born 1986), Italian-American model
Princess Tania de Bourbon Parme, French designer
Tania de Jong, Dutch-born Australian soprano and entrepreneur
Tania Detomas (born 1985), Italian snowboarder
Tania Di Mario (born 1979), Italian water polo player
Tania Emery, British actress
Tania Gunadi, Indonesian-born actress
Tania Khalill, Brazilian actress
Tania Lacy, Australian comedian
Tania Lineham, New Zealand science teacher
Tania Libertad, Peruvian singer
Tania Mak (born 1986), Chinese triathlete
Tânia Martins (born 1957), Brazilian poet
Tania Nehme, Australian film editor
Tania Raymonde, American actress
Tania Roxborogh, New Zealand author
Tania Sachdev, Indian chess player
Tania Stevenson, Scottish-born transgender politician
Tania Vincenzino (born 1986), Italian long jumper
Tania Zaetta, Australian Bollywood actress
Single name
Tamara Bunke a.k.a. "Tania" or "Tania the Guerrillera", a Communist revolutionary who died alongside Che Guevara
Tania (artist) (1920-1982), artist
Tania (Indian actress)
Tania (tango singer) (1893-1999), stage name of Ana Luciano Divis, Spanish tango singer
Patricia Hearst, who took the alias "Tania" in honor of Tamara Bunke
Fictional characters
Tania, a fictional character in The Faerie Path
Tania, a fictional character in Tropic of Cancer
See also
-tania
Tanja (name)
Tanya (name)
Tonya (name)
Tonje (name)
Tonja (name)
Tonia (name) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tania |
Lambert James Bartak (April 8, 1919 – November 3, 2013) was an American organist, best known for playing at the College World Series.
Biography
Bartak was the full-time organist for the NCAA Division I College World Series at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium in Omaha, Nebraska. He played full-time for the series from 1983 through his retirement in 2010. He had first played the organ for the event in 1955.
Bartak also played the organ for the minor league Omaha Royals from 1973 to 2002. Bartak performed in one of the few stadiums that still featured live music, as most stadiums had switched to prerecorded music. His image was often shown on the video screens at Rosenblatt and on broadcasts of the games.
Bartak is one of three organists to be ejected from a baseball game, the others being Wilbur Snapp in 1985 and Derek Dye in 2012. During an Omaha Royals game on May 26, 1988, Royals catcher Larry Owen argued a call with home plate umpire Ángel Hernandez. Manager Glenn Ezell joined the fray and, during the argument, Bartak played the theme song from The Mickey Mouse Club. After Bartak played the spelling portion of the song, "M-I-C-K-E-Y M-O-U-S-E", another umpire, Tony Maners, motioned to the press box ejecting Bartak. Coincidentally, Maners later umpired during the 2006 College World Series.
Bartak retired following the 2010 College World Series, ending his career with the ballpark he loved, Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium. TD Ameritrade Park, when it opened in 2011, ushered in the era of Omaha, Nebraska, native Jerry Pawlak as Bartak's successor at the organ. The original organ that Bartak played at Rosenblatt has been restored and is being used at TD Ameritrade Park.
Bartak was born in Clarkson, Nebraska, in 1919. His father was a Czech immigrant to he United States. Bartak served in the United States Army during World War II, playing in a military band. He died in San Diego at the age of 94 in 2013.
References
External links
Baseball's Timeless Tradition from CBS (June 2007) via YouTube
1919 births
2013 deaths
Musicians from Omaha, Nebraska
College World Series
Stadium organists
American male organists
21st-century American keyboardists
21st-century American male musicians
People from Colfax County, Nebraska
United States Army personnel of World War II | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert%20Bartak |
Cyril Saulnier (, born 16 August 1975) is a retired French tennis player. In 2005, he started giving tennis lessons in places such as Heliopolis Sporting Club (Egypt). He is now director of the Proworld Tennis Academy in Delray Beach, Florida where he is a full-time coach mentoring up and coming professionals and is currently working on a trial basis with Yulia Putintseva. He is currently married with one daughter and resides in Boca Raton, Florida.
Tennis career
Saulnier reached the third round of the Canada Masters and the Paris Masters in 2004, defeating World No. 13 Dominik Hrbatý in the latter.
In the 2005 SAP Open in San Jose, he reached the final, enabling him to be ranked inside the Top 50 for the first time in his career, reaching as high as World No. 48 in March 2005.
ATP career finals
Singles: 1 (1 runner-up)
ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals
Singles: 7 (4–3)
Doubles: 1 (0–1)
Performance timeline
Singles
References
External links
French male tennis players
French tennis coaches
Sportspeople from Boca Raton, Florida
Sportspeople from Toulon
1975 births
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril%20Saulnier |
The Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA) is an inter-governmental forum for enhancing cooperation towards promoting peace, security and stability in Asia. It is a forum based on the recognition that there is a close link between peace, security and stability in Asia and in the rest of the world. The key idea of the Conference is based on the priority of the indivisibility of security, joint initiative and mutually beneficial interaction of small and large states.
The idea of convening the CICA was first proposed by Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev on 5 October 1992, at the 47th Session of the United Nations General Assembly. On October 5, 2017, the CICA process celebrated its 25th anniversary.
Background
The proposal for convening the CICA was welcomed by a number of Asian countries. During the next seven years, a series of meetings were held among the interested countries to discuss modalities of convening the CICA and draft basic documents.
The first meeting of the CICA Ministers of Foreign Affairs was held on 14 September 1999 with participation of 15 Member States. The Declaration on Principles Guiding Relations between CICA Member States was adopted at this meeting.
The first CICA summit was held on 4 June 2002 with participation of 16 Member States and Almaty Act, the charter of the CICA, was adopted. The impetus for this meeting came from the 9-11 terrorist attacks of the previous year. Thus, counter-terrorism became an important issue for CICA, and this theme has run through the subsequent meetings.
At the second meeting of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs in 2004, CICA Catalogue of Confidence-Building Measures and CICA Rules of Procedures were adopted. At the second CICA Summit in 2006, it was decided to admit Thailand and Republic of Korea as new members and to establish a permanent secretariat. At the third meeting of Ministers of Foreign Affairs in 2008, Jordan and UAE were admitted as new members. At the third CICA Summit in 2010, Turkey assumed Chairmanship of CICA from the founding Chairman Kazakhstan. The third Summit also admitted Iraq and Vietnam as new members and adopted the CICA Convention. Bahrain and Cambodia joined CICA in 2011, Bangladesh and Qatar joined in 2014, Sri Lanka in 2018 and Kuwait in 2022.
Membership
Member states (28)
Observer states (9)
Observer organizations (5)
International Organization for Migration
Parliamentary Assembly of Turkic Speaking Countries
Partner Organizations (6)
Assembly of People of Kazakhstan
Economic Cooperation Organization
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
Chairmanship
(2002–2010)
(2010–2014)
(2014–2018)
(2018–2020)
(2020–2024)
Summits
2002 Summit
The first CICA summit was held in Almaty on June 4, 2002. The idea was proposed by Kazakhstan at the end of the Cold War and at the time of shifting geopolitics, provided a timely opportunity for the Asian nations to address modern challenges to the international peace and stability and set out the vision to tackle them.
The fledgling forum's main purpose of bringing peace to all, including bringing together seemingly irreconcilable countries and interests, was immediately put to a real life test.
The CICA Summit drew spotlight of the world's attention to Almaty, provided the background for laying the foundations for the first security organization in Asia.
The 16 nations signed the Almaty Act, the Charter of the CICA and pledging to work "towards promoting peace, security and stability in Asia".
The Act was signed by Chairman of the Administration of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai, President of China Jiang Zemin, Prime Minister of India Atal Behari Vajpayee, President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kyrgyzstan Askar Akayev, President of Mongolia Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf, President of Russia Vladimir Putin, President of Turkey Ahmet Necdet Sezer, and President of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon. Signatories from other CICA members included the prime ministers of Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan, a deputy prime minister of Israel, as well as special high-level envoys from Egypt, Iran, and Palestine.
Ten more nations, including the United States, were accorded observer status in the new forum, as also a number of international organizations, such as the UN, the OSCE and the Arab League.
In the final Almaty Act, the 16 leaders said that the CICA process presents "new opportunities for cooperation, peace and security in Asia" and "will guide us towards a better future, which our peoples deserve". They declared their "determination to form in Asia a common and indivisible area of security, where all states peacefully coexist, and their peoples live in conditions of peace, freedom and prosperity, and confident that peace, security and development complement, sustain and reinforce each other."
The leaders agreed to hold summits every four years, while the foreign ministers are to meet every two years. There are also provisions allowing for special meetings and summits to be convened at the consensus at other times. The committee of senior officials will keep up the organizational work and will meet annually.
In another major development, the leaders adopted the CICA Declaration on Eliminating Terrorism and Promoting Dialogue among Civilizations, condemning "all forms and manifestations of terrorism, committed no matter when, where or by whom," and declaring their commitment to cooperation with each other and other nations in combating terrorism.
2006 Summit
The second CICA summit was held in Almaty on June 17, 2006 with participation of the Heads of State/Government of Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Thailand and Uzbekistan and Special Envoys of the Heads of State/Government of Egypt, India, Iran, Israel, Mongolia, Palestine, Turkey and Republic of Korea which was admitted as the eighteenth member of CICA.
The Second Summit adopted the Statute of CICA Secretariat and Declaration of the Second CICA Summit. The Declaration of the Second CICA Summit reflected the general view of the member states on key problems of security and cooperation in Asia and in other parts of the world. The Declaration also reiterated the desire of the member states to continue the efforts to move forward CICA process to achieve its shared objectives; and noted with satisfaction that the establishment of CICA Secretariat in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan was an important milestone in the evolution of CICA process. It was also decided to mark October 5 as CICA Day to commemorate the initiation of the proposal for convening the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia by H.E. Mr. Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the 47th Session of the United Nations General Assembly in 1992.
2010 Summit
The third CICA Summit was held in Istanbul, Turkey on 8 June 2010 with participation of the Heads of State/Government of Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia and Turkey; Deputy Heads of State/Government of Iraq and Vietnam; and Special Envoys of China, Egypt, India, Israel, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Korea, Pakistan, Palestine, Tajikistan, Thailand and United Arab Emirates. Uzbekistan was the only member state that was not represented at the Summit. For the first time in the short history of CICA, Chairmanship passed from Kazakhstan to Turkey. Iraq and Vietnam were admitted as new members of CICA taking the membership to twenty two. Bangladesh was accorded the status of observer.
Summit adopted the declaration: "Constructing Cooperative Approach to Interaction and Security in Asia and Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Secretariat, its Personnel and Representatives of Members of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia."
The declaration reflected CICA's stand and views on important issues of security and cooperation in Asia and other parts of the world including terrorism, disarmament, illicit drugs, global financial crisis, environment as well as situation in Afghanistan and Middle East. The declaration also reiterated commitment of the member states to carry forward the CICA process and reaffirmed the importance of initiating deliberations on security issues in accordance with the provisions of the CICA Catalogue of CBMs.
Turkish President Abdullah Gul mentioned in his concluding statement that during the summit, Israel was condemned by all members save itself for its Gaza flotilla raid. He also mentioned that Israel was isolated and "[would] suffer the consequences of its mistake."
2014 Summit
The Fourth CICA Summit, presided by H.E. Mr. Xi Jinping, paramount leader of China, was held in Shanghai on 21 May 2014 with participation of twenty six member states, eleven observer states and international organizations, two partner international organizations, and eight guest states and international organizations. The Republic of Turkey passed on the CICA Chairmanship to the People's Republic of China for the period 2014-16. The People's Republic of China became the third Chairman of CICA after the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Turkey.
Salient feature of the Fourth Summit was the largest ever participation by the Heads of State and Government. Thirteen Heads of State and Government and the Secretary General of the United Nations participated in the Summit besides other high level dignitaries including Vice Presidents, Deputy Prime Ministers and Ministers of Foreign Affairs.
The People's Republic of Bangladesh and the State of Qatar were admitted as new members of CICA.
On the eve of the Summit, Chinese leader Xi Jinping hosted a banquet and gala evening, with the theme “United and Harmonious Asian Countries move together towards future”, for the participants.
At the Summit, participating leaders expressed their views on topics such as security situation in Asia and measures to promote CICA dialogue, trust and coordination. In his keynote address, Chinese leader Xi Jinping presented a new regional security cooperation architecture respecting and ensuring the security of each and every country and jointly building a road for security of Asia that is shared by all in a win-win situation. Xi announced the New Asian Security Concept. Implying that Asian countries can handle their security without the involvement of the United States, the core of the New Asian Security Concept is that "Asian issues should be taken care of by Asians, and Asian security should be maintained by Asians."
The Summit adopted a declaration espousing its theme "On Enhancing Dialogue, Trust and Coordination for a New Asia of Peace, Stability and Cooperation". The declaration reflected CICA's stand and views on important issues of security and cooperation in Asia including terrorism, disarmament, illicit drugs, organized transnational crime, food and energy security, human rights, information and communication technology, environment as well as situation in Afghanistan and Middle East. The declaration also reiterated commitment of the member states to carry forward the CICA process and reaffirmed the importance of implementing agreed confidence building measures in all dimensions. The Summit also welcomed adoption of the new CICA Rules of Procedure.
A memorandum of understanding between the CICA Secretariat and the SCO Secretariat was signed on the sidelines of the CICA Shanghai Summit.
Summit also adopted revised CICA Rules of Procedure.
2019 Summit
The Fifth CICA Summit, presided by Emomali Rahmon, President of the Republic of Tajikistan, was held in Dushanbe on 15 June 2019. The Fifth Summit gathered the largest ever participation by the Heads of State and Government. Fifteen Heads of State and Government participated in the Summit besides other high level dignitaries including Vice-President, Ministers of Foreign Affairs and Ambassadors.
2022 Summit
The Sixth CICA Summit, presided by Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, President of Kazakhstan, was held in Astana on 12-13 October 2022.
Ministerial meetings
1999 Ministerial meeting
The first meeting of CICA Ministers of Foreign Affairs was held in Almaty on September 14, 1999 with participation of fifteen member states: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, China, Egypt, India, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Palestine, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkey and Uzbekistan. Representatives of the then Observer States: USA, Japan, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Ukraine, and International Organizations like UN and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) also participated in the meeting.
The First Ministerial Meeting laid the foundation of CICA with the signing of the Declaration on Principles Guiding Relations between CICA Member States by the Ministers. The Ministers, while reaffirming commitment to the United Nations Charter, agreed that the Member states will respect each other's sovereign equality; refrain from the threat or use of force; respect the territorial integrity of each other; settle disputes in accordance with the Declaration, UN Charter and international law; refrain from any intervention in the internal affairs of each other; reaffirm their commitment to the goal of achieving general and complete disarmament under effective control; enhance the process of economic, social and cultural cooperation; and respect human rights and fundamental freedoms of all individuals.
2004 Ministerial meeting
The second meeting of CICA Ministers of Foreign Affairs was held in Almaty on October 22, 2004. At this meeting, CICA Catalogue of Confidence-Building Measures (CBMs), CICA Rules of Procedure and Declaration of CICA Ministerial Meeting were adopted. Thailand was admitted as the seventeenth member of CICA.
CICA Rules of Procedure laid down ground rules for decision making, member ship, observer status, chairmanship, types of meetings and procedure for conducting meetings. One of the most important aspects of the Rules of Procedure is that decisions and recommendations at all levels are taken by consensus. Rules of Procedure were amended by a decision adopted on September 1, 2009. With this amendment, period of Chairmanship was reduced from four years to two years. It was also decided that the member state hosting regular Summit would be Chairman till the next regular meeting of Ministers of Foreign Affairs. The member state hosting the regular meeting of Ministers of Foreign Affairs would be Chairman till the next regular Summit.
Declaration of the Second Ministerial Meeting included assessment of the situation at that time at the regional and global levels including Afghanistan, Iraq, Middle East, South Caucasus, and Korean peninsula. Member states once again condemned terrorism in all forms and manifestations and reiterated their commitment to fight this menace.
2008 Ministerial meeting
The third meeting of CICA Ministers of Foreign Affairs was held in Almaty on August 25, 2008. Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and United Arab Emirates were admitted to CICA on this occasion taking the member ship to twenty. State of Qatar was conferred the status of observer.
The Declaration of the Ministerial Meeting, titled CICA Progress in Implementation of CBMs, reaffirmed the importance of promoting CICA as a multilateral forum for close cooperation; continuous dialogue and interaction; comprehensive exchange of views; addressing new challenges and threats; facilitating prevention of conflicts; peaceful settlement of disputes; as well as for developing and implementing agreed Confidence-Building Measures (CBMs) in the Asian continent. The Ministers welcomed commencement of implementation of CBMs and appreciated the efforts of coordinating and co-coordinating countries in the process.
The Ministers also reviewed the tasks given by the Heads of State and Government at the Second CICA Summit of 2006 and adopted Conclusions of the Third Meeting of CICA Ministers of Foreign Affairs reflecting the results of the work done by the Member states in order to accomplish the tasks given at the Second Summit and to continue the work towards preparations for the Third CICA Summit in 2010. The Ministers adopted the Protocol Amending the Statute of the Secretariat of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia which provides for shifting of CICA Secretariat from Almaty to Astana as and when need arises. The Ministers also adopted, in principle, Convention on the Legal Capacity of CICA Secretariat, its Personnel and their Privileges and Immunities and urged the Member states to finalize their respective internal procedures with a view to sign it at the earliest possible.
2012 Ministerial Meeting
The Fourth Meeting of CICA Ministers of Foreign Affairs was held in Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan on 12 September 2012 with participation of ministers and their special envoys. The meeting was jointly presided by Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Turkey and Kazakhstan, representing CICA Chairmanship and the host country. Ministerial Meeting was preceded by a commemorative session celebrating twentieth anniversary of CICA, which was addressed by President Nursultan Nazarbayev of Kazakhstan. A comprehensive declaration adopted by the ministers reaffirmed CICA's stand and views on important issues of security and cooperation in Asia and other parts of the world including terrorism, disarmament, illicit drugs, energy security, environment as well as situation in Afghanistan and Middle East. The declaration also encouraged Member States to initiate implementation of confidence-building measures in military-political dimension. Ministers agreed to initiate steps to develop CICA Action Plan for implementation of the UN Global Counter-terrorism Strategy; constitute a CICA Business Council; explore opportunities of developing road and railway links in the CICA region; and finalise the revised rules of procedure.
Ministerial 2017 Marking 25th Anniversary
The informal ministerial marking the 25th anniversary of the CICA was held on September 20, 2017 on the sidelines of the 72nd UN General Assembly. Kazakshtan's Foreign Minister Kairat Abdrakhmanov recognized Ambassador Gong Jianwei, Executive Director of CICA Secretariat, with a medal honoring the 25th anniversary of Kazakhstan's diplomatic service corps.
See also
Asia Cooperation Dialogue
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
Asia–Europe Meeting
References
External links
CICA (official website).
CICA description at the Kazakhstan Foreign Ministry official website.
1996 in international relations
20th-century diplomatic conferences
21st-century diplomatic conferences
Foreign relations of Kazakhstan
International organizations based in Asia
United Nations General Assembly observers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conference%20on%20Interaction%20and%20Confidence-Building%20Measures%20in%20Asia |
Oil and vinegar may refer to:
Salad dressing, which may contain mixes of oil and vinegar
French dressing, a term originally used for any oil-and-vinegar-based salad dressing
Vinaigrette, made by mixing an oil with something acidic such as vinegar or lemon juice
Oil and Vinegar, a screenplay by John Hughes that was never produced
See also
Unbalanced oil and vinegar scheme, cryptographic scheme | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil%20and%20vinegar |
The A1058, known locally as the Coast Road, is a major road in Newcastle upon Tyne and the adjoining borough of North Tyneside in the North East. It runs from the Newcastle Central Motorway to the coast, terminating between Whitley Bay and Tynemouth. From west to east it connects Newcastle city centre with Jesmond, Heaton, Wallsend, Battle Hill, Howdon, Meadow Well, North Shields, Whitley Bay and Tynemouth. The road has existed since December 1924, when it was opened by then-transport minister Wilfrid Ashley.
For five miles (8 kilometres) of its eight-mile (12.5 kilometre) route it is a full urban dual carriageway with grade separated interchanges and, for four of those miles, a 70-mile per hour national speed limit (the one mile segment passing Heaton has a 50 mph speed limit). However, it is not built to full UK standards for motorway-style roads, as it has too many entrances and exits and most of its sliproads have pedestrian crossings.
Route
The road starts at the Jesmond Road Interchange, with the B1600 and A167(M).The A1058 originally started on the A1 Barras Bridge and headed east along Jesmond Road. With the construction of the A167(M) Central Motorway, the road was cut back. The road heads eastwards. This first section was originally A188 but soon afterwards the new-build begins, marked by the upgrade to dual carriageway. The road remains dual-carriageway and grade-separated for some miles now.
After being a grade-separated dual-carriageway for the A1058 comes to a complete stop at a set of traffic lights with the A1108 and B1316. It then continues as Beach Road for until it comes to a halt at the roundabout junction with the A192. Originally, it continued east of here along Queen Alexandra Road and so on, finally along King Edward Road to end on the A193 near the station, one block from the sea front. This section is now unclassified and a bypass has been built taking the A1058 to the north of Tynemouth Golf Course, where it still ends a block away from the North Sea coast on the A193.
Interchanges
The A1058 interchanges with two other major roads, the A19 and the A167. The interchange with the A167 on the Newcastle Central Motorway was constructed along with the motorway itself finishing in 1973, and has remained largely unchanged in the fifty years since.
A19 - Silverlink Interchange
The Coast Road has crossed the A19 at what is now called Silverlink Interchange since 1967, when the first Tyne Tunnel finished construction. However, Silverlink Retail Park itself has only existed since c. 1990; it is accessible directly from the interchange's roundabout, along with Cobalt Business Park, a significant economic organ of the area. Prior to 2016 there was no direct through route on the A19; traffic on that road had to use the roundabout with traffic to and from the A1058 and the retail park, which caused the interchange to be congested and dangerous. Beginning in 2016 and completing construction in April 2019, National Highways constructed the first three-level stack interchange in the North East, meaning both roads now have a free flowing through route.
History
The original Coast Road
The 4.7 mile road between Chillingham Road, Newcastle upon Tyne to Billy Mill, Queen Alexander Road West, Tynemouth was opened by Col. Wilfrid Ashley, Minister of Transport, on 27 October 1927. The width was 100 feet with a 30 foot reinforced concrete carriageway on the north side and 7 foot footpaths separated from the carriageway by 5.5 foot verges. There was space allowed for future dualling.
Four local authorities were involved in the construction of the road as well as the Ministry of Transport which contributed 50% of the £180,000 cost. The local authorities contributed the remaining £90,000 balance in the following proportions:- Newcastle Corporation 44.7%, Tynemouth Corporation 34.1%, Wallsend Corporation and Longbenton Urban District Council 1.2%.
Whitley and Monkseaton Urban District Council and Earsdon Urban District Council were party to the initial negotiations as it was then proposed to make a new branch road from Billy Mill, via Rake House Lane through the Earsdon District direct to Whitley Bay. However Whitley Bay withdrew which thus involved the withdrawal of Earsdon Council and the branch road was deleted from the scheme.
The road saved from the old route through Longbenton.
In his opening speech Lord Ashley, with it being a fine day, said that it seemed a land of perpetual sunshine and might be termed the Northern Riviera. He congratulated them on the completion of the great enterprise and enabling the citizens of Newcastle to have easier access to the charming seaside resort of Tynemouth at the end of the road. It would also help commercial enterprise.
Later upgrades
The 0.6 mile Cradlewell Bypass at Jesmond, from Sandyford Road to Benton Bank, was due to open in January 1996. It included a 110 metre underpass and a 4 span viaduct over Ouse Burn adjacent to the existing Benton Bank Bridge. Cost was £15 million.
References
Roads in England
Transport in Tyne and Wear | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A1058%20road |
The Sequoia Park Zoo is a zoo located in Eureka, California, operated by the City of Eureka. The zoo is part of a larger park complex including of mature second-growth coast redwood forest, Eureka's largest public playground, and a duck pond, in addition to formal and natural gardens. The gardens include many varieties of rhododendron. The zoo's mission is "to inspire wonder, understanding and respect for the natural world by providing fun, rewarding, educational experiences that encourage meaningful connections between animals, humans, and our environment". The zoo is open to the public daily, except in winter when it is closed on Mondays. The zoo houses about 200 vertebrates and hundreds of invertebrates, representing about 54 different species on .
History
Sequoia Park Zoo was founded in 1907 and is the oldest zoo in California. The zoo is located on the land of the native tribe of the Wiyot people, who are a federally recognized tribe in California with over 600 members. The city of Eureka, where the zoo is located, is a city on Humboldt Bay, where the Wiyot tribe has lived for thousands of years. Since 1907, the zoo has housed an array of animals including large hoof-stock, exotic birds, and small mammals. The zoo achieved accreditation from the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) in 1995. Since accreditation the zoo has prioritized conservation, including Species Survival Plan breeding programs and education programs. After 100 years of free entry, the zoo started charging admission in the summer of 2008. The zoo is partially supported by a foundation which operates a gift shop, café and zoo facility for rentals in addition to fundraising and community outreach.
Collection
The zoo exhibits brown-headed spider monkeys and white-handed gibbons. Joh-leen the white-handed gibbon passed away in 2019 of old age. Her partner Bono was moved to the Santa Barbara Zoo in February 2020 where he was partnered with a female widow. The zoo used to exhibit chimpanzees, one of which lived for fifty years at the zoo, dying at age 62.
The zoo's "Barnyard" is an educational exhibit that teaches about where food comes from and interact with domesticated animals including: goats, sheep, chickens, red jungle-fowl, rabbits, llamas, alpaca, donkeys, and a cat. Non-interactive exhibits include mice, skunk, opossum, a beehive and spiders. Birds in the walk-in free-flight aviary include scarlet ibis, spotted whistling ducks, band-tailed pigeons, green heron, Guira cuckoos, Nicobar pigeons, grey parrots, California quails, and Golden pheasants.
Sequoia Park Zoo's educational building is named "Secrets of the Forest", which features the animals and organisms in the redwood forest. A number of insects, reptiles and amphibians species exhibited in the Secrets of the Forest building.
More exotic animals include crested screamers, Patagonian maras (cavies), Orinoco geese, flamingos, bush dogs, red pandas, Indian muntjac, yaks, Chacoan peccaries, and rheas.
The Sequoia Park Zoo has received top honors from the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) 2016 award for Exhibit Design (within zoos operating with a budget under $5 million) for watershed heroes.
Controversy
In 1982, Sequoia Park Zoo was home to a family of four black bears, two parents, and their two offspring. The bears lived in an old-fashioned metal bar exhibit. The local community raised money to build a modern bear exhibit. During the construction of the new exhibit, the two bear cubs were sent to live at the Woodland Wildlife Park in Cave Junction, Oregon. The two adult bears were euthanized. Public reaction to the bears being euthanized was extremely negative, with protesters gathering and picketing in front of the zoo, and a petition calling for the zoo's closure gathered 5,000 signatures in the local community of 24,000. The incident received national media coverage. The zoo's director was subsequently replaced.
In 2012, the zoo faced steep criticism because of its budget. The zoo's budget had doubled in size since 2002 while other departments within the City of Eureka had faced multimillion-dollar budget cuts in the same period of time. Closure of the zoo was proposed by multiple local media sources and by prominent local politicians.
See also
Turtle Bay Exploration Park
References
External links
Municipal parks in California
Zoos in California
Buildings and structures in Eureka, California
Parks in Humboldt County, California
Tourist attractions in Eureka, California
1907 establishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoia%20Park%20Zoo |
Lenk, officially Lenk im Simmental, is a municipality in the district of Obersimmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland
Lenk may also refer to:
People:
Arthur Lenk, an Israeli diplomat
Maria Lenk, a Brazilian swimmer
Tom Lenk, an American stage and television actor
Other uses:
Maria Lenk National Aquatic Center, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenk%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Brady Creek Reservoir is a reservoir on Brady Creek in McCulloch County, Texas in the United States. The lake is about 3 miles west of downtown Brady, Texas. The dam and lake are managed by the City of Brady. The reservoir was officially impounded in 1963. The reservoir is also sometimes called Brady Reservoir or Brady Lake. The dam for Brady Creek Reservoir is 8,400 ft. long and 104 ft. high and has a storage capacity of 30,430 acre-Ft.
Fauna
Brady Creek Reservoir has been stocked with species of fish intended to improve the utility of the reservoir for recreational fishing. Fish present in Brady Creek Reservoir include largemouth bass, channel catfish, crappie, and white bass. The local fish populations have gradually been recovering after a golden algae bloom that occurred in February 2012 and the drought conditions last several years.
Flora
On February 13, 2012 the Brady Texas reservoir was impacted by an algae bloom that resulted in fish kills. The algae was identified to be Prymnesium parvum, a golden algae that produces toxins fatal to animals with gills. The Brady Creek Reservoir has limited aquatic vegetation in most areas but there are some submerged plant species and standing timber.
Recreational uses
Boating and fishing on Brady Creek Reservoir are very popular.
References
External links
Facilities Map
Brady Creek Reservoir - Texas Parks & Wildlife
Reservoirs in Texas
Protected areas of McCulloch County, Texas
Bodies of water of McCulloch County, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brady%20Creek%20Reservoir |
Trostberg (; Central Bavarian: Droschberg or Troschtberg) is a town in the district of Traunstein, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the river Alz, 19 km northwest of Traunstein. As with other 'old towns' in the region, it is a popular local tourist spot.
Economy
About 1,400 people are employed at the Chemiepark Trostberg, a large chemical industrial area near the town. The two main companies are AlzChem and BASF Bauchemie (construction chemistry). The Chemiepark Trostberg originated from a calcium cyanamide production plant, founded in 1908. Between 1978 and 2000, the company was called SKW Trostberg AG.
History
During World War II, a subcamp of Dachau concentration camp was located in the town.
References
Traunstein (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trostberg |
The Astronomer may refer to:
Vita Hludovici or the "Limousin Astronomer", the anonymous author of the Vita Hludovici, a biography of Holy Roman Emperor Louis the Pious
The Astronomer (Vermeer), a 1668 oil painting by the 17th century Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer
The Astronomer, a character in the Wild Cards book series | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Astronomer |
Francis Ralph Valeo (January 30, 1916 – April 9, 2006) was the Secretary of the United States Senate and ex officio member of the Federal Election Commission. He was the defendant/appellee for the federal government of the United States in Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S. 1 (1976), in which the Supreme Court of the United States upheld federal limits on and disclosure requirements for campaign contributions but struck down limits on campaign and independent expenditures.
Life
Valeo was the son of a shoe factory foreman. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He was a 1936 political science graduate of New York University, where he also received a master's degree in international relations in 1942. He served in China during World War II.
After the war, he was a foreign policy specialist for the Legislative Reference Service of the Library of Congress, and was loaned to the staff of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He traveled repeatedly to Southeast Asia with Montana Senator Mike Mansfield. In 1963, after the Bobby Baker scandal shook the Senate, Mansfield appointed Valeo to replace Baker as Majority Secretary, a position he held during the long filibuster over the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 1965 he was elected Secretary of the Senate. In 1973, he travelled to Wilmington, Delaware to swear in Joe Biden as a Senator at the Delaware Division of the Wilmington Medical Center. Biden was caring for his two sons following a car crash that killed his wife and infant daughter two weeks earlier.
Valeo's books include The Japanese Diet and the U.S. Congress (1983) and Mike Mansfield, Majority Leader: A Different Kind of Senate, 1961–1976 (1999).
Sources
Senate Website
Washington Post Obituary
1916 births
2006 deaths
People from Brooklyn
Secretaries of the United States Senate
Members of the Federal Election Commission | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20R.%20Valeo |
The Ministry of Defense of Peru () is the government ministry responsible for safeguarding national security on land, sea and air. It exercises command over the Peruvian Armed Forces composed of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force. , the minister of defense is .
History
The Ministry of Defense of Peru was created by Law No. 24654 on 1 April 1987, during the government of President Alan García. It absorbed the previous Ministries of War, Navy and Aeronautics as well as the Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas (Joint Chiefs of Staff) and the National Defence Secretariat.
Organization
The government agency under his command is organized as follows:
Secretaría General (General Secretariat)
Viceministerio de Asuntos Administrativos y Económicos (Viceministry of Administrative and Economic Matters)
Viceministerio de Asuntos Logísticos y de Personal (Viceministry of Logistics and Personnel Matters)
Dirección Nacional de Política y Estrategia (National Directorate of Politics and Strategy)
Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas (Joint Command of the Armed Forces)
Ejército del Perú (Peruvian Army)
Marina de Guerra del Perú (Peruvian Navy)
Fuerza Aérea del Perú (Peruvian Air Force)
See also
List of ministers of defense of Peru
References
External links
Official Website
Peru
Defense
Military of Peru
Peru, Defense | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry%20of%20Defense%20%28Peru%29 |
Cyclin B is a member of the cyclin family. Cyclin B is a mitotic cyclin. The amount of cyclin B (which binds to Cdk1) and the activity of the cyclin B-Cdk complex rise through the cell cycle until mitosis, where they fall abruptly due to degradation of cyclin B (Cdk1 is constitutively present). The complex of Cdk and cyclin B is called maturation promoting factor or mitosis promoting factor (MPF).
Function
Cyclin B is necessary for the progression of the cells into and out of M phase of the cell cycle.
At the end of S phase the phosphatase cdc25c dephosphorylates tyrosine15 and this activates the cyclin B/CDK1 complex. Upon activation the complex is shuttled to the nucleus where it serves to trigger for entry into mitosis. However, if DNA damage is detected alternative proteins are activated which results in the inhibitory phosphorylation of cdc25c and therefore cyclinB/CDK1 is not activated. In order for the cell to progress out of mitosis, the degradation of cyclin B is necessary.
The cyclin B/CDK1 complex also interacts with a variety of other key proteins and pathways which regulate cell growth and progression of mitosis. Cross-talk between many of these pathways links cyclin B levels indirectly to induction of apoptosis. The cyclin B/CDK1 complex plays a critical role in the expression of the survival signal survivin. Survivin is necessary for proper creation of the mitotic spindle which strongly affects cell viability, therefore when cyclin B levels are disrupted cells experience difficulty polarizing. A decrease in survivin levels and the associated mitotic disarray triggers apoptosis via caspase 3 mediated pathway.
Role in Cancer
Cyclin B plays an integral role in many types of cancer. Hyperplasia (uncontrolled cell growth) is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Because cyclin B is necessary for cells to enter mitosis and therefore necessary for cell division, cyclin B levels are often de-regulated in tumors. When cyclin B levels are elevated, cells can enter M phase prematurely and strict control over cell division is lost, which is a favorable condition for cancer development. On the other hand, if cyclin B levels are depleted the cyclin B/CDK1 complex cannot form, cells cannot enter M phase and cell division slows down. Some anti-cancer therapies have been designed to prevent cyclin B/CDK1 complex formation in cancer cells to slow or prevent cell division. Most of these methods have targeted the CDK1 subunit, but there is an emerging interest in the oncology field to target cyclin B as well.
As a Biomarker
Cyclin levels can easily be determined through immunohistological analysis of tumor biopsies. The fact that cyclin B is often disregulated in cancer cells makes cyclin B an attractive biomarker. Many studies have been performed to examine cyclin levels in tumors, and it has been shown that levels of cyclin B is a strong indicator of prognosis in many types of cancer. Generally, elevated levels of cyclin B are indicative of more aggressive cancers and a poor prognosis. Immunohistologically assessed levels of cyclin B could determine if women with stage 1, node negative, hormone receptor positive breast cancer were likely to benefit from adjuvant therapy. In general women with this cancer have a very good prognosis, with mortality in 10 years of only 5%. Therefore, it is rare for oncologists to recommend adjuvant chemotherapy in these cases. However, in a small subset of patient this type of cancer is unexpectedly aggressive. These rare patients can be identified through their elevated cyclin B levels. In addition high levels of cyclin B also indicate poor prognosis and lymph node metastasis in gastric cancers. However, not all cancers which overexpress cyclin B are more aggressive. A study in 2009 found that cyclin B overexpression in ovarian cancer indicates that the cancer is unlikely to be malignant while more aggressive ovarian cancers of epithelial cell origin do not show elevated cyclin B.
Cyclin B and p53
There is strong cross-talk between the pathways regulating cyclin B and the tumor suppressor gene p53. In general levels of p53 and cyclin B are negatively correlated. When p53 build-up triggers cell cycle arrest the levels of downstream proteins p21 and WAF1 are increased which prevents cyclinB/CDK1 complex activation and therefore progression through the cell cycle. It has also been observed that decreasing cyclin B levels in cells increases the levels of functional p53. Therefore, siRNAs for cyclin B may be an effective treatment against cancers where p53 function is inhibited but the gene has not been deleted. In such cases lowering cyclin B levels restores the tumor suppressing function of p53 and also prevents cancer cells from dividing as a consequence of low cyclin B.
See also
Cyclin B1
Cyclin B2
References
External links
Drosophila Cyclin B - The Interactive Fly
Biomarkers
Tumor markers
Cell cycle regulators
Proteins
Meiosis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin%20B |
Cyclin A is a member of the cyclin family, a group of proteins that function in regulating progression through the cell cycle. The stages that a cell passes through that culminate in its division and replication are collectively known as the cell cycle Since the successful division and replication of a cell is essential for its survival, the cell cycle is tightly regulated by several components to ensure the efficient and error-free progression through the cell cycle. One such regulatory component is cyclin A which plays a role in the regulation of two different cell cycle stages.
Types
Cyclin A was first identified in 1983 in sea urchin embryos. Since its initial discovery, homologues of cyclin A have been identified in numerous eukaryotes including Drosophila, Xenopus, mice, and in humans but has not been found in lower eukaryotes like yeast. The protein exists in both an embryonic form and somatic form. A single cyclin A gene has been identified in Drosophila while Xenopus, mice and humans contain two distinct types of cyclin A: A1, the embryonic-specific form, and A2, the somatic form. Cyclin A1 is prevalently expressed during meiosis and early on in embryogenesis. Cyclin A2 is expressed in dividing somatic cells.
Role in cell cycle progression
Cyclin A, along with the other members of the cyclin family, regulates cell cycle progression through physically interacting with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which thereby activates the enzymatic activity of its CDK partner.
CDK partner association
The interaction between the cyclin box, a region conserved across cyclins, and a region of the CDK, called the PSTAIRE, confers the foundation of the cyclin-CDK complex. Cyclin A is the only cyclin that regulates multiple steps of the cell cycle. Cyclin A can regulate multiple cell cycle steps because it associates with, and thereby activates, two distinct CDKs – CDK2 and CDK1. Depending on which CDK partner cyclin A binds, the cell will continue through the S phase or it will transition from G2 to the M phase. Association of cyclin A with CDK2 is required for passage into S phase while association with CDK1 is required for entry into M phase.
S phase
Cyclin A resides in the nucleus during S phase where it is involved in the initiation and completion of DNA replication. As the cell passes from G1 into S phase, cyclin A associates with CDK2, replacing cyclin E. Cyclin E is responsible for initiating the assembly of the pre-replication complex. This complex makes chromatin capable of replication. When the amount of cyclin A/CDK2 complex reaches a threshold level, it terminates the assembly of the pre-replication complex made by cyclin E/CDK2. As the amount of Cyclin A/CDK2 complex increases, the complex initiates DNA replication.
Cyclin A has a second function in S phase. In addition to initiating DNA synthesis, Cyclin A ensures that DNA is replicated once per cell cycle by preventing the assembly of additional replication complexes. This is thought to occur through the phosphorylation of particular DNA replication machinery components, such as CDC6, by the cyclin A/CDK2 complex. Since the action of cyclin A/CDK2 inhibits that of cyclin E/CDK2, the sequential activation of cyclin E followed by the activation of cyclin A is important and tightly regulated in S phase.
G2 / M phase
In late S phase, cyclin A can also associate with CDK1. Cyclin A remains associated with CDK1 from late S into late G2 phase when it is replaced by cyclin B. Cyclin A/CDK1 is thought to be involved in the activation and stabilization of cyclin B/CDK1 complex. Once cyclin B is activated, cyclin A is no longer needed and is subsequently degraded through the ubiquitin pathway. Degradation of cyclin A/CDK1 induces mitotic exit.
Cyclin A/CDK2 complex was thought to be restricted to the nucleus and thus exclusively involved in S phase progression. New research has since debunked this assumption, shedding light on cyclin A/CDK2 migration to the centrosomes in late G2. Cyclin A binds to the mitotic spindle poles in the centrosome however, the mechanism by which the complex is shuttled to the centrosome is not well understood. It is suspected that the presence of cyclin A/CDK2 at the centrosomes may confer a means of regulating the movement of cyclin B/CDK1 to the centrosome and thus the timing of mitotic events.
A study in 2008 provided further evidence of cyclin A/CDK2 complex's role in mitosis. Cells were modified so their CDK2 was inhibited and their cyclin A2 gene was knocked out. These mutants entered mitosis late due to a delayed activation of the cyclin B/CDK1 complex. Coupling of microtubule nucleation in the centrosome with mitotic events in the nucleus was lost in the cyclin A knockout/CDK2 inhibited mutant cells.
Cyclin A has been shown to play a crucial role in the G2/M transition in Drosophila and Xenopus embryos.
Regulation
Transcription of cyclin A is tightly regulated and synchronized with cell cycle progression. Initiation of transcription of cyclin A is coordinated with passage of the R point, a critical transition point that is required for progression from G1 into S phase. Transcription peaks and plateaus mid-S phase and abruptly declines in late G2.
E2F and pRb
Transcription of cyclin A is predominantly regulated by the transcription factor E2F in a negative feedback loop. E2F is responsible for initiating the transcription of many critical S phase genes. Cyclin A transcription is off during most of G1 and the begins shortly after the R point.
The retinoblastoma protein (pRb) is involved in the regulation of cyclin A through its interaction with E2F. It exists in two states: hypophosphorylated pRb and hyperphosphorylated pRb. Hypophosphorylated pRb binds E2F, which prevents transcription of cyclin A. The absence of cyclin A prior to the R point is due to the inhibition of E2F by hypophosphorylated pRb. After the cell passes through the R point, cyclin D/E- complexes phosphorylate pRb. Hyperphosphorylated pRb can no longer bind E2F, E2F is released and cyclin A genes, and other crucial genes for S phase, are transcribed.
E2F initiates transcription of cyclin A by de-repressing the promoter. The promoter is bound by a repressor molecule called the cell-cycle-responsive element (CCRE). E2F binds to an E2F binding site on the CCRE, releasing the repressor from the promoter and allowing the transcription of cyclin A. Cyclin A/CDK2 will eventually phosphorylate E2F when cyclin A reaches a certain level, completing the negative feedback loop. Phosphorylation of E2F turns the transcription factor off, providing another level of controlling the transcription of cyclin A.
p53 and p21
Transcription of cyclin A is indirectly regulated by the tumor suppressor protein p53. P53 is activated by DNA damage and turns on several downstream pathways, including cell cycle arrest. Cell cycle arrest is carried out by the p53-pRb pathway. Activated p53 turns on genes for p21. P21 is a CDK inhibitor that binds to several cyclin/CDK complexes, including cyclin A-CDK2/1 and cyclin D/CDK4, and blocks the kinase activity of CDKs. Activated p21 can bind cyclin D/CDK4 and render it incapable of phosphorylating pRb. PRb remains hypophosphorylated and binds E2F. E2F is unable to activate the transcription of cyclins involved in cell cycle progression, such as cyclin A and the cell cycle is arrested at G1. Cell cycle arrest allows the cell to repair DNA damage before the cell divides and passes damaged DNA to daughter cells.
References
External links
Drosophila Cyclin A - The Interactive Fly
Cell cycle
Proteins
Cell cycle regulators | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin%20A |
Jody Hull (born February 2, 1969) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey winger who serves as the associate coach for the Tri City Americans of the Western Hockey League. He was also head coach of the Peterborough Petes from December 2012 to January 2018. Hull was born in Petrolia, Ontario, but grew up in Cambridge, Ontario.
Playing career
Hull was drafted in the first-round, 18th overall by the Hartford Whalers in the 1987 NHL Entry Draft. In addition to Hartford, Hull also played for the New York Rangers, Ottawa Senators, Florida Panthers, Tampa Bay Lightning and the Philadelphia Flyers between 1988 and 2004. He played 831 regular season games in total, scoring 124 goals and 137 assists for 261 points and collecting 156 penalty minutes. He also played 69 playoff games, scoring 9 points and 14 penalty minutes.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
References
External links
1969 births
Binghamton Rangers players
Binghamton Senators players
Binghamton Whalers players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Florida Panthers players
Grand Rapids Griffins players
Hartford Whalers draft picks
Hartford Whalers players
Living people
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
New York Rangers players
Orlando Solar Bears (IHL) players
Ottawa Senators players
People from Lambton County
Peterborough Petes (ice hockey) players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Ice hockey people from Cambridge, Ontario
Tampa Bay Lightning players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jody%20Hull |
Brady Lake may refer to:
Brady Creek Reservoir, also known as "Brady Lake", in McCulloch County, Texas, United States
Brady Lake, Ohio, a village in the United States
Brady Lake (Ohio), its lake | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brady%20Lake |
Cyclin E is a member of the cyclin family.
Cyclin E binds to G1 phase Cdk2, which is required for the transition from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle that determines initiation of DNA duplication. The Cyclin E/CDK2 complex phosphorylates p27Kip1 (an inhibitor of Cyclin D), tagging it for degradation, thus promoting expression of Cyclin A, allowing progression to S phase.
Functions of Cyclin E
Like all cyclin family members, cyclin E forms complexes with cyclin-dependent kinases. In particular, Cyclin E binds with CDK2. Cyclin E/CDK2 regulates multiple cellular processes by phosphorylating numerous downstream proteins.
Cyclin E/CDK2 plays a critical role in the G1 phase and in the G1-S phase transition. Cyclin E/CDK2 phosphorylates retinoblastoma protein (Rb) to promote G1 progression. Hyper-phosphorylated Rb will no longer interact with E2F transcriptional factor, thus release it to promote expression of genes that drive cells to S phase through G1 phase. Cyclin E/CDK2 also phosphorylates p27 and p21 during G1 and S phases, respectively. Smad3, a key mediator of TGF-β pathway which inhibits cell cycle progression, can be phosphorylated by cyclin E/CDK2. The phosphorylation of Smad3 by cyclin E/CDK2 inhibits its transcriptional activity and ultimately facilitates cell cycle progression. CBP/p300 and E2F-5 are also substrates of cyclin E/CDK2. Phosphorylation of these two proteins stimulates the transcriptional events during cell cycle progression. Cyclin E/CDK2 can phosphorylate p220(NPAT) to promote histone gene transcription during cell cycle progression.
Apart from the function in cell cycle progression, cyclin E/CDK2 plays a role in the centrosome cycle. This function is performed by phosphorylating nucleophosmin (NPM). Then NPM is released from binding to an unduplicated centrosome, thereby triggering duplication. CP110 is another cyclin E/CDK2 substrate which involves in centriole duplication and centrosome separation. Cyclin E/CDK2 has also been shown to regulate the apoptotic response to DNA damage via phosphorylation of FOXO1.
Cyclin E and Cancer
Over-expression of cyclin E correlates with tumorigenesis. It is involved in various types of cancers, including breast, colon, bladder, skin and lung cancer. DNA copy-number amplification of cyclin E1 is involved in brain cancer. Besides that, dysregulated cyclin E activity causes cell lineage-specific abnormalities, such as impaired maturation due to increased cell proliferation and apoptosis or senescence.
Several mechanisms lead to the deregulated expression of cyclin E. In most cases, gene amplification causes the overexpression. Proteosome caused defected degradation is another mechanism. Loss-of-function mutations of FBXW7 were found in several cancer cells. FBXW7 encodes F-box proteins which target cyclin E for ubiquitination. Cyclin E overexpression can lead to G1 shortening, decrease in cell size or loss of serum requirement for proliferation.
Dysregulation of cyclin E occurs in 18-22% of the breast cancers. Cyclin E is a prognostic marker in breast cancer, its altered expression increased with the increasing stage and grade of the tumor. Low molecular weight cyclin E isoforms have been shown to be of great pathogenetic and prognostic importance for breast cancer. These isoforms are resistant to CKIs, bind with CDK2 more efficiently and can stimulate the cell cycle progression more efficiently. They are proved to be a remarkable marker of the prognosis of early-stage-node negative breast cancer. Importantly, a recent research pointed out cyclin E overexpression is a mechanism of Trastuzumab resistance in HER2+ breast cancer patients. Thus, co-treatment of trastuzumab with CDK2 inhibitors may be a valid strategy.
Cyclin E overexpression is implicated in carcinomas at various sites along the gastrointestinal tract. Among these carcinomas, cyclin E appears to be more important in stomach and colon cancer. Cyclin E overexpression was found in 50-60% of gastric adenomas and adenocarcinomas. In ~10% of colorectal carcinomas, cyclin E gene amplification is found, sometimes together with CDK2 gene amplification.
Cyclin E is also a useful prognostic marker for lung cancer. There is significant association between cyclin E over-expression and the prognosis of lung cancer. It is believed increased expression of cyclin E correlated with poorer prognosis.
References
External links
Cell cycle regulators
Proteins | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin%20E |
James McGill Strachan (July 1, 1808 – January 22, 1870) was a lawyer, business and political figure in Canada West (now Ontario), in the Province of Canada.
Stachan was born in Cornwall in Upper Canada in 1808, the oldest son of John Strachan, the first Anglican Bishop of Toronto. He purchased a commission in the British 68th Regiment of Foot and studied at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. In 1836, he returned to Upper Canada where he began the study of law and was admitted to the bar in 1838. During the Upper Canada Rebellion, he served as military secretary to the LLieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, Sir Francis Bond Head. He joined the law practice of John Hillyard Cameron in Toronto as a partner.
In 1841, in the first general election for the new Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada, Strachan stood for election to the riding of Huron, located in Huron County on Lake Huron, even though he lived and worked in Toronto, located on Lake Ontario. Strachan was the favoured candidate of both the Family Compact, the oligarchic group which had largely controlled the government of Upper Canada, and the Canada Company, which was the major land owner and developer in the Huron Tract. The opposing candidate, William "Tiger" Dunlop represented the interests of the prosperous local landowners in the Colborne Township of Huron County.
Although a local newspaper confidently asserted that Strachan would be defeated, having "...no more chance, than a stump-tailed ox in fly time," he was declared the winner by the local returning officer, by a majority of 10 votes (159 to 149). Strachan took his seat when the Assembly was summoned in June, 1841. However, Dunlop then lodged a controverted election petition with the Assembly, alleging that unqualified voters had been allowed to vote in the election for Strachan. The matter was assigned to a select committee to investigate, and for the first two months of the session, Strachan participated in the Assembly's proceedings. On August 20, 1841, the committee reported, recommending that Dunlop be awarded the seat due to election irregularities. The Assembly adopted the report and Dunlop replaced Strachan as the member from Huron.
In his short time in the Assembly, Strachan voted in support of the government of the Governor General, Lord Sydenham, and in support of the union of the Canadas.
Strachan also served on the Toronto city council in 1842 and 1852.
Strachan went bankrupt in 1847 after speculating in land and railway companies but had recovered by 1853, when he bought a large tract of land west of Toronto, which occupied his attention for the rest of his life.
He died in Toronto in 1870.
References
1808 births
1870 deaths
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada West
Toronto city councillors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20McGill%20Strachan |
Yao Defen (; July 15, 1972 – November 13, 2012) was the tallest living woman, as recognized by Guinness World Records. She stood at 7 ft 8 in tall and weighed 346 lb (157kg). Her gigantism was due to a tumor in her pituitary gland.
Early life
Yao Defen was born to poor farmers in the town of Liuan in the Anhui province of Shucheng County. At birth she weighed . When she was eleven years old she was about 188 centimetres (6 ft 2 in) tall. She was 210 centimetres (6 ft 11 in) tall by the age of fifteen years.
The story of this "giant woman" began to spread rapidly after she went to see a doctor at the age of fifteen for an illness. Medical doctors (who also saw her after years) properly diagnosed the illness but decided not to cure her, because her family did not have the 4000 yuan for the surgery. After that, many companies attempted to train her to be a sports star. The plans were abandoned, however, because Yao was too weak. Because she was illiterate, since 1992 Defen earned a living by traveling with her father and performing.
Yao's giant stature was caused by a condition called gigantism, wherein a large tumor in the pituitary gland of the brain releases too much growth hormone and causes excessive growth (Gigantism differs from acromegaly because growth hormone takes effect before growth plates are closed; in acromegaly, growth hormone takes effect after growth plates have closed). Around 2002 a hospital in Guangdong removed the tumor. In 2009, the TLC cable TV network devoted a whole night's show to her. She fell in her home and had internal bleeding of the brain. She recovered and felt some happiness after a visit from China's tallest man, Zhang Juncai.
Death
Yao died on November 13, 2012 at the age of 40 from an unspecified ailment.
See also
List of tallest people
Sultan Kösen, tallest living man
Zeng Jinlian, the tallest woman in medical history
References
External links
World's Tallest Woman
1972 births
2012 deaths
People from Lu'an
People with gigantism | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yao%20Defen |
Barnet may refer to:
People
Barnet (surname)
Barnet (given name)
Places
United Kingdom
Chipping Barnet or High Barnet, commonly known as Barnet, one of three focal towns of the borough below.
East Barnet, a district of the borough below; ancient parish.
New Barnet, a district of the borough below.
Friern Barnet, a district of the borough below.
Administrative units
London Borough of Barnet, in Greater London, England
Barnet (UK Parliament constituency) (1945–1974)
Chipping Barnet (UK Parliament constituency) (since 1974)
Historic units
Barnet Urban District (1863–1965) in Hertfordshire
East Barnet Urban District neighbour with same status/lifetime as above
Barnet Rural District, former name (1894–1941) of Elstree Rural District
United States
Barnet, Vermont, United States, a New England town
Barnet (CDP), Vermont, village in the town
Barnet Run, a stream in West Virginia, United States
Canada
Barnet, British Columbia, Canada, a settlement now part of the city of Burnaby
Other uses
Battle of Barnet, in the Wars of the Roses in 15th century England
Barnet F.C., a football club in London
Barnet, Danish title of the 1940 Danish film The Child
"Barnet", rhyming slang for "hair" (from "Barnet Fair")
See also
Barnett (disambiguation)
Barnett, a given name and surname | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnet |
Nation (formerly The Capital Ballroom) was a live music/club venue, located at 1015 Half Street SE, in the Navy Yard/Near Southeast neighborhood, of Washington, D.C.
It was larger than any other club in the D.C. area, with three levels indoors and a multi-level outdoor patio. The large rooms, sound, and lighting systems made it a popular destination for the rave, goth, drum & bass and gay communities.
History
Built in 1924, the building initially comprised the front entrance of what became Nation, serving as a carriage factory. The building later expanded as it changed hands, at one point serving as a warehouse for the military and finally as a factory for Hurley Boiler before it ceased operations. The club first opened its doors as The Capital Ballroom in August 1995, with The Ramones, Björk and Lords of Acid being among the first acts to take the stage. The club was located near the other seminal Navy Yard club called Tracks (1111 First St, S.E.), a large gay club at the time. The Capital Ballroom began holding "Buzz" nights on Fridays, which hosted a number of national and international talent in dance music. It eventually became one of the country's largest weekly dance party/rave hybrid. On Saturdays, the party "Industrial Revolution" hosted by D.C. DJ "Mohawk" Adam brought industrial and dark electronic acts. Nation became recognized locally for highly diverse concert events. Nation was also recognized on a national and even international level for its three weekly DJ and theme driven nightclub parties.
Due to its large size, The Capital Ballroom did host many top-selling musical acts during its four-year tenure, but it also had a sparse schedule, as the neighborhood, located in the area of Near Southeast in D.C., was notorious for its high crime rate in the mid-1990s. In 1999, The Capital Ballroom changed management and became known as Nation. Nation soon became very popular after another nearby dance club Tracks closed on November 6, 1999.
Nation was managed by Primacy Companies, Inc. On July 17, 2006, the club closed after longtime lot owners Potomac Investment Properties decided to move forward with a planned office building on the site. In July 2007, Potomac Investment sold the site to Opus East for $41.5 million, and in spring 2008 construction began on the office building. The area is now considered part of the "Ballpark District" due to the fact the Nationals Park stadium has been built two blocks away. As of January 2010, Opus East is insolvent and construction has been halted.
Notable events
Nation had been host to hundreds of bands and solo acts, from David Bowie to Rage Against the Machine. In 1996, the venue hosted the Warped Tour marking the only time the annual event was held indoors. It was originally scheduled to be held at Merriweather Post Pavilion. The venue also held the "Superbowl of Hardcore" a day-long concert featuring many of the top hardcore bands and punk bands.
The final event at Nation featured Mindless Self Indulgence on July 17, 2006.
Technical design and production staff at Nation included original Lighting Designer John Niederhauser (JSN Design), Lighting Director Kevin W Clark, Production Managers Joe "Shaggy" Conroy, Dylan Overstreet, Production Assistant Jeff Nightingale, and Stagehands "Seal", "Mouse", and "Gwydo" who ran lights for concerts. The main room was equipped with a stage, a large mezzanine walkway, and a third level skybox was added in 2000 for VIPs. The lighting fixtures in the main room consisted of 8 Studio Spots, 12 Studio colors, 72 par-cans, 6 lekos, 5 Studio 250s, and 6 MAC 500 moving heads; all controlled by a Hog 1000 with the pars and lekos going through a leprechaun dimmer rack. The main rig included a 15 1/2 foot diameter Truss Ring, with a 4-foot mirror ball hung in the center. Ring was hung on 4 chain motors, and one for the raising and lowering of mirror ball, running at 32 fpm. This allowed the ring and ball to travel the 35 ft height of the space, very quickly. Once the ring was at a preset height over the dance floor, by running the downstage motors up and the upstage motors down, the ring was tilted to a 50 degree angle in 4 beats. This truss move tilted the ring at 1 foot per second (64 fpm). Video was mixed and processed through an Edirol v-4 mixer and fed to the upstage, downstage, circular, and rectangular trusses for projection.
The sound consisted of EAW cabinets and drivers, amplified by Crown, and fed by a post-processor in the DJ booth that received signal via a Pioneer 500 mixer or, if the talent on hand preferred something a little more "old-school", a Rane mixer. Front of house sound was managed by contracted third parties, usually Springfield Sound or MSI.
Nation hosted a variety of events, such as concerts, sporting events, trade shows, and even a six-week run of The Rocky Horror Show. It was home to events such as "Alchemy/Alias" (Thursday), "Buzz (DC)," alternately "Sting" and "Cubik" after a brief move to Redwood Trust in Baltimore (Friday), and gay night "Velvet Nation" (Saturday).
"Alchemy" was one of the country's weekly goth/industrial nights. Tony Tribby led a team that created Alchemy and used Nation's multi-room layout to combine music ranging from industrial, ebm, goth, 80s, punk, electro-clash, trance, alternative into a package with a Goth aesthetic. Alchemy had hosted VNV Nation, Icon of Coil, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Juno Reactor, Shiny Toy Guns and others at their Thursday night event, and put on annual events such as Goth Prom in the Spring and Freaks United every July 4.
"Buzz (DC)," alternately "Sting" and "Cubik" hosted by Scott Henry and Lieven DeGeyndt, were named the country's top electronic dance music events numerous times by international publications such as Urb and BPM. Buzz/Sting and Cubik hosted the world's top electronic house, drum and bass, breakbeat and techno djs such as Paul Oakenfold, Tiësto, Sasha and Digweed, Dave Clarke, Dieselboy, Andy C, The Freestylers, The Chemical Brothers, The Crystal Method and Paul Van Dyk as well as live acts such as Rabbit in the Moon and The Prodigy.
Saturdays played host to Velvet Nation, a gay dance event. The event was respected as one of the top events of its kind in the US. For many years, circuit event DJs and talents such as Junior Vasquez, Abel Aguilera, Alyson Calagna, Mike Reeze, Manny Lehman, Susan Morabito, Tony Moran, Victor Calderone, The Pet Shop Boys, k.d. lang, and The Village People. Nation was also known for lavish theme parties, such as Madonnarama, a night of all Madonna music and video, The White Party, and a variety of Pride events.
References
External links
Freaks United-FREAKS UNITED /// WASHINGTON, DC /// GOTHIC-INDUSTRIAL SUMMER MUSIC FESTIVAL
Nightclubs in Washington, D.C.
LGBT nightclubs in Washington, D.C.
Electronic dance music venues | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation%20%28nightclub%29 |
"Do No Harm" is the twentieth episode of the first season of Lost. The episode was directed by Stephen Williams and written by Janet Tamaro. It first aired on April 6, 2005, on ABC.
While trying to make contact with the outside world from a plane discovered in the jungle tree canopy, Boone Carlyle (Ian Somerhalder) is critically injured when the plane suddenly shifts and crashes to the ground, so Jack Shephard (Matthew Fox) desperately tries to save his life. The flashbacks in this episode revolve around Jack's marriage to a former patient, Sarah (Julie Bowen).
Plot
Flashbacks
Flashbacks show both the build-up to, and the event of Jack's wedding to Sarah, a former patient whom he "fixed" after she was injured in a car accident. Jack agonizes over his vows, and his father, Christian (John Terry) surprises him by showing up, giving Jack advice about writing the vows by the pool. His father says that Jack's strength is commitment, and that his problem is that he is "just not good at letting go." Jack thinks over his father's words, and eventually writes his vows just in time for the ceremony, finally settling on extolling how Sarah has "fixed" him.
On the Island
Boone has been critically injured by his fall inside the Beechcraft in the previous episode. He has lost a lot of blood, one of his lungs has collapsed and his right leg is crushed. Jack sends Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) off to get some alcohol from James "Sawyer" Ford (Josh Holloway). On her way back, she discovers that Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) has gone into unexpected labour.
Sayid Jarrah (Naveen Andrews) surprises Shannon Rutherford (Maggie Grace) with a "torchlit dinner". Shannon tells Sayid that Boone is only her step-brother, and that he is "kind of" in love with her.
Boone needs a transfusion of type A-negative. Jack sends Charlie Pace (Dominic Monaghan) to find one of the other survivors with a matching blood type. When he unsuccessfully returns (only four people knew their blood type), Jack decides to give Boone some of his O-negative blood. Jack tries to use bamboo as a needle but can't pierce his skin. Sun-Hwa Kwon (Yunjin Kim) solves the problem by providing a sea urchin. Using the urchin's spines, Jack begins to give Boone his blood.
Jin-Soo Kwon (Daniel Dae Kim), while working on the new raft, hears Kate's call for help and rushes to her and Claire. Despite the language barrier, Kate is able to tell Jin to go and find Jack. Jin rushes to the caves but Jack is occupied with the blood transfusion. Jack tells Jin (with the aid of Sun translating) to take Charlie to Kate and Claire, and gives Charlie instructions for Kate on delivering the baby.
As Jack begins to turn pale Sun stops the transfusion because the blood is pooling in Boone's dead right leg. Jack tries to save Boone's leg but it is beyond repair and Boone will die if it is not amputated. Jack asks Michael Dawson (Harold Perrineau) to find a way to cut off Boone's leg. Boone suddenly regains consciousness and tells Jack to just let him go.
Boone reveals to Jack that he and John Locke (Terry O'Quinn) discovered a mysterious hatch, and Locke told him not to tell anybody else. Boone says "Tell Shannon I ..." but dies without finishing the sentence. Claire gives birth to a healthy baby boy. Jack tells Shannon that Boone had died, Shannon immediately goes to the caves, and cries over Boone's dead body. Jack goes looking for Locke, thinking that Boone was murdered.
Production
In the original outline of the eleventh episode, Locke was to be accompanied by two guest characters to search for Claire and discover the Hatch. In the final product, Boone accompanied Locke, a choice that would lead to Boone's death. While the executive producers have stated that Somerhalder took the news of his character's death professionally, Somerhalder has said that he found it "pretty devastating." Boone's death is notable as the first death of a major character on the series. According to executive producers Damon Lindelof and Carlton Cuse, Boone's death made sense from a story perspective to fuel the rivalry between Jack and Locke and lead to the events in the season finale. Variety called him "hot-headed."
Following Somerhalder's departure from the show, ABC signed him to another one-year contract. Somerhalder stated that being a part of Lost was "the greatest experience" of "the greatest year of his life".
Reception
The American viewers for this episode were 17.12 million. IGN ranked Boone's death as #4 in their list of the top ten Lost deaths.
Episode references
Boone says to Jack "I know you made me a promise. I'm letting you off the hook." This was also said to Jack by Rose in the season 1 episode "Walkabout". This was also said by Sarah to Jack in "Man of Science, Man of Faith" in a flashback.
Cultural references
The title refers to the Primum non nocere phrase in the Hippocratic Oath.
References
External links
"Do No Harm" at ABC
Lost (season 1) episodes
Pregnancy-themed television episodes
2005 American television episodes
Television episodes directed by Stephen Williams (director) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%20No%20Harm%20%28Lost%29 |
Mary Geraldine Guinness (; 25 December 1862 – 6 June 1949), often known as Mrs. Howard Taylor, was a British Protestant Christian missionary to China, and author of many missionary biographies on the history of the China Inland Mission (CIM).
Life
She was born in 1865. She was the daughter of revivalist preachers and authors Fanny Grattan Guinness and Henry Grattan Guinness. Her father was a friend of James Hudson Taylor, founder of the CIM. She became Taylor's daughter-in-law when she married his son, fellow CIM missionary Frederick Howard Taylor.
Single woman and missionary
In her youth, Taylor taught a Bible class for "factory-girls" in Bromley-by-Bow in the East End of London where they lived. She attended meetings at "Berger Hall" named after William Thomas Berger.
She left London for China as a second-class passenger on the P&O vessel Kaisar-i-Hind I in January, 1888, age 22. The Hundred missionaries had all sailed to China the previous year. Among the 25 passengers (16 men, 5 ladies [sic]) aboard the steam ship with her were Miss Mary Reed (daughter of Mrs Henry Reed and sister of Mrs Harry Guinness), Mr and Mrs Hunt (travelling to Hanchung) and the Pigott family of The Sheo Yang Mission (who were eventually killed during the Boxer Rebellion).
As recorded in In the Far East (1889), the Kaisar-i-Hind took a route passing Gibraltar (10:30pm, 31 January 1888), calling at Naples and then passing the Straits of Messina, stopping for a day at Aden and then onward to Colombo, Ceylon.
At Colombo the missionary party boarded the P&O vessel S.S. Deccan, bound for Shanghai. A stop in Penang, Malaysia, allowed Geraldine a first contact with many Chinese who came on board. Then a stop at Singapore followed. Her first time on Chinese soil was later at a stop at Hong Kong where she was received by Dr and Mrs Chalmers of the London Missionary Society, who introduced them also to Mr and Mrs Bender of the Basel Mission. Shanghai was reached next. But Shanghai was not their final destination. Staying only long enough to exchange their European clothes for the national Chinese costume, the missionaries started on again, leaving this first station of the China Inland Mission behind them and travelling on the boat Fuh-ho ("Happy Harmony") in the substantially cheaper Chinese accommodations up the Yang-tsi River to Chinkiang. Lastly on to a barge some 6 hours to Yang-chau, finally arriving at Yang-chau on 23 March 1888.
She wrote to her sister after a short time in China:
After training in China, Geraldine was eventually stationed in Honan Province.
Published works
The Call of China's Great North West - Kansu and Beyond (1920)
In the Far East (1889)
The Story of the China Inland Mission (1893)
One of China's Scholars: The Early Life and Conversion of Pastor Hsi (1900)
Guinness of Honan (1930)
Borden of Yale '09 (1913)
Hudson Taylor In Early Years; The Growth of a Soul (1911)
Hudson Taylor and the China Inland Mission; The Growth of a Work of God (1918)
Though War Should Rise (1914)
Pearl's Secret
The Call of China's Great North-West or Kansu and Beyond (1923)
With P’u and His Brigands (1922)
Hudson Taylor's Spiritual Secret (1932)
Faith's Venture (1932)
Margaret King’s Vision (1934)
The Triumph of John and Betty Stam (1935)
By Faith: Henry W. Frost and the China Inland Mission (1938)
Sirs, Be of Good Cheer (1941)
A Story Without End
Behind the Ranges: Fraser of Lisuland (1944)
References
Citations
Sources
Further reading
External links
Hudson Taylor in Early Years-The Growth of a Soul - Volume 1 by Dr. and Mrs Howard Taylor
Christian Biography Resources
Missionary E-Texts Archive: Historical Writings by, about and for Missionaries
Hudson Taylor in Early Years-The Growth of a Soul - Volume 1
Taylor family tree
1865 births
1949 deaths
Christian writers
19th-century English historians
English Protestant missionaries
Protestant missionaries in China
British expatriates in China
Geraldine Taylor
Female Christian missionaries
Clergy from Liverpool
Geraldine
British women historians
20th-century English historians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geraldine%20Taylor |
A DNA field-effect transistor (DNAFET) is a field-effect transistor which uses the field-effect due to the partial charges of DNA molecules to function as a biosensor. The structure of DNAFETs is similar to that of MOSFETs, with the exception of the gate structure which, in DNAFETs, is replaced by a layer of immobilized ssDNA (single-stranded DNA) molecules which act as surface receptors. When complementary DNA strands hybridize to the receptors, the charge distribution near the surface changes, which in turn modulates current transport through the semiconductor transducer.
Arrays of DNAFETs can be used for detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (causing many hereditary diseases) and for DNA sequencing. Their main advantage compared to optical detection methods in common use today is that they do not require labeling of molecules. Furthermore, they work continuously and (near) real-time. DNAFETs are highly selective since only specific binding modulates charge transport.
References
Biosensors
Biotechnology
Field-effect transistors
MOSFETs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20field-effect%20transistor |
The Professional Women's Bowling Association (PWBA) organizes and oversees a series of annual tournaments for the top competitive women ten-pin bowlers. The series is often referred to as the "women's tour" of bowling.
The PWBA was formed in 1960 but ceased operations in 2003. The PWBA Tour was re-launched in 2015 by the United States Bowling Congress (USBC) and Bowling Proprietors' Association of America (BPAA) with a three-year funding commitment. In addition, through a new partnership with the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA), the PBA began conducting PWBA Regional (women-only) events and PWBA members are now allowed to bowl all PBA events.
History
The PWBA was formed in 1960 by a group of professional women bowlers. After the organization struggled, some of the players left the PWBA in 1974 to form the Ladies' Professional Bowlers Association (LPBA). The two merged again in 1978, forming the Women's Professional Bowlers Association (WPBA). When the WPBA dissolved in 1981, bowling center proprietor John Sommer of Rockford, Illinois, started the Ladies Pro Bowlers Tour (LPBT), a private company, to continue the women's tour. The LPBT adopted the PWBA name and a new logo in 1998. In the fall of 2003, the PWBA Tour ceased operations before the completion of its 2003 season, primarily due to dwindling interest in sponsoring women's bowling.
The Women's International Bowling Congress (WIBC) then acquired the rights and assets of the PWBA. This gave the WIBC control of the PWBA name, trademark, logo, website domain (pwba.com), as well as the PWBA's historical records. The United States Bowling Congress (USBC) acquired the PWBA when the WIBC merged with the American Bowling Congress (ABC), Young American Bowling Alliance (YABA) and USA Bowling in 2005.
Without a PWBA Tour, women either retired from professional bowling, competed in the remaining women-only tournaments in the United States, or moved on to other bowling tournaments outside of the United States. Wendy Macpherson started competing in the Japan Professional Bowling Association (JPBA) in 2004, going on to earn ten JPBA titles. In 2007, the Japan Bowling Congress (JBC) started the DHC Cup Girls Bowling International - at the time the third largest women's tournament in the world in prize money, just behind the U.S. Women's Open (bowling) and the USBC Queens.
Some women chose to bowl in professional men's tournaments. The Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) opened its membership to women in April 2004. PWBA members such as Kim Adler, Carolyn Dorin-Ballard, Liz Johnson, and Kelly Kulick became members of the PBA, with Kulick becoming the first female to earn an exemption on the PBA Tour (2005–06 season).
Women have had limited success in PBA events. Missy Parkin was the first female PBA member and now holds three PBA Regional Titles. Johnson was the first woman to make a televised appearance on the PBA Tour, at the 2005 PBA Banquet Open, and the first to defeat a male bowler in a PBA Tour event when she beat Wes Malott in the semifinal match. She would lose to Tommy Jones in the championship final to finish runner-up. Kulick became the first woman to win a national PBA tournament major with her defeat of Chris Barnes in the 2010 Tournament of Champions. Johnson became the second woman to win a national PBA tournament with her defeat of Anthony Pepe in the PBA Chameleon Championship at the 2017 World Series of Bowling.
The USBC sponsored the PBA Women's Series starting with the 2007–08 season, allowing women PBA members to compete in a small number of events without their male counterparts. The final head-to-head match for that week's women's tournament would air in the same telecast as the PBA men's final round. The PBA Women's Series was discontinued after the 2009–10 season.
The PBA created the PBA Women's Regional Tour program in 2014, in which women bowl with and against their male counterparts, but there are specific prizes and benefits for women only.
In the media before 2015
Many PWBA events were nationally televised on the TVS Television Network (as the Ladies Pro Bowlers Tour) under a five year contract in the 1980s. When TVS could not maintain payments, it worked with Tom Ficara of the Cable Sports Network to continue coverage. After that agreement expired, Ficara acquired the TVS Network but did not renew the LPBT deal. LPBT final rounds were then televised on ESPN and ESPN2 from the late 1980s up until 2003, when the association folded. From 2004-2006, the WIBC Queens event (renamed USBC Queens in 2005) was the only scheduled event for female bowlers that received TV coverage.
For the autumn of 2007, the USBC acquired rights to the U.S. Women's Open. The event was televised for five Sundays on ESPN, with the action being called by PBA legends Nelson Burton Jr. and Marshall Holman. This event also served as the qualifier for the PBA Women's Series, a special four-stop mini-tour for the top 16 females. The finals for the mini-tour events were televised along with the regular PBA broadcasts for four Sundays on ESPN in November–December, 2007.
The U.S. Women's Open returned for five weeks in September–October, 2008. The PBA Women's Series was expanded to eight events in the 2008-09 and 2009-10 seasons but was then discontinued.
Season-by-season breakdown
2015 PWBA rebirth
The PWBA Tour returned from a 12-year hiatus in 2015, thanks to a three-year funding commitment from the United States Bowling Congress (USBC) and Bowling Proprietors’ Association of America (BPAA). The 2015 tour had ten stops (seven standard tournaments and three majors), running from May 13 to September 13.
2016 season
The PWBA Tour expanded to 13 events in 2016, with one additional major (GoBowling.com PWBA Players Championship). CBS Sports Network aired the final round of all PWBA Tour events this season on a tape-delay basis, except for majors which aired the final round live.
2017 season
The 2017 PWBA Tour retains the format of 2016, with nine standard tournaments and four majors. CBS Sports Network aired the final round of all PWBA Tour events this season on a tape-delay basis, except for majors which aired the final round live or same-day delay.
2018 season
Although the three-year funding commitment from the USBC and BPAA ended with the 2017 season, the PWBA announced in 2017 a 2018 season with two enhancements. The final three standard events are replaced with "elite format" events in which the top 24 players on the 2018 PWBA points list after eight events will earn automatic spots, and the remaining eight spots will be filled through an on-site eight-game qualifier each week, for a total field of 32 players. More significantly, the finals of each of the 13 events will take place in the same center where the event's other play took place, with the finals of the standard format events live-streamed, and the finals of the elite format events and majors televised live on CBS Sports Network.
2019 season
The 2019 season continued the enhancements started in 2018 and added one event, for a total of 14 events.
2021 season
The 2020 PWBA Tour season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The 2021 PWBA Tour season features 20 title events (the most since 2001), plus a non-title made-for-TV event hosted by the PBA Tour called King of the Lanes: Empress Edition.
2022 season
The 2022 PWBA Tour season had a total of 12 title events scheduled in eight locations. These included 8 standard singles title events, three major title events, and one mixed doubles event. While the 2022 schedule had a reduced number of tournaments from 2021, there were more events televised and prize funds increased over previous seasons.
2023 season
The 2023 PWBA Tour season was similar to 2022, with a total of 12 title events in eight cities. However, only the three major events were televised.
Top 20 in professional titles
List includes singles, doubles and mixed doubles titles earned on the PWBA, WPBA, LPBA and LPBT tours. Includes major titles earned during the PWBA Tour hiatus (2004 through 2014), which were retroactively credited as PWBA titles. Excludes PBA Women's Series titles.
*Most all-time titles in events officially recognized by the PWBA.
Televised perfect games
There have been five televised 300 games in title events over the history of the PWBA. Liz Johnson is the only player with multiple televised 300 games, accomplishing the feat in 2001 and 2021.
Notable members of the PWBA Tour
Donna Adamek
Kim Adler
Josie Barnes (Ernest)
Lynda Barnes (Norry)
Leanne Barrette
Patty Costello
Carolyn Dorin-Ballard
Michelle Feldman
Dotty Fothergill
Louise Fulton
Carol Gianotti
Clara Guerrero
Liz Johnson
Kelly Kulick
Wendy Macpherson
Danielle McEwan
Shannon O'Keefe
Shannon Pluhowsky
Jordan Richard
Aleta Sill
Linda Kelly
Lisa Wagner
Stephanie Zavala
References
External links
Official website of the Professional Women's Bowling Association
Official website of the Professional Bowlers Association
Women's professional bowling champions and awards 1949-present
Bowling organizations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional%20Women%27s%20Bowling%20Association |
Yrast ( , ) is a technical term in nuclear physics that refers to a state of a nucleus with a minimum of energy (when it is least excited) for a given angular momentum. Yr is a Swedish adjective sharing the same root as the English whirl. Yrast is the superlative of yr and can be translated whirlingest, although it literally means "dizziest" or "most bewildered". The yrast levels are vital to understanding reactions, such as off-center heavy ion collisions, that result in high-spin states.
Yrare is the comparative of yr and is used to refer to the second-least energetic state of a given angular momentum.
Background
An unstable nucleus may decay in several different ways: it can eject a neutron, proton, alpha particle, or other fragment; it can emit a gamma ray; it can undergo beta decay. Because of the relative strengths of the fundamental interactions associated with those processes (the strong interaction, electromagnetism, and the weak interaction respectively), they usually occur with frequencies in that order. Theoretically, a nucleus has a very small probability of emitting a gamma ray even if it could eject a neutron, and beta decay rarely occurs unless both of the other two pathways are highly unlikely.
In some instances, however, predictions based on this model underestimate the total amount of energy released in the form of gamma rays; that is, nuclei appear to have more than enough energy to eject neutrons, but decay by gamma emission instead. This discrepancy is found by the energy of a nuclear angular momentum, and documentation and calculation of yrast levels for a given system may be used for analyzing such a situation.
The energy stored in the angular momentum of an atomic nucleus can also be responsible for the emission of larger-than-expected particles, such as alpha particles over single nucleons, because they can carry away angular momentum more effectively. This is not the only reason alpha particles are preferentially emitted, though; another reason is simply that alpha particles (He-4 nuclei) are energetically very stable in and of themselves.
Yrast isomers
Sometimes there is a large gap between two yrast states. For example, the nucleus 95Pd has a 21/2 state that lies below the lowest 19/2, 17/2, and 15/2 states. This state does not have enough energy to undergo strong particle decay, and because of the large spin difference, gamma decay from the 21/2 state to the 13/2 state below is very unlikely. The more likely decay option is beta decay, which forms an isomer with an unusually long half-life of 14 seconds.
An exceptional example is the J=9 state of tantalum-180, which is a very low-lying yrast state only 77 keV above the ground state. The ground state has J=1, which is too large a gap for gamma decay to occur. Alpha and beta decay are also suppressed, so strongly that the resulting isomer, tantalum-180m, is effectively stable for all practical purposes, and has never been observed to decay. Tantalum-180m is the only currently known yrast isomer to be observationally stable.
Some superheavy isotopes (such as copernicium-285) have longer-lived isomers with half-lives on the order of minutes. These may be yrasts, but the exact angular momentum and energy is often hard to determine for these nuclides.
References
Swedish words and phrases
Nuclear physics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yrast |
Sir Arthur Frederic Brownlow fforde GBE (23 August 1900 – 26 June 1985) was an English solicitor, civil servant, headmaster, writer and businessman.
Arthur fforde was educated at Rugby School (SH 1914–1919, Head of School) and Trinity College, Oxford. As a solicitor, he became a partner in the law firm Linklaters & Paines (now known as Linklaters) and also had helped establish the Unit trust. He was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 1946 New Year Honours, having served as an Under-Secretary in the Treasury. In 1948 he returned to Rugby as head master, remaining until 1957, when he became Chairman of the BBC. In 1964 he retired after a spell of ill-health and was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire the same year.
Occasional verses by Arthur fforde were published later in his life, until his death in 1985.
Notes
References
1900 births
1985 deaths
BBC Governors
Chairmen of the BBC
Head Masters of Rugby School
People educated at Rugby School
Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford
20th-century British poets
Knights Bachelor
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
English solicitors
20th-century English lawyers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20fforde |
Swansea Civic Centre () – formerly known as County Hall – is the principal administrative centre of Swansea Council. Standing some 800 m southwest of Swansea city centre, by the seafront and overlooking Swansea Bay, the complex houses – in addition to the council chamber and offices – a public cafe, the central library, an exhibition space, archives service, and contact centre.
History
Following the implementation of the Local Government Act 1972, which broke up Glamorgan County Council and established West Glamorgan County Council, the new county council initially met at Swansea Guildhall. Finding that this arrangement, which involved sharing facilities with Swansea Council, to be inadequate, county leaders procured a dedicated building, selecting a site formerly occupied by an old railway goods yard associated with the Mumbles Railway.
The new building was designed by C. W. Quick of the West Glamorgan County Architects Department in the Brutalist style, built by French Kier (phase 1) and A. Monk (phase 2) and opened as County Hall in July 1982. The design featured continuous bands of glazing with deep washed calcined flint panels above and below. Queen Elizabeth II, accompanied by the Duke of Edinburgh, visited on 20 April 1989.
After local government re-organisation in 1996, which abolished West Glamorgan County Council, ownership of the building was transferred to Swansea Council. It was renamed Swansea Civic Centre on 19 March 2008, and Swansea Central Library moved into the complex as part of a redevelopment scheme. The library made nearly 566,000 book loans during the year ended 31 March 2009, making it the busiest library in Wales and the tenth busiest library in the UK.
In January 2016, Swansea Council announced plans to redevelop the area, the second phase of which would involve demolition of Swansea Civic Centre and the creation of city beach which would also include an aquarium and digital science centre.
In May 2021 the Twentieth Century Society placed the site on its Top 10 Buildings at Risk List.
See also
Guildhall, Swansea
References
Buildings and structures in Swansea
County halls in Wales
Swansea Bay
Event venues established in 1982
1982 establishments in Wales
Government buildings completed in 1982
Brutalist architecture in the United Kingdom
The Twentieth Century Society Risk List | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea%20Civic%20Centre |
Making God Smile: An Artists' Tribute to the Songs of Beach Boy Brian Wilson is a tribute album featuring cover versions of songs by Brian Wilson and The Beach Boys performed by Contemporary Christian musicians. Originally released as a single CD, a double album version was released for sale only on the Internet through pastestore.com, the retail website of Paste Music. According to Silent Planet Records' website, this double album quickly sold out. As a result, Silent Planet Records sells individual CD-R copies of the second disc on its website for people who missed their chance to buy the double album.
The cover picture was made by Kurt Lightner. Lightner wrote in the CD's liner notes that the cover is his interpretation of Frank Holmes' original design for the Beach Boys' Smile album. Lightner also wrote that Jimmy A was responsible for directing Silent Planet Records to Lightner to do the cover work for the album. Jimmy A appears on the album in a duet with dc Talk member Kevin Max performing Help Me Rhonda. How Jimmy A and Lightner became acquaintances is unknown but Lightner is known to have other ties to musicians on the album as well; he and Jason Harrod, who plays on the album (see below), both attended Wheaton College (Illinois) at the same time in the early 1990s.
Track listing
Disc one
"Your Imagination" Tom Prasada-Rao & Amilia K. Spicer
"Good Vibrations" Phil Keaggy
"I Just Wasn't Made for These Times" Sixpence None the Richer
"I Know There's an Answer (Hang On to Your Ego)" Aaron Sprinkle
"Love and Mercy" Randy Stonehill
"Help Me Rhonda" Kevin Max and Jimmy Abegg
"Heroes and Villains" Phil Madeira
"Add Some Music to Your Day" Kate Campbell
"'Til I Die" Doug Powell
"In My Room" Jason Harrod
"This Whole World" Dolour
"Vegetables" Terry Scott Taylor
"Don't Worry Baby" Derrick Harris
"Wouldn't It Be Nice" Jan Krist
"Pet Sounds" Brooks Williams
"Lay Down Burden" Jane Kelly Williams
"Surf's Up" Rick Altizer
Disc two
"Caroline No" Frank Lenz & Richard Swift
"With Me Tonight" The Lost Dogs
"You Still Believe in Me" Jeff Elbel and Ping
"God Only Knows" Kate Miner
"Don't Talk (Put Your Head on My Shoulder)" Jacob Lawson and Riki Michele
"Sloop John B" Irwin Icon
"Good Vibrations (Guitar Ending Mix)" Phil Keaggy
"Your Imagination (extended mix)" Tom Prasada-Rao and Amilia K. Spicer
"Brian Wilson's Room" (bonus track) Harrod and Funck
See also
List of cover versions of Beach Boys songs
References
The Beach Boys tribute albums
2002 compilation albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Making%20God%20Smile%3A%20An%20Artists%27%20Tribute%20to%20the%20Songs%20of%20Beach%20Boy%20Brian%20Wilson |
"FutureSex/LoveSound" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Justin Timberlake for his second studio album, FutureSex/LoveSounds (2006). It was written and produced by Timberlake, Timothy "Timbaland" Mosley and Nate "Danja" Hills. The song was produced following Timberlake's two-year hiatus from the music industry, when he felt "burnt out" after the release of his debut solo album Justified in 2002. "FutureSex/LoveSound" incorporates elements of new wave and industrial rock into its production. "FutureSex/LoveSound" peaked at number 13 on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart. It was included on the set list of Timberlake's second worldwide tour FutureSex/LoveShow (2007).
Background and production
After the release of his debut solo album Justified in 2002, Timberlake thought he "lost his voice" in the sense that he did not like what he was doing. He felt "burnt-out" after Justified; this partly changed his career's direction, and he took a break from the music industry and instead appeared in films. The first role he took during this time was as a journalist in the thriller Edison Force, filmed in 2004 and released on July 18, 2006. He also appeared in the films Alpha Dog, Black Snake Moan, Richard Kelly's Southland Tales, and voiced Prince Artie Pendragon in the animated film Shrek the Third, released on May 18, 2007.
When he felt inspired to compose songs again, he did not choose to reunite with his former band 'NSYNC, although he considered it after his first record. Instead, he went to Justified collaborator Timothy "Timbaland" Mosley's studio in Virginia Beach, Virginia to begin sessions for his second album. However, neither of them had an idea of what the album would be–no plan for it and even a title. "FutureSex/LoveSound" was written and produced by Timbaland, Nate "Danja" Hills and Timberlake himself. The song was recorded by Jimmy Douglas, while its mixing was done by Douglas with Timbaland at The Hit Factory Criteria in Miami. The keys were played by Danja, who also provided the drums with Timbaland. Paul Blake played the guitar and Timberlake sang the background vocals.
Composition
"FutureSex/LoveSound" incorporates elements of new wave and industrial rock into its production. It was written in the key of F#minor, in common time, with a tempo of 104 beats per minute. Timberlake's vocal range spans from the low note of A3 to the high note of G#5. Timberlake sings in a "muted whisper slink" and his distorted voice "drones" over a "very produced" beat. Bernard Zuel of The Sydney Morning Herald stated that Timberlake morphs into "Michael Hutchence at his most lizard-like". According to Spence D. of IGN, the beat is a "throwback from the future past of disco's demented dimension".
The song contains a "rolling" synth bassline and "truncated" percussion, that according to Zuel, comes across as both "alluring and ever-so-slightly sinister". It contains "slow breaks", that according to Jamil Ahmad of musicOMH, "wrap this record round you like walking into an exclusive club with a million dollar sound system – you know you are going to have one of those nights". The pace of the song changes with its chorus, which Mikey MiGo cited as being "a bit off setting".
"FutureSex/LoveSound" is "brimming over with attitude, sharp beats and rhythm", according to Linda McGee of RTÉ.ie. The song, which was described as being "suavely portentous" by Pitchfork Media's Tim Finney, was cited as being a mixture between "the carnal strut" of Nine Inch Nails' "Closer" and the "masochistic flutter" of the Junior Boys. Finney said the song "derives its charm" from its "lofty" aspirations, "like a familiar lover staging an elaborately exaggerated seduction". According to Alexis Petridis of The Guardian, "FutureSex/LoveSound" and the other opening songs of the album are heavily influenced by David Bowie's Diamond Dogs (1974). The song sounds "horny" which can be seen through the lines "Slide a little bit closer to me, little girl / Daddy’s on a mission to please." The chorus of the song reminded 411mania's Mikey MiGo of Prince's "New Power Generation".
Critical response
Mikey MiGo of 411mania wrote that the song is a "welcomed change" from Timberlake's past work. She stated that the song "has qualities of Prince that I've never seen anyone muster up before". Amanda Murray of Sputnikmusic called the song "musically and melodically great", but criticized its lyrics. She wrote that the lyrics sound like the dialogue of a "low-rent porn film", highlighting the lines: "She's pressed up on me; I think she's ready to blow?" and "All I need is a moment alone, to give you my tongue and get you out of control". According to Murray, "It makes one question exactly what films Timberlake was starring in during his sabbatical." She concluded that "FutureSex/LoveSound" establishes a pattern for the rest of FutureSex/LoveSounds: "infectiously catchy and in many cases accomplished pop music, marred by retardedly retarded lyrics".
In a review of FutureSex/LoveSounds, Ben Williams of New York cited the album's first five tracks, including "FutureSex/LoveSound", as updating the early 1980s Minneapolis sound: "tense drum machines, high-pitched synth squiggles and staccato funk bass lines". While reviewing the album, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic noted that the first three songs of the album include the word "sex" in their titles, "as if mere repetition of the word will magically conjure a sex vibe, when in truth it has the opposite effect: it makes it seem that Justin is singing about it because he's not getting it." Lucy Davies of BBC Music stated that it is initially "difficult to listen to the lyrics of the opening tracks and give an objective opinion". She wrote that it is like Timberlake is "trying to find redeemable qualities about some guy who has zero social skills and stares at women on his own from the corner of a bar. Only he seems to have found some similarly unreconstructed creepy friends shouting words of encouragement to his clunky chat-up lines, like Timbaland".
Live performances
"FutureSex/LoveSound" was used as the opening song on Timberlake's FutureSex/LoveShow in 2007. His performance in New York City is featured on the singer's video album FutureSex/LoveShow: Live from Madison Square Garden (2007). Timberlake performed the song at DIRECTV Super Saturday Night on February 2, 2013 in New Orleans. Prior to the 2013 Grammy Awards, Timberlake held a concert at the Hollywood Palladium in Los Angeles. The singer performed "FutureSex/LoveSound" in a medley with "Need You Tonight" (1987) by INXS and his single "LoveStoned/I Think She Knows" (2007).
Credits and personnel
Recording and mixing
Recorded at Thomas Crown Studios, Virginia Beach; mixed at The Hit Factory Criteria, Miami, FL.
Personnel
Songwriting – Justin Timberlake, Tim Mosley, Nate "Danja" Hills
Production – Timbaland, Justin Timberlake, Nate "Danja" Hills
Recording - Jimmy Douglass
Mixing – Jimmy Douglas, Timbaland
Keys – Nate "Danja" Hills
Drums – Nate "Danja" Hills, Timbaland
Guitar – Paul Blake
Background vocals – Justin Timberlake
Credits adapted from the liner notes of FutureSex/LoveSounds, Jive Records.
Charts
Following the release of the album, "FutureSex/LoveSound" did not enter the US Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number 13 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.
References
2006 songs
Justin Timberlake songs
Song recordings produced by Danja (record producer)
Song recordings produced by Timbaland
Songs written by Justin Timberlake
Songs written by Timbaland
Songs written by Danja (record producer)
Song recordings produced by Justin Timberlake | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FutureSex/LoveSound |
State Route 278 (SR 278) is a state highway in Nevada. It runs from U.S. Route 50 (US 50) near Eureka north to Interstate 80 (I-80) in Carlin.
Route description
State Route 278 begins at a junction with US 50, about north-northwest of Eureka in southern Eureka County. The highway heads north-northwest from there, passing by the Eureka Airport and going through Diamond Valley. After about , SR 278 curves westward to run between the Whistler and Sulphur Springs Ranges, turning north and cresting Garden Pass to enter Garden Valley.
SR 278 continues heading northward, eventually entering Pine Valley. After several miles, the highway shifts slightly more eastward as it approaches the Cortez Mountains and the Pinon Range. The route follows a creek northwestward, then curves to follow the path of the Humboldt River and Union Pacific Railroad
northeastward. The route enters Elko County and soon after enters the city of Carlin. State Route 278 ends on the western edge of Carlin at West Carlin interchange on I-80 (exit 279).
History
A route approximating the alignment of Eureka–Carlin Road appeared on state highway maps as a narrow, unimproved roadway as early as 1927. By 1929, this road had been designated as State Route 20, and was shown to parallel the Eureka and Palisade Railroad connecting Eureka to State Route 1/US 40 (today's I-80) further west of Carlin via Palisade. SR 20 was mostly upgraded to a gravel road by 1946. Except for the portion between Palisade and US 40, the road was completely paved by 1956—a road connecting just south of Palisade directly to Carlin (approximating today's alignment of the northernmost reaches of SR 278) was also paved by this time. The Eureka–Carlin road portion of SR 20 was renumbered as part of State Route 51 by 1965.
The Eureka–Carlin road remained unchanged for several years after being renumbered to SR 51. However, the Nevada Department of Transportation began renumbering its state highways in the mid 1970s. On July 1, 1976, the road was renumbered again, to State Route 278, the designation it carries today. The number change was first seen on official state highway maps in 1978. The route has remain substantially unchanged since then.
Major intersections
Note: Mileposts in Nevada reset at county lines; the start and end mileposts for each county are given in the county column
See also
List of state highways in Nevada
References
External links
278
Transportation in Elko County, Nevada
SR 278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada%20State%20Route%20278 |
Sandavágur () is a city on the south coast of the Faroese island of Vágar.
The name Sandavágur means sandy bay and refers to the sandy beach which used to be much larger than present. From one point in Sandavágur you can get a view of all the southern islands in the Faroes. Sandavágur used to be a municipality until 1 January 2009, when it fused together with the neighbour village Miðvágur into the new Vágar municipality.
Data:
History
The town has an ancient history. A 13th century runestone, discovered in 1917, bears an inscription stating that the Norwegian Viking Torkil Onundarson from Rogaland was the first settler in this area. The stone can be seen in Sandavágur Church. Excavations in the town have also uncovered ruins from the Middle Ages.
Á Steig in Sandavágur was the residence of the Lagman, the lawspeaker and leader of the Faroese parliament, until 1816, when the office was abolished and the islands became a Danish administrative district. The clergyman V. U. Hammershaimb, who was born in Sandavágur in 1819 and became the father of the Faroese written language, was the son of the last law speaker.
There is a freestanding rock to the east of the town called Trøllkonufingur, which means Witch’s finger. It is said to have been climbed only once, and the story goes like this:
"Frederick VII of Denmark visited the Faroe Islands in 1844, and a man climbed the Witch’s finger so that he could wave to the King as he sailed past. Later, when the man had come down, he realized that he had left one of his gloves on the top of the rock, so decided to climb it again. On his way to the top he fell and died."
Buildings
The distinctive red-roofed Church was built in 1917. A memorial was erected outside the church to one of the many ships that were sunk during the Second World War.
Vestanstevna festival
Sandavagur takes turns in hosting a civic festival called Vestanstevna which takes place annually at the beginning of July. The other participating villages are, Miðvágur and Sørvágur. The festival is similar to Olavsøka in Tórshavn but smaller.
Economy
Kovin, the canning factory in Sandavágur produces canned fish products: primarily shrimp, but also roe and normal fish meat. It also produces various kinds of pâté, for example from salmon, shrimps and tuna.
Sports
The local football team was SÍF Sandavágur until they merged with MB Miðvágur to form FS Vágar in 1993. The merger collapsed in 2004 and the clubs separated again only for SÍF to become part of a newly formed club, 07 Vestur.
The scorer of the only goal in the Faroe Islands national football teams first ever competitive match, a shock win over Austria in 1990, Torkil Nielsen, was born in Sandavágur.
Notable people
V. U. Hammershaimb (1819–1909) - founder of the Faroese written language.
Torkil Nielsen, scorer of the first goal ever of the Faroe Islands national football team
Samuel Jacob Sesanus Olsen (1904–1994) - teacher, writer and translator.
Gallery
See also
List of towns in the Faroe Islands
Vágar
References
External links
Official website of Vága kommuna
Populated places in the Faroe Islands
Vágar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandav%C3%A1gur |
Karl Sebastien Dykhuis ( ; born July 8, 1972) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played 12 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Chicago Blackhawks, Philadelphia Flyers, Tampa Bay Lightning and Montreal Canadiens.
As a youth, he played in the 1985 and 1986 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournaments with a minor ice hockey team from Sept-Îles, Quebec.
During the 2004–05 NHL lockout Dykhuis played for the Amsterdam Bulldogs Hockey Club in The Netherlands.
Awards and achievements
QMJHL All-Rookie Team (1989)
QMJHL Defensive Rookie of the Year (1989)
QMJHL First All-Star Team (1990)
1991 World Junior U20 Gold Medalist
Transactions
Feb. 16 1995: Traded to Philadelphia Flyers by Chicago Blackhawks for Bob Wilkie and Philadelphia's fifth round choice (Kyle Calder) in 1997 Entry Draft
Aug. 20 1997: Traded to Tampa Bay Lightning by Philadelphia Flyers with Mikael Renberg for Philadelphia's first round choices (previously acquired) in 1998 (Simon Gagne), 1999: (Maxime Ouellet), 2000 (Justin Williams) and 2001 (later traded to Ottawa - Ottawa selected Tim Gleason) Entry Drafts
Dec. 28, 1998: Traded to Philadelphia Flyers by Tampa Bay Lightning for Petr Svoboda
Oct. 20, 1999: Traded to Montreal Canadiens by Philadelphia Flyers for cash
Jan. 3, 2005: Signed as a free agent by Amsterdam (Netherlands)
Aug. 25, 2005: Signed as a free agent by Mannheim (Germany)
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
References
External links
1972 births
Adler Mannheim players
Amsterdam Bulldogs players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Canadian people of Dutch descent
Chicago Blackhawks draft picks
Chicago Blackhawks players
Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL) players
Hershey Bears players
Hull Olympiques players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Indianapolis Ice players
Living people
Longueuil Collège Français (QMJHL) players
Montreal Canadiens players
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
People from Sept-Îles, Quebec
Philadelphia Flyers players
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Verdun Collège Français players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Dykhuis |
Marshall B. Broomhall (Chinese: 海恩波; 17 July 1866 – 24 October 1937), was a British Protestant Christian missionary to China with the China Inland Mission. He also authored many books on the subject of Chinese missionary work. He was the most famous son (the fifth of ten children) of the anti-opium trade activist and General Secretary of the CIM Benjamin Broomhall and Amelia Hudson Taylor. Thus he was also the nephew of the founder of the mission, James Hudson Taylor.
Youth in London
In 1875, the Broomhall family, including 9 year old Marshall, moved from Bayswater to Newington Green, London. At Westbourne Grove, where he was born, the family had been members of the Baptist Westbourne Grove Church led by William Garrett Lewis. Marshall's father, Benjamin, then began 20 years of service as the China Inland Mission's general secretary at the London headquarters. In 1887 Marshall went to classical studies at Jesus College, Cambridge. After his graduation (BA) in 1890, he became engaged to Florence Corderoy, the daughter of his father's close friend, John Corderoy. In the same year Marshall was accepted as a missionary by the CIM London Council.
Missionary life
Marshall Broomhall sailed for China on 2 October 1890 on the S.S. Shannon. He attended a year at the CIM's Chinese Language School at Anqing, Anhui, and then he was appointed to the work in Taiyuan, Shanxi. Three of his siblings (Hudson, Marshall and Edith) had all contracted typhus there, but all three recovered.
Marriage and family
Florence Corderoy followed him to China in 1894, but mission regulations required that they could not marry until both had served for two years on the field. Marshall and Florence were finally married on 17 March 1897. They had two children: Honor Irene and Dorothea Broomhall. Marshall had been transferred to Hongdong, Shanxi in 1896, to work with Dixon Edward Hoste, his brother-in-law, and with Gilbert Ritchie, who later married his sister, Edith. The famous Pastor Hsi (Xi Shengmo) had recently died. The area that Marshall worked in was 40 miles north and south, and 70 miles wide. In 1897 there was a church membership of 490 in 17 villages, with 14 opium refuges. The churches were largely self-supporting, led by an ordained native pastor, three elders, and 17 deacons. Broomhall worked here for three years.
Further work and the Boxer Crisis
Florence's poor health necessitated their leaving for Britain in 1899. In 1900, the Boxer Rebellion broke out in China. The China Inland Mission had the greatest loss of all of the mission agencies; seventy-nine people were massacred, including children. As the tragedy unfolded and news was cabled to London, Marshall spent days and nights diligently sorting out information gathered from various sources and verifying rumours that were quickly circulating. His hard work led to the compilation of two memorial books that documented the harrowing stories of both the martyrs and the survivors.
Writing and teaching career
That same year Marshall Broomhall had been appointed the Editorial Secretary for the mission in London. This career lasted for 27 years. He also gave preliminary Chinese language lessons to the missionary candidates preparing to go to China.
Marshall became an expert in writing biographies. He wrote biographies of Hudson Taylor as well as several other members of the China Inland Mission, as well as several books that addressed overall issues and the history of the CIM. He accomplished much considering his eyesight was impaired at an early age. He did all of his research, writing and editorial work despite being able to see with only one eye.
Marshall took part in the Edinburgh Missionary Conference of 1910. After the 1911/12 founding of the Republic of China he visited China again, and travelled extensively to obtain first-hand and up to date information. He was a member of the commission on "Carrying the Gospel to all the Non-Christian World". In this commission constant reference was made to his important work , and to the statistics in it.
One of Broomhall's particular interests was the conversion of Chinese Muslims to Christianity. To this end, he authored a book (), which he believed to be the first book in English on Chinese Muslims. He called for sending Arabic-speaking missionaries to China, who in his views could work more effectively among the Muslim community.
In 1927 he retired as Editorial Secretary. But he continued to do his literary work.
In 1936, when the Rev. Frank Houghton returned to China to be Bishop of East China, Marshall took over briefly the editorship of China's Millions, but ill health forced his complete withdrawal from the work.
He died on 24 October 1937, aged 71, at Northchurch, England and was buried on 28 October in Abney Park Cemetery, London. Florence Broomhall lived on until 1957.
Notes
Published works
(see: List of the martyred missionaries of the China Inland Mission in 1900).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
, one of the Cambridge Seven.
.
.
.
.
of Emil Fischbacher.
.
.
References
Further reading
Historical Bibliography of the China Inland Mission
External links
.
(formerly China Inland Mission and Overseas Missionary Fellowship).
.
1866 births
1937 deaths
British expatriates in China
British sinologists
Burials at Abney Park Cemetery
Protestant missionaries in China
Protestant writers
English Protestant missionaries
20th-century English historians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall%20Broomhall |
Miss Wonderful is a 1959 album by Peggy Lee that was arranged and conducted by Sy Oliver.
Track listing
"Mr. Wonderful" (George Weiss, Jerry Bock, Larry Holofcener) - 3:18
"They Can't Take That Away from Me" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) - 2:56
"Where Flamingos Fly" (El Thea, Harold Courlander, John Benson Brooks) - 2:28
"You've Got to See Mamma Ev'ry Night (Or You Can't See Mamma at All)" (Con Conrad, Billy Rose) - 2:45
"The Come Back" (L.C. Fraser) - 3:01
"Take a Little Time to Smile" (Dave Barbour, Peggy Lee) - 2:36
"I Don't Know Enough About You" (Barbour, Lee) - 2:55
"Joey, Joey, Joey" (Frank Loesser) - 2:43
"Crazy in the Heart" (Alec Wilder, Bill Engvick) - 2:54
"You Oughtta Be Mine" (Curtis Lewis) - 3:05
"We Laughed at Love" (Charles Bourne, Sam Messenheimer) - 3:12
"That's Alright, Honey" (Charles Singleton, Rose Marie McCoy) - 3:08
Personnel
Peggy Lee - vocals
References
1959 albums
Peggy Lee albums
Decca Records albums
Albums produced by Milt Gabler
Albums conducted by Sy Oliver
Albums arranged by Sy Oliver | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss%20Wonderful |
Cobboldia is a genus of parasitic flies in the family Oestridae. Adult flies of Cobboldia elephantis lay their eggs near the mouth or base of the tusks of Asian elephant while the related Cobboldia loxodontis (=Platycobboldia loxodontis) parasitizes African elephants. The larvae hatch and develop in the mouth cavity and later move to the stomach. On maturing, the third instar larvae exit from the mouth and drop to the ground to pupate.
A fossil species Cobboldia russanovi is known from the frozen remains of Mammoths. Cobboldia roverei Gedoelst, 1915 (=Rodhainommia roverei, the green elephant stomach bot fly) has been noted from the African Forest Elephant.
The genus is named after Thomas Spencer Cobbold (1828 - 1886) who described the first species as Gastrophilus elephantis.
Notes
References
Grunin, K.Y. 1973. The first finding of the stomach bot-fly larvae of the mammoth: Cobboldia (Mamontia, subgen. n.) russanovi, sp. nov. (Diptera, Gasterophilidae). Entomol. Obozr. 52: 228–33. [English translation, 1973, Entomol. Rev. 52(1): 165–69.]
Pont, A. (1976) The date and author of Cobboldia elephantis (Diptera: Gasterophilidae). Zeitschrschrift fur Angewandte Zoologie 63: 23
External links
Life cycle
Oestridae
Parasitic flies
Taxa named by Friedrich Moritz Brauer
Oestroidea genera | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobboldia |
Narathiwat can refer to
the town Narathiwat
the Narathiwat Province
Amphoe Mueang Narathiwat, the district around Narathiwat town
Narathiwat Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narathiwat%20%28disambiguation%29 |
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