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Cleasby is a village and civil parish in the North Yorkshire district of North Yorkshire, England. It is close to the River Tees and Darlington and the A1(M). The population at the 2011 Census of ONS was 208.
History
The village is mentioned in the Domesday book as "Clesbi". The manor had been the possession of a local named Thor, but passed to Enisant Mussard after the Norman invasion. The mesne lordship passed to the lords of Constable Burton from Enisant which eventually ended in the hands of the Scrope family. Enisant continued to hold a demesne lordship here which passed to Harsculph an ancestor of the Cleasby family. By the early fourteenth century the direct line of inheritance had ended and the manor passed to the Fitz Hugh family of Ravensworth who held it until the middle of the sixteenth century when it passed to the Crown. In 1602 the manor was granted to Peter Bradwell and Robert Parker. From thereon it passed via the Countess of Shrewsbury to the Duke of Devonshire. By the mid-nineteenth century it had passed into the hands of John Church Backhouse.
The origin of the name of the village is uncertain. Most sources claim it to be the combination of a personal name, Kleiss and the Old Norse -by for farm, giving Kleiss' farm.
Governance
The village lies within the Richmond UK Parliament constituency. It also lies within the Richmondshire North electoral division of North Yorkshire Council and the Barton ward.
Geography
The village lies in a bend in the River Tees just away. It is also from the A1(M) and from the A66(M). The nearest settlements are Stapleton to the south-east and Darlington to the north-east. The geology of the area surrounding the village lies on a bed of limestone overlaid with loam, clay and gravel. The latter having been quarried nearby.
Demography
2001 census
The 2001 UK census showed that the population was split 47.1% male to 52.9% female. The religious constituency was made of 77.8% Christian, 1.7% Sikh and the rest stating no religion or not stating at all. The ethnic make-up was 94.9% White British, 3.4% White Other/Irish, and 1.7% British Asian. There were 77 dwellings.
2011 census
The 2011 UK census showed that the population was split 52.9% male to 47.1% female. The religious constituency was made of 76.9% Christian with the rest stating no religion or not stating at all. The ethnic make-up was 94.7% White British, 1.4% White Other/Irish, 2.4% Mixed Ethnic, 0.96% Black British and 0.48% British Asian. There were 87 dwellings.
Religion
The Church of St Peter was built in 1828 and was originally undedicated to any particular Saint. It is a Grade II listed building.
Notable people
John Robinson (1650–1723), bishop of London and diplomatist was born and attended school there. He was the son of a cooper in the village. He was Ambassador to Sweden for twenty five years before becoming Lord Privy Seal and then first Plenipotentiary to the Congress of Utrecht.
References
External links
Villages in North Yorkshire
Civil parishes in North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleasby |
Rosa 'Mister Lincoln', also known as 'Mr. Lincoln', is a dark red hybrid tea rose cultivar. Bred by Herbert Swim and Weeks Rose Growers in 1964, the rose was named an All-America Rose Selections winner in 1965.
History
'Mister Lincoln' was created by Herbert Swim and Weeks Rose Growers in 1964. The stock parents of this rose are the hybrid tea rose cultivars 'Chrysler Imperial' and 'Charles Mallerin'. The plant was introduced into the United States via California by Star Roses in 1965. 'Mister Lincoln' was the best-selling crimson rose in the US for many years. Known as the "California drought friendly native rose", it won the All-America Rose Selections award in 1965. 'Mister Lincoln' was used to hybridize two new cultivars, Rosa 'Big Apple' (1983) and Rosa 'Dublin' (1983). A similar rose named Rose 'Mohammadi' with the same characteristics and fragrance was grown in City of Isfahan in Iran for hundreds of years. 'Mohammadi' ('Mister Lincoln') rose petals are used to create rose water which is used in food, desserts and as a room deodorant.
Description
'Mister Lincoln' is a vigorous, tall upright shrub, 4 to 7 ft (121–213 cm) in height. Blooms are very large, 6 in (15 cm) or more in diameter, with 30 to 35 petals. The rose has a strong damask fragrance. The high-centered, deep red petals are generally borne singly on long stems and do not fade, even in the hottest climates. The shrub is a repeat bloomer. The buds are deep red and open up into large, velvety red, double blossoms. The foliage is dark red when young and becomes leathery and dark, matte green when the plant is older. It is generally healthy and heat tolerant, but is susceptible to blackspot. 'Mister Lincoln' is hardy to zone 5–9.
See also
Garden roses
List of Award of Garden Merit roses
Rose Hall of Fame
Citations
General and cited references
Mister Lincoln
Products introduced in 1965 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa%20%27Mister%20Lincoln%27 |
7th CDG Awards
February 19, 2005
Period/Fantasy:
Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events
Contemporary:
The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou
The 7th Costume Designers Guild Awards, given on 19 February 2005, honored the best costume designs in film and television for 2004. Winners highlighted in bold.
Winners
Film
Fantasy or Period Film:
Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events - Colleen Atwood
The Aviator - Sandy Powell
De-Lovely - Janty Yates
The Phantom of the Opera - Alexandra Byrne
Ray - Sharen Davis
Contemporary Film:
The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou - Milena Canonero
Alfie - Beatrix Aruna Pasztor
Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind - Melissa Toth
Kill Bill: Volume 2 - Catherine Marie Thomas
Ocean's Twelve - Milena Canonero
Career Achievement Award:
Anthea Sylbert
Television
Contemporary Series:
Sex and the City - Patricia Field
Desperate Housewives - Catherine Adair (for episodes 3-12)
Nip/Tuck - Lou Eyrich
Six Feet Under - Jill M. Ohanneson
The Sopranos - Juliet Polcsa
Fantasy or Period Series:
The Life and Death of Peter Sellers - Jill Taylor
Cold Case - Patia Prouty
Deadwood - Katherine Jane Bryant
Iron Jawed Angels - Caroline Harris
The Lion in Winter - Consolata Boyle
Career Achievement Award:
Robert Fletcher
Costume Designers Guild Awards
2004 film awards
2004 guild awards
2004 television awards
2004 in fashion
2005 in American cinema
2005 in American television | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costume%20Designers%20Guild%20Awards%202004 |
Stapleton or Stapleton-on-Tees (, ), is a small village and civil parish on the River Tees, North Yorkshire, England. Historically, the settlement was part of the North Riding of Yorkshire.
Etymology
There is some dispute of the etymological origins of the place name Stapleton. Historian Henry Chetwynd-Stapylton (quoting Samuel Johnson) states in 1884 that the first part of the name, 'staple', originated from the word 'stapel' meaning a trading position or a place where goods for sale are stored. Another theory, however, puts forward that 'staple' originates from the old English word 'stapol' meaning boundary, which is also plausible given the villages past as a major river crossing. In both cases the second part of the name, 'ton', originates from the Anglo-Saxon 'tun' meaning settlement.
History
Stapleton was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. Though it has been known that a settlement has existed on this sharp bend in the river since the 9th century. The village and surrounding area were granted by William the Conqueror to a knight who would become known as Benedict de Stapleton. One member of the Stapleton family, Miles Stapleton of Bedale was one of the founding members of the Order of the Garter. The family built a manor in the village as well as a private chapel named after St James. In the 13th century the 'de Stapleton' family gave some lands around the village to the nearby Premonstratensian monks of Easby Abbey and in so doing forgoing the obligation to maintain a ferryboat across the river. The settlement had a second church known as St Leonard's, which was administered by Easby Abbey. Neither the manor nor either of the two churches exist today. However, local speculation suggests that the site of the manor is located in 'Garth Field', the irregularity of the land being the last remnants of a defensive moat or pond. By 1616 the Stapleton family had left the village and the churches fell out of use, following this, the village was served by the 12th century Church of St Peter. This is thought to be the origin of the local name given to the path to the nearby village of Croft, the 'Corpse Walk', so named as the deceased of the village had to be carried from Stapleton to Croft, a distance of some three miles.
During the medieval period, a bridge linked the village to the northern bank of the river and a ferry had existed before that. It is believed that this gave the village's only public house (The Bridge Inn) its name. This bridge however was lost after a flood and was not replaced, meaning that the nearest crossing was at Croft-on-Tees until 1833 when the Blackwell bridge was built.
In 1945 the village was used as a filming location for the film Way to the Stars. Until the second half of the 20th century the village was served by a post office, a blacksmith and a public house. Only the latter is still in use.
Today
Stapleton was part of the former North Riding of Yorkshire and is today part of the county and district of North Yorkshire, from 1974 to 2023 it was in the district of Richmondshire. The village also lies within the Richmond Constituency, represented since 2015 by Conservative Party Member of Parliament and Prime Minister Rishi Sunak. Residents use the GP surgery in Aldbrough St John and Friarage Hospital in Northallerton.
Geography
Stapleton is situated above the banks of the Tees on the lower course of the river. In the locality of the village the river meanders through a fertile clay plain on its way the Tees Estuary. The settlement is predominantly surrounded by 'undulating' agricultural land, which is used for both arable and pastoral farming. A notable feature of the nearby landscape is a prominent low escarpment, known as the 'Monkend Hills', which stretch from Croft to the east (taking their name from Monkend Hall) across to Manfield in west. From the top of Stapleton Bank, views can be seen towards the North York Moors, Yorkshire Dales and Upper Teesdale. Walkers following the long-distance walk known as the 'Teesdale Way' pass through the village.
Gallery
References
External links
Villages in North Yorkshire
Civil parishes in North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stapleton-on-Tees |
The Battle of Przemyśl - a struggle for the control over the city of Przemyśl in former Austro-Hungarian Galicia and local river crossings on the San river, between Ukrainian and Polish militias and regular troops, from 2 to 12 November 1918, during the Polish-Ukrainian War.
Background
In 1918 the city of Przemyśl () formed a part of the Austrian province Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria and was its third biggest city after Kraków and Lviv (, ). It was also the biggest Austro-Hungarian fortress north of the Carpathians (and the site of a 1914-1915 famous siege in World War I), and contained key road and railway crossings on the San River, linking Kraków and Lwów (Lviv).
Many nationalities lived in Galicia, but Poles were dominant, next followed by Ukrainians with a significant Jewish minority. Galicia was divided into eastern and western part, Przemyśl itself and the county belonged to Eastern Galicia. The western part was overwhelmingly Polish while the eastern part was ethnically more mixed. Ukrainians dominated the rural areas, while ethnic Poles were a majority in the cities (although there were also many Polish villages in the eastern part, especially Poles were the majority in the countryside around Przemyśl, Lviv and Ternopil), which also contained a substantial Jewish minority. At the turn of the 20th century Poles constituted 88.7% of the population of Western Galicia, Jews 7.6%, Ukrainians 3.2%, Germans 0.3% and others 0.2%. The population data for Eastern Galicia was Ukrainians 60.5%, Poles 27.0%, Jews 11.7%, Germans 0.3% and others 0.5%.
According to the Austro-Hungarian census of 1910, Przemyśl had 54,692 permanent inhabitants, of whom 47% were Roman Catholics, 30% Jews and 22% Greek Catholis. 87% of the inhabitants of Przemyśl spoke Polish.
In the waning days of the Habsburg Empire, both Polish and Ukrainian populations were preparing to form their own separate states in the former Austrian territories. The mixed ethnic populations resulted in large parts of Galicia being perceived as Polish or Ukrainian simultaneously, which was the main reason for the coming conflict.
Conflict
Due to the collapse of the Habsburg monarchy, the soldiers garrisoning Przemyśl's fortress deserted in droves, and those not taking part in revolutionary activities were in the process of returning to their homelands. This, along with the disintegration of civil authority, created a vacuum in government. Polish, Jewish and Ukrainian areas of the city began to form their own militias, to protect their respective populations.
On the night of October 29 Gen. Stanislaw Puchalski, recently appointed by the Polish Regency Council to command Polish forces in Galicia, arrived in the city with the task of organizing Polish military forces and a civil administration. In response to what they perceived as a coming Polish takeover, approximately 600 mostly Ukrainian soldiers from the former Austro-Hungarian 9th Infantry Regiment, stationed in nearby Żurawica and led by Ukrainian nationalists supporting the Ukrainian National Rada (UNR) movement, marched into the city, seizing military strongpoints and interning non-Ukrainian military personnel. Soon afterward, however, most of the Ukrainian troops left the city and headed home.
On the night of October 31/November 1, 1918, the Ukrainian National Rada in Lviv issued a proclamation in the name of the Ukrainian state in Galicia. Immediately afterward Ukrainian forces attempted to seize Lviv, resulting in the uprising of Lviv's Polish majority, which continued into 1919. Ukrainian nationalists also attempted a takeover of Przemyśl, but they lacked sufficient troops to accomplish that goal and soon halted the action. The ongoing battle in Lviv and the attempt to seize Przemyśl further contributed to the antagonisms between Ukrainian and Polish residents in the city. Polish fighters from Polish Military Organisation (POW) began to seize the city's key points, such as the railroad station. By the end of November 1 most of Przemyśl's crucial areas were in Polish hands.
To forestall further clashes, cease-fire talks were started between the two sides. The Poles were represented by Aleksander Skarbek and Zygmunt Lasocki, while the Ukrainians were represented by Volodymyr Zahaikevych. An agreement was soon reached, and a bilateral commission was created to govern the city. The commission was composed of four Polish and four Ukrainian members and also included one representative of Przemyśl's Jewish community. A mixed Polish-Ukrainian-Jewish police force was formed to maintain order within the city. However, this did not stop the growing tensions, which eventually resulted in demonstrations and sporadic clashes that resulted in injuries and deaths on both sides.
On the night of November 3/4, 220 armed Ukrainian farmers from the nearby villages of Medyka, Nehrybka, Pikulice and Sielec arrived in Przemyśl. Supported by the local Ukrainian militia and a group of 30 Ukrainian Sich Riflemen, they drove Polish forces out of the city center, and by 4:00 a.m. the Ukrainians controlled the eastern half of the city. They captured Puchalski and his staff and placed them in custody. The city's west bank known as the Zasanie, was still in Polish hands, defended by POW soldiers led by Lt. Leon Kozubski, together with a mixed force of volunteers—mostly scouts—students and youngsters. They were later dubbed the "Przemyśl Eaglets" (), in honor of the more famous Lwów Eaglets.
On November 4 a cease-fire was signed in which the Ukrainians agreed to release detained Polish officers, including Gen. Puchalski, and turn over a portion of food rations from the fortress' stores to the Polish side. The San River was to form a provisional demarcation line. The armistice was not kept very long, however, and clashes between both sides continued, including a Ukrainian attempt to cross the river on November 6. On November 10 approximately 400 Polish reinforcements from Kraków (the so-called "San Group") with four artillery pieces arrived by train, commanded by Julian Stachiewicz. The armored train Śmiały also accompanied the troops. On November 11 an ultimatum was issued by the Polish leadership in which they demanded that the Ukrainian forces withdraw from Przemyśl, effectively ceding control of the city to the Poles. The ultimatum was rejected, and at noon on November 11 Polish forces unleashed an artillery barrage on the Ukrainian-controlled right bank of the San. This was followed by Polish forces using the bridges across the river—which the Ukrainians had failed to blow up—to assault the city. By that evening the Poles had taken over the main railway station, the market square and most of the town itself. By November 12 all Ukrainian forces had either withdrawn from or had been driven out of the city.
The successful takeover of Przemyśl enabled the Poles to send reinforcements to the besieged Lviv—which up to that time was virtually cut off from central Poland—via the Przemyśl-Lviv railway line, enabling them to eventually free the city.
References
Sources
Michał Klimecki - "Polsko-ukraińska wojna o Lwów i Galicję Wschodnią 1918-1919", Warszawa 2000, .
Obrona Przemyśla w 1918 roku (in Polish).
Przemysl
Przemysl
Przemyśl
Przemysl
Conflicts in 1918
1918 in Poland
1918 in Ukraine
November 1918 events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Przemy%C5%9Bl%20%281918%29 |
Thomas Brunner (April 1821 – 22 April 1874) was an English-born surveyor and explorer remembered for his exploration of the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island.
Brunner was born in April 1821 in Oxford. When he was fifteen, he began to learn architecture and surveying. In 1841, he joined the New Zealand Company in its venture to establish a settlement in the north of the South Island of New Zealand, to be called Nelson. As well as working as an apprentice surveyor and laying sections and roads for the new settlement, he explored the interior, seeking pastoral land for a growing colony. In 1846 he undertook extensive journeys with Charles Heaphy and a Ngāti Tūmatakōkiri tohunga named Kehu towards and along the West Coast.
In December 1846, Brunner commenced an expedition, accompanied by four Māori including Kehu, which began from Nelson. The party travelled down the Buller River and along the West Coast reaching as far south as Tititira Head, near Lake Paringa before returning to Nelson via the Arahura River. This arduous journey, which at one stage saw one of his legs paralysed, took him 550 days. He received honours from the Royal Geographical Society and the Société de Géographie (French Geographic Society). He continued to work as a surveyor and in 1851 was appointed Government Surveyor. He surveyed the sites, which he and Heaphy had scouted on previous explorations, for what would become the towns of Westport and Greymouth. He retired in 1869 and died of a stroke on 22 April 1874.
Early life
Thomas Brunner was born in Oxford, England, in April 1821, and baptised four months later on 22 August. He was the oldest son of William Brunner, an Oxford attorney who was also the county coroner. He was of Swiss descent, his father's parents having emigrated to England at the time of the French Revolution. The Brunner family were active in the Oxford community, Thomas' parents raising him and his siblings to appreciate cultural and charitable activities. In 1836, at the age of fifteen, Brunner was apprenticed to an architect, Thomas Greenshields, to learn architecture and surveying. Over the next five years, he became proficient in both skills.
Service with the New Zealand Company
In 1841, Brunner's father put his son's name forward to the New Zealand Company, which was seeking prospective emigrants for its proposed settlement in the South Island of New Zealand. The company wanted to populate its new settlement with well educated young men of excellent character and with leadership potential. Furthermore, apprentice surveyors, at the time known as "improvers", were in particular demand and Brunner, aided by character references from his employer and other notable residents of Oxford, was duly selected to join the company. In addition to his work as an improver, he was to assist the settlement's principal surveyor, Frederick Tuckett.
Brunner joined a party of six other young improvers which left England on 27 April 1841 aboard the Whitby. During the voyage to New Zealand, the improvers received further instruction and were tested by having to prepare draft layouts for the new settlement, Brunner's plan being the best of these. On 18 September, the Whitby arrived at Port Nicholson, the New Zealand Company's first settlement. The approximate site for the new settlement had yet to be finalised; initially intended for Banks Peninsula, this location was vetoed by the Governor of New Zealand, William Hobson. Instead, it was to be located at the top of the South Island, at Tasman Bay / Te Tai-o-Aorere. Early the following month a convoy of the company's ships, with Brunner aboard one them, crossed the Cook Strait to Tasman Bay. After scouting the area for three weeks, a site adjacent a deep and sheltered natural harbour was identified as being suitable for the settlement.
For the next two years Brunner assisted in the laying out of the settlement, which was to be called Nelson. A drawback with the Nelson settlement was its lack of pasture and the colony began to appropriate more and more of the plains in the nearby Wairau Valley, much to the displeasure of local Māori. Several personnel of the company, including Arthur Wakefield, the senior official of the company in Nelson, were killed in the Wairau Affray in June 1843. The New Zealand Company was forced to look south for more farming land. Brunner was sent to scout the Motueka Valley but failed to penetrate far due to poor weather. From local Māori he heard of a large plain to the south and passed on his findings to Tuckett. In August 1843, Tuckett dispatched Brunner to confirm the reports. Brunner, accompanied by Kehu, a Māori he had befriended, was again defeated by poor weather.
Life in Nelson was hard for the colonists. The company had limited finances and tightened its expenditure which affected the salaries of its employees. In 1844, it had to halt its operations for a time. Although Nelson had 300 landowners, nearly two-thirds were absentee owners and only 80 actually lived in the town. Brunner lived at Riwaka, a nearby village, and, in addition to carrying out survey work along the Motueka River, helped in the design and building of houses in the area. He ended his service with the company in August 1844.
Exploring the West Coast
In February 1846, Brunner and Kehu, accompanied by Charles Heaphy and William Fox, undertook an expedition southwest of Nelson. Fox was the resident agent for the New Zealand Company in Nelson and provided the equipment and provisions for the party in addition to paying a salary to Brunner and Heaphy. Land in Nelson for farming was still scarce but it was hoped that beyond the steep hills to the southwest, good pastoral land would be found. Difficult terrain faced them; high mountain ranges topped with snow and ice, steep bush, numerous rivers and gorges. Food sources included roots and berries; birds could be snared and eels caught from streams. Along the coast, shellfish and gull eggs added to the diet.
The party, each carrying a load of , trekked to Lake Rotoiti and then climbed the high ranges that backed onto the lake. On 11 February, they saw Lake Rotoroa and made their way to its shores and spent two days exploring the area. They gained the Buller River on 18 February and walked its banks as far as the Maruia River. Here, believing themselves to be only 20 miles from the coast, dwindling provisions prevented them proceeding to the mouth of the Buller River. Guided by Kehu, the party traversed the Hope Saddle on their way back to Nelson, which they reached on 1 March.
Brunner was keen for further exploration and Fox persuaded him to scout along the West Coast to the mouth of the Buller River in the hope of finding suitable land for farming. Brunner, Kehu and Heaphy left Nelson on 17 March on what became a five-month expedition tracing the western coast of South Island as far south as what is now known as Hokitika. Their journey began from Golden Bay, and they made their way to West Wanganui where Brunner hired a local Māori, Etau, as a porter for the party. The expedition hit a snag when the local chief barred their journey south but Brunner and Heaphy mollified him with some tobacco. They continued along the coast, climbing sometimes steep cliffs and fording rivers as they went. Their movements would be held up at times due to rain and high tides. At night, they would shelter in small caves augmented with a screen of Nikau palm leaves. They crossed the Karamea River on 20 April and reached the Buller River ten days later. This had to be crossed using an old canoe that was repaired by Kehu and Etau. After safely getting across, they stayed at the local pā (village). In early May, they sighted the Southern Alps. At the Arahura River (a tributary of the Grey River), the southernmost point of the expedition, they were hosted by the local Ngāi Tahu tribe at Taramakau Pā. Poor weather plagued their return trip back along the coast but they reached Nelson on 18 August.
The Great Journey
On 3 December 1846, Brunner began what became his longest and most arduous expedition. He planned to follow the Buller River to the sea and then trek down the West Coast as far south as Milford Sound. During his previous expedition, he had been told of the existence of a route through the Southern Alps by the Māori at the Arahura River. He hoped to discover this route and use it to cross the Southern Alps and reach Canterbury. He was accompanied once again by Kehu, who brought along his wife. Another Māori, Pitewate, a friend of Kehu's, also joined the venture, accompanied by his wife. Brunner provided clothing and shoes for his companions. The wives proved problematic during the journey as they quarrelled, sometimes supported by their husbands, and Brunner would have to mediate.
Stocked with provisions that included two guns, of tobacco, of flour, salt and pepper, biscuits and tea, the party travelled by mules and canoe for the first two weeks until they reached Buller River. They then followed the path of the river down to the coast. The journey was difficult; the party was constantly bothered by sandflies and rain and they had to ford the river several times. They settled into a routine of trekking for a week then camping for the same period to restock their provisions, living off freshwater fish and cabbage- and fern-tree roots. By May 1847, they were at the final reaches of the Buller but food was becoming so scarce to find, they had to kill Brunner's dog. He noted its flesh was "... something between mutton and pork. It is too richly flavoured to eat by itself." This incident led to him being nicknamed Kai Kuri (dog eater).
Brunner was disappointed at the condition of the land along the banks of the Buller River as it neared the coast. He had briefly scouted the area on his previous journey and believed it had potential for pastoral farming. He now found it too damp and mossy to be cultivated. The party reached the mouth of the Buller on 1 June and made their way to the pā that Brunner and Heaphy had stayed at on their last journey but on arrival, found that it had been abandoned. They continued on down to the Arahura River and reached the Taramakau Pā where they stayed for three months over the worst of the winter months. On 12 October, Brunner continued south with some local Māori. He went as far south as Tititira Head, near Lake Paringa where in December he severely sprained his ankle. After recovering, he decided to make his way back to Taramakau Pā. From here he along with his companions, journeyed up the Arahura River and in late January 1848, discovered the coalfield and lake which now bears his name. He wanted to continue on this route to Canterbury but Kehu and Pitewate would have none of it. The party began to make their way back to Nelson.
They travelled north via a tributary of the Arahura River which eventually met the Buller River, which they reached in March. In April, while making his way up the Buller Gorge, Brunner suffered paralysis of his leg. The party had to lay up for a week for Brunner to recover some use of his body. With the aid of Kehu (Pitewate and his wife abandoned the party when Brunner became ill), he was able to reach Nelson in June 1848, thus ending after 550 days what he described as his 'Great Journey'.
In Nelson, many people had thought Brunner dead and he readily recognised that he would not have survived his endeavours without the aid of Kehu, writing: "... I found my native Ekehu of much use – invaluable indeed, but the other three rather an encumbrance – I could have made better progress without them; but to Ekehu I owe my life – he is a faithful and attached servant." As well as further information about the West Coast, Brunner informed the colony that coal was to be found in the Grey River valley. However, he also considered, mistakenly, that "there is nothing on the West Coast worth incurring the expense of exploring."
Reports of Brunner's endeavours on the West Coast soon spread to Wellington and England. He wrote an account of his journey which was first published by Charles Elliott, the editor of the local newspaper the Nelson Examiner, and later, in 1850, in the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society. In 1851, the Royal Geographical Society awarded Brunner a 25 guinea prize for 'his explorations of the Middle Island of New Zealand', and appointed him a Fellow of the Society. His exploits were also recognised in France, the Société de Géographie (French Geographic Society) awarding him a diploma in 1852.
Later life
Brunner's constitution was considerably impaired by his exertions and his health never fully returned. Despite this, after a period of recovery he set out in November 1848 with three companions, including Kehu, to discover a quicker route between Nelson and Wairau. This involved travelling the paths of the Maitai and Wairoa Rivers to their headwaters. The weather was poor throughout the six-week trip and Brunner was in discomfort for much of the ultimately unsuccessful venture, which determined that the existing route to Wairau was the fastest.
Apart from a short period doing contract surveying for the New Zealand Company in March 1849, Brunner remained unemployed and wrote numerous letters to his contacts. His former travelling companion, William Fox, and Dillon Bell, chief agent of the New Zealand Company, also sought to find him a job and through them, he was able to find work as a clerk with the Canterbury Association between September 1849 and February 1850. He returned to Nelson in May 1850 and secured full-time employment as a surveyor with the New Zealand Company, but with the proviso that he would be able to take on private work which did not interfere with his duties. To supplement his income Brunner began to take on architectural commissions.
In 1851, the New Zealand Company was still struggling financially and eventually transferred its land to the New Zealand Government. Brunner's employment with the company ceased and he, after writing a letter soliciting for surveying work, was appointed the Government Surveyor with an annual salary of £100 (2014 approximation £8,000). This was still a low salary for a professional and Brunner was allowed to continue with his architectural commissions, working from an office he had purchased in Nelson. He was kept busy for the next several years; in addition to carrying out and supervising survey work in the area, he took on responsibility for some public works. He drew up plans for roading, bridges and botanical gardens.
On 11 October 1855, Brunner married Jane Robson, the 26-year-old daughter of a labourer who had brought his family to New Zealand the previous year. It was a respectable match for Jane as Brunner was considered a particularly eligible bachelor in Nelson, one of around 45 professionals working in the town of about 1600 people. His salary had increased to £300 (£24,000) and he was now Chief Surveyor for the Nelson Province, the local returning officer and the Commissioner of Native Reserves for Nelson. He also owned three properties, including his Nelson office.
Brunner returned to the mouth of the Buller River in March 1861 but this time aboard a ship. Working in much greater comfort than on his last visit to the area in 1848, with other members of his staff he surveyed and laid out sections for what would become the town of Westport. Later that month he did the same for Greymouth. The work was soon completed and the party returned to Nelson in April 1861.
Brunner designed St Michael's Church in Waimea West in 1866, which was probably New Zealand's first memorial church. It commemorates Captain Francis H. Blundell, an early settler who died in 1865 and is buried here. The previous church on the site from 1843 was the first church in the Nelson Province. On 5 April 1984, St Michael's was registered with the New Zealand Historic Places Trust (now Heritage New Zealand) as a Category I structure with registration number 248.
Retirement and death
Brunner retired in 1869 at the relatively young age of 46. He remained employed by the Nelson Provincial Council as a consultant surveyor and was also head of the Nelson Survey Department. His administration skills were not up to the latter role and many of the surveys produced under his supervision were of poor quality. He also continued to seek private work and contributed to a report on the suitability of the Buller region for settlement and this was published in early 1873. On his retirement in 1869 he had retained his offices of sheriff, returning officer and registration officer but was relieved of these in 1872 in cost-cutting measures by the Nelson Provincial Council. This did not meet with the approval of locals.
In late 1873, Brunner suffered a paralysis of his left side which prevented him from working. By mid-April 1874, he had sufficiently recovered to begin soliciting the provincial government for suitable employment. However, on the morning of 22 April he suffered a stroke and died few hours later. His funeral service was held at Nelson Cathedral and was attended by several hundred people. A large Māori contingent, including his long-time friend Kehu, was also present. Brunner was buried at Wakapuaka Cemetery. He was survived by his wife, who moved to England soon after his death. She lived with her brother until her death in 1895. The couple had no children.
Honorific eponyms and memorials
Several geographic features are named for him. Brunner, originally called Brunnerton, is a small settlement on the Grey River inland from Greymouth where he first found coal. It is the site of the former Brunner Mine, best known for New Zealand's worst mine disaster in 1896. Lake Brunner is located some by road from here, upstream along the Arnold River; Brunner went there after his coal discovery. Another feature named for him is the Brunner Range, which is located east of the valley through which the Inangahua River flows. Brunner Peninsula extends into Lake Rotoiti at Saint Arnaud. A plaque to his memory lies in the Nelson Cathedral and another is mounted onto a memorial stone in the Buller Gorge adjacent to State Highway 6.
Notes
Footnotes
Citations
References
External links
Narrated slide show by the Ministry for Culture and Heritage covering the Great Journey
Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle 1848 account of the Great Journey - 30 Sep, 7 Oct, 14 Oct, 21 Oct
Explorers of New Zealand
New Zealand explorers
English surveyors
New Zealand surveyors
1821 births
1874 deaths
History of the West Coast, New Zealand
Fellows of the Royal Society of New Zealand
Burials at Wakapuaka Cemetery
Sheriffs of New Zealand | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Brunner |
This is a list of current or former military airfields within the English county of Norfolk, East Anglia. They may have been used by the Royal Flying Corps (RFC), Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS), Royal Air Force (RAF), Army Air Corps (AAC), Fleet Air Arm (FAA), United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) or the United States Air Force (USAF).
For a list of current RAF stations in the UK and abroad, see List of Royal Air Force stations and for former stations see List of former Royal Air Force stations.
References
External links
Royal Air Force official website
Control Towers website
USAAF bases
Airfields tours and map, British Tours
Military history of Norfolk
Geography of Norfolk
Airfields | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Norfolk%20airfields |
Newton Morrell is a village and civil parish in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England. It is from Darlington and from Junction 56 on the A1(M) motorway and north-east of Richmond.
The village was described in the Domesday Book as belong to Count Alan and in the manor of Gilling. The name of the village derives from a combination of Old English (nīwe tūn) and a family surname of Morrell (from Old French meaning "dark and husky").
At the 2011 Census the population of the civil parish was less than 100. Information regarding this population is included in the parish of Cleasby. The village is very near Barton and Stapleton.
Just to the south of the village is what has been designated as a medieval shrunken village. Earthworks are also present at this site.
References
External links
Village website
Villages in North Yorkshire
Civil parishes in North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%20Morrell |
Newsham is a village and civil parish in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England. The village is north west of Richmond and south west of Darlington.
History
The settlement of Newsham predates the Domesday Book, although the name of the village derives from the Old English nēowan hūsum, which means New Houses. At the time of the Norman Conquest, Newsham belonged to Sprot and Ulfkil. After the Domesday Book assessment, the land was in the hands of Count Alan and later passed to Minotts (of Carlton Miniott) in 1285 and then being seized by the Markenfield family by 1497.
During the Stuart and Tudor periods, the village was regarded as quite important due to its market, of which the grade II listed market cross still exists, having been erected in the 16th century. Another grade II listed building in the village is Newsham Hall, now a farmhouse, it once housed a boarding school in the early 19th century.
In 1870-72 John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales described Newsham as:"a township and a sub-district in Richmond district, N. R. Yorkshire. The township lies 8 miles N W of Richmond, and is in Kirkby-Ravensworth and Barningham parishes. Acres, 3, 312. Real property, £3, 974. Pop. in 1851, 434; in 1861, 366. Houses, 84. Pop. of the Kirkby-Ravensworth portion, in 1851, 333; in 1861, 283. Houses, 61. Much of the surfaceis moor and woodland.—The sub-district contains also seven other townships. Acres, 16, 481. Pop., 1, 413. Houses, 313."
Governance
Now a separate parish, Newsham was formerly part of the Kirkby Ravensworth, which also included Dalton, Gayles and Whashton. The village lies within the Richmond (Yorks) parliamentary constituency, which is under the control of the Conservative Party. The current Member of Parliament, since the 2015 general election, is Rishi Sunak. Newsham is part of the Richmondshire District Council electoral ward of Gilling West.
Community and culture
Newsham has a village hall and a village green, on which an annual carnival takes place in May/June. The village was once home to a public house, The Pipes Tavern, however it has since closed, the Smallways Country Inn and the Rokeby Inn (formerly the A66 Motel) are less than a mile north of the village on a junction with the A66 road.
References
External links
Villages in North Yorkshire
Civil parishes in North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsham%2C%20Richmondshire |
Gayles is a village and civil parish in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England. Gayles is established in the district ward of Gilling West. This small village consists of 80 households, with a total population (including Kirby Hill) of 180 according to the 2011 UK census. The area also includes two farms by the names of Gayles Hall Farm and Slip Farm. The village is roughly west of Darlington.
In 1870–72, John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales describes Gayles as follows:
History
Gayles, Dalton, Kirkby-on-the-hill, New Forest, Newsham, Ravensworth and Whashton are the townships that compose the Kirkby Ravensworth Parish. Kirkby Ravensworth was historically situated in the North Riding of Yorkshire, and has been a part of North Yorkshire since 1974. According to the UK census data, the population of Gayles has declined from 224 in 1811, to 180 in 2011. On 19 December 1951 the Gayles Hall () was registered as a grade II British listed building with the Richmondshire District Council having local authority. The Duchess Dowager of Northumberland is the most extensive owner, and also lady of the manor, but the Rev. John Shaw and Miss E. Hind have estates here, besides whom there are several small freeholders. The village is situated on the Barnard Castle and Richmond road, and is distant about eight miles from the former place, and five from the latter. Gayles Hall was long the seat of a branch of the Wycliffe family, but is now occupied by a farmer.
Geography
The village is from London and from the county town of Northallerton. The closest settlements are Kirby Hill, Dalton and Ravensworth. Other local villages are Newsham, East Layton, West Layton, Gilling West and Hartforth. Gayles is above sea level. Gayles is approximately south of the A66 major road which runs from east of Middlesbrough to Workington in Cumbria. Gayles has one minor road running straight through the centre of the village, the Slip Inn Bank. Gayles is situated 11.9 miles from Greta Bridge, 12.1 miles from Richmond, 14.6 miles from Scotch Corner and 19.3 miles from Barnard Castle.
Demographics
Population
The first recorded census of Gayles was registered in 1881 with a population of 125. This census continued to be carried out every ten years up to 1961 with statistics on total population, population change and a male to female ratio. There are no census records for 1941 owing to the Second World War. In 1931, Gayles population was at an all-time low of 90 people. There was no great change in the population from 1881 to 1961, with the largest range in population being 38. From 1961 the census data began gathering information from some places by wards and no longer by parishes.
The 2011 census data shows a population of 180, with a male to female ratio split 51 per cent to 49 per cent respectively. The census data shows that 52.2 per cent of Gayles' population are aged 30–59 years old and the mean age of the area is 43.4. Out of 180 people, 166 were born in England.
Occupation
The 1881 census data provides information into which employment category the population fall into. Sixty-two of the population of 110 were employed. The data shows that 19 of the 27 employed males worked in agriculture, while the other working males were spread out in categories including domestic services, catering and professionals in gentrification. In contrast, 12 females work in domestic services and 15 females work in occupations that cannot be specified.
According to the 2011 census 104 people out of 180 are employed, 53 of which are males and 51 females. Human, health and social work activities and agriculture are the two main industries in Gayles dominating 27.9 per cent of occupational share.
Land use
Housing
Gayles has been described as a hamlet or isolated settlement in an accessible inhabitant countryside. Housing in Gayles is typically detached and semi-detached, with an average asking house price £198, 143. Housing ownership is typically owner occupied and private rental. There is a total of 80 households in Gayles, 40 per cent of which are owned outright, with 79 per cent of the total households maintaining central heating. 13.8 per cent of the total population of Gayles are over 65 living in a one-person household. With 99 per cent of the population of Gayles 16 and over in these households speaking English or Welsh as their main language.
Leisure
Miniature World Riding Academy, away, is an attraction for tourists in the area. The academy maintains an indoor and outdoor facility and offers individual and group lessons with safety equipment provided. Richmond Castle is from Gayles. It is described by English Heritage as one of the "finest tourist attractions in North Yorkshire", with views of the Yorkshire Dales, and a tranquil cockpit garden. The castle was originally built to subdue the unruly North of England it is one of the greatest fortresses in the United Kingdom. Moulton Hall (), National Trust, east of Gayles, registered as a grade I listed building, is another tourist location. Moulton Hall is a 17th-century manor house with an intricately carved staircase rebuilt in approximately 1650 on an ancient site. The house is surrounded by approximately of grounds. It is open to the public on a limited basis by arrangement with the tenant.
References
External links
Villages in North Yorkshire
Civil parishes in North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayles%2C%20North%20Yorkshire |
Andrea Zorzi (born 29 July 1965 in Noale, province of Venice) is a former Italian volleyball player, who won two World Championships with the Italy men's national volleyball team (1990 and 1994). A 201 cm athlete, Zorzi was en effective spiker playing usually as opposite hitter. He was popularly known as Zorro.
After his debut in Bormio in 1986, he totalled 325 caps with Italian national team. He was a silver medalist in the 1996 Summer Olympics and also competed at the 1988 and 1992 games.
Playing for almost all the major volleyball clubs of Italy, including Maxicono Parma and Sisley Treviso, he won several titles: these include two Italian Championships (1990, 1996) and one European Champions League in 1995. In 1991 he was declared World's Best Player by FIVB.
Zorzi 328 apps for national team of italy.
Clubs
Individual awards
1990 FIVB World League "Most Valuable Player"
1991 FIVB World League "Most Valuable Player"
1992 FIVB World League "Best Server"
References
External links
1965 births
Living people
Sportspeople from the Metropolitan City of Venice
Olympic volleyball players for Italy
Olympic silver medalists for Italy
Italian men's volleyball players
Volleyball players at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Volleyball players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Volleyball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in volleyball
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Opposite hitters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea%20Zorzi |
The Zeros are an American punk rock band, formed in 1976 in Chula Vista, California. The band was originally composed of Javier Escovedo (younger brother of Alejandro Escovedo, older brother of Mario Escovedo of The Dragons) on vocals/guitar and Robert Lopez (later known as El Vez) on guitar, who were both attending Chula Vista High School; Hector Penalosa, (bass), and Baba Chenelle, (drums), who attended Sweetwater High School. Sometimes compared to the Ramones, the band was considered a pioneer of punk rock on the West Coast.
Biography
In 1977, The Zeros played their first major gig in Los Angeles at the Orpheum. Opening the show was the first performance by The Germs, followed by The Zeros and then The Weirdos. The gig was promoted by Peter Case of The Nerves, who later served as the frontman of The Breakaways and The Plimsouls. The Zeros' first single release, "Wimp" b/w "Don't Push Me Around", was released in 1977 on Bomp! Records.
In 1978, Penalosa left the band briefly to live and play in Los Angeles, and was replaced by Guy Lopez, Robert Lopez's brother. Soon after, Robert left to live in Los Angeles as well, and his brother quit the Zeros. Penalosa rejoined the band and they continued as a trio, and eventually relocated to San Francisco. In March 1979, UK music magazine NME reported that "punk riots had come to the U.S., when Los Angeles police broke up a Zeros' gig at Elks Hall." In 1980, the band recorded a new single, including the songs "They Say That (Everything's Alright)," "Girl on the Block" and "Getting Nowhere Fast." After more touring that led to Austin, Texas and New York, the band fizzled out.
The band is infamous for playing an entire set consisting of eight replays of "Beat Your Heart Out" in San Francisco.
In 1995, the band resurfaced with a new album, Knockin' Me Dead. More recently, the Zeros reunited to tour in Spain in early 2007. All four members reunited again for a short West Coast tour that began in San Diego in June 2009. In October 2010, The Zeros embarked on a short tour of the East Coast.
Cover versions of songs by The Zeros have been released by amongst others The Hoodoo Gurus, Mono Men, The Nomads (Swedish band) ("Wimp"), Brazilian band Periferia S.A. (Reality), Wednesday Week ("They Say That Everything's Alright"), The Muffs ("Beat Your Heart Out"), and the Swedish band Sator ("Black and White").
Discography
Singles
1977 - "Wimp" b/w "Don't Push Me Around" - Bomp! Records
1978 - "Beat Your Heart Out" b/w "Wild Weekend" - Bomp!
1980 - "Getting Nowhere Fast" b/w "They Say That (Everything's Alright)" - Test Tube Records
1992 - "I Don't Wanna" b/w "Li'l Latin Lupe Lu" - Sympathy for the Record Industry
1992 - "Bottoms Up" b/w "Sneakin' Out" - Rockville
1994 - "Sometimes Good Guys Don't Wear White" b/w "Knockin' Me Dead" (acoustic) - Munster Records
1995 - "Yo No Quiero" b/w "Siamese Tease" - Munster Records
1995 - "Black 'n' White" b/w "Pushin' Too Hard" - Planet of Noise Records
1998 - "You, Me, Us" b/w "Talkin'" - Penniman
2010 - "Mainstreet Brat" b/w "Handgrenade Heart" - Last Laugh Records
EP's
1989 - "The Zeros" - Munster Records - 4 tracks 7" vinyl
Albums
1991 - "Don't Push Me Around" - Bomp! - collection of rare and live tracks
1994 - "Knocking Me Dead" - Rockville - also released in Spain / Munster Records
1995 - "Over the Sun" - Imposible - live recording
1999 - "Right Now!" - Bomp! also released in Spain / Houston Party, Germany / Empty Records
Compilation appearances
1993 - "Don't Push Me Around" - We're Desperate: The L.A. Scene (1976-79) (Rhino)
See also
Latino punk
The Dils
Battalion of Saints
References
External links
The Modpopunk Archives
Chris Ziegler, "The Zeros: One of my Proudest Moments Ever", L.A. Record, July 16, 2009
Punk rock groups from California
Musical groups from San Diego
Musical groups established in 1976
1976 establishments in California
Musical quartets from California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Zeros%20%28American%20band%29 |
Pattabhi () is an Indian name.
Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya, an Indian independence activist and political leader in the state of Andhra Pradesh
K. Pattabhi Jois, an Indian yoga teacher
Pattabhi Rama Reddy Tikkavarapu, an Indian writer, film producer and director.
Pattabhi () is an Indian Hindu name. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattabhi |
Risto Kalevi Jussilainen (born 10 June 1975) is a Finnish former ski jumper.
Career
Jussilainen's career best achievement was a silver medal in the team large hill competition at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. At World Cup level he won two individual and seven team competitions (normal hill, large hill and ski flying) between 2000 and 2002. In the 2000/01 season he finished third in the overall standings. He also won silver medals in both team competitions (normal and large hills) at the 2001 World Championships.
During his career he won two World Cup competitions, an Olympic medal and three World Championship medals.
World Cup
Standings
Wins
References
1975 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Jyväskylä
Ski jumpers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Finnish male ski jumpers
Olympic ski jumpers for Finland
Olympic silver medalists for Finland
Olympic medalists in ski jumping
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in ski jumping
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
21st-century Finnish people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risto%20Jussilainen |
Honor Maria Ford-Smith (born 1951 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Jamaican actress, playwright, scholar, and poet. The daughter of a brown Jamaican mother and an English father, Ford-Smith is sometimes described as "Jamaica white," signalling a person of mixed race who appears white.
Ford-Smith, who studied theatre at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, was a co-founder and artistic director of Sistren, a theatre collective of working-class Jamaican women established in 1977. Sistren created its own plays collaboratively, and performed in Jamaica and abroad; the group also worked extensively in community theatre and popular education, particularly around issues affecting women. Sistren played a leading role in the Caribbean women's movement, providing feminist analysis of women's issues in Jamaica and entering into transnational alliances with women's organizations in the Caribbean region, North America, the UK, and Europe. Ford-Smith was also a member of the Groundwork Theatre Company, created in 1980 as the repertory arm of the Jamaica School of Drama; it became an autonomous company in 1987.
She edited and contributed to Sistren's book Lionheart Gal: Life Stories of Jamaican Women, published in 1986 and re-issued, with a new afterword by Ford-Smith, in 2005. Her collection of poems, My Mother's Last Dance, appeared in 1996. Among her many theatre projects have been a dramatic adaptation of My Mother's Last Dance, and Just Jazz, an adaptation of Jean Rhys's 1962 short story "Let Them Call It Jazz". Ford-Smith is a founding mother of the Caribbean Association for Feminist Research and Action (CAFRA).
Ford-Smith moved to Toronto in 1991, receiving her doctorate in education from the University of Toronto in 2004. She continues to write, to work in theatre and to teach in Toronto.
She teaches at York University in Toronto under the Faculty of Environmental & Urban Change.
References
1951 births
Actresses from Montreal
Canadian people of Jamaican descent
Jamaican stage actresses
Jamaican dramatists and playwrights
University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni
Canadian women dramatists and playwrights
Canadian women poets
Canadian stage actresses
Living people
Writers from Montreal
Academic staff of York University
University of Toronto alumni
20th-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Canadian poets
20th-century Canadian women writers
20th-century Jamaican poets
Jamaican women poets | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor%20Ford-Smith |
Hezhou () is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
Geography and climate
Hezhou is located in northeastern Guangxi. It borders Hunan to the north and Guangdong to the east. The area is . The average elevation is and the highest is above sea-level.
The city has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with mild, damp winters and hot and wet summers. The yearly average temperature is , and annual precipitation is .
Administration
Hezhou has 2 urban districts, 2 counties, and 1 autonomous county.
Urban District:
Babu District ()
Pinggui District ()
Counties:
Zhongshan County ()
Zhaoping County ()
Autonomous County:
Fuchuan Yao Autonomous County ()
Demographics
Hezhou was home to 2,007,858 inhabitants as of the 2020 Chinese census whom 1,411,212 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Babu and Pinggui urban districts and Zhongshan county largely being urbanized. Ethnic groups include Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao and others.
The Hezhou City Almanac lists the following ethnic subdivisions and their respective distributions. Population statistics are as of 1990.
Han
Bendi ()
Hakka (): 240,000 in Liantang (), Shatian (), Gonghui (), Guiling (), Huangtian ()
Pumen (): 80,000 in Pumen ()
Jiudu (): 30,000 in Babu (), Huangtian (), E'tang ()
Yao: 36,518
Pan Yao () (autonym: Bian You (); exonyms: Guoshan Yao (), Buzhai Yao ()): 31,000 in Daping (), Gonghui (), Shatian (), Lisong (), Hejie (), Daning (), Liantang (), Butou (), Huangdong (), Guiling (), Kaishan (), Renyi (), E'tang (), Shuikou ()
Gedai Mian (): 4,000 in Lishui (), Xiaoshui () of Daping Township ()
Tu Yao () (autonym: Yindi Mian / ): 5000 in Shatian (), E'tang () townships (in the villages of Mingmei / ), Daming / ), Caodui / ), Jinzhu / ), Xinmin / ), Shidong / )
Zhuang: 34,881 in Nanxiang (), Shatian (), Daning (), E'tang ()
Economy
Its place along the Guilin-Wuzhou Highway and central location close to Hunan and Guangdong make it a convenient place to find new roommates (Maocheng). Forestry is one of Hezhou's most important industries. More than of land are forested. Hydropower is also important with more than 700 megawatts produced. Hezhou's biggest mineral resource is gold. Other minerals include iron and aluminum. Agricultural products include beef and dairy cattle, fruits, vegetables, turpentine, tea, and tobacco.
[city GDP]
In 2021, regional GDP will reach 90.921 billion yuan, with a per capita GDP of 45,044 yuan.
[government receipts]
The general public budget revenue of Hezhou local finance has increased significantly in the past 10 years, and increased in 2021 compared with 2012 and 2016 respectively
390.25%、50.47%。In the main taxes in the general public budget composition, value-added tax and enterprise income tax increased significantly.
[fiscal expenditure]
The general public budget expenditure of Hezhou local finance has increased significantly, increasing respectively in 2021 compared with 2012,2016
27.71% and-22.58%. Among the major fiscal expenditures, the expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water conservancy, education and health care accounted for the main components of the fiscal expenditure, increasing year by year.
[Consumer Retail]
Hezhou ranked 256th in the total retail sales of social consumer goods in the 275 cities.
Transportation
Hezhou railway station opened in 2009.
China National Highway 207
Flora and fauna
Hezhou has more than 1,040 species of plants and 130 species of birds.
References
External links
Official website (Chinese)
Languages of Hezhou City
Cities in Guangxi
Prefecture-level divisions of Guangxi
National Forest Cities in China | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezhou |
Pontalina is a municipality in south-central Goiás state, Brazil. One hundred and twenty-five kilometers from the state capital, Goiânia, it has become one of the most important retail clusters of lingerie in the state: Every year thousand of people flock to the city to buy its production of fine lingerie in order to sell it within Goiás, in other states, and even abroad.
Geography and climate
Pontalina is connected by highways BR-153 and GO-19. Another way to reach it by car is through the newly renovated GO-040 road that connects it to Aparecida de Goiânia (in the metropolitan area of the capital, Goiânia). Neighboring municipalities are Mairipotaba, Piracanjuba, Morrinhos, Aloândia, Joviânia, Vicentinópolis, Edéia, Edealina and Cezarina.
The climate is hot in summer and mild in winter, with an average annual temperature of 25 °C. The fauna is represented by jacaré, catitus, paca, deer, and capibara, whose preferred habitat is the Rio dos Bois. The flora has suffered with deforestation but there are still stands of jatobá, angico, aroeira, ipê and peroba rosa (Aspidosperma—see Peroba rosa)
History
The origins of the town go back to the nineteenth century when cattle ranchers established themselves in the region. In 1938 what was once a district of Morrinhos became a city named Pontalina, derived from the proximity of the Rio dos Bois and the Meia Ponte River.
Government
Pontalina's current mayor is Edson Guimaraes de Faria. In 2009 its city council had nine members.
Demographics
As of 2007, its urban population numbered 13,216 people, its rural population, 3,010. Its population density was 11.36 inhabitants per square kilometer, and between 2000 and 2007 it experienced a population loss of 0.29 percent.
Economy
Pontalina's economy is based on agriculture, cattle raising, services, public administration, and small transformation industries. There is a large production of milk.
Industrial units: 40 (2007)
Commercial units: 191 (2007)
Bank agencies: Banco do Brasil - Banco Bradesco - Banco Itaú
(June 2007)
Dairy: Parmalat Brasil - Indústria de Alimentos (22/05/2006)
Cattle herd: 119,656 heads (2006)
Dairy cows: 22,440 (2006)
Main crops (2006): pumpkin, rice, banana, beans, watermelon, soybeans (16,850 hectares), tomatoes, wheat, and corn (1,150 hectares).
Education
In 2006, Pontalina had 15 schools with a total enrollment of 4,283. There were 732 students in its middle and secondary schools.
There is no higher education institution in the municipality, and its literacy rate among adults in 2000 was 86.2% (compared to the national average of 86.4%).
Health
In 2007, the municipality had two hospitals and nine ambulatory clinics with a total 52 hospital beds.
Its infant mortality rate was 14.22 in 2000, compared to the national average of 33.0.
Quality of life index
In the 2000 United Nations Human Development Index, Pontalina had a rating of 0.805, which ranked it in 8th place out of a total of 242 municipalities in the state of Goiás. Nationally it was ranked 467 out of 5,507 municipalities. For the complete list see Frigoletto
See also
List of municipalities in Goiás
External links
Official municipality website
References
Sepin
Municipalities in Goiás | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontalina |
Kirby Hill, historically also known as Kirby-on-the-Hill, is a village and civil parish in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England. The village is about south of Ravensworth and about north-west of the town of Richmond.
The parish population is about 60. At the 2011 census, it was less than 100. Population data about Kirby Hill is now included in population data about the parish of Gayles.
Kirby Hill was a township in the parish of Kirkby Ravensworth until 1866, when it was made a separate civil parish.
As early as 1859, the centre of the village green featured "a beautiful spring". It continued to be used by residents until at least 1932. Sir Nikolaus Pevsner described Kirby Hill as "a perfect village, but ... also ... exceptional".
Parish church
The Church of England parish church of Sts Peter and Felix historically served the large ancient parish of Kirkby Ravensworth. It was built in the 12th century on the site of a previous Anglo-Saxon church.
The east window of the chancel was added in the 13th century. Several other features were added in the 14th century, including the vestry, the north aisle, the south porch, several new windows, and the west tower (built in 1397). And the clerestory and south aisle were added in the 15th century. The church is a Grade I listed building.
The tower has two bells. One is inscribed with the phrase Venite exultemus domino (Latin for "Let us come and praise the Lord", a quotation from Psalm 95), “SS 1664” (the year the bell was added), and the initials of the master founder, Samuel Smith of York.
A monument in the church commemorates a former rector, Dr John Dakyn (1497–1558), who was an archdeacon of East Riding. He took part in the Pilgrimage of Grace (and is a noted chronicler of it), but wrote that he "managed to exculpate himself".
Other notable rectors of the parish include George Fitzhugh (died 1505), who was a chancellor of Cambridge University and a dean of Lincoln; William Rokeby (died 1521), who was a lord chancellor of Ireland; and Alan Percy (circa 1480–1560), who was a master of St John's College, Cambridge.
The church also has a monument to Thomas Wycliffe, who died in 1821; he was the last surviving male descendant of the religious reformer John Wycliffe.
Grammar school
Dr John Dakyn, a 16th-century vicar of Kirby Ravensworth, left a legacy to fund the establishment of a grammar school in the village. It was built in 1556 and enlarged in 1706.
Notable alumni of the grammar school include Matthew Hutton (1693–1758), who was born in the village and was made archbishop of Canterbury in 1757; the astronomer William Lax (1761–1836) and the antiquarian and the topographer James Raine (1791–1858).
The school closed in 1957, just one year after its 400th anniversary. The former school’s building is now a private house and a Grade II* listed building.
Amenities
Kirby Hill has an 18th-century public house, the Shoulder of Mutton.
References
Bibliography
External links
Civil parishes in North Yorkshire
Villages in North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirby%20Hill%2C%20Richmondshire |
Grangetown (Welsh: usually Grangetown, also Trelluest) is a district and community in the south of Cardiff, capital of Wales. It is one of the largest districts in the south of the city and is bordered by Riverside, Canton and Butetown. The River Taff winds its way through the area. Adjacent to the city's Cardiff Bay area, Grangetown is experiencing a period of gentrification and improvements in its infrastructure. Its population as of 2011 was 19,385 in 8,261 households. One of the "five towns of Cardiff", the others are Butetown, Crockherbtown, Newtown and Temperance Town.
Grangetown is a diverse and multiracial district and has a significant population of Somali, Asian and mixed-race residents. It is home to a Swaminarayan Temple and various mosques.
Etymology
The name Grangetown is the usual form in Welsh. The variants Y Grange (dating back to the nineteenth century) and Y Grênj (equivalents of The Grange) are sometimes seen. Owen John Thomas has used the form Y Grange Mawr (literally, 'the great grange', though perhaps influenced by the English Grange Moor). The names Trelluest (Welsh tre 'town' + lluest 'lodge'), Trefaenor (tre + maenor 'manor') and Trefynach (tre + mynach 'monk') appear to be recent coinages. Gwyddoniadur Cymru, the Welsh-language version of the Encyclopaedia of Wales, uses Grangetown, but notes the existence of Trelluest.
The grange was named after the 'moor' or saltmarsh upon which it stood, giving rise to English forms such as 'More Grange' and 'Grangemoor' and French equivalents such as 'La Grange de Mora'.
History
Until the mid-19th-century Grangetown was an area of marshy land used for farming. It appears to have been granted to the Cistercian abbey of Margam Abbey sometime at the end of the twelfth century. The monks established a monastic grange there which they held until they were expelled in around 1290 by Gilbert de Clare, Lord of Glamorgan. They were restored to their lands in 1329 and held them until the dissolution of the monasteries.
By the fifteenth century the grange was being farmed to laymen. The last farmer was a landowner called Lewis ap Richard who is also known as a patron of the Welsh-language poet Rhys Brychan. After the dissolution, the grange remained in the hand of Lewis's descendants. Lewis's son, Edward Lewis, also a noted patron of Welsh poets, settled at the Van near Caerphilly. The grange remained in the hands of the Lewises of the Van when they moved to St Fagans Castle during the 1610s. The Lewis estates eventually passed through an heiress into the hands of Other Lewis Windsor (1731–1771), 4th Earl of Plymouth. The grange was farmed by a succession of tenants into the twentieth century.
The farmhouse, known as Grange Farm, still exists today but is now surrounded by streets of terraced brick houses, which were built to house the many workers who moved to Cardiff to work in the industrial boom of the 19th century, particularly centered on the docks. The farmhouse dates in part from the sixteenth century.
Grangetown developed after 1850, the year Penarth Road and the bridges over the River Taff and River Ely were constructed, linking Cardiff with Penarth. In 1857 Baroness Windsor (whose Plymouth Estate owned the land) obtained an Act of Parliament to build housing in the area, intending to call it The Grange. Grangetown became a suburb of Cardiff in 1875. The area was low lying and subject to flooding. In 1883 the sea flooded parts of Grangetown to a depth of five feet.
Samuel Arthur Brain, the founder of Brains Brewery, was elected to Cardiff Council in 1885 to represent Grangetown.
Grangetown's original public library on Redlaver Street was built 1900–1901 in the Tudor Gothic style. It has now been sold to developers and converted into flats.
Grangetown was attacked in the Cardiff Blitz. On 2 January 1941, during the full moon, around 100 German World War 2 planes raided Cardiff for over 10 hours.
A cellar at Hollyman Brothers Bakery on the corner of Corporation Road and Stockland Street was being used as a bunker. All 32 people in the shelter, including members of the Hollyman family, were killed.
The premises continued as a bakery for about a decade before it became Clarence Hardware shop, which remains to this day. On the side of the building you can see a plaque in memory of the victims, which was erected by the Grangetown Local History Society.
Cardiff's popular pastries, Clark's Pies, arrived in Grangetown in 1955 when Dennis Dutch (great-grandson of Mary and Arthur Clark) opened a shop in Bromsgrove Street. The shop still trades today.
Government
The community of Grangetown does not have a community council for the area. The Grangetown electoral ward returns four local councillors to Cardiff Council. Grangetown is part of the Cardiff South and Penarth constituency which returns one MP to the UK Parliament and one MS to the Senedd.
Places of worship
Grangetown has at least ten Christian places of worship including Grangetown Baptist Church and the Salvation Army citadel as well as a Hindu temple on Merches Place, mosque called Masjid Abu Bakr on Clydach Street and newly built Masjid called Markaz At-Tawheed on Penarth road.
The church of St Paul, Paget Street, was built between 1889 and 1902, largely at the expense of Lord Windsor. It uses an "eccentric" palette of materials including pennant rubble, pink sandstone and Portland cement. The architect was John Coates Carter, a distinguished Arts & Crafts designer.
St Patrick's Church is the Roman Catholic place of worship for the neighbourhood.
St Dyfrig and St Samson, Pentre Gardens, dates from 1911.
The Welsh language
The number of Grangetown residents over three years old who speak Welsh has grown from 1,217 (8.9%) in the 2001 UK Census to 1,867 (10.2%) in the 2011 UK Census. This equates to over 15% of the total increase in Welsh speakers in Cardiff, despite Grangetown having only 5.6% of Cardiff's population.
Grangetown was the location of the first Welsh-medium primary school class in Cardiff and the former county of Glamorgan. This class opened in 1949 with 8 pupils in what is now Ninian Park Primary School, an event commemorated by a plaque in the school's foyer. A Welsh-medium primary school, Ysgol Tan-yr-eos, was opened on the same site in 2006. This school was closed in 2013 and children in Welsh-medium education will be schooled in either Ysgol Gymraeg Pwll Coch or Ysgol Gymraeg Treganna, both in Canton. Plans for a new Welsh-medium school in Grangetown were withdrawn by Cardiff Council in July 2013.
Amenities
Tramshed
A Cardiff music and entertainment venue that opened in October 2015. The Tramshed is housed in a converted tram depot, dating from 1902 and Grade II listed. The music venue has a capacity of 1000 people.
Library
The Grangetown Library opened in 2007 on Havelock Place. This has since been renovated and turned into The Hub (Yr Hyb in Welsh), this essentially provides the same services as the library but also allows residents of the area access to more council services.
Leisure centres
The Channel View Leisure Centre can be found in the south of Grangetown off Avondale Road. Its facilities include a gym, bookable sports halls, an outdoor astro pitch, an internet cafe and a climbing wall.
The Cardiff International Sports Village is located in the far south of the area, on the south side of the junction with the A 4232 and features the Cardiff International Pool and Cardiff Arena.
Parks and gardens
Four public parks are in the district: Grange Gardens, Sevenoaks Park, the Marl and Grangemoor Park. Grangemoor Park was created on top of a rubbish tip and opened in 2000. In February 2018 the second stage of a National Lottery Community Fund bid was successful and the project received £1,072,692 to rebuild Grange Pavilion in Grange Gardens. This work was completed in 2020. Grange Gardens is listed at Grade II on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.
Public houses and clubs
There are two public houses in the district, The Cornwall and The Grange, and a number of licensed social clubs.
Shopping
The district has three post offices. A reasonable number of small local shops are centred on Penarth Road and Corporation Road. In addition, the Cardiff Bay Retail Park is home to a number of superstores.
Education
Grangetown Nursery is a nursery school for children aged around 3. It is located in Avondale Road.
Grangetown Primary School is an old Victorian school, built in 1884.
St Patrick's School is a Roman Catholic primary school with around 250 pupils and 13 teachers.
Ninian Park School has over 400 pupils and 25 teachers. It was built in 1899–1900, at which time it was the most expensive board school in Cardiff.
St Paul's School is a Church in Wales primary school
Festivals and events
Grangetown Festival take place for a week in June each year. It began in 1978 and is organised by Grangetown Community Action. The festival culminates in a parade through the streets, ending in Grange Gardens where a carnival takes place.
The 'Roxe Jam' hip-hop and graffiti festival takes place annually in Sevenoaks Park, Grangetown, on the last weekend of July. The first festival was in July 2008. The event was set up in memory of a young graffiti writer, Bill Lockwood aka Roxe, who was killed in a road accident. The main highlight of the event is the legal painting of a 140 m long wall which runs parallel to the Cardiff to Penarth railway line. The festival last took place in 2012.
Sport and leisure
Baseball
Grangetown was the home of Grange Albion and Grange Catholics, two of British baseball's most successful teams. Both played their home games at Sevenoaks Park. Grange Albion celebrated its centenary in 2007 but both clubs' teams were discontinued due to lack of players, with the Welsh Baseball League suspended in the summer of 2018 with only three teams left to compete.
Cricket
Bay Dragons Cricket Club is based in Grangetown and play in South East Wales Cricket League.
Football
Grange Albion F.C. play at Coronation Park and are a member of the South Wales Alliance League.
Notable people
John Davies, historian, lived in Grangetown in the 1960s and later between 2000 and his death in 2015.
Edgar Phillips, Welsh-language poet and Archdruid of Wales, educated at Ninian Park School
Elfyn Lewis, award-winning artist, lives in Grangetown.
John Pugsley Cardiff City FC & Wales national football player, born in Grangetown
Maureen Rees, British reality TV personality
Mark Ring – Wales Rugby Union. Grange Albion & Wales Baseball International
Dai Westacott – Wales Rugby Union International, born in Grangetown
Frank Whitcombe – Bradford Northern, Wales & Great Britain national rugby league team International.
George Whitcombe – Grange Albion & Wales Baseball Captain, Cardiff City Footballer.
Terry Yorath – Cardiff City FC & Wales national football player and Manager
Peter Wingfield - Actor
Transport
Grangetown railway station is located on the Vale of Glamorgan Line from Cardiff Central to Bridgend via Barry, Rhoose Cardiff International Airport and Llantwit Major, with branch lines serving Penarth and Barry Island.
Cardiff Bus operates the following services in the area:
1 City Circle towards Canton
2 City Circle towards Cardiff Bay
8 (Central Stn-Roath-Heath-University Hospital Wales) or (Cardiff Bay)
9/9A (Central Stn-Roath-Heath-University Hospital Wales) or (Cardiff International Sports Village) / (Channel View)
92 from Penarth Road (Penarth)
93/94 from Penarth Road (Penarth-Barry)
Penarth Road (A4160) is the main road running through the area northeastbound to Cardiff city centre and southwest bound to Llandough, Dinas Powys, Penarth and Barry. The Ferry Road Interchange on the Grangetown Link Road (A4232) links to the M4 J33 (Cardiff West).
TV and Film
The parish church of St Paul, Paget Street, was used as the location for the BBC's Doctor Who series episode Father's Day. In the story, the church is attacked by monsters called 'Reapers' while a wedding is about to commence. Filming took place on location in November 2004.
Recent changes
North Grangetown Renewal Area (2005-2013) saw 500 homes refurbished in a rolling block programme with new roofs, windows and rendering. The £9m project run by Cardiff Council with Welsh Government funding was supposed to cover 858 homes over 10 years but was curtailed due to capital funding cutbacks. There were also delays due to weather and tendering and latter work was scaled back, much to local disappointment. Improvements included planting of trees and the creation of a new public open space, Gerddi Courtmead Gardens, parallel to Hereford Street.
Cardiff University's Community Gateway scheme supports projects in Grangetown. Projects have included a youth forum, a local business/shop local project and the renovation of supporting of an old bowls pavilion at Grange Gardens.
Location within Cardiff
See also
Listed buildings in Grangetown, Cardiff
Cardiff Mail Centre
References
External links
Grangetown Community Website
Grangetown History
Grangetown World War project and online memorial
2001 Census key statistics
blitzandblight.com / Grangetown
Communities in Cardiff
Populated places established in the 19th century
Registered historic parks and gardens in Cardiff | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grangetown%2C%20Cardiff |
Ravensworth is a village and civil parish in the Holmedale valley, within the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England. It is approximately north-west of Richmond and from Darlington. The parish has a population of 255, according to the 2011 census.
Ravensworth was historically situated in the North Riding of Yorkshire, but has been a part of North Yorkshire since 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act of 1972. The village has ancient origins, dating back to the time of Viking settlements. In it are the remains of the 14th century, Grade-1-listed Ravensworth Castle, the ancestral home of the FitzHugh family. After the FitzHugh line came to an end, the castle was abandoned. Beginning in the mid-16th century, it began to be dismantled, but the gatehouse remains almost wholly intact. There are a number of listed buildings situated around the village green, mostly dating from the eighteenth century. Many of them were constructed using raw materials from the castle.
Today, Ravensworth is primarily a commuter village, and the historically important agricultural sector now employs only a small number of people. Historically, stone mining was important to the local economy. Although it died out in the twentieth century, a sandstone quarry was recently opened just outside the village.
Today, the village has a primary school, a public house and a large village green. The Methodist chapel closed in 2019.
Ravensworth is most frequently mentioned in the media as the home of the former international cricketer Ian Botham. The village is also known regionally for the Ravensworth Nurseries horticultural business.
History
Etymology
The name of the village derives from the given name of Hrafn, the founder of the settlement. Originally called Ravenswath, "wath" was the Old Norse word meaning "ford" and would suggest that the Holme Beck that passes through the village was forded in Viking times. Hrafn was a Norse word meaning "raven", so the village was literally the ford of Raven. Its name and spelling has varied over the years: in the 11th century it was Raveneswet, Rasueswaht in the 12th century, Raveneswade in 1201, Ravenswath from the 13th to 16th centuries, and afterwards beginning to settle on Ravensworth.
Early settlement
The earliest archaeological find in the Ravensworth area is a coin from the early Roman period. There has also been a number of finds from the Anglo Saxon era.
The Lord of the Manor in 1066 was Thorfin, who also held the manor of Didderston. The Lord of the Manor owned the surrounding demesnes, and the villagers were tenants of his land. The village is documented in the Domesday Book of 1086 as having 21 households, which was then quite large for a settlement. There was also a church and a priest. By this time, Alan Rufus had allocated the lands to his relative Bodin of Middleham. Bodin later relinquished his lands in order to become a monk, and the estate was passed to his brother, Bardolph, from whom the FitzHugh line is descended. Bardolph's son, Akarius Fitz Bardolph, donated lands for a monastery which were later to become Jervaulx Abbey.
A fortress was built during the reign of Henry II as the ancestral home of the Fitzhugh family, who purchased the land from the nuns of Marrick Priory. The fortress would have offered protection to the local population during Scottish raids from north of the border. King John was entertained there in 1201. The Fitzhughs were appointed barons on 15 May 1321. Ralph de Greystoke, 3rd Baron Greystoke, was born in the castle, home of his uncle Henry, Lord Fitzhugh, on 18 October 1353. Henry FitzHugh, 3rd Baron FitzHugh was appointed Lord Chamberlain of the Household by Henry V. Henry Fitzhugh built the now Grade I listed Ravensworth Castle in 1391 on the site of a previous fortress from the 11th century, and also received licence to enclose 200 acres of land around the castle to make a park. Robert FitzHugh became Bishop of London in 1431. After the end of the Fitzhugh male line in 1513, ownership of the castle and estate was passed through the female line to Sir Thomas Parr. Following his death, it passed to his son, a minor, William Parr, 1st Marquess of Northampton by which time it was ruined, largely as a result of being quarried for local building materials. It passed to the Crown Estate in 1571 after Parr died without issue. The castle began to be pulled down in the middle of the 16th century, shortly after the visitation by the antiquarian John Leland, however almost the entirety of the gatehouse remains intact. In 1629 the estate was conferred from the Crown to Edward Ditchfield. In 1633 it was sold to the Robinson family, who later sold it to Sir Thomas Wharton in 1676. It then passed to Wharton's son Hon Philip Wharton, before passing through his in-laws to Robert Byerley of Goldsborough Hall. By 1779 the estate belonged to the Legard Baronets.
Ancient parish
Ravensworth was historically the largest settlement in the ancient parish of Kirkby Ravensworth. The ancient parish encompassed an area of 15,000 acres, including Ravensworth itself, as well as the townships of Dalton, Gayles, Kirby Hill (or Kirby-on-the-Hill), New Forest, Newsham and Whashton. All of these places became separate civil parishes in 1866.
The parish church since 1397 has been the Church of St Peter & St Felix in Kirby Hill, situated about one mile (1.6 km) from Ravensworth; it is believed to have been built on the site of a much earlier Saxon church. The cleric and historian John Dakyn was rector of the parish from 1554 until his death four years later. In 1556 he established the Kirby Ravensworth Free Grammar School (free from external control rather than free at the point of use) and an almshouse, and his benefaction continues to fund charitable causes for the parishioners.
Village history
The anchoress Margaret Kirkby was born in the village, possibly in 1322.
John Leland, and many others since, have described Ravensworth as a "pretty" village. There were a number of skirmishes in the area during the Civil War, and the region was a Royalist stronghold. As with many English villages, much of the housing stock consists of Grade II listed buildings, dating from the mid to late 17th century onwards. The poet Cuthbert Shaw was born in the village in 1738–9. The astronomer William Lax was born in the village in 1761, producing A Method of finding the latitude by means of two altitudes of the sun there in 1799. There were Inclosure Acts passed for the common fields in 1772–3 and 1776–7. In 1773, Samuel Hieronymus Grimm made several sketches around the village. The publisher Effingham Wilson was born in the village in 1785. In 1793, a gold penny dating from around 1257 during the reign of Henry III, was found in a field in Ravensworth; at the time it was one of only two known to exist, and as of 2011 only eight are known to exist.
Nineteenth century
Walter Scott referenced the village in "Rokeby" (1813), an epic poem set in the area. The artist J. M. W. Turner made several sketches of the castle on 13 July 1816. The Wesleyan chapel was built in 1822. From 1834, the parish was placed within the Poor Law Union of Richmond. A national school was built in 1841. The blacksmith's shop has been situated at the same site since 1841. In 1843 the parish was described as being almost entirely agricultural. The Bay Horse Inn public house dates as far back as at least 1857 (it claims a date of 1725), and its stone door case is 17th century or earlier, almost certainly built using material from the castle. In 1859 "good freestone" was being quarried in the village, although a short-lived copper mine had been discontinued; the father of Christopher Cradock was lord of the manor, and the village was described as "exceedingly neat". According to the 1881 and 1891 Censuses, agriculture and mining were the main industries. In the late nineteenth century, Speight noted the great longevity of many of the parishioners, owing to the space and pure air.
Twentieth century
The parish lost 23 men in the First World War and 5 in the Second World War. The roll of honour is held in the parish church. John Scott Bainbridge is additionally remembered in the First World War memorial at Barnard Castle School (then the North Eastern County School).
The Kirby Hill grammar school closed in 1957, having operated for almost 400 years. The school educated the Archbishop of Canterbury Matthew Hutton and the antiquarian James Raine as well as the aforementioned Shaw and Lax. In 1967 the new primary school building was opened. In 1974, the village became a component of North Yorkshire, having previously been situated in the North Riding of Yorkshire. The village's 15th century cruck house was dismantled in the late 1970s and reconstructed at the Richmondshire Museum. The land on which it stood was used to build the Mill Close housing estate in 1977. The former school premises became a village hall in 1987. The Post Office closed down in the mid-1990s.
The former England cricketer Ian Botham has lived in the village since 1990, and in 2020 became Lord Botham of Ravensworth. His 17th century farmhouse situated on a 30-acre estate is his "most treasured possession" and Botham has commented that, "we like our Yorkshire home too much ever to leave it". Local and national media refer to him ironically as "The Squire of Ravensworth". He regularly hosts the England cricket team at his home. His son Liam Botham has a house in the farmhouse grounds.
Governance
Ravensworth is now in the local government district of Richmondshire, within the county of North Yorkshire. Current Prime Minister Rishi Sunak, who represents the Richmond (Yorks) UK Parliamentary constituency, is the MP. In the Anglican church it is within the deanery of Richmond, the archdeaconry of Richmond and the diocese of Ripon and Leeds.
Geography
The village is situated from London. It is from the county town of Northallerton. The closest settlements are Kirby Hill, Dalton and Gayles. Other local villages are Newsham, East Layton, West Layton, Gilling West and Hartforth.
Ravensworth is 119 metres above sea level. The village is situated on a slight knoll to the south of the Holme Beck (sometimes known in the past as Ravensworth Beck or Gilling Beck), a minor tributary of the River Swale in an area known as the Holme valley or Holmedale. The valley was created by the Teesdale glacier during the last ice age. According to The Independent the village is "good walking country...surrounded by open countryside overlooked by hills and moorland." Holme Beck attracts kingfishers, dippers and grey herons. The marshland around the castle is home to moorhens, coots, Eurasian oystercatchers, Eurasian curlews and wintering duck such as teal and goldeneye. The ruins attract mallards, snipe and tawny owls.
The soil is loam and the subsoil is Yoredale Series. Most of the land around the village is arable farmland, although livestock such as horses are also reared, and sheep graze on the more rugged sides of the valley. Crops grown include wheat, barley and oil seed rape. The houses are generally built of sandstone and have distinctive "Yorkshire" roofs, a mix of soft red pantiles and slate. The village is described as "picturesque". The old Roman road of Dere Street formerly skirted the north-eastern outskirts of the parish and provides much of the northern boundary of the parish.
Usually the Pennines protect the North-East from rainfall, which tends to come from the west. Weather data is collected on a minute by minute basis by a Met Office weather station at Ravensworth Nurseries. On 2 December 2010, a temperature of -20.0 degrees Celsius was reported for Ravensworth by the Met Office; this was the first time -20.0 had been recorded in England since January 1987. In September 2012, Ravensworth made national news when MeteoGroup reported that the village had received the largest amount of rainfall in the country, 130.8 mm, (5.16 inches) between 1 am on the 23rd and 8 am on the 25th, which was thrice the average total for the month.
Demography
Approximately 20 per cent of the villagers are of pensioner age, 20 per cent are under 18 and the remaining 60 per cent are of working age. The majority of villagers are commuters, with only around 20 people employed within the village itself, mostly in agriculture. Many people commute to the local market towns of Richmond, Barnard Castle, Northallerton and Darlington, but some travel further afield to the larger conurbations of Tyneside, Teesside and Leeds. Property prices in the ward are higher than the average for England. There were no recorded crimes in the village in 2009–2010; this is representative of almost every year. The average weekly household income for the ward is £600, higher than the Yorkshire and the Humber average. There are 10 people claiming Jobseeker's Allowance. The population is at the same level as it was in 1850; although the housing stock has expanded, the average number of residents per house has decreased.
Economy
Ravensworth Nurseries (trading as "Bradbrook & Hannah") was one of Yorkshire's most successful horticultural businesses. Founded in 1966, it supplied garden centres and retailers across the United Kingdom as well as its own on-site sales. The world's largest hanging basket was established onsite in 1996. The basket weighed five tons, was 23 feet across and 9 feet high and contained 1,000 plants of 100 different varieties. By 2006, the business had a £1.8 million annual turnover, six acres of glasshouses and employed around 35 people.. Ravensworth Nurseries closed in 2023.
Amenities
Ravensworth contains a Church of England primary school which had 68 pupils in 2010, a village hall, a Methodist chapel (which closed in 2019) and a public house, described as "cosy". The village has a public house called The Bay Horse Inn. A Church of England church situated at Kirby Hill, a large garden centre, a local farm shop, a 5-acre caravan park and a further three public houses are all within an approximately one mile radius, although only The Bay Horse Inn is situated in the village proper. The "broad [and] pleasant" village green is substantial, at 17 acres, and most of the one hundred or so dwellings in the village are situated around it. The green hosts the stone base of a 15th-century cross or obelisk. There was previously village quoits club that operated during the summer, however this is currently in abeyance. The area falls within the television reception area of ITV Tyne Tees. Newspaper coverage is provided by the Darlington-based Northern Echo, which has a North Yorkshire edition, and The Teesdale Mercury based in Barnard Castle. Water is supplied by Yorkshire Water. The water is the area is classified as hard, owing to the large amount of limestone in the area, and derives from a spring/borehole source. The village is within the boundaries of the annual fox hunting event, the Zetland Hunt.
Transport
Ravensworth is situated near to the A66 and is 5 miles from the Scotch Corner junction on the A1(M) motorway. Its nearest railway station is Darlington railway station, away. Bus services which operate throughout the day connect the village to the nearby towns of Richmond and Barnard Castle. The village is situated close to the Yorkshire Dales national park, and is also only one hour from the North York Moors and the Lake District national parks. Newcastle and York are one hour's drive away, and Leeds is just over one hour away. A bus service runs between Barnard Castle and Richmond (and vice versa) and runs several times a day on weekdays; it is operated by Hodgson's Buses of Barnard Castle.
References
External links
Ravensworth village website
Ravensworth families recorded in the 1861 and 1891 censuses
The Northern Echo's profile of the village
Villages in North Yorkshire
Civil parishes in North Yorkshire
Richmondshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravensworth |
The Buenos Aires Carnival ( or Corso de Buenos Aires) is an annual event that takes place during the Carnival festivities, usually at the end of February, on the streets of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The two-day event features murga parades, colourful costumes, water bombs and many other amusement activities.
During the 20th century, the Carnavales at Avenida de Mayo (de Mayo Avenue) were very popular, but they were discontinued first during the military government of the 1970s, and then during the 1990s. Mayor Aníbal Ibarra promoted the comeback of carnival (mainly into the barrios) in the mid-2000s, and the Avenida de Mayo show returned in 2006.
Starting in 2012, Carnival dates are considered public holidays.
External links
Murga: The Unknown Buenos Aires Carnival
Buenos Aires
Carnival
Festivals in Buenos Aires
Summer events in Argentina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos%20Aires%20Carnival |
Luhanskteplovoz ( or Luhansk Locomotive Works), earlier known as Voroshilovgrad Locomotive Works is a large industrial company in Luhansk, Ukraine, manufacturing locomotives, multiple unit trains (both electric and diesel) as well as other heavy equipment. Due to the war in Donbas it has not been operating since March 2015. According to media reports, by late 2015 the works were looted and completely inoperational.
The company was founded in 1896 as Russische Maschinenbaugesellschaft Hartmann in Lugansk (Russian Engineering Company Hartmann in Luhansk) and renamed October Revolution Locomotive Factory in November 1922.
In the second half of the twentieth century the plant produced thousands of the well known 'M62 locomotive' and DR Class 130 (TE109) ("ludmillas") diesel electric locomotives for eastern European Soviet Bloc countries.
History
1896 to 1995
The plant was founded in 1896 by , the first locomotive being produced in 1900; by 1906 the factory's output was comparable to the two major locomotive production centres in Russia at that time : the Bryansk works and the Putilov works. Between 1928 and 1933 the works was expanded and production of the powerful 2-10-2 locomotives of the FD class (ФД) and 2-8-4 configuration IS class (ИС) began.
During the second world war work switched to military production, the plant being evacuated twice in the course of the war. By 1945 locomotive production has resumed with (CO)
In 1956 steam locomotive production ceased; over 12,000 steam locomotives having been produced, and the plant was converted to the production of locomotives powered by diesel engines by 1957
Initially diesel machines using hydraulic transmissions , , , (ТГ100, ТГ102, ТГ105, ТГ106) were produced, though eventually electrical (DC) transmissions became the norm on Russian railways, such as mainline locomotive type (2ТЭ10Л) and its variants, which started production at Luhansk in 1962, eventually more than 12,000 units had been produced. In 1965 the first M62 locomotive was produced at the plant.
In 1967 the TE109 (ТЭ109) locomotive was created; using an AC/DC electrical transmission, which formed the basis for a successful series of locomotives, better known in western Europe by the standard gauge (1435mm) version : DR Class 130 and variants. Later products included the high powered TE121 (2ТЭ121) and variants introduced 1977, and working experiments in AC traction TE120 and 2TE127 (ТЭ120 and 2ТЭ127), and liquified gas powered locos 2TE10G and 2TE116G (2ТЭ10Г and 2ТЭ116Г) - the latter based on the 2TE116 diesel.
In the late 1970s the plant was expanded and a record of over 100 locomotive units produced per month was achieved in the 1980s. Later in the 1990s mining machinery and urban transit rolling stock became part of the factories portfolio. With the breakup of the Soviet union the plant became the property of the Ukrainian state and in 1995 the state holding company Luhanskteplovoz was created.
1990's
Since 1997 the plants has started production of diesel multiple units such as DAL-01 (ДЕЛ-01), DEL-02 (ДЭЛ-02), push-pull trainsets DPL1 (ДПЛ1) and DPL2 (ДПЛ1) for diesel locomotives, electric multiple units EPL2T (ЕПЛ2Т) and EPL9T (ЕПЛ9Т) as well as passenger diesel locomotive TE114I (ТЕ114І) (designed for desert conditions).
In the 90's, the factory started producing trams. None of its models were widely successful, with 4 LT-5 built for Moscow and none in service, around 20 LT-10 trams in various cities. The unused serial numbers likely represent incomplete bodies. However, the plant is notable for building the first low-floor tram car in Ukraine, the LT-10A.
2009 privatisation
After becoming part of state owned property following Ukrainian independence the process of privatising the company put under consideration in 2005, in 2006 potential shareholders were OJSC Demikhovsky Machine-Building Plant, DniproVagonMash, OJSC Marganets Ore Mining and Processing Enterprise, CJSC Management company Bryansk Machine-Building Plant. Of the bidders only two: Bryansk Machine-Building Plant and Demikhovo Machinebuilding Plant were selected as suitable; both being part of the Transmashholding group of companies. The successful buyer was Bryansk machine building plant, offering ₴292.5 million ($58 million) for a 76% stake; this was only 0.5 million more than the bidding auction starting price. Analysts at the time valued the asset at $200 million.
The then president Viktor Yushchenko believed that the Ukrainian people had been defrauded, with the business being sold for a fraction of its true worth. The then prime minister Yulia Tymoshenko also called for a review of the privatisation of Luhanskteplovoz along with two other enterprises Dniproenergo and Nikopol Ferroalloy Plant and BYuT MPs petitioned the Prosecutor General's Office for criminal proceedings to take place concerning alleged criminal activity by the heads of the State Property Fund.
The sale was ruled illegal in 2008. From uncertainty over the eventual status of Luhansteplovoz is said to have prevented the then owners Transmashholding from making further investments in the plant. Since the ruling the decision has been challenged by the State Property fund.
It was expected that the company would be attempted to be re-privatised included in the 2008 privatisation scheme, but instead the auction process started March 2010. Again analysts stated the starting price set by the Ukrainian government was once again surprisingly low at $50 million; while the company's stock market value was estimated at $127 million.
End of works
After the outbreak of the Russo-Ukrainian War and the capture of Luhansk by the Luhansk People's Republic, Luhanskteplovoz was re-registered in the city of Sievierodonetsk.
Due to the war in Donbas it became difficult to deliver components from Germany and the United States to the Luhansk plant by February 2015. Hence in March 2015 the plant stopped working. According to media reports, by late 2015 it was looted and completely inoperational. According to the Luhansk People's Republic representatives the looters had used fake contracts to carry out the illegal dismantling and removal of plant equipment. According to the Russian REGNUM News Agency Luhanskteplovoz owners, the Russian company Transmashholding, stopped production in 2016. Although it had overcome delivery problems because Luhanskteplovoz had become "completely unified with a similar plant in Bryansk". REGNUM claims production was halted in 2016 because Transmashholding was afraid international sanctions (in place since 2014 in response to the escalating War in Donbas) could jeopardize its cooperation with Siemens.
Gallery
See also
Lugcentrokuz
References and notes
Notes
References and sources
External links
Official site luganskteplovoz.com
Delisted 2019 Ukrainian Exchange
Power structure Luhanskteplovoz
Locomotive manufacturers of Ukraine
Manufacturing companies of the Soviet Union
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1896
Ukrainian brands
Transmashholding
Ministry of Heavy and Transport Machine-Building (Soviet Union)
1896 establishments in the Russian Empire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhanskteplovoz |
Honório Pereira Barreto (April 24, 1813– April 16 or 26, 1859) was a governor of the Portuguese colony of Guinea (or ‘province’ as it was referred to during the time of his administration).
Biography
Honório Barreto was born in Portuguese Guinea of a Guinean mother and Cape Verdean father João Pereira Barreto, Jr., he was educated in Lisbon. He maintained Portuguese control of the area and even extended its influence. Prior to the independence of Guinea-Bissau, Barreto was cited by the Portuguese as the most famous governor and an example of what the local population might achieve. He was captain major (governor) of Cacheu for three terms, the first was between March 30, 1834 to 1835, the second between 1846 and 1848 and the third in 1852. However, Barreto also ran a family business with his mother from the settlement of Cacheu, where the principal products of their mercantile dealings were slaves. He was also captain major (governor) of Bissau as 27th Captain Major between 13 March 1837 and 27 June 1839, the 54th between 1840 and 1841, the 56th in 1853 and 1854 and the 59th from 19 April 1858 up to his death on 16 or 26 April 1859.
He died at Fortaleza de São José da Amura in Bissau at 8:30 AM on either 16 or 26 April 1859 when he was in service.
Honours
He was featured in a $500 and $1000 Guinea-Bissau escudo.
A corvette of the Portuguese Navy was named after him. Also a small street (as a largo) is named after him in the neighborhood of Beato, Lisbon.
See also
List of Captains-Major of Bissau
List of Captains-Major of Cacheu
Notes
References
External links
Rosa de Carvalho Alvarenga and Honório Pereira Barreto at adbissau.org
Barretto, Honorio Pereira
Barretto, Honorio Pereira
Cape Verdean politicians
Barreto, Honorio Pereira
Portuguese people of Cape Verdean descent
Governors of Portuguese Guinea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hon%C3%B3rio%20Barreto |
The European Air Group (EAG) is an independent defence organisation, formed by the Air Forces of its seven member states: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. The EAG is focused on improving interoperability between the air forces of EAG and partner states.
History
The origins of the EAG extend back to the 1991 Gulf War, during which the United Kingdom's Royal Air Force (RAF) and France's Armée de l’Air (French Air Force or FAF) worked closely together on a range of operations. Subsequently, the two Air Forces collaborated again, this time on missions in support of United Nations forces in the former Yugoslavia and in operations over Bosnia-Herzegovina.
As a result of these experiences, both France and the UK realised that to improve their level of interoperability, a new organization was needed that would provide focus and momentum. Consequently, the intention to form the Franco-British European Air Group (FBEAG) was announced at the Chartres Summit in 1994 and the FBEAG was formally inaugurated at a joint ceremony involving French President Jacques Chirac and British Prime Minister John Major the following year. From the start, the word ‘European’ was included in the organisation's title, to enable other potential members to join the initiative.
As the FBEAG evolved, it was decided that other states would be invited to become ‘correspondent’ members, which became the catalyst for a more permanent arrangement. Italy became the first new state to apply for membership, soon to be followed by others, and on 1 January 1998, the name of the FBEAG was changed to ‘the European Air Group’ (EAG). Shortly afterwards, the new Headquarters Building was formally opened at RAF High Wycombe in June 1998 by the UK Secretary of State for Defence, the Right Honourable George Robertson MP, who the following year became the Secretary General of NATO.
The new EAG was formally endorsed by the Ministers of France and the UK, Alain Richard and George Robertson, who jointly signed the Inter-Governmental Agreement on 6 July 1998. This date marks the formal start point of the EAG, which rapidly expanded under an Amending Protocol signed on 16 June 1999 to allow the accession of new members and reach its current composition of seven member states: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom.
Organisation
The EAG is governed by the EAG Steering Group (SG), composed of the Chiefs of the Air Staff from each of the seven nations. They convene once a year to provide high-level direction and guidance on all matters relating to the EAG.
A permanent staff of 30 personnel – 24 officers and 6 non-commissioned officers – is established at RAF High Wycombe, United Kingdom. They are responsible for the execution and coordination of EAG activities in pursuit of the organisation's objectives.
The EAG is headed by the Director EAG (DEAG), the Chief of the Air Staff of one of the EAG members. As he normally resides in his national headquarters, the EAG PS operates under the direction and guidance of the Deputy Director EAG (DDEAG), a "one star" Air-Officer who is appointed as the senior permanent post on the EAG PS at High Wycombe.
The EAG PS is managed by the Chief of Staff (COS) EAG, who supports the DDEAG by translating policies, directives and initiatives into detailed EAG staff projects, tasks and activities.
Members
France (1995)
United Kingdom (1995)
Italy (2000)
Netherlands (2001)
Germany (2001)
Spain (2002)
Belgium (2004)
Partner states
Norway
Sweden
Associate states
Canada
Poland
United States
Australia
See also
European Air Transport Command
European Personnel Recovery Centre
References
Aviation authorities
Organizations established in 1997
Organisations based in Buckinghamshire
European Air Group
Military aviation in Europe | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Air%20Group |
Padrón () is a concello (Galician for municipality) in the Province of A Coruña, in Galicia (Spain) within the comarca of O Sar. It covers an area of 48.4 km², is 95 km from A Coruña and 23km from Santiago de Compostela. , had a population of 8968 according to the INE.
Padrón is divided into five parishes:
(San Pedro de) Carcacía
(Santa María de) Cruces
(Santa María de) Herbón
(Santa María de) Iria Flavia (or Iría Flavia)
(Santiago de) Padrón
History and etymology
Iria Flavia was a Celtic settlement, capital the Capori, located in the confluence of rivers Sar and Ulla, and on the crossroads to Braga (Portugal) and Astorga (León). It became Iria Flavia under Titus Flavius Vespasianus, and it was the Episcopal See during the Middle Ages until Alfonso II of Asturias moved it to Compostela after the foundation of Santiago's sepulchre. In modern days, the town is the last stop on the Portuguese Way path of the Camino de Santiago.
When the name "Padrón" became more popular, "Iria Flavia" was consigned to a small hamlet (the current parish).
According to tradition, it was in Iria Flavia that Apostle Saint James first preached during his stay in Hispania. Soon after his death that his disciples Theodore and Athanasius brought his head and his body to Iria from Jerusalem in a stone boat. They moored the boat to a pedrón (Galician for big stone), hence the new toponym given to the place. The two disciples remained in Iria Flavia (now Padrón) to preach after burying the Apostle in Compostela, and the legendary pedrón can be seen today at the parish church of Santiago de Padrón.
Padrón soon became a popular passing place in the Camino de Santiago pilgrimage route and suffered several attacks in the 10th and 11th centuries by both Vikings and Normans. The invasion attempts decreased after the Torres del Oeste (West Towers) were built as protection in Catoira (Pontevedra) by Bishop Cresconio. This led to a great period of prosperity during the 12th and 13th centuries.
During this period and under Archbishop Diego Gelmírez (born in the West Towers) a quay was built by the Sar river bank. From its shipyard came the first galleys of the Galician Navy.
In the 15th century, Archbishop Rodrigo de Luna moved Santiago de Compostela's Town Council to Padrón for two years, to fend off the influence of the Counts of Altamira. His sepulcher with a reclining sculpture can be found at the Iria Flavia parish church.
The focus of attention gradually moved to nearby Compostela, capital of Galicia.
Economy
The economy is based mainly on fishing and agriculture (peppers, kiwis, flowers are grown), and to a lesser extent on other industries (wood, tanned hide, aluminum), tourism and trade, due to its location at a crossroads.
Demography
From:INE Archiv
Food
The most famous produce of Padrón are its peppers (Galician pementos de Padrón), which are small green peppers from the Capsicum annuum family. They are served fried with olive oil and coarse salt. Most taste sweet and mild, though some are particularly hot and spicy, which gives its character to the dish and is perfectly captured in the popular "Os pementos de Padrón, uns pican e outros non" (Galician for "Padrón peppers, some are hot and some are not"). The level of heat varies according to the capsaicin of each pepper. Although it's not always the case, the peppers grown towards August/September tend to contain more capsaicin than the ones of June/July.
About 15,000 kg of peppers are grown in Padrón each year (mostly in the valley of the parish of Herbón) between June and September. In 1979 the first Festa do Pemento de Padrón was organized in Herbón, a popular gastronomic event that has been held every year since, the first Sunday in August. The festa takes place in the carballeira of Herbón's Franciscan friary, since it was the Franciscan friars who brought the first pepper seeds from Mexico in the 16th century, which then were adapted to the soil, the Oceanic climate of the Valley and grown with special techniques.
Notable people
Padrón has been home to four important writers:
Macias the Lover (?-1434), medieval poet,
Juan Rodríguez de la Cámara (1390-1450), also known as Juan Rodríguez de Padrón, medieval writer, poet.
Rosalía de Castro (1837-1885), Romantic poet and pioneer of feminism.
Camilo José Cela (1916–2002), writer and Nobel Prize winner.
References
External links
Rosalía de Castro Museum and Foundation, in Padrón
Camilo José Cela Foundation, in Padrón
Municipalities in the Province of A Coruña | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padr%C3%B3n |
Marion Maddox is an Australian author, academic and political commentator. She is a professor in the department of Modern History, Politics and International Relations at Macquarie University. Maddox is a regular commentator on issues of religion and politics in the Australian media and is a member of the Uniting Church. She authored the book God Under Howard: The rise of the religious right in Australian politics which compared the Howard Government with the religious right in the United States and criticised the decline of mainstream Christianity in Australia.
Maddox achieved doctorates in theology and political philosophy from Flinders University and the University of New South Wales respectively. She is also the recipient of an Australian Parliamentary Fellowship.
Maddox has worked at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, the Universities of Adelaide and South Australia.
In 2002 the Australian Association for the Study of Religion (AASR) Women's Caucus invited Maddox to give the annual Penny Magee Memorial Lecture. The title of her lecture was All in the Family: Women, Religion and the Australian Right.
In November 2017 Maddox was elected fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities.
Selected bibliography
God Under Howard: The rise of the religious right in Australian politics,
Taking God to School: The end of Australia's egalitarian education?,
Australian Parliamentary Library
For God and Country: Religious Dynamics in Australian Federal Politics, Monograph 07, 2001–02
Indigenous Religion in Secular Australia, Research Paper 11, 1999–2000
Does a Preamble Need a God?, Research Paper 8, 1999–2000
References
External links
Dr Marion Maddox, Religious Studies programme, Victoria University of Wellington
Book review: God under Howard, The Age, 26 February 2005
Fading religion fanning fundamentalism, author finds report in the Sydney Morning Herald
Australian non-fiction writers
Academic staff of Macquarie University
Living people
Uniting Church in Australia people
Academic staff of Victoria University of Wellington
Year of birth missing (living people)
Flinders University alumni
University of New South Wales alumni
Academic staff of the University of South Australia
University of Adelaide alumni
Fellows of the Australian Academy of the Humanities | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion%20Maddox |
Nailsea and Backwell railway station, on the Bristol to Exeter line, is in the village of Backwell, close to the town of Nailsea in North Somerset, England. It is west of Bristol Temple Meads railway station, and from London Paddington. The station, opened in 1841 by the Bristol and Exeter Railway, has two platforms but little in the way of facilities. It is managed by Great Western Railway, the seventh company to be responsible for the station, and the third franchise since privatisation in 1997. The company provides all train services at the station, mainly hourly services between and , and between and .
Description
The station sits atop an embankment about high, and spans the main road between the towns of Backwell and Nailsea, which narrows to a signal-controlled single lane to go under the railway. The station is on the Bristol to Exeter line, from London Paddington and from . It the third station along the line from Bristol. Nailsea is a short distance to the north, while the outskirts of Backwell are right against the south side of the station. The two settlements are primarily residential, and are, for large proportions of their residents, dormitory towns for Bristol.
The station has two platforms, separated by two running lines. The line runs on a slight curve through the station, at an angle of roughly 067 degrees, and has a linespeed of . The northern platform, platform 2, is long and serves eastbound trains; the southern platform, platform 1, is and serves westbound trains. Access to the two platforms is by steps from the road on either side. There is a ramp to the eastbound platform, but it has a gradient greater than 1 in 12, and there is no ramp access to trains. There is no ramp access to the westbound platform. Access between the platforms is either by a footbridge, or by walking along the main road under the line. There are metal and glass waiting shelters on both platforms – three on the eastbound platform, one on the westbound. Two ticket machines are situated on the north side of the station, which can also be used to collect pre-bought tickets. These machines are supplemented by a small ticket kiosk on the eastbound platform which is open during the morning peak. "Next train" dot-matrix displays and an automated public-address system announce approaching services.
To the north of the station is a pay and display car park with 285 car parking spaces, six motorcycle spaces and a number of cycle racks. Cycle storage is also available. The car park is run by North Somerset Council. There is a bus stop adjacent to the car park, with services between Bristol and Nailsea.
Services
The station is managed by Great Western Railway, which also operates all rail services from the station. As of the May 2016 timetable, the basic service from Monday to Saturday consists of two trains in each direction per hour. One is the to service, calling at all stations; the second is the faster to service, non-stop between Bristol Temple Meads and Nailsea & Backwell. All trains call at , the next station westwards. A greater proportion of services continue beyond Weston-super-Mare in the evening, but fewer services continue to Cardiff. There is one evening service to via the Severn Beach Line. Sunday sees roughly one train per hour, with services again alternating between Bristol Parkway to Weston-super-Mare and Cardiff to Taunton, with two services to and from the Severn Beach Line: during summer months these terminate at ; the rest of the year only one does, the other terminating at Avonmouth. The typical journey time to Bristol Temple Meads is 11 minutes. The local services described above are formed using , , , and diesel multiple-unit trains.
Services between London Paddington and Weston-super-Mare call at Nailsea and Backwell in the early morning and evening, running non-stop between Bristol Temple Meads and Nailsea and Backwell, also stopping at Yatton, but not always at or . From Monday to Friday there are five morning services and one evening service to London, with seven services from London, all in the evening. Saturday sees three services to London, all in the morning, and four services from London, all in the evening. There are seven services to and six from London on Sundays, spread throughout the day. These intercity services are formed of Class 800s, which are longer than the station, so passengers in the front carriage have to move to a different carriage to get out. Passengers are prevented from getting out onto the tracks by a selective door-opening system. The typical journey time to London is roughly two hours.
In 2008, one morning northbound CrossCountry service would make a stop at Nailsea and Backwell to serve as a morning peak service, but this operation has ceased. CrossCountry services still pass through the station, but do not stop. Occasional Great Western Railway intercity services between London and Weston-super-Mare or Taunton and Exeter also pass through non-stop.
The station has adjacent bus stops, served by the First West of England number X7 bus between Bristol bus station, Nailsea and Clevedon, with an hourly service in each direction.
History
The first section of the Bristol and Exeter Railway's (B&ER) main line opened on 14 June 1841 between Bristol and . Opened as "Nailsea", it was for a while the first station on the line west of Bristol, the next being Clevedon Road (which was renamed in 1847). The line, engineered by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, was built as broad-gauge but it had been reconstructed as a mixed-gauge line to accommodate local -gauge traffic by 1 June 1875. Services were operated by the Great Western Railway (GWR) on behalf of the B&ER until 1 May 1849. The B&ER then took over its own workings until the company was amalgamated into the GWR on 1 January 1876. Broad-gauge trains ceased operation on 20 May 1892.
Due to its being built on an embankment, lightweight building materials were used for the station: the platforms originally rested on timber supports for most of their length. Station buildings, including a goods shed and a combined ticket office and waiting room, were built on the eastbound platform in the 1860s. There was a signal box on the eastbound platform by the 1880s which controlled a crossover between the two tracks; sidings at the west end of the station were controlled by a second signal box, and had a connection to the Nailsea Colliery. A footbridge, built by E. Finch and Co. of Chepstow, was erected in 1907; until then access between the two platforms was by a track-level crossing. This wooden footbridge was replaced by a metal one in the 1950s. The station was renamed "Nailsea and Backwell" on 1 May 1905.
When the railways were nationalised in 1948, the GWR became the Western Region of British Railways. Goods traffic from the station ceased on 1 June 1964. The main station buildings were demolished in the 1970s, but their foundations can still be seen behind the shelters on the eastbound platform. The shelter on the westbound platform was still present in 1986. In the 1980s the car park was expanded, and new metal and glass shelters were provided. The station reverted to the name "Nailsea" on 6 May 1974, and was still known by that name at the end of 1994.
British Rail was split into business-led sectors in the 1980s, at which time operations at Nailsea and Backwell passed to Regional Railways. Local services were franchised to Wales & West when the railway was privatised in 1997, which was in turn succeeded by Wessex Trains, an arm of National Express, in 2001. The Wessex franchise was amalgamated with the Great Western franchise into the Greater Western franchise from 2006, and responsibility passed to First Great Western, a subsidiary company of FirstGroup. The franchise was rebranded as Great Western Railway in 2015.
Extra seating was provided in 2006 following action by the Severnside Community Rail Partnership, and in 2008 overgrown foliage was cleared from the car park to improve sightlines and help with security. The station was repainted at the same time, and decorated with silhouettes of students from Backwell School. The embankment suffered subsidence in 2013.
In 2012, the station had a free car park with 120 spaces, but this was frequently full by 7:30am on weekdays, leading commuters to park on local roads, prompting complaints from Backwell residents. Plans to extend the car park by 200 spaces were drawn up in 2009, with North Somerset Council describing the scheme as "necessary", as the lack of spaces limited the number of people who could feasibly use the station for commuting due to Nailsea being too far from the station to be an easy walk, causing people to drive to the station. That peak passengers filled the car park then meant there are no spaces for offpeak users, limiting leisure travel. North Somerset Council approved the construction of the extension on 17 April 2012, and further approved the car park becoming pay and display - all car parks in Nailsea had previously been free. Work began in January 2014, and was completed in June the same year - 162 additional car parking spaces were created, drainage was improved and CCTV was installed. The scheme, which cost £700,000, came in £50,000 under budget and was paid for using money from the Local Transport Plan and Community Infrastructure Levy. Parking prices were raised in 2017 to equalise the cost with Yatton railway station, and thus dissuade people from driving from Yatton to Nailsea for cheaper parking.
There is no wheelchair access to the southbound platform; the ramp to the northbound platform is steeper than 1 in 12, making it unsuitable for wheelchair users, and there is a large height difference from the train doors to the platform. In 2011 the government announced a £37.5 million scheme to improve stations under an "Access For All Mid-Tier programme", of which £1,023,000 was to go towards building new ramps at Nailsea and Backwell. The works were due to start in 2013, but were delayed until 2014 due to a need to repair subsidence on the embankment and wait for works on the car park to be completed. However, due to the delays the funding was withdrawn. Further funding was secured in 2015, but plans for ramps were shelved entirely in 2016 due to fears of further subsidence. Great Western Railway have stated they are looking at installing lifts instead.
Future
Nailsea and Backwell is on the Weston-super-Mare/ corridor, one of the main axes of the Greater Bristol Metro, a rail transport plan which aims to enhance transport capacity in the Bristol area. The group Friends of Suburban Bristol Railways supports the electrification of the line through Nailsea & Backwell, as does MP for Weston-super-Mare John Penrose. Railfuture in the South West has called for the station to be used to serve Bristol Airport via a bus link.
The 2017 West of England Joint Spatial Plan suggested that facilities and access to the station be improved to create a multimodal interchange with the Bristol MetroBus scheme, a link to the A370 Long Ashton Bypass and potentially to the M5 motorway at Clevedon. Parking and accessibility improvements are also suggested.
Incidents
There have been several railway incidents in the Backwell area. On 20 September 2002, the 19:40 First Great Western service from to was delayed at Nailsea & Backwell at around 22:00 after the British Transport Police were called to deal with two men who assaulted a guard following an altercation about smoking in a non-smoking area. Several passengers were treated for the inhalation of CS gas. Another assault on a guard occurred on 9 October 2009, when three youths verbally abused and spat at the guard after boarding a train at without tickets and refusing to pay for them. A 17-year-old from Weston-super-Mare was due in court on 23 December 2009 in connection with the incident, having been identified by the use of DNA swab kits, which are available to all Great Western Railway staff. A more unusual incident occurred on 18 September 2013 when a cow escaped from a nearby field and found its way onto the tracks at the station, causing several hours of delays to services between Bristol and Exeter.
A serious incident occurred on 17 October 2004, when Wessex Trains Pacer DMU 143613, forming the 20:06 2W63 service from to with 143621, caught fire between the site of the former station at and Nailsea and Backwell. Fire services took two hours to get the blaze under control. None of the 23 passengers and crew were killed, but three were treated on-site for the effects of smoke inhalation. One carriage was completely burnt out, and the other was badly damaged, causing the train to be written off. The line through Nailsea was closed until 03:30 the following morning, when the train was hauled to St Philips Marsh Traction and Rolling Stock Maintenance Depot for examination. The unit was later taken to Crewe Works, where it was stored, then to Cardiff Canton TMD where it was scrapped. The Rail Safety and Standards Board issued a report into the incident, concluding that the fire was caused by electrical arcing between the live starter motor cable (which had damaged insulation) and the unit's underframe, causing accumulated oily residues to ignite.
On 8 January 2018, Andrew Tavener, a Nailsea resident, was struck by a train at the station, then arrested on suspicion of murdering his wife, Claire Tavener, earlier that day. He was taken to hospital with 'life changing' hand injuries. He was subsequently sentenced to life in prison for the murder.
The station creates a height and width restriction on the road below, which in 2020 led to a bus becoming wedged under the station. The road and railway were both closed while the bridge was structurally assessed. There have been several previous incidents of tall vehicles becoming stuck.
Notes
References
See also
Nailsea (Transport)
Railway stations in Somerset
Former Great Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1841
Railway stations served by Great Western Railway
DfT Category F2 stations
Nailsea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nailsea%20and%20Backwell%20railway%20station |
The Curtis Arboretum is a arboretum in Wyncote, Pennsylvania. The arboretum was founded by Mary Louise Curtis Bok in honor of her father, Cyrus Curtis.
The landscaping was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted. The arboretum is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Description
The arboretum surrounds Curtis Hall, once the ballroom of the Curtis family mansion, which now is operated by the Cheltenham Township Parks and Recreation Department. The arboretum features hills, two ponds, a dog park, a small World War II memorial, and over 50 types of trees.
Curtis Arboretum serves as the home course for the Cheltenham High School men's and women's cross country running teams.
See also
List of botanical gardens in the United States
References
External links
Friends of Curtis Arboretum
Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Arboreta in Pennsylvania
Dog parks in the United States
Parks in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
1937 establishments in Pennsylvania
Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania
Historic American Buildings Survey in Pennsylvania
Historic American Landscapes Survey in Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis%20Arboretum |
The Gir or Gyr is an Indian breed of zebuine cattle originating in the state of Gujarat. Other names include Bhodah, Desan, Gujarati, Kathiawari, Sorthi and Surti.
These cattle were exported to Brazil from the early twentieth century, and the Brazilian Gir numbers about five million head; selective breeding since the 1960s has led to the development of separate dairy (Gir Leiteiro) and beef strains.
History
It has been used locally in the improvement of other breeds including the Red Sindhi and the Sahiwal. It was also one of the breeds used in the development of the Brahman breed in North America. In Brazil and other South American countries the Gir is used frequently because, as a Bos indicus breed, it is resistant to hot temperatures and tropical diseases. It is well known for its milk producing qualities and is often bred with Friesian cows to make the Girolando breed.
Characteristics
The Gir is distinctive in appearance, typically having a rounded and domed forehead (being the only ultraconvex breed in the world), long pendulous ears and horns which spiral out and back. Gir are generally mottled with the colour ranging from red through yellow to white, black being the only unacceptable colour. They originated in west India in the state of Gujarat and have since spread to neighbouring Maharashtra and Rajasthan.
Cows average in weight and in height; bulls weigh on average, with a height of . At birth, calves weigh about .
In India in 2000 the Gir numbered about , or 37% of the 2.5 million cattle population of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat. In 2010 the population in Brazil was estimated at approximately five million.
Use
The average milk yield for the Gir in India is per lactation, with approximately fat.
References
Dairy cattle breeds
Cattle breeds originating in India
Animal husbandry in Gujarat | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyr%20cattle |
Whashton is a village and civil parish in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England.
History
The name is of an uncertain origin and could either be taken from a personal name (Hwaessa) or the farm/settlement at the sharp, pointed place (Hwaessing). The village (with an older spelling) is sometimes cited as the origin of the family name of George Washington, the first US President.
However, this origin is also claimed by the town of Washington near Newcastle upon Tyne, some north of Whashton.
The Hack & Spade public house was established by 1880.
Farming
The village is surrounded by farmland and has two main farms the Hagg which is down a track away from the main village. The farm caters for pig farming with a residential property on site (part of the Hartforth estate)
and another Whashton Farm set in the main village catering for cows.
Village
The village has a pub 'The Hack and Spade', however that is the only village amenity apart from a post box. The village is set on several walks around the surrounding Yorkshire hills. The local town is Richmond approximately away and the village is set only a few miles south of the A66.
References
External links
Whashton families recorded in the 1861 and 1891
Villages in North Yorkshire
Civil parishes in North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whashton |
Marco Bracci (born August 23, 1966, in Fucecchio, province of Florence) is a former Italian volleyball player, ranked amongst the world's most valuable players of the late 1980s and 1990s. A 197 cm athlete, Bracci played as passer-hitter.
Bracci made his debut for the Italian national team on May 6, 1988. He earned 344 caps for his native country, winning three Volleyball World Championships (1990, 1994 and 1998) and four Volleyball European Championships (1989, 1993, 1995 and 1999), plus numerous other titles. One of the most winning players of all-time in the Italian Championships, his club titles include six scudetti and four European Champions Cups.
Bracci played at four Olympic Games, winning a silver medal at the 1996 Games and a bronze medal at the 2000 Olympics.
Coaching
Bracci has worked as an assistant coach to Massimo Barbolini, the head coach of the Italian women's national volleyball team.
Clubs
References
External links
1966 births
Living people
People from Fucecchio
Italian men's volleyball players
Olympic volleyball players for Italy
Olympic silver medalists for Italy
Olympic bronze medalists for Italy
Volleyball players at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Volleyball players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Volleyball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Volleyball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in volleyball
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Competitors at the 1990 Goodwill Games
Goodwill Games medalists in volleyball
Competitors at the 1991 Mediterranean Games
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Italy
Mediterranean Games medalists in volleyball
Sportspeople from the Metropolitan City of Florence
20th-century Italian people
Italian volleyball coaches
Outside hitters
Knights of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco%20Bracci |
The Sony Ericsson K800i, and its variant, the Sony Ericsson K790, are mobile phone handsets manufactured by Sony Ericsson. Launched in July 2006 (for the K800i in the UK market; others may vary), the phones are the successor to the Sony Ericsson K750i, and are the first to be tagged with the Sony Cyber-shot branding. Both of the phones feature a 3.2-megapixel digital camera complete with a xenon flash, a protective lens cover, and a new "BestPic" bracketing feature. The new "BestPic" feature takes 9 full quality snapshots of a subject in quick succession, allowing the user to choose the best shots from them. On the entertainment front, the phones have a media player supporting MP3, AAC/AAC+/eAAC+ and WMA music files and 3GP/MPEG-4 video files. The phones also feature a RDS FM radio, and a Memory Stick Micro (M2) slot for expandable solid state memory (up to 16 GB). The K790/K800 models are also the first Sony Ericsson mobile phones to use ATI's Imageon 2192 graphics engine, which delivers a full 3D gaming graphics for Java and full support for its 3.2-megapixel camera. It is the phone used by James Bond in the 2006 Casino Royale film and trailers.
The difference between the two phones is that the K790 supports GSM and EDGE, while the K800 supports UMTS and GSM. As a result, the K800i features a QCIF (176X144) resolution front-mounted camera for 3G video conferencing. According to the official Sony Ericsson specifications (to be found on their website), the K800's talk time drops steeply from around 7 hours when using GSM to about 2 hours 30 minutes whilst using UMTS. A modified version of the K800i, the Sony Ericsson K810i, was released. Its successor is the 5-megapixel Sony Ericsson K850i.
Design and features
The K800i/K790 is a "block" (or "candy bar") style phone that weighs 115 grams, with its buttons operated by the thumb. It has the "dual-front" design common to most Sony Ericsson mobile phones since the Sony Ericsson K700, with the back of the mobile phone designed like a digital camera and intended to be held sideways to take photographs. The central joystick button is used for selecting options and navigating menus, with the "C" button as an undo or delete key, and the arrow-labelled button as a "back button". The two buttons labelled by white horizontal lines, known as hotkeys or soft keys perform the function of making decisions with only two choices. Such decisions are labelled on the phone's display. The button in between the right soft key and the "C" button acts as a shortcut key, which brings up a user-customisable shortcut menu when pressed. The two "A/B" buttons on either side of the earpiece are used for horizontal games support, as in the Sony Ericsson W550/W600. The on/off button is located on the top of the phone. The Memory Stick Micro M2 slot is located on the left-hand side of the phone. On the right-hand side of the phone there are three keys: two for controlling volume, skipping through tracks in the Media Player, changing radio channel, and zooming in and out when in camera mode. The third button on the right is the camera shutter button which operates the phone's key feature, a 3.2-megapixel Cyber-shot digital camera. In amongst the speaker at the top of the phone is a small camera used for video calls. Located next to this is the IrDA port.
The phone has a standard minimum user-available internal memory capacity of 64 MB. The external memory capacity can be extended by using a Memory Stick Micro M2, intended to support both the camera and the media player function of the phone. The phone can be connected to a computer for data transfer and recharging. Communication is made using either the built-in Bluetooth wireless or the supplied USB data cable, which connects to the phone using Sony Ericsson's proprietary FastPort connector, which is located on the bottom of the phone. The phone can also be used as a Bluetooth or USB GPRS/3G modem.
K800i/K790 cellphones feature full support for USB mass storage recognition. This means that there will be no need for driver installation on modern operating systems such as Mac OS X, Windows XP and Linux, as the phone will be automatically recognized as an external storage device upon connection. Data retrieval also includes the ability to output files by infra-red and Bluetooth (as well as in network-transmitted messages) to other devices. Although typical of many recent Sony Ericsson devices, support for outputting files other than over the mobile network has been variable with other brands.
In the calendar, a new feature is supported for recurring event notifications on a yearly basis, which the predecessor K750 lacked. The calendar is closely compatible with Microsoft Outlook.
Mac OS X v10.4.9 added support for calendar and contact syncing under iSync 2.4.
Variants
K800i - International version: Dual-mode UMTS (2100 MHz) & GSM (900/1800/1900 MHz), with W-CDMA and GPRS - for all regions except Mainland China
K800c - Mainland China version: Dual-mode UMTS (2100 MHz) & GSM (900/1800/1900 MHz), with W-CDMA and GPRS
K790i - International version: Tri-band GSM (900/1800/1900 MHz), with EDGE - for all regions except Mainland China and North America
K790c - Mainland China version: Tri-band GSM (900/1800/1900 MHz), with EDGE
K790a - North American version: Tri-band GSM (850/1800/1900 MHz), with EDGE
Technical specifications
Platform technology
Built on the U250 from Ericsson Mobile Platform.
Imaging
3.2-megapixel CMOS digital camera with auto-focus and Macro mode
32x digital zoom
Xenon flash with mF illuminator assist
Shutter button with auto-focus (press half-way to auto-focus, fully to capture)
Red-eye reduction
PictBridge & DPOF
Image Stabilization
BestPic - takes 9 successive images of the same subject in full resolution to choose the best shot(s)
QCIF (176x144) resolution video recording at 15 frame/s in 3GP format
Network
K800i / K800c
Dual-mode: UMTS at 2100 MHz, and GSM at 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz
K790i / K790c
Tri-band GSM at 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz
K790a
Tri-band GSM at 850 MHz, 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz
Price
Since the release of its successor the market price has dramatically fallen and, as of November 2008, it was available on a UK pre-pay network between £69.99 to £89.99.
Entertainment
Media Player with Equalizer and Stereo Widening
MP3, WMA, RealAudio 8 and AAC/AAC+/eAAC+ audio (unlike the K750 and W800, the K800 implements the HE-AAC and HE-AAC 2 formats)
MP4, 3GP and RealVideo 8 video
RDS FM radio
MusicDJ, PhotoDJ and VideoDJ
Sound recorder (saves records in AMR format)
Streaming audio/video
3D Java games
A/B buttons for horizontal games support and full-screen image preview modes
FaceWarp (pre-installed Java Application, not in all models)
Remote Control application (confirmed on K790i), allows you to use your phone as a Human interface device (like mouse or keyboard) via Bluetooth. Three button presets available: Presenter, MediaPlayer, Desktop. Supported on host computer natively by Bluetooth stack (vendor-independent).
Internet
Access NetFront - Full HTML browser
Download Manager
Native RSS Reader
Email (POP3 and IMAP4). With Push e-mail available for IMAP4.
Connectivity
Infrared port (IrDA)
Bluetooth 2.0 + A2DP
CSD
HSCSD
GPRS
EDGE (K790 versions only)
W-CDMA (K800 versions only)
USB 2.0 Synchronization or Mass Storage Device Transfer Mode via Fast Port connector
Storage
(M2) (Card not included as standard, up to 2 GB supported officially - unofficially up to 16 GB)
Minimum 64 MB Internal Flash memory (can be expanded to almost 75 MB through removal of preinstalled applications
Dimensions
106 mm x 47 mm x 20 mm (22 mm at the thickest part, which is the digital camera lens cover)
Operating system
Sony Ericsson Java Platform 7 (Java ME)
Display
ATI Imageon 2192 8 MB Graphics Engine (including support for its 3.2-megapixel camera for High Color)
2.0 inch QVGA (240x320) TFT LCD
262,144 (18-bit) colors
Colours
Velvet Black
Allure Brown
Royale Silver (James Bond Casino Royale Limited Edition)
Concrete Silver
Specific absorption rate (SAR)
0.59 W/kg (right)
Startup failures and data corruption
For some users, the K800i can suddenly and unexpectedly fail to startup, and instead just show a flashing white screen repeatedly. This problem happens due to internal data corruption (caused by the phone), and can only be fixed by restoring ("flashing") the phone to its original software/firmware — meaning that all personal data will be deleted. On some occasions, this problem can be fixed by using the Update Service software that comes on the CD (or from Sony Ericsson's website). However, personal data will still be erased.
Users are recommended to regularly backup their data using both a Memory Stick — for photos and contacts — and using the software MyPhoneExplorer to back up text messages, calendar appointments and other data to a PC.
A startup failure can be forecast by the following events:
All the custom words added to the dictionary are suddenly deleted
The phone duplicates some text messages in the Drafts folder
Many text messages in the Inbox are suddenly deleted
Users should back up their data when any of these events happen.
Media device problems
Sometimes dependent on age of phone/operating system the K800i doesn't show in PC media player software even when it is visible as mass storage. A work around is to uninstall the phone via device manager and wait for the phone to automatically reinstall.
References
Engadget
Mobile-Review.com Review
ReviewsTeam.com - Index of Reviews for the K790/K800 Family
Sony Ericsson Overview
External links
Sony Ericsson K800i Review - CNET.com.au
Cyber-shot cameras
Sony Ericsson mobile phones
Mobile phones introduced in 2006
Mobile phones with infrared transmitter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony%20Ericsson%20K800i |
Middleton Tyas is a village and civil parish in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England. It is located near Scotch Corner.
History
The name Middleton is of Anglo-Saxon origin and it means middle-farm or middle-settlement. Tyas is a Norman family name but there seems to be no evidence that Middleton Tyas once belonged to a family of that name.
The village lies on a substratum of limestone, which has been extensively quarried. Limestone quarrying still takes place at the nearby Barton roundabout. There was also an 18th-century copper mine and works near the village.
Just outside the village is the Middleton Lodge Estate. Middleton Lodge itself was built in 1760 and is a listed building. It also has a number of Grade II listed buildings and of private parkland.
The Church of St Michael and All Angels lies just outside the village on the road towards Moulton. It is an ancient structure, with Norman arches and pillars on the north side and Early English on the south. It was restored and renovated between 1867 and 1879 under the direction of Sir George Gilbert Scott.
A Primitive Methodist chapel was erected in the village in 1877; only three years later it was sold to the Wesleyans. It is no longer used as a church, having been closed down in 1984.
Notable people
The fraudster Sir Edmund Backhouse, 2nd Baronet, and his brother, the naval officer Roger Backhouse, were both born in the village. Lady Alicia Blackwood lived in the village, as did Arthur Francis Pease, who also died there. The two brothers Almroth Wright and Charles Theodore Hagberg Wright were born in the village. Top poker player Keith Hawkins currently lives in the village
Amenities
There is one pub in the village, The Shoulder of Mutton; there is also The Scotch Corner Hotel at the famous roundabout.
The village is served by Middleton Tyas Church of England primary school, which moved from the Victorian building in the centre of the village to a new purpose-built building on the outskirts. The old school was built in 1861-62 and the new school in 2003–04. The old school was sold and is now being extensively refurbished.
The post office and shop closed in April 2003, leaving the village with no retail facilities within its boundaries, so the local community decided to open a new shop. Using grant aid from the Countryside Agency and DEFRA the villagers founded the Community Co-operative village store in the Memorial Hall. It was opened by local MP William Hague in April 2004. The shop is open 55 hours a week and sells basic groceries, local produce, fruit and vegetables, newspapers and magazines; it has an in-store bakery and serves as an off-licence. Two part-time staff are employed and there is regular input from eight volunteers.
The nearby Scotch Corner Service Station acts as a useful 24-hour shop for Middleton Tyas and other neighbouring villages.
Governance
The electoral ward with the same name stretches south-west to Skeeby and had a total population at the 2011 Census of 1,183.
References
External links
Middleton Lodge
Middleton Tyas Parish Council
Villages in North Yorkshire
Civil parishes in North Yorkshire
Richmondshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middleton%20Tyas |
Skeeby is a village and civil parish about north-west of the county town of Northallerton in North Yorkshire, England.
History
Skeeby was recorded as Schirebi in the Domesday Book – the description being: "In Skeeby there are six carucates and there could be four ploughs there". In other early references to the village it is known as Schireby in the 11th century, Scythebi and Scideby in the 12th century, Schideby, Skitteby and Skytheby in the 13th and 14th centuries and finally Skeitby or Skeby in the 16th century.
The origins of Skeeby Bridge, over Gilling Beck, date from the early 14th century, the existing structure being a 17th-century Grade II listed structure that was widened by John Carr in 1781/2. The earliest remaining buildings in the village date from the 17th and 18th centuries.
In 1870-72, John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales described Skeeby:
SKEEBY, a township in Easby parish, N. R. Yorkshire; 2½ miles ENE of Richmond. Acres, 770. Real property, £1,234. Pop., 180. Houses, 42.
Governance
The village lies within the Richmond (Yorks) parliamentary constituency, which was represented from 1989 to 2015 by Conservative William Hague. It also lies within the Richmondshire North electoral division of North Yorkshire County Council and the Middleton Tyas ward of Richmondshire District Council.
Geography
Skeeby is located on the A6108 road, the main road between Richmond and Scotch Corner, linking with the A66 and A1(M) motorway. The nearest settlements to Skeeby are Richmond, to the west and Gilling West . A small beck flows through the village, as well as Gilling Beck which becomes Skeeby Beck and flows under Skeeby Bridge, as a consequence the main road and farmland surrounding Gilling Beck are prone to flooding. Skeeby Beck flows into the River Swale just above Brompton-on-Swale.
Demography
2011 census
The 2011 UK census showed that the population was split 44.3% male to 55.7% female. The religious constituency was made of 75.1% Christian, 0.8% Buddhist, 0.3% Muslim, 0.3% Other religions and the rest stating no religion or not stating at all. The ethnic make-up was 97.5% White British, 0.6% British Asian and 0.8% each White Other. There were 188 dwellings.
Community and culture
Education for the village children is provided by three primary schools in nearby Richmond (CE, Methodist and St Mary's). Pupils then receive secondary education at Richmond School & Sixth Form College. The public house, the Traveller's Rest, was closed in 2008 and since then there had been many negotiations by the community-founded "Skeeby Community Pub Society" in order to purchase the pub back for the villagers. The pub was re-opened by the villagers in April 2023, 15 years after it had first closed. The village shop, known as "Skeeby Stores" and the post office are also now no longer in business, the store premises have since been refurbished, awaiting new ownership, while the old post office is a cottage.
Religion
The church, dedicated to St Agatha was built in 1840, being used as a second chapel of ease to the larger and older church of St Agatha, at nearby Easby Abbey. It served both as a church and a school, until the school moved across the road during Victorian times, into what is now a residential abode. There was also a Wesleyan chapel, which has now also been converted into a residence.
References
External links
Villages in North Yorkshire
Civil parishes in North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeeby |
Dalton-on-Tees is a village and civil parish in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England, near the boundary with County Durham. According to the 2001 Census there were 318 people living in the parish (including Eryholme) in 120 houses. The population had decreased to 303 by the time of the 2011 Census.
The village is bypassed by the A167 road between Darlington and Northallerton and is south of the village of Croft-on-Tees and north-east of the motor racing circuit Croft Circuit. There are signs at both the north and south entrances to the village indicating that the village is from Northallerton and from Darlington even though they are apart. To the east the village overlooks a meander of the River Tees, from which it derives its name: the town (tun) in the valley (or dæl [dale]).
The village has a pub, the Chequers Inn, overlooking the village green, and a small village hall on the other side of the bypass just along West Lane. The village green is the site of the village pump (now defunct) which stands under a sprawling chestnut tree. There are a number of signed streets in the village, namely, Ruskin Close, Byron Court, Garth Terrace, Orchard Close and West Lane, and a number of unsigned roads and lanes, including The Green and the Old Road. The parish had 133 properties at the 2011 Census but new estates have been built in the village since then.
Dalton-on-Tees is served by the number 72 public bus between Darlington and Northallerton and on school days the number 466R between Croft-on-Tees and Richmond School.
The village has a series of moats, identified as a fishpond complex dating back to Medieval times.
History
Dalton on Tees, at one time described as a township, lies in the Parish of Croft, was referred to in various publications in the early 1820s and appears in the 1861 census. Around 1890 it consisted of some 40 dwellings and had a population of 187. At that time it consisted of of land and of water and had a rateable value of £5,739. Until around 1900 it was part of the wapentake of Gilling East in the Richmond area of the North Riding of Yorkshire. It is near the former Dalton junction/Eryholme railway station on the closed Richmond branch line of the North Eastern Railway between York and Newcastle.
At the southern end of the village is a memorial to the pilots, air and ground crew of the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) 434 "Bluenose" and 431 "Iroquois" Squadrons who, during World War II, were based at the nearby RAF Croft air base (now the site of the Croft Circuit as described above).
Some years ago a Romano-British villa complex was unearthed and explored in the fields near Chapel House Farm on the edge of the village.
During 2018, as part of a Community Archaeology project under the Tees Valley Landscape Partnership, a Roman fort or camp was discovered near Dalton-on-Tees. The project discovered two camps or forts. The first, of 6ha west of the village, is believed to date from 70AD and is thought to be associated with the Roman conquest of Northern England. It was followed some 30 years later by a much larger fort of 16ha, which included part of the earlier camp or fort. The defences of this larger fort consisted of a box-rampart, consisting of vertical timber revetments to the front and rear linked by cross members. The resulting interior space was filled with earth, clay and rubble. A walkway and parapet topped the timber defence. This later fort is approaching the size of a legionary fortress and could have accommodated a force of 4,000 men. The village of Dalton-on-Tees is constructed largely within this later Roman fort.
References
External links
Croft Circuit
Village website
Villages in North Yorkshire
Civil parishes in North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalton-on-Tees |
SCRIPT, any of a series of text markup languages starting with Script under Control Program-67/Cambridge Monitor System (CP-67/CMS) and Script/370 under Virtual Machine Facility/370 (VM/370) and the Time Sharing Option (TSO) of OS/VS2; the current version, SCRIPT/VS, is part of IBM's Document Composition Facility (DCF) for IBM z/VM and z/OS systems. SCRIPT was developed for CP-67/CMS by Stuart Madnick at MIT, succeeding CTSS RUNOFF.
SCRIPT is a procedural markup language. Inline commands called control words, indicated by a period in the first column of a logical line, describe the desired appearance of the formatted text. SCRIPT originally provided a 2PASS option to allow text to refer to variables defined later in the text, but subsequent versions allowed more than two passes.
History
In 1968 "IBM contracted Stuart Madnick of MIT to write a simple document preparation ..." to run on CP/67. He modeled it on MIT's CTSS RUNOFF.
In 1974, William Dwyer at Yale University ported the CP-67 version of Script to the Time Sharing Option (TSO) of OS/360 under the name NSCRIPT. The University of Waterloo rewrote and extended NSCRIPT as Waterloo SCRIPT, also in 1974, making it available for free to CMS and TSO users for several releases before eventually charging for new releases.
By 1978, IBM's Script/370, running on VM/CMS, had evolved into Document Composition Facility (DCF), supporting SCRIPT/VS on CMS, DOS/VS, OS/VS1 and OS/VS2, and supported the IBM 3800. In addition, there was a PC/MS-DOS version called SCRIPT/PC.
Native SCRIPT control words
Native Script control begin with a period and have a space prior to operands. They normally begin in column 1, but you may code multiple control words, separated by semicolons, on a single line.
The description and table below refer to selected control words in DCF; older versions are similar.
SCRIPT allows space units in control words to be specified in a number of units including inches, centimeters, millimeters, picas, ciceros, m-spaces, or device units (pels at the current device resolution). Vertical space units are assumed to be lines unless otherwise specified.
SCRIPT macros
Script includes a facility for user-defined macros and for automatically reading a profile containing macro definitions and other commands. Several packages for semantic tagging, including GML and EasyScript, are built on top of this facility.
Generalized Markup Language
IBM's Generalized Markup Language (GML) is a descriptive markup layer describing the logical structure of a document. Both SCRIPT/VS and the GML Starter Set are part of IBM's Document Composition Facility (DCF), used in the System/370 platform and successors. The tag sets of the BookMaster and BookManager BUILD/MVS products are built on a foundation of the GML Starter Set syntax and implementation.
The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) is a descendant of GML. While DCF does not directly handle SGML, there is an SGML translator available as a separate product.
EasyScript
EasyScript is a set of macro definitions and profiles included with Script/370 Version 3 that implements a primitive version of GML. Tags are variables whose values have been set to control words, allowing multiple tags in a single line.
.ez on
&P.This is a paragraph.
&N1.First item
&N2.First subitem
&N2.Second subitem
&N1.Second item
is roughly equivalent to
This is a paragraph
First item
First subitem
Second subitem
Second item
GML Starter Set (GMLSS)
The GML Starter Set (GMLSS) is a set of macro definitions and profiles that implements a set of tags that has more of a semantic orientation than the raw Script/VS control words. Tags begin with a colon and end with a period, and may contain attributes between the name and the closing period; a line may contain multiple tags.
BookMaster
Bookmaster is an IBM product, "designed for high-volume in-house publishing applications", that extends the GML Starter Set of DCF. It consists of "a rich set of GML vocabulary for creating complex document layouts." Bookmaster runs under the z/VM and z/OS operating systems.
BookManager
BookManager is a family of products for producing and reading online books. BookManager BUILD/MVS and BookManager BUILD/VM are layered on top of SCRIPT and BookMaster and can run on z/VM and z/OS. Other BookManager BUILD products for generating text run on Linux, Windows or OS/2 and convert files produced by various word processors to BookManager format. BookManager Read products for viewing text run on a variety of systems. BookManager BookServer is a multi-platform system to "serve your electronic books to HTML browsers."
BookManager electronic documents typically have filenames ending with the extension .BOO. IBM offers several no charge tools to work with and read BookManager documents including a reader/viewer called IBM Softcopy Reader. An independent developer, Ken Bowling, created and released software that uses IBM's BookManager code libraries to convert BookManager documents to PDF.
See also
Markup language
Typesetting
Runoff
Scribe (markup language)
References
External links
SH35-0070-07
SH35-0069-07
"CTSS PROGRAMMER'S GUIDE Section AH.9.01, 12/66"
IBM software
Typesetting software
Markup languages
IBM mainframe software | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCRIPT%20%28markup%29 |
Gilling with Hartforth and Sedbury is a civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It includes the villages of Gilling West and Hartforth. The civil parish population at the 2011 census was 534.
Governance
Gilling West remains the name of the electoral ward. This ward stretches north west to Ravensworth with a total population taken at the 2011 census of 1,184.
References
Civil parishes in North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilling%20with%20Hartforth%20and%20Sedbury |
Gilling West is a village about north of Richmond in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England. It is located in the civil parish of Gilling with Hartforth and Sedbury. It is named "West" to distinguish it from Gilling East in Ryedale, some 32 miles away.
A 2018 report states that the community houses people who commute to Darlington, Teesside and Richmond via the A66 and A1(M). The settlement "retains a village hall, two public houses and a shop but there is no longer a post office. There is a limited bus service to the village." The report adds that Gilling West is a Conservation Area with the High Street of particular significance. "A substantial percentage of the buildings [in the community] are listed as being of special architectural or historic interest".
History
Gilling was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 under the name of Ghellinges "in the hundred of Land of Count Alan" as a tiny village with "16 villagers. 3 freemen. 6 smallholders". The tenant-in-chief was named Count Alan of Brittany.
The parish church is dedicated to St Agatha. The Domesday Book records a place of worship in the village as of 1086. The C of E website in early 2021 states "it is mentioned in the Domesday Book and parts of St Agatha’s date back to this period". It was subsequently restored and modified. The Historic Listing states: "Late C11, early C14, late C14, late C15, restoration and additions 1845". This is a Grade I listed property. The 2018 archeological report adds specifics about St Agatha's: "a number of pre-Conquest carved stones and a medieval grave cover" were discovered here. "The west tower probably belonged to the church at Gilling recorded in the Domesday Book as stylistically it belongs to the late 11th Century."
St Agatha's Church features a monument to Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock (1862-1914), who was born in the parish, at Hartforth.
In earlier times, the area was one of some importance in the Anglo-Saxon period of British history. In the 7th century it was a seat of the Deira in the southern region of the Anglian kingdom of Northumbria, and from the 9th century, the surrounding area known as Gillingshire was ruled by the Earls of Mercia, specifically Edwin, who was the last of the Earls to have a seat of power at Gilling before the Norman Conquest saw Edwin's lands given to William the Conqueror's kinsman, Alan Rufus. One report adds some specifics, indicating that this was an administrative area or 'wapentake'. In 1976, "a C9th Anglican cross ... a C10th hogback tombstone and a Viking sword" were discovered.
The sword was found by nine-year-old Garry Fridd in the beck while playing close to the bridge in Gilling. It turned out to be a double-edged, iron-bladed sword with a silver-decorated handle, dating from the 9th century. It is regarded as being amongst the best Anglian weapons ever to be discovered in England. The restored Gilling sword is in the collection of the Yorkshire Museum in York.
The area had a number of quarries that were used until the mid 1800s for stone used in construction. One survives, the Dunsa Bank Quarry.
The manor house Sedbury Hall, on the edge of the village, was described by one historical report as "the seat of the lords of Sedbury Manor" as of 1914. Formerly associated with the Darcy, Aske, Conyers and Nevil families, it is now home to the Baker Baker family (formerly of Elemore Hall, Pittington, Co. Durham). The present house was designed by John Carr, and its grounds were laid out in the 18th century by William Sawrey Gilpin.
Gilling Lodge, a Grade II listed building, was constructed in the mid 1800s for the Roper family, according to the listing. The archeological report about the area adds that Roper
was part of a family of Richmond bankers. The house has since been "restored to National Trust guidelines" by owners who listed the property for sale in 2020. It was described as a 6,300 square foot home with "six bedrooms, five bathrooms and a cinema room".
Governance
The village lies within the Richmond (Yorks) parliamentary constituency, which has been under the control of the Conservative Party for more than a century. The current Member of Parliament, since the 2015 general election, is Rishi Sunak, the constituency's previous incumbent being William Hague. Gilling West also lies within the Richmondshire North electoral division of North Yorkshire County Council and the Gilling West ward of Richmondshire District Council.
Geography
Gilling West is located on the B6274 road that links nearby Richmond with the A66 trunk road and eventually continues on to Staindrop in County Durham. Nearby settlements to Gilling include Hartforth north-west, Whashton to the west, and the market town of Richmond to the south. Gilling Beck flows through the village. Further upstream the same watercourse is known as Hartforth Beck as it passes through the settlement of Hartforth, whilst downstream of Gilling West it becomes Skeeby Beck before its ultimate confluence with the River Swale just west of Brompton-on-Swale. The village is also prone to major flooding.
Demography
For the parish of Gilling with Hartforth and Sedbury:
In 2015, North Yorkshire County Council estimated the population of the parish to have fallen to 510.
Community and culture
Education for the children of the village is provided by three primary schools in nearby Richmond (CE, Methodist and St Mary's). There was formerly a village school known as Gilling School, built in 1847, but it has since closed and been redeveloped into housing. Pupils receive secondary education at Richmond School & Sixth Form College. The village has two pubs, the Angel Inn and the White Swan, and had a post office/village shop until its closure in 2013.
Notable people
Ralph Hedley, painter
References
External links
Gilling West Village Website
Villages in North Yorkshire
Civil parishes in North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilling%20West |
Hartforth is a small village in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England. The village is situated approximately south-west from the market town of Darlington, and is part of the civil parish of Gilling with Hartforth and Sedbury. The population was 558 at the 2021 census.
Hartforth Hall
Hartforth Hall is a Grade II* listed country house. It was built in 1744 for William Cradock of Gilling, who had bought the manor of Hartforth in 1720. Additions were made in 1792 and c. 1900. Rear Admiral Christopher Cradock, who died at the Battle of Coronel, was born at Hartforth in 1862. The property was operated as a hotel and wedding venue from 1986 to 2017, but the hotel is now permanently closed.
References
External links
"Whashton, Kirby Hill, Ravensworth, Gilling, Hartforth Census Data and Information", Whashton.net. Retrieved 6 December 2013
Villages in North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartforth |
Amadeus IT Group, S.A. () is a major Spanish multinational technology company that provides software solutions for the global travel and tourism industry. It is the world's leading provider of travel technology that focus on developing software for airlines, hotels, travel agencies, and other travel-related businesses to enhance their operations and customer experiences.
The company is structured around two areas: its global distribution system and its Information Technology business. Amadeus provides search, pricing, booking, ticketing and other processing services in real-time to travel providers and travel agencies through its Amadeus CRS distribution business area. It also offers computer software that automates processes such as reservations, inventory management software and departure control systems. It services customers including airlines, hotels, tour operators, insurers, car rental and railway companies, ferry and cruise lines, travel agencies and individual travellers directly.
Amadeus processed 945 million billable travel transactions in 2011.
The parent company of Amadeus IT Group, holding over 99.7% of the firm, is Amadeus IT Holding S.A. It was listed on the Spanish stock exchanges on 29 April 2010.
Amadeus has central sites in Madrid, Spain (corporate headquarters and marketing), Sophia Antipolis, France (product development), London, UK (product development), Breda, Netherlands (development), Erding, Germany (Data center) and Bangalore, India (product development) as well as regional offices in Boston, Bangkok, Buenos Aires, Dubai, Miami, Istanbul, Singapore, and Sydney. At market level, Amadeus maintains customer operations through 173 local Amadeus Commercial Organisations (ACOs) covering 195 countries. The Amadeus group employs 14,200 employees worldwide, and listed in Forbes' list of "The World's Largest Public Companies" as No. 985.
History
Amadeus was originally created as a neutral global distribution system (GDS) by Air France, Iberia, Lufthansa and SAS in 1987 in order to connect providers' content with travel agencies and consumers in real time. The creation of Amadeus was intended to offer a European alternative to Sabre, an American GDS. The first Amadeus system was built from core reservation system code coming from System One, an American GDS that competed with Sabre but went bankrupt, and a copy of the Air France pricing engine. These systems were respectively running under IBM TPF and Unisys. At the first, the systems were dedicated to airline reservation and centered on the PNR (Passenger Name Record), the passenger's travel file. Gradually the PNR was opened up to additional travel industries (hotels, rail, cars, cruises, ferries, insurance, etc.).
Initially a private partnership, Amadeus went public in October 1999, becoming listed on the Paris, Frankfurt and Madrid stock exchanges. The firm diversified its operations with information technologies (IT) to deliver services beyond sales and reservation functionalities, centered on streamlining the operational and distribution requirements of its customer base.
Since 2004, the company has invested €1 billion in R&D with its technology increasingly using open systems which provide clients with more flexibility and features. , 85% of its software portfolio was open system based and it expects by the end of 2016 to have fully migrated away from mainframe-based TPF software.
In 2005, Amadeus was delisted from the Paris, Frankfurt and Madrid stock exchanges when BC Partners and Cinven bought their stake from three of the four founding airlines and the rest of the capital floated from institutional and minority shareholders. The transition from distribution system to technology provider was reflected by the change in its corporate name to Amadeus IT Group in 2006. In 2009, Amadeus invested about €257 million in R&D. Amadeus was listed on the Spanish Stock Exchanges on 29 April 2010.
Amadeus has acquired:
2000: Vacation.com, the largest US marketing network for leisure travel
2001: E-Travel, Inc., a supplier of hosted technology products for corporate travel
2002: SMART AB, a travel distribution company in Northern Europe
2003: Airline Automation (AAI), a robotic PNR processing company In 2006, its name was changed to Amadeus Revenue Integrity.
2004-2008: Opodo, a European travel website, which it sold in February 2011 for €450 million
2005: Optims, a European hotel software company
2006: TravelTainment, a leisure content provider
2008: Onerail, a rail IT software supplier
2013: Travel Audience GmbH, an online advertising firm
2014: Newmarket International, an IT provider for hotels
2014: UFIS, an airport IT provider
2014: i:FAO, a corporate travel buying software system
2015: iTesso, a Property Management System provider for hotels
2015: AirIT, property and revenue management software for airports
2017: Navitaire, a software provider for rail and low-cost airlines
2017: Pyton, an online booking engine supplier
2018: TravelClick, a provider of cloud-based services for the hotel industry, for $1.52 billion
2022: Kambr, an airline revenue management solutions provider
In September 2014, Air France sold a 3% stake in the firm for $438 million. In November 2017, Amadeus invested in global mapping tech provider AVUXI.
Data centre
Amadeus has its own data centre in Erding, Germany, two strategic operation centres in Miami and Sydney and local competency centres in Germany, Thailand, India, Poland, Colombia, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom.
Vulnerability discovered
On January 15, 2019, the hacker and activist Noam Rotem discovered a major vulnerability affecting nearly half of all airlines worldwide while booking a flight with Israeli national carrier El Al, he came across a significant security breach that allows anyone to access and change private information on flight bookings. The same breach was then discovered to include 44% of the international carriers market, potentially affecting tens of millions of travelers.
Operations
Distribution
Amadeus CRS is the largest GDS provider in the worldwide travel and tourism industry, with an estimated market share of 37% in 2009. As of December 2010, over travel agencies worldwide use the Amadeus system and airline sales offices use it as their internal sales and reservations system. Amadeus gives access to bookable content from 435 airlines (including 60 low-cost carriers), 29 car rental companies (representing car rental locations), 51 cruise lines and ferry operators, 280 hotel chains and hotels, 200 tour operators, 103 rail operators and 116 travel insurance companies.
Information Technology
Amadeus Altéa Customer Management System (CMS) is a software suite for airlines' sales and reservations, inventory management and departure control systems. Using it, airlines outsource their IT operations onto a community platform which allows them to share information with both airline alliance and codeshare agreement partners.
It consists of four main modules: Altéa Reservation, Altéa Inventory, Altéa Departure Control, ; and Altéa e-commerce.
In 2009, 238 million passengers were boarded by airlines using the system. It is developing similar systems for rail companies, hotel chains, airport operators and aircraft ground handling companies.
Contribution to open source projects
According to a May 2015 investigation, Amadeus has contributed to the Docker open source software project.
Business model and other business lines
The business model of Amadeus is booking fee or transaction based, which means that a fee is taken for each confirmed net booking made in the Amadeus CRS.
In late 1990s, a business division specialized in e-commerce was created.
In 2000, Amadeus was awarded the development of two new operational applications for British Airways and Qantas: the inventory management and the departure control systems. These products were outside of the core expertise domain of Amadeus and were built with the expertise of the airlines.
In March 2015, Amadeus announced that Blacklane, a Berlin-based professional driver service available worldwide, would become their first fully integrated taxi and transfer service provider.
References
External links
Amadeus Hospitality Website
Software companies of Spain
Information technology companies of Spain
Hospitality companies established in 1987
Software companies established in 1987
Travel technology
Companies based in Madrid
IBEX 35
Companies listed on the Madrid Stock Exchange
Spanish brands
Spanish companies established in 1987
1999 initial public offerings
Computer reservation systems | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amadeus%20IT%20Group |
Svidník (, , , ) is a town in eastern Slovakia, the capital of the Svidník District in the Prešov Region. It has a population of around 11,000.
There is a monumental Soviet Army Memorial in the city, in memory of Battle of the Dukla Pass.
Geography
It is located in the Ondava Highlands, at the confluence of Ondava and Ladomírka rivers, located around from the Dukla Pass (Polish border) and around north-east of Prešov.
History
The town arose in 1944 by merger of two formerly independent municipalities of Nižný Svidník and Vyšný Svidník. The first written mention stems from 1355 as Scyuidnyk.
Demographics
According to a 2001 census, the town had 12,428 inhabitants. 79.60% of inhabitants were Slovaks, 13.04% were Rusyns, 4.07% were Ukrainian, 1.50% were of Romani descent and 0.39% were Czechs. The religious make-up was 41.10% Greek Catholics, 25.82% Orthodox, 24.13% Roman Catholics, 5.17% people with no religious affiliation and 0.93% Lutherans.
Twin towns — sister cities
Svidník is twinned with:
Strzyżów, Poland
Świdnik, Poland
Jarosław, Poland
Sanok County, Poland
Chrudim, Czech Republic
Kriva Palanka, North Macedonia
Rakhiv, Ukraine
Vrbas, Serbia
References
External links
Cities and towns in Slovakia
Šariš | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svidn%C3%ADk |
Eleven was an American alternative rock group from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1990 by Alain Johannes (vocals, guitar, sitar, horns), Natasha Shneider (vocals, keyboards, bass), and Jack Irons (drums).
History
Eleven's early history is intertwined with that of the Red Hot Chili Peppers. As teenagers Irons and Johannes formed the band Anthym with Flea and Hillel Slovak; this band was soon to be renamed What Is This?. The members of What Is This? then joined with Anthony Kiedis to form the Red Hot Chili Peppers, but Slovak and Irons also continued to record with Johannes, and What Is This? released the EP Squeezed with Chris Hutchinson playing bass. After the recording of the self-titled second What Is This? album, Slovak and Irons discontinued the band to concentrate full-time on the Red Hot Chili Peppers.
Johannes and Shneider met and formed the duo Walk The Moon, which featured Irons and Hutchinson on several tracks. When Irons later left the Red Hot Chili Peppers he teamed up with his former bandmate Johannes and his new partner to form Eleven.
Midway through the recording of Eleven's third album, Thunk, Irons departed again to drum with Pearl Jam, and Matt Cameron played drums on the album's remaining four tracks. Irons was replaced by Greg Upchurch for their fourth album, Avantegardedog, but returned to the band once again prior to the recording of their fifth album, Howling Book. Rick Markmann played bass for Eleven on stage, though he did not feature on any of their albums.
Eleven toured with Pearl Jam, Soundgarden, Queens of the Stone Age and Candlebox, and Johannes and Shneider also became a sought-after production team that worked on albums such as Chris Cornell's Euphoria Morning (on which they also wrote, performed and toured), No Doubt's Return of Saturn, Steadman's Revive, and The Desert Sessions 7&8 and 9&10 with Josh Homme. Most of the recording took place at 11AD, their home studio; Howling Book was self-produced, recorded and mixed in its entirety at 11AD.
The band has cited as their major influences Jimmy Page and Led Zeppelin, Queen, The Beatles, Johann Sebastian Bach, and Sergei Prokofiev. With Chris Cornell, they recorded Shneider's arrangement of Franz Schubert's "Ave Maria", which appears on the album A Very Special Christmas 3, in the liner notes of which they state they deliberately chose a classical work to help interest young people in classical music.
Johannes and Shneider contributed the theme for the film Catwoman. The track was composed by Johannes and Shneider with Shneider credited as the performer rather than the band.
On July 2, 2008 Natasha Shneider died following a battle with cancer. The news broke with a message posted on the Myspace page of the band Sweethead, of which Natasha's former bandmate Troy Van Leeuwen is a member and was a close friend:
Another tribute message later replaced the main page at the official website of Queens of the Stone Age.
According to Eleven's July 11, 2007 Myspace blog, they were working on a sixth album that they planned to have released by the fall. No release date has been announced and it is unclear how much, if any, of a new album was completed.
Johannes and Irons later were part of the band Spinnerette, in which Johannes had a major hand in songwriting. Shneider is credited with "spiritual guidance."
Discography
Albums
Awake in a Dream (1991)
Eleven (1993)
Thunk (1995)
Avantgardedog (2000)
Howling Book (2003)
This Little Finger (2011) [EP]
Promos
Vowel Movement (1991)
Rainbow's End (1991)
Why (1995)
All Falls Away/You're Not Alone (2000)
Chris Cornell Euphoria Mourning (1999)
References
External links
Eleven World - the official website
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Progressive rock musical groups from California
1990s in music
2000s in music | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleven%20%28band%29 |
HMS Acasta was one of eight destroyers built for the Royal Navy (RN) in the 1920s. The ship spent most of the 1930s assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet. During the early months of the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939, Acasta spent considerable time in Spanish waters enforcing the arms blockade imposed by Britain and France on both sides of the conflict.
At the beginning of the Second World War in September 1939, the ship was assigned convoy escort duties in the English Channel and the Western Approaches that lasted until April 1940 when the Germans invaded Norway. That month Acasta was transferred to the Home Fleet and supported Allied operations in Norway. Whilst escorting the aircraft carrier on 8 June 1940, she was sunk by the battleships and , but not before badly damaging the former ship.
Design and description
In the mid-1920s, the RN ordered two destroyers from two different builders, , built by Yarrow, and , built by Thornycroft, incorporating the lessons learned from World War I, as prototypes for future classes. The A-class destroyers were based on Amazon, slightly enlarged and carrying two more torpedo tubes. They displaced at standard load and at deep load. The ships had an overall length of , a beam of and a draught of . Acasta was powered by a pair of Brown-Curtis geared steam turbines, each driving one shaft, using steam provided by three Admiralty 3-drum boilers. The turbines developed a total of and gave a speed of . During her sea trials, she reached a maximum speed of from . The ships carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of at . The complement of the A-class ships was 134 officers and ratings and increased to 143 by 1940.
Their main armament consisted of four QF 4.7-inch (120 mm) Mk IX guns in single mounts, in two superfiring pairs in front of the bridge and aft of the superstructure. For anti-aircraft (AA) defence, they had two QF 2-pounder Mk II AA guns mounted on a platform between their funnels. The ships were fitted with two above-water quadruple mounts for torpedoes. Carrying the minesweeping paravanes on the quarterdeck limited depth charge chutes to three with two depth charges provided for each chute. The A-class destroyers were given space for an ASDIC system, but it was not initially fitted.
Construction and career
Acasta was ordered on 6 March 1928 from John Brown & Company under the 1929 Naval Programme. She was laid down at their Clydebank, Scotland, shipyard on 13 August 1928, and launched on 8 August 1929, as the fourth ship of the name to serve in the RN. The ship was completed on 11 February 1930 at a cost of £227,621 excluding items supplied by the Admiralty such as guns, ammunition and communications equipment. Acasta was commissioned at Clydebank three days later and was assigned to the 3rd Destroyer Flotilla (DF) of the Mediterranean Fleet after working up.
The ship remained with the 3rd DF until 1937 aside from refits in HM Dockyard, Devonport (30 August–29 October 1932 and 29 April–3 July 1935). She also had a refit in Gibraltar between 24 November and 20 December 1933. Acasta accidentally collided with her flotilla leader, off Malta during an exercise on 12 June 1934 and was under repair until 27 July. The ship spent of her time between September 1936 and April 1937 aiding refugees and making non-intervention patrols in Spanish waters. She returned home at the end of that month and began a long refit at Devonport on 1 May that lasted until 11 April 1938 and included the installation of ASDIC. Acasta was then assigned to the 7th DF and served in Irish waters until beginning a refit at Devonport between 3 November and 17 January 1939. The ship was then assigned as the emergency destroyer for Plymouth and aided Vickers-Armstrongs in testing ASDIC equipment for the Argentinian light cruiser La Argentina over the period 2–13 March.
Wartime service
When the Second World War began in September 1939, Acasta was assigned to the 18th DF at Plymouth and escorted convoys in the English Channel until she was refitted again at Devonport between 20 December and 5 January 1940. The ship was then transferred to the Western Approaches and escorted a total of 22 convoys through April 1940. On 31 January 1940, she helped to escort the light cruiser into Plymouth on her return from her battle with the heavy cruiser .
After the German invasion of Norway on 9 April, Acasta was transferred to the Home Fleet. On 13 April, the ship joined the escort of Convoy NP1, on passage to Norway with troops for the planned landings at Narvik, but the convoy was diverted to Harstad. During 9–15 May, she escorted the badly damaged light cruiser to the Clyde for repairs after she struck a rock. On 31 May, the ship and the destroyers , , and escorted the aircraft carriers and from the Clyde to the Norwegian coast to carry out air operations in support of the evacuation of Allied forces from Norway in Operation Alphabet. Acasta remained with the carriers' escort throughout early June.
Ardent and Acasta escorted Glorious back to Scapa Flow on 8 June. En route, the three ships were spotted by Scharnhorst and Gneisenau at 15:46, which changed course to investigate. They were not spotted by the British until shortly after 16:00 and Ardent was ordered to identify the German ships while the other ships remained on course. She turned back to rejoin them before the Germans opened fire at 16:27 and was engaged by the secondary armament, mostly by Scharnhorst, while both ships fired at Glorious with their main batteries. Acasta remained with the carrier and began making smoke after the Germans opened fire, even opening fire herself although her guns lacked the range to reach the battleships. The destroyer was struck not long after she began laying smoke, but it had little effect. After the carrier was hit multiple times and began to list, Acasta left her and closed with the battleships to shorten the range for a torpedo attack. Now more visible to the battleships, she began to be hit more regularly. The first attack was unsuccessful, but one of the four torpedoes from the second attack blew a hole in Scharnhorsts hull at 17:34, flooding and disabling her starboard engine room. Acasta was then reduced to a blazing wreck and her captain, C. E. Glasfurd, ordered her crew to abandon ship. One of the gun crews delayed long enough to fire a shot that struck one of the Scharnhorsts main guns, but inflicted nothing more than shrapnel damage. The destroyer sank stern first around 18:20. Most of her crew died from exposure before the Norwegian merchant ship rescued two survivors from Acasta three days later, along with 36 men from Glorious. One of the men from Acasta later died of his wounds. All of the men saved by Borgund were set ashore at Tórshavn in the Faroe Islands on 13 June. Eight officers and 153 ratings were lost with Acasta or died of their wounds afterwards.
Footnotes
References
External links
HMS Acasta at World War II Database
HMS Acasta - Site dedicated to remembering those who served aboard HMS Acasta H09.
Scharnhorst - The History - an excellent summary of the battle leading to Acastas sinking.
Scharnhorst - Operation "Juno" - technical specs and pictures of HMS Acasta.
Glarac Association - remembering those lost with HMS Acasta, with complete CWGC casualty list.
HMS Acasta (Clydebuilt Ships Database)
A- and B-class destroyers
1929 ships
World War II destroyers of the United Kingdom
World War II shipwrecks in the Norwegian Sea
Maritime incidents in June 1940
Ships built on the River Clyde | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Acasta%20%28H09%29 |
A photopolymer or light-activated resin is a polymer that changes its properties when exposed to light, often in the ultraviolet or visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. These changes are often manifested structurally, for example hardening of the material occurs as a result of cross-linking when exposed to light. An example is shown below depicting a mixture of monomers, oligomers, and photoinitiators that conform into a hardened polymeric material through a process called curing.
A wide variety of technologically useful applications rely on photopolymers; for example, some enamels and varnishes depend on photopolymer formulation for proper hardening upon exposure to light. In some instances, an enamel can cure in a fraction of a second when exposed to light, as opposed to thermally cured enamels which can require half an hour or longer. Curable materials are widely used for medical, printing, and photoresist technologies.
Changes in structural and chemical properties can be induced internally by chromophores that the polymer subunit already possesses, or externally by addition of photosensitive molecules. Typically a photopolymer consists of a mixture of multifunctional monomers and oligomers in order to achieve the desired physical properties, and therefore a wide variety of monomers and oligomers have been developed that can polymerize in the presence of light either through internal or external initiation. Photopolymers undergo a process called curing, where oligomers are cross-linked upon exposure to light, forming what is known as a network polymer. The result of photo-curing is the formation of a thermoset network of polymers. One of the advantages of photo-curing is that it can be done selectively using high energy light sources, for example lasers, however, most systems are not readily activated by light, and in this case a photoinitiator is required. Photoinitiators are compounds that upon radiation of light decompose into reactive species that activate polymerization of specific functional groups on the oligomers. An example of a mixture that undergoes cross-linking when exposed to light is shown below. The mixture consists of monomeric styrene and oligomeric acrylates.
Most commonly, photopolymerized systems are typically cured through UV radiation, since ultraviolet light is more energetic. However, the development of dye-based photoinitiator systems have allowed for the use of visible light, having the potential advantages of being simpler and safer to handle. UV curing in industrial processes has greatly expanded over the past several decades. Many traditional thermally cured and solvent-based technologies can be replaced by photopolymerization technologies. The advantages of photopolymerization over thermally cured polymerization include higher rates of polymerization and environmental benefits from elimination of volatile organic solvents.
There are two general routes for photoinitiation: free radical and ionic. The general process involves doping a batch of neat polymer with small amounts of photoinitiator, followed by selective radiation of light, resulting in a highly cross-linked product. Many of these reactions do not require solvent which eliminates termination path via reaction of initiators with solvent and impurities, in addition to decreasing the overall cost.
Ionic mechanism
In ionic curing processes, an ionic photoinitiator is used to activate the functional group of the oligomers that are going to participate in cross-linking. Typically photopolymerization is a very selective process and it is crucial that the polymerization takes place only where it is desired to do so. In order to satisfy this, liquid neat oligomer can be doped with either anionic or cationic photoinitiators that will initiate polymerization only when radiated with light. Monomers, or functional groups, employed in cationic photopolymerization include: styrenic compounds, vinyl ethers, N-vinyl carbazoles, lactones, lactams, cyclic ethers, cyclic acetals, and cyclic siloxanes. The majority of ionic photoinitiators fall under the cationic class; anionic photoinitiators are considerably less investigated. There are several classes of cationic initiators, including onium salts, organometallic compounds and pyridinium salts. As mentioned earlier, one of the drawbacks of the photoinitiators used for photopolymerization is that they tend to absorb in the short UV region. Photosensitizers, or chromophores, that absorb in a much longer wavelength region can be employed to excite the photoinitiators through an energy transfer. Other modifications to these types of systems are free radical assisted cationic polymerization. In this case, a free radical is formed from another species in solution that reacts with the photoinitiator in order to start polymerization. Although there are a diverse group of compounds activated by cationic photoinitiators, the compounds that find most industrial uses contain epoxides, oxetanes, and vinyl ethers. One of the advantages to using cationic photopolymerization is that once the polymerization has begun it is no longer sensitive to oxygen and does not require an inert atmosphere to perform well.
Photolysis
M = Monomer
Cationic photoinitiators
The proposed mechanism for cationic photopolymerization begins with the photoexcitation of the initiator. Once excited, both homolytic cleavage and dissociation of a counter anion takes place, generating a cationic radical (R), an aryl radical (R') and an unaltered counter anion (X). The abstraction of a lewis acid by the cationic radical produces a very weakly bound hydrogen and a free radical. The acid is further deprotonated by the anion (X) in solution, generating a lewis acid with the starting anion (X) as a counter ion. It is thought that the acidic proton generated is what ultimately initiates the polymerization.
Onium salts
Since their discovery in the 1970s aryl onium salts, more specifically iodonium and sulfonium salts, have received much attention and have found many industrial applications. Other less common onium salts include ammonium and phosphonium salts.
A typical onium compound used as a photoinitiator contains two or three arene groups for iodonium and sulfonium respectively. Onium salts generally absorb short wavelength light in the UV region spanning from 225300 nm. One characteristic that is crucial to the performance of the onium photoinitiators is that the counter anion is non-nucleophilic. Since the Brønsted acid generated during the initiation step is considered the active initiator for polymerization, there is a termination route where the counter ion of the acid could act as the nucleophile instead of a functional groups on the oligomer. Common counter anions include , , and . There is an indirect relationship between the size of the counter ion and percent conversion.
Organometallic
Although less common, transition metal complexes can act as cationic photoinitiators as well. In general, the mechanism is more simplistic than the onium ions previously described. Most photoinitiators of this class consist of a metal salt with a non-nucleophilic counter anion. For example, ferrocinium salts have received much attention for commercial applications. The absorption band for ferrocinium salt derivatives are in a much longer, and sometimes visible, region. Upon radiation the metal center loses one or more ligands and these are replaced by functional groups that begin the polymerization. One of the drawbacks of this method is a greater sensitivity to oxygen. There are also several organometallic anionic photoinitiators which react through a similar mechanism. For the anionic case, excitation of a metal center is followed by either heterolytic bond cleavage or electron transfer generating the active anionic initiator.
Pyridinium salts
Generally pyridinium photoinitiators are N-substituted pyridine derivatives, with a positive charge placed on the nitrogen. The counter ion is in most cases a non-nucleophilic anion. Upon radiation, homolytic bond cleavage takes place generating a pyridinium cationic radical and a neutral free radical. In most cases, a hydrogen atom is abstracted from the oligomer by the pyridinium radical. The free radical generated from the hydrogen abstraction is then terminated by the free radical in solution. This results in a strong pyridinium acid that can initiate polymerization.
Free radical mechanism
Nowadays, most radical photopolymerization pathways are based on addition reactions of carbon double bonds in acrylates or methacrylates, and these pathways are widely employed in photolithography and stereolithography.
Before the free radical nature of certain polymerizations was determined, certain monomers were observed to polymerize when exposed to light. The first to demonstrate the photoinduced free radical chain reaction of vinyl bromide was Ivan Ostromislensky, a Russian chemist who also studied the polymerization of synthetic rubber. Subsequently, many compounds were found to become dissociated by light and found immediate use as photoinitiators in the polymerization industry.
In the free radical mechanism of radiation curable systems, light absorbed by a photoinitiator generates free-radicals which induce cross-linking reactions of a mixture of functionalized oligomers and monomers to generate the cured film
Photocurable materials that form through the free-radical mechanism undergo chain-growth polymerization, which includes three basic steps: initiation, chain propagation, and chain termination. The three steps are depicted in the scheme below, where R• represents the radical that forms upon interaction with radiation during initiation, and M is a monomer. The active monomer that is formed is then propagated to create growing polymeric chain radicals. In photocurable materials the propagation step involves reactions of the chain radicals with reactive double bonds of the prepolymers or oligomers. The termination reaction usually proceeds through combination, in which two chain radicals are joined, or through disproportionation, which occurs when an atom (typically hydrogen) is transferred from one radical chain to another resulting in two polymeric chains.
Initiation
Propagation
{RM^\bullet} + M_\mathit{n} -> RM^\bullet_{\mathit{n}+1}
Termination
combination
{RM^\bullet_\mathit{n}} + {^\bullet M_\mathit{m}R} -> RM_\mathit{n}M_\mathit{m}R
disproportionation
{RM^\bullet_\mathit{n}} + {^\bullet M_\mathit{m}R} -> {RM_\mathit{n}} + M_\mathit{m}R
Most composites that cure through radical chain growth contain a diverse mixture of oligomers and monomers with functionality that can range from 2-8 and molecular weights from 500 to 3000. In general, monomers with higher functionality result in a tighter crosslinking density of the finished material. Typically these oligomers and monomers alone do not absorb sufficient energy for the commercial light sources used, therefore photoinitiators are included.
Free-radical photoinitiators
There are two types of free-radical photoinitators: A two component system where the radical is generated through abstraction of a hydrogen atom from a donor compound (also called co-initiator), and a one-component system where two radicals are generated by cleavage. Examples of each type of free-radical photoinitiator is shown below.
Benzophenone, xanthones, and quinones are examples of abstraction type photoinitiators, with common donor compounds being aliphatic amines. The resulting R• species from the donor compound becomes the initiator for the free radical polymerization process, while the radical resulting from the starting photoinitiator (benzophenone in the example shown above) is typically unreactive.
Benzoin ethers, Acetophenones, Benzoyl Oximes, and Acylphosphines are some examples of cleavage-type photoinitiators. Cleavage readily occurs for the species, giving two radicals upon absorption of light, and both radicals generated can typically initiate polymerization. Cleavage type photoinitiators do not require a co-initiator, such as aliphatic amines. This can be beneficial since amines are also effective chain transfer species. Chain-transfer processes reduce the chain length and ultimately the crosslink density of the resulting film.
Oligomers and monomers
The properties of a photocured material, such as flexibility, adhesion, and chemical resistance, are provided by the functionalized oligomers present in the photocurable composite. Oligomers are typically epoxides, urethanes, polyethers, or polyesters, each of which provide specific properties to the resulting material. Each of these oligomers are typically functionalized by an acrylate. An example shown below is an epoxy oligomer that has been functionalized by acrylic acid. Acrylated epoxies are useful as coatings on metallic substrates and result in glossy hard coatings. Acrylated urethane oligomers are typically abrasion resistant, tough, and flexible, making ideal coatings for floors, paper, printing plates, and packaging materials. Acrylated polyethers and polyesters result in very hard solvent resistant films, however, polyethers are prone to UV degradation and therefore are rarely used in UV curable material. Often formulations are composed of several types of oligomers to achieve the desirable properties for a material.
The monomers used in radiation curable systems help control the speed of cure, crosslink density, final surface properties of the film, and viscosity of the resin. Examples of monomers include styrene, N-Vinylpyrrolidone, and acrylates. Styrene is a low cost monomer and provides a fast cure, N-vinylpyrrolidone results in a material that is highly flexible when cured and has low toxicity, and acrylates are highly reactive, allowing for rapid cure rates, and are highly versatile with monomer functionality ranging from monofunctional to tetrafunctional. Like oligomers, several types of monomers can be employed to achieve the desired properties of the final material.
Applications
Photopolymerization has wide-ranging applications, from imaging to biomedical uses.
Dentistry
Dentistry is one field in which free radical photopolymers have found wide usage as adhesives, sealant composites, and protective coatings. These dental composites are based on a camphorquinone photoinitiator and a matrix containing methacrylate oligomers with inorganic fillers such as silicon dioxide. Resin cements are utilized in luting cast ceramic, full porcelain, and veneer restorations that are thin or translucent, which permits visible light penetration in order to polymerize the cement. Light-activated cements may be radiolucent and are usually provided in various shades since they are utilized in esthetically demanding situations.
Conventional halogen bulbs, argon lasers and xenon arc lights are currently used in clinical practice. A new technological approach for curing light-activated oral biomaterials using a light curing unit (LCU) is based on blue light-emitting diodes (LED). The main benefits of LED LCU technology are the long lifetime of LED LCUs (several thousand hours), no need for filters or a cooling fan, and virtually no decrease of light output over the lifetime of the unit, resulting in consistent and high quality curing. Simple depth of cure experiments on dental composites cured with LED technology show promising results.
Medical uses
Photocurable adhesives are also used in the production of catheters, hearing aids, surgical masks, medical filters, and blood analysis sensors. Photopolymers have also been explored for uses in drug delivery, tissue engineering and cell encapsulation systems. Photopolymerization processes for these applications are being developed to be carried out in vivo or ex vivo. In vivo photopolymerization would provide the advantages of production and implantation with minimal invasive surgery. Ex vivo photopolymerization would allow for fabrication of complex matrices and versatility of formulation. Although photopolymers show promise for a wide range of new biomedical applications, biocompatibility with photopolymeric materials must still be addressed and developed.
3D printing
Stereolithography, digital imaging, and 3D inkjet printing are just a few 3D printing technologies that make use of photopolymerization pathways. 3D printing usually utilizes CAD-CAM software, which creates a 3D computer model to be translated into a 3D plastic object. The image is cut in slices; each slice is then reconstructed through radiation curing of the liquid polymer, converting the image into a solid object. Photopolymers used in 3D imaging processes require sufficient cross-linking and should ideally be designed to have minimal volume shrinkage upon polymerization in order to avoid distortion of the solid object. Common monomers utilized for 3D imaging include multifunctional acrylates and methacrylates, often combined with a non-polymeric component in order to reduce volume shrinkage. A competing composite mixture of epoxide resins with cationic photoinitiators is becoming increasingly used since their volume shrinkage upon ring-opening polymerization is significantly below those of acrylates and methacrylates. Free-radical and cationic polymerizations composed of both epoxide and acrylate monomers have also been employed, gaining the high rate of polymerization from the acrylic monomer, and better mechanical properties from the epoxy matrix.
Photoresists
Photoresists are coatings, or oligomers, that are deposited on a surface and are designed to change properties upon irradiation of light. These changes either polymerize the liquid oligomers into insoluble cross-linked network polymers or decompose the already solid polymers into liquid products. Polymers that form networks during photopolymerization are referred to as negative resist. Conversely, polymers that decompose during photopolymerization are referred to as positive resists. Both positive and negative resists have found many applications including the design and production of micro-fabricated chips. The ability to pattern the resist using a focused light source has driven the field of photolithography.
Negative resists
As mentioned, negative resists are photopolymers that become insoluble upon exposure to radiation. They have found a variety of commercial applications, especially in the area of designing and printing small chips for electronics. A characteristic found in most negative tone resists is the presence of multifunctional branches on the polymers used. Radiation of the polymers in the presence of an initiator results in the formation of a chemically resistant network polymer. A common functional group used in negative resists is epoxy functional groups. An example of a widely used polymer of this class is SU-8. SU-8 was one of the first polymers used in this field, and found applications in wire board printing. In the presence of a cationic photoinitiator photopolymer, SU-8 forms networks with other polymers in solution. Basic scheme shown below.
SU-8 is an example of an intramolecular photopolymerization forming a matrix of cross-linked material. Negative resists can also be made using co-polymerization. In the event that two different monomers, or oligomers, are in solution with multiple functionalities, it is possible for the two to polymerize and form a less soluble polymer.
Manufacturers also use light curing systems in OEM assembly applications such as specialty electronics or medical device applications.
Positive resists
Exposure of a positive resist to radiation changes the chemical structure such that it becomes a liquid or more soluble. These changes in chemical structure are often rooted in the cleavage of specific linkers in the polymer. Once irradiated, the "decomposed" polymers can be washed away using a developer solvent leaving behind the polymer that was not exposed to light. This type of technology allows the production of very fine stencils for applications such as microelectronics. In order to have these types of qualities, positive resists utilize polymers with labile linkers in their back bone that can be cleaved upon irradiation, or use a photo-generated acid to hydrolyze bonds in the polymer. A polymer that decomposes upon irradiation to a liquid or more soluble product is referred to as a positive tone resist. Common functional groups that can be hydrolyzed by a photo-generated acid catalyst include polycarbonates and polyesters.
Fine printing
Photopolymers can be used to generate printing plates, which are then pressed onto paper-like metal type. This is often used in modern fine printing to achieve the effect of embossing (or the more subtly three-dimensional effect of letterpress printing) from designs created on a computer without needing to engrave designs into metal or cast metal type. It is often used for business cards.
Repairing leaks
Industrial facilities are utilizing light-activated resin as a sealant for leaks and cracks. Some light-activated resins have unique properties that make them ideal as a pipe repair product. These resins cure rapidly on any wet or dry surface.
Fishing
Light-activated resins recently gained a foothold with fly tiers as a way to create custom flies in a short period of time, with very little clean up involved.
Floor refinishing
Light-activated resins have found a place in floor refinishing applications, offering an instant return to service not available with any other chemical due to the need to cure at ambient temperatures. Because of application constraints, these coatings are exclusively UV cured with portable equipment containing high intensity discharge lamps. Such UV coatings are now commercially available for a variety of substrates, such as wood, vinyl composition tile and concrete, replacing traditional polyurethanes for wood refinishing and low durability acrylics for VCT.
Environment Pollution
Washing the polymer plates after they have been exposed to ultra-violet light may result in monomers entering the sewer system, eventually adding to the plastic content of the oceans. Current water purification installations are not able to remove monomer molecules from sewer water. Some monomers, such as styrene, are toxic or carcinogenic.
References
Polymers
Photochemistry
Adhesives | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photopolymer |
On Stage is the fourth album by singer-songwriter duo Loggins and Messina, released in 1974. As their first live album, it was released as a double album and featured a side-long version of their hit song "Vahevala".
Track listing
Sides shown are for the original dual-record vinyl released by Columbia records in 1974. The CD release is also a double-disc set; the first disc consists of sides No. 1 and No. 2, and the second contains sides No. 3 and No. 4.
Side #1
"House at Pooh Corner" (Kenny Loggins) – 2:40 (lead singer: Kenny Loggins)
"Danny's Song" (Loggins) – 3:55 (lead singer: Kenny Loggins)
"You Could Break My Heart" (Loggins) – 3:06 (lead singer: Kenny Loggins)
"Lady of My Heart" (Loggins) – 1:50 (lead singer: Kenny Loggins)
"Long Tail Cat" (Loggins) – 3:23 (lead singer: Kenny Loggins)
"Listen to a Country Song" (Jim Messina, Al Garth) – 2:33 (lead singer: Jim Messina)
"Holiday Hotel" (Messina, Garth) – 2:08 (lead singer: Jim Messina)
Side #2
"Just Before the News" (Messina) – 1:08 (instrumental)
"Angry Eyes" (Loggins, Messina) – 10:06 (lead singers: Kenny Loggins, Jim Messina)
"Golden Ribbons" (Messina) – 5:57 (lead singers: Jim Messina, Kenny Loggins, Larry Sims, Al Garth)
"Another Road" (Loggins) – 2:22 (lead singer: Kenny Loggins)
Side #3
"Vahevala" (Dan Loggins, Dann Lottermoser) – 21:00 (lead singer: Kenny Loggins)
Side #4
"Back to Georgia" (Loggins) – 2:59 (lead singer: Kenny Loggins)
"Trilogy – 12:12: Lovin' Me (Messina, Murray MacLeod) (lead singer: Jim Messina), To Make a Woman Feel Wanted (Loggins, Messina) (lead singers: Kenny Loggins, Jim Messina), Peace of Mind" (Messina) (lead singer: Kenny Loggins)
"Your Mama Don't Dance" (Loggins, Messina) – 3:02 (lead singers: Jim Messina, Kenny Loggins)
"Nobody But You" (Messina) – 4:32 (lead singer: Jim Messina)
Personnel
Kenny Loggins – vocals, rhythm guitar, acoustic guitar, harmonica
Jim Messina – vocals, lead guitar, acoustic guitar, mandolin
Merel Bregante – drums, backing vocals
Jon Clarke – flute, tenor saxophone, baritone saxophone, percussion
Al Garth – violin, tenor saxophone, recorder, alto saxophone, percussion
Larry Sims – bass guitar, backing vocals
Production
Producer: Jim Messina
Engineers: Alex Kazanegras and John Fiore
Mastering: Vic Anesini
Photography: Ed Caraeff, David Gahr, Bob Jenkins, Jim Marshall, Ellen Wolff, Frank Zinn, Jenny Messina
Artwork: Ron Coro, Ron Jaramillo
Graphic design: Rev. Richard White
Liner notes: Ellen Wolff
Recording locations: Winterland, San Francisco, April 28,29, 1972; Carnegie Hall, New York, March 1,2, 1973; Orpheum Theatre, Boston, March 4, 1973.
Charts
Album – Billboard (United States)
References
External links
Loggins and Messina albums
1974 live albums
Albums produced by Jim Messina (musician)
Columbia Records live albums
Albums recorded at Carnegie Hall
Albums produced by Kenny Loggins | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On%20Stage%20%28Loggins%20and%20Messina%20album%29 |
was a Japanese feudal lord of the late Sengoku and early Edo periods. He held the title of Bingo no Kami and the Imperial court rank of junior 5th, lower grade (ju-go i no ge). Though he began as a retainer of Tsutsui Sadatsugu of Yamato Province, he became a lord in his own right, acquiring the 60,000 koku Shimabara Domain in Kyushu, in 1600. He is most famous for being the lord whose domain was the center of the Shimabara Rebellion of 1638.
Early life
Matsukura Shigemasa was born in 1574 in Yamato Province, the son of Matsukura Ukon Shigenobu, a retainer of the Tsutsui clan. However, following the death of Tsutsui Junkei, the Tsutsui clan was moved to Iga Province, and the Matsukura remained in Yamato, coming under the supervision of the Toyotomi clan. In 1600 he fought in the Battle of Sekigahara, and for his merits was awarded lordship of Gojo-Futami Castle by Tokugawa Ieyasu. For his meritorious actions in the Tokugawa army at the Domyoji front of the Osaka Summer Campaign, he was awarded an increase in stipend and was transferred in 1616 to Hinoe in Hizen Province, a 43,000 koku domain formerly belonging to Arima Harunobu.
Overtaxation and persecution
In 1618, as per the Ikkoku-ichijō (一国一城, "One Castle Per Province") order established by the Tokugawa shogunate, Shigemasa dismantled his two castles of Hara and Hinoe, and began construction on the new Shimabara Castle (also known as the Matsutake Castle). The castle was on a scale much grander than the domain could afford and so Shigemasa taxed the commoners beyond belief, with the price of the castle construction resulting in twice the amount that the domain could reasonably afford.
In 1621, persecutions of Christians began, with mutilation and branding being practices ordered by the ever-tightening restrictions of the shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu. In Shimabara, the Matsukura clan tortured Christians by boiling them alive in the infamous Unzen Volcanic Springs, beginning in 1627. In 1629, Shigemasa approached the Nagasaki magistrate, Takenaka Danjo no Sho Shigeyoshi, and offered to do the same for all Christians in Nagasaki. Takenaka agreed.
Plans for Luzon
Subsequently, Shigemasa had hopes of further hampering the safety of Christians by attacking Luzon, in the Philippines. To this end he further taxed his citizens. While the Tokugawa Shogunate did not entirely approve of his iron rule, it did approve, albeit quietly, of his desire for a foreign expedition.
Death and succession
Before Shigemasa could make good on his plans, he died at the Obama Hot Springs in 1630. Some believe he was poisoned by the Shogunate for having unnecessarily pushed his citizens too hard, but the truth remains unclear. The family headship was passed on to his son Matsukura Katsuie, but as Katsuie continued his father's draconian measures, the peasants and masterless samurai within the domain revolted, igniting the Shimabara Rebellion. The Matsukura family came to an end when Katsuie was beheaded by Shogunal order, and the Shogunate placed the domain under the care of Mori Nagatsugu (lord of the Tsuyama Domain of Mimasaka Province), before passing it on to the Koriki family, which was transferred in from Hamamatsu, in Tōtōmi Province.
References
List of the genealogies of ruling families of the Shimabara domain
Background on Shimabara Castle
1574 births
1630 deaths
Tozama daimyo | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsukura%20Shigemasa |
Overcome by Happiness is the debut studio album by American indie rock band Pernice Brothers, released on May 19, 1998 by Sub Pop.
Track listing
References
Pernice Brothers albums
1998 debut albums
Sub Pop albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overcome%20by%20Happiness |
The Valves were a punk rock band from Edinburgh, Scotland. One of the early British punk bands, they were chronicled in Henrik Poulsen's book 77: The Year of Punk and New Wave, and featured Dave Robertson as 'Dee Robot' on vocals, G. Dair / Teddy Dair a.k.a. Gordon Dair on drums, Gordon Scott or 'Pada' on bass guitar and Ronnie Mackinnon on guitar.
The Valves released three singles and then broke up in 1979. They reformed for a one-off gig in Edinburgh 21 December 2013. In 2015, Ronnie, Pada and Gordon joined up with Joe Donkin, of The Cheetahs and Gordon Mackinnon, on keyboards. They are currently touring under The Valves name, playing material from the Valves, the Cheetahs and new material. Dave/Dee now lives in Belgium. In 2020, they self released a retrospective LP, entitled Better Late... of material from 1977/78 and live versions of the singles from the reunion gig.
Members
Dee Robot (Dave Robertson) - vocals
Ronnie (Ronnie Mackinnon) - guitar
Pada (Gordon Scott) - bass
G.Dair / Teddy (Gordon Dair) - drums (died 2022)
Joe Donkin - vocals
G.Mac / Gogsmac (Gordon Mackinnon) - keyboards
Discography
Albums
Better Late... (Portobello Record Company - PORTY001 - 13 March 2020)
Singles
"Robot Love" / "For Adolfs Only" (Zoom - September 1977)
"Ain't No Surf in Portobello" / "Tarzan of the Kings Road" (Zoom - December 1977)
"It Don't Mean Nothing at All" / "Linda Vindaloo" (Albion - June 1979)
References
External links
Collection of (mostly bad) reviews of The Valves
The Valves official homepage
TheValvesOriginal Facebook
Gordon Dair recordings
Scottish punk rock groups
Musical groups from Edinburgh | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Valves |
Theodoros "Theo" Paphitis (; born 24 September 1959) is a Greek-Cypriot British retail magnate and entrepreneur. He is best known for his appearances on the BBC business programme Dragons' Den and as former chairman of Millwall Football Club.
Paphitis has made the majority of his fortune in the retail sector. In 2006, he sold his equity stake in the lingerie brand La Senza for a reported £100 million. He is the owner of stationery chain Ryman, the homewares specialist Robert Dyas and lingerie retailer Boux Avenue.
According to The Sunday Times Rich List in 2020, Paphitis is worth £290 million.
In May 2018, Solent University in Southampton named Paphitis as their new Chancellor.
Paphitis was inaugurated as the university's Chancellor on 11 October 2018. He will serve a minimum of three years. Paphitis succeeded Lord West of Spithead.
Early life
Paphitis was born on 24 September 1959 in Limassol, British Cyprus, present-day Republic of Cyprus. He is the second of three brothers, with elder brother Marinos and younger brother George. They also share two half-brothers. Paphitis first lived in Old Trafford in Greater Manchester when his family arrived in the UK from Cyprus. His father then bought a terraced house in Gorton, Manchester where he lived for three years, attending Peacock Street junior school in the area. Paphitis moved to London with his parents and Marinos when he was nine years old.
Paphitis attended Ambler Primary School in Islington and Woodberry Down Comprehensive School in Manor House, where he battled with dyslexia, but began his entrepreneurial activities by running the school's tuck shop at the age of 15.
Career
Business
Paphitis took a job as a tea boy and filing clerk at a City of London insurance broker. Wanting more money, he discovered his passion for retailing and sales when at 18 he worked as a sales assistant for Watches of Switzerland in Bond Street.
Aged 21, he joined Legal & General selling commercial mortgages, which taught him to read other businesses' balance sheets.
Aged 23, he set up a property finance company with close friend and business associate Mark Moran, and kept going when the friend left in partnership with Hanover Druce, making his first money on the rise of the 1980s commercial property markets. Spotting the rise in mobile telephones, he bought into NAG Telecom, becoming chairman alongside fellow director Tony Kleanthous. Paphitis gained a large market share for NAG by negotiating concessionary positions in Ryman stationery stores.
When Ryman went bankrupt, Paphitis approached the administrators and bought the company. He turned it around by improving relations with suppliers, and enthusing the management team, cementing his reputation for turning failing companies into highly successful and profitable businesses. His ventures now include Ryman, Robert Dyas and Boux Avenue. He sold Red Letter Days with fellow Dragons' Den businessman Peter Jones. In 2006, he sold his equity stake in the UK and EU segment of the global lingerie brand, La Senza, for a reported £100m.
In 2008, Paphitis was one of several interested parties in bidding for failed retail chain Woolworths. However, he later pulled out because of unrealistic numbers quoted by the administrators.
In March 2011, Paphitis set up a lingerie chain, Boux Avenue, which has 30 UK stores.
In July 2012, he bought the hardware retailer Robert Dyas, saying: "It is a business which fits well with my investment criteria."
In 2017, Paphitis acquired London Graphic Centre, a specialist arts and stationery retailer based in London's Covent Garden. Paphitis launched the Theo Paphitis Art Prize in 2022.
Football
As chairman from 1997, Paphitis took Millwall out of administration and on to the 2004 FA Cup Final at the Millennium Stadium. He is perhaps best known for his work to reduce football hooliganism, and appointing as Millwall manager Dennis Wise, and together they guided the club to their first official appearance in the final of the FA Cup and European football. After almost eight years at the helm of Millwall, Paphitis stepped down from his role as chairman in 2005.
Paphitis is a director and part-owner of Isthmian League side Walton & Hersham. Paphitis' other companies became sponsors of the League's cup competitions with Robert Dyas sponsoring cup tournaments. Boux Avenue became title sponsor of the Boux Avenue Women's Cup.
Television
After appearing on series four of the BBC Back to the Floor series while chairman at Millwall FC, Paphitis was approached to become one of the "dragons" in the second series of the BBC Two entrepreneurship series Dragons' Den in 2005 and left the programme after series 10 in 2012.
Paphitis was known as a straight-talking but approachable and sincere 'dragon' who made many investments on the show, both alone and jointly with other dragon investors. In February 2013, he announced that he would be leaving the show.
In 2010, Paphitis had a three-part television series on BBC Two called Theo's Adventure Capitalists. The series followed British businesses looking to enter new markets in Brazil, India and Vietnam. The series was supported by the Open University.
In 2011, Paphitis presented the seven-part BBC Two series called Britain's Next Big Thing. The series examined the stories of artists, scientists, manufacturers and brand owners looking to sell their products and services to UK retailers including Boots and Liberty.
After time away from television to concentrate on business, Paphitis returned with appearances on BBC's Question Time and ITV's The Agenda. In March 2014, he appeared in Famous, Rich and Hungry, a two-part BBC documentary series which aimed to promote awareness of British people living in poverty, and raise money for Sport Relief.
In September 2019, Paphitis returned to the seventeenth series of Dragons' Den for four episodes, stepping-in for Touker Suleyman, who had been recovering from a short-term illness. In June 2021, Paphitis once again returned to Dragons' Den, this time for its eighteenth series, for three episodes as a replacement for Peter Jones, due to him self isolating from COVID-19.
Personal life
Paphitis lives with his wife Debbie in Weybridge, Surrey. They have two sons and three daughters, including twins, and eight grandchildren.
Paphitis attributes his success to his natural common sense, and his favourite motto is a famous business school motto: "KISS: Keep It Simple, Stupid". He has said, "There are three reasons to be in business. To make money, to have fun, and to make money."
Paphitis' car collection has a series of personalised number plates, including RYM4N on his Maybach.
Paphitis has been criticised for some of his views on women. In 2008, Kira Cochrane of The Guardian newspaper criticised him for saying that although women may refuse to take maternity leave, "their brains turn to mush" after the pregnancy and "they take three months off".
Paphitis voted for Brexit in 2016, describing the EU as a "failed experiment".
References
External links
Official website
The Founder – student newspaper interview
1959 births
Living people
Cypriot emigrants to England
English people of Greek Cypriot descent
Businesspeople from London
Millwall F.C. directors and chairmen
People from Limassol
People with dyslexia
People from Islington (district)
British Eurosceptics
Cypriot people with disabilities
British people with disabilities | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theo%20Paphitis |
Comet in Moominland (Swedish: Kometjakten / Mumintrollet på kometjakt / Kometen kommer) is the second in Finnish author Tove Jansson's series of Moomin books. Published in 1946, it marks the first appearance of several main characters, such as Snufkin and the Snork Maiden.
The English translation, published in 1951, is a translation of the first version of Jansson's book, which she was later to revise. The revised version was published in 1968. It contains a number of minor differences; for instance, the Silk Monkey character is changed to a kitten.
Plot summary
The story begins a few weeks after the events of The Moomins and the Great Flood, as the Moomin family are settling into their new life in Moominvalley. Sniff, who is now living with the Moomins, discovers a mysterious path in a nearby forest. As he and Moomintroll explore it, they meet the mischievous Silk Monkey and arrive at a beach, where Moomintroll goes pearl-fishing. Meanwhile, Sniff and the Silk Monkey find a cave, and the three decide to hide Moomintroll's pearls there.
The next day, as they go back to the cave, they find the pearls arranged in the shape of a star with a tail. Back at Moominhouse, the Muskrat, a philosopher whose home was ruined by Moominpappa's bridge-building and who is now staying with them, explains that the pearls depict a comet. He directs Moomintroll to the Observatory on the Lonely Mountains, where the Professors would be able to tell him whether the comet will hit the Earth.
Moomintroll and Sniff set sail towards the Lonely Mountains, and on the way they meet Snufkin, who joins them. The river takes them into a cave under the mountains where they almost fall into a hole, but at the last moment a Hemulen inadvertently rescues them when he mistakes Snufkin's harmonica-playing for a rare caterpillar and reaches his butterfly net into the cave to catch it. They find themselves in the Lonely Mountains and set off towards the Observatory. On the way they are attacked by an eagle and Moomintroll finds a gold ring, which Snufkin tells him belongs to the Snork Maiden he had met a few months earlier.
At the Observatory, one of the professors tells them that the comet is going to hit the Earth, and gives them the exact date and time that it's going to happen. Realising they only have a few days left, they hurry back towards Moominvalley, noticing that the heat from the comet's approach is starting to dry up smaller streams. In a forest they come across the Snork Maiden being attacked by a poisonous bush. Moomintroll saves her, and she and her brother join them. Further on, they arrive at the sea to find it all dried up. They use stilts to cross it, and the Snork Maiden saves Moomintroll from a giant octopus.
On the other side of the sea they meet another Hemulen, and manage to survive a tornado by using his dress as a glider. Finally they arrive in Moominvalley and the whole family, together with the Hemulen, the Muskrat and the Snorks, go to the cave, making it there just in time to seek shelter from the comet. Believing the impact to have destroyed everything, they fall asleep, only to discover the next morning, to their great delight, that the comet had missed the Earth altogether and everything is back the way it used to be.
Revised versions
Jansson's first version of the novel was published in Swedish in 1946, and was the basis for some translations, including the English translation. Jansson later revised the book, and made numerous changes in her final version, published in 1968. The updated 1968 version, which became the basis for many subsequent translations, contains numerous minor and several major edits and revisions, which include:
Several scenes have been removed, notably passages thought to have been too frightful to younger readers, such as the crocodiles' attack (and its illustration), as well as the parts which painted Snufkin as a thief; the updated Snufkin is purely a care-free wanderer,
The Kitten replaces the Monkey of the original version; he has a very different personality, and has fewer, different interactions with Moomintroll and with Sniff (who desperately wants to befriend him in the updated novel),
Several illustrations are drawn anew in the updated edition, to improve their appearance and match Jansson's evolved style; others, such as the Kitten, are added,
References to the flood from Jansson's first novel about the Moomins have been removed,
References to actual places (e.g. Mexico) and religious figures (e.g. Moses) have been removed,
The descriptions of environment and nature have been updated in several passages to resemble Finland,
Some of the characters' personalities have been updated, keeping them overall gentler to one another,
Sniff's personality is slightly toned down in the updated edition, making him a little less obnoxious and greedy; however, his secret jealousy of Moomintroll is slightly emphasized,
Moomintroll's and Sniff's friendship is built up; in the end, it is Sniff who attempts to find the Kitten, while Moomintroll runs out to rescue him,
The comet actually endangers Moominvalley and leaves visible damage to the rocks and the ground, as well as scattered meteorites, which the Moomins collect as they observe the return of the sea.
Other versions
Jansson wrote and illustrated a black-and-white comic strip version for newspapers. The 86-day story does not follow the book's plot; for example, the Moomins get their news from a radio, not a trip to the observatory, and Little My appears throughout the story, albeit often observing. In this version the comet hits Moominvalley dead on, laying the landscape bare. Right away, however, flowers bloom, and life begins again.
The novel has been adapted into animation several times, including the 1978 series Mumi-troll, the 1992 feature Tanoshii Mūmin Ikka: Mūmindani no Suisei, and 12 episodes of the stop-motion animated 1977–1982 Polish TV series, The Moomins (the storyline of which was based on Jansson's preferred 1968 revision of the novel, which had also been the basis of its Polish translation). The episodes of the stop-motion series were remastered, re-recorded with a full voice cast, and edited into the 2010 compilation movie Moomins and the Comet Chase.
References
External links
The Moomin Trove
Description of the novel and its revisions on the official Moomin website
1946 children's books
1946 fantasy novels
1946 speculative fiction novels
Fiction about comets
20th-century Finnish novels
Novels about impact events
Moomin books
Swedish-language novels
1946 Finnish novels
Children's books about natural disasters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet%20in%20Moominland |
The 20th Artistic Gymnastics World Championships were held in Fort Worth, United States, in 1979. In November 1977 the 55th FIG Congress, held in Rome, changed the cycle of world championships: since 1979 they were to be held each two years, and the pre-Olympic ones were to be qualifications for the Olympic tournament. The first 12 teams in the team competition of the 1979 World Championships were invited to participate in the 1980 Summer Olympics.
These were the first World Championships in artistic gymnastics to be held outside of Europe, and the first that China competed at since 1962 following a 1978 vote in which the International Gymnastics Federation voted to accept the People's Republic of China as a member.
Results
Men
Team final
The Soviet Union's first-place finish made them the first team since 1960 to beat Japan at an Olympics or World Championships. The United States' bronze medal was their first team medal and best result yet.
All-around
Floor exercise
Pommel horse
Rings
Vault
Parallel bars
Horizontal bar
Women
Team final
All-around
Vault
Uneven bars
Balance beam
Floor exercise
Medals
References
World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
1979 in gymnastics
1979 in American sports
International gymnastics competitions hosted by the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979%20World%20Artistic%20Gymnastics%20Championships |
was a Japanese video game developer and publisher founded in 1983. The company produced games for a number of platforms, including home consoles, portable consoles, and personal computers. Human declared bankruptcy in 2000 and disbanded. Its former members went on to form new companies including Nude Maker, Sandlot, Spike, and Grasshopper Manufacture.
The company is known for originating the popular Fire Pro Wrestling series, as well as other sports games such as Formation Soccer and Final Match Tennis, and racing video games such as Human Grand Prix and Fastest 1. They are also known for developing the first music rhythm video game, Dance Aerobics (1987), the 3D open world game Mizzurna Falls (1998), and some early horror games including the Twilight Syndrome and Clock Tower series.
History
On November 1, 1999, Human Corporation began to negotiate restructure with Tokyo Hachiōji district court over the approximately 4 billion yen outstanding debt. As part of the deal, the game creator school subsidiary was to be transferred. At the same time, the rights of Fire Pro Wrestling series, Twilight Syndrome series, Bakusou Dekotora series went to Spike Co., Ltd.
In January 2000, Human Corporation declared bankruptcy for failing to negotiate for a restructuring deal over the 3.79 billion yen (as of November 1999) outstanding debt.
Former Human members went on to form different development teams including Nude Maker, Sandlot, and Spike, and notable member Goichi Suda formed his own company, Grasshopper Manufacture, with former members.
Games
Developed by Human Entertainment
Arcade
Front Row (unreleased)
Mad Dancing (unreleased)
Grand Striker - Human Cup (released 1993)
Blazing Tornado (released 1994)
Grand Striker 2 (released 1996)
Famicom Disk System
The Mysterious Murasame Castle (released 1986)
Game Boy
HAL Wrestling (released 1990)
SD Gundam Gaiden: Lacroan Heroes (released on October 6, 1990)
Nintendo Entertainment System
Adventures of Gilligan's Island
Athletic World
Dance Aerobics
Egypt
Exciting Rally: World Rally Championship
Gyrodine
Kabuki: Quantum Fighter
Kamen Rider Black
Karakuri Kengoden Musashi Lord: Karakuri Jin Hashiru!
Meimon! Daisan Yakyuubu
Monster Party
Motocross Champion
Venus Wars
Stadium Events
SD Gundam World Gachapon Senshi 2 - Capsule Senki
Super Team Games
Top Rider
Nintendo 64
Air Boarder 64 (released March 27, 1998)
F1 Pole Position 64 (released October 15, 1997)
PC Engine
F1 Triple Battle (released 1989)
Fire Pro Wrestling Combination Tag (released June 22, 1989)
Fire Pro Wrestling 2nd Bout (released August 30, 1991)
Fire Pro Wrestling 3: Legend Bout (released 1992)
Fire Pro Women-ALL WOMEN VS JWP (released 1995)
Final Match Tennis (released 1991)
Formation Soccer-Human Cup 90 (released 1990)
FORMATION SOCCER ON J LEAGUE (released 1994)
FORMATION SOCCER '95 DELLA SERIE A (released 1995)
Human Sports Festival (released 1992)
NEO METAL FANTASY (released 1992)
Space Battleship Yamato “Cinemalize Simulation Game” (released December 1992)
Vasteel (released 1990)
Vasteel 2 (released 1994)
PC (Windows)
Clock Tower ~The First Fear~ (released March 28, 1997)
The Conveni: Ano Machi wo Dokusen Seyo (released April 26, 1996)
The Conveni III: Ano Machi wo Dokusen Seyo (released April 19, 2002)
The Conveni III: Ano Machi wo Dokusen Seyo - Popular Edition (released June 24, 2004)
The Conveni Pack: Ano Machi wo Dokusen Seyo + Power Up Kit (released April 24, 2003)
The Marugoto (released December 7, 2001)
PlayStation
Bakuso Dekotora Densetsu: Art Truck Battle (released June 24, 1998)
Clock Tower ~The First Fear~ (released July 17, 1997)
Clock Tower (released December 13, 1996 as Clock Tower 2)
Clock Tower II: The Struggle Within (released March 12, 1998 as Clock Tower: Ghost Head)
The Conveni: Ano Machi o Dokusen Seyo (released March 28, 1997)
The Conveni 2: Zenkoku Chain Tenkai da! (released December 18, 1997)
The Conveni Special (released March 12, 1998)
Fire Pro Wrestling G (released 2000)
Formation Soccer '97: The Road to France (released June 27, 1997)
Formation Soccer '98: Ganbare Nippon in France (released June 4, 1998)
Hyper Final Match Tennis (released March 22, 1996)
Hyper Formation Soccer (released October 13, 1995)
Mikagura Shōjo Tanteidan (released September 17, 1998)
Mizzurna Falls (released December 23, 1998)
Moonlight Syndrome (released October 9, 1997)
Neko Zamurai (released March 4, 1999)
Remote Control Dandy (released July 22, 1999)
Twilight Syndrome: Search (released March 1, 1996)
Twilight Syndrome: Investigation (released July 19, 1996)
The Firemen 2: Pete & Danny (released December 22, 1995)
Vanguard Bandits (released July 30, 1998)
Zoku Mikagura Shōjo Tanteidan ~Kanketsuhen~ (released October 7, 1999)
Sega Saturn
The Conveni: Ano Machi wo Dokusen Seyo (released March 20, 1997)
The Conveni 2: Zenkoku Chain Tenkai da! (released March 12, 1998)
Fire Pro Wrestling S: 6 Men Scramble (released December 27, 1996)
Sega CD
Bari-Arm (Android Assault)
Sega Mega Drive (Genesis)
Fastest 1
Thunder Pro Wrestling Retsuden
Ultraman (released 1993)
Super NES (Super Famicom)
Clock Tower (released September 14, 1995)
Dragon's Earth (released December 30, 1992)
Dream Basketball: Dunk & Hoop
F1 Pole Position
F1 Pole Position 2
Human Grand Prix III: F1 Triple Battle
Human Grand Prix IV: F1 Dream Battle
SOS (also known as Septentrion) (released June 1, 1994)
Super Final Match Tennis (released August 12, 1994)
Super Fire Pro Wrestling X (released December 22, 1995)
Super Fire Pro Wrestling X Premium (released March 29, 1996)
Super Fire Pro Wrestling: Queen's Special
Super Soccer
Super Formation Soccer II
Super Formation Soccer 94
Super Formation Soccer 95: della Serie A
Super Formation Soccer 96: World Club Edition
Taekwon-Do (released June 28, 1994)
The Firemen (released September 9, 1994)
Waku Waku Ski Wonder Spur
TurboGrafx-16/Duo/PC Engine
Far The Earth no Jakoutei: Neo Metal Fantasy (released 1992)
Final Match Tennis (released March 17, 1991)
Formation Soccer: Human Cup '90 (released April 27, 1990)
Formation Soccer on J-League (released January 15, 1994)
Formation Soccer 95: della Serie A (released April 7, 1995)
Vasteel (released 1992)
WonderSwan
Clock Tower (released December 9, 1999)
Published by Human Entertainment
Arcade
Mad Dancing (released 1992)
Grand Striker - Human Cup (released 1993)
Blazing Tornado (released 1994)
Grand Striker 2 (released 1996)
Dreamcast
Fire Pro Wrestling D (released March 6, 2001)
Game Boy
Chacha-Maru Boukenki 3: Abyss no Tou (released August 2, 1991)
Chacha-Maru Panic (released April 19, 1991)
HAL Wrestling (released 1990)
Nintendo 64
Air Boarder 64 (released March 27, 1998)
Human Grand Prix: The New Generation
TurboGrafx-16/Duo/PC Engine
Fire Pro Wrestling Combination Tag (released June 22, 1989)
Final Match Tennis (released March 17, 1991)
Fire Pro Wrestling 2nd Bout (released August 30, 1991)
Vasteel (released 1992)
Far The Earth no Jakoutei: Neo Metal Fantasy (released 1992)
Laplace no Ma (March 30, 1993)
Vasteel 2 (released 1994)
PC (Windows)
Clock Tower ~The First Fear~ (released March 28, 1997)
The Marugoto (released December 7, 2001)
PlayStation
Bakusou Dekotora Densetsu: Art Truck Battle (released June 24, 1998)
Blue Breaker: Ken yori mo Hohoemi o (released 1997)
Clock Tower ~The First Fear~ (released July 17, 1997)
Clock Tower (released December 13, 1996 as Clock Tower 2)
Clock Tower II: The Struggle Within (released March 12, 1998 as Clock Tower: Ghost Head)
Fire Pro Wrestling G (released 2000)
Formation Soccer '97: The Road to France
Hyper Final Match Tennis (released March 22, 1996)
Mikagura Shōjo Tanteidan (released September 17, 1998)
Mizzurna Falls (released December 23, 1998)
Moonlight Syndrome (released October 9, 1997)
Neko Zamurai (released March 4, 1999)
Remote Control Dandy (released July 22, 1999)
Septentrion: Out of the Blue (released March 11, 1999)
Sound Qube (released March 12, 1998)
The Conveni: Ano Machi wo Dokusen Seyo (released March 28, 1997)
The Conveni 2: Zenkoku Chain Tenkai da! (released December 18, 1997)
The Conveni Special (released March 12, 1998)
Twilight Syndrome: Search (released March 1, 1996)
Twilight Syndrome: Investigation (released July 19, 1996)
Vanguard Bandits (released July 30, 1998)
Zoku Mikagura Shōjo Tanteidan ~Kanketsuhen~ (released October 7, 1999)
Saturn
2TaxGold (released January 17, 1997)
Fire Pro Gaiden: Blazing Tornado (released 1995)
Fire Pro Wrestling S: 6 Men Scramble (released December 27, 1996)
Sound Qube (released April 2, 1998)
The Conveni: Ano Machi wo Dokusen Seyo (released February 20, 1997)
The Conveni 2: Zenkoku Chain Tenkai da! (released March 12, 1998)
Super NES
Clock Tower (released September 14, 1995)
Dragon's Earth (released December 30, 1992)
Dream Basketball: Dunk & Hoop
F1 Pole Position
Human Baseball
Super Fire Pro Wrestling 3 Final Bout
The Firemen (released September 9, 1994)
Laplace no Ma (released 1993)
Super Final Match Tennis (released August 12, 1994)
Super Fire Pro Wrestling X (released December 22, 1995)
Super Fire Pro Wrestling X Premium (released March 29, 1996)
SOS (released May 28, 1993)
Tadaima Yuusha Boshuuchuu Okawari (released November 25, 1994)
Taekwon-Do (released June 28, 1994)
WonderSwan
Bakusou Dekotora Densetsu (released December 22, 1999)
Clock Tower (released December 9, 1999)
References
External links
via Internet Archive
Human Entertainment at MobyGames
Japanese companies established in 1983
Companies that have filed for bankruptcy in Japan
Defunct video game companies of Japan
Video game companies disestablished in 2000
Video game companies established in 1983
Video game development companies
Video game publishers
Japanese companies disestablished in 2000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20Entertainment |
The Headsman (aka Shadow of the Sword, Au. Henker) is a 2005 film directed by Simon Aeby. Set in early 16th century Tyrol, it is set before the background of the turmoils of the Lutheran Reformation. It was filmed in Austria and Hungary.
Plot
The Headsman tells a story of loyalty tested by two friends during Europe's 16th-century Inquisition. Orphans Martin (Nikolaj Coster-Waldau) and Georg (Peter McDonald) bond as children, but walk very different paths as adults. Georg follows his calling to join the church, while Martin becomes an army captain. When fate places Martin in the role of executioner, he must choose between friendship and fundamentalist doctrine.
Cast
Nikolaj Coster-Waldau as Martin
Peter McDonald as Georg
Anastasia Griffith as Anna
Steven Berkoff as Inquisitor
Eddie Marsan as Fabio
Julie Cox as Margaretha
John Shrapnel as Archbishop
Lee Ingleby as Bernhard
Patrick Godfrey as Bertram
Joe Mason as Jakob
Awards
Montréal World Film Festival - 2005
Nominated for the Grand Prix des Amériques award.
References
External links
2005 films
2005 drama films
Fiction set in the 1540s
Films set in 16th-century Holy Roman Empire
Films shot in Austria
Films shot in Hungary
British drama films
2000s English-language films
2000s British films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Headsman |
Sumba is the southernmost village of the Faroe Islands, located on the island of Suðuroy. It is located in Sumbiar Municipality.
Municipality
The municipality has 342 inhabitants (as of March 2023). 254 of these people live in Sumba. The other villages in the Municipality of Sumba are: Lopra (76 inhabitants), Akrar (12 inhabitants), and formerly Víkarbyrgi (0 inhabitants).
Sumba is known for several things, including the high bird cliff of Beinisvørð and the local practice of Faroese chain dancing. They are very good dancers and have a long tradition for singing long songs along with the chain dance. Poul F. Joensen (born 1898 - died 1970) is one of the most famous Faroese poets; he was born in Sumba and grew up there. Later he got married and moved to Froðba.
Residents of the village are known as Sumbingar. The name Sumba or Sunnba is from the old name of the village which was Sunnbø/ba or Sunnbøur which means the southernmost village, but over the years misspellings by Danish rulers have led to the name Sumba. High mountains separate the village from the other settlements of the island. The village lies on the west coast as the only one on the island except from Fámjin.
Sumba is said to be one of the oldest villages in the Faroe Islands. Excavations have shown traces from people from the 7th century. Sumba is an impressive village in its natural setting.
The church in Sumba dates from 1887.
Sumba lies behind high mountains and it used to be difficult to reach in wintertime when the storms raged, but now there is a tunnel, which makes all transport much easier. Just outside the coast of Sumba is the islet of Sumbiarhólmur. In summertime men from Sumba take 7 or 8 rams out on the islet and collect them again in September. The rams gain much weight when they are grazing on Sumbiarhólmur, up to 30 pounds, and the meat gets much tastier according to the people from Sumba.
In 1997 a tunnel was bored through the mountains from Lopra to Sumba. This makes life easier for people in Sumba who work in Vágur or Tvøroyri.
South of Sumba, just above the village of Lopra, visitors encounter a fork in the road. One way leads to the old, but passable mountain road to Sumba, the other leads to the long tunnel through the mountain, which is the more direct route to Sumba. Visitors who take the mountain road can stop near the birds' cliff of Beinisvørð, which rises vertically 470 metres above the sea. From the top, there are views over the sea, rocks and sea stacks far below. It is possible to climb Beinisvørð from the rear of the cliffs even if it is pretty steep.
In 1975 a part of the top of Beinisvørð fell into the sea.
The people from Sumba used to catch birds on Beinisvørð; some men have lost their lives because of it.
Sports in Sumba
Sumba had a sports club, Sunnbiar Ítróttarfelag, which was a football club and a rowing club. The football club played mostly in the second best division, but in 1990 they were promoted to the best division, where they played for one year and then they got relegated. In 2005 Sumba and VB Vágur merged into VB/Sumba, which changed their name into FC Suðuroy in 2010. The football field is used as a solar park from 2019.
The sports club of Sumba had two rowing boats, which competed in the rowing competitions which are held around the islands every summer, seven events all together. Sunnbingur is a 10-mannafar, which is the largest boat type which competes in these competitions, it was built in 1957 and participated from that year until 1965. They won several races and even sat a Faroese record. The other boat is called Broddur, it is a 5-mannafar, the current boat was built in 1974, and it is no longer in use for the FM races (FM is short for Føroya Meistari, which means Faroese Champion). It was however used in a local rowing race in Sumba in May 2012, when they arranged a festival where they opened a new museum with stuffed Faroese birds and historical items, they had art exhibitions, concerts, hiking trips, boat trips and a rowing competition in the sound between Sumba village and the islet Sumbiarhólmur just outside the village. The current is quite strong there so rowing is not easy, but two of three boats managed to complete the race.
Gallery
See also
List of towns in the Faroe Islands
References
In Place: Spatial and Social Order in a Faroe Islands Community, by Dennis Gaffin .
External links
Webshots gallery with photos from Sumba
Municipalities of the Faroe Islands
Populated places in the Faroe Islands
Populated coastal places in the Faroe Islands
Suðuroy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumba%2C%20Faroe%20Islands |
Victor Chinedu Anichebe (born 23 April 1988) is a Nigerian former professional footballer who played as a forward.
Early life
Anichebe was born in Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria but moved to Liverpool, Merseyside, England aged one. His family originally lived in Toxteth before settling in Crosby. He is the cousin of former professional football player Iffy Onuora, Olympian Anyika Onuora and professional basketball player Chiz Onuora. He is also an Olympic silver medallist, competing for Nigeria in the 2008 Olympics.
In March 2009, Anichebe received an apology from Cheshire Police when he was confronted for looking in a jeweller's window in Knutsford and his friend Lee Peltier of Liverpool handcuffed. Anichebe was on crutches due to injury at the time, and believed that the police took action because the pair are black.
Club career
Everton
Anichebe made his reserve-team debut for Everton as a 15-year-old and his first-team debut less than two years later on 27 February 2006, as a substitute in the 89th minute of Everton's FA Cup fourth round tie against Chelsea, replacing Simon Davies. He signed his first professional contract with Everton, a two-year deal, in April 2006. On 7 May 2006, he scored his first Premier League goal, against West Bromwich Albion. He was awarded Everton's Reserve Player of the Season for the 2005–06 season.
Anichebe scored his first two Premier League goals of the 2006–07 campaign in a 3–0 win against Newcastle United on 30 December 2006. His contract was extended by four years towards the end of the season as Everton qualified for the UEFA Cup. In the UEFA Cup, Anichebe scored four times, against Metalist Kharkiv, AE Larissa, 1. FC Nürnberg and Brann of Norway after coming on as a late second-half substitute in many of the matches. At the end of the season, he was voted by Everton fans as their Young Player of the Season.
On 22 February 2009, in a match against Newcastle United, a tackle from Kevin Nolan left Anichebe and unable to play for 11 months. Nolan, who received a straight red card for the foul, later settled out of court when Anichebe sued for loss of earnings. He returned to first team action in January 2010 in a 2–0 victory over Sunderland. His first goal on rejoining the squad came two months later in a 2–2 draw with Birmingham City. In January 2011, he signed a new four-and-a-half-year contract with Everton, along with teammate Séamus Coleman.
Anichebe suffered a groin injury while on international duty in September and did not play for the rest of 2011. He made his return as a second-half substitute on 1 January 2012, against West Bromwich Albion and scored in the 87th minute to give Everton a 1–0 away win. He continued his comeback by coming off the bench to score the equaliser in a 1–1 with Aston Villa on 14 January. Anichebe continued his goalscoring form by scoring his third goal of the season as a substitute in a 1–1 with Wigan Athletic on 4 February. His appearance also meant he became Everton's most used substitute in the history of the club, breaking Duncan Ferguson's old record of 82.
In his first Premier League start of the 2012–13 season, Anichebe scored the opening goal in a 3–0 win over Swansea City with a left-footed effort from close in. He then missed a number of games due to an hamstring injury, but returned in December to score a header to level the match against West Ham United at 1–1. Everton went on to win 2–1. He provided two assists during the festive season before scoring the winner against Newcastle United on 2 January 2013.
In February, Anichebe scored his first goal in the FA Cup of his Everton career against Oldham Athletic in a match which ended 2–2. In the second half of the season, he was used as Everton's main striker due to his impressive displays and the drop in form of Nikica Jelavić. In late March, Anichebe said he wanted to finish the season with a goal tally in double figures, but he finished with 8 goals from 32 matches, still the most he has scored in a single season in his career.
West Bromwich Albion
On 2 September 2013, Anichebe transferred to West Bromwich Albion in a deal which could rise to £6 million. On 2 February, Anichebe scored his second league goal against Liverpool to earn West Brom a point. On 11 February, he came on as a substitute and scored against Chelsea to earn West Brom a point.
On 18 May 2016, it was announced Anichebe and Stéphane Sessègnon would leave West Brom at the end of the 2015–16 season.
Sunderland
On 2 September 2016, Anichebe signed a one-year contract with Sunderland to play under manager David Moyes, the club's ninth signing of the summer. His first goal for the club came on 5 November 2016, when he scored in a 2–1 win against AFC Bournemouth, as Sunderland came from behind—with ten men—to secure their first win of the 2016–17 Premier League season. He followed that up in the next match, on 19 November 2016, when he scored two goals in a 3–0 home win against Hull City. His performances in November earned him a nomination for the PFA Fans Player of the Month award.
Beijing Enterprises Group
On 23 June 2017, Anichebe joined Chinese club Beijing Enterprises Group after he was released by Sunderland.
International career
Anichebe made his debut for Nigeria on 26 March 2008 in an Olympic games qualifying match against South Africa. Anichebe came off the substitutes' bench to score the final goal in a 3–0 victory for Nigeria. He made his first start for Nigeria alongside fellow Everton player Yakubu in a friendly against Austria on 27 May 2008 being replaced at half-time.
Anichebe was selected to represent Nigeria at the 2008 Summer Olympics. On 10 August 2008, he scored Nigeria's second goal in their match against Japan. Nigeria eventually reached the final, which they lost 1–0 to Argentina, with Anichebe receiving a silver medal.
Anichebe was not selected on the final 23-man roster for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa despite a good performance during a friendly against Saudi Arabia. He scored his first senior team goal in the March 2011 friendly against Kenya. Anichebe suffered a groin injury during a 2012 African Cup of Nations qualifying match against Madagascar in September 2011, with Nigeria head coach Samson Siasia blaming the poor pitch. The Super Eagles won the match 2–0 but would miss out on qualification for the tournament one month later, with the injured Anichebe unable to take part in the deciding group match against Guinea.
In October 2012, Anichebe announced he was focusing on his form for club side Everton, rather than on earning a return to the Nigerian team. He was subsequently omitted from the squad for the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations, a tournament which Nigeria won. In May 2013, Anichebe temporarily retired from international football to concentrate on his club career. However, he said he would return to international football in the future.
Career statistics
Club
International
Scores and results list Nigeria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Anichebe goal.
References
External links
1988 births
Living people
People from Crosby, Merseyside
Sportspeople from the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton
Footballers from Merseyside
Footballers from Lagos
Footballers from Liverpool
Nigerian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Nigeria men's international footballers
Everton F.C. players
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
Sunderland A.F.C. players
Beijing Sport University F.C. players
Footballers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Nigerian emigrants to the United Kingdom
Olympic footballers for Nigeria
Olympic silver medalists for Nigeria
Premier League players
China League One players
Nigerian expatriate men's footballers
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in China
Expatriate men's footballers in China
English sportspeople of Nigerian descent
Olympic medalists in football
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Anichebe |
Hutton Grammar School is a voluntary aided ie state-funded Church of England comprehensive day school for boys, with a co-educational Sixth Form. It is located south west of Preston, Lancashire, in Hutton, England. It provides education for boys from the age of 11 to 16, and in the Sixth Form (since 1979) for both boys and girls. The school no longer offers boarding. The school is ranked 5th in the league tables in the North-West and 2nd place for AS-A2 results. It was also the Lancashire Rugby School of the Year, for two years running, for 2007 and 2008. Hutton has also achieved Specialist Schools Status accreditation in Mathematics and Computing.
History
The school can trace its antecedents back to 1517, with the school building site being personally approved by Henry VIII in that year. In 1520, the school was granted permission, by William Walton, a former priest of Longton, to all boys in the area. It was William's personal investment, to provide for his family and give the local children a chantry-school to attend.
In 1545, when William Walton, the co-founder of the chantry had died, Henry VIII, near to death, ordered the dissolution of all chantries and the confiscation of their property. The desired building, in Hutton, was, at the time, even though confirmed by Henry VIII, 28 years before, would be demolished if it was reported to be still standing. However, the man appointed to supervise the dissolution of the Lancashire chantries was Sir Henry Farington, a former benefactor of St. Andrews Church in Longton. He falsely reported that he could find no chantries in that part of the county, in order to save the demolition of various buildings in the area.
To avoid suspicion of using a chantry for a school, although the false statement was given, they started to use a small cottage down School Lane, in Longton to educate the local children.
In 1552, William's nephew Christopher Walton of Little Hoole, used a part of the original endowment to found the grammar school, down School Lane in Longton. According to the law at the time, a priest must be in charge of a school, traveling inspectors could have closed it down they saw that a commoner was in charge. Therefore, in 1554, Ralph Garstang, priest of St. Andrews Church, was appointed as the schoolmaster of the school.
For the next few centuries, from 1560 to 1746, it was known as Longton Free School. It was not until 1747 that the roles of schoolmaster and priest were finally disconnected, though many subsequent headmasters were also priests (vide infra). The school was then rebuilt, at Hutton on its present site, built on land that had been a part of William Walton's original grant. Henceforth, it became known as Hutton Grammar School (often the Free Grammar School according to many references) and, by 1891, it had become an all-boys school. In 1881 there were 22 boarders and 30 day boys, the 1901 census lists 35 boarders, the 1911 census lists 41 boarders. 165 boys were attending the school in 1922. In the 1950s and 1960s, there were 57 boarders in addition to the day boys. The boarding house closed in 1971
The original building, built around 1750 was extended in the late 19th Century. In the early 20th Century there were further extensions and additional buildings were added. In the 1920s a fine headmaster's house was built by Lt Col Reverend Charles P. Hines. A first floor was added to one extension in 1923, such was the demand for extra space. The indoor swimming pool was added by 1935. A large new block was opened in October 1931, consisting of a large assembly hall, 7 classrooms, laboratories and staff facilities, allowing pupil numbers to increase from 121 to 270 boys. This was extended in 1957 with the addition of a larger library, sixth form, chemistry laboratory and classrooms. This allowed 3 form entry and the number of pupils increased to 450, rising to over 500 by 1961. The original 18th Century school building had to be demolished and rebuilt in 1965. Some of the late 19th and early 20th-century buildings are still in use.
The School had an established House System with, by 1957, Breakell-Moss House, Henry Hibbert House, Hines House (to which all boarders belonged), Penwortham House, Rawstorne House and Walton House. The Houses were particularly competitive in inter-house school sports. The House system ceased in 1972.
Although now a comprehensive, the school to this day still retains its grammar school ethos, enabling it to produce results which are amongst the highest in the area. Sports such as rugby and cross-country running play a serious role at Hutton, with Hutton sometimes defeating local independent schools such as Arnold School, Kirkham Grammar School, Rossall School and Stonyhurst College.
List of Headmasters
1805. Rev Richard Rowe died on 13 June 1805, while headmaster.
1807. Rev Whitehead.
1839 to 1851. Rev William Harrison.
1851. Rev John Ketton, appointed May 1851.
1861. Rev John Ketton.
1871. Rev John Ketton.
1878. Rev Benjamin Corke Huntly M.A. Appointed November 1878, died age 46, while headmaster, on 9 May 1890.
1891. Rev Thomas Joseph Cunningham M.A.
1901. Rev Thomas Joseph Cunningham M.A.
1911. Rev Thomas Joseph Cunningham M.A.
1920 to 1938. Lieutenant Colonel Reverend Charles P. Hines.
1938 to 1951. Harold Henry Abbott, the poet.
1951 to 1963. Charles William Lloyd. Left upon appointment as headmaster at Alleyn's School.
1963 (Autumn term). Alfred E Ashburner, acting headmaster.
1964 to 1991. J Nelson.
1997. Gavin Armstrong.
2001. T.P. Bennett
2005. D Pearson, appointed April 2005.
2016. Mark Bradshaw, appointed April 2016.
2023. Nicola Moran, appointed January 2023.
Recent Reports
The main school received an Ofsted report in May 2022 and achieved the grade of "good".
Curriculum
Main School
The main school features students from Years 7 to 11. It combines GCSEs through the following subjects: English Language, English Literature, Mathematics, Modern Language, Sciences and Religion, with additional subjects, including History, Geography, Economics, Art, Design, Music and Theatre Arts.
Sixth Form
The school's Sixth form allows students to take a number of the following subjects: English Language & Literature, English Literature, French, German, Spanish, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, History, Geography, Economics, Business Studies, Information Technology, Computing, Religious Studies, Art, Music, Sports, Mathematics, Psychology, Law, General Studies, Drama and Dance.
The Sixth Form is a key part of the school and is a quasi-autonomous body within Hutton Grammar School.
Sports
The school offers more than 15 sports. The main sports at the school are rugby in the winter term and cricket in the summer term.
Former England rugby captain Steve Borthwick attended the school, as did fellow England international Tony Swift, and leading coach Brian Ashton taught at the school at the start of his coaching career.
Other sports offered include: athletics, Aussie rules, badminton, basketball, chess, cross country running, dance, football, Gaelic football, gymnastics, handball, hockey, swimming, table tennis, tennis, and volleyball.
Facilities
Under headmasters Tom Bennett and David Pearson the school was considerably redeveloped, with facilities such as a new gymnasium and I.T and Mathematics suites installed in 2004. The Music Department now has recording studios and technology suites.
In September 2005, new maths facilities were opened. Following the opening of the new maths suites in the Autumn of 2005, the buildings were used for housing of the resistant materials and art until the end of the academic year of 2006, while the departments were being refurbished.
The old buildings were demolished in the months of July and August 2006 and then in July 2006, the new music and drama suites were opened. Following a large interest in the Sixth Form, due to outstanding results, the Sixth Form was relocated to a new building in September 2010.
Extracurricular activities
Hutton has many internal and external organisations, one of these being the Old Huttonians Association which is open to all previous attendees of the school. The association organises dinners and reunions on a semi regular basis.
There is also a Masonic Lodge which meets at the school. Old Huttonian Lodge no. 7614 is part of the Leyland Group of Lodges and Chapters and meets 5 times a year. A member of the Federation of School Lodges, it draws membership from current and past teachers, past pupils and their close relatives.
The debating society won the national 'Debating Matters' competition at the Royal Society of Medicine, having never previously entered. The 2015 Hutton debating team won the Lancashire regional heat, which sent them through to the North West & North Wales regional final, which they went on to win. Hutton eventually lost out in the group stages of the national finals in June 2015. However, a year later, the 2016 cohort reached the final of the national finals, finishing runners up. It was the first time Hutton had reached the national finals in consecutive years.
The Hutton Grammar Economics Society is open to all present and past students of the school.
The school had its own radio station, Hutt on Air, which first broadcast on 9 July 2010 and was broadcast to the students (and sixth form) via the school computers and internal AVOID systems.
Notable former pupils
Steve Borthwick, former England rugby union captain, former head coach of Leicester Tigers and now head coach of England national rugby union men's team.
Brian Cookson OBE, former president of the International Cycling Union and British Cycling
Peter Elleray, Formula One and 24 Hours of Le Mans Racing car designer.
Edward Gardner, former Royal Navy Commander, survivor of two ship sinkings, barrister and later, a politician
Nigel Jemson, former Premier League footballer
Graham Mather represented Hampshire North and Oxford in the European Parliament from 1994 to 1999
Richard G. Mitchell Composer known for writing and producing movie and TV scores
Nazia Mogra, Children's TV presenter and senior television journalist
Jonathan Myles-Lea, painter
Howard Stableford, former presenter of the BBC's Tomorrow's World and Newsround
Tony Swift, former England Rugby international
David Williams, chief executive of the United Kingdom Space Agency since 2010 (formerly the British Nationals Space Centre)
References
External links
Hutton Grammar School website
EduBase
HGS Economics
1552 establishments in England
Schools in South Ribble
Boys' schools in Lancashire
Secondary schools in Lancashire
Educational institutions established in the 1550s
Church of England secondary schools in the Diocese of Blackburn
Voluntary aided schools in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutton%20Grammar%20School |
The Zbruch Idol, Sviatovid (Worldseer, , ) is a 9th-century sculpture, more precisely an example of a bałwan, and one of the few monuments of pre-Christian Slavic beliefs (according to another interpretation, it was created by the Kipchaks/Cumans). The pillar was commonly incorrectly associated with the Slavic deity Svetovit, although current opinions on the exact meaning of all the bas-reliefs and their symbols differ. It is thought that the three tiers of bas-relief represent the three levels of the world, from the bottom underworld, to the middle mortal world and the uppermost, largest, world of heavenly gods.
It is suggested that the sculpture was disposed of or was buried in a pit some time after the baptism of Kyivan Rus, and acceptance of Christianity in Poland in 966, like various buried idols in Kyiv and Novgorod. In the 19th century, when the Zbruch River (a left tributary of the Dniester) changed its bed, the area where the pillar was buried became submerged. It was discovered during a drought near the village of Lychkivtsi, just north of Husiatyn, in 1848. The statue is now on display in the Archaeological Museum of Kraków in Poland, with exact copies located in a number of museums.
Description
The Zbruch Idol is a four-sided pillar of grey limestone, in height, and has three tiers of reliefs engraved upon each of the four sides. The lower tier is ; the middle tier is ; and the top tier is . It is possible that during the 1848 excavation of the monument its lower layer was broken off and lost. The reliefs are in rather poor condition, though some traces of original polychrome were found in the 1960s. The reliefs depict the following characters:
Three sides of the lowest tier show a kneeling, bearded entity who appears to support the upper tier on his hands; the fourth side is blank.
The middle tier shows a smaller entity with extended arms on all four sides. Only one of four sides has an entity with a tiny "child" figure.
The four sides of the uppermost tier have the largest figures of the idol, with four faces united beneath a tall rounded hat. Each of the sides has a distinct attribute: a ring or a bracelet; a drinking horn, or horn of plenty; a sword and a horse; and an eroded solar symbol.
Discovery and controversy
The statue was discovered in August 1848 in the village of Lychkivtsi (Liczkowce) in Galicia (then in the Austrian Empire, now in Ukraine), during a drought that made the bottom of the river visible. The owner of the village, Konstanty Zaborowski, brother of the late poet, Tymon, donated it to Polish Count Mieczysław Potocki, who in 1850 reported it to the Kraków Scientific Society. It was also Potocki who first conjectured that the statue might represent Svetovid. Initially kept in the Library of the Jagiellonian University, in 1858 it was moved to the temporary exhibition of antiquities in the Lubomirski family palace and then to the headquarters of the Kraków Scientific Society. However, it was not until 1950 that it was placed on permanent exhibition. Since 1968 it has been kept in the Kraków Archaeological Museum.
Ever since the discovery of the monument there has been debate about what exactly the idol represents.
Andrei Sergeevich Famintsyn in his 1884 work "Ancient Slav Deities" argued against Lelewel's theory, and instead claimed that the Zbruch pillar is a representation of a single deity and that all four sides of each tier represented one entity. As was first suggested by Count Potocki, he identified the deity as a representation of the Slavic four-headed god Swiatowid, until then primarily associated with the island of Rügen, but now understood to be pan-Slavic. The reasoning was that historical sources mentioned the deity of Rügen as being kept in a wooden temple together with a sacred sword, a drinking horn and a horse. Famintsyn was also the first to recognize the three-tiered structure as being related to the three levels of the world, linking it to the Slavic deity Triglav.
The identification of the deity with Swiatowid was also supported by Gabriel Leńczyk, who was also the first to identify the eroded solar symbol on the side, previously believed to be without attributes. Another theory was presented by Henryk Łowmiański, who in his 1979 monograph on the religion of Slavs suggested that the idol was altogether non-Slavic, as it was made of stone, and not of wood, which was the basic construction material of the Slavs, but the legends of Swiatowid exist among all Slavic cultures nonetheless.
Boris Rybakov in his 1987 work Paganism of Ancient Rus argued that four sides of the top tier represent four different Slavic gods, two female and two male, with their corresponding middle-tier entities always of the opposite gender. In Rybakov's hypothesis, the male deity with the horse and sword is the Lightning god Perun, the female with the horn of plenty is Mokosh, the female with the ring is Lada, and the male deity with the solar symbol, above the empty underworld, is Dažbog, (the God of sunlight for whom the sun was not an object but an attribute, thus the symbol's position on his clothing rather than in his hand ). Further, Rybakov suggests the underworld deity as Veles.
Rybakov also claimed the side with the female figure holding a horn as the front of the idol, based on the bottom-tier figure, which is shown with legs as if seen from head-on, the two adjoining sides showing the legs from the side, and the fourth side left blank. Finally, Rybakov believes that the idol's overall phallic shape is meant to unite all of the smaller figures as a single overarching all seeing larger deity, Rod.
According to Aleksey Komar and Natalia Khamaiko (2011), the sculpture is a fake produced by Tymon Zaborowski, whose estate was located near the place where the statue was found.
Popular culture
A reproduction of the idol figures in the 2022 film The Northman.
References
Bibliography
Weigel. Bildwerke aus altslawischer Zeit. Archiw fur Anthropologie, 1882, Bd. XXI
Комар А., Хамайко Н. Збручский идол: памятник эпохи романтизма? // Ruthenica. Київ, 2011. Том X. C. 166–217.
Slavic mythology
Slavic paganism
Archaeological sites in Poland
Archaeological sites in Ukraine
9th-century artifacts
Archaeological discoveries in Ukraine
1848 archaeological discoveries
9th century in religion
9th-century sculptures
Drinking horns | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbruch%20Idol |
Mark Eitzel (born January 30, 1959) is an American musician, best known as a songwriter and lead singer of the San Francisco band American Music Club.
Biography
Eitzel spent his formative years in a military family living in Okinawa, Taiwan, Ohio and the United Kingdom. He moved to America in 1979, and came out as gay in 1985.
He started making music while he was a teenager in Southampton, England. His first band was a punk band called the Cowboys when he moved to Columbus, Ohio, at 19. They released one single in 1980. His second band was called The Naked Skinnies and they released one single in 1981. He moved to San Francisco with The Naked Skinnies in 1981 where they disbanded in 1982. Eitzel formed American Music Club (AMC) in San Francisco in 1982. The band performed and created albums for twelve years. At one point, Eitzel also sang with San Francisco's Toiling Midgets, and often recorded solo work while involved in AMC.
American Music Club disbanded in 1994, and Eitzel focused on his solo career, releasing 60 Watt Silver Lining in 1996. Also in 1996, Eitzel contributed to the AIDS benefit album Offbeat: A Red Hot Soundtrip produced by the Red Hot Organization. Following this, he released West in 1997, co-writing all of the songs with R.E.M. guitarist Peter Buck, with whom he also toured. He followed up with Caught in a Trap and I Can't Back out 'Cause I Love You Too Much, Baby, assisted by Steve Shelley of Sonic Youth and Yo La Tengo bass guitarist James McNew.
Eitzel released more music in 2001, beginning with a more electronic turn in The Invisible Man on Matador Records. This was followed by two covers projects in 2002: Music for Courage and Confidence, which was material written by other songwriters, and The Ugly American, an album which included reinterpretations of American Music Club songs performed with a band of traditional and non traditional Greek musicians.
American Music Club reformed in 2003 for a sold out show at the South Bank Centre in London. In the following year, they released Love Songs For Patriots and toured both the United States and Europe several times. The album received glowing reviews across the world. In 2008, the band line-up changed again and the band released The Golden Age which Uncut magazine said was their best since Mercury with a 5 star album of the month review.
Eitzel released a compilation album of electronic soundtrack material in 2005, Candy Ass. In 2009, Klamath was released on Decor Records. Uncut magazine said it was his best solo album yet. In 2010, the musical Marine Parade was premiered in the 2010 Brighton Festival. The musical was written by Simon Stephens and Eitzel wrote all of the music and used two of the songs from Klamath. It received good reviews. He also contributed a cover version of the Ira Gershwin song "'S Wonderful" to the soundtrack of Vidal Sassoon - The Movie. The film was directed by Craig Teper, and the soundtrack was produced by David Spelman. The soundtrack also included music by the post-rock chamber ensembles Clogs (featuring Padma Newsome and Bryce Dessner of The National), Redhooker, and the Arcade Fire side project Bell Orchestre. The film had its premiere at the 2010 Tribeca Film Festival.
In addition to the above albums, Eitzel has also released many mail order tour CDs, his most recent being the limited edition (500 copies) Brannan St., which is available at his concert dates and at the Decor records website. His eleventh solo studio album, Don’t Be a Stranger, was released in October 2012 on Merge Records and produced by Sheldon Gomberg.
Discography
With American Music Club
The Restless Stranger (Grifter, 1985)
Engine (Frontier, 1987)
California (Frontier, 1988)
United Kingdom (Demon, 1989)
Everclear (Alias, 1991)
Mercury (Reprise, 1993)
San Francisco (Reprise, 1994)
Love Songs for Patriots (Cooking Vinyl, 2004)
The Golden Age (Merge, 2008)
Atwater Afternoon (self-released, 2008)
Solo
Mean Mark Eitzel Gets Fat (self-released cassette, 1982)
Songs of Love (Diablo, 1991)
60 Watt Silver Lining (Warner Bros., 1996)
Lover's Leap USA (self-released, 1997)
Words and Music (1997)
West (Warner Bros., 1997)
Caught in a Trap and I Can't Back Out 'Cause I Love You Too Much, Baby (Matador, 1998)
Live on WFMU (self-released, 2001)
Superhits International (Demos 1999) (self-released, 2001)
The Invisible Man (Matador, 2001)
Music for Courage and Confidence (New West, 2002)
The Ugly American (Soul Sister/Tongue Master/Thirsty Ear, 2003)
Candy Ass (Cooking Vinyl, 2005)
Demos Before Love Songs (self-released, 2005)
Klamath (Decor, 2009)
Brannan Street (self-released, 2010)
Don't Be a Stranger (Merge, 2012)
Glory (self-released, 2013)
The Konk Sessions (self-released, 2013)
Hey Mr. Ferryman (Merge/Decor, 2017)
Copenhagen (self-released, 2017)
With Cowboys
"Supermarket"/"Teenage Life" 7" single (Tet Offensive, 1980)
With The Naked Skinnies
"All My Life"/"This Is the Beautiful Night" 7" single (Naked House, 1981)
With Toiling Midgets
Son (Matador, 1992)
In collaboration
Mark Eitzel & Peter Buck: Words + Music (Warner Bros., 1997)
References
External links
American Music Club official web site
Sean Body, Wish The World Away: Mark Eitzel and the American Music Club, SAF Publishing, Ltd. (April 1999), ,
1959 births
Living people
American rock singers
American male singer-songwriters
American rock songwriters
American LGBT musicians
LGBT people from California
Musicians from the San Francisco Bay Area
The Minus 5 members
Singer-songwriters from California
American Music Club members
Merge Records artists
Thirsty Ear Recordings artists
Cooking Vinyl artists
New West Records artists
Matador Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Eitzel |
is a 1995 Japanese anime television series. The Eto Rangers are based on the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac.
Summary
The Eto Rangers ride in Space-Time Transmitting Machine Kirinda to repair the Novel Worlds of Mugen. The Eto Rangers are anthropomorphic animals, each representing one of the 12 Chinese zodiac animals (and The Twelve Branches in Buddhism). In Japan, they are known as the Eto animals. The Novel Worlds are stories created by the human imagination, such as old folk tales as well as newer books. These living worlds play out repeatedly, and are necessary for the good of humanity. Princess Aura rules Mugen, which is an island continent hanging over an ocean from the skybound Novel Pole. The Great God Goal gives her power, but she may never leave the small palace island area. Their nemesis is the forgotten Spirit of the Cats, Nyanma (real name, Chocolat), who was excluded from the choice of 12 protectors by being disqualified from the race (in actual legend there are many versions of this story). She seeks her revenge by distorting Novel Worlds with Jyarei Monsters.
When a Jyarei Monster goes to a Novel World they alter the story, turning it into a different version, sometimes a parody of itself. Bakumaru, the Spirit of the Mice, must use the revealing mirror to reveal ("Jyarei Shouran!") the evil spirit once enough clues lead to its identity. Often, the Eto Rangers must play out some of the story to find out who or what it is, sometimes even taking on the role of one of the characters in the tale. After defeating the creature, Kirinda is called when Bakumaru holds up his hand with one of Aura's 12 gems on it and calls out "Daikourin Kirinda!" (Kirinda, Enter!) Kirinda descends from a dimensional slit and purifies the evil spirit with a beam weapon, calling out "Jouka!" (Purification).
Most of the episodes involve up to 5 Eto Rangers, chosen by the computer's roulette member selection, going into Novel Worlds to repair them, but there is another story going on as well. The Jyarei Monsters are commanded by Jyarei O Nyanma, the Queen of Evil-Spirited Monsters, sitting in her throne in the giant shell fortress in the seafloor ravine. Throughout the series, she is watching the progress of the Eto Rangers that foil her plans. She has a grudge toward Aura for a perceived slight years ago. She sends out four cat warriors created from herself as well. It is not until later in the series that the overall story, and the past, begins to be revealed in more detail.
Characters
Eto Rangers
(Rat)
The Leader and the Spirit of the Mice. Originally had fear of cats but eventually overcame it with the help of Gaō. Has a Jedi-Like Saber which he uses to kill the enemy (received on Momotaro's world in Episode 2) and the Revealing mirror to summon a teammate which is not involved in a mission or to reveal the Jyarei monster. In one mission where he was not included, He gave his mirror to Souffle in case they need to summon him. Has hidden affections for Cream.
(Ox)
The Spirit of the Bulls. He can turn into a fierce bull at will when he sees anything red or of a red hue. This is derived from the red capes that matadors use at bullfights.
(Tiger)
The Spirit of the Tigers. He has a special pair of shades which he uses to turn himself into a giant tiger by putting them on and shouting "Tora Tora Hai!" which means tiger tiger equip but that sounded awkward so creative licensing was exercised to make it "Tiger Tiger Transformation". He also helped Bakumaru overcome his fear of cats. He had a relationship with Chocolat before becoming an Eto Ranger.
(Rabbit)
The Spirit of the Rabbits. She has a magical carrot-shaped wand that can change hers or her teammate's costumes. One noticeable costume is a bunny-girl uniform. Has a crush on Bakumaru. Being a rabbit, she has good hearing, and can even hear if her teammates are in trouble from far away.
(Dragon)
The Spirit of the Dragons. He has a white cloud for personal transportation which he can expand for others to travel on as well and can turn into a giant dragon by counting to three in Mandarin and activating his special crystal ball somewhat like a ninja smoke bomb. He is also very intelligent, can command weather in normal or giant dragon form and while a giant dragon he can use his wings to conjure hurricanes and has various breath powers like fire and a purple breath similar to Spyro's convexity breath. He is one of the most powerful among the twelve.
(Snake)
The Spirit of the Snakes. He has telekinetic capabilities that basically function for the existence of invisible arms, 2 white gloves that serve as his hands and that he can levitate a bit above the ground rather than slither. He is persistent, wise and quite cunning.
(Horse)
The Spirit of the Horses. Enthusiastic most of the time and often makes comments on youth should or should not be. Armed with a Horse Shoe Boomerang. It's hinted he loves Souffle.
(Goat)
The Spirit of the Sheep. She has a magical compact that can automatically detect any metallic materials in the area. In one mission where Bakumaru was not included, Bakumaru gave his mirror to her in case they need him. In another mission (that is based on Hans Christian Andersen's The Little Mermaid), she devoted the story and decided not to let the little mermaid (as a human) being dissolved into a seafoam and protect her from harm in any way, although is hard for her to accept the sad ending of the story. Despite a love interest she developed in the third episode, it can be estimated that she has a secret love crush on Pakaracchi.
(Monkey)
The Spirit of the Monkeys. Fun loving and silly. He's good at imitating voices, climbing around and scratching his enemies. He and Pochiro seldom get along and he lacks any swimming abilities. He owns the Monkey See Monkey Do Voice Recorder.
(Rooster)
The Spirit of the Chickens. She Has a chicklet timer that in one episode turned her from her chicken form to a more human form, a parallel to the "beautiful swan transformation" story. She has since then stayed that way due to the fact she thought some of the boys were making fun of her form. However certain things like Bakumaru flashing his mirror and Pochiro kicking a soccer ball into her face, have been to temporarily reverted her humanoid face back into her beaked face. Due to Gao's bravery and sacrifice towards her, she developed feelings for him.
(Dog)
The Spirit of the Dogs. Values honor and is a bit hot-headed at times, this is one thing that causes fights between him and Monk. Armed with a bone-shaped stick which can stretch.
(Pig)
The youngest member who is sweet and always hungry and the Spirit of the Pigs. Releases a powerful energy burst whenever he cries.
Others
The protective ruler of Mugen. She serves the Great God Goal and speaks for him. She is the mentor of the Eto Rangers. She can send out powerful beams of energy or diffuse light. Nyanma seems to have known her and has something personal against her. Aura shows sadness toward her, even sympathy, which only infuriates Nyanma. (human)
The photojournalist and reporter of Mugen Times. Also a close friend of Princess Aura. He witnessed Chocolat became Nyanma, to which he is being attacked by the latter. He managed to get in touch with Princess Aura and succumbs due to his wounds. His soul was transferred and converted into a giant mechanical pegasus known as Kirinda. (reporter, griffin)
The giant mechanical pegasus which Eto Rangers use as their transport. When the Rangers subdue a Jyarei Monster, Bakumaru summons him to "purify" the monster and revert the Novel World back to its original state. (Ki-Rin mecha)
(Oversoul of Mugen)
Evil-Spirited Monsters
(Cat)
The dark cat mistress, she is queen of the Jyarei Monsters. She used to be , the Spirit of the Cats, who was excluded from the choice of 12 protectors by being disqualified from the race. She became Nyanma and seeks revenge by using Jarei Monsters to destroy the Novel Worlds. Nyanma has a grudge against Aura, and wants vengeance for a past offense. As Chocolat, she had a relationship with Gaō before becoming Nyanma.
(White cat)
(Black cat)
(Blue cat)
(Red cat)
(Evil God Bagi cat)
Nyanma's master, the true antagonist of the series. Bagi is the Jarei Monsters' leader and manipulated Chocolat into becoming Nyanma, it seeks to obliterate the Novel Worlds. Destroyed by the thirteen animals in the final episode.
Production
The series as chief directed by Kunitoshi Okajima at Shaft. Mayori Sekijima served as series composition writer, with Takeshi Ike and Osamu Totsuka composing the series' music; and Noritaka Suzuki designed the characters for animation. Several episodes were outsourced outside of Shaft: Big Bang handled episodes 3, 7, 15, and 21; Office AO handled episodes 9, 14, 20, 25, 31, 36; San Kikaku handled episodes 11 and 17; and Samtack handled episodes 24, 29, 35.
Episode list
Legacy
In 2020, the Eto Rangers appeared in the Korean mobile RPG Crusaders Quest as part of a collaboration.
Notes
References
External links
1995 anime television series debuts
1995 Japanese television series debuts
1996 Japanese television series endings
Chinese mythology in anime and manga
Comedy anime and manga
Fantasy anime and manga
Shaft (company)
NHK original programming | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juuni%20Senshi%20Bakuretsu%20Eto%20Ranger |
Camp Eggers was a United States military base in Kabul, Afghanistan located near the US Embassy and the Afghan Presidential Palace. The camp was named after Captain Daniel W. Eggers, a US soldier from the 1st Battalion, 3rd Special Forces Group (Airborne), Fort Bragg, North Carolina, who was killed by an improvised explosive device (IED) along with three other soldiers on 29 May 2004 near Kandahar. Camp Eggers closed in 2015 as a part of the partial withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016).
Overview
Camp Eggers was home to the Combined Forces Command - Afghanistan (CFC-A) and the Combined Security Transition Command - Afghanistan (CSTC-A). It was used by all U.S. military branches and the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF).
Noted personnel
Lt. Gen David Barno, first Commander of Combined Forces Command-Afghanistan
References
External links
Camp Eggers from Globalsecurity.org
Black sites
Military installations of the United States in Afghanistan
Military bases of Australia in Afghanistan
Military installations of New Zealand
Military installations of France in other countries
Military installations of Turkey
2014 disestablishments in Afghanistan
Military installations closed in 2014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp%20Eggers |
Sam Ratulangi International Airport Manado () , is located in North Sulawesi, north-east of Manado. The airport is named after the Minahasan educator and independence hero Sam Ratulangi (1890–1949). It is designated as one of the 11 main entry ports to Indonesia by the Ministry of Tourism and Culture of Indonesia, and serves as the main gateway to the Bunaken National Marine Park. It is currently the operating base of Lion Air / Wings Air for the north-eastern part of Indonesia, and is one of the focus cities of Garuda Indonesia and Citilink. This airport also serves several international destinations such as Singapore and Japan.
History
Sam Ratulangi Airport was originally built by the Japanese in 1942, with a runway length of and width of ; it was named Mapanget Airfield. When the Permesta (People's Movement) rebellion occurred, central government troops renamed this airport as Tugiman Airfield to commemorate Sergeant Major Tugiman, a soldier who died while fighting on Mapanget.
The airport was renamed to Mapanget Airfield because its existence at that time in Wanua Mapanget, Onderdistik Tatelu. Over time, there was a change in the mention of this airport into A. A. Maramis Airfield, as it was used as the name of the highway from the airport to Manado.
Finally, the airfield was renamed after Minahasan educator and revolutionary Sam Ratulangi.
In 1994, the airport was classified as class 1B, and the runway was extended to long and wide. With the expansion of this runway, the airport could accommodate larger aircraft types, like Airbus A300, Airbus A320, and DC-10.
As the government's efforts to develop the airport in 1990, Sam Ratulangi Airport is managed by PT. Angkasa Pura I (Persero) as a State-Owned Enterprise (SOE). With the aim to build the economy, providing low in expediting air transportation facilities. In an effort to anticipate the needs of air transport, so that made the development of Sam Ratulangi Airport Manado to build the airport facility development projects undertaken by Fasilitas Bandar Udara dan Keselamatan Penerbangan (FBUKP) and operated since end of 2000. The handover was taken operationally from DGCA to PT. Angkasa Pura I (Persero) on 18 December 2003.
Facilities
Cargo facilities
The cargo terminal has an annual capacity of , a warehouse, a bonded warehouse, a transit zone, a Free Port / Foreign Trade Zone, an EU border post, aircraft maintenance, mechanical handling, an animal quarantine, fresh meat inspection, livestock handling, health officials, security for valuables, dangerous goods, radioactive goods, very large/heavy cargo, and an express / courier centre.
Upgrades
Construction began in 1998. In 2001, the current terminal opened featuring 21 check-in counters, five gates, four air-bridges, two baggage claim belts, and an outdoor waving gallery on top of the 3-story terminal building. Its international passenger terminal may serve up to 183,000 passengers annually, while the domestic passenger terminal serves up to 1.3 million passengers per year. During peak hours the terminal may serve up to 2,816 passengers simultaneously. The aircraft parking apron can hold up to four wide body aircraft and eleven medium and small body aircraft.
A minor upgrade had been done prior to the World Ocean Conference and Coral Triangle Initiative Summit in May 2009. It was done in the area of the apron, international boarding lounge, CIP room, and car parking area. The apron currently has an area of , while the car park has space for 500 cars. The waiting lounge and gate for international departure and arrival are being expanded together with an additional aerobridge installation.
The terminal was upgraded from to . This project was officially finished in 2022, making the airport capable of serving 5.7 million passengers annually.
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
Ground transportation
Taxi
Plenty of metered-taxis such as Bluebird standby at the airport until the last flight of the day arrives.
Bus
Perum DAMRI operates buses from the airport to the city.
Statistics
Source: North Sulawesi Government Office of Transportation, Communication, and Information Systems
Accidents and incidents
16 February 1967 – Garuda Indonesia Flight 708, UPG-MDC, Lockheed L-188C Electra (PK-GLB), 22 of 84 passengers were killed (no fatalities among the eight crew members). Flight 708 departed Jakarta at 00:30 GMT on 15 February for a flight to Manado via Surabaya and Makassar. On the second leg of the flight, bad weather in Makassar forced the crew to return to Surabaya. The flight continued the next day to Makassar and on to Manado. The cloud base in Manado was with visibility. An approach to runway 18 was made, but after passing a hill above runway elevation and short of the threshold, the pilot realised he was too high and left of the centreline. The nose was lowered and the aircraft banked right to intercept the glide path. The speed decreased below the target threshold speed and the aircraft, still banked to the right, landed heavily short of the runway threshold. The undercarriage collapsed and the aircraft skidded and caught fire.
1974 – Douglas C-47A PK-ZDF of was written off in an accident. Date is variously reported as 4 April 6 April or 4 June.
7 January 1976 – Mandala Airlines, Vickers 806 Viscount (PK-RVK), no fatalities. Landing in slight intermittent rain, the aircraft touched down down the runway. The aircraft overran the runway, crossed a ditch and three drains before coming to rest past the end of the runway.
10 December 1982 – Bouraq Indonesia Airlines, Hawker Siddeley HS-748 (PK-IHI), no fatalities. The nose landing gear collapsed on landing, causing the aircraft to veer off the runway.
3 October 1986 – East Indonesia Air Taxi, MAL-MDC, Shorts SC.7 Skyvan (PK-ESC), all 10 passengers and 3 crew members were killed. Struck a mountain.
9 May 1991 – Merpati Nusantara Airlines 7533, TTE-MDC, Fokker F-27 Friendship (PK-MFD), all eight passengers and five crew members were killed when the aircraft crashed into a mountain.
On 1 January 2007, Adam Air Flight 574 was nearing Sulawesi, coming to Manado Airport from Juanda International Airport. The pilots of the Boeing 737-400 flew off course when their navigation system failed, eventually entering a storm near the island where they became spatially disoriented. The flight spiraled downwards rapidly and broke up, leading to the death of all 102 people on board.
References
External links
Sam Ratulangi International Airport — official website
NACO Airport Consultants: Preparation of master plans and implementation of the first development stages at Sam Ratulangi International airport (1994–2003)
Manado
Airports in North Sulawesi
Airports established in 1942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%20Ratulangi%20International%20Airport |
The Minister of the Interior and Health of Denmark () is a member of the Danish cabinet and the head of the Ministry of the Interior and Health.
After the 2007 Folketing elections, the ministry was disbanded, and its areas of responsibility divided between two newly created ministries, the Ministry of Welfare and the Ministry of Health and Prevention. With the announcement of the first Lars Løkke Rasmussen cabinet in 2009, the Ministry of Welfare was abolished and replaced by the Ministry of the Interior and Social Affairs, a de facto re-establishment of two old ministries. Only emancipation affairs were moved to the Ministry of Employment.
See also
List of Interior Ministers (Denmark)
External links
Official website of the Ministry of the Interior and Health
Interior and Health | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister%20of%20the%20Interior%20%28Denmark%29 |
MPAC or Mpac may refer to:
The Malaria Policy Advisory Committee
The Municipal Property Assessment Corporation, headquartered in Pickering, Ontario, Canada
The Muslim Public Affairs Council, headquartered in Los Angeles, California, United States
The Muslim Public Affairs Committee UK, headquartered in the United Kingdom
The Malawi Public Affairs Committee, a Muslim religious body in Malawi
The Metropolitan Performing Arts Center in Spokane, Washington, United States
The Manufacturers' Political Action Committee of the Illinois Manufacturers' Association
The Multi-purpose Attack Craft, a class of fast military assault boat by the Philippine Navy
See also
Mpack, Senegal, a border crossing with Guinea-Bissau
Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center (EMPAC)
Muslim American Public Affairs Council, headquartered in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
Modular Protection Automation & Control (MPAC), modular control buildings for substations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPAC |
Ciudad Constitución is a city in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. It is the seat of the municipality of Comondú. As of 2020, the city had a total population of 43,805 inhabitants. Ciudad Constitución is a small city which serves as a gateway to Magdalena Bay.
History
The colonization of Valle de Santo Domingo (Valley of Santo Domingo) originated around 1940. A ranch called El Crucero ("The Crossroad") was settled in a crossroad. Because of this, people started to gather around it and the population started to grow. It quickly became a commercial hub and an obligatory travel stop for all the inhabitants of Valle de Santo Domingo, as well as for people going north or south on the peninsula. Then, it became known as Villa Constitución, and later, Ciudad Constitución. Even today, many locals still call it "El Crucero". Every 5 February the city becomes the state's capital for one day. Since 1996, the Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Ciudad Constitución serves as a higher education institution.
Geography
Climate
Demographics
As of 2020, the city had a total population of 43,805 inhabitants. It is the fourth-largest community in the state (behind La Paz, Cabo San Lucas, and San José del Cabo,. Ciudad Constitución is a small city which serves as a gateway to Magdalena Bay. It is also close to the Baja 1000 course.
Economy
Ciudad Constitución's mainstay is the cultivation of wheat, chickpea, cotton, asparagus, citrus, and vegetables, among other crops. The city also has a dairy products processing plant (pasteurized milk, yogurt, fruit beverages): "Unión de Ejidos 20 de Noviembre". Ciudad Constitución has a few small hotels (Hotel El Conquistador, Hotel Conchita, Hotel Maribel, Hotel Ryal), supermarkets (Super Ley, Super Murillo), gas stations, travel agencies (Viajes Pedrín), etc.
The Mexican long distance area code for the municipalities of Comondú and Loreto is 613. Internet access is possible in cybercafes through the city's downtown, as well as by dial-up access from regular landlines. Communication with remote areas of Valle de Santo Domingo, nearby islands, and other remote regions of the municipality of Comondú is mainly possible by means of a local AM radio station (XEVSD 1440 kHz).
Transportation
For air travel, the city is served by the Ciudad Constitución Airport, which is a small airfield where two regional airlines provide service to Los Mochis and Ciudad Obregón. The airport also handles air taxi service. The city's nearest major airports are located in Loreto (Loreto International Airport), La Paz (Manuel Márquez de León International Airport) and San José del Cabo (Los Cabos International Airport). Small aircraft make use of local dirt runaways. Autotransportes Águila is a bus line which covers all the length of the Baja California Peninsula, mainly along Federal Highway 1 (also known as "Carretera Transpeninsular"), and has an office in Ciudad Constitución.
Notable people
Rogelio Martínez Santillán, politician who served in the Congress of Baja California Sur
Arturo de la Rosa Escalante, politician who served in the Chamber of Deputies
References
2010 census tables: INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática
External links
Google Earth
Comondú Municipality
Populated places in Baja California Sur
Municipality seats in Baja California Sur | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad%20Constituci%C3%B3n |
Cochem (before 7 June 2009 Cochem-Land) is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district Cochem-Zell, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is located around the town Cochem (also part of the Verbandsgemeinde since 7 June 2009), which is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde. On 1 July 2014 it was expanded with 6 municipalities from the former Verbandsgemeinde Treis-Karden. Since the 1 March 2018 Wolfgang Lambertz is the mayor of the Verbandsgemeinde Cochem.
Cochem consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):
{|
|valign=top|
Beilstein
Bremm
Briedern
Bruttig-Fankel
Cochem1, 2
Dohr
Ediger-Eller
Ellenz-Poltersdorf
Ernst
Faid
Greimersburg
Klotten
|valign=top|
Lieg
Lütz
Mesenich
Moselkern
Müden (Mosel)
Nehren
Pommern
Senheim
Treis-Karden
Valwig
Wirfus
|}
Verbandsgemeinde in Rhineland-Palatinate | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochem%20%28Verbandsgemeinde%29 |
The Episcopal Diocese of New York is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing three New York City boroughs and seven New York state counties. Established in 1785, it is one of the Episcopal Church's original dioceses. The current diocesan bishop is the Rt. Rev. Andrew Dietsche, whose seat is at the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine; the Rt. Rev. Matthew Heyd was consecrated as bishop coadjutor in 2023 and will succeed Dietsche as diocesan bishop in 2024.
Overview
The Diocese of New York contains approximately 190 places of worship in the New York City boroughs of Manhattan, the Bronx and Staten Island and the New York state counties of Dutchess, Orange, Putnam, Rockland, Sullivan, Ulster and Westchester. Beyond New York City, the diocese is divided into two regions (Region II and the Mid-Hudson Region), which are made up of geographical deaneries, each of which is known as a "clericus".
The diocese was established in 1785 after the Anglican Church was disestablished following the American Revolution, and is one of the nine original dioceses of the Episcopal Church. It is one of ten dioceses, plus the Convocation of Episcopal Churches in Europe, that make up Province 2.
The diocese is led by the Rt. Rev. Andrew Dietsche, 16th Bishop of New York, who is assisted by the Rt. Rev. Allen K. Shin as bishop suffragan and the Rt. Rev. Mary Glasspool as assistant bishop. Dietsche is expected to retire in 2024 and will be succeeded as diocesan bishop by the Rev. Matthew Heyd, currently rector of the Church of the Heavenly Rest in New York City.
The Bishop's seat is the Cathedral of St. John the Divine on Amsterdam Avenue in Manhattan, where the diocesan offices are also located. The national headquarters of the Episcopal Church are also located in the diocese, at 815 Second Avenue.
The diocese has approximately 50,000 members and 500 canonically resident priests.
History
Colonial and revolutionary period
Anglicanism in New York can be traced to the English acquisition of the territory from the Dutch Republic in the latter part of the 17th century. In 1664 the English king, Charles II, awarded the Province of New York to his brother, the Duke of York (later James II), and English rule over New York was firmly established by 1674. Initially, since James II was a Roman Catholic, little was done to promote the Church of England in New York, but in 1683 the New York Charter of Liberties and Privileges was adopted, guaranteeing religious tolerance and liberty, and, after the Glorious Revolution, the English monarchy actively promoted the growth of the Church of England in the province. In 1693 it became the province's established church, although certain accommodations were made for the Dutch Reformed Church.
In 1693, the first Anglican parish in New York, St. Peters Church, was founded in what was the town of Westchester (today Westchester Square in the Bronx) followed a year later by Trinity Church in lower Manhattan. With royal patronage and the assistance of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, other churches were founded in the ensuing decades, such as Grace Church (now Christ's Church) in Rye in 1705.
As Anglicanism grew in New York and throughout the American colonies, the Church of England began to see the need to establish an episcopate in the Americas. This plan caused fear among a number of colonists and may have contributed to the American Revolution. The Church's involvement in the creation of King's College (now Columbia University) and its large endowment, far surpassing all other colonial colleges of the period, added to the fear of creating an episcopacy and of Crown influence in America through the College.
During the Revolution, many thought that the Church harbored loyalties to George III. It has been estimated that as many as 90 percent of Anglican clergymen in the diocese remained loyal to the Crown during the revolution.
Post-revolutionary period
After the Revolution, the Church was disestablished and a number of prominent clergymen were imprisoned, including Samuel Seabury, rector of St. Peter’s in the Bronx, who later became the first Bishop of Connecticut.
After an act was passed in Parliament whereby the English bishops were empowered to confer the episcopate upon men who were not subject to the British Crown, Samuel Provoost was consecrated as the first Bishop of New York in 1787. Two years later, the Episcopal Church formally separated from the Church of England so that its clergy would not be required to take an oath of allegiance to the Crown.
The selection of Provoost served to mollify anti-Anglican sentiments that had arisen during the Revolution. In his Addresses on the History of the United States Senate, Senator Robert Byrd noted that in the years before the Revolution Provoost "was a passionate Whig, and his sympathy for the colonies against English rule did not sit well with his wealthy loyalist congregation. Before long, his patriotism cost him his parish. During the Revolution, Provoost ... narrowly escaped capture and death at the hands of the British". Having thus established his revolutionary credentials, Provoost was chosen as the first chaplain of the United States Senate in 1789, when the government was based in New York. Immediately following his inauguration as the first President of the United States, George Washington, together with members of Congress, proceeded to St. Paul's Chapel, where Provoost led a service of prayer for the new government.
Later history
In the 1830s and 1840s the Oxford Movement caused controversies and divisions within the diocese, as it did elsewhere within the Episcopal Church and the broader Anglican communion. In New York, the divisions crystallized in a dispute over the ordination of Arthur Carey. A graduate of the General Theological Seminary, Carey had been greatly influenced by the Tracts for the Times, and as his ordination approached, he was opposed by a number of clergy and laity. Benjamin Onderdonk and other presbyters conducted an examination of Carey, which ultimately found him fit for ordination, and he was thus ordained in 1843. The dispute did not end, however, and a number of letters were published accusing Carey and ultimately Onderdonk of being overly sympathetic to Roman Catholicism. The controversy spread beyond the diocese, and at least one other diocese adopted a resolution condemning Onderdonk.
As the controversy continued, charges were presented to the House of Bishops alleging that Onderdonk had committed an "immoral act" with a Mrs. Butler and other women (charges of intoxication were also mentioned, but downplayed). After a trial, the House of Bishops suspended Onderdonk in 1845. Whether or not this was the result of the dispute over the issues raised by the Carey affair was hotly debated at the time, in a series of tracts and published letters of the parties involved.
After Onderdonk's suspension, the episcopacy was vacant for seven years until Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright I was called as Provisional Bishop in 1852. The healing work that he began in the diocese was continued by his successor, Horatio Potter, under whose leadership the Episcopal Church continued to grow. As a result of this growth, it was decided to split the diocese into four separate areas in 1868, with the creation of the dioceses of Long Island, Albany and Western New York.
Under Potter's nephew and successor, Henry Codman Potter, plans were developed and, after much deliberation, a site was chosen for the construction of the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, in the Morningside Heights area of Manhattan. The cornerstone was laid in 1892 and the Cathedral was consecrated and opened for worship in 1911.
Since the late 19th century, and especially in the mid-to-late 20th century, the diocese has been noted for its social activism, with Bishops Horace Donegan and Paul Moore, for example, prominent advocates of the civil rights movement. It was under Donegan that the diocese permitted women to serve on vestries and ordained its first women deacons and priests. The late 20th and early 21st centuries have been marked by increased diversity. During Bishop Mark Sisk's tenure, Japanese- and Spanish-speaking congregations were established, and, as of 2022, worship services were offered in the diocese in at least 10 languages, including Spanish, French, Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Igbo. In 1996 Episcopal Charities was founded to fund local programs and, as of 2022, has provided some $17 million in support.
Bishops of New York
The following have served as diocesan bishops, provisional bishops, bishops coadjutor, bishops suffragan or assistant bishops in the Diocese of New York:
Diocesan bishops
Bishops suffragan
Assistant bishops
Churches
As of 2022, there were approximately 190 Episcopal places of worship in the diocese, located in the New York boroughs of Manhattan, the Bronx and Staten Island and in the New York state counties of Dutchess, Orange, Putnam, Rockland, Sullivan and Ulster and Westchester. They include the following, some of which may no longer be active:
New York City
Manhattan
Staten Island
The Bronx
Dutchess County
Orange County
Putnam County
Rockland County
Sullivan County
Ulster County
Westchester County
Educational and other institutions
Schools
The following schools are located within the Diocese of New York and affiliated with the Episcopal Church:
Spiritual communities
Anglican spiritual communities and religious orders active within the Diocese of New York include:
References
Episcopal Diocese of New York
Episcopal Church in New York (state)
New York
New York
Province 2 of the Episcopal Church (United States)
Christianity in New York City
Episcopal bishops of New York
Religious organizations established in 1785 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal%20Diocese%20of%20New%20York |
Brian or Bryan Hughes is the name of:
Brian Hughes (footballer, born 1937) (1937–2018), Welsh international footballer
Brian Hughes (footballer, born 1962), former Swindon Town and Cheltenham Town footballer
Brian Hughes (jockey) (born 1985), Irish jockey
Bryan Hughes (born 1976), English footballer
Brian Hughes (musician) (born 1955), smooth jazz guitarist
Bryan Hughes (politician) (born 1969), Republican member of the Texas Senate from Mineola, Texas
Bryan Desmond Hughes (1888–1918), Australian soldier and rugby union player
Brian G. Hughes (1849–1924), US businessman and practical joker
Bryan Tewell Hughes (born 1966), electronic music composer and producer of AeTopus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Hughes |
Roderick Green (born April 26, 1982) is a former American football defensive end. He was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the fifth round of the 2004 NFL Draft. He played college football at Central Missouri.
Green also played for the San Francisco 49ers and California Redwoods.
College career
Green played college football at Central Missouri where he recorded 114 tackles, 13 sacks and four forced fumbles. He majored in physical education.
Professional career
Baltimore Ravens
Green was selected by the Baltimore Ravens in the fifth round (153rd overall) in the 2004 NFL Draft. In his rookie season, he played in nine games, recording six tackles. He made his NFL debut against the Kansas City Chiefs on October 4. In 2005, Green recorded 11 tackles and notched up his first two sacks of his NFL career.
In July 2006, he was involved in an altercation at a bowling alley in which he was stabbed. Green was available to report for training camp with the Ravens, but was released in the final cut before the 2006 regular season.
San Francisco 49ers
Green was signed by the San Francisco 49ers off waivers on September 3, 2006. In his first season with the 49ers, he played nine times amassing 12 tackles and a career high 4.5 sacks. In 2007, he only posted four tackles and two sacks. On February 26, 2008 the 49ers re-signed Green preventing him from going to free agency.
California Redwoods
Green was signed by the California Redwoods of the United Football League on October 19, 2009.
References
External links
Just Sports Stats
1982 births
Living people
People from Brenham, Texas
Sportspeople from Washington County, Texas
American football defensive ends
American football linebackers
Blinn Buccaneers football players
Central Missouri Mules football players
Baltimore Ravens players
San Francisco 49ers players
Sacramento Mountain Lions players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roderick%20Green |
(William) Alan Rook OBE (1909–1990) was a British Cairo poet and edited the 1936 issue of New Oxford Poetry.
As a soldier
In the Second World War Rook served as a Lieutenant anti-aircraft gunner with the 6th A.A. Division of the Royal Artillery. After evacuation at Dunkirk he served in searchlight operations with an anti-aircraft unit, defending the East End of London during the Blitz. He rose to the rank of Major. He left a vivid diary of the Blitz experience. He left the Army in 1944, invalided out. He continued an interest in targeting and weapons after the war, becoming a keen archer.
As a poet
His first book of poems was published in 1938, and three further books during the war. During the war, and in the decade after 1945, he was best known in Britain as a war poet. His best known poem was ""Dunkirk," which was considered the finest poem inspired by the war." and it "became famous in tent and household". He was a good friend of fellow conservative poets such as J.R.R. Tolkien and C.S. Lewis, and may have been one of Tolkien's students in the 1930s. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.
He rejected Modernism in verse, although like many others he had been influenced by T.S. Eliot in the 1930s. His traditional approach in poetry, and his stern themes of 'life and death in struggle', must have contributed to the neglect and near-forgetting of his work amid the changed intellectual tastes of the 1970s and 80s. By the time he died in 1990 he and his work appear to have been utterly forgotten.
As a journalist and critic
His book Not as a refuge (1948) is on the writing of poetry. He was also known as an occasional critic and reviewer. In 1944 he took up the editorship of the Christian literary and critical magazine Kingdom Come: The Magazine of War-Time Oxford, aided by fellow editors Henry Treece and Stefan Schimanski. They later published the book Leaves in the storm: a book of diaries (1947), with excerpts from the Second World War diaries of twenty-five poets.
He was a wartime broadcaster around 1944, presenting scripted overseas radio broadcasts on poetry and its history for the BBC, under its Indian Service producer George Orwell. One letter from George Orwell, arranging these talks with Rook, indicates that Rook knew Herbert Read.
Later Rook wrote many articles of first-hand travel journalism on wine and wine landscapes, such as "Around Portugal" for Wine and Food, using his abilities as a poet to bring such places to life on the page.
Wine
After the Second World War, Rook entered the family business of Skinner & Rook (later Skinner, Rook & Chambers) in Nottingham in the East Midlands. This business was styled a "Grocers and Tea and Wine Merchants". Rook had expanded the business into wine in 1947 and he became a noted wine trader and wine taster. He served as a chairman of the Wine and Spirits Association of Great Britain, around 1965.
He published A Diary of an English Vineyard (1971), a description of the work and success of the most northerly commercial vineyard in Europe, which he had planted in the form of 2,500 vines at Stragglethorpe Hall in Lincolnshire in 1964. The vineyard produced its first 100gc marketable crop in 1969, and the wine made there was a white Burgundy type and sold under Rook's "Lincolnshire Imperial" brand. A photograph of the rear of his earlier residence at Wootton Lodge shows that he had had a vineyard on the slopes there.
Wootton Lodge
In 1950 his success in the Midlands wine trade meant that he could purchase and live at the 17th-century Grade I listed Wootton Lodge, near Ellastone in north Staffordshire. His success in converting the historic house into manageable living space for himself and his playwright partner Dennis Woodford, at a time when many other mansions were being abandoned or mismanaged, was lauded by Country Life magazine in a 1959 article on him and his house. The article noted that at that time Rook was also known as a playwright. He invited many notable writers to stay at the house.
References
British male poets | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Rook |
William Douglas Long (born February 29, 1960) is a former American professional baseball pitcher who played from 1985 to 1991 for the Chicago White Sox (1985–1990), Chicago Cubs (1990) and Montreal Expos (1991).
Early life
Long was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, and graduated from Moeller High School. He played college football at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio.
Professional career
Long was drafted by the San Diego Padres in the 2nd round of the 1981 MLB amateur draft. Before the 1985 season, Long was traded by the San Diego Padres, along with Ozzie Guillén, Luis Salazar and Tim Lollar, to the White Sox, in the same deal that brought Cy Young Award winner LaMarr Hoyt to San Diego. Long played his first professional game on July 21, 1985, with the Chicago White Sox. In a six-season career, Long posted a 27-27 record with a 4.37 ERA and nine saves in 159 games pitched, 52 as a starter. According to Long, he also played in Caracas, Venezuela. While Long played in Venezuela, he played for the Leones del Caracas, and the Cardenales de Lara.He batted and threw right-handed.
Best season
: Led American League pitchers with a 1.49 W/9IP (28 walks in 169.0 innings pitched)
Life after MLB
Long is a teacher at Gray Middle School in Union, Kentucky, where he teaches sixth grade social studies. He is married to Margaret Phelan-Long. He has a son, Marshall.
See also
Montreal Expos all-time roster
Chicago White Sox all-time roster
References
External links
Baseball Almanac
Baseball Gauge
Baseball Library
Baseball Reference
Baseball Reference (Minors)
Retrosheet
SportsPool.com
Venezuelan Professional Baseball League
1960 births
Living people
Amarillo Gold Sox players
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Baseball players from Cincinnati
Beaumont Golden Gators players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Cardenales de Lara players
Chicago Cubs players
Chicago White Sox players
Hawaii Islanders players
Indianapolis Indians players
Las Vegas Stars (baseball) players
Leones del Caracas players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Major League Baseball pitchers
Miami RedHawks baseball players
Peninsula Oilers players
Montreal Expos players
Salem Redbirds players
Vancouver Canadians players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Long%20%28baseball%29 |
Kaisersesch () is a town in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde, to which it also belongs.
Geography
The town lies in the eastern Eifel halfway between the rivers Elz and Endert in the headwaters of the Pommerbach, roughly 14 km north of Cochem and 16 km southwest of Mayen. Its elevation is 410 m above sea level.
History
The place where Kaisersesch now stands was once a crossroads in prehistoric and Roman times. A Roman presence is known to have existed here from a gravesite and a water supply line that have been unearthed.
In the Early Middle Ages, Asche, as it was once known, was among the Lotharingian county palatine's holdings. Sometime between 1051 and 1056, Esch, as it came to be known, had its first documentary mention in a donation document dealing with the Ezzonid heiress Richeza's great donation to the Brauweiler Monastery near Cologne. Beginning in 1294, Esch was a court centre in the Electorate of Trier. In 1320, it was heavily fortified, and the following year, on Archbishop Balduin's instigation, it was granted town rights by King Louis the Bavarian. Thereafter, the town was known as Kaisersesch (“Emperor’s Esch”), although locals sometimes still call it simply Esch even today.
In the Nine Years' War (known in Germany as the Pfälzischer Erbfolgekrieg, or War of the Palatine Succession), the town was all but utterly destroyed in 1689 by the French. Beginning in 1794, Kaisersesch lay under French rule, under which it was stripped of its town rights. In 1815 it was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna.
In 1895, the Andernach-Gerolstein railway reached Kaisersesch, and the town began to develop as an important regional centre in the eastern Eifel, which was the first economic boost that the town had since its destruction in the Nine Years' War.
Since 1946, Kaisersesch has been part of the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate. On 22 November 1997, Kaisersesch was granted town rights once again.
Politics
Town council
The council is made up of 20 council members who were elected by proportional representation at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.
The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:
Mayor
Kaisersesch's mayor is Gerhard Weber (CDU).
Coat of arms
The German blazon reads: In Silber ein durchgehendes rotes Kreuz, im ersten Winkel ein sechs-strahliger schwarzer Stern über liegendem schwarzen Halbmond.
The town's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Argent a cross gules, in dexter chief a mullet over a crescent sable.
The cross refers to the Electorate of Trier, and the charges in dexter chief (in the upper right from the armsbearer's point of view, but upper left from the viewer's) are court symbols that crop up often in the Rhenish region.
The arms have been borne since 1954, but are based on an old court seal from the 15th century that shows exactly this composition.
Culture and sightseeing
Buildings
The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:
Saint Pancras’s Catholic Parish Church (Pfarrkirche St. Pankratius), Balduinstraße – Romanesque Revival pseudo-basilica, 1898-1900, architect Lambert von Fisenne, Gelsenkirchen, side tower from early 14th century
Forest chapel Zur schmerzhaften Muttergottes (“To Our Lady of Sorrows”); plastered building, one-sided hipped saddle roof, bears yeardates 1796 and 1833
Bahnhofstraße 33 – villa with hipped roof, 1928; whole complex with garden
Balduinstraße 7 – Burgmannenhaus, so-called “old prison”; essentially mediaeval, parts of the old wall
Koblenzer Straße (no number) – former school; two-winged building, built since 1836, architect Johann Claudius von Lassaulx, Koblenz; teacher's house, 1901
Koblenzer Straße 46 – country estate, 18th century; timber-frame house, partly solid, plastered
Koblenzer Straße 48 – timber-frame house, partly solid or slated, 17th century, essentially possibly from the 16th century; whole complex with barn
Old graveyard, Pankratiusstraße (monumental zone) – chapel, Gothic Revival brick aisleless church, 19th century; gravestones, 18th and 19th centuries
Turmgarten (“Tower Garden”) – round tower from the town fortifications, now only preserved as scant remnants
Von der Leyenstraße/corner of Höfchen – relief stone
South of the village on Landesstraße (State Road) 98 (monumental zone) – Jewish graveyard; 22 grave steles from 1920 to 1941
Other sights
Kaisersesch is also home to a well preserved Roman wall.
The steeple at Saint Pancras's Church is also of special note in that it is noticeably crooked.
Notable people
Sons and daughters of the town
Werner Höfer
Peter Kremer (writer)
Oswald Mathias Ungers, architect
References
External links
Official website
Jewish history in Kaisersesch
Cochem-Zell | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisersesch |
7 Vidas is a Spanish sitcom which aired on Telecinco from 1999 to 2006. Its title translates as "7 lives" and the symbol of the sitcom is a cat, in reference to the belief that cats have 7 lives (in contrast to English-speaking countries, where they are believed to have nine lives).
Originally inspired by the American blockbuster Friends, it was not a big ratings hit initially, but over time, the show gained in popularity, ultimately becoming the most popular Spanish TV series of all time. By the end of its run, the show was totally different from its original source.
It was in 7 Vidas that the now internationally famous actress Paz Vega and Javier Cámara first became household names in Spain.
The sitcom tells the story of a group of friends in Madrid. David (Toni Cantó) awakes from a coma after more than 18 years, and starts discovering the new world in which he lives. His neighbour, Sole (Amparo Baró) is an old woman with a penchant for slapping anyone who behaves in a way she dislikes round the back of the neck. Her sexually frustrated son, Paco (Javier Cámara) is David's best friend, Carlota (Blanca Portillo) David's single sister and Laura (Laurita to her friends) (Paz Vega), their cousin from Seville (with her colourful Sevillian accent), initially Paco's principal love interest and then David's.
Characters came and went, and by the end of the sitcom the only character who had appeared in the first series and lasted until its end was Sole. Other long-standing characters, and the two most popular, in addition to Sole, were Gonzalo (Gonzalo de Castro), a waiter who later became a main character and Carlota's husband (although they were later divorced), and Diana (Anabel Alonso), a frustrated actress, and a naïve lesbian. She was the first homosexual character in Spanish television who did not follow stereotypes.
The script of the show was well known for poking fun at current events, politicians and celebrities and often contained a lot of risqué jokes.
Scenes were generally set in Sole's house, Carlota's house, or in Gonzalo's café "Casi Ke No" - the equivalent of Friends' Central Perk café. Like its inspiration, the cafe's name was a pun: the logo makes the expression, meaning "maybe not", appear to read "casino".
7 Vidas was also known for its multiple cameos of famous people, including Shakira, El Canto del Loco, politician Santiago Carrillo and footballer Samuel Eto'o. Hugh Grant was pencilled in to appear in one chapter, but the actor subsequently declined the offer.
By the show's final season, it had moved considerably away from its Friends inspiration, and celebrated its final, 204th, episode with a plot featuring all of the 19 main characters who had appeared over the series' history, including a video from Paz Vega, who was busy filming in the United States and unable to appear in person. A live performance of the main theme was also performed by El Canto del Loco, a Spanish pop group. The episode was recorded and transmitted live without interruptions, bar a few minutes for commercials, which were used to change clothes and represent the passing of the time.
ANT1 channel in Greece picked up the rights to 7 Vidas for a Greek remake of the show, premiering in its fall 2008 lineup and entitled 7 Zωές (7 Lives).
Main
Spin-off Aída
The popularity of 7 vidas led in 2005 to a spin-off, Aída, which came to an end in 2014 after 237 episodes, surpassing the record of its parent series. It centred around Aída, a recurring supporting 7 vidas character, known for her vulgarity and for representing a "typical" working class Spanish woman. The series was set in a new context, with entirely new characters, though some characters from 7 vidas appeared in some episodes, and others, mentioned in 7 vidas but never shown, were introduced as regulars of the new show. In 2009, when Carmen Machi, the actress who played Aída, left the series, new characters appeared and the series continued under the same basic premise with, among others, Paco León.
External links
Official Website in Spanish
7 vidas Spanish
Spanish television sitcoms
Television shows set in Madrid
Telecinco network series
1990s Spanish comedy television series
2000s Spanish comedy television series
1999 Spanish television series debuts
2006 Spanish television series endings | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7%20vidas |
The Danish Ministry of Health () is a Danish governmental ministry responsible for healthcare policy in Denmark. First created as an independent ministry in 1926, it has at various times been combined with the Ministry of the Interior as the Ministry of Interior and Health, most recently in 2022-, and has had various names. The current Minister for Health is Sophie Løhde, and the Permanent Secretary since 11 January 2021 is Svend Særkjær.
Responsibilities
The ministry oversees all aspects of healthcare in Denmark, including hospitals, medical treatments, dispensaries, patient rights, healthcare data collection and medical and research ethics.
History
The ministry was first created in 1926, and since then has several times been merged with the Ministry of the Interior and re-established under various official names. In modern times it was first re-established in September 1987, with responsibilities drawn in part from other ministries, including oversight over foodstuffs, anti-narcotics and anti-alcohol efforts, education of medical personnel, and health care in Greenland—some of these were later reassigned—and was recombined with the Ministry of the Interior in November 2001. In November 2007 it again became an independent ministry under the name Ministerium for Sundhed og Forebyggelse (English: Ministry for Health and Prevention), taking on some responsibilities from the Family Ministry, which was dissolved; the Ministry of the Interior, in turn, was merged into a new Ministry of Welfare (Velfærdsministerium). In 2010 the combined Ministry of Interior and Health was again reconstituted, but the following year the Ministry of the Interior was included in a new while the Ministry of Health once more became the Ministry for Health and Prevention. In June 2015 it was renamed the Ministry of Health and the Aged, and acquired some responsibilities from the Social- og Indenrigsministeriet (Ministry of Social affairs and the Interior), the combination of the Ministry of Social Affairs and the Ministry of the Interior which was created at the same time. In November 2016, under Lars Løkke Rasmussen's third government, it became a separate ministry once more.
List of ministers
See also
List of Danish government ministries
Healthcare in Denmark
References
External links
Official website
English website
Health
Medical and health organizations based in Denmark
Denmark | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry%20of%20Health%20%28Denmark%29 |
Sir Anthony Richard Wagner (6 September 1908 – 5 May 1995) was a long-serving officer of arms at the College of Arms in London. He served as Garter Principal King of Arms before retiring to the post of Clarenceux King of Arms. He was one of the most prolific authors on the subjects of heraldry and genealogy of the 20th century.
Early life and education
Wagner's distant ancestor, Melchior Wagner, arrived in England from the Saxon city of Coburg in 1709 and became hatter to George I and George II.
Wagner's father, Orlando Wagner, ran a day-school in London. He attended Eton College and Balliol College, Oxford, on scholarships. He found the classics uninteresting and graduated with a third in Literae humaniores. From early age he had been interested in genealogy and his favourite book as a boy was Hereford Brooke George's Genealogical Tables Illustrative of Modern History.
Professional career
Wagner joined the College of Arms as Portcullis Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary in 1931. He was promoted to Richmond Herald of Arms in Ordinary in 1943 and Garter Principal King of Arms in 1961. In 1978 he retired to the subordinate position of Clarenceux King of Arms. Oxford University awarded him a DLitt and in 1979 he was appointed an honorary fellow of Balliol College.
He was a firm believer in the view that appointments to the college were for life. As a herald he enjoyed a very large practice and was able to train up a number of skilled and well-qualified assistants who later became officers of arms. His professional library was enormous, but he was also able to build up an important collection of early heraldic manuscripts from the Clumber and other sales.
During World War II he served in the War Office for four years, and then moved to the Ministry of Town and Country Planning, where he rose to be Principal Private Secretary to a series of ministers. Although he contemplated remaining in the Ministry, he returned to the College of Arms in 1946 and took over the extensive practice of Alfred Butler, Windsor Herald.
He took part in the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth ll in 1951 as Richmond Herald, and as Garter King of Arms took part in and was involved in the ceremonial aspects of the state funeral of Winston Churchill in 1965 and the Investiture of the Prince of Wales at Caernarfon Castle in 1969.
One idea, which he pursued persistently, was the establishment of a museum in which to display the treasures of the College of Arms itself. Initially it was hoped to erect a building adjacent to the college, and a design was commissioned from Raymond Erith; this became impossible because of the increasing financial demands of repairs to the college itself. But in 1981 the Heralds' Museum opened in part of the Tower of London.
He was elected a Fellow of the American Society of Genealogists in 1944.
In 1981 he defended the ceremonial aspects of British political life in an interview with Philip Howard of The Times: "Ceremonial induces a more reflective mood. It is an art form that embodies the continuity of the nation and the deposit of history. We live in a time of great change. But every item in a ceremonial like the coronation links us directly to the roots of our nationality more than 10 centuries ago". Howard said Wagner "is one of our most distinguished historians, the man who made heraldry respectable and who holds the sceptre of continuity in our changing times".
Chronology
Appointed Portcullis Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary (1931)
General Editor, Dictionary of British Arms (1940–1995)
Appointed Richmond Herald of Arms in Ordinary (1943)
Secretary of the Order of the Garter (1952–1961)
Registrar of the College of Arms (1953–1960)
Joint Register of the Court of Chivalry (1954–1995)
Appointed Garter Principal King of Arms (1961–1978)
Knight Principal, Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor (1962–1983)
Appointed Clarenceux King of Arms (1978–1995)
Director, Heralds' Museum, Tower of London (1978–1983)
Other activities
Wagner had many interests outside the world and work of the College of Arms. He belonged to the Vintners' Company, serving as Master from 1973 to 1974; and was a member of a number of important dining clubs including the Society of Dilettanti, the antiquarian Cocked Hats, and the bibliophilic Roxburghe Club.
A number of large projects engaged his attention and enthusiasm. One, which arose from the Harleian Society, was an endeavour to list and describe the surviving English Rolls of Arms: to this series (CEMRA) Wagner contributed the first volume. Another project, connected with the Society of Antiquaries of London, was a revised edition of the ordinary of arms originally produced by J. W. Papworth. The first volume (of what was now entitled the Dictionary of British Arms) appeared in 1992.
Publications
Genealogy occupied the foremost place in Wagner's affections, but his earliest publications made highly important contributions to the study of heraldry. Issues of State Ceremonial took third priority. His Historic Heraldry of England (1939) derived initially from an exhibition of panels in America, but drew a stern and scholarly line between those great men who were truly armigerous and those who were not. On the other hand, his Heralds and Heraldry in the Middle Ages (also 1939) shed new light on the development of the functions of the earliest officers of arms. Many years later he traced the whole story of the College of Arms in a massive volume entitled Heralds of England (1967). Roy Strong called the book "magisterial".
Wagner's English Genealogy (1960; revised editions 1972 and 1983) remains a standard work of reference. Many of his conclusions were rehearsed and reinforced in Pedigree and Progress (1975), where an important group of essays is annotated and brought up to date. Always he stressed the mobility of social life and class in the course of English history, and in maintaining this view ran contrary to the opinions of some professional English historians.
His Records and Collections of the College of Arms (1952) remains a useful finding aid to the college's archival holdings.
His office had been highly mechanised from an early stage, but all the more so once he became blind in 1984, whereupon, making every use of the aids of modern science, he bore his affliction with patience and dexterity. He dictated his autobiography, A Herald's World (1988).
He was also a staunch supporter of hereditary peers and defended their presence in the House of Lords in an article in the Times on 30 January 1969 which became the foreword to the 1970 edition of Burke's Peerage.
Personal life
In 1953 (at the age of 44) Wagner married Gillian Graham, eldest daughter of Major H.A.R. Graham. In addition to taking over his father's house, 68 Chelsea Square, London, they acquired a country house in Aldeburgh, Suffolk. The couple had a daughter and two sons.
Wagner's funeral service was held at the Church of St Benet Paul's Wharf, the religious home of the College of Arms since 1555. The Queen was represented by Sir Conrad Swan. He was buried at Aldeburgh.
Honours
Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (1953)
Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (1961)
Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (1978)
Admiral, The Great Navy of the State of Nebraska, USA, (1987)
Arms
See also
College of Arms
Heraldry
References
External links
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
English genealogists
English antiquarians
20th-century antiquarians
English officers of arms
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
Fellows of the American Society of Genealogists
People educated at Eton College
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
1908 births
1995 deaths
People educated at Beaudesert Park School
Garter Principal Kings of Arms | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20Wagner |
Poetry London is a literary periodical based in London. Published three times a year, it features poems, reviews, and other articles.
Profile
Adopting the title of an earlier bimonthly publication which ran from 1939 to 1951, Poetry London was founded in 1988 as a listings magazine. It now publishes poems from Britain and around the world, some originally written in English and some in English translation.
The current head of the editorial team is André Naffis-Sahely. Previous poetry editors have included Colette Bryce, Pascale Petit, Maurice Riordan, Ahren Warner and Martha Sprackland.
The Poetry London Prize
The magazine runs a major international poetry competition each year, in which the winner receives the Poetry London Prize for a single outstanding poem. There are also second and third prizes. All entries are single poems written in English that have not have yet been published. The first prize is currently £5000. Winners have included Liz Berry, Richard Scott, and Romalyn Ante.
Contributors
Contributors have included some of the best-known poets writing in the English language. But the magazine operates an open submissions policy, and every issue carries both established and emerging poets.
Each issue also has a cover portrait of one of the poets whose work it features. Past cover poets have included Fred D'Aguiar, Carol Ann Duffy, Philip Gross, Helen Farish and Julia Copus.
References
External links
Poetry London site
Poetry London issues available online
Finding aid to the Poetry London-New York records at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.
Literary magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines published in London
Magazines established in 1988
Poetry magazines published in the United Kingdom
Triannual magazines published in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetry%20London |
Treis-Karden is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It was the seat of the former like-named Verbandsgemeinde until 1 July 2014. Since then, it is part of the Verbandsgemeinde Cochem. Treis-Karden is a state-recognized tourism resort (Fremdenverkehrsort).
Geography
Location
The municipality lies on the river Moselle, roughly east-northeast of Cochem.
History
According to the latest research findings, Treis had its first documentary mention in 762 as trisgodros villa publica. The document in question is actually a 10th-century copy in Prüm Abbey’s Liber aureus. There were holdings at Treis owned by Polish queen Richeza, Count Palatine Ezzo's daughter, who apparently donated her property in 1051 and 1056 to the Brauweiler Monastery near Cologne. Beginning in the 11th century, Saint Castor's Foundation (Stift St. Kastor) in Karden had, by way of donations and purchases, important landholdings. In 1103, Ravengiersburg Monastery obtained by way of trade with St. Stephan in Mainz an estate in Treis (curtis in Tris). The name Karden is a modern form of the name for a Roman vicus, named in the latter half of the 5th century as Cardena by the geographer of Ravenna. In the late 6th century, Karden was the centre of a greater parish out of whose college of priests arose Saint Castor's Foundation in the 9th century. In 926, an exchange agreement contained the reference in Karadone, and in the 11th century, Karden was named as villa Cardiniacus
Saint Castor is held to have founded a Christian community in Karden as early as the 4th century. Castor's bones went in the 9th century mostly to Saint Castor's Church (Kastorkirche) in Koblenz. In antiquity and in the Middle Ages, Karden was a place of importance whose history was defined by the collegiate foundation that existed here until 1802. Karden was the centre of an archdeaconry. The foundation's provost was through personal union one of the five archdeacons of the Archbishopric of Trier.
Treis was the main centre of the Trechirgau. When this gau's counts, the Berthold-Bezeline family, died out in the late 11th century, it led to a whole series of disputes. For their part, the Counts of Salm-Rheineck sought to bring Treis along with its environs under their yoke. As early as 1121, Heinrich V destroyed the castle to support Count Palatine Gottfried von Calw. Apparently, Otto von Salm had only just had the castle newly built. In the struggle waged by Otto II von Rheineck (Otto von Salm's son) against Hermann von Stahleck over the Rhenish Electoral Palatinate, Treis eventually fell under Electoral-Trier lordship in 1148, remaining there until the late 18th century.
Beginning in 1794, both centres lay under French rule. In 1815 they were assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna. Since 1946, they have been part of the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate. On 7 June 1969, the two centres, until then each a separate municipality, were merged to form the new municipality of Treis-Karden.
Politics
Municipal council
The council is made up of 16 council members, who were elected at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.
The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:
Mayor
Since 2019, Hans-Josef Bleser (CDU) is Treis-Karden's mayor. He succeeded Philipp Thönnes (CDU).
Coat of arms
The German blazon reads: Wappen geviert. In Feld 1: ein goldener Stern in Schwarz, in Feld 2: im goldenen Feld ein roter Einhenkelkrug, in Feld 3: eine blaue Lilie in silbernem Feld, in Feld 4: in schwarzem Feld ein goldener Hammer, umwunden von zwei goldenen Schlangen.
The municipality's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Quarterly, first sable a mullet of five Or, second Or a jug with one handle to sinister gules, third argent a fleur-de-lis azure, and fourth sable a hammer palewise coiled in opposite directions around which two serpents of the second.
The mullet (star shape) can already be found in the 1519 Treis court seal; it was also borne as a charge by the Castle Counts (Burggrafen) of Treis. The one-handled jug refers to the potter's craft, which was practised throughout Roman times in Karden. Several pieces of this kind can be found in the Foundation museum. The lily appears in the seal of the Collegiate Foundation in Karden from the latter half of the 13th century; it also refers to Mary, the church's former patron. The hammer with two snakes wound onto it refers to the arms borne by the family Broy in Karden. It can be found on several tomb slabs and the winged altar in the Foundation church, as well as on the door lintel of the so-called Burghaus.
In 1977, municipal council commissioned heraldic artist A. Friderichs and local historian H. Ritter to submit designs for a coat of arms. At a session on 18 July of that year, council chose the design that the municipality now bears as its arms, although they insisted on a slight modification to the charge in the second quartering, which was originally to have been an amphora. The arms have been borne since 14 February 1978.
Culture and sightseeing
Buildings
The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:
Karden
Former Saint Castor’s Foundation Church, St.-Castor-Straße – whole complex with cloister and Foundation museum
Evangelical church (Georgskapelle), Moselstraße 33 – Gothic aisleless church, mid 14th century
Hochkreuzkapelle (“High Cross Chapel”) with Stations of the Cross, Kastellauner Straße – chapel, aisleless church, marked 1754, inside Crucifixion group, 18th century; Way of the Cross, Bildstock type with relief, 19th century
Saint Castor's Foundation zone (monumental zone) – from buildings’ condition and bordering still a complex that can well be made out with buildings surrounding the former Saint Castor's Foundation Church used by the Foundation lords and the canons, the Haus Korbisch (former provostry building), former Foundation school and former dormitory stretching to the Brohlbach flowing behind it and down to the Electoral-Trier Amtshaus on the Moselle
Am Buttermarkt 2 – L-shaped complex; timber-frame house, partly solid, plastered, marked 1631; front wing, 18th century; whole complex
Am Buttermarkt 6 – former Foundation gate; three-floor timber-frame house, partly solid, balloon frame, dendrochronologically dated to 1310, corner stud dendrochronologically dated to 1516 ± 5 years
Kernstraße 5 – timber-frame house, partly solid, 18th century
Kernstraße 8-10 – former Foundation lords’ building (possibly refectory/dormitory) and refectory; Late Romanesque plastered building, dendrochronologically dated to 1238
Kernstraße 9 – timber-frame house, partly solid, 18th century
Kernstraße 18 – former Foundation school; timber-frame house, partly solid, Late Gothic crow-stepped gable (dendrochronologically dated to 1426/1427)
Lindenplatz – Castor-Brunnen (fountain), 20th century
Friedhof, Maximinstraße – three-floor Romanesque quarrystone tower of the old parish church, 13th century; eleven grave crosses from the 18th and 19th centuries; Crucifixion group, 18th century
Moselstraße 18 – former Electoral-Trier Amtshaus; quarrystone building, timber-frame oriel turret, staircase, 1562
Moselstraße 27 – villa; Late Historicist quarrystone building, hipped mansard roof, about 1900; whole complex with garden
Moselstraße 32 – timber-frame house, partly solid, marked 1464 (?), 1686; on uphill side balloon frame construction, essentially possibly from the 16th century, side facing the Moselle from the 17th century; garden with garden wall; whole complex
Between Moselstraße 37 and 38 – Crucifixion group, Baroque Revival niche, marked 1907, with Baroque Crucifixion group, 18th century
Römerstraße 28 – archaeological collection from Roman times and the Middle Ages
St.-Castor-Straße – railway station; two-winged building with hipped mansard roof or half-hipped roof, 1910; whole complex with tracks
St.-Castor-Straße 1 – Haus Korbisch; Late Romanesque plastered building with twinned windows and tower; the central part dendrochronologically dated to 941 ± 10 years, re-built with the late Romanesque windows in 1207/08.
St.-Castor-Straße 3 – quarrystone building, mid 19th century
St.-Castor-Straße 7 – timber-frame house, partly solid, 17th century, on ground floor mediaeval fragments
St.-Castor-Straße 9/11 – solid building, in the back timber-frame house, partly solid, balloon frame, dendrochronologically dated to 1495; addition, partly timber-frame, 16th century
St.-Castor-Straße 10 – solid building, partly timber-frame, crow-stepped gable, 16th century
St.-Castor-Straße 14 – Baroque building with hipped mansard roof, marked 1765, winepress house
St.-Castor-Straße 17 – timber-frame house (towards back), partly solid, 18th century
St.-Castor-Straße 23 – timber-frame house, partly solid, balloon frame, marked 1587
St.-Castor-Straße 28 – former school; stately quarrystone building, marked 1909
St.-Castor-Straße 31 – timber-frame house, partly solid, half-hipped roof, marked 1759
St.-Castor-Straße 33 – timber-frame house, partly solid, plastered and sided, half-hipped roof, 18th century
St.-Castor-Straße 34 – timber-frame house, partly solid, latter half of 16th century, remodelled in 17th century
St.-Castor-Straße 42 – stately building with hipped roof, 18th century; whole complex with garden
St.-Castor-Straße 48 – timber-frame house, partly solid, half-hipped roof, marked 1614
St.-Castor-Straße 74/76 – timber-frame house, partly solid, plastered, mansard roof, 18th century (?)
St.-Castor-Straße 86 – Schlosshotel Petri; two- to three-floor L-shaped plastered building, essentially from the 17th century (?), wing facing the Moselle with crow-stepped gable, 19th century; whole complex with old wall
St.-Castor-Straße 109 – plastered building on high quarrystone pedestal, staircase, 1920s/1930s
St.-Castor-Straße/corner of Maximinstraße – Madonna, 19th century
Vineyard house – timber-frame bungalow with half-hipped roof, towards 1910
Gillesmühle – Bildstock, relief, 18th century
Above St. Goar, marked by a prominent white cross – Saint Castor's Cave, grotto with kneeling Christ, 18th or 19th century
Windhäuser Höfe (estates) on Kreisstraße 31 – Gothic Revival chapel; inside, Gothic Revival Crucifixion group
Treis
Saint John the Baptist's Catholic Parish Church (Pfarrkirche St. Johann Baptist), Am Plenzer – Gothic Revival hall church, quarrystone, 1823-1831, architect Johann Claudius von Lassaulx, Koblenz
Am Rathaus 2 – quire of the former Saint Catherine's Catholic Parish Church (Pfarrkirche St. Katharina), latter half of 15th century; grave cross, marked 1527
Am Markt 8 – timber-frame house, partly solid (solid building with timber-frame façade?), half-hipped roof, marked 1637
Am Plenzer 1 – former boys’ school; quarrystone building, hipped roof, about 1834, architect Johann Claudius von Lassaulx
Am Plenzer 5 – Gothic Revival quarrystone building, mid 19th century
Am Rathaus 4 – quarrystone building, mid 19th century; whole complex of buildings with quarrystone commercial building
Am Rathaus 5/6 – former rectory; quarrystone building, about 1830/1840, architect Johann Claudius von Lassaulx, with pilaster strips and broad arch frieze; no. 5 winepress house; in the wall four grave crosses, 1747, 1615, 1614, fragment 1733; whole complex of buildings with barn and garden
Breitbrücke – one-arch quarrystone bridge, essentially Baroque, mid 19th century faced by Johann Claudius von Lassaulx
Brückenstraße 29 – former weights and measures office; one-floor quarrystone building, 1889
Burg Treis (castle) – quarrystone keep, between 1152 and 1169, great parts of the fortification, gate, Burgmannenhaus, residential quarters and heated room of the castle complex founded in the 11th century
Castorgasse 7 – three-floor timber-frame house, partly solid, marked 1819, timber framing marked 1718
Castorgasse 13 – see Hauptstraße 16
Castorgasse 14 – building with mansard roof, timber framing plastered, marked 1766
Fischergasse 1 – timber-frame house, partly solid, marked 1561, remodelled in the 18th century
Fischergasse 12 – timber-frame house, partly solid, plastered, essentially from the 16th or 17th century
Hauptstraße – water cistern; one-floor Baroque Revival quarrystone building with tower, marked 1903
Hauptstraße 10 – Classicist timber-frame house, partly solid, plastered, marked 1819
Hauptstraße 15 – two houses; solid building, 17th century; timber-frame house, partly solid, half-hipped roof, early 17th century, essentially possibly older, driveway with timber-frame bridge
Hauptstraße 16 – L-shaped complex; spacious timber-frame house, partly solid, plastered, mansard roof, marked 1815
Hauptstraße 27 – Altes Rathaus (Old Town Hall); Gothic Revival quarrystone building, crow-stepped gable, Gothic Revival niche Madonna, 19th century; characterizes village's appearance
Johannesstraße 6 – quarrystone building, 19th century
Kastellauner Straße – basalt wayside cross, marked 1637
Katharinenstraße 27 – timber-frame house, partly solid, plastered, 17th century
Kirchberger Straße/corner of Forststraße – graveyard with old girding wall, at which two gravestones, 19th century; basalt graveyard cross on altar block, marked 1716, two attendant figures, 18th century; graveyard chapel, quarrystone building, 19th century; “Vesper”, 19th or 20th century
Kirchstraße 7 – building with hipped mansard roof, timber framing plastered, 18th century
Laygasse 13 – spacious quarrystone building, hipped roof, 19th century
Mittelstraße 1 – timber-frame house, partly solid, essentially from the 16th century
Moselallee 2 – quarrystone villa, partly timber-frame, about 1900
Rainstraße 15 – timber-frame house, partly solid, plastered, essentially from the 16th or 17th century
Rainstraße 19 – timber-frame house, partly solid, plastered, half-hipped roof, essentially possibly from the 16th century
Wehrgasse 5 – three-floor timber-frame house, partly solid, mansard roof, 18th century
Wildburg (castle) – residential quarters, keep, possibly before 1122; whole complex
On Kreisstraße 35, way out of the village going towards Bruttig-Fankel – wayside chapel; quarrystone building, 1932
On Kreisstraße 35, going towards Bruttig-Fankel – Gothic Revival wayside cross; about 1900, mosaic from the 1950s
On Kreisstraße 35, going towards Bruttig-Fankel – basalt wayside cross; 18th century
On Landesstraße 108, way out of the village – Baroque cross
Beurenhof – timber-frame chapel, 17th or 18th century
Flaumbachtal 4 – former Premonstratensian convent of Maria Engelport; two-naved basilica and new convent wing, quarrystone, 1903-1905; from the old complex girding wall the church consecrated in 1272 and old wing, 16th or 17th century; coat of arms, marked 1716; quarrystone commercial wing; grotto, 1915; on the way to the graveyard sculptures; at the graveyard cast-iron cross, Rheinböllen foundry, latter half of 19th century
Honshäuserhof – votive cross, marked 1936
Zilskapelle St. Johann Baptist (chapel), formerly St. Cyriakus; aisleless church, early 17th century; outside, two reliefs, marked 1783; pilgrimage cross, marked 1845; 14 Gothic Revival Stations of the Cross, stele form, Bildstock type, 19th century, beginning with chapel with grotto, 18th century, inside, Christ on the Mount of Olives, 18th century; whole complex with Way of the Cross
The name of the building Haus Korbisch is a corruption of the German word Chorbischof (“canonical bishop”).
Museums
The former Saint Castor's Foundation Church (Stiftskirche St. Castor) in Karden (originally a Romanesque building) is said to be the Moseldom (“Moselle Cathedral”). A Foundation museum recalls the greatness of the village's past.
Economy and infrastructure
Transport
Karden railway station is served by Regional-Express trains running between Koblenz, Trier and Saarbrücken.
Gallery
References
External links
Verbandsgemeinde of Treis-Karden
Brief portrait of Treis-Karden with film at SWR Fernsehen
Historical
Foundation’s history in Schorn, Eiflia Sacra Bd. 1, 1888, S. 337ff.
Cochem-Zell | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treis-Karden |
The Patriot Whigs, later the Patriot Party, were a group within the Whig Party in Great Britain from 1725 to 1803. The group was formed in opposition to the government of Robert Walpole in the House of Commons in 1725, when William Pulteney (later 1st Earl of Bath) and seventeen other Whigs joined with the Tory Party in attacks against the ministry. By the mid-1730s, there were over one hundred opposition Whigs in the Commons, many of whom embraced the Patriot label. For many years, they provided a more effective opposition to the Walpole administration than the Tories were.
The Whig Patriots believed that under Walpole, the executive had grown too powerful by the abuse of patronage and government placemen in the Parliament of Great Britain. They also accused Walpole personally of being too partisan, too important and too eager to keep competent potential rivals out of positions of influence. He was further suspected of enriching himself from the public purse. Discontent with Walpole among his fellow Whigs had first been brought to a crisis with the South Sea Bubble and his role as a "screen" to the South Sea directors, as well as the fact that he had made a profit despite the crash. Under Queen Anne, the Tories had sent Walpole to the Tower of London for misappropriations as Secretary at War, and even radical Whigs such as John Tutchin had publicly accused him of siphoning off money.
As self-declared "patriots", the Patriot Whigs were often critical of Britain's foreign policy, especially under the first two Hanoverian kings. Many were convinced that the traditional Whig policy, "No Peace Without Spain", had been correct and that Spain and France were potentially dangerous to Britain. In 1739, their attacks in Parliament against the Walpole ministry's policy toward Spain helped stir up widespread public anger, which led to the War of Jenkins' Ear and ultimately to Walpole's fall three years later, during the War of the Austrian Succession.
An early focus for the Whig Patriots was The Craftsman, a newspaper founded in 1726 by Pulteney and Henry St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke, the former Tory minister, who for a decade called for a "country" party coalition of non-Jacobite Tories and opposition Whigs to defeat Walpole and the Court Whigs. Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, John Gay, and Henry Fielding all wrote for The Craftsman. Bolingbroke's The Idea of a Patriot King (1738; published 1749) adopted the language of "patriotism" to critique political theories used by Walpole and his successors to justify their actions. Many of the anti-Walpolean satires of the 1730s mixed Tory and Patriot Whig stances, and some authors, such as Henry Carey, simultaneously satirized Queen Caroline for her backing of Walpole and penned patriotic operas and songs such as Rule, Britannia! and God Save the King).
The Patriot Whigs never achieved power while Walpole remained in office, and their cohesion was undermined in 1742, when some of their leaders joined the government after Walpole's fall, and Pulteney was elevated to the House of Lords. However, William Pitt the Elder would gather around himself the "Patriot Party", and even in office, he continued to use the language of the Patriot Whigs. The remnants of those who identified as Patriots would later join the unofficial "party" of his son, William Pitt the Younger. Over the decades, those associations would contribute significant personnel and Parliamentary support to government ministries.
See also
Whig Split, a division in the party between 1717 and 1720
Notes
References
Jeremy Black, British Foreign Policy in the Age of Walpole (London: Macmillan 1984; reissue Aldershott: Gregg Revivals 1993)
H. T. Dickinson, Walpole and the Whig Supremacy (London: English Universities Press 1973)
Christine Gerrard, The Patriot Opposition to Walpole: Politics, Poetry, and National Myth, 1725-1742 (London: Oxford University Press, 1995)
Caroline Robbins, The Eighteenth-Century Commonwealthman: Studies in the Transmission, Development, and Circumstance of English Liberal Thought from the Restoration of Charles II until the War with the Thirteen Colonies (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press1959; reissue Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund 2004)
Whig factions
Defunct political parties in the United Kingdom
Politics of the Kingdom of Great Britain
1730s
1725 establishments in Great Britain
1803 disestablishments in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriot%20Whigs |
Værøy Heliport (; ) is a heliport located at Tobbisodden on the island of Værøya in Værøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The heliport lies close to the village of Sørland, the municipal centre of the municipality. The airport, operated by the state-owned Avinor, consists of a single helipad and handled 9,420 passengers in 2014. Services are provided by Lufttransport using the AgustaWestland AW139 to the nearby mainland town of Bodø, based on a public service obligation contract.
Widerøe commenced seaplane operates to Værøy from 1965; five years later the first helicopter services were introduced. Planning of an airport started in the late 1960s, but Værøy Airport did not open until 1986. The fatal Widerøe Flight 839 accident took place on 12 April 1990, causing the airport to be closed. Helicopter services commenced in 1993 and Værøy Heliport opened in 1997, after several locations had been considered. Services were originally operated by Helikopter Service, but Lufttransport has won every tender since 2005.
History
Seaplanes and helicopters
The first aircraft to land on the island of Værøya was a Noorduyn Norseman of the Royal Norwegian Air Force in 1948. Services to Værøy started in 1965, when Widerøe commenced sea plane services to the island using de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otters and Norseman aircraft. The routes were operated two to three times per week as a charter service, with subsidies from the municipalities of Værøy and Røst. At Værøy the airline parked the aircraft in Sørlandsvågen and rowed passengers to and from land with a rowboat. Ragnar Johansen's Cessna was a frequent operator to Værøy for charter services.
Helikopter Service flew between Bodø Airport to Værøy and Røst—the island community further out from Værøy—with three weekly services from 1973. The helicopters doubled as serving for search and rescue duty; in case they were needed for the latter flights to Værøy and Røst were cancelled. The regional airports in Lofoten and Vesterålen opened in 1972, with the Værøy and Røst service being taken over by Widerøe on 1 September 1973. As they did not want to operate helicopters, they subcontracted the operations to Helilift. The service operated twice per day on weekdays and once per day in the weekends, using two sixteen-seat Sikorsky S-58Ts. Subsidies of 1.9 million Norwegian krone (NOK) was granted for the route in 1973, and the service transported 5,359 passengers (from both Røst and Værøy). At Værøy the helicopters landed at Hanna Bakken-jordet in Sørland.
One of the helicopters was bought by Widerøe in December 1976 and the operations were subcontracted to Offshore Helicopters. The second Sikorsky was bought from Helilift in March 1978 and also operated by Offshore Helicopters. Helikopter Service merged with Offshore Helicopters in 1980, and the new Helikopter Service took over the route. They introduced an eleven-seat Bell 212 helicopters from 1 January 1982 because of the high maintenance costs of the S-58Ts. In 1982 the service to both islands handled 7,145 passengers and three tonnes of post and cargo, and made 744 landings. It received subsidies for NOK 4 million.
Airport and accident
Proposals for an airport at Værøy and Røst were launched in the late 1960s. Three locations on Værøy were considered: Kvalnes, Røssnesvågen og Nordlandet. The Norwegian Meteorological Institute concluded in 1973 that Nordlandet was the most suitable location in terms of weather, but test flights showed otherwise. The local population was largely content with the helicopter service, but pressure from Røst resulted in a local acceptance for an airport. Construction began in 1985. and Værøy and Røst Airports opened on 1 June 1986. The airport is located at Nordlandet on the north side of the island of Værøy. It is located on level section of land; just south of the runway is the tall mountain Teisthammeren. The asphalt runway measured .
On 19 January 1989, a Widerøe Twin Otter became uncontrollable due to turbulence during final approach to Værøy. Control was regained when there was height above the sea. This incident caused the airport to be temporarily closed. Widerøe Flight 839 took place on 12 April 1990, when a Twin Otter crashed into the sea just after take-off, killing all five people on board. The cause of the accident were strong winds that exceeded the structure's tolerance, causing the tail rudder and tailplane to crack so the plane became uncontrollable. Uneven and strong winds had given the airport low regularity, and prior to take-off, wind speeds of had been recorded.
Heliport
The airport was closed immediately after the accident. There was a local discussion of whether the airport should be reopened, but on 17 January 1992 the Ministry of Transport and Communications decided that the airport would be permanently closed. The airport facilities are now used as a private dwelling and house a small-scale chocolate factory. The Civil Aviation Administration (later renamed Avinor) started planning a new airport on the island. Initial proposals were Røssnesvågen and Kvalnes, and the ministry also considered establishing a fast ferry service.
Nordland County Municipality started a helicopter service from Værøy to Bodø on 1 January 1993, using the old heliport at Hanna Bakken-jordet. Operations were provided by Helikopter Service. Planning of a state-financed heliport and route resumed in 1995, following a government report on regional aviation. Proposed locations were the old steamship quay, Kvalnes, Torvvågen and Tobbisodden. The latter was chosen and construction commenced in 1996; the heliport was entirely financed by the Civil Aviation Administration and was officially opened on 15 February 1997.
With state-financed operations the service was made subject to public service obligations. The initial three-year contract was won by Helikopter Service, which bid NOK 22.7 million, 28 percent less than they received previously. Other contenders were Helilift and Norsk Helikopter. Helikopter Service retained the contract for three years from 1 August 1999, after being the only contender in a 1999 bid. The three-year contract issued state grants of NOK 32.25 million. In a 2002 tender, valid for three years from 1 August 2002, CHC Helikopter Service won the bid in exchange for subsidies of NOK 55.8 million.
Lufttransport won the tender valid from 1 August 2005, winning ahead of CHC with a bid of NOK 56 million. Lufttransport renewed the contract for a new three years starting 1 August 2008, after they were the only bidder in the tender. They received NOK 102 million for three years. During this period better navigational aids were installed, allowing helicopters to operate during twice per day also during the dark period of the year. Lufttransport was the only bidder for the following contract, which lasts three years from 1 August 2011. The subsidies for this period are NOK 96 million. Because it only serves helicopters, Værøy does not have an aerodrome flight information service (AFIS). As part of the Single European Sky ATM Research program, Avinor installed a remote AFIS service at Værøy, which is controlled from Bodø. If successful, the program may result in regional airports in Norway receiving remote AFIS services.
Facilities
Værøy Heliport is located at Tobbisodden, the outer-most point of Kvitvarden near the village of Sørland on the island of Værøy. The heliport resides at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one helipad, designated 03–21, with an asphalt surface measuring 56 by 32 meters (184 ft × 103 ft). The heliport is owned and operated by the state-owned Avinor. The airport has seventeen free parking spaces; taxis are available. Driving distance to the center of Sørland is five minutes.
Airlines and destinations
Services to Værøy are provided to Bodø twice per day by Lufttransport using a fifteen-seat AgustaWestland AW139 helicopter. The airline operates the route on a public service obligation contract with the Ministry of Transport and Communications. The airport handled 9,420 passengers, 1,252 aircraft movements and 27 tonnes of cargo in 2014.
Statistics
References
Bibliography
Airports in Nordland
Airports in the Arctic
Avinor airports
Værøy
Heliports in Norway
1997 establishments in Norway
Airports established in 1997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A6r%C3%B8y%20Heliport |
The Land Rover Tangi is a type of armoured vehicle, based on the Land Rover chassis and used in policing in Northern Ireland. They were used by the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) and are currently used by its replacement, the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI). The vehicle was designed and built in house by the Royal Ulster Constabulary's own engineers.
History of armoured Land Rovers in Northern Ireland
Due to the Troubles in Northern Ireland the RUC had long used armoured vehicles to provide protection to its officers. The first to be based on the Land Rover appeared in 1957, based on a Series 1 109" wheelbase pick-up body. This incorporated only a basic level of protection, designed to defend against bricks and bottles in a public order situation. An expanded metal cage was fitted over the rear cargo bed and lined with hardboard to prevent sharp objects being thrust through the cage. Similar expanded metal grilles protected the windows and headlights on the vehicle to prevent them being broken by thrown projectiles.
However, it was not long before the police came under attack with firearms; against which the cages and hardboard of the early Land Rovers provided no protection. Plates of ballistic steel were added to each side of the rear cargo bed and an armoured steel door was fitted to the rear. Whilst this provided a greater degree of protection from low velocity weapons, there were many areas of the vehicle which were still unprotected. The RUC realised that a fresh design was required to protect their officers.
The result was the Hotspur Land Rover, named after the brand of armour plate made in Wales used in its construction. The chassis of a civilian Land Rover 109 station wagon was used. Underneath the standard aluminium roof a second roof, fabricated from armoured steel, was installed. This provided overhead protection from gunfire, petrol bombs and IEDs. Large plates of ballistic steel were bolted to the sides of the vehicle, which wrapped around the rear pillar and met with an armoured double door. Both of these doors and the side plates were fitted with sliding pistol ports, allowing the officers inside to return fire in the event of an ambush. The rear doors, sides and roof constituted an armoured box providing all round protection to the crew in the rear of the vehicle. For the protection of the driver and the front seat passenger, the windscreen and side windows were replaced with thick sheets of bulletproof glass, along with armour-plated doors. Finally, a fabricated (not expanded) metal grille could be pulled up over the windscreen to prevent the windscreen being broken by thrown objects during civil disorder, and the side windows covered with a sheet of transparent polycarbonate for the same purpose.
The Hotspur was immediately put into action and worked admirably. Myriad modifications were carried out over the years, including lining the vehicles' lower panels with sheets of polycarbonate to prevent the body panels from being dented during civil disorder. Metal grilles and rubber skirts were fitted around the lower perimeter of the vehicle to prevent projectiles being thrown under the body at officers who were sheltering behind, and also to prevent beer kegs being rolled under the vehicle in an attempt to immobilise it.
By the end of 1983, 151 Hotspurs had also been fitted with a fire extinguishing system operated by the front seat passenger. In the event of the vehicle being hit by a petrol bomb, as was not uncommon during civil disorder, a dashboard button was pressed. This caused the heater blower and engine fan to switch off, and a fire extinguisher was automatically discharged through a series of pipes into the engine bay and over the windscreen and bonnet.
The Hotspur was complemented by a more advanced armoured Land Rover called the Simba. This, rather than being a civilian Land Rover with armour bolted on, was a chassis which was fitted with a purpose built armoured steel body providing 360-degree protection against high velocity rifle fire, bricks, bottles, petrol bombs and small improvised explosive devices.
However, due to the Simba's advanced and purpose built nature it was very slow to produce and the Hotspur Land Rovers were beginning to wear out, so a solution was needed to quickly get more armoured police vehicles on the streets. The answer was the Land Rover Tangi.
The Tangi
Armour kits from retired Hotspurs were fitted onto brand-new Land Rover Defender 110 civilian chassis. When donor kits ran out, the RUC workshops began to fabricate brand-new ones. The vehicles' headlights were initially protected from damage by transparent polycarbonate shields, but these were quickly found to be less durable than the original metal grilles of the Hotspur and were replaced. At the front and rear of the roof each of the Tangis were fitted with a remotely controlled spotlight and a rotating blue warning light, all protected by expanded metal grilles. The Hotspur's side skirts were retained, as was its fire protection system. In addition, burning petrol was prevented from entering the engine bay by a fabric strip around the bonnet edge and at the hinge between the bonnet and the front bulkhead. Further, the engine radiator was protected from damage with a substantial louvred grill fabricated from 3 mm steel sheet.
The first Tangi (registration HXI 3593, fleet number 8203) went into action on 16 January 1986. Crews were very welcoming of the Tangi and much preferred it to the Hotspur, mainly thanks to its power steering, coil spring suspension, disc brakes and factory air conditioning which the Hotspur lacked, and that it was impervious to most of the weapons encountered during civil disorder.
The use of a drogue bomb which damaged the roof of one vehicle during rioting at Dawson Street in Belfast led to the developing of the 'Dawson' roof. The crew of the Land Rover were saved from serious injury as they had packed riot shields using ropes above their heads forming a second skin. The roofs now effectively were designed with a second steel roof mounted over the first and works similar to spaced armour, detonating the IED before it struck the main armoured roof. Vehicles fitted with the Dawson roof were easily identified due to its large, angular appearance.
Similar IEDs were fitted with small drogues on the rear, so they could be thrown horizontally to strike the side of a Tangi thus circumventing the additional roof armour. The RUC responded to this with a similar measure to the Dawson roof, fitting a plate of ballistic steel several inches from the hull to detonate the bomb before it struck the main armoured body. In this final form, with the Dawson roof and hardened side armour, the Tangi is seen on the streets of Northern Ireland today.
Operational use
Tangis are known to the local population as 'Meat Wagons'. This name comes from the police being called 'pigs' and from other armoured vehicles used by the British Army in Northern Ireland, such as the Humber Pig. The vehicles are synonymous with Northern Ireland's Troubles. At the height of the Troubles the vehicles were essential for patrolling across Northern Ireland, carrying two police officers in the front and a maximum of five officers wearing riot helmets and carrying shields in the rear. At this time they were painted in a dark grey livery. One person, Alan McCormick, a Protestant civilian, was killed after being hit by one of the vehicles during the Troubles, during a riot situation in Ballysillan in 1986.
Since the Good Friday Agreement and the resulting peace, the vehicles are largely used for crowd control, though some are still used for patrol purposes in areas where Dissident Paramilitaries still operate. The vehicles are now painted in standard white, yellow and blue Battenburg markings, as seen on the majority of police vehicles throughout the United Kingdom, rather than the original battleship grey. The original rotating blue beacons have been replaced with full width halogen light bars and small blue strobes fitted to the front grill.
Status
More than half of the former RUC (now PSNI) fleet of 450 armoured Land Rovers were decommissioned under the terms of the Good Friday Agreement. A number, mainly Tangis, came back to Great Britain to be refurbished and distributed among UK forces. North Wales Police are known to operate Tangis, South Yorkshire Police have three and after the Bradford riots West Yorkshire Police bought six. Currently the Tangis are being phased out in Northern Ireland for new replacement models of the OVIK PANGOLIN Public Order Land Rover (Mk 1 & 2) and the Penman Public Order Land Rover.
The vehicle has become popular with collectors. Die-cast models and artwork of the vehicles are available.
The Hotspur Hussar
The Hotspur Hussar is a military armoured personnel carrier designed in 1984 and based upon the Land Rover Hotspur and Tangi. It features a third driven axle to provide a 6x6 configuration and is capable of carrying a crew of two plus ten fully equipped soldiers over rugged terrain. Up to six gun ports may be provided, three on each side of the vehicle through which the occupants can fire at an enemy. The Hotspur Hussar was exported to Egypt and Sri Lanka.
See also
Snatch Land Rover – similar vehicle used by the Army during The Troubles
Shorland – Land Rover-based armoured car
References
Wheeled armoured personnel carriers
All-wheel-drive vehicles
Internal security vehicles
Armoured cars of the United Kingdom
Armoured cars
Cars of Northern Ireland
History of Northern Ireland
Police Service of Northern Ireland
Royal Ulster Constabulary
Tangi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land%20Rover%20Tangi |
NewFest: The New York Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender Film Festival put on by The New Festival, Inc., is one of the most comprehensive forums of national and international LGBT film/video in the world.
Founded in 1988, The New Festival, Inc is a non-profit media arts organization dedicated to showcasing the newest and best LGBT media for the greater New York metropolitan area.
As a partner in the first national LGBTQ media arts organization, NewFest hopes to expand its goals all over the country. NewFest strives to encourage and foster environments for LGBTQ and allied filmmakers and viewers to represent the diversity and complexity of voices in the LGBTQ community, and to amplify those voices across the nation.
List of Events
The largest and most popular program from the New Festival is the week long NewFest LGBT film festival. Additionally, year-round events include: NewFest@BAM an annual "Best of NewFest" showcase at the landmark Brooklyn Academy of Music's Rose Cinemas; NewDraft, a screenplay reading and competition; and the Logo Lounge, which provides a space for viewers, producers, screenplays, and filmmakers can mingle and network during the film festival.
NewFest has partnered with the LGBT Center in NYC to screen films on a monthly basis at the Center. Screenings to include discussions with the filmmakers.
In 2020, the festival was one of the key partners, alongside Outfest Los Angeles, the Frameline Film Festival and the Inside Out Film and Video Festival, in the North American Queer Festival Alliance, an initiative to further publicize and promote LGBT film.
Grand Jury Award Winners
2020: Cowboys, Welcome to the USA, and Keyboard Fantasies: The Beverly Glenn-Copeland Story
2019: Tremors and Queen of Lapa
2018: Jules of Light and Dark, Retablo, and Sidney & Friends
2017: The Feels, The City of the Future, and Alabama Bound
2011: Circumstance and Gone
2010: The Topp Twins: Untouchable Girls
2009: and Prodigal Sons
2008: The Lost Coast, The Amazing Truth About Queen Raquela, and Be Like Others
2007: Times Have Been Better and Saving Marriage
2006: The Gymnast, Go West, and Camp Out
2005: A Year Without Love and Little Man
2004: You I Love and Garden
2003: Between Two Women, I Exist, and The Gift
2002: The Ignorant Fairies and Out in the Cold
2001: O Fantasma and Bombay Eunuch
2000: Water Drops on Burning Rocks and Our House: A Very Real Documentary About Kids of Gay & Lesbian Parents
1997: Chocolate Babies and You Don't Know Dick: Courageous Hearts of Transsexual Men
Audience Award Winners
2020: Dating Amber and Cured
2019: And Then We Danced and A Night at Switch n' Play
2018: Rafiki and Man Made
2017: A Date for Mad Mary and Hot to Trot
2016: Suicide Kale and Political Animals
2015: Those People and The Same Difference
2014: The Way He Looks
2013: Free Fall, Out in the Dark and Valentine Road
2012: My Best Day and Love Free or Die
2011: The Wise Kids, Turtle Hill, Brooklyn, and One Night Stand
2010: Children of God
2009: Mississippi Damned and Florent: Queen of the Meat Market
2008: Pageant
2007: Out at the Wedding
2006: Cruel and Unusual
2005: Left Lane: On the Road with Folk Poet Alix Olson
2004: Girl Play
2003: Brother Outsider: The Life of Bayard Rustin
2002: Ruthie and Connie: Every Room in the House
2001: The Iron Ladies
See also
List of film festivals in New York
List of LGBT film festivals
Cinema of the United States
LGBT culture in New York City
References
External links
The New Festival, Inc.
NewFest on Facebook
BAM Rose Cinemas
Pioneer Theater
Cinepolis USA - Chelsea
OutFest
List of LGBT Film Festivals
Film festivals established in 1988
LGBT events in New York (state)
Film festivals in New York City
LGBT film festivals in the United States
LGBT culture in New York City
1988 establishments in New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20Lesbian%2C%20Gay%2C%20Bisexual%2C%20%26%20Transgender%20Film%20Festival |
Elvira: Mistress of the Dark is a 1988 American comedy horror film directed by James Signorelli, starring Cassandra Peterson as eccentric horror host Elvira. The film's screenplay, written by Peterson, John Paragon, and Sam Egan, follows Elvira inheriting a house nestled in the heart of an overtly prudish community.
The film received mixed reviews from critics, with Peterson nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actress as well as a Razzie Award for Worst Actress.
The film marked Elvira's big-screen debut, having previously gained notoriety on the Movie Macabre television program. The character subsequently returned to theaters in the 2001 film Elvira's Haunted Hills.
Plot
Buxom Los Angeles TV horror hostess Elvira, Mistress of the Dark, quits her job after the station's new owner sexually harasses her. She plans to open an act in Las Vegas, but needs $50,000 for the project. Upon learning she is a beneficiary of her deceased great-aunt Morgana, she travels to Fallwell, Massachusetts, to claim the inheritance, which includes a mansion, a recipe book and Morgana's pet poodle, Algonquin.
In Fallwell, Elvira's worldly attitude and revealing clothes set the conservative town council against her, but theater operator Bob Redding befriends her. The town's teenagers quickly accept her, to the chagrin of their parents, who consider her a bad influence. Bowling alley owner Patty is interested in Bob, and at Elvira's late-night horror film festival at Bob's theater, she succeeds in humiliating Elvira. Elvira struggles to sell the house so she can depart for Las Vegas. Meanwhile, she is unaware that her harsh but seemingly-harmless uncle, Vincent Talbot, is actually a warlock who is obsessed with obtaining Morgana's spellbook. He offers Elvira fifty dollars for the book. When he visits Morgana's house to buy it from Elvira, Algonquin hides it much to Vincent's dismay. He plans to kill Elvira and conquer the world, and has been fueling the townspeople's hostility.
Elvira tries to impress Bob with a home-cooked dinner, but mistakenly uses the spellbook as a cookbook and summons a creature that attacks them. Elvira learns that the cookbook was actually her mother Divana's spellbook, and that Morgana hid her as an infant to protect her from Vincent. When Elvira tries to unleash the creature against the Morality Club at their picnic for revenge, she prepares the brew incorrectly and it instead has an aphrodisiac effect; the adults begin behaving sexually, dancing and removing their clothing while Elvira observes nearby. She is accosted by Vincent, who again offers to buy the book for a much higher price which is this time refused by Elvira. When Patty confronts Elvira, the resulting fistfight ends up humiliating Patty by revealing that her bra is stuffed.
Vincent leads the townspeople in arresting Elvira for witchcraft, which is still illegal in the state. They decide to burn her at the stake. The teenagers try to free her from jail but fail and accidentally lock themselves into a different cell. Bob tries to recover the spellbook from the mansion, but is tied up by Vincent and his goons, who take the book. Algonquin transforms into a rat and frees Bob by gnawing through his bonds. Elvira is tied to a stake and the fire is lit, but she uses Morgana's ring to summon a rainstorm which quenches the flames; she then escapes with Bob. At the mansion, Elvira and Vincent engage in a magical battle that sets fire to the house. Elvira banishes Vincent to the underworld, while the house and all of the magical artifacts are destroyed.
The next day, Elvira prepares to leave town. The townspeople apologize for their behavior, and they ask Elvira to stay. She kisses Bob but, as she is homeless, she insists that she must leave. As his sole living relative, Elvira has inherited Vincent's estate, which allows her to open her show in Las Vegas, where she performs a lavishly-produced musical number.
Cast
Production
Pre-production
As her Elvira character skyrocketed to fame, Cassandra Peterson announced plans to spin her off into a feature film. NBC casting director Joel Thurm pitched the idea of a sitcom to network president Brandon Tartikoff, who became enthusiastic about the notion. However, Peterson had her heart set on bringing the character to the big screen, and there were concerns that she would never get the opportunity if she made the leap to prime time. Tartikoff later finalized a deal for NBC to produce a film, which would possibly be followed up with sequels, and eventually a TV series but he ended up leaving the network before a show materialized.
Peterson and frequent writing collaborator John Paragon met in the comedy troupe The Groundlings, and he worked his way up from recurring guest-star to writer on her Movie Macabre series. Sam Egan was brought into the fold because he was an experienced TV writer and had impressed Peterson with his script for The Fall Guy episode "October the 31st," which he had written explicitly for her. Tartikoff pushed for a storyline similar to Harper Valley PTA, and after the first draft was turned in, the writers were forced to add a group of teenagers, which resulted in reducing screen time for all of the other characters.
After appearing in a small part in Pee-Wee's Big Adventure, Peterson thought Tim Burton was the perfect choice to direct her film, but he got tied up with the production of Beetlejuice. Tartikoff tapped James Signorelli to direct. Although Signorelli only had one feature film to his credit, he had been prolifically churning out commercial parodies on Saturday Night Live since 1977.
Peterson was dealt a crushing blow with the 1986 AIDS-related death of Robert Redding, to whom she dedicated the film and named the character of Bob after. She and Redding had collaborated to create Elvira's look, and he painted the portrait which is used for Morgana Talbot. Accustomed to Redding styling her wigs, Peterson became perpetually unhappy with their appearance and later admitted that she was too harsh with the film's wig stylist.
The name of the fictional town of Fallwell, Massachusetts, where Elvira moves to in the film, has been noted for its resemblance to the surname of Jerry Fallwell, an American televangelist, conservative activist, and co-founder of the Moral Majority.
Casting
Many roles were played by Cassandra Peterson's associates from The Groundlings, including Edie McClurg (Chastity Pariah), Tress MacNeille (Anchorwoman), Joey Arias (Hitchhiker), Lynne Marie Stewart (Bartender), Deryl Carroll (Charlie), and co-writer John Paragon (Gas Station Attendant). Paul Reubens was also supposed to appear in a bit part, but this became unfeasible when Big Top Pee-wee went into concurrent production, so his cameo came in the form of a Pee-Wee Herman doll that is visible in Elvira's dressing room. Additionally, Eve Smith was a regular on Movie Macabre (playing Elvira's Auntie Virus), Peterson's parents were prominently featured as extras during her character's arrival in Fallwell, her assistant was the game show girl, and the motorcycle cop was played by ex-boyfriend Bill Cable, whom she had posed with for a 1974 Playgirl magazine spread.
The role of Elvira's "Uncle Vinnie" was written specifically for Vincent Price, and although they had become friends, he passed due to the racy material. Producer Joel Thurm zeroed in on William Morgan Sheppard for the part, but he became frustrated as Sheppard changed his readings from one audition to the next. On the day Sheppard had to audition for network executives, Thurm told him to be "more evil," and Sheppard took this note to heart, which won him the role.
Bob Redding was written as the male "equivalent of a blonde bimbo," but they had difficulty finding anyone who had both the looks and the acting skills to pull it off. All eyes were on Daniel Greene when he came in to audition, and he was convinced that he got the part due to a genuinely stunned, naive reaction that he had to one of Peterson's off-color remarks.
Kurt Fuller, who was cast as Fallwell's realtor, Mr. Glotter, was actually supporting himself working in real estate. He was so convinced that he had bombed his audition that he told his agent that he quit showbiz. Later that day, his agent called to say that he had been offered the role.
The role of Randy was narrowed down to two actors: Kris Kamm and Brad Pitt. Kamm won the part because Peterson felt Pitt was so handsome that Elvira would ignore Bob and fawn over him.
Filming
The film was shot over a span of eight weeks, between January and March 1988. The first scenes were shot at a bowling alley in Montrose, California, and Peterson worried about beginning the production with her character's big monologue, but much bigger stresses were soon to follow.
One of the most problematic issues was Peterson's costar, Binnie, a temperamental poodle that did not seem to like anyone except his trainer. Peterson would not allow them to use a permanent dye on the dog's fur, instead, they used a vegetable dye mixture that had to be touched up and reapplied daily. The dog had trouble hitting its mark, it did not perform properly and actually attacked Kurt Fuller's ankle, leaving the actor with long-lasting scars, plus entire scenes had to be dubbed to mute the trainer's commands.
Music
The original musical score was composed by James B. Campbell. Although there were several well-known songs in the film, licensing the original recordings was cost-prohibitive, so they were covered by stock singers. The goofy ditty "Chicken Fried Steak", which is faintly heard at the gas station, was an original composition written and performed by the founder of The Groundlings.
There was no soundtrack album and the majority of songs have never been issued, but "Here I Am" and two different versions of Lori Chako's "Once Bitten, Twice Shy" eventually surfaced on the digital compilation Elvira's Gravest Hits.
Reception
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, which categorizes reviews only as positive or negative, 56% of 25 reviews are positive. The consensus summarizes: "A gothic, campy, raunchy comedy elevated by Cassandra Peterson's iconic persona yet driven off course by one-note jokes, this isn't the best — or worst — introduction to Elvira, Mistress of the Dark." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 43 out of 100 based on five critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Caryn James in The New York Times rated the film 2/5 in 1988 saying that "there are only a couple of fresh and funny moments."
Writing for The Washington Post in 1999, Richard Harrington said the film "is stupid fun, a distaff, gothic version of Pee-wee's Playhouse. (...) [Elvira is] fun, a Transylvania Valley Girl grown up into the Queen of the Bs, but after 96 minutes you may start thinking more fondly about those '50s and '60s camp classics she's usually interspersed with."
Anthony Arrigo said in Dread Central in 2020 that "Elvira managed to make a seemingly oxymoronic character into a household name, built off her bountiful looks, quick wit, and indefatigable charisma." Daniel Barnes said in 2020 that "this one-note vehicle throws ambiguity and subtlety out the window in favor of a barrage of unfunny boob jokes." In Nashville Scene in 2021, Jason Shawhan said it's "campy, witty and always eager to push the bawdy limits of a PG-13 rating."
The film was not a commercial success; Peterson has stated that the distribution company for the film went out of business literally the day before release, causing the number of theaters showing the film to drop from over 2,500 to roughly 500, which resulted in the low box office.
Awards and nominations
The film received a Razzie Award nomination for Cassandra Peterson as Worst Actress in 1989, losing to Liza Minnelli for both Arthur 2: On the Rocks and Rent-a-Cop. "I even lost the worst actress, now that's sad!" Peterson quipped.
Nominations
Legacy
1990s–2000s: Proposed sequel, and Elvira's Haunted Hills
Peterson quickly sold a script for a sequel, but it got tied up in red tape when Carolco Pictures went bankrupt. She followed through with plans to star in a sitcom, but 1993's The Elvira Show did not secure a spot on the TV schedule. Soon after, she announced the forthcoming Elvira Vs. the Vampire Women, but a contract dispute with Roger Corman prevented the film from being produced.
The script for Elvira's Haunted Hills was written in the late 1990s, but after spending three years trying to get Hollywood to produce the project, she and then-husband Mark Pierson decided to finance it themselves. The shoot in Romania was grueling, and they had difficulty securing distribution. In the same vein as Young Frankenstein, Haunted Hills spoofs the 1960s Roger Corman/Edgar Allan Poe films. Other than the Elvira character, there's no direct connection between the films, although it is sometimes referred to as a prequel since it is set more than a century earlier.
2010s–present: Netflix and Shudder
Prior to Mistress of the Dark, there were already plans to feature Elvira in an animated series, but this has yet to materialize. In 2019, Peterson pitched the idea to Netflix and Shudder, which both passed. Around the same time, the character made her inaugural Scooby-Doo appearance in Return to Zombie Island. Elvira returned the following year with an increased role in Happy Halloween, Scooby-Doo!, in which she spends the bulk of in a flat-top variation of the Macabremobile and dispatches another monster with a stiletto to the forehead.
Peterson's Scooby experience was so positive that, after years of trying to get a third film produced, she announced in 2020 that the next Elvira film will likely be an animated feature. Although no specifics have been released, a detailed story treatment has been completed.
In October 2021, Elvira's 40th birthday special was announced on the YouTube channel for Shudder streaming, with the video "Burn Witch Burn". Throughout October, for Halloween, Elvira featured horror movies catalog on Netflix's YouTube channel, titled Netflix & Chills Meet Dr. Elvira.
References
External links
1988 films
1988 independent films
1988 comedy horror films
1980s English-language films
1980s supernatural horror films
American comedy horror films
American independent films
Elvira, Mistress of the Dark
Films about inheritances
Films about witchcraft
Films based on television series
Films directed by James Signorelli
Films set in country houses
Films set in Massachusetts
Films shot in Los Angeles
NBC Productions films
New World Pictures films
Self-reflexive films
American supernatural horror films
American drama television films
1980s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvira%3A%20Mistress%20of%20the%20Dark%20%28film%29 |
The Muslim American Public Affairs Council (MAPAC) is an American-Muslim political and public advocacy group headquartered in Raleigh, North Carolina. MAPAC began having annual fundraisers in 2003.
The mission of MAPAC is two-fold. First, it is focused on Political Affairs to participate in the political process in order to "Influence policies affecting Muslims, provide Islamic perspectives on various issues, and defend the civil rights of Muslims." Second, it is focused on Media to develop a working relationship with the media in order to "Present Islamic viewpoints on political and social issues, respond to defamation and misinformation of Islam and Muslims, and educate media personnel about Islam and Muslims."
MAPAC is one of the newer American Muslim advocacy group in the United States. It has hosted a number of progressive speakers, and recently brought Nihad Awad, Norman Finkelstein, and Cindy Sheehan.
MAPAC-Live TV
MAPAC has its own regular television program in the Research Triangle called MAPAC-Live TV. It discusses current issues of local, national, and international topics. Guest panelists include both non-Muslim and Muslim individuals. The goal of the program is to give the media a Muslim voice and shed light on the misconceptions of Muslims and Islam.
MAPAC announced Marc Conaghan as their first Executive Director in January 2007.
References
External links
MAPAC website
Islamic organizations based in the United States
Organizations based in Raleigh, North Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim%20American%20Public%20Affairs%20Council |
Brigham Paul Doane (born June 16, 1981), better known by his ring name Masada, is an American professional wrestler currently competing in Xtreme Pro Wrestling. Masada is the current XPW World Heavyweight Champion.
He is best known for his appearances in Ring of Honor (ROH), Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW), Anarchy Championship Wrestling (ACW), Westside Xtreme Wrestling (wXw), Full Impact Pro (FIP), NWA Wildside, and his tours with Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW). He has also wrestled matches for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), Game Changer Wrestling (GCW) and All Elite Wrestling (AEW). Masada is a former CZW World Heavyweight Champion, which he held simultaneously with the CZW Ultraviolent Underground Championship.
Career
Early years
Doane was trained by Steve Oubre at the Coastal Wrestling Academy in Orange, Texas, Rudy Boy Gonzalez and Shawn Michaels at the Texas Wrestling Academy. He then began his professional career by debuting in the Coastal States Wrestling Alliance (CSWA) before moving to Ring of Honor as a member of The Carnage Crew with HC Loc, DeVito, and later Justin Credible. Together, they would wrestle a number of tag matches. He also wrestled in six-man mayhem matches and proved that despite his size, he could still move quickly and keep up with the smaller competitors. At At Our Best, Masada and the rest of The Carnage Crew (accompanied by Dusty Rhodes) won the second ever Scramble Cage in the main event against Special K, who The Carnage Crew had been feuding with. However, The Carnage Crew's celebration with Rhodes was cut short in the locker room as it was discovered that somebody had defecated in the bags of Loc and DeVito.
Two months later, at Generation Next, it was revealed that Masada and his new partner Danny Daniels were responsible for the transgressions. That night, he and Daniels formed a team called The New and Improved Carnage Crew and defeated the original Carnage Crew. This new team left Loc and DeVito wondering why Masada turned on them, and also wondering what Daniels has against them. The Carnage Crew wanted revenge, but DeVito was injured and told Loc to wait for him to return until taking out his anger. During this time, Masada and Daniels looked impressive as a team, however, when DeVito returned the two teams would meet. At Reborn: Completion, The Carnage Crew defeated The New and Improved Carnage Crew for the rights to use the Carnage Crew name in what turned out to be Masada's last match in ROH.
Along with ROH, Masada wrestled for many other companies. He wrestled alongside Jared Steele and Delirious against 3 Live Kru in a dark match for TNA as well against Maven on WWE Heat. Masada also wrestled for IWA Mid-South, Full Impact Pro, and NWA Wildside, where he won the Tag Team championship with Todd Sexton. Masada wrestled in BJW also, feuding with Ryuji Ito.
Deathmatch exploits
On December 25, 2008, Masada had an extremely bloody deathmatch involving razor blades against Jun Kasai in Apache Pro-Wrestling. He wrestled in the IWA Mid-South King of the Deathmatches 2009, winning the tournament in a bloody final which also included Necro Butcher, Thumbtack Jack and Dysfunction. He wrestled in the CZW Tournament of Death: Rewind losing to Thumbtack Jack in the finals. Masada defended the Anarchy Championship Wrestling World Hardcore Championship against Jerry Lynn on August 22, 2010 in Austin Texas. After a nearly two-year reign, Masada lost the title to Matthew Palmer at Guilty by Association 6 in a Scaffold Match. On June 25, 2011, Masada became only the second wrestler (behind Necro Butcher) to win both IWA-MS's "King of the Deathmatches" and CZW's "Tournament of Death". On July 9, 2011, Masada defeated Danny Havoc for the CZW Ultraviolent Underground Championship. On March 10, 2012, Masada won the CZW World Heavyweight Championship after defeating previous champion Scotty Vortekz, D. J. Hyde and Devon Moore in a four-way match. On June 23, 2012, Masada defeated Drake Younger to win the 2012 CZW Tournament of Death. With the victory, Masada became the first wrestler to win the tournament in consecutive years. On August 10, 2013, Masada lost the CZW World Heavyweight Championship to Drew Gulak. On September 5, 2015, Masada won the GCW's Nick Gage Invitational defeating Cpl. Robinson in the first round, defeating Nate Hatred in the Semifinals, and then defeating Danny Havoc in the final. On January 9, 2016, Masada returned to Ring of Honor and unsuccessfully challenged Roderick Strong for the ROH World Television Championship. On November 7, 2020 Masada lost in the finals of GCW NGI 5 to Mance Warner. He defeated AJ Gray in the first round and defeated Shane Mercer in the semifinals.
Xtreme Pro Wrestling
Masada joined the revived Xtreme Pro Wrestling in 2021, competing at their Rebirth event on November 7, 2021. In a tournament to crown a new XPW World Heavyweight Champion, Masada defeated Rhino in the quarterfinals, but lost to Willie Mack in the semifinals. Masada participated in the 16-person King of the Deathmatch tournament at Killafornia on April 9, 2022. Masada defeated Lucky 13, Pagano and Big f'n Joe, but ultimately lost to SHLAK in the final to determine a new XPW King of the Deathmatch Champion. On June 25, 2022, Masada defeated Extremo at Beautiful Disaster. On August 13, 2022, Masada won the XPW World Heavyweight Championship at Night of Reckoning in a three-way dance with Brian Cage and Willie Mack.
Championships and accomplishments
ACW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
ACW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Killah Kash
ACW World Hardcore Championship (1 time)
9th Annual Lone Star Classic (2014)
Combat Zone Wrestling
CZW Ultraviolent Underground Championship (1 time)1
CZW World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Tournament of Death X (2011)
Tournament of Death XI (2012)
Tournament of Death: Europe (2012)
Extreme Texas Wrestling
ETW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Freedoms
Pain Limit (2010)
Game Changer Wrestling
Nick Gage Invitational Ultraviolent Tournament (2015)
Heavy Metal Wrestling
HMW Bexar Knuckles Championship (1 time)
HMW Bexar Knuckles Championship Tournament (2019)
Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South
IWA Mid-South King of the Deathmatch (2009)
NWA Wildside
NWA Wildside Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Todd Sexton
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him #94 of the top 500 wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2013
River City Wrestling
RCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
RCW International Championship (1 time)
XCW Wrestling
XCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Battle Box 8 (2007)
1Championship was unified with the CZW World Title, retiring the title and making Masada the last champion.
Xtreme Pro Wrestling
XPW World Heavyweight Championship (1 time, current)
Branded Outlaw Wrestling Heavyweight Champion (2016) defeating Ray Rowe in a Dog Collar Match
Notes
External links
Official Carnage Crew Site
1981 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Waco, Texas
American male professional wrestlers
Professional wrestlers from Texas
CZW World Heavyweight Champions
21st-century professional wrestlers
CZW Ultraviolent Underground Champions
XPW World Heavyweight Champions
NWA Georgia Tag Team Champions
CZW Tournament of Death winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masada%20%28wrestler%29 |
The Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) was a line infantry regiment of the English and later the British Army from 1661 to 1959. It was the senior English line infantry regiment of the British Army, behind only the Royal Scots in the British Army line infantry order of precedence.
In 1959, the regiment was amalgamated with the East Surrey Regiment, to form a single county regiment called the Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment which was, on 31 December 1966, amalgamated with the Queen's Own Buffs, The Royal Kent Regiment, the Royal Sussex Regiment and the Middlesex Regiment (Duke of Cambridge's Own) to form the Queen's Regiment. Following a further amalgamation in 1992 with the Royal Hampshire Regiment, the lineage of the regiment is continued today by the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment (Queen's and Royal Hampshires).
Titles
The regiment was raised in 1661 by Henry Mordaunt, 2nd Earl of Peterborough as The Earl of Peterborough's Regiment of Foot on Putney Heath (then in Surrey) specifically to garrison the new English acquisition of Tangier, part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry when she married King Charles II. From this service, it was also known as the Tangier Regiment. As was usual at the time, it was also named after its current colonel, from one of whom, Percy Kirke, it acquired its nickname Kirke's Lambs. It was withdrawn along with the rest of the Tangier Garrison when Charles II abandoned the colony.
In 1685, it was given the Royal title the Queen Dowager's Regiment of Foot (after Queen Catherine, widow of Charles II) and in 1703 became The Queen's Royal Regiment of Foot. In 1715, it was renamed The Princess of Wales's Own Regiment of Foot after Caroline of Ansbach, then Princess of Wales, and was re-designated The Queen's Own Regiment of Foot in 1727 when the Princess became Queen. It was ranked as 2nd Foot in the clothing regulations of 1747, and was renamed 2nd (The Queen's Royal) Regiment of Foot by Royal warrant in 1751.
In the Childers reforms of 1881 it became the county regiment of West Surrey, named The Queen's (Royal West Surrey) Regiment. In 1921, its title was slightly altered to The Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey). By 1950 it was known as The Queen's Royal Regiment. In 1959, it was amalgamated with the East Surrey Regiment, to form the Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment.
History
Early years
The regiment shipped to Tangier where it remained until the port was evacuated in 1684, when it returned to England. It took part in the suppression of the Monmouth Rebellion, fighting at the Battle of Sedgemoor, where it earned a widespread (but probably exaggerated) reputation for brutality. After the Glorious Revolution, it fought in Ireland for the new king, William III, defending the besieged Derry in 1689 and at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690. From 1692 to 1696 it fought in Flanders in the Nine Years' War, at the Battle of Landen and the recapture of Namur in 1695.
During the War of Spanish Succession it served in the Iberian campaign, at Cadiz, Vigo, the sieges of Valencia de Alcantara, Alburquerque, Badajoz, Alcantara and Ciudad Rodrigo, and was virtually destroyed in the disastrous Battle of Almansa. In the campaign in the Low Countries in 1703, it defended Tongres against overwhelming odds, giving Lord Overkirk time to re-group his forces, until it was eventually captured. It was for this action that it was awarded its Royal title and its mottoes. It spent most of the remainder of the 18th century on garrison duty, being one of the regiments involved in putting down the Gordon Riots.
French and Napoleonic Wars
On the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars, detachments were in the West Indies and acting as marines in the Channel Fleet, notably at the battle of the Glorious First of June in 1794, where they served on Howe's flagship, Queen Charlotte and also on board Russell, Defence, Royal George and Majestic. In recognition of the regiment's service, it was granted the distinction of wearing a Naval Crown superscribed 1 June 1794 on its colours.
The regiment was then reunited and sent to the West Indies where it took part in the capture of Guadeloupe in 1794, although the occupation was short-lived owing to outbreaks of disease, particularly yellow fever, among the troops, and the capture of Trinidad in 1797. A second battalion was formed in 1795 and stationed in Guernsey before being shipped to Martinique, where it was disbanded in 1797, its personnel being absorbed by 1st Battalion.
The regiment was transferred to Ireland in 1798 where it helped put down the Irish rebellion and then took part in the unsuccessful 1799 Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland. In 1800, it was part of the abortive expedition to Belle Isle, from which it sailed to Egypt where it fought at the Battle of Alexandria, the Siege of Fort Julien and the Siege of Alexandria.
During the Napoleonic Wars, the regiment first fought in the Peninsular War at the battles of Vimeiro and Corunna. It then took part in the disastrous Walcheren Campaign before returning to the Peninsula to fight at the Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro, the second Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo, the Battle of Salamanca and the unsuccessful Siege of Burgos. By the winter of 1812, the regiment was so depleted by casualties and disease that four companies were amalgamated with the equally weakened 2nd Battalion, 53rd Foot, to form the 2nd Provisional Battalion. Six cadre companies returned home to re-form. As part of the 4th Division, the Provisional Battalion took part in the Wellington's triumph at the Battle of Vittoria on 21 June 1813, followed by the Siege of San Sebastián and, 1814, the battles of Orthes and Toulouse.
The Victorian era
The regiment was on garrison duty in Baluchistan when the First Afghan War broke out in 1839. It formed part of the force that attacked the previously impregnable city of Ghazni, taking the city by storm because the army lacked siege equipment, and opening the way to Kabul. It returned to India in November 1839, storming the city of Khelat en route, and avoiding destruction along with the rest of Elphinstone's army.
The regiment was shipped to the Cape Colony during the Eighth Xhosa War in 1851. On 25 February 1852 a detachment of 51 men under the command of Ensign Boyland were aboard HMS Birkenhead travelling from Simon's Town to Port Elizabeth when the ship struck rocks. The troops were assembled on deck and remained at attention to afford the embarked women and children time to take their place in the lifeboats. Shortly after this the ship broke up and the vast majority of the troops on board were either drowned or fell victim to sharks. The bravery of the troops, made up of cadres from ten different regiments, led to the naming of the Birkenhead Drill. It once again became the 1st Battalion when the 2nd Battalion was reformed in 1857, and went to China in 1860 at the time of the Second Opium War, fighting at the Third Battle of Taku Forts and the capture of Beijing. It was stationed in the Imperial fortress colony of Bermuda from 1864 to 1866. Although too far North for yellow fever to establish itself in perpetuity, the disease was introduced to Bermuda several times during the 19th century by mail boats from the West Indies, causing endemics that resulted in many deaths, most particularly among members of the armed forces. Under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel F. L. O. Attye, the battalion arrived at the Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda (aboard HMS Orontes from Gibraltar, via Madeira) on the 15 July 1864, in the midst of one of these epidemics and its losses in Bermuda included Assistant Surgeon James Murray Chalk at St. George's Garrison on 8 February 1865 and Douglas James Mounteny Rose, the five-year-old son of Lieutenant-Colonel Rose, who died the following day. The battalion lost fifty-two officers and men in the epidemic. The battalion departed Bermuda for Cork, Ireland, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Werge, aboard HMS Orontes on the 3 November 1866.
The regiment was not fundamentally affected by the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, which gave it a depot at Stoughton Barracks in Guildford from 1873, or by the Childers reforms of 1881 – as it already possessed two battalions, there was no need for it to amalgamate with another regiment. Under the reforms it became The Queen's (Royal West Surrey) Regiment on 1 July 1881. In 1897–98, a battalion took part in the Tirah Expedition on the North-West Frontier.
The 1st battalion was stationed at Malta from 1891, then in India where it was posted at Rawalpindi until late 1902 when it moved to Peshawar near the historic Khyber Pass on the border to Afghanistan. The 2nd Battalion fought in the Third Anglo-Burmese War from 1886 to 1888 and in South Africa from 1899 to 1904 including during the Second Boer War (1899–1902). From 1912 through 1914 it was stationed in the Imperial fortress colony of Bermuda, as the regular infantry battalion of the Bermuda Garrison. While in Bermuda, the Edison Studios filmed The Relief of Lucknow and For Valour there, and was provided extensive support from the garrison, with parts of Prospect Camp providing sets, and personnel from the 2nd Battalion appearing as extras.
A 3rd (Militia) Battalion was formed from the former 2nd Royal Surrey Militia, with headquarters at Guildford. The Battalion was embodied in December 1899 to provide troops for the Second Boer War, 550 men embarked for South Africa in February 1900; and returned to the United Kingdom in May 1902, when it received a public welcome and reception at Guildford.
Under the Childers Reforms, two battalions of the Volunteer Force were attached to the regiment in 1883. These had originally been raised in 1859–60 in response to an invasion scare. The 1st Volunteer Battalion (VB) was formed from the 2nd Surrey Rifle Volunteer Corps (RVC), at the Old Barracks, Mitcham Road, Croydon, while the 2nd VB was formed from the 4th Surrey RVC at Reigate Both Volunteer Battalions contributed to service companies of volunteers who served alongside the regulars during the Second Boer War, and received the battle honour for the campaign.
Under the Haldane Reforms of 1908 the Militia became the Special Reserve and the Volunteers became part of the Territorial Force (TF). The regiment now had the 3rd Battalion (Special Reserve), with the 4th Battalion (TF) at the Old Barracks in Croydon and the 5th Battalion (TF) at Sandfield Terrace in Guildford (since demolished).
The First World War
Regular Army
The 1st Battalion landed at Le Havre as part of the 3rd Brigade in the 1st Division in August 1914, and spent the entire war on the Western Front. The battalion saw action at the Battle of Mons, the Battle of the Marne, the Battle of the Aisne, the Battle of Ypres, the Battle of Aubers Ridge, the Battle of Festubert, Battle of Loos, The Hindenburg Line, the Battle of Bellecourt, the Battle of Broodseinde, the Battle of Passchendaele and the Battle of Arras.
The 2nd Battalion was in South Africa when war broke out and landed at Zeebrugge as part of the 22nd Brigade in the 7th Division in October 1914 for service on the Western Front. It fought at the Battle of Ypres, Battle of Aubers Ridge, Battle of Festubert, Battle of Loos and the Battle of the Somme until November 1917, when it was sent to the Italian Front, taking part in the battles of the Piave and Vittorio Veneto.
Territorial Force
The 1/4th Battalion moved to India as part of the Surrey Brigade in the Home Counties Division in October 1914 and remained there throughout the war, serving on the North West Frontier, and was afterwards involved in the Third Afghan War in 1919. The 1/5th Battalion also went to India with the Home Counties Division, but then transferred to Mesopotamia in December 1915.
As soon as the 1st-Line Territorials had gone overseas, the Territorial Associations started raising 2nd- and 3rd-Line battalions, designated the 2/4th, 2/5th etc. The 4th Queen's was unusual in sending its 3rd-Line battalion overseas, so a 4/4th Bn was raised to train recruits; eventually it absorbed the 3/5th Bn as the 4th Reserve Battalion.
The 2/4th Battalion saw more varied service than any of the other Queen's TF battalions, in the Gallipoli Campaign, in Egypt, and Palestine, all as part of the 53rd (Welsh) Division, before being sent back as reinforcements to the Western Front where it served in 34th Division under French command before taking part in the final advance to victory in November 1918.
The 3/4th Bn was sent to the Western Front as reinforcements in August 1917, where it joined 21st Division and fought at Broodseinde and Cambrai. It was broken up to provide drafts in February 1918.
There were also 19th and 20th TF Battalions formed from the Home Service men of the regiment.
New Army
The Queen's also formed a number of battalions of the New Army, or 'Kitchener's Army'
6th (Service) Bn – served in 12th (Eastern) Division on the Western Front
7th (Service) Bn – served in 18th (Eastern) Division on the Western Front
8th (Service) Bn – served in 24th Division on the Western Front
9th (Reserve) Bn – served in the UK training recruits
10th (Service) Bn (Battersea) – formed by the Metropolitan Borough of Battersea and served in 41st Division on the Western Front
11th (Service) Bn (Lambeth) – formed by the Metropolitan Borough of Lambeth and also served in 41st Division
12th (Reserve) Bn – served in the UK training recruits
Other battalions
13th (Labour) Bn – served on the Western Front
14th (Labour) Bn – served in Salonika
15th (Labour) Bn – served on the Western Front
16th (Home Service) Bn – served in the UK
17th (Labour) Bn – served in the UK
18th (Labour) Bn – served in the UK
Returning prisoners of war were awarded a "Welcome Home Medal" at a reception in Guildford in January 1919. The medal has the regimental badge on one side and the inscription, "Prisoners of War The Queens Regiment Welcome Home" on the reverse and is dated MCMXVIII.
Between the wars
The 1st Battalion spent the inter-war years on garrison duty, both in Britain and overseas. The 2nd Battalion took part in the Waziristan campaign of 1919–1920, attempting to pacify the tribal areas during the unrest following the Third Afghan War. It was in Palestine during the Insurgency of 1936–1939.
The 4th and 5th Battalions were both reformed in the Territorial Army, assigned to the 131st (Surrey) Infantry Brigade, alongside the 5th and 6th battalions of the East Surrey Regiment. However, in the reorganisation of the Territorial Army's infantry in the late 1930s, the 4th Queen's was transferred to the Royal Artillery and converted into the 63rd (Queen's) Searchlight Regiment.
The regiment was also reassigned the 22nd and 24th (County of London) battalions of the London Regiment, which disbanded in 1938. These battalions became the 6th (Bermondsey) and 7th (Southwark) battalions of the Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) and joined the 5th Battalion in 131st Brigade.
Second World War
The 1st Battalion was serving in British India on the outbreak of the Second World War but did not see action until 1942 against the Imperial Japanese Army. The 1st Queens fought in the Burma Campaign throughout the war as part of the 33rd Indian Infantry Brigade, 7th Indian Infantry Division, of the British Fourteenth Army under Lieutenant General William "Bill" Slim.
The 2nd Battalion, initially commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Robert Ross until April 1940, spent the early years of the war in the Middle East and Syria before also going out to the Far East. They were part of the 16th Brigade, 6th Infantry Division which was later redesignated as the 70th Infantry Division and were involved in Operation Thursday, the second Chindits campaign. The Chindits were the creation of Brigadier Orde Wingate. After suffering heavy casualties in the Chindits campaign, 2nd Queen's reverted to being an ordinary infantry battalion, nicknamed PBI (Poor Bloody Infantry), and served with 29th Infantry Brigade, part of 36th Infantry Division from May 1945 onwards.
The 1/5th, 1/6th, and 1/7th were all 1st Line Territorial Army battalions that were serving in the 131st Infantry Brigade, which was a part of the 44th (Home Counties) Infantry Division, a 1st Line Territorial Army division. The brigade was sent, along with the rest of the division, to France in 1940 to join the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and were quickly involved in the Battle of France and subsequent Dunkirk evacuation. They arrived in England and the division was led for a while by Major-General Brian Horrocks. The division was later sent to North Africa in mid-1942 to join the British Eighth Army and fought in the Battle of Alam el Halfa and later in the Second Battle of El Alamein where the 131st Brigade was assigned to the 7th Armoured Division and would remain with them for the rest of the war. The brigade participated in the Tunisian and Italian Campaigns and the North West Europe Campaign. In December 1944, due to heavy casualties and a shortage of infantrymen in the British Army, the 1/6th and 1/7th Battalions were replaced by 2nd Battalion, Devonshire Regiment and 9th Battalion, Durham Light Infantry, both from the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division. The 1/6th and 1/7th would spend the rest of the war as training units with the 50th Infantry Division. Meanwhile the 1/5th were detached from 131 Brigade to 22nd Armoured Brigade mounted in Kangaroos in April 1945 for the final weeks of the war and the fighting towards Hamburg.
The regiment also raised the 2/5th, 2/6th, and 2/7th which were all 2nd Line Territorial Army battalions serving in the 35th Infantry Brigade of the 12th (Eastern) Infantry Division, a 2nd Line Territorial Army duplicate of the 44th (Home Counties) Division. They were also sent to France in 1940 and were involved in the Battle of Dunkirk where they suffered heavy casualties due to the men having very little training. The division was disbanded shortly after returning to England and the 35th Brigade was later redesignated the 169th Infantry Brigade. The 169th Brigade was to serve with the 56th Division for the rest of the war in the Italian Campaign in battles at Salerno, Anzio and in the final Allied offensive in Italy, Operation Grapeshot.
In January 1944 Lieutenant Alec George Horwood of the 1/6th Battalion was awarded the Victoria Cross whilst fighting in the Burma Campaign whilst attached to the 1st Battalion, Northamptonshire Regiment.
63rd (Queen's) Searchlight Regiment served in Anti-Aircraft Command during the Battle of Britain and the Blitz, then converted into 127th (Queen's) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery and manned Bofors guns to protect the Mulberry harbour after D-Day, and then defended Antwerp late in the war.
The regiment raised many other battalions during the war, mainly for home defence or as training units. None of these units saw active service, they remained in the United Kingdom for the duration of war. They fulfilled a role of supplying the battalions overseas with trained infantrymen or were converted into other roles. For example, the 13th Battalion, raised in 1940, was assigned–in an infantry capacity–to the 80th Infantry (Reserve) Division. The 14th Battalion was raised in Dorchester in early July 1940 commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Wilkinson. and in October the battalion was assigned to the 201st Independent Infantry Brigade (Home) and commenced anti-invasion duties. On 1 December 1941 the battalion was converted into the 99th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, and it subsequently served in Italy.
Post-war service and amalgamation
The 2nd Battalion was disbanded in 1948 and its personnel transferred to 1st Battalion (which had previously been reduced to nil strength in 1947). The 1st Battalion served in Berlin during the blockade to 1949 then Iserlohn in BAOR (British Army of the Rhine) part of 5th Infantry Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division (Crossed Keys) until 1953. The 1st Battalion fought the Communist guerrillas during the Malayan Emergency from 1954 to 1957. In 1957, it returned to Germany, where, in 1959, it was amalgamated with 1st Battalion, East Surrey Regiment, to form the 1st Battalion, Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment (less Territorials). When the QRSs merged into the new larger Queen's Regiment, the battalion became the 1st (Queen's Royal Surreys) Battalion, but this subtitle was omitted on 1 July 1968. Today the regiment's successors can be traced to the 1st Battalion, Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment.
Regimental museum
The Surrey Infantry Museum was based at Clandon Park House, near Guildford until it was destroyed in a fire in April 2015.
Battle honours
The regiment's battle honours were as follows:
Tangier 1662–80, Namur 1695, Ushant, Egypt, Vimiera, Corunna, Salamanca, Vittoria, Pyrenees, Nivelle, Toulouse, Peninsula, Ghuznee 1839, Khelat, 1839, South Africa 1851-2-3, Taku Forts, Pekin 1860, Burma 1885–87, Tirah, Relief of Ladysmith, South Africa 1899–1902
The Great War (25 battalions): Mons, Retreat from Mons, Marne 1914 '18, Aisne 1914, Ypres 1914 '17 '18, Langemarck 1914, Gheluvelt, Aubers, Festubert 1915, Loos, Somme 1916 '18, Albert 1916 '18, Bazentin, Delville Wood, Pozières, Guillemont, Flers-Courcelette, Morval, Thiepval, Le Transloy, Ancre Heights, Ancre 1916 '18, Arras 1917 '18, Scarpe 1917, Bullecourt, Messines 1917, Pilckem, Menin Road, Polygon Wood, Broodseinde, Passchendaele, Cambrai 1917 '18, St. Quentin, Bapaume 1918, Rosières, Avre, Villers Bretonneux, Lys, Hazebrouck, Bailleul, Kemmel, Soissonais Ourcq, Amiens, Hindenburg Line, Épéhy, St. Quentin Canal, Courtrai, Selle, Sambre, France and Flanders 1914–18, Piave, Vittorio Veneto, Italy 1917–18, Suvla, Landing at Suvla, Scimitar Hill, Gallipoli 1915, Rumani, Egypt 1915–16, Gaza, El Mughar, Jerusalem, Jericho, Tell 'Asur, Palestine 1917–18, Khan Baghdadi, Mesopotamia 1915–18, N W Frontier India 1916–17
Afghanistan 1919
The Second World War: Defence of Escaut, Villers Bocage, Mont Pincon, Lower Maas, Roer, North-West Europe 1940 '44–45, Syria 1941, Sidi Barrani, Tobruk 1941, Tobruk Sortie, Deir el Munassib, El Alamein, Advance on Tripoli, Medenine, Tunis, North Africa 1940–43, Salerno, Monte Stella, Scafati Bridge, Volturno Crossing, Monte Camino, Garigliano Crossing, Damiano, Anzio, Gothic Line, Gemmano Ridge, Senio Pocket, Senio Floodbank, Casa Fabri Bridge, Menate, Filo, Argenta Gap, Italy 1943–45, North Arakan, Kohima, Yenangyaung 1945, Sittang 1945, Chindits 1944, Burma 1943–45
4th, 5th Battalions: South Africa 1900–02
Victoria Cross
The following members of the Regiment were awarded the Victoria Cross:
Lieutenant (later Brigadier-General) Wallace Duffield Wright, Kano-Sokoto Expedition
Captain (temporary Lieutenant Colonel, later Lieutenant-General) Bernard Cyril Freyberg, Great War
2nd Lieutenant (acting Captain) Clement Robertson, Great War
Lance Corporal John William Sayer, Great War
Captain (temporary Lieutenant Colonel) Christopher Bushell, Great War
Lieutenant Alec George Horwood, Second World War
Regimental Colonels
References
Sources
J.B.M. Frederick, Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978, Volume I, 1984: Microform Academic Publishers, Wakefield, United Kingdom. .
Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2a: The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56), London: HM Stationery Office, 1935/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, .
Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2b: The 2nd-Line Territorial Force Divisions (57th–69th), with the Home-Service Divisions (71st–73rd) and 74th and 75th Divisions, London: HM Stationery Office, 1937/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, .
Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 3a: New Army Divisions (9–26), London: HM Stationery Office, 1938/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, .
Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 3b: New Army Divisions (30–41) and 63rd (R.N.) Division, London: HM Stationery Office, 1939/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, .
Ian F.W. Beckett, Riflemen Form: A study of the Rifle Volunteer Movement 1859–1908, Aldershot: Ogilby Trusts, 1982, .
Col John K. Dunlop, The Development of the British Army 1899–1914, London: Methuen, 1938.
Gen Sir Martin Farndale, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Years of Defeat: Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1988/London: Brasseys, 1996, .
Jock Haswell, Famous Regiments Series: The Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) (The 2nd Regiment of Foot), London: Hamish Hamilton, 1967.
N.B. Leslie, Battle Honours of the British and Indian Armies 1695–1914, London: Leo Cooper, 1970, .
Brig N.W. Routledge, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Anti-Aircraft Artillery 1914–55, London: Royal Artillery Institution/Brassey's, 1994, .
Edward M. Spiers, The Army and Society 1815–1914, London: Longmans, 1980, .
Ray Westlake, British Regiments at Gallipoli, Barnsley: Leo Cooper, 1996, .
Ray Westlake, Tracing the Rifle Volunteers, Barnsley: Pen and Sword, 2010, .
External links
The Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment (official site)
The Queen's Royal Regiment Living History Group
Queen's Royal West Surrey Regiment Re-enactment Society
The World War One Letters of Major Hugh J.C. Peirs, 8th Battalion, The Queen's Royal West Surrey Regiment
The Drill Hall Project
Stepping Forward: A Tribute to the Volunteer Military Reservists and Supporting Auxiliaries of Greater London
Military units and formations established in 1661
Regiments of the British Army in World War I
Regiments of the British Army in World War II
History of Tangier
Military units and formations in Surrey
Military units and formations in Guildford
1661 establishments in England
1959 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
R
Military units and formations disestablished in 1959
Caroline of Ansbach | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s%20Royal%20Regiment%20%28West%20Surrey%29 |
Finn Family Moomintroll (original Swedish title Trollkarlens hatt, ‘The Magician's Hat’; US edition The Happy Moomins) is the third in the series of Tove Jansson's Moomins books, published in Swedish in 1948 and translated to English in 1950. It owes its title in translation to the fact that it was the first Moomin book to be published in English, and was actually marketed as the first in the series until the 1980s.
The 1961 English publication features a foreword "by Moominmamma", where she explains the nature of Moomins for fear that English children may not have heard of them; she also apologises for her "rottn" English. Otherwise, the book was translated by Elizabeth Portch.
The novel forms the basis of episodes 1–8 in the 1990 TV series.
Plot summary
Moomintroll, Sniff and Snufkin discover the Hobgoblin's top hat on a mountain-top, unaware of its strange powers. An egg shell discarded into the hat becomes five clouds the children ride and play with. Next day the clouds have disappeared and nobody knows where they came from. Moomintroll hides inside the hat during a game of hide-and-seek and is temporarily transformed beyond recognition.
Once they discover the magic powers of the hat and use it for a few transformations, the family resolves to get rid of it and throw it into the river. But Moomintroll and Snufkin recover it at night and hide it in the cave by the sea, where the Muskrat is spooked when his dentures transform into something mysterious and terrifying.
The Moomin Family travel to the Island of the Hattifatteners on a boat they have found, and the Moominhouse is transformed into a jungle when Moominmamma absent-mindedly drops a ball of poisonous pink perennials into the hat. At night the jungle withers, and it is used as firewood to cook the huge Mameluke that the children previously caught while fishing.
Thingumy and Bob arrive clutching a large suitcase containing the King's Ruby, which they stole from the Groke. After a court case (presided over by the Snork) the Groke agrees to exchange the ruby for the Hobgoblin's Hat.
Thingumy and Bob steal Moominmamma's handbag to use as a bed, but return it when they realise how upset she is.
The Moomins hold a party to celebrate the finding of Moominmamma's handbag, during which the Hobgoblin arrives (with a new hat) demanding the King's Ruby, but is refused by Thingumy and Bob.
To cheer himself up, the Hobgoblin grants everyone at the party a wish. Although not everyone gets exactly what they wished for, the Hobgoblin is delighted when Thingumy and Bob wish for a duplicate ruby to give him – the Queen's Ruby. (As it turns out, the Hobgoblin can grant the wishes of others, but not his own.)
Adaptations
A Finnish theatrical version of the book, presented in 1996–1997, has also been made in collaboration with the Friends of Moomins Association (Muumien ystävät -yhdistys) and the Tampere Theater. The play was dramatized by Annukka Kiuru and directed by Lisbeth Nyström. The music was composed by Heikki Mäenpää.
An audio book, complete and unabridged, narrated by Hugh Laurie, was released in 2002 by the BBC.
References
External links
Official Moomin website in English
The Moomin Trove
Unofficial Moomin Character Guide
1948 children's books
1948 fantasy novels
20th-century Finnish novels
Moomin books
Swedish-language novels
1948 Finnish novels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finn%20Family%20Moomintroll |
Steven Bernard Mingori (February 29, 1944 – July 10, 2008) was an American left-handed relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Cleveland Indians (1970–1973) and Kansas City Royals (1973–1979).
He was born in Kansas City, Missouri, and went to Rockhurst High School. He played college baseball at University of Missouri–Kansas City and Pittsburg State University. Mingori was signed by the Cincinnati Reds in 1965, and spent the next five years in the Reds' minor league system. Before the 1970 season began, the Reds traded Mingori to the Cleveland Indians for Jay Ward.
Mingori made his major league debut on August 5, 1970, and finished the season with a 1–0 win–loss record and a 2.66 earned run average (ERA) in 21 games. The following season, Mingori pitched in 47 games until he suffered a broken jaw in an early August game, causing him to miss nearly the rest of the season. He ended the year with a 1–2 record and a 1.43 ERA in 54 appearances. He spent another season and a half with the Indians, then was traded to the Kansas City Royals on June 8, 1973, for Mike Jackson; the Royals had been particularly interested in acquiring Mingori since he was a Kansas City native. Mingori had 36 appearances in both 1974 and 1975, and had ERAs of 2.81 and 2.50. He followed that up with a 5–5 record and 2.32 ERA in 55 appearances in 1976. He played in at least 30 games for his final three seasons. After his final game on September 2, 1979, he was released by the Royals and retired after the season.
In a ten-season career, Mingori posted a won-loss record of 18–33 with a 3.03 earned run average and 42 saves in 385 games pitched, all but two of which came as a reliever. Mingori died on July 10, 2008, in his hometown of Liberty, Missouri, of natural causes.
References
External links
, or Retrosheet, or Pura Pelota
1944 births
2008 deaths
American men's basketball players
American people of Italian descent
Baseball players from Kansas City, Missouri
Basketball players from Kansas City, Missouri
Cleveland Indians players
Florida Instructional League Reds players
Indianapolis Indians players
Kansas City Roos baseball players
Kansas City Roos men's basketball players
Kansas City Royals players
Knoxville Smokies players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Minor league baseball coaches
Oklahoma City 89ers players
Omaha Royals players
Peninsula Grays players
Pittsburg State Gorillas baseball players
Portland Beavers players
Savannah Indians players
Tampa Tarpons (1957–1987) players
Tigres de Aragua players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Wichita Aeros players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Mingori |
John Christian Keener (February 7, 1819 – January 19, 1906) was an American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, an author and an editor, and the superintendent of C.S.A. Chaplains west of the Mississippi River during the American Civil War. He wrote several books on theology and edited the New Orleans Christian Advocate, a weekly Methodist newspaper sponsored by Methodist conferences in Louisiana and various nearby states in the late-19th and early-20th century. A collection of Keener's papers (1864 to 1865), available at the Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library at Emory University, include correspondence and military orders related to the return of property to the Methodist Church, South, after the war.
Early life
John was born February 7, 1819, in Baltimore, Maryland. His father, Christian Keener, was in his day a man of mark and one of the best-known Methodists of Baltimore. John was a pupil at Wilbraham Wesleyan Academy, from which he graduated. At the age of 9 John was taken into the home of Doctor Wilbur Fisk, who was principal, and kept under his care for three years. John then became a member of the first graduating class of Wesleyan University (1835), when Dr. Fisk became its first president.
Conversion and business career
Keener was converted to the Christian faith in Baltimore at the age of 19 (1838). He was superintendent of a Sunday school in Wesley chapel charge for two years, and in this work he felt the divine call to preach. After graduating from college, he entered the mercantile business as a wholesale druggist, becoming prosperous and successful. He continued in business until 1841, when he resolved to close up his business and abandon secular pursuits.
Ordained ministry
He then went south and was licensed to preach. Rev. Keener joined the Alabama Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1843, and when the church was divided in 1844 remained with the Church, South. He was transferred to the Louisiana Conference in 1848. He was appointed to various churches in Alabama until 1853, when he went to New Orleans where he was Pastor successively of the Poydras Street, Carondelet Street, and Felicity Street churches. He was Presiding Elder of that District in 1858 and 1860, living in New Orleans for twenty years total, all but two years during the American Civil War.
Rev. Keener was highly esteemed by Jefferson Davis, and served as superintendent of C.S.A. Chaplains west of the Mississippi River during the Civil War. He was Presiding Elder again, 1865–70. From 1866 to 1870 he also edited the New Orleans Christian Advocate, an important periodical of his denomination.
All three of his sons followed him into the Methodist ministry.
Keener the preacher
Keener "feared any movement that looked toward organic union with anything or anybody" and was "firmly fixed by the agonies and horrors of reconstruction" after the American Civil War. In 1890, while other Methodists were starting to reach out to African Americans, he told the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South that "we now have a solidly white church, for which we thank God."
He was a student, not only of theology, but also of general literature. He had a delicate perception of literary beauty. Bishop Charles B. Galloway said he was "An ecclesiastical leader of rare gifts and vast influence, a preacher of apostolic spirit and power, and an eminent citizen of passionate patriotism and undaunted heroism ..." Another commentator wrote of him:
while the careful discriminations in his sermons satisfy the hearer of thoughtful preparation, the neat turns of expression, well-chosen words and chaste adornments prove him to be at once the enemy of slovenliness of style and a friend to the unaffected graces of speech. He is a preacher of profit; but while true in any case that full benefit can be gained from a sermon by the attentive hearer only, it is specially true when compactness of thought and a terse rhetoric distinguish it.
Episcopal ministry
Bishop Keener was elected to the episcopacy in 1870. In 1873 he founded a M.E. Church, South Mission in Mexico. He resided in a suburb of New Orleans, though he traveled through every part of the Church. He continued to pay special attention to the Mexico mission, its development and promising condition thought to have been largely due to this attention and his personal labor bestowed upon it.
Bishop Keener was honored with the D.D. degree in 1854, and that of LL.D. in 1880. He retired from the active Episcopacy in 1898, and died on January 19, 1906, in New Orleans, Louisiana, where he was also buried.
Selected writings
The Post Oak Circuit, Nashville, 1857.
Poem: "Bishop Marvin's Missionary Tour," Ladies' Repository, 1861.
Editor of Munsey, W.E., Sermons and Lectures, Vol. I, 1883; Vol. II, 1886.
Studies of Bible Truths, 1899.
The Garden of Eden and the Flood, 1900.
Biographies
Sermon, Galloway, C.B., Wesleyan Pulpit, Atlanta, 1905.
Cyclopaedia of Methodism, Matthew Simpson, D.D., LL.D., Ed., (Revised Edition.) Philadelphia, Louis H. Everts, 1880.
See also
List of bishops of the United Methodist Church
Notes
References
Leete, Frederick DeLand, Methodist Bishops. Nashville, The Methodist Publishing House, 1948.
Biographical and Historical Memoires of Louisiana, Chicago: Goodspeed Publishing Co., 1892, Vol. 2, p. 484.
Biographical sketch of "Our Senior Bishop" (including picture), in The Nashville Christian Advocate, March 8, 1900, p. 9.
Attribution
External links
Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University: John Christian Keener papers, 1864-1865
Religious leaders from Baltimore
American Methodist Episcopal, South bishops
Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South
1819 births
1906 deaths
People from New Orleans
American theologians
Confederate States Army chaplains
Wesleyan University alumni
Methodist theologians
Editors of Christian publications
American print editors
People of Louisiana in the American Civil War
Burials in Louisiana
Methodist chaplains
19th-century American clergy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Christian%20Keener |
Tilo Baumgärtel (born 1972) is a German painter. He currently lives and works in Leipzig.
Baumgärtel was born in Dresden. He attended the Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig from 1991 to 1994.
He is part of a group of young painters based in Leipzig, along with Matthias Weischer, Christoph Ruckhaberle and others. The common trait of the group is their production of large figurative oil paintings. His paintings derive from social realist works and propaganda posters in their draughtsmanship and dramatic use of shadow.
Baumgärtel has shown work in exhibitions including “7 x Malerei” at Museum der Bildenden Künste in Leipzig, FUTURE/Five Artists From Germany at Sandroni.Rey Gallery in Los Angeles, Painting Show at Wilkinson Gallery in London and Life After Death at Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art.
He is represented by Wilkinson Gallery in London, Christian Ehrentraut in Berlin and Adam Biesk in Los Angeles.
See also
List of German painters
External links
Tilo Baumgärtel at Adam Biesk
Tilo Baumgärtel at Christian Ehrentraut
Tilo Baumgärtel at the Saatchi Gallery
1972 births
20th-century German painters
20th-century German male artists
German male painters
German contemporary artists
21st-century German painters
21st-century German male artists
Living people
Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilo%20Baumg%C3%A4rtel |
The 1991 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy was the 13th edition of the Hockey Champions Trophy, an international men's field hockey tournament organized by the FIH. It took place from 12 to 22 September 1991 in the Olympiastadion in Berlin, Germany.
The hosts Germany won their fourth title by finishing first in the round-robin tournament.
Results
All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+02:00)
Pool
Statistics
Final standings
Goalscorers
References
External links
Official FIH website
Champions Trophy
Hockey Champions Trophy Men
Champions Trophy (field hockey)
International field hockey competitions hosted by Germany
Sports competitions in Berlin
Hockey Champions Trophy Men
Hockey Champions Trophy Men | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%20Men%27s%20Hockey%20Champions%20Trophy |
The Ministry of the Interior and Health () is a former Danish ministry that has existed twice in the 21st century by combination of existing ministries.
The Ministry of Interior and Health was first created in 2001 under the first government of Anders Fogh Rasmussen, by combining the Ministry of the Interior (Indenrigsministeriet) and the Ministry of Health (Sundhedsministeriet). The minister was Lars Løkke Rasmussen and the permanent secretary Ib Valsborg, succeeded in 2005 by Christian Schønau. The ministry carried out a far-reaching . After the 2007 Folketing elections, the ministry was disbanded, and its areas of responsibility divided between two newly created ministries, the Ministry of Welfare and the Ministry of Health and Prevention.
The ministry was recreated in February 2010 under Rasmussen's first government as Prime Minister, with the minister being Bertel Haarder and the permanent secretary . In October 2011 the Rasmussen government was succeeded by that of Helle Thorning-Schmidt, and the ministry's functions were again divided, between the Ministry of the Economy and the Interior (Økonomi- og Indenrigsministeriet) and a newly created Ministry of Health and Development (Ministeriet for Sundhed og Forebyggelse).
Notes
Interior and Health
Medical and health organizations based in Denmark
Denmark | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry%20of%20Interior%20and%20Health%20%28Denmark%29 |
Levadiakos Football Club () is a Greek professional football club that plays in the Super League Greece. Based in Livadeia, Greece, the club was promoted to the Alpha Ethniki, forerunner of the Super League, after ten seasons in minor divisions in the 2005–06 season, as runner-up of the Football League in 2004–05. It was then relegated to the Beta Ethniki again in 2006–07 and returned to the top tier in 2007–08. The club finished one level above relegation that year but was relegated back to the second division by finishing 14th in 2009–10. The club most recently won promotion back into the Super League Greece after winning the Super League Greece 2 in 2021–22.
History
Levadiakos started in 1961, when local clubs Trofonios and Pallevadiaki merged into a greater club. Straight after, Levadiakos played in the second division being close to relegation in almost every season. In the 1980s, the team was upgraded and in May 1987, players and supporters of the club celebrated the team's first ever promotion to Alpha Ethniki following a career great season by Konstantinos "Prince" Litinas. Levadiakos stayed there only for four seasons, returning again only in 1994 and 1995. After their second relegation, Levadiakos declined and went very lower, even struggling to clinch promotion to the 3rd division of Greece. But once more, everything changed suddenly and the team reached again the Greek Super League after ten years, in 2005, but was immediately relegated. In the next summer, Levadiakos bought many expensive players and appointed Georgi Vasilev as manager. Vasiliev achieved to get the team to the Super League once again, and in the 2007–08 season he struggled, but managed to avoid going down again. Nevertheless, he resigned from the club and he was succeeded by Momčilo Vukotić.
Crest and colours
The club's crest has blue and green vertical stripes inspired by the great Konstantinos "Prince" Litinas. It comes from the colours of Pallevadiaki (green) and Trofonio (blue), the clubs that joined in order to establish Levadiakos. The colour common to both teams was white, which was also the basic colour of the group in the early years of its foundation.
Stadium
Levadiakos' stadium was built in 1952. The stadium is located in Livadeia, about 130 km north-west of Athens. The stadium itself is located on the south side of Livadeia.
Seasons in the 21st century
Best position in bold.
Key: 1R = First Round, 2R = Second Round, 3R = Third Round, 4R = Fourth Round, 5R = Fifth Round, GS = Group Stage, QF = Quarter-finals, SF = Semi-finals.
Players
Current squad
Former managers
Takis Lemonis (July 1, 2005 – June 30, 2006)
Sakis Tsiolis (2006–07)
Georgi Vasilev (July 1, 2007 – March 3, 2008)
Momčilo Vukotić (July 1, 2008 – Sept 23, 2009)
Quique Hernández (Sept 25, 2009 – March 1, 2010)
Dimitrios Farantos (March 1, 2010 – Sept 17, 2010)
Vasilis Vouzas (Sept 17, 2010 – March 16, 2011)
Giannis Papakostas (March 16, 2011 – Aug 20, 2011)
Georgios Paraschos (Aug 28, 2011 – March 22, 2013)
Jasminko Velić (March 22, 2013 – April 25, 2013)
Takis Lemonis (May 18, 2013 – Oct 14, 2013)
Dimitrios Farantos (Oct 14, 2013 – Oct 21, 2013)
Nikos Karageorgiou (Oct 21, 2013 – Feb 11, 2014)
Savvas Pantelidis (Feb 12, 2014 – Feb 9, 2015)
Akis Mantzios (Feb 9, 2015 – Jun 10, 2016)
Ratko Dostanić (Jun 15, 2016 – Jan 5, 2017)
Giannis Christopoulos (Jan 7, 2017 – Feb 21, 2017)
Dimitrios Farantos (Mar 14, 2017 – Jun 30, 2017)
José Anigo (Jun 30, 2017 – May 9, 2018)
Akis Mantzios (Jun 7, 2018 – Oct 22, 2018)
Giuseppe Sannino (Oct 22, 2018 – Jan 21, 2019)
Nikos Karageorgiou (Jan 22, 2019 – May 11, 2019)
Dimitrios Spanos (Jul 3, 2019 – Oct 28, 2019)
Sotiris Antoniou (Oct 28, 2019 – Feb 24, 2021)
Giuseppe Sannino (Feb 24, 2021 – May 11, 2021)
Sokratis Ofrydopoulos (May 11, 2021 – Jun 30, 2021)
Giannis Taousianis (Jul 1, 2021 – Sept 22, 2022)
Jasminko Velić (Sept 22, 2022 – Feb 15, 2023)
Giannis Petrakis (Feb 16, 2023 – Jun 30, 2023)
Nikos Nioplias (Jul 1, 2023 – Present)
Personnel
Ownership and current board
|}
Coaching staff
References
External links
Levadiakos at Super League
Levadiakos at UEFA
Boeotia
Football clubs in Central Greece
Association football clubs established in 1961
1961 establishments in Greece
Livadeia
Super League Greece 2 clubs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levadiakos%20F.C. |
Embothrium is a genus of two to eight species (depending on taxonomic interpretation) in the plant family Proteaceae, native to southern South America, in Chile and adjacent western Argentina; the genus occurs as far south as Tierra del Fuego. Common names include Chilean firebush in English, notro in Argentina, ciruelillo, fosforito or notro chileno in Chilean Spanish.
They are large shrubs or trees growing to 10–20 m tall with a trunk up to 70 cm diameter. E. coccineum and perhaps others, is also highly prone to suckering and unmanaged plants often form dense groves of many suckering shoots. The leaves are evergreen, occasionally deciduous in cold areas, 5–12 cm long and 2–4 cm broad. The flowers are produced in dense bunches, brilliant red (rarely white or yellow), tubular, 2.5-4.5 cm long, split into four lobes near the apex which reflex to expose the stamens and style.
Systematics
One or possibly two extant species are recognised. Two further species, ?E. precoccineum and ?E. pregrandiflorum, have been described from the Ventana Formation (Middle Eocene) from Patagonia, although their placement in Embothrium is uncertain as they are insufficiently known.
Species
Embothrium coccineum J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. Chile, Argentina.
Embothrium lanceolatum Ruiz & Pav. (syn. E. coccineum var. lanceolatum (Ruiz & Pav.) O.Kuntze). Chile, Argentina; doubtfully distinct from E. coccineum.
†Embothrium nebulosum Stover & Partridge (previously Granodiporites nebulosus) Tertiary, southeastern Australia
†Embothrium precoccineum Berry (Middle Eocene fossils from the Ventana Formation, near Río Pichileufú, Río Negro Province, Argentina)
†Embothrium pregrandiflorum Berry (Middle Eocene fossils from the Ventana Formation near Río Pichileufú, Río Negro Province, Argentina)
Classification
Together with Telopea, Oreocallis and Alloxylon, Embothrium makes up a small group of terminal often red-flowering showy plants scattered around the southern edges of the Pacific Rim. Known as the Embothriinae, this is an ancient group with roots in the mid Cretaceous, when Australia, Antarctica and South America were linked by land. Almost all these species have red terminal flowers, and hence the subtribe's origin and floral appearance must predate the splitting of gondwana into Australia, Antarctica, and South America over 60 million years ago.
Pollinators
The prominent position and striking colour of many species within the subtribe both in Australia and South America strongly suggest they are adapted to pollination by birds, and have been for over 60 million years. In Argentine Patagonia, E. coccineum is pollinated by hummingbirds (green-backed firecrown) and insects (tangle-veined flies and sweat bees).
Cultivation and uses
Embothrium coccineum is grown as an ornamental plant for its vivid red flowers. It is only successful in oceanic climates, which away from its native area includes western Europe (mainly the British Isles and the Faroe Islands), the coast of the Pacific Northwest of North America, and New Zealand.
References
External links
Germplasm Resources Information Network: Embothrium
Chilebosque: Embothrium coccineum
Embothrieae
Proteaceae genera
Flora of southern South America
Trees of Chile
Trees of Argentina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embothrium |
Eddie Fontaine (March 6, 1927 – April 13, 1992) was an American actor and singer, best known for television roles in the 1960s and 1970s.
Biography
Born Edward Reardon in Springfield, Massachusetts, Fontaine signed as a vocalist with RCA in 1954 after serving in the US Navy. In 1955, he appeared at the Brooklyn Paramount Theater in disc jockey Alan Freed's first rock and roll show. He also sang in the Jayne Mansfield movie The Girl Can't Help It (1956).
Musically, he is best remembered for his 1958 single "Nothin' Shakin' (But the Leaves on the Trees)", which was later covered by English rock band, The Beatles.
He is listed as a "legend" but not an inductee at the Rockabilly Hall of Fame site.
Fontaine moved to Van Nuys, California, in the 1960s after singing in night clubs in pre-Castro Cuba. He landed a role in the World War II series The Gallant Men, in which he played ladies' man PFC Pete D'Angelo, and occasionally sang.
Although he never won another regular role in a television series, Fontaine made many guest appearances on shows such as 77 Sunset Strip, Baretta, Happy Days, The Rockford Files (as a different character in four episodes) and Quincy.
In 1984, Fontaine was convicted in a murder-for-hire case. According to police documents, in 1983 Fontaine approached a country singer with the promise of a recording contract with RCA and a large sum of money if the man were to kill his estranged wife, with whom he was engaged in a custody battle. Fontaine was sentenced to four years in a California prison. He had previously been convicted of child molestation and grand larceny. Fontaine successfully appealed his murder-for-hire conviction based on the trial judge's rulings concerning these earlier offenses.
He made his last TV appearance in the series Sisters in 1991, and died of throat cancer the following year at age 65 in Roselle, New Jersey.
References
External links
TV.com page on Eddie Fontaine
Discography for Eddie Fontaine (under original name of Eddie Reardon)
1927 births
1992 deaths
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American singers
20th-century American male singers
Actors from Springfield, Massachusetts
Apex Records artists
American male guitarists
American male television actors
American people convicted of child sexual abuse
American rock guitarists
American rockabilly guitarists
American rockabilly musicians
Deaths from cancer in New Jersey
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Decca Records artists
Guitarists from Massachusetts
Liberty Records artists
Musicians from Springfield, Massachusetts
Prisoners and detainees of California
Singers from Massachusetts
United States Navy sailors
Warner Bros. contract players
X Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie%20Fontaine |
Oshawa Truck Assembly was a General Motors Canada automotive factory in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. It opened in its original location in downtown Oshawa in 1918 in order to build ambulances for World War I and Chevrolet vehicles before it merged with GM.
The plant later moved to the GM Autoplex facilities south of the city starting production in 1965 until it was definitely closed in 2009. GM Autoplex also included Oshawa Car Assembly and a now-closed battery plant.
Closure
General Motors announced on June 3, 2008 that this plant would close permanently May 14, 2009, with no plans for new products. The closure was due to high gasoline prices in much of the world, as well as a deep recession caused by the financial crisis. These dramatically decreased demand for fuel-inefficient light trucks and truck-based vehicles, especially in the crucial market of the United States. GM itself had been in a precarious financial situation for several years, which dramatically worsened as a result of the 2008 economic problems, eventually forcing it to seek government aid and potentially filing for bankruptcy. At the time of the announcement, the Oshawa Truck plant was manufacturing the Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra.
Three weeks prior to the announcement of the closure, General Motors and the Canadian Auto Workers union reached a tentative agreement on a new collective bargaining contract on May 15, 2008, a full four months before the existing contract was due to expire. As part of the agreement, GM pledged to maintain production at the Oshawa truck plant and made other production commitments. On June 3, 2008, less than three weeks after ratification of the new contract, GM announced that, due to soaring gasoline prices and plummeting truck sales, it would close four additional truck and SUV plants, including the Oshawa truck plant. In response, the CAW organized a blockade of the GM of Canada headquarters in Oshawa. The blockade was ended by an Ontario Superior Court order after 12 days. Further discussions between GM and the CAW resulted in an agreement to compensate workers at the truck plant and additional product commitments for the Oshawa car assembly plant.
The last truck off the line, a black 2009 GMC Sierra 1500 Crew Cab, was raffled off to an employee and the proceeds went to the Hospital for Sick Children. It marked the end of 44 years of production.
Vehicles produced
Some of the models produced at the plant included:
1999-2009 Chevrolet Silverado
1988-2009 GMC Sierra
1965-2000 Chevrolet C/K
1965-1986 GMC C/K
References
General Motors factories
Former motor vehicle assembly plants
Motor vehicle assembly plants in Canada
Buildings and structures in Oshawa
1965 establishments in Ontario
2009 disestablishments in Ontario | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oshawa%20Truck%20Assembly |
The Costume Designers Guild (CDG), Local 892 is a union of professional costume designers, assistant costume designers, and illustrators working in film, television, commercials and other media. Founded in 1953, the CDG comprises over 1,200 members as of 2023. As a member of the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (IATSE), the union protects member’s wages and working conditions through collective bargaining.
The CDG has published a quarterly publication, The Costume Designer Magazine, since 2005. Additionally, they have a CDG Newsletter for members. The Costume Designers Guild Awards recognizes excellence in costume design in motion pictures, television, and commercials, and other media.
Costume Designers Guild Awards
Founded in 1999, the Costume Designers Guild Awards honors costume designers in film, television, commercials, and other media. The statuette was originally manufactured in sterling silver by the Greek jeweler Bulgari, and was designed by CDG member, David Le Vey. In addition, one distinguished costume designer is selected to receive a Career Achievement Award. Actors, directors or producers are also honored with a Spotlight Award, and a Distinguished Collaborator Award.
Award categories
Film:
Excellence in Contemporary Film
Excellence in Period Film
Excellence in Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film
Television:
Excellence in Contemporary Television
Excellence in Period Television
Excellence in Sci-Fi/Fantasy Television
Excellence in Short Form Design
Special Awards:
Career Achievement Award
Additional Awards:
Spotlight Award
Distinguished Collaborator Award
List of winners
Excellence in Costume Design for a Contemporary Film
This award has been presented at each of the annual awards.
Excellence in Costume Design for a Period Film
This award has been presented at each annual awards. The awards from 1999 to 2004 were for Period and Fantasy films combined.
Excellence in Costume Design for a Fantasy Film
This award was a part of the Excellence in Costume Design for a Period Film until 2005.
Excellence in Costume Design for a Contemporary Television Series
Excellence in Costume Design for a Period Television Series
Excellence in Costume Design for a Fantasy Television Series
Best Costume Design – Period or Fantasy TV Series
This award was presented at each annual awards from 2000–14, before being split into Period Television Series and Fantasy Television Series in 2015.
Excellence in Short Form Design
This award has been presented at each annual awards from 2003–Present.
Best Costume Design – Miniseries or TV Film
This award was first presented at the 8th annual awards, for 2005 filmmaking.
Hall of Fame Award
See also
25th Annual Awards 2023
24th Annual Awards 2022
23rd Annual Awards 2021
22nd Annual Awards 2020
21st Annual Awards 2019
20th Annual Awards 2018
19th Annual Awards 2017
18th Annual Awards 2016
17th Annual Awards 2015
16th Annual Awards 2014
15th Annual Awards 2013
14th Annual Awards 2012
13th Annual Awards 2011
12th Annual Awards 2010
11th Annual Awards 2009
10th Annual Awards 2008
9th Annual Awards 2007
8th Annual Awards 2006
7th Annual Awards 2005
6th Annual Awards 2004
5th Annual Awards 2003
4th Annual Awards 2002
3rd Annual Awards 2001
2nd Annual Awards 2000
1st Annual Awards 1999
References
External links
Official website
Costume Designers Guild collection, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
1953 establishments in California
Costume design
International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees
Trade unions established in 1953
Guilds in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costume%20Designers%20Guild |
Salvatore Rinauro (born September 12, 1982) is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for his work in Ring of Honor, Full Impact Pro and National Wrestling Alliance in addition to being a member of The Embassy. He currently wrestles for WrestleMerica NWA Power, Southern Fried Championship Wrestling, Anarchy Wrestling and others.
Profressional Wrestling Career
Ring of Honor (2005–2006)
After honing his skills at NWA Wildside as well as winning the promotion's Junior Heavyweight Championship, Rinauro debuted under the name "Mellow" as a member of Special K in Ring of Honor. After beating Antonio Blanca earlier in the show, Rinauro (now using his real name) competed for and won a Ring of Honor Contract by defeating Steve Madison, Claudio Castagnoli, and Jerrelle Clark at Do or Die 5 on August 20, 2005. Rinauro, along with Tony Mamaluke, won the ROH World Tag Team Championship at the show Joe vs. Kobashi on October 1, 2005, by defeating B. J. Whitmer and Jimmy Jacobs. During their reign, they successfully defended against teams such as Whitmer and Jacobs, Homicide and Ricky Reyes, and Colt Cabana and Milano Collection A.T. They lost the title to Austin Aries and Roderick Strong of Generation Next at Final Battle 2005 on December 17, 2005. Rinauro also appeared at Total Nonstop Action Wrestling's Slammiversary event in 2005, as a fan who was attacked by Jeff Jarrett before the King of the Mountain match, causing Jarrett to be (storyline) arrested.
After losing the title, Rinauro competed in the 2006 Trios Tournament at Tag Wars 2006 with Tony Mamaluke and Jay Fury, competing against the likes of The Briscoe Brothers. In 2006, Rinauro's partner Tony Mamaluke signed with World Wrestling Entertainment to be a part of the new ECW brand, leaving Rinauro to start a singles career once more. At Death Before Dishonor IV, it was revealed that Rinauro was the newest member of The Embassy. That night, he teamed with fellow Embassy member Jimmy Rave and they successfully defeated Colt Cabana and Jay Lethal.
The two continued teaming for a few months, but after the Embassy disbanded, the team suffered a roadblock. On October 28, 2006, Rave split the team up. Since then, Rinauro makes occasional appearances in ROH.
Full Impact Pro (2005–2008)
Rinauro also works for ROH's sister promotion Full Impact Pro. He achieved tag team success in FIP after winning the Tag Team Championship once with Spanky by defeating Jimmy Rave and "Fast" Eddie Vegas on August 6, 2005. After a singular title defense against Rave and his new tag partner Jay Lethal on September 2, they lost the title to The Heartbreak Express that same night. He also won the Florida Heritage Championship by defeating Erick Stevens on November 9, 2007. After successful title defenses against Tyler Black, Delirious, and Joey Ryan, he dropped the title to Chris Jones on October 11, 2008.
Deep South Wrestling (2007)
On July 26, 2007, Rinauro and Caleb Konley defeated Simon Sermon and "Pretty Boy" Floyd to win the vacant Tag Team Championship. Rinauro and Konely would end up being the final DSW Tag Team Champions after DSW closed down on October 11, 2007.
Independent circuit
Currently, Rinauro can be found wrestling throughout the Georgia independent circuit, including Rampage Pro Wrestling, Great Championship Wrestling, NWA Anarchy, Independent Wrestling Network and Southern Extreme Championship Wrestling.
He appeared as an enhancement talent on the November 18, 2008 edition of ECW where he was defeated by the debuting DJ Gabriel.
In October 2009, Rinauro wrestled on two shows for Chikara, being defeated by Mike Quackenbush and Claudio Castagnoli.
Sal Rinauro made a volunteer appearance for Great Championship Wrestling in Phenix City on February 12, 2009, as part of the Miracle of Maegan event to benefit Maegan Johnson, a local girl who suffered a brain trama just several weeks prior. Rinauro teamed with another volunteer, Austin "Consequences" Creed as part of the Road to Goad Tournament, defeating John Bogie & Kareem Abdul Jamar (now Chikara's Sugar Dunkerton) before falling to the Southside Trash.
Rinauro became a permanent fixture in Great Championship Wrestling based on his initial appearance, and now wrestles weekly for the promotion. Currently the GCW Interstate Champion, Rinauro has embroiled in several feuds, with "Suicidal All Star" Mike Kross, "The Urban Legend" Murder One, and former Embassy associate and tag team partner in ROH, Jimmy Rave. Recently GCW secured a television deal to broadcast on cable 24 in Atlanta Georgia; the Pilot broadcast featured the main event of Sal Rinauro vs. Murder One, and the second broadcast featured a main event of him vs. Mike Kross.
Rinauro also wrestles for RAMPAGE Pro Wrestling, a promotion based out of Warner Robins Georgia. He has held the RPW Intercontinental Championship, continued his feud with Jimmy Rave, and also has had several outstanding matches with Austin "Consequences" Creed, who also appears as a regular of the promotion. He has also held the RPW heavy-weight and cruiserweight titles. In summer 2010 Rinauro was named Commissioner of RPW after Nick Patrick left. Rinauro was involved in the 4-corners match to crown the 1st ever RPW T.V. champion where he was unsuccessful. Rinauro faced heavy-weight champion Shaun Banks at Sizzlin Summer Bash 2 where he was unsuccessful. He joined the feud between Jimmy Rave & Kyle Matthews in a non-wrestling role until he resigned in December. On December 18 Rinauro returned as GM to team with Matthews, Drew Adler, Michael Stevens, & Adrian Hawkins against Jimmy Rave, Chip Day, Corey Hollis, Mike Posey, & Jeremy Vain where he was eventually eliminated although his team was victorious. Rinauro participated in a few matches over the next few weeks. On April 2 he challenged Jeremy Vain for the NWA RPW T.V. title where he was unsuccessful. On May 1 Rinauro was the special enforcer in the cage match between Rave & Matthews. Rinauro turned heel joining Rave and costing Matthews the match. On May 15 Rinauro teamed with Vain in a semi-final match in the NWA RPW tag team title tournament against Frankie Valentine and Matthews where they were unsuccessful. Earlier in the night Rinauro teamed with Hollis, Day, & Rave in a losing effort against the NWA RPW tag team champions the Usual Suspects & the NWA world tag team champions the Dark City Fight Club. On May 29 Rinauro faced off against his old rival J-Rod in a losing effort.
Sal is currently working on his self-proclaimed auto biography. " It's hard being a Salifornia kid". The book should be available everywhere books are sold September 23, 2016. He will be signing books the day of release in Daytona Beach, where he currently resides. Sal Rinauro made his last appearance for NWA on January 21, 2020, now he is working for WrestleMerica and Anarchy Wrestling.
Wrestling Road Diaries
In 2011, Roundtable Creations released The Wrestling Road Diaries, a wrestling documentary that features Sal, Colt Cabana and Bryan Danielson. The film was shot over a period of 10 days in September 2009, and follows the wrestlers as they travel from show to show. It also shows them performing for various wrestling companies and training aspiring wrestlers. (Wrestling Road Diaries. Dir. Eric Santamaria. Perf. Colt Cabana, Bryan Danielson, Sal Rinauro. DVD. Roundtable Creations, 2011.)
Championships and accomplishments
All-Star Wrestling Network
AWN Tag Team Championship (1 time) - Fry Daddy
Deep South Wrestling
DSW Tag Team Championship (1 time, final) – with Caleb Konley
Full Impact Pro
FIP Florida Heritage Championship (1 time)
FIP Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Spanky
Great Championship Wrestling
Great Championship Wrestling Interstate Championship (3 times)
NWA Anarchy
NWA Anarchy Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Seth Delay
NWA Wildside
NWA Wildside Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Peachstate Wrestling Alliance
PWA No Limits Championship (1 time)
PWA Heritage Championship (3 times)
PWA Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Nigel Sherrod
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Ranked No. 424 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2021
Rampage Pro Wrestling
RPW Cruiserweight Championship (2 times)
RPW Intercontinental Championship (1 time)
Ring of Honor
ROH Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Tony Mamaluke
Southern Fried Championship Wrestling
SFCW Classic Championship (1 time)
SFCW Tag Team Championship (2 times) - with Sunny Daze
Charles William Anschutz Memorial Tournament (2021)
Southern Honor Wrestling
SHW Tag Team Championship (1 time) - Sunny Daze
Ultimate Christian Wrestling
UCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Why We Wrestle
Anarchy Triple Crown Championship (1 time)
Luchas de Apuestas record
References
External links
Sal Rinauro's official website
Accelerator wrestler biographies
1982 births
American male professional wrestlers
Living people
21st-century professional wrestlers
ROH World Tag Team Champions
NWA Georgia Junior Heavyweight Champions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal%20Rinauro |
Lake Ouachita (Pronounced WAH-shi-tah) is a reservoir created by the damming of the Ouachita River by Blakely Mountain Dam ().
Blakely Mountain Dam was built by the United States Army Corps of Engineers from 1948 to 1953 for hydroelectric power, recreation, water supply and wildlife conservation. The dam is tall, long at the crest, and is capable of 75 megawatts.
The lake is located near Hot Springs, Arkansas. Lake Ouachita is the largest lake completely in Arkansas, as the larger Bull Shoals Lake extends into Missouri. Lake Ouachita has over of shoreline and over of water. It is completely surrounded by the Ouachita National Forest. Lake Ouachita is located near two other lakes, Lake Hamilton and Lake Catherine. These three lakes, DeGray Lake to the near south, and the thermal springs of Hot Springs National Park make Hot Springs a popular tourist getaway.
Largemouth Bass, Small Mouth Bass, Spotted Bass, Bream, Crappie, Catfish, Walleye and world class Trophy Striped Bass await the angler. Lake Ouachita has rare jellyfish (non-stinging) and sponges found in very few freshwater lakes. Scuba divers from all over the world enjoy the underwater experience as well as the special spear fishing season.
The original purpose of Lake Ouachita was flood control and hydroelectricity. One feature by the Corps of Engineers is the Geo-Float Trail, a marked trail which can be followed with a brochure which details prominent geological features along the route. Lake Ouachita features one of the largest crystal veins in the world.
Vegetation covers 10% of the lake. Lake Ouachita's vegetation is being addressed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, and the Lake Ouachita Association to control the hydrilla and Eurasian watermilfoil. The goal of the project is to contain and reduce — not to eradicate — the vegetation, since the presence of aquatic vegetation in moderate amounts is beneficial to the lake's fishery. Treatment will be concentrated on high recreational use areas, such as swimming beaches, around marinas and popular boating areas. Areas of the lake with good fish habitat will not be treated.
See also
List of Arkansas dams and reservoirs
References
External links
Corps of Engineers – Lake Ouachita
http://www.lakeouachita.org
https://www.stripers247.com/Arkansas-Stripers.php
http://lakeouachitavistatrail.org
Ouachita
Ouachita
Protected areas of Garland County, Arkansas
Protected areas of Montgomery County, Arkansas
Arkansas placenames of Native American origin
Buildings and structures in Garland County, Arkansas
Buildings and structures in Montgomery County, Arkansas
Dams in Arkansas
United States Army Corps of Engineers dams
Dams completed in 1953
Bodies of water of Garland County, Arkansas
Bodies of water of Montgomery County, Arkansas
1953 establishments in Arkansas
Ouachita River | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Ouachita |
Pete Winslow (1934–1972) was a surrealist poet associated with the Beat Generation.
He was born on 19 October 1934 in Washington state. He died in September 1972 of complications following surgery and was survived by his wife Jane Winslow and son, Peter Winslow, who died in a car accident in 1993.
He graduated from the University of Washington in journalism in 1956.
His last book, Daisy in the Memory of a Shark, was published posthumously by City Lights Books in 1973.
Bibliography
What Ever Happened to Pete Winslow? (Tolle House, 1960)
The Rapist and Other Poems (Golden Mountain Press, 1962)
Monster Cookies, Poems 1962-1966 - Illustrated by Ken Brandon (Self-published, 1967)
Mummy Tapes, Poems 1969-70 (Medusa Press, 1971)
Daisy in the Memory of a Shark - Pocket Poets Number 31 - with an introduction by Stephen Schwartz (City Lights Books, 1973)
References
External links
Pete Winslow page at Empty Mirror Books
City Lights Pocket Poets
North Beach Library collects Beat works
20th-century American poets
1972 deaths
1934 births
University of Washington College of Arts and Sciences alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete%20Winslow |
Becket, also known as the Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, is a non-profit public interest law firm based in Washington, D.C., that describes its mission as "defending the freedom of religion of people of all faiths". Becket promotes accommodationism and is active in the judicial system, the media, and in education.
History and leadership
The Becket Fund for Religious Freedom was founded in 1994 by Kevin Hasson, a lawyer who previously worked in the Reagan Administration Justice Department under Samuel Alito, then-Assistant Attorney General and current U.S. Supreme Court Justice. Subsequently, Hasson worked at the Washington law firm Williams & Connolly, where he became well-known and controversial for defending Catholic University's decision to fire Charles Curran for his opposition to Church doctrine despite his being a respected moral theologian.
Hasson, who is Catholic, named The Becket Fund after Saint Thomas Becket, who was the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 to 1170 during the reign of Henry II of England. A long series of quarrels with King Henry ended with Becket's murder and martyrdom at Canterbury Cathedral in 1170. His last words were an acceptance of death in defense of the church of Christ.
In 2011, Hasson stepped down as president of Becket, making way for William P. Mumma, who has since served as the president and chairman of the board. Kristina Arriaga, who was the executive director of Becket starting in 2010 and a member of the firm since 1995, is now a senior advisor to the board. Montse Alvarado, who started with Becket in 2009, replaced Arriaga as executive director in 2017. Mark Rienzi now serves as president and CEO of Becket.
In 2021, the law firm reported having 63 employees and revenue of about $11.2 million, up from $7.5 million in 2020. In 2014, the law firm had eleven litigating attorneys, and an estimated budget of five million dollars. The firm operates as a non-profit.
Mission and positions
The law firm's stated mission is to "protect the free expression of all religious traditions". The organization has indicated that it is their belief that "rights derive [...] not [from] the State, but a Source beyond the State's discretion." The organization maintains that "freedom of religion is a basic human right that no government may lawfully deny; it is not a gift of the state, but instead is rooted in the inherent dignity of the human person". Becket also asserts that "[r]eligious people and institutions are entitled to participate in public life on an equal basis with everyone else."
Supreme Court cases
Becket has served as counsel at the Supreme Court for eight religious freedom cases since 2012, starting with Hosanna-Tabor v. EEOC (2012). In Hosanna-Tabor, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled (9-0) in favor of the ministerial exception doctrine for the first time, which exempts religious institutions from anti-discrimination laws in hiring its "ministers".
They also served as counsel to the plaintiffs in Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. (2014) in their fight to exempt themselves from having to pay for four different drugs and devices they deemed as abortifacients. The court ruled 5–4 in favor of Hobby Lobby, asserting that family owned businesses have a right to operate in accordance with their conscience.
Becket also litigated Holt v. Hobbs (2015) at the Supreme Court. A Muslim inmate in the Arkansas prison system wanted to grow a beard according to his faith. When he was denied his request he wrote a petition to the Supreme Court asking to hear his case. The Court agreed to take on the case and Becket represented Holt, citing that the denial of the plaintiff's right to grow his beard according to his faith is a clear violation of the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act. The Supreme Court would later unanimously rule in support of Holt. Becket served as counsel to the Little Sisters of the Poor in Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v. Pennsylvania (2020). That same term, Becket represented Our Lady of Guadalupe School in Our Lady of Guadalupe School v. Morrissey-Berru (2020).
The most recent case Becket litigated at the Supreme Court was Fulton v. City of Philadelphia (2021). In a 9-0 ruling, the Court held that the City of Philadelphia could not refuse to contract with Catholic Social Services (CSS) because of CSS's rejection of same-sex couples as foster parents, a violation of the city's non-discrimination requirements.
Becket has also filed petitions to the Supreme Court in two cases involving the United States Department of Health and Human Services' contraceptive mandate on employer-paid health insurance coverage of contraception, which had at the time been consolidated into Zubik v. Burwell, Little Sisters of the Poor v. Burwell, and Houston Baptist University and East Baptist University v. Burwell.
List of Supreme Court cases:
Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church & School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,
McCullen v. Coakley,
Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.,
Holt v. Hobbs,
Zubik v. Burwell,
Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v. Pennsylvania,
Our Lady of Guadalupe School v. Morrissey-Berru,
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia,
Other litigation activities
Becket has represented groups and persons from many different religious traditions; its founder, Kevin Hasson, claims that Becket defends the "religious rights of people from 'A to Z,' from Anglicans to Zoroastrians." Previous clients also included the City of Cranston in the attempt to preserve the Prayer Banner at Cranston High School West.
In 1997, the Rigdon v. Perry case set a precedent that the military could not ban chaplains from following the directives of their religious leaders.
In 2010, Becket represented Sacramento-area public school students who sought to continue reciting the current form of the Pledge of Allegiance (including the words "under God") in Newdow v. Carey, the second case brought by Michael Newdow seeking to remove the words "under God" from the Pledge of Allegiance. Becket also represented intervenors in the challenge to the Pledge of Allegiance in Hanover, New Hampshire public schools. Both cases were resolved in favor of the current Pledge language.
In 2012, Becket represented a mosque in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, that was denied the right to use its building by a local court after complaints that the mosque was promoting terrorism. Becket has also litigated on behalf of prisoners who seek to continue following their beliefs in prison. Becket has sought to ensure that observant Jewish prisoners are provided with kosher food in every prison in the United States. In the case of Moussazadeh v. Texas Department of Criminal Justice, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed the right of a Jewish prisoner to receive kosher food in a Texas prison.
From 2016 to 2019, Becket represented Lehigh County, Pennsylvania when it was sued by the Madison, Wisconsin based atheist advocacy organization Freedom From Religion Foundation for having a cross on its County seal and flag. Edward G. Smith, a federal judge with the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, citing the 1971 case of Lemon v. Kurtzman ruled that the addition of a cross on the County's seal was unconstitutional in 2017, but the County appealed the decision. In 2019 the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit in Philadelphia, citing American Legion v. American Humanist Association, a ruling earlier that year, ruled that the presence of a cross in the County seal did not violate the constitution since it commemorated the history of Lehigh County.
Since 2022, the firm represents Yeshiva University, a Modern Orthodox Jewish university in New York City, in a case where undergraduate students sued the university for refusing to recognize an LGBTQ student group. A New York court ruled that the university must recognize the undergraduate Pride Alliance in June, 2022; the university appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court in an attempt to block the ruling in August, 2022.
Another significant area of litigation for Becket has been land use by religious organizations. Becket brought the first case under the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act, and has been involved with such litigation throughout the United States.
While Becket typically litigates in favor of religious liberty claims, it occasionally intervenes in favor of the state to oppose free exercise challenges. One example came when Jewish plaintiffs challenged Indiana's restrictive abortion statutes after Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, claiming that Indiana's laws limiting abortion infringed on Jewish religious belief (which the plaintiffs contended require that abortion be available in most or all situations). In contrast to their normally broad defense of religious liberty claimants, Becket here argued that the Jewish plaintiffs, who had won a preliminary challenge in lower court, were "insincere" in their stated religious beliefs and that even if their religious beliefs were sincere Indiana was justified in overriding them to protect "innocent life".
International activities
Becket has represented Muslim clients in the European Court of Human Rights, and assisted in pre-litigation and litigation in Europe, Asia, and Australia.
References
External links
1994 establishments in the United States
Civil liberties advocacy groups in the United States
Freedom of religion in the United States
Legal advocacy organizations in the United States
Non-profit organizations based in Washington, D.C.
Organizations established in 1994
Religious organizations based in the United States
Thomas Becket | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becket%20Law |
Higgins is an open-source project dedicated to giving individuals more control over their personal identity, profile and social network data.
The project is organized into three main areas:
Active Clients — An active client integrates with a browser and runs on a computer or mobile device.
Higgins 1. X: the active client supports the OASIS IMI protocol and performs the functions of an Information Card selector.
Higgins 2.0: the plan is to move beyond selector functionality to add support for managing passwords and Higgins relationship cards, as well other protocols such as OpenID. It also becomes a client for the Personal Data Store (see below) and thereby provides a kind of dashboard for personal information and a place to manage "permissioning" — deciding who gets access to what slice of the user's data.
Personal Data Store (PDS) is a new work area under development for Higgins 2.0. A PDS stores local personal data, controls access to remotely hosted personal data, synchronizes personal data to other devices and computers, accessed directly or via a PDS client it allows the user to share selected aspects of their information with people and organizations that they trust.
Identity Services — Code for (i) an IMI and SAML compatible Identity Provider, and (ii) enabling websites to be IMI and OpenID compatible.
History
The initial code for the Higgins Project was written by Paul Trevithick in the summer of 2003. In 2004 the effort became part of SocialPhysics.org, a collaboration between Paul and Mary Ruddy, of Azigo, (formerly Parity Communications, Inc.), and Meristic, and John Clippinger, at the Berkman Center for Internet & Society. Higgins, under its original name Eclipse Trust Framework, was accepted into the Eclipse Foundation in early 2005. Mary and Paul are the project co-leads. IBM and Novell's participation in the project was announced in early 2006. Higgins has received technology contributions from IBM, Novell, Oracle, CA, Serena, Google, eperi GmbH as well as from several other firms and individuals. Version 1.0 was released in February 2008.
As of 2019 Eclipse Higgins is archived, meaning that it is an inactive project.
See also
Windows CardSpace (formerly code-named InfoCard)
I-Card
Information Card
References
Eclipse (software)
Federated identity
Identity management initiative | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgins%20project |
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