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Sin Gwang-su (Korean: 신광수, Hanja: 辛光洙, Japanese: 立山富蔵 (Tateyama Tomizō), born June 27, 1929) is a North Korean national suspected of espionage for North Korea. He is wanted by Japanese authorities for his alleged participation in abductions of Japanese citizens during the 1970s and 1980s. He's sometimes known as Shin Kwang Soo. Shin Gwang-su is believed to have participated in the disappearance of Tadaaki Hara in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, in June 1980 with a South Korean national named Kim Kil Uk. A United Nations report concludes that the North Korean agent Shin Gwang-su later passed himself off as Hara in Japan. He also used his passport and traveled to different countries, including South Korea. History Gwang-su was apprehended by South Korean law enforcement in 2014, using Tadaaki Hara's name to pass himself off as Japanese. After his arrest, he admitted to the South Korean authorities that he was involved in abducting Hara and relocating him to North Korea. References 1929 births Living people North Korean abductions of Japanese citizens North Korean expatriates in Japan North Korean spies	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin%20Gwang-su%20%28spy%29
Canadian Hockey Association may refer to: Canadian Hockey Association (1909–10), a men's professional ice hockey league Canadian Hockey Association (1968–1970), a governing body for junior ice hockey in Canada Hockey Canada or the Canadian Hockey Association, the governing body for ice hockey in Canada See also Amateur Hockey Association of Canada (1886–1898) Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (1914–1994) Canadian Hockey League (disambiguation)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20Hockey%20Association
Tana Qirqos (variantly spelled Tana Kirkos; also called Tana Chirqos or Tana Chirkos, etc.; Ge'ez: ጣና ቂርቆስ ṭānā qirqos, ጣና ጪርቆስ ṭānā č̣irqos) is an island in the eastern part of Lake Tana in Ethiopia, near the mouth of the Gumara River, having a latitude and longitude of . It is considered a holy island, and only monks of the Ethiopian Church live there. The monks believe that the island was once the resting place of the Ark of the Covenant. According to tradition, the Ark was placed there by Emperor Ezana, the first Ethiopian sovereign to convert to Christianity, and it remained on the island until it was transported to Mary of Zion church in Axum. Graham Hancock has speculated that the Ark was carried from Elephantine by the Jewish garrison on the island, around the 5th century BC. However, some specialists consider the theory unfounded. When R.E. Cheesman visited Tana Qirqos in 1933, he found a large stratum of rock at the northern end of the island, which looked "like a huge wall of masonry" 400 or 500 yards long and standing about 100 feet high. He recorded that the formation "has been identified as olivine-bearing basalt," and that "in all probability the island gives its name to the lake." References Amhara Region Islands of Lake Tana Christian holy places Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tana%20Qirqos
Greenfield High School is a public high school in Greenfield, Wisconsin, United States. It serves grades 9-12 for the Greenfield School District. History Construction began on the original Greenfield High School on December 16, 1957, shortly after the City of Greenfield was incorporated. The 47-acre site on the corner of Layton Avenue and South 60th Street was purchased for $65,000. Though construction continued, it opened for the first day of school September 12, 1958 with an assembly in the unfinished cafeteria. The school was officially dedicated on June 14, 1959. In 2010, a new high school was built at a cost of $41 million. The school includes a school store, a remodeled cafeteria, and a fitness center. An academic wing was built to replace the wing from the original school. In addition, a new gymnasium was built to supplement the existing "Hawk Dome". The natatorium had its ribbon cutting on January 8, 2010. Athletic facilities include a track, tennis courts, and baseball, soccer, and football fields. Academics Greenfield is accredited by Cognia. Athletics Greenfield's Hustlin' Hawks are members of the Woodland Conference. School colors are forest green and Vegas gold. The following Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association (WIAA) sports are offered: Baseball (boys) Basketball (girls and boys) Cross country (girls and boys) Football (boys) Golf (boys) Soccer (girls and boys) Softball (girls) Swimming and diving (girls and boys) Tennis (girls and boys) Track and field (girls and boys) Volleyball (girls and boys) Wrestling (boys) Notable alumni Matt Turk, National Football League (NFL) punter Dan Nimmer, Pianist for Wynton Marsalis References External links Educational institutions established in 1957 Public high schools in Wisconsin Schools in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin 1957 establishments in Wisconsin	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenfield%20High%20School%20%28Wisconsin%29
Steve Hartsell (born January 6, 1978, Ann Arbor, Michigan) is an American former competitive pair skater. With sister Danielle Hartsell, he is the 1999 U.S. National Champion and the 1997 World Junior Champion. After his sister retired, he skated with Marcy Hinzmann and Kristen Roth. Results Men's Singles (with Danielle Hartsell) (with Marcy Hinzmann) (with Kristen Roth) References Navigation External links 1978 births Living people American male pair skaters Sportspeople from Ann Arbor, Michigan Four Continents Figure Skating Championships medalists World Junior Figure Skating Championships medalists 20th-century American sportsmen 21st-century American sportsmen	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Hartsell
Human reproduction is sexual reproduction that results in human fertilization to produce a human offspring. It typically involves sexual intercourse between a sexually mature human male and female. During sexual intercourse, the interaction between the male and female reproductive systems results in fertilization of the ovum by the sperm to form a zygote. These specialized reproductive cells are called gametes, which are created in a process called gametogenesis. While normal cells contain 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), gamete cells only contain 23 single chromosomes, and it is when these two cells merge into one zygote cell that genetic recombination occurs and the new zygote contains 23 chromosomes from each parent, giving it 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). The zygote then undergoes a defined development process that is known as human embryogenesis, and this starts the typical 9-month gestation period that is followed by childbirth. The fertilization of the ovum may be achieved by artificial insemination methods, which do not involve sexual intercourse. Assisted reproductive technology also exists. Biological and legal requirements In order for human reproduction to be achieved, an individual must have undergone puberty first, requiring ovulation in females and the spermarche in males to have occurred prior to engaging in sexual intercourse or achieving pregnancy through non-penetrative means. Before puberty, humans are infertile, as their genitals lack reproductive function (only being able to discharge urine). Legal factors also play a vital role in the achievement of human reproduction: a minor under the age of consent cannot give legal consent to sexual intercourse or artificial alternatives to reproduction, the former case of which is liable to have the older party charged with statutory rape, depending on jurisdictions. Even for minors above the age of consent, comprehensive sex education advises both consenting parties to use contraception to avoid both sexually transmitted diseases and early, unplanned/unwanted pregnancies. Pregnancy in girls under the age of 15 is especially discouraged due to their reproductive systems having yet to reach full maturity. Anatomy Male reproductive system The male reproductive system contains two main divisions: the testicles where sperm are produced, and the penis which discharges the sperm as semen (this is known as an ejaculation). In humans, both of these organs are outside the abdominal cavity. Having the testicles outside the abdomen facilitates temperature regulation of the sperm, which require specific temperatures to survive about 2-3 °C less than the normal body temperature i.e. 37 °C. In particular, the extraperitoneal location of the testicles may result in a 2-fold reduction in the heat-induced contribution to the spontaneous mutation rate in male germinal tissues compared to tissues at 37 °C. If the testicles remain too close to the body, it is likely that the increase in temperature will harm the spermatozoa formation, making conception more difficult. This is why the testes are carried in an external scrotum rather than within the abdomen; they normally remain slightly cooler than body temperature, facilitating sperm production. Female reproductive system The female reproductive system likewise contains two main divisions: the external genitalia (the vulva) and the internal genitalia. The ovum meets with the sperm cell: a sperm may penetrate and merge with the egg, fertilizing it with the help of certain hydrolytic enzymes present in the acrosome. The fertilization usually occurs in the oviducts, but can happen in the uterus itself. The zygote then becomes implanted in the lining of the uterus, where it begins the processes of embryogenesis and morphogenesis. When the fetus is developed enough to survive outside of the uterus, the cervix dilates and contractions of the uterus propel it through the birth canal, which is the vagina, and thereby gives external life to the newborn infant. This process is called childbirth. The ova, which are the female sex cells, are much larger than the spermatozoon and are normally formed within the ovaries of the female fetus before birth. They are mostly fixed in location within the ovary until their transit to the uterus, and contain nutrients for the later zygote and embryo. Over a regular interval known as the menstrual cycle, in response to hormonal signals, a process of oogenesis matures one ovum which is released and sent down the fallopian tube. If not fertilized, this egg is flushed out of the system through menstruation. Process of fertilization Human reproduction normally begins with copulation, though it may be achieved through artificial insemination, and is followed by nine months of pregnancy before childbirth. Pregnancy can be avoided with the use of contraceptives such as condoms and intrauterine devices. Copulation Human reproduction naturally takes place as internal fertilization by sexual intercourse. During this process, the man inserts his erect penis into the woman's vagina and then either partner initiates rhythmic pelvic thrusts until the man achieves orgasm, which leads to ejaculation of semen containing sperm into the vaginal canal. The sperm and the ovum are known as the gametes (each containing half the genetic information of the parent, created through meiosis). The sperm (being one of approximately 250 million sperm in a typical ejaculation) travels through the vagina and cervix into the uterus or fallopian tubes. Only 1 in 14 million of the ejaculated sperm will reach the fallopian tube. The egg simultaneously moves through the fallopian tube away from the ovary. One of the sperm encounters, penetrates and fertilizes the ovum, creating a zygote. Upon fertilization and implantation, gestation of the fetus then occurs within the uterus. Pregnancy rates for sexual intercourse are highest during the menstrual cycle time from some 5 days before until 1 to 2 days after ovulation. For optimal pregnancy chance, there are recommendations of sexual intercourse every 1 or 2 days, or every 2 or 3 days. Studies have shown no significant difference between different sex positions and pregnancy rate, as long as it results in ejaculation into the vagina. Alternative methods As an alternative to natural sexual intercourse, there exists artificial insemination, where sperm is introduced into the female reproductive system without the insertion of the penis. There are also many methods of assisted reproductive technology, such as in vitro fertilization, where one or more egg cells are retrieved from a woman's ovaries and co-incubated with sperm outside the body. The resulting embryo can then be reinserted into the womb of the woman. Pregnancy Pregnancy is the period of time during which the fetus develops, dividing via mitosis inside the uterus. During this time, the fetus receives all of its nutrition and oxygenated blood from the mother, filtered through the placenta, which is attached to the fetus' abdomen via an umbilical cord. This drain of nutrients can be quite taxing on the mother, who is required to ingest slightly higher levels of calories. In addition, certain vitamins and other nutrients are required in greater quantities than normal, often creating abnormal eating habits. Gestation period is about 266 days in humans. While in the uterus, the baby first endures a very brief zygote stage, then the embryonic stage, which is marked by the development of major organs and lasts for approximately eight weeks, then the fetal stage, which revolves around the development of bone cells while the fetus continues to grow in size. It is estimated that about 3-5% of couples are infertile and the fecunditity of couples is around 30% for each menstrual cycle. Labor and birth Labor is separated into 4 stages. The first stage involves latent phase and active phase separated by the dilation of the cervix for 6 to 10 cm. The second stage is the pushing stage. The third stage involves the delivery of the placenta. And the last stage is the contraction of the uterus. Once the fetus is sufficiently developed, chemical signals begin the process of birth, which begins with the fetus being pushed out of the birthing canal. The newborn, which is called an infant in humans, should typically begin respiration on its own shortly after birth. Not long after, the placenta eventually falls off on its own. The person assisting the birth may also sever the umbilical cord. Discovery of mechanism While most ancient human societies believed that sexual intercourse was necessary for reproduction, the reasons some sex did not result in children, and the mechanism by which mating produced children were not understood. The theory of preformationism was popular in Ancient Greece and Christendom for centuries. Because they are too small to see with the naked eye, it was only after his invention of the microscope that Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovered spermatozoa in 1677. Mitosis and meiosis were not discovered until the late 1800s. See also Heterosexuality Antinatalism Evolution of sexual reproduction Female infertility Human Reproduction (journal) Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences Male infertility Natalism Paternal age effect Reproduction Reproductive system Legislation on human reproduction Reproductive health References Altrui - The Human Egg Cell Explained Further reading Hopwood, Nick, Rebecca Flemming, Lauren Kassell, eds. Reproduction: Antiquity to the Present Day (Cambridge UP, 2018). Illustrations. xxxv + 730 pp. excerpt also online review 44 scholarly essays by historians.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20reproduction
The NFL on Westwood One Sports is the branding for Cumulus Broadcasting subsidiary Westwood One's radio coverage of the National Football League. These games are distributed throughout the United States and Canada (the latter through TSN Radio). The broadcasts were previously branded with the CBS Radio and (for one season) Dial Global marques; CBS Radio was the original Westwood One's parent company and Dial Global purchased the company in 2011. Dial Global has since reverted its name to Westwood One after merging with Cumulus Media Networks. Westwood One's package consists of every primetime regular season NFL broadcast (Sunday Night Football, Monday Night Football, Thursday Night Football), the opening game of the season, all NFL International Series games, any NFL game airing on Thanksgiving Day, any late season Saturday NFL broadcasts, the Pro Bowl and all playoff games (including the Super Bowl). The network also carries the annual NFL Hall of Fame Game. Additionally, in some cases, the network also carries any postponed game broadcast nationally (as this was the case for the 2020 season, due to impacts from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic). History of NFL games on Westwood One's predecessors While major networks such as Westwood One, CBS, NBC, and Mutual held exclusive rights to most national broadcasts of the NFL throughout the league's history, Dial Global's predecessor, Jones Radio Networks, had carried several years' worth of Sunday afternoon games nationwide. Beginning in 2002, Jones carried game broadcasts from the Sports USA Radio Network. After Dial Global's massive acquisition spree of other networks began in 2008, Jones came under the Dial Global banner and Sports USA ended its relationship with the network. In 2009, Dial Global instead switched to Compass Media Networks for its Sunday afternoon NFL coverage. Relationship to CBS Westwood One had a long-standing relationship with CBS Radio. CBS' parent company owned the network for approximately ten years (1998–2008) and, through the CBS Radio Network, maintained control of the production of certain programming, including NFL games, an arrangement that continued following Westwood One's acquisition by Dial Global through the end of the 2011 NFL season. CBS had likely been carrying NFL games since at least 1935, when George A. Richards, owner of WJR and the Detroit Lions, switched WJR's affiliation from NBC Blue to CBS; Richards had negotiated with NBC the previous season to carry the Lions' Thanksgiving contest that year and likely carried those games over to CBS when he switched WJR's network. As such, there was often synergy between the NFL on Westwood One and its former sister outlet, the NFL on CBS. The theme music for The NFL on Westwood One from 2003 until the end of the 2012 season was "Posthumus Zone" by E.S. Posthumus, the same theme music used for the NFL on CBS television coverage (Westwood One's sports coverage had always used the appropriate CBS television theme for their sport where applicable). For the 2013 season onwards, a new radio-specific score was commissioned by the network. Some personnel is shared between the two units; for instance, certain CBS play-by-play announcers (e.g. Don Criqui, Dick Enberg and Ian Eagle) call select Sunday afternoon games throughout the first several weeks of the season on CBS and then switch to Thursday and Saturday night games on Westwood One. Boomer Esiason, who is an analyst for CBS' The NFL Today, called color commentary on Westwood One's Monday Night Football (and would often advertise the latter on the former, as "the Monday night game on Westwood One"); conversely, Steve Tasker, a color commentator for CBS's Sunday afternoon coverage, served as an analyst on The NFL on Westwood One shows. The coverage carried the CBS Radio Sports tag (both with and without "Westwood One") for many years before switching to Westwood One. The Mutual Broadcasting System, purchased by Westwood One in 1985, also aired NFL coverage for many years beginning in 1940, while NBC Radio, purchased by Westwood One in 1987, had exclusive NFL coverage in 1985–86. Westwood One now acknowledges the NBC Radio broadcasts as part of the entire history of the network's football coverage. In December 2008, it was reported that the NFL was considering leaving Westwood One for a rival service (ESPN Radio, Sports USA, and Sporting News Radio being the contenders), or possibly splitting rights for prime-time, Thanksgiving, and postseason games between two or more networks. However, on March 12, 2009, it was announced that Westwood One had signed a two-year extension with the NFL. The league then announced on December 22, 2010, that Westwood One's contract has been extended through 2014. For 2009 and 2010, Westwood One also served as the distributor for the Sports USA network's NFL games after taking over the distribution rights from Dial Global. as such, Westwood One employed Sports USA announcers for certain games covered by the former network, including Thanksgiving Day games, the opening Monday night doubleheader, and Wild Card Weekend. Sale of Westwood One to Dial Global and Cumulus CBS Corporation sold off Westwood One to The Gores Group in 2007, who in turn sold it to Oaktree Capital Management (under the Dial Global brand) in 2011. Dial Global discontinued use of the Westwood One name during its ownership. Although Dial Global's broadcasts continued to carry CBS branding and personalities through 2012, it was initially unclear whether or not this would continue in 2013. CBS is currently working with Cumulus Media Networks in distributing its own nationwide sports radio network, while Dial Global is distributing NBC's national sports network. Several of Dial Global's announcers (Kevin Harlan, Boomer Esiason, Dan Fouts, and Ian Eagle) are employed by CBS and Esiason is a contributor to CBS Sports Radio. The situation was mooted in August 2013, just weeks before the 2013 season started, when Cumulus agreed to acquire Dial Global's network assets; Townsquare Media, which had previously been in the same corporate structure as Dial Global, will acquire 53 of Cumulus's stations as part of the trade. Thus, CBS Sports' radio operations will once again be under the same management as the NFL package. In 2014, Cumulus/Westwood One and the NFL agreed to an extension through the 2017 season. Cumulus Media, Westwood One's owner, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in November 2017 and began canceling its national broadcast contracts (beginning with that of Imus in the Morning) in January 2018. Cumulus's local sports rights, including affiliations with the Seattle Seahawks outside Seattle, and a long-unpaid debt to the Buffalo Bills, are among those Cumulus seeks to terminate in bankruptcy. At the same time, CBS's local radio operations, while still under the control of CBS's shareholders, were spun off and merged into Entercom (which later became Audacy in 2021). No contract extension has yet been announced as of May 2018; the NFL still recognizes Westwood One as a broadcast partner (for instance, San Diego's KWFN proclaimed that it would carry the package in the fall when it switched to a sports radio format in April 2018), and unlike in 2010, the league has not publicly solicited bids for a radio contract. The network confirmed it would continue carrying the league in 2021, with no statement as to how long the renewal would last. In March 2022, Westwood One confirmed an extension of the radio rights for an unspecified multi-year length, which adds radio coverage of other NFL events such as the NFL Draft and NFL Honors, as well as the expansion of rights to distribute its broadcasts via affiliates' digital platforms and the NFL's app, as well as the opportunity to develop alternative audio broadcasts (in the vein of CBS's Nickelodeon simulcasts and ESPN's Peyton and Eli and Megacast supplements for television) for games. Coverage overview Sunday Night Football Pregame Westwood One's coverage of Sunday Night Football begins with their weekly recap show, NFL Sunday. The show beings at 7:30 p.m every Sunday night on most affiliates and is hosted by Scott Graham. The show consists of highlights and statistics from the previous games of the day as well as a preview of the upcoming Sunday night game live from the stadium. For the 2006 season, NFL Sunday assumed a different format. The show was produced in conjunction with NBC Sports, used its John Williams-composed Sunday Night Football theme song, and was regarded as more of a radio version of the television network's Football Night in America pregame. Al Trautwig was the initial host of the program, and an analyst from NBC would offer his own take on the game to come. Incidental music for game highlights came from NFL Films’ library. Trautwig left the show before the season ended for reasons unexplained; Scott Graham would eventually take his place after Chris Carlin substituted for two weeks. (He eventually became permanent host in 2009.) Play-by-play The play-by-play role for CBS Radio Sports' coverage of Sunday Night Football was originally filled by Jack Buck, who called the initial Sunday night games in 1987. Jim Nantz took over for Buck, who was already calling Monday Night Football for the network, the following season and announced games until 1990 when he was moved to television. Nantz was replaced by Howard David for 1991 and continued through 1995, after which he replaced the retiring Buck on Monday Night Football. Brad Sham was hired away from his job with the Dallas Cowboys to replace David for the 1996 season, and he stayed for that season and the following season before deciding to rejoin the Cowboys. Former NBC television announcer Joel Meyers then took over and stayed until the 2005 season when he was replaced by Sunday doubleheader voice Dave Sims, who had been his primary substitute. Sims remained in this role until the end of the 2012 season, when he traded places with Sunday doubleheader voice Kevin Kugler. During Week 8 of the 2018 and 2019 seasons, Tom McCarthy substituted for Kugler as the latter was calling games for Fox. During week 11 of the 2019 season, McCarthy again substituted for Kugler, as he called the Monday Night game (Chiefs-Chargers) from Mexico City for the network. For the 2020 season, after Fox Sports suspended Thom Brennaman for inappropriate comments he made on air in his other job as lead broadcaster for baseball's Cincinnati Reds, the network selected Kugler, who was employed by Fox already through his work on the Big Ten Network, to replace him on their Sunday NFL broadcasts (Kugler remains with the network for select games and as a substitute play-by-play announcer). Westwood One announced that due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, they would utilize different broadcasters from week-to-week depending on where the game was emanating from. Westwood One elected to go back to having a single lead broadcaster for its Sunday night coverage for 2022; on March 30, 2022, the network announced that Ryan Radtke, who had been serving as the network’s lead college football broadcaster and was one of the announcers used in the rotation for 2021, would fill the role. Color commentary John Dockery was the initial color commentator for Sunday Night Football, serving under Buck and Nantz. Beginning in 1990, Pat Haden joined Dockery as color commentator. At the time, the Sunday night games were divided between Turner Sports, with games airing on TNT, and ESPN. Haden was TNT's television analyst and thus unavailable to do radio broadcasts until the network's slate of games had completed, so Dockery would serve an analyst for the radio broadcasts. Once ESPN took over coverage, Haden joined the radio team in place of Dockery. The arrangement lasted until the end of the 1997 season, after which ESPN claimed exclusivity over the Sunday night broadcast. Both Haden and Dockery left the network after that season. Other color commentators include Bob Trumpy, who served as Sunday Night Football analyst from 2000 to 2004 and again from 2006 to 2007; John Riggins, who was the color man for the 2005 season; Jim Fassel, who was 2008's analyst; James Lofton, who replaced Fassel in 2009 after he left for a head coaching job in the United Football League. Jason Taylor replaced Lofton starting with the 2017 season due to Lofton moving to CBS television (Lofton remains with the network as a substitute analyst, primarily for its Monday Night Football coverage). After not having a regular analyst for some time after Taylor left the broadcast, Westwood One decided to give the full-time position to Mike Golic, the former ESPN analyst and radio show host who had recently joined the network, for 2022. Monday Night Football The Monday Night Football broadcast on Westwood One features its lead broadcast team, as the network has long considered Monday night to be its flagship NFL broadcast, even as the NFL now considers the Sunday night game (since 2006 when NBC launched their Sunday night television package) its marquee "game of the week". As such, the team occupying this position stays together to call important playoff games and the Super Bowl. Buck and Stram (1978–1985; 1987–1995) For many years (beginning in 1978), the CBS Radio/Westwood One coverage of Monday Night Football was anchored by Jack Buck on play-by-play, with former Kansas City Chiefs coach Hank Stram alongside him in the color position. They stayed paired together for nearly every major game covered by the network from 1978 until Super Bowl XIX in January 1985. Since Westwood One now regards NBC Radio's coverage of Monday Night Football as part of its broadcast history Stram and Buck were regarded as temporarily replaced by Don Criqui and Bob Trumpy for the two years NBC Radio held the contract. Buck and Stram returned to the booth at the beginning of the 1987 season and stayed there until the end of the 1995 season, with Super Bowl XXX in January 1996 marking their final game as a broadcast team after sixteen total seasons on radio. During their time as Monday Night Football lead broadcast team both Buck and Stram worked on the television side as well. Stram had served as a color commentator on The NFL on CBS prior to joining Buck on the radio and continued to do so from 1978 until CBS lost the rights to the NFL in 1993. Buck rejoined the CBS television coverage as a play-by-play man in 1982 (after having called games for the network from 1964 to 1974) and remained there until 1987. The duo worked together as a television broadcast team in 1982, 1983, and 1985. David, Millen and Esiason (1996–2001) To replace the departing Buck and Stram for 1996, Westwood One promoted Howard David from the Sunday Night Football broadcast and moved Matt Millen, who at the time was a color commentator for Fox and a contributor to the Westwood One Monday night pregame show, into the booth alongside him. Beginning in 1998 and continuing until 2001, David served as the play-by-play voice of the New York Jets for WFAN and later WABC, and would require a substitute when the Jets played on Monday night or in the playoffs. An example of the latter came in the 1998 NFC Championship Game; John Rooney substituted for an absent David in Minneapolis for Westwood One as he called that year's AFC Championship Game for WFAN from Denver. Boomer Esiason joined David and Millen for the 2000 season after being fired by ABC from the Monday Night Football telecast. It was the last season in the booth for Millen as he departed to take a position as President of the Detroit Lions, a job which he received great criticism in and was eventually fired from in 2008. In 2001, David and Esiason were joined by CBS Sports' veteran reporter Lesley Visser, who became the first woman to be an analyst on an NFL broadcast. Visser had previously become the first female sportscaster to preside over the Vince Lombardi Trophy presentation, while covering Super Bowl XXVI for CBS television in 1992. The pairing only lasted the one season, as Visser decided to leave the booth to focus on her reporting for both CBS and HBO. It was also David's last season calling games for Westwood One until his 2009 return, as he became a full-time sports talk show host in Miami and the voice of the Miami Dolphins beginning in 2002. Albert and Esiason (2002–2009) For the 2002 season Westwood One chose veteran broadcaster Marv Albert, who had last called NFL games for NBC in 1997 and was best known for his NBA broadcasting for NBC, TNT, and (at the time) the New York Knicks. Esiason stayed on to be his color commentator. Since Esiason also joined The NFL Today broadcast team for the 2002 season and CBS (at the time) traveled to the site of the AFC Championship Game, Albert and Esiason became the exclusive voices of the game. To accomplish this Esiason would call the end of each half with a wireless microphone so he could save time to go to the field level set CBS used for these games. Esiason has also done this in years CBS has carried the Super Bowl, but has not done this for the AFC Championship game since the 2005 game in Denver as CBS has not traveled to the AFC Championship since (until 2016). Beginning in 2007, Westwood One has employed a series of substitute analysts for Monday Night Football. This was a change necessitated by the premiere of the Boomer and Carton morning show on the network's flagship station, New York's WFAN, which saw Esiason and Craig Carton take over the station's morning show following Don Imus' firing and a job which, when combined with his CBS duties, has Esiason in New York six days a week. Esiason employs a private jet service to get him to and from Monday night games outside the New York-Delaware Valley area, but for games that require significant travel (e.g. west coast games, certain games outside the Northeastern U.S. or games held outside the U.S.) he is unable to return to New York in enough time to rest and be ready for the start of Boomer and Carton at 6:00 am, thus requiring a fill-in analyst for those games. Initially, Albert called the game with a rotating series of guest analysts on weeks that Esiason was unavailable. Beginning in 2009, Westwood One appointed Kevin Harlan and Warren Moon to serve as the backup broadcast team, with Harlan substituting for Albert on games he was unable to make due to other commitments (a role formally filled by Dave Sims) and Moon substituting for Esiason. The pairing ended following the 2009 NFL season, with Albert's last call being Super Bowl XLIV in Miami. On June 4, 2010, Albert announced that he was leaving Westwood One to focus on his NBA broadcasting duties for TNT and the YES Network. In 2011, he returned to calling NFL games for CBS television. Harlan and Esiason (2010–2017) On June 29, 2010, it was announced that Kevin Harlan would be succeeding Albert as Westwood One's primary play-by-play voice for Monday Night Football, with Esiason continuing as color commentator. In 2010, Randy Cross served as Esiason's substitute for select games, while Wayne Larrivee filled in on play-by-play when Harlan was unavailable. The following year, Dan Fouts replaced Cross as substitute analyst and stayed until 2014 when Kurt Warner replaced him. 2016 substitutions In 2016, for the first time since being employed by the network, Esiason did not call the opening game of the season as it took place in Denver. Regular substitute Kurt Warner filled in for Esiason. During Week 7 of the same season neither Harlan or Esiason was available for the Monday Night game, Kevin Kugler filled in for Harlan as he was calling the International Series game in London, England for NFL Network, with Kurt Warner also filling in for Esiason (despite Kugler and Warner, the latter filling in for James Lofton, calling the Sunday Night Football game the previous night). For the Week 11 Monday Night game (Texans-Raiders) being played in Mexico City, Armando Quintero and Benny Ricardo (both Mexican-Americans) called the game instead of Harlan and Esiason/Warner. Kugler and Warner would again call the Week 16 Monday Night game (Lions-Cowboys), with Kugler filling in for Harlan as the latter called the Christmas Night game (Broncos-Chiefs) in Kansas City (where Harlan resides in) with Lofton. Harlan and Warner (2018–present) On August 9, 2018, it was announced that Kurt Warner would be succeeding Esiason as Westwood One's primary color commentator for Monday Night Football ending Esiason's 18-year reign in the Monday Night Football booth, with Harlan continuing as play-by-play announcer. However, Esiason called the opening game of the 2018 season (Falcons-Eagles) as his final game for the network. For the opening-week Monday night doubleheader, the primary team initially split up to cover the two games. In 2014, for example, Esiason joined Ian Eagle to call the early game while Harlan teamed with James Lofton on the broadcast of the late game. However, this was no longer the case as of the 2018 season due to Esiason's departure, with Harlan and Warner calling the late game. Pregame and halftime show host The Monday Night Football pregame and halftime shows are conducted differently from usual pregames, as there is no other game action to recap. Jim Gray presided over both the pregame and halftime shows, which are more feature driven and often feature guest commentators such as Tom Brady and Larry Fitzgerald, who contributes to the pregame show weekly with predictions and commentary. In addition to the Monday night games, Gray also hosted the studio shows for the Thursday opening game and the Super Bowl. For the Monday Night game held in Mexico during Week 11 of the 2016 season, Scott Graham co-hosted the pregame and halftime shows with Gray. Starting with the 2021 season, NFL Network host Rich Eisen succeeded Gray on this role while, in-turn, also relocating the Monday Night pregame/halftime coverage to Los Angeles from the network’s New York City studios. Gray, Fitzgerald and Brady have since started a podcast titled Let's Go!, which airs on Mondays during the season on SiriusXM NFL Radio prior to the game broadcasts. Steve Tasker serves as the sideline reporter for Monday Night Football. John Dockery served as sideline reporter from 1999 to 2007. From 2008 to 2012, there was no official sideline reporter for Monday Night Football. Spanish language In 2005, Westwood One carried an alternate Spanish-language feed featuring Clemson Smith-Muniz as play-by-play host and David Crommett as commentator. Those broadcasts have moved to United Stations Radio Networks. Thursday Night Football In addition to its Sunday and Monday night coverage, Westwood One also is the radio home for Thursday Night Football. Westwood One and its predecessors have always aired Thursday games in the past, but until 2006 those games were usually limited to Thanksgiving, rarely scheduled midweek games, and the season opening game beginning in 2002. When Thursday Night Football was added to the NFL schedule permanently, Westwood One created a specific broadcast team to cover it. From 2006 until 2008, Dick Enberg was the play-by-play man. Sam Wyche was the initial color analyst, and Dennis Green replaced him after the 2006 season. Since 2009, Ian Eagle has been the voice of Thursday Night Football for Westwood One and Dave Pasch, Tom McCarthy or Brandon Gaudin has worked as a backup play by play man for Thursday Night Football in 2021. After Dennis Green left to take the head coaching position with the United Football League's California Redwoods in 2008, Fox television analyst Trent Green replaced him and stayed on until the end of the 2013 season when Mike Mayock took over. As of 2022, Eagle's analyst is Tony Boselli. The backup announcers for 2022 will be Kevin Kugler (play by play) and Jason McCourty (analyst). Saturday games When the NFL expanded its weekly games into Thursday nights on a regular basis, a package of Saturday night games was added as part of it and the entire broadcast package was titled Run to the Playoffs. As Westwood One had already had rights to the late season Saturday afternoon tripleheaders through 2005, the network retained its rights when the Saturday action was reduced to one game. For the first two seasons, where three Saturday Night Football games were broadcast, Westwood One carried a separate broadcast team for those games. Joel Meyers called the games the first year while Don Criqui called them the second. When the Saturday night action became infrequent, Westwood One opted to not have a specific team to cover those matchups. As of 2021, Westwood One carries all late season Saturday doubleheaders, with few exceptions mainly due to exclusivity (e.g the 49ers-Cardinals matchup during Week 16 of the 2020 season, as the game was exclusive to Amazon Prime Video). Former Sunday doubleheader coverage Prior to 2018, The NFL on Westwood One featured two games each week from the Sunday afternoon lineup, with one beginning at 1:00 pm and one at 4:25 pm. Westwood One marketed these games as "tripleheaders" when also including the Sunday Night Football broadcasts. During the 2013 season, due to the rescheduling of the San Diego Chargers–Oakland Raiders Week 5 game to 8:25 pm PDT, the network had obtained the rights to broadcast that game nationally, forming a quadrupleheader. The "quadrupleheader" process would continue on Week 8 of the 2014 season, during Weeks 4, 7 and 8 of the 2015–16 seasons and during weeks 4 & 8 of the 2017 season, all of which are due to the network carrying the NFL International Series games in England on those weeks (all with 9:30 am EST (2:30 pm local time) start times). Broadcast teams Westwood One employed two separate broadcast teams for the Sunday doubleheader. Over the years, the lead announcers included Harry Kalas, Howard David, Dave Sims, and Bill Rosinski among others. Analysts included Tony Boselli, Jack Ham, and Rod Woodson. NFL Films narrator Scott Graham hosted all studio segments for the Sunday games on Westwood One, having taken this position once previous host Tommy Tighe moved to ESPN Radio. In addition to his studio duties, Graham would also provide play-by-play on certain games. In such cases, either Jason Horowitz replaced him in the studio or Graham did the studio segments on-site. After Jim Gray’s departure just before the 2021 season, Graham hosted the pre-game/halftime for that season’s Super Bowl alongside Willie McGinest. Playoff coverage For the first two rounds of the playoffs, often the regular broadcast teams are mixed, due to Boomer Esiason's unavailability. During the wild card and divisional weekends, there are four games, therefore four separate crews are needed. Some of the other established crews call the less-popular games. For instance, in 2007, Dick Enberg and Dennis Green (from the Thursday night crew) called one of the wild card games, and Marv Albert called games alongside Jim Fassel from the Sunday doubleheader team. In 2009, the teams were even more mixed – for example, Marv Albert called an opening round game with Dennis Green and a divisional playoff game with Warren Moon. Typically, the first time the main crews are together comes during Conference Championship weekend, since Boomer Esiason has commitments with The NFL Today. When he joined the CBS studio show, the crew traveled to the site of the AFC Championship Game every year; this meant the Monday night crew would be exclusively responsible for calling the game. CBS has not chosen to travel to the sites of the AFC Championship Game from 2006 to 2015, so Esiason stays behind in New York with the NFL Today panel. In the first of those two seasons Marv Albert called the 2007 game in Indianapolis alongside Sam Wyche. In 2008, neither Albert nor Esiason was available on championship weekend, so Dave Sims and Bob Trumpy moved to the AFC Championship Game in New England while Bill Rosinski took Albert's place alongside Jim Fassel for the NFC Championship Game in Green Bay. For 2009, Albert returned to the booth for Championship Sunday, calling the NFC Championship Game alongside Fassel with Dave Sims and Dennis Green responsible for the AFC Championship Game. The 2010 Conference Championship Games saw Kevin Harlan and Warren Moon call the AFC Championship Game while Sims and James Lofton called the NFC championship Game. The broadcast teams have stayed together throughout the playoffs; this was made simpler with the addition of a permanent backup analyst for Monday Night Football. For 2016, Harlan and Esiason called the AFC Championship Game, as CBS will be traveling to the 2016 AFC Championship Game in Denver for the first time since 2006, allowing Esiason to work both his NFL Today and radio duties on-site. While Kevin Kugler and James Lofton will be calling the NFC Championship game. For the 2019 playoffs, NBC's Mike Tirico and ESPN's Brian Griese called the Saturday AFC wild card game, owing to the reduction of Westwood One to three announce teams for the primetime games in the regular season, who then covered the remainder of Wild Card Weekend's four games. Due to the expanded playoffs in 2021, which resulted in six games during Wild Card Weekend, Westwood One called in many of its backup announcers to cover the full slate of games. For the first tripleheader on Saturday, John Sadak and Ross Tucker call Colts-Bills, Ryan Radtke and Mike Holmgren call Rams-Seahawks, and Kevin Harlan and Ron Jaworski call Buccaneers-Washington. On Sunday, Brandon Gaudin and Rod Woodson call Ravens-Titans, Kevin Kugler and James Lofton call Bears-Saints, and Kevin Harlan and Tony Boselli call Browns-Steelers. Other programming Westwood One, in addition to its game coverage and highlight show on Sundays, Mondays, and Thursdays, offers to affiliate stations four different NFL-related programs during the season leading up to the Super Bowl. The first to premiere is Fantasy Football Forecast, originally an hour-long weekly program hosted by Kevin Kugler and James Lofton regarding fantasy leagues. This program premieres in late August and runs until the final week of the season and is now a two-minute feature hosted by Jason Horowitz. A second program, NFL Insider, runs from the beginning of the season through to the Super Bowl, is a program hosted by Scott Graham, where he provided analysis of the week, present highlights of the previous week's action, and interview players and coaches. Scott Graham and Mike Golic host an NFL preview show every week (appropriately called NFL Preview), where they analyze each game in depth and provide information about what players and other factors will play roles in the upcoming week. This program runs through Super Bowl Sunday and is thirty minutes in length, but runs for an hour leading into the Super Bowl. A live radio version of The NFL Today runs every Sunday morning before the main CBS version during the season, hosted by Amber Theoharis alongside rotating analysts. Warner also hosts a weekly podcast The Kurt Warner QB Podcast (named after Warner himself), where he and Kevin Harlan analyze and review quarterback plays throughout the season. During the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the network also re-broadcast select NFL postseason games from past seasons, including Super Bowl I, Super Bowl XLII, and Super Bowl LIV. Under the NFL's 2022 contract with Westwood One, it will also provide coverage of other "tentpole" events such as the NFL draft combine, NFL Draft, the schedule release, and the NFL Honors. Announcers 2020 adjustments As mentioned above, the Sunday NFL broadcasts have been affected due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the move of Kevin Kugler to Fox television for the season. Thus, Westwood One is employing a different arrangement that will feature different broadcasters from week to week based on geography. This arrangement was then extended to Monday and Thursday night broadcasts for select games. In Week 2, Westwood One's lead college football voice Ryan Radtke called the matchup between the New England Patriots and the Seattle Seahawks. Mike Holmgren, former Seahawks coach and sometimes guest analyst on Westwood One broadcasts, served as color commentator. In Week 3, Madden NFL commentator Brandon Gaudin is the play-by-play announcer for both the Thursday (Dolphins-Jaguars; with Derek Rackley) and Sunday night (Packers-Saints; with Rod Woodson) games. Ian Eagle and Tony Boselli, the Thursday Night Football crew, called the Monday night game (Chiefs-Ravens). In Week 5, Kevin Harlan and Ben Leber called the Thursday Night game (Buccaneers-Bears). In Week 6, Sunday/Thursday night pregame host Scott Graham called one game of an impromptu Monday night doubleheader (Chiefs-Bills, which was postponed from the originally scheduled Thursday night), alongside Ross Tucker. In Week 8, Brandon Gaudin and Tony Boselli called the Thursday night game (Falcons-Panthers). Regular substitute Tom McCarthy (also a play-by-play announcer for the Philadelphia Phillies) and Ross Tucker called the Sunday night game (Cowboys-Eagles). Ian Eagle and Ron Jaworski, a former Monday Night Football analyst for ESPN, called the Monday night game (Buccaneers-Giants). In Week 9, Ryan Radtke and Rod Woodson called the Thursday night game (Packers-49ers). Brandon Gaudin and Derek Rackley called the Sunday night game (Saints-Buccaneers). In Week 12, Kevin Harlan and Ron Jaworski called the Monday night game (Seahawks-Eagles). Kenny Albert, who normally calls NHL games for the network, and Anthony Becht called a Wednesday afternoon game (Ravens-Steelers, which was originally scheduled as the Thanksgiving night game but was postponed multiple times). In Week 13, Scott Graham and Ross Tucker called a Tuesday night game (Cowboys-Ravens, which was originally scheduled as a Thursday night game) In Week 14, CBS Sports' Spero Dedes and Terrell Davis called the Thursday night game (Patriots-Rams). Tom McCarthy and Ross Tucker called the Sunday Night game (Steelers-Bills). In Week 15, Ryan Radtke and Kurt Warner called the Thursday night game (Chargers-Raiders). Radtke and Rod Woodson called the first Saturday game (Bills-Broncos) while former Sunday doubleheader voice John Sadak and Shaun O'Hara called the second game (Panthers-Packers). Tom McCarthy and Ross Tucker called the Sunday night game (Browns-Giants). In Week 16, Scott Graham and Ross Tucker called the Christmas Day game (Vikings-Saints). During the Saturday tripleheader, John Sadak and Jim Miller called the first game (Buccaneers-Lions) while Ryan Radtke and Rod Woodson called the last game (Dolphins-Raiders); Westwood One did not produce a feed of the 49ers-Cardinals matchup. Brandon Gaudin and Ben Leiber will call the Sunday night game (Titans-Packers); Tom McCarthy and Ross Tucker will call the Monday night game (Bills-Patriots). Availability For the Conference Championship games and the Super Bowl, most affiliate radio stations of the participating teams' networks must accept the feed from Westwood One. Only the flagship stations (in both English and other languages) can transmit the team's local radio broadcast, although the local broadcasts are also available on Sirius XM and NFL Game Pass. An exception is made for the Green Bay Packers because they technically have flagships in two separate cities, WTAQ-AM-FM and WIXX in Green Bay and WRNW in Milwaukee. If the local Westwood One affiliate is not the same as the corresponding affiliate of the team, the Westwood One station retains broadcast rights and the team's station must switch to alternate programming (for example, KSPN in Los Angeles aired an alternate feed of ESPN Radio on January 20, 2008 when the San Diego Chargers played in the AFC Championship Game, as exclusive rights belonged to KLAC, the Chargers' L.A. affiliate. The same situation occurred in 2011 with WAPL as part of the Packers example above; although that station is licensed to Appleton south of Green Bay, the station transmits from the same site as WIXX, but as it is an 'out-of-market' station according to NFL rules, carried the Westwood One call rather than the Packers home call during the NFC Championship Game and Super Bowl XLV). For all other weeks, within 75 miles of a team's stadium, only stations the team or its flagship station contracts with can carry those games, regardless if the team is home or away. Thus, any competing station that carries Westwood One broadcasts cannot air those games- for instance, any time the New York Jets are playing on Sunday or Monday nights, their games do not air on New York City's Westwood One affiliate, WFAN, as exclusive rights to the game broadcast lie with the Jets' flagship WEPN-FM (In the case of the Sunday doubleheaders, most stations can opt for an alternate national broadcast from the Sports USA Radio Network or, beginning in 2009, Compass Media Networks.) This rule applies to Toronto, Canada whenever the Buffalo Bills play nationally. (However, in the case of Toronto, the same station affiliates with both the Bills radio network and Dial Global, which means the only difference is which broadcast team the station uses). For a time before the most recent moves of the Los Angeles Chargers and Rams, the rule applied to the Los Angeles market, but it was relaxed in 2008 and all national radio broadcasts were available in that market on KLAC (Dial Global) and KFWB (Sports USA Radio) until the Rams returned to the market on KSPN in 2016. The NFL on Westwood One was not available on the NFL Game Pass (formerly Audio Pass) subscription service, though the network's prime time and playoff broadcasts became available beginning in the 2009 NFL season as a result of a new broadcast contract. All prime time and playoff broadcasts are carried on Sirius XM NFL Radio. Officially, games could not be streamed on internet radio by affiliates per NFL rules. In 2022, it was announced that Westwood One games will now be able to be streamed for free via their affiliates' digital platforms, as well as the NFL mobile app. Current terrestrial affiliates This is an incomplete list of NFL on Westwood One Sports terrestrial± affiliates across the United States. Programming is subject to local blackouts, their own game broadcasts for their local teams, and other station programming. Notes External links American sports radio programs Westwood One Westwood One National Football League on the radio CBS Radio programs CBS Radio Sports 1970s American radio programs 1980s American radio programs 1990s American radio programs 2000s American radio programs 2010s American radio programs Westwood One	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL%20on%20Westwood%20One%20Sports
The Chevron Cars are anthropomorphic vehicles who were part of an advertising campaign of the Chevron Corporation consisting of television spots, print ads, billboards, and toy cars available at Chevron retail locations. History Their debut in television commercials on May 1, 1995, featured talking cars done in clay animation, with a variety of car colors each with different personalities. The commercials themselves, done in a similar fashion to the animated film and television series Creature Comforts, were crafted by Aardman Animations and used to promote Chevron with Techron. A year later, Chevron gas stations began selling the toy cars featured in the commercials. Chevron underestimated demand in 1997 and increased production to 700,000 on each of 4 or 5 new models at the time, compared to 500,000 in the previous year. Although originally designed for children, Chevron executives were surprised that adults started collecting the toy plastic cars as well. Older adults are among the most enthusiastic collectors of the Chevron Cars. On October 2, 2001, Chevron issued the limited edition Hope car to raise awareness about the fight for a cure for breast cancer and raised about $300,000 in donations. This has been followed by a new breast cancer awareness each October through 2007 with profits going to relevant charities. In 2007, Chevron began limited production of cars in association with major commercial sports and university teams based on their Victor E. Van car. On July 26, 2011, Chevron announced that due to decreasing consumer demand, the production of the Chevron Cars would be discontinued. This brought to an end a period of fifteen years in which they were produced and sold. Credits The television ads were designed by advertising agency Young and Rubicam. The internet strategy, digital brand extension and the ecommerce component was created and managed by San Francisco web developer ISL Consulting, now part of ClearMetrics, Inc. ISL Consulting also developed the original Chevron.com corporate website as well as numerous other web-based initiatives for the various Chevron operating companies. Popular culture The Chevron Cars television ads have been parodied in several television shows, including Robot Chicken, the animated comedy Family Guy (episode "Deep Throats"), and a MADtv sketch in which one of the cars gets fitted with a bomb and explodes after asking questions about the ticking. See also Cars - A franchise by Pixar featuring anthropomorphic vehicles, with their eyes being on the windows. References External links The Chevron Cars The Chevron Cars Blog Chevron Cars as Branding Identity of Techron Gas Aardman Animations Automobile advertising characters Chevron Corporation Mascots introduced in 1995	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevron%20Cars
Danielle Hartsell (born November 21, 1980, in Ann Arbor, Michigan) is an American former competitive pair skater. With brother Steve Hartsell, she is the 1999 U.S. National Champion and 1997 World Junior Champion. She married Chris Minnis on September 20, 2003 Programs Results Ladies' Singles (with Steve Hartsell) Professional career References External links Pairs on Ice Profile Navigation 1980 births Living people American female pair skaters Sportspeople from Ann Arbor, Michigan Four Continents Figure Skating Championships medalists World Junior Figure Skating Championships medalists 21st-century American women 20th-century American women	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielle%20Hartsell
Joel Meyers is an American sportscaster who is the play-by-play announcer of the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He also is the lead host of "Above the Rim", which airs weekdays from 10am-1pm ET on SiriusXM NBA Radio. He is also the preseason play-by-play announcer for the New Orleans Saints. Career His professional resumé includes NFL telecasts on NBC, Los Angeles Dodgers telecasts from 1990 to 1991, California Angels telecasts from 1987 to 1989, St. Louis Cardinals radio broadcasts in 2002, Los Angeles/Oakland Raiders radio broadcasts from 1993 to 1996, San Antonio Spurs telecasts, various assignments for ESPN and FSN, and even the Los Angeles Lazers of the Major Indoor Soccer League. Meyers called the 2007 FIBA Americas gold and bronze medal games with Steve "Snapper" Jones. From 2012 to 2013 he called preseason games for the Houston Texans with Spencer Tillman. He also called games for the Los Angeles Clippers. Meyers currently calls Big 12 Conference college football games for FSN and NBA games for ESPN Radio. He previously worked National Football League games for Westwood One (usually teamed with Bob Trumpy), but left that network after the 2006 season. He currently works for Bally Sports New Orleans as the play-by-play announcer for the New Orleans Pelicans (formerly New Orleans Hornets). Meyers also called the 2014 preseason lineup on local Cox Sports Television for the New Orleans Saints. Meyers called 1st Round games for the 2014 NBA Playoffs on TNT partnered with Chris Webber. He also called 1st Round games for TNT and NBATV during the 2020 NBA Playoffs. He worked with Greg Anthony for the 1st-round games in the 2020 NBA Playoffs. Meyers also worked 1st round games for the 2021 NBA Playoffs for NBATV and TNT. Los Angeles Lakers Meyers most notably started work for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association in 2003 as their radio voice, the year after Chick Hearn died. Two years later, he was moved from radio to television where he was paired with Stu Lantz. Meyers replaced Paul Sunderland, who had succeeded Chick Hearn. Meyers left the Lakers at the end of the 2010–2011 season when the team did not renew his contract. He was supposed to be replaced by Spero Dedes, but Dedes ended up choosing a contract with the New York Knicks instead. Eventually, Meyers would be replaced by Bill Macdonald. Key and Peele skits Meyers portrayed the play-by-play announcer Dave Stassen in two Key & Peele football skits, beginning in Season 2, airing in 2012. Accolades In 2010, he was inducted into the Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. Personal A St. Louis native, Meyers graduated from Ladue Horton Watkins High School in 1972. He attended the University of Missouri, and served as the public address announcer at Busch Stadium II for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1980 until 1982, with the Cardinals winning the World Series in his final season. References External links Year of birth missing (living people) Living people American radio sports announcers American television sports announcers Association football commentators California Angels announcers College basketball announcers in the United States College football announcers Houston Texans announcers Ladue Horton Watkins High School alumni Los Angeles Clippers announcers Los Angeles Dodgers announcers Los Angeles Lakers announcers Los Angeles Raiders announcers Major League Baseball broadcasters New Orleans Hornets announcers New Orleans Pelicans announcers Oakland Raiders announcers Olympic Games broadcasters People from Hidden Hills, California People from Missouri People from St. Louis San Antonio Spurs announcers St. Louis Cardinals announcers University of Missouri alumni Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) commentators	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel%20Meyers
Jeffrey McFadden is a Canadian classical guitarist, and a recording artist for Naxos Records. He is known for his recordings of works by composers of the romantic era such as Fernando Sor and Napoleon Coste. His latest recording features the works of the Paraguayan guitarist-composer Agustín Barrios. He is also a noted editor and arranger, and wrote the standard text on guitar harmony Fretboard Harmony: Common Practice Harmony on the Guitar (d'OZ, 2010). His performances and recording have received critical notice in major media outlets such as the London Daily Telegraph, The Ottawa Citizen, and Gramophone UK. McFadden was born in 1963 in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. He attended the University of Western Ontario, finishing first in his class in 1984. Later he attended the University of Toronto where he was an Eaton Graduate Fellow and studied under Norbert Kraft. He was a silver medalist in the 1992 Guitar Foundation of America competition. He is currently Head of Guitar Studies and Associate Professor in the Faculty of Music at the University of Toronto. In 2010, Jeffrey McFadden became the first ever graduate of the Doctor of Musical Arts degree program at the University of Toronto. Jeffrey McFadden is currently the artistic director of the Sauble Beach Guitar Festival. Discography Guitar Recital (Naxos 8.553401) Sor - Works for Solo Guitar Opp. 26–30 (Naxos 8.553451) Sor - Works for Solo Guitar Opp. 46–51 (Naxos 8.553985) Coste - Works for Solo Guitar (Naxos 8.554192) Coste - 25 études, Op. 38 (Naxos 8.554354) Riley and others - Music for Guitar and Flute (Naxos 8.559146) Barrios - Guitar Music vol.3 (Naxos 8.557807) References External links Official website Canadian classical guitarists Canadian male guitarists 1963 births Living people	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey%20McFadden
Zee Cine Award for Best Track of the Year is chosen from public-opinion poll, and the song is declared a winner at the actual ceremony. This category was first founded in 2004 and it is considered a prestigious award for a particular song of the film to win. In 2011, the category was renamed Zee Cine Award for Viewer's Choice Song of the Year. Multiple wins Winners The chosen songs are listed below:- See also Bollywood Cinema of India References Zee Cine Awards	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zee%20Cine%20Award%20for%20Best%20Track%20of%20the%20Year
Zachary Thompson Space (born January 27, 1961) is an American lawyer and politician and the former U.S. Representative for , serving from 2007 until 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party. After serving in Congress, Space became a lobbyist and was a principal for Vorys Advisors LLC, a subsidiary of the law firm Vorys, Sater, Seymour and Pease. He ran unsuccessfully for Ohio State Auditor in 2018, significantly outperforming other members of the ticket in Appalachian Ohio counties. He is currently serving as President of Sunday Creek Horizons, a lobbying and advocacy firm founded in 2019 that serves clients in eastern and southern Ohio. Early life, education and career Space was born on January 27, 1961, in Dover, Ohio. His family is of Greek origin, originating from the island Icaria. His last name was an alteration of his grandfather's Greek name. His father, Socrates Space, was a Democratic chairman in Space's home county of Tuscarawas. Space graduated from Dover High School in 1979, and attended Kenyon College, where he earned All-American honors in football, and graduated with a B.A. in Political Science. Space then earned a Juris Doctor from the Ohio State University Moritz College of Law. In 1986, Space started a law practice with his father, Socrates. Their firm, Space & Space Company, LPA, was in business for nearly 20 years and focused on consumer rights. The elder Space was also active in local politics, serving a long tenure as Chairman of the Tuscarawas County Democratic Party. He married Mary Ellen Wade, a future judge, in 1988. Space is a member of the Tuscarawas County and State of Ohio Bar Associations. In addition to his private law practice, he has worked as a public defender and served as Special Counsel to two Attorneys General of Ohio, Anthony J. Celebrezze, Jr. and Lee Fisher. After the death of Dover Law Director Thomas Watson, Space was appointed to fill the vacancy. He won re-election in 2001 with 70 percent of the vote, and was unopposed in the 2003 election. As Law Director, Space served as general counsel to the Dover city government and tried misdemeanor cases in the city's municipal court. U.S. House of Representatives Committee assignments Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade and Consumer Protection Subcommittee on Communications, Technology and the Internet Subcommittee on Health Space was a member of the Blue Dog Coalition. He is an advocate for embryonic stem cell research, a position he embraced after his son Nicholas was diagnosed with Type I diabetes at age six. Representative Space voted against the final Senate version of the Affordable Care Act after voting for the House version which included a public option. Rep. Space voted for the Waxman-Markey "cap and trade" bill allowing it to be brought out of committee and be passed by the House. American Electric Power and the Environmental Defense Fund ran a commercial congratulating Rep. Space for his vote. Political campaigns 2006 On May 2, 2006, Space won the Democratic primary for the House seat then held by Bob Ney, defeating Democrats Jennifer Stewart, Joe Sulzer, and Ralph Applegate. Space received 39 percent of the vote, Stewart 25 percent, Sulzer 24 percent, and Applegate received 11 percent. Republican Ney said much of the primary campaign was focused on attacking him, and said he would attempt to bring the campaign back to the issues. "It has to get back to issues," he said. "We are going to run an aggressive campaign. ... We are going to stick to the issues and show the difference between me and Zack Space." In July, a poll commissioned by the Space campaign showed Space ahead of Ney, 46 percent to 35 percent, with 19 percent undecided. On August 7, Ney withdrew from the race, citing concerns about legal issues facing him; he pleaded guilty to charges related to the Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal on October 13. In a special primary the Ohio Republican party selected State Senator Joy Padgett to replace Ney. She was dogged by questions about a business bankruptcy that she and her husband had filed. She was also seriously hampered by associations with Ney, as well as widespread scandals surrounding the Ohio Republican Party. On November 7, Space defeated Padgett 62 percent to 38 percent. Although much more attention was paid to Brad Ellsworth's 61 percent to 39 percent defeat of John Hostettler in Indiana's 8th district, Space's victory was the largest margin of any Democrat in a Republican-held seat nationwide in 2006. 2008 Space defeated Republican Fred Dailey, former director of the Ohio Department of Agriculture 60-40%. 2010 Space was challenged by Republican State Senator Bob Gibbs and Constitution Party Lindsey Sutton. Gibbs won the election, securing 54% of the vote to 40% that went to Space. During the campaign, Gibbs attacked Space for his role in the financial meltdown and his support for policies like cap and trade, which Gibbs argued would have been devastating for Space's district, which was predominantly made up of coal miners. Ohio Auditor of State campaign Space formally announced his campaign for Ohio Auditor of State in August 2017 with stops in Martins Ferry, Zanesville, Columbus, and Lima. Space focused his campaign around using the auditor's office to restore confidence in Ohio's democratic process. He pledged to expose pay-to-play in Ohio's state government and mitigate against the influence of money in politics. In addition, Space campaigned for an end to partisan gerrymandering. Space also embarked on an "Ohio River Tour to Restore" in November 2017, holding 11 campaign events over three days in Scioto, Lawrence, Gallia, Meigs, Athens, Monroe, Belmont, and Jefferson counties along the Ohio River. In February 2018, Space's race for state auditor was named a National Priority Target by the National Democratic Redistricting Committee, an anti-gerrymandering organization. In January 2018, as a campaign point Space called on politicians who took campaign contributions from the founders of the Electronic Classroom of Tomorrow (ECOT) to donate those monies back to local public schools. In May, Space's Republican opponent, Keith Faber, returned over $36,000 in ECOT campaign contributions, also claiming he "helped shut ECOT down". Politifact Ohio rated this "Mostly False". In June 2018, Space announced a plan to form a unit in the Auditor's office to investigate the full extent of the for-profit charter school scam in Ohio. Space's proposal was criticized by Faber, who argued that the auditor was already responsible for auditing all charter schools in Ohio. In August 2018, Space announced a plan to investigate the effects of NAFTA-era free trade policies on Ohio communities and workers. The plan, called Working Families First, was announced at United Steelworkers halls in Youngstown and Martins Ferry. In September 2018, The Columbus Dispatch criticized a website launched by Faber, which included false claims made against Space and an image of Space's father which had been doctored to look like Space shaking hands with Nancy Pelosi. Space also criticized the doctored photograph as a campaign point. In October, three weeks before the election, the Associated Press reported that Faber had incurred penalties for failing to pay nearly $5,500 in taxes on time on multiple properties over multiple years. Space argued these failures would make Faber a hypocritical state auditor. After Space in September 2018 was endorsed by the Columbus Dispatch and Akron Beacon Journal, the Cleveland Plain Dealer endorsed Space in mid-October, citing Faber's reputation for partisanship. Space was defeated in the November election by less than 3.5%. Space led the Democratic ticket, running ahead of the four other statewide Democratic ticket, and ran between 5-10% ahead of the Democratic ticket across Appalachian Ohio. Personal life Space is a managing member of several closely held companies that have constructed and operated hotels in Tuscarawas County. He has served as a board member for the Tuscarawas County Board of Elections, the Tuscarawas County Board of Intellectual Disabilities and Developmental Disabilities, the Ohio Association of Nonprofit Organizations, the Ohio Legislative Black Caucus Foundation, CoalBlue, the Rural Community Assistance Partnership, and as a steering committee member for the Central Ohio Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation and Clean Fuels Ohio. Space is now President of Sunday Creek Horizons, a lobbying firm described on its website as "a mission-driven advocacy, strategic communications, and business development firm focused on improving the lives of Appalachian Ohioans." Sunday Creek Horizons was founded in 2019 and is based in Athens, Ohio. Space’s partners are Will Drabold and Zachary Reizes. Space is a member of St. George Greek Orthodox Church of Massillon, Ohio. References External links Profile at SourceWatch Photos from Zack Space's first day in office 1961 births Living people 21st-century American politicians American people of Greek descent Kenyon College alumni Ohio State University Moritz College of Law alumni People from Dover, Ohio Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio Members of Congress who became lobbyists	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zack%20Space
Like many institutions that draw public interest, the Supreme Court of the United States has frequently been depicted in fiction, often in the form of legal drama. While early depictions of the Supreme Court in fiction tended to be reverential, over time depictions became more critical and melodramatic. In some instances, real decisions rendered by real courts are dramatized, as in Gideon's Trumpet and the seminal trial in The People vs. Larry Flynt. Other depictions are purely fictional, but center on realistic issues that come before the court. Despite the comparative dearth of material on the Supreme Court in popular culture as compared to other branches of government, such depictions are "the primary source of the public's knowledge about the legal system as a whole, including the Supreme Court". Reactions to different media Court-centered fiction has been distinctively more successful in some media than others. For example, author Anthony Franze explained in an essay in The Strand the allure of writing fictional novels set in the Supreme Court, noting that as a location it has "an air of mystery", as well as interesting characters, a unique language, history, and tradition, and that it provides "a backdrop of unparalleled stakes". On the other hand, television series centered on dramatizing the happenings of the court have proven to be short-lived, and have tended to receive overall negative critical reaction. One reason that has been suggested is that the Supreme Count is a court of appeals, whereas most legal drama portrays trial courts. Appeals may appear "bookish" in contrast to the theatrical storytelling of trials, especially juries. Furthermore, American audiences are not very knowledgeable about or interested in the Supreme Court. Literature Fictional accounts of the Supreme Court began with literary works. Of these it has been noted by Maxwell Bloomfield that "the earliest glimpses of the Court in American fiction occur as set pieces in satirical travelogues", with characters visiting the United States Capitol (which initially housed the Supreme Court), wherein "the furniture is described in greated detail than the Justices, who are pictured as emblems of republican virtue: aged, wise, and serene beings who are capable of listening to boring arguments for days without murmur". Bloomfield describes as representative of these works the 1822 George Watterston comic novel The L— Family at Washington; or, A Winter in the Metropolis, which provides descriptions of the courtroom and Justices Marshall and Washington, stating of the court, "its organization is as perfect as it can be, so far as it concerns its independence, the most important and excellent principle in the constitution of all judiciary establishments". An uncharacteristically negative depiction for its time was presented in the 1836 Nathaniel Beverley Tucker novel, The Partisan Leader, set in 1849 and depicting a corrupt Martin Van Buren using "the servile Judge [Philip] Baker of the Supreme Court" as a tool through which to exercise power. Early depictions of the court demonstrated a lack of knowledge of its procedures and internal administration. This was generally the tenor of mentions of the court in literature throughout the 19th century, a notable exception being the 1897 novel Waiting for the Signal by Henry O. Morris, in which the court is criticized as a tool for the wealthy to exercise power. In the novel, "through its subservience to corporate wealth the Court unwittingly starts a revolution" by deeming labor organizations illegal under the Sherman Antitrust Act, leading to the writing of a new constitution. In 1901, the court decided the Insular Cases, issuing convoluted and deeply divided opinions with the net effect that the Constitution did not follow the flag. American journalist and humorist Finley Peter Dunne, through his cartoon character, Mr. Dooley, took advantage of the opportunity to puncture the court's ivory-tower reputation, writing "no matther whether th' constitution follows th' flag or not, th' Supreme Court follows th' iliction returns. The 1907 novel The Radical, by Isaac Kahn Friedman depicted a justice as having been "inexorably conditioned by his socioeconomic background" to find laws prohibiting child labor unconstitutional. The 1910 Robert Herrick novel, A Life for a Life, "portrayed the Justices as ancient logic-machines, programmed to respond only to the legal formulae of a preindustrial age". In the 1937 musical, I'd Rather Be Right, with a book by Moss Hart and George S. Kaufman and lyrics by Lorenz Hart, President Franklin D. Roosevelt attempts to balance the budget to help Peggy Jones (Joy Hodges) and her boyfriend Phil (Austin Marshall), who needs a raise in order for them to get married. The Supreme Court justices intercede and declare each of Roosevelt's attempted solutions unconstitutional, ultimately declaring even the constitution itself unconstitutional, and deeming the court itself to be the only thing still constitutional. Several novels and plays produced in the 1960s and 1970s presented character studies of fictional Supreme Court justices, including the 1963 Andrew Tully novel, Supreme Court, the 1966 William Woolfolk novel, Opinion of the Court, the 1972 Jay Broad play, A Conflict of Interest, the 1973 Henry Denker novel, A Place for the Mighty, the 1979 Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee play, First Monday in October, and the 1979 Walter F. Murphy novel, The Vicar of Christ. Maxwell Bloomfield describes the "common format" of these works as follows: In The Vicar of Christ, the main character, Declan Walsh, follows a particularly improbable course. Beginning as a decorated war hero in the Korean War, he" becomes successively dean of a law school, chief justice of the Supreme Court, a Trappist, monk, and finally pope". In addition to the legal and operational dimensions, Bloomfield notes that these works tend to introduce some kind of romantic or sexual tension or scandal that humanizes the judges, and that the stories often involve judges at odds coming together to defend the institution of the court from external criticism. More recent literature involving the Supreme Court has tended to come in the genre of legal thrillers and murder mysteries, such as Murder in the Supreme Court (1982), by Margaret Truman, The Pelican Brief (1992), by John Grisham, and The Tenth Justice (1997), by Brad Meltzer. These works tend to begin with the murder of someone connected to the Court—typically a justice or an important Court employee. As the mystery is unraveled, this turns out to be part of a much larger conspiracy to influence the outcome of a decision with national implications. The Pelican Brief in particular popularized the concept that nefarious forces might plot to remove a justice from the court for the purpose of changing the outcome of a matter before it. Christopher Buckley, in his 2008 novel, Supreme Courtship, presents a less common genre, a romantic comedy in which "his protagonist, the folksy television judge Pepper Cartwright, not only joins the Supreme Court but also marries its unhappy Chief Justice, Declan Hardwether, giving the novel the traditional comedic ending of marriage". Film Among the earliest films with a focus on a justice of the Supreme Court is the 1942 film, The Talk of the Town, starring Cary Grant, Jean Arthur, and Ronald Colman. In the film, Colman plays distinguished law professor Michael Lightcap, who has just learned that he is to be nominated to the Supreme Court. Grant plays Leopold Dilg a radical fugitive who takes refuge at the home of Jean Arthur's character, Nora Shelley, which is being rented by Lightcap. The film sets up a comedic love triangle with Dilg and Lightcap competing for Shelley's affection, and culminates with Lightcap being appointed to the court. An examination of the film in the context of reviewing court-related fiction notes that in addition to the romantic contest between the male leads, there is a philosophical one between Lightcap as "a Supreme Court nominee who views the law as a rational construct distinct from what he dismisses as the 'small emotions' of ordinary life, and Leopold Dilg, a vibrant, iconoclastic activist who believes that Lightcap must be 'thawed' before he can be trusted to join the Court". This emotional reform is demonstrated when Shelley visits Lightcap in his chambers and he tells her that his dream of 20 years has been realized, and suggests that Shelley should marry Dilg. Both Dilg and Shelley attend court at the first seating of Lightcap as an associate justice. The 1981 film version of the play, First Monday in October, presented a story about the first woman on the Supreme Court. The film came out the year Sandra Day O'Connor became the first woman on the court. The film was based on a Broadway production which had opened in 1978, and starred Jane Alexander as the central Justice Ruth Loomis. In the film, "the conservative new appointee Ruth Loomis and the venerable liberal lion Dan Snow, spar over the law", but "appear to be sliding toward a romantic relationship in the manner of conventional Hollywood comedies". The film, however, "chooses instead to have Ruth and Dan discover that their jurisprudential disagreements are a vital source of judicial strength rather than a prelude to romance", with Snow convincing Loomis not to resign from the court over unethical conduct revealed to have been engaged in by her deceased husband. In 1980, the workings of the court were portrayed in the television film, Gideon's Trumpet, dramatizing the case of Gideon v. Wainwright, which secured the right to counsel for the indigent. A 1991 television film, Separate but Equal, "celebrated the Court's decisions ending segregation" in the 1954 case of Brown v. Board of Education, and the 1996 film, The People vs. Larry Flynt portrays the court in a positive light in its decision protecting the First Amendment rights of pornographer Larry Flynt in parodying Jerry Falwell. The court is thus presented as "defender of the Constitutional rights of even unpopular causes or despicable characters". The 2013 HBO television film, Muhammad Ali's Greatest Fight, provided a partly fictionalized depiction of the Supreme Court's deliberations in the case of Clay v. United States, in which the court threw out the criminal conviction of Muhammad Ali for refusing to report for induction into the United States military during the Vietnam War. The film was based on the 2000 book Muhammad Ali's Greatest Fight: Cassius Clay vs. the United States of America by Howard Bingham and Max Wallace. Hank Stuever of The Washington Post commented that the film, focused as it was on the behind-the-scenes legal discussion of the Supreme Court's justices and law clerks, and depicting one of Justice Harlan's law clerks (a character that was "a fictional composite of several clerks") as playing a central role in the court's decision to free Ali, was at times "too much like a substandard episode of The Paper Chase" and "more Wikipedia entry than story, as characters speak to one another in long paragraphs of legal exposition". The Post did have positive comments about the lead performances of Christopher Plummer as Justice John Marshall Harlan II, and Frank Langella as Chief Justice Warren E. Burger. Christopher Howse of The Daily Telegraph said the film "was worth watching in the comfort of the home, but if it had been shown in a cinema, it would hardly have been worth stirring from the fireside for". Mary McNamara of the Los Angeles Times also commented on the excellent performances of the cast, while concluding that "[t]he legal wrangling of eight old white men behind closed doors simply pales in comparison" to Ali's part of the story. Loving is a 2016 American biographical romantic drama film which tells the story of Richard and Mildred Loving, the plaintiffs in the 1967 U.S. Supreme Court (the Warren Court) decision Loving v. Virginia, which invalidated state laws prohibiting interracial marriage. The 2018 film, On the Basis of Sex, depicts the circuit court ruling in Moritz v. Commissioner, which the Supreme Court refused to take up. The final scene shows Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg climbing the steps of the Supreme Court building. Television Supreme Court-centered TV series Unlike novels and films presenting accounts of the Supreme Court, television series focusing on it as a subject have failed to gain an audience, and have consequently been short-lived. Two television series presenting fictionalized versions of the Supreme Court debuted in 2002, First Monday and The Court. First Monday starred Joe Mantegna and James Garner, with Mantegna portraying a fictional Joseph Novelli, a moderate and potential swing vote recently appointed to a Supreme Court evenly divided between conservatives and liberals. Garner was the conservative Chief Justice. The series lasted for thirteen episodes before its cancellation. The Court starred Sally Field as newly-appointed Justice Kate Nolan, depicted as struggling her way through the political aspects of her occupation. The Court was cancelled after three episodes, with several more produced but never aired. Both series, aired in the wake of the controversial 2000 Bush v. Gore decision, portrayed the court as divided between camps of differing political ideologies, and shaken up by a newly appointed justice at the center. A 2010 series, Outlaw, starred Jimmy Smits as the fictional Cyrus Garza, a Supreme Court justice who resigns from the bench to start his own law firm, as a way to more directly promote the ends of justice. Much like its predecessors, the show was placed on hiatus after three of its eight produced episodes were broadcast, and was never brought back. TV series with Supreme Court-related storylines More successful fictional depictions of the Supreme Court have occurred as individual episodes of more acclaimed TV series, with appearances and storylines tailored to the tenor of the series. In courtroom drama series, this is typically in the form of cases culminating in arguments before the court. In political drama series, plotlines have tended to focus more on the appointment of justices as a political exercise, and on machinations involving the personal lives and predilictions of justices or nominees. Boston Legal In Boston Legal, Alan Shore and Denny Crane argue two cases before the Supreme Court during the series. In "The Court Supreme", Shore argues for overturning the death penalty sentence of a mentally handicapped man convicted of raping a young girl, which was based heavily on the 2008 case Kennedy v. Louisiana. In the series finale "Last Call", Shore returns to the Court to argue for Crane being allowed access to an experimental drug for Alzheimer's disease. Designated Survivor In the political thriller drama Designated Survivor, the majority of the Supreme Court is killed when the United States Capitol is destroyed in a terror attack in the pilot episode. In the episode The Ninth Seat (S01E17), President Tom Kirkman (Kiefer Sutherland) faces struggles when appointing the ninth and final member of the new Supreme Court, and elects to temporarily keep the Court at an even 8-member capacity. In the episode Run (S02E22) Chief Justice Peter Koeman (Keith Dinicol) warns President Kirkman to not have his staff try and influence court decisions. House of Cards In House of Cards (Season 3), President Frank Underwood (Kevin Spacey) is approached by Associate Justice Robert Jacobs (Jonathan Hogan) who requests he be allowed to retire due to having started to develop alzheimers. However, Underwood expresses his desire for Jacobs to remain on the court until he has passed groundbreaking job creation legislation. Underwood later tries to discourage his political rival, Solicitor General Heather Dunbar (Elizabeth Marvel) from running against him by offering her Jacob's place on the court, but she announces her candidacy before he can formally nominate her. Another named member of the court is Associate Justice Moretti (Kris Andrews). The court is shown to be composed of three women and six men, two of whom are African-American. How To Get Away With Murder How to Get Away with Murder (Season 4) features a Supreme Court session in episode 13, in which the protagonist, Annalise Keating (Viola Davis), brings a class action suit against the Federal Government for not providing effective public legal counsel, thus violating the 6th Amendment. This episode is also part of the crossover event between the same-universe TV show Scandal, and also features Olivia Pope (Kerry Washington). The court is composed of Chief Justice Peter Montgomery (Jesse D. Goins), Associate Justice Mark Spivey (Tom Irwin), Associate Justice Helen Bass (Cathy Ladman), Associate Justice Alberto Gutierrez (Ruben Pla), Associate Justice Strickland (Denis Arndt) and two other unnamed justices. Madam Secretary Madam Secretary (Seasons 2, 3 and 4) features occasional appearances of Chief Justice Wilbourne (Morgan Freeman), a close friend of Secretary of State Elizabeth McCord (Tea Leoni). Freeman also serves as an executive producer for the show. The name is retconned, with Freeman being credited as "Chief Justice Frowley" in his first appearance. Picket Fences In the Picket Fences episode "May It Please the Court", broadcast on 18 November 1994, defense attorney Douglas Wambaugh (played by Fyvush Finkel) and District Attorney John Littleton (played by Don Cheadle) engaged in oral arguments before the Court (with actors playing the real justices); Supreme Court oral argument veteran Alan Dershowitz guest starred as himself, advising Wambaugh on strategy for addressing the Court. The case dealt with the admissibility of a murderer's confession. Political Animals Political Animals (2012 miniseries) features Associate Justice Diane Nash (Vanessa Redgrave), the first openly gay member of the court. She serves as a friend and mentor to Secretary of State Elaine Barrish (Sigourney Weaver). Salvation In season two of the suspense sci-fi drama series Savlation, there is a politically related Supreme Court subplot. After the brief incapacitation and later reinstatement of President Pauline Mackenzie (Tovah Feldshuh), Vice President Monroe Bennett (Sasha Roiz), who previously served as Acting President, argues his power was illegally revoked and submits a claim at the Supreme Court. The court is split 4-4 when a suicide bomber attacks the United States Supreme Court Building, incapacitating Chief Justice Martin Cheng (Hiro Kanagawa), the remaining swing vote. Cheng later recovers, and casts his vote 5-4 in favour of Mackenzie. Another named judge is Associate Justice Praeger (Corina Akeson). Scandal The series Scandal (Season 2) features Associate Justice Verna Thornton (Debra Mooney) as a primary antagonist for the first half of the second season. Aware that President Fitzgerald Thomas Grant III (Tony Goldwyn) ascended to the presidency through voter fraud in Defiance County, Ohio she attempted to have him assassinated. Suffering with terminal cancer, she was pressured by Vice President Sally Langston (Kate Burton) to give up her seat, which she refused. She is eventually suffocated in hospital by President Grant so she cannot reveal the truth about his election, with her death being made to look like the result of the cancer. Shooter The drama series Shooter (based on the 2007 film of the same name) contains a Supreme Court related subplot in Season 3. A secretive government cabal named Atlas pushes for Judge Ray Brooks (Michael O'Neill) to be appointed the next Chief Justice, as they can manipulate him to be their swing vote with evidence of war crimes he committed whilst serving in the Vietnam War. When the conspiracy is discovered, several members of the court are targeted, including Associate Justice Gibson (Rhea Perlman) and Associate Justice Romero Dominguez (Castulo Guerra). The Outer Limits In the 1995 Syfy science fiction revival series The Outer Limits, the episode Final Appeal (S06E021) focuses on the Supreme Court in the year 2076. They are hearing the final appeal of the conviction of Dr. Theresa Evans (Amanda Plummer), a time traveller for whom the death penalty is sought for bringing advanced technology into the world after such technology has been banished. In this future setting, there are only 5 justices: Chief Justice Haden Wainwright (Charlton Heston), Associate Justice Earl Clayton (Robert Loggia), Associate Justice Gretchen Parkhurst (Cicely Tyson), Associate Justice Kendall Woods (Swoosie Kurtz) and Associate Justice Oliver Harbinson (Hal Holbrook). The court ultimately votes 3-2 to acquit Evans. The West Wing The West Wing involved frequent discussions or depictions of fictional past and present Supreme Court justices. Two episodes ("The Short List" in 1999, and "Celestial Navigation" in 2000) center on the nomination of "Roberto Mendoza," played by Edward James Olmos, as the first Hispanic Justice. At the opening of the episode "Celestial Navigation", Mendoza has been arrested for drunk driving and resisting arrest. Sam Seaborn stresses that Mendoza doesn't drink alcohol, telling C. J. Cregg that Mendoza was arrested for "driving while being Hispanic". The sergeant on duty tells Sam that Mendoza's driving was faulty, and that he wasn't sure that Mendoza hadn't been drinking alcohol. Sam responds by informing the officers that Mendoza has a chronic illness that would render any significant drinking fatal. Mendoza expresses frustration at how he'd been treated by the police, having been searched and handcuffed in front of his wife and nine-year old son. Mendoza vowed to use the criminal justice system to acquit himself, instead of letting the White House get him out, but is persuaded that he could make a much bigger difference on the Supreme Court, and that he would be unable to be confirmed by the U.S. Senate if the story circulates. Mendoza agrees to be released and the officers' apologize to Mendoza and to his son, with the incident remaining off the record. Writing for the Daily Bruin, Alex Driscoll praised the focus on Mendoza's being racially profiled. Driscoll writes that while Mendoza was released quietly and quickly, many cases of a victim being racially profiled do not have the same outcome. She praises Sorkin for providing attention to the point that race can matter more than guilt or innocence in determining how a suspect is treated by police, and notes that most suspects in this case will not have powerful members of the U.S. government to bail them out, that forms of protest similar to Mendoza's refusing of a breathalyzer test have spread across the United States. A third episode, "The Supremes" in 2004, dealt with the issue of preserving ideological balance on the Court. The President makes a deal with the Republican Congress to simultaneously appoint a very liberal judge "Evelyn Baker Lang" (played by Glenn Close) as the Court's first female Chief Justice, and a very conservative judge, "Christopher Mulready" (played by William Fichtner) as an Associate Justice. The 2000 episode "Take This Sabbath Day" also opened with a scene depicting the Court's main chamber. Veep The comedy series Veep (Season 6) sees former President Stuart Hughes nominated to a vacant position on the Supreme Court by President Laura Montez (Andrea Savage) after the death of Associate Justice Tenny. Hughes becomes the second person after William Howard Taft to serve as both President and as a Supreme Court justice. References Further reading Laura Krugman Ray, "Judicial Fictions: Images of Supreme Court Justices in the Novel, Drama, and Film", 39 Arizona Law Review 151 (1997) Fiction Fiction about law	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme%20Court%20of%20the%20United%20States%20in%20fiction
In geometry, the Fermat cubic, named after Pierre de Fermat, is a surface defined by Methods of algebraic geometry provide the following parameterization of Fermat's cubic: In projective space the Fermat cubic is given by The 27 lines lying on the Fermat cubic are easy to describe explicitly: they are the 9 lines of the form (w : aw : y : by) where a and b are fixed numbers with cube −1, and their 18 conjugates under permutations of coordinates. Real points of Fermat cubic surface. References Algebraic surfaces	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%20cubic
There Are Doors is a speculative fiction novel by American writer Gene Wolfe, published in 1988. The narrative follows a department store salesman as he tries to track down his short-lived girlfriend. The title alludes to gateways between two worlds whose nature are explored throughout the book. There Are Doors was nominated for a Locus Fantasy Award in 1988. Plot summary Mr. Green awakes to find that his girlfriend, Lara Morgan, has left their apartment. He battles a hangover to find a cryptic note left by her, dispensing little but a warning against entering certain "significant" doors and nonsensical instructions for leaving them if passed through. Green immediately leaves to search for the woman, whom he has known for only a few days but has already grown to love. His quest takes him through one such door to an alternate world, made apparent to Green by conspicuous elements such as its unusual currency. An accident lands Green in a psychiatric hospital, where he meets a radical from his world using the name William North (a patient), a boxer named Joe Joseph and his manager Eddie Walsh (also a patient). North organizes an escape from the Hospital, accompanied by Green and exploited by Walsh, who makes his own escape. The two take refuge at the Grand Hotel in the outskirts of the city, while Green begins to realize what a dangerous man he has been indebted to. North brings him to a play accompanied by members of his revolutionary group which is raided by police. Green and North narrowly escape capture and death, though they lose each other. Green returns to his hotel paranoid of capture by the police. He finds that the doctor he consults for minor burns suffered during the raid and subsequent fire at the theater, the waitress at the hotel restaurant, and even the stylist at the hair salon beneath it all seem to work for the police organization that is tracking him. He leaves the hotel hoping to learn more, but is locked out upon his return and must accept a car ride from the waitress, Fanny. They go to an Italian restaurant which Green recognizes as being from his world. He and Fanny discuss the little they know about North's gang, the two worlds, and Lara. The alternate world is nearly identical to his, the one of contemporary America, save for a few societal and physical disparities. The people from "There" (as Green comes to think of it) are physically identical to those from Here, but for that the men naturally die from sex. Technology seems to be generally inferior There, although some anomalies such as seemingly magical and remarkably articulate robotic dolls exist, perhaps invented to suit matriarchal needs. Roads and buildings seem to be in similar places, though occupied by different establishments and patrons. Time passes much more quickly Here, although they both seem to be in the same general era. There is no indication when passing between the worlds, though the doors between them seem to be accessible only to certain people and those who they know. Objects can accompany people between the worlds, though they may eventually filter themselves back to the world of their origin. When they leave the restaurant, Green returns to his own world through its door, but Fanny inadvertently follows Lara's aforementioned instructions and remains in her own. Green finds that, though he had only been in the alternate world for perhaps four days, he has been missing from his own for over a month. He is told that he must receive a medical checkup before he can return to work, and in doing so it is revealed that he has now made eight visits to a psychiatrist for a "breakdown". He is hospitalized, but released after admitting that the alternate world was most likely a dream. Over the next few years he returns to his previous life as a salesman, forgetting about Lara and There. He is briefly returned to the other world while shopping and is reminded of its existence. Shortly after returning to his world he is contacted by Lara. They meet at the Italian restaurant and, after some coaxing, she reveals more to him about herself and the other world. Throughout the story Green had been exposed to hints that his girlfriend exists in both worlds. She had appeared as a doll he found in the other world, on his television at the first hospital, stepdaughter of Klamm (presidential cabinet member searching for North), as a famous actress and model There, and was also referred to There as 'the goddess'. Now she had taken the alias of receptionist Lora Masterman at his psychiatrist's office. She admits to being an immortal being from the other world, occasionally joining his world to enjoy relationships with men she could sleep with without killing, such as Green, Klamm, and a 19th-century sea captain. Lara flees Green through the restaurant's door and they reenter the alternate world. They reunite at a boxing match where Joe is attempting to take the heavyweight title and North is using as a political publicity stunt. North interrupts the fight with gunshots, perhaps attempting to kill Green, but is subdued by Joe after a brief brawl. Green is taken to a hospital for injuries sustained and reunites with Fanny. She is instructed to keep watch of him, but he escapes her vise. The novel ends with Green exiting the city in a cab, still in the alternate world, eager to start a new life devoid of the burdens of his old. Characterization Wolfe has stated that he designed the protagonist, Green, to be a mediocre person: "He has almost no virtues. By that I don't mean that he has many vices, but he is... not outstanding in any good way. He is a man of very limited intelligence, not terribly courageous, not terribly energetic or enterprising or any of those other things." The character William North was named after Oliver North but is loosely based on G. Gordon Liddy The character Lara is Wolfe's conception of what a pagan goddess would be if she had persisted into a Christian world. References Publication Information 1988 American novels 1988 science fiction novels 1988 speculative fiction novels Novels by Gene Wolfe Tor Books books	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There%20Are%20Doors
Boot Polish is a 1954 Hindi comedy drama directed by Prakash Arora and produced by Raj Kapoor. It won Best Film at the Filmfare Awards. The film stars Ratan Kumar and Naaz in the lead roles. Plot Bhola (Ratan Kumar) and Belu (Naaz) are left in the care of their wicked aunt Kamla (Chand Burke), a prostitute, after their mother dies. She forces them to beg on the streets and takes the whole collection at night, often by beating them brutally. A bootlegger and neighbour of Kamla, named John (David) teach them self-respect and to work for a living instead of begging. Both kids start saving from their begging money by giving lesser paise to Kamla, so they can buy a shoe-polish kit and begin shining shoes. The duo manage to buy a shoe-polish kit and starts the business. But when Kamla discovers this, she beats them and kicks them out of the house. Meanwhile, John discovers that Belu wants a new frock and Bhola needs a new shirt as their current rags are torn and worn out. Overwhelmed by the emotions to help Belu and Bhola, John Chacha decided to sell unauthorized liquor and gets arrested by the police. The children, on the other hand, are left to fend for themselves. When it rains, and people stop having their shoes polished, the children are in danger of starving. Bhola wishes never to beg again and rejects a coin tossed to him on a rainy night. When Belu takes it out of hunger, Bhola slaps her, and she drops it. When the police come, intent on taking the children, Belu escapes onto a train, but Bhola is arrested. On board the train, Belu is adopted by a wealthy family, and she is sad for her brother. Bhola searches for Belu after getting out of custody but cannot find her. After running away from an orphanage, he is unable to find work and extremely hungry and resorts to begging. He encounters Belu while begging at the railway station where Belu and her adopted family are boarding a train for vacation. Humiliated, Bhola runs away, but his sister pursues him. John Chacha has also come to the station to say goodbye and joins the chase, but he falls and is injured. Bhola stops running, and Belu and Bhola are reunited. The wealthy family adopts Bhola also, and they live happily ever after. Cast Ratan Kumar as Bhola Naaz as Belu David as John Chand Burke as Kamla Bhudo Advani as Pedro Raj Kapoor as himself Production In a piece for the Indian Express on 2 April 1954 issue titled 'Why I Produced Boot Polish', Raj Kapoor wrote, "In Awaara I tried to prove that Vagabonds are not born, but are created in the slums of our modern cities, in the midst of dire poverty and evil environment. Boot Polish graphically shows the problem of destitute children, their struggle for existence and their fight against organised beggary. The purpose of this film is to bring home to you that these orphans are as much your responsibility as that of the Government. Individual charity will not solve this problem because the only solution is co-operative effort on a National scale." Awards 1955 Cannes Film Festival Special Mention to a child actress - Naaz Filmfare Awards Best Cinematographer - Tara Dutt Best Film - Raj Kapoor Best Supporting Actor - David Soundtrack Lyrics were written by Hasrat Jaipuri, Shailendra and Deepak. Music for the songs were composed by Shankar–Jaikishan. References External links Boot Polish (1954) on YouTube Review Essay in Visual Anthropology: Virtue Ethics of Boot Polish and Dosti, as Compared with Slumdog Millionaire 1954 films 1950s Hindi-language films Films scored by Shankar–Jaikishan R. K. Films films Filmfare Awards winners Articles containing video clips Films about poverty in India 1954 comedy-drama films Indian comedy-drama films Indian black-and-white films	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot%20Polish%20%28film%29
Osmium is the debut album of American funk band Parliament, led by George Clinton. The album has a psychedelic soul sound with a spirit of experimentation that is more similar to early Funkadelic than the later R&B-inspired Parliament albums. It was originally released in July 1970 on Invictus Records. The original vinyl release contained a glossy lyric sheet. Since its re-release in 1990, Osmium has been distributed numerous times by various labels in the U.S., Europe and Japan, sometimes under alternate titles that have included Rhenium and First Thangs. A number of these reissues have featured material that was not included on the original album, such as unreleased tracks and singles that were recorded around the same time as Osmium. The personnel for this album included the five Parliaments singers and the five backing musicians known as Funkadelic. The same personnel also recorded as Funkadelic, releasing that act's self-titled debut album also in 1970. After the release of Osmium, contractual difficulties prevented further recording under the name Parliament until 1974, when Clinton signed that act to Casablanca Records and positioned it as an R&B-inspired counterpoint to the more rock-oriented Funkadelic. The yodeling that arguably uniquely identifies one of De La Soul's early hits, "Potholes in My Lawn" (which eventually appeared on De La Soul's 3 Feet High and Rising), comes from Osmium'''s "Little Ole Country Boy". This is the only Parliament album to be produced by Ruth Copeland, and the only album to feature rhythm guitarist Tawl Ross, before his 1971 departure from the group. Track listing Invictus – ST-7302 Track listing for First Thangs "Red Hot Mama" "Come In Out of the Rain" "Fantasy Is Reality" "Breakdown" "Loose Booty" "Unfinished Instrumental" "I Call My Baby Pussycat" "Put Love in Your Life" "Little Old Country Boy" "Moonshine Heather (Takin' Care of Business)" "Oh Lord, Why Lord/Prayer" "My Automobile" "There Is Nothing Before Me But Thang" "Funky Woman" "Livin' the Life" "The Silent Boatmen" Track listing for Rhenium "Breakdown" "I Call My Baby Pussycat" "Put Love in Your Life" "Little Ole Country Boy" "Moonshine Heather" "Oh Lord, Why Lord/Prayer" "Red Hot Mama" "My Automobile" "Nothing Before Me But Thang" "Funky Woman" "Livin' the Life" "Come in Out of the Rain" "The Silent Boatman" Personnel George Clinton - lead vocals in "Loose Booty", "Moonshine Heather", "Red Hot Mama", "My Automobile", "Funky Woman" Fuzzy Haskins - lead vocals in "Fantasy Is Reality", "I Call My Baby Pussycat", "Little Old Country Boy", "My Automobile" Calvin Simon - lead vocals in "I Call My Baby Pussycat", "Oh Lord Why Lord", "Livin' the Life" Ray Davis - lead vocals in "I Call My Baby Pussycat", "Put Love in Your Life" Grady Thomas - lead vocals in "I Call My Baby Pussycat" Clyde Darnell Wilson - lead vocals in "Come in Out of the Rain", "Breakdown" Ruth Copeland - vocals Eddie Hazel - guitar Tawl Ross - guitar Billy Bass Nelson - bass guitar Bernie Worrell - Hammond organ, piano Tiki Fulwood - drums Paul Franklin - Pedal Steel on "Little Ole Country Boy" Note: Personnel as listed in the album credits. Note that some songs also featured session personnel. Garry Shider (guitar), Bernie Worrell (keyboards), and Tyrone Lampkin (drums) also appeared on some non-album tracks that were included in later CD reissues of the album. Red Hot Mama, Loose Booty, I Call My Baby Pussycat, and Fantasy Is Reality would all be remade on later Pariament-Funkadelic albums. References External links The Motherpage Osmium at Discogs Rhenium'' at Discogs 1970 debut albums Parliament (band) albums Invictus Records albums	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium%20%28album%29
Note: The Little River of northeastern Indiana is also sometimes known as the Little Wabash River. The Little Wabash River is a tributary of the Wabash River in east-central and southeastern Illinois in the United States. Via the Wabash and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. It is the third largest tributary after the White River and the Embarras River. Course The Little Wabash rises in Coles County near Mattoon and flows generally southwardly through Shelby, Effingham, Clay, Richland, Wayne, Edwards and White counties, past the towns of Louisville, Golden Gate, Carmi and New Haven. It enters the Wabash River on the common boundary of White and Gallatin counties, about southeast of New Haven. In its upper course in Shelby County, the river is dammed to form Lake Mattoon and collects the short West Branch Little Wabash River, which flows for its entire length in Shelby County. Other tributaries include the Fox River, which joins it in Edwards County; the Elm River, which joins it in Wayne County; and the Skillet Fork, which joins it in White County. See also List of Illinois rivers Watersheds of Illinois References Columbia Gazetteer of North America entry DeLorme (2003). Illinois Atlas & Gazetteer. Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme. . Surfing the Little Wabash with USEPA Rivers of Illinois Tributaries of the Wabash River Rivers of Coles County, Illinois Rivers of Shelby County, Illinois Rivers of Effingham County, Illinois Rivers of Clay County, Illinois Rivers of Richland County, Illinois Rivers of Wayne County, Illinois Rivers of Edwards County, Illinois Rivers of White County, Illinois	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Wabash%20River
Fools Garden (until 2003 known as Fool's Garden) is a German band formed in 1991 in the city of Pforzheim. The founders of the group and the only permanent members are vocalist Peter Freudenthaler and guitarist Volker Hinkel. In 1993, bassist Thomas Mangold, keyboardist Roland Röhl and drummer Ralf Wochele were invited to join Fool's Garden for recording of the first studio album Once in a Blue Moon. The band became famous worldwide in 1995 owing to the release of their third studio album Dish of the Day and, in particular, the song "Lemon Tree", which entered numerous music charts around the world and topped five of them. However, Fool's Garden was never able to repeat the success of their only hit. A series of failures to replicate the commercial success of Dish of the Day in 1997, 2000 and 2003 resulted in tension and disagreement amongst the band's members, and dramatically discredited its reputation in the eyes of record label executives. Consequently, Mangold, Röhl, and Wochele left Fool's Garden in 2003, but a year later new musicians joined the band. To signify the change, it was decided to remove the apostrophe from the band's name on their next album, Ready for the Real Life. Due to the problems caused by the lack of a label ready to work with Fools Garden, the members of the band founded their own company Lemonade Music in 2004. Fools Garden's musical style has been characterized as pop rock, soft rock, Britpop and some other genres. Critics have noted the influence of such artists as The Beatles, Sting, and The Who. The group may be classified as a one-hit wonder. Since its formation in 1991, the band has released 9 studio albums, received 12 music awards, and played over a thousand live performances. The bands's total sales have exceeded 6 million copies. Up to the present, Fools Garden continues concert activity and gives performances all over the world. The band performs both in complete line-up and as a duo (Hinkel/Freudenthaler) or a trio (Hinkel/Freudenthaler/Holz). Background In 1987, Volker Hinkel and Claus-Dieter Wissler founded the music project called Magazine. Together they recorded two songs: "W. A. R." (this song was dedicated to the Gulf War) and "A Time of Life". Later in 1991, Hinkel entered the University of Stuttgart, where he became acquainted with Peter Freudenthaler, who studied multimedia technology. Prior to starting his studies at the university, Peter Freudenthaler had already participated in several musical groups and worked as a piano tuner. Having learned that Freudenthaler also composed music, Hinkel asked him for recordings of his songs ("Sandy" and "Tell Me Who I Am"), and later invited him to Magazine. Hinkel reworked Freudenthaler's arrangement of "Lena", which was the first work of the Hinkel/Freudenthaler duo. Despite being Germans, the musicians made the decision to write songs in English, as they felt that English was more suitable to their music and the performers who inspired them sang in English as well. Together they rearranged their compositions and recorded them on a compact cassette. Via Steffen Koch (who became the band's producer for the next few years), this cassette got to Gunter Koch. He listened to Magazine's songs, appreciated them and agreed to collaborate with the band on following recordings. Being inspired by the performance of Oasis, Blur and The Beatles, the musicians chose to play Britpop, despite the fact that it was extremely difficult to achieve any commercial success playing such music, since dance music and techno were especially popular in Germany in those years. After a while, Hinkel and Freudenthaler discovered a newspaper advertisement, in which it was proposed to record an album for 130 DM. This is how Magazine was recorded. In addition to the songs recorded on the promo cassette, the album included two songs written by Hinkel with Claus Wissler, as well as a cover version of the song "I Am the Walrus" by The Beatles. This limited edition album was the precursor for the promo album Fool's Garden - Man in a Cage (simply abbreviated as Fool's Garden) released in 1991. They also decided to include a cover version of the song "Cry Baby Cry", which was sung by Volker Hinkel, as well as the songs "Scared" and "No Flowers By Request", which Hinkel recorded with Claus Wissler. In order to perform the recorded material live, it was decided to invite bassist Thomas Mangold, keyboardist Roland Röhl and drummer Ralf Wochele, and rename the band to Fool's Garden. According to Peter Freudenthaler, the name "Fool's Garden" was the most consistent with the band's philosophy and suited the description of its members. The newly formed band played their first gig in 1991 — Fool's Garden performed as the opening act for Sidney Youngblood in Böblingen. History Early career and first successes (1991–1994) The eponymous promo-album, which was dedicated to John Winston Lennon, got no recognition. There were only five copies ever produced. The band's first singles "Careless Games / Tell Me Who I Am" and "Once in a Blue Moon / Spirit '91" were released in 1992. Due to the lack of the opportunity to rehearse and record songs in a professional studio, the members of the young band were forced to meet several times a week in the living room of Volker Hinkel's parental home. In the same year, Fool's Garden first appeared on radio, television (TV channels SWR 3 in Stuttgart and Tele 5 in Munich) and began performing their first concerts in Pforzheim, which made them famous in their region. In 1993, the band decided to re-record the songs from the promo CD and release the first full-length studio album Once in a Blue Moon. It was originally released by the group independently on the Town Music label with a circulation of one thousand copies. The CDs were sold mainly at concerts, sent to local radio and TV stations, and were also given away for free. To promote the new material, Fool's Garden immediately embarked on an extended concert tour throughout Baden-Württemberg and adjoining Bavaria. As Peter Freudenthaler recalled, at that time the band mainly performed in small municipal halls in front of a small audience. According to him, only 20 people came to the first Fool's Garden concert in Munich. It is also worth noting that on Fool's Garden and Once in a Blue Moon, the lead vocals were equally divided between Peter Freudenthaler and Volker Hinkel. The album Once in a Blue Moon turned out to be a commercial failure, resulting in Town Music label suffering heavy losses and even ending up on the verge of bankruptcy. The company's management was going to cancel the contract with the band, but after a series of negotiations, Steffen Koch managed to convince the head of Town Music to retain the partnership with Fool's Garden until the next studio album was released. Moreover, despite all the efforts of the band and its producer, large companies did not dare to work with Fool's Garden. Fool's Garden achieved their first major success in 1994. The German branch of fashion retailer C&A used "Wild Days", the first single from the band's upcoming studio album for a TV commercial. The song "Wild Days" won a competition from over 700 applicants. Also, the single "Wild Days" became the first release of the group to enter the music charts: the song reached #59 in the German chart (where it lasted 13 weeks) and #37 in Austria. In the same year, Fool's Garden made their first guest appearances in the German interregional newspaper Sonntag aktuell. Wolle Kriwanek, the author of the article, predicted a major success for Fool's Garden after listening to their songs, which just happened a year later. Worldwide commercial success: "Lemon Tree" and Dish of the Day (1995–1996) In April 1995, a single with the song "Lemon Tree" was released. It became a real hit and got high positions in many European charts. The atmosphere reminiscent to the one of The Beatles' songs, retro sounding in the style of the 1960s, perfect English pronunciation and melancholic lyrics let the song to gain recognition from millions of listeners around the world. Freudenthaler composed it when he was waiting for his girlfriend at home. There were 45 cover versions of the song recorded, and it has also been translated into 40 languages. Due to the lack of support from the major record label, Fool's Garden were forced to record, release and promote new releases on the small Town Records label almost independently. Having noticed the success of Fool's Garden, Intercord, which had previously refused to cooperate with the band, signed a contract with them in November 1995. Intercord CEO Robert Collisch believed that the biggest benefit to Fool's Garden was that they were a real band, not just a project. The album Dish of the Day was released in December 1995, containing the songs "Lemon Tree" and "Wild Days". According to Intercord's report, Dish of the Day became a bestseller in Europe with over 600,000 copies sold and over 1,100,000 copies worldwide. The album entered many charts throughout Europe. Both "Lemon Tree" and Dish of the Day sold best in Austria and Switzerland. Fool's Garden's songs were played on radio stations around the world, from San Diego to Jakarta. The song also enjoyed success in the UK, where it peaked at #61 on the UK Singles Chart, and the remix version also entered the chart, peaking at a higher #26. According to Intercord, the band had great potential to play internationally. Due to Intercord, "Lemon Tree" and Dish of the Day achieved particular success in Southeast Asia: the song received the "Song of the Year" award from Metro Broadcast Corporation Ltd. in Hong Kong, and Taiwanese singer Tarcy Su has recorded covers in Mandarin and Cantonese Chinese. The album received gold certification in Thailand, platinum certification in Singapore, Taiwan and double platinum one in Malaysia. Between March and May 1996, Fool's Garden had played about 50 concerts with an approximate audience of 700 people at each concert. In the summer of the same year, the quintet participated in 14 open-air concerts, performing as an opening act for the German pop rock band Pur, however already in the autumn Fool's Garden began touring as headliners. Between the 14th and 16 June 1996, Fool's Garden performed as headliners at the Open Flair music festival with such famous German performers as Marla Glen, Selig and Jazzkantine, and on 5 July, the band performed with Joan Osborne, Suede, Blur and Iggy Pop at the Midtfyns Festival in Ringe, Denmark. In the same year, Intercord reissued the album Once in a Blue Moon, however, despite the excitement around the band after the success of "Lemon Tree", the album neither entered the charts nor received any certification. Also in 1996, Fool's Garden's music first appeared in German cinema: the song "Wild Days" was included on the soundtracks for the film "Regular Guys" and the TV series "Freunde fürs Leben". Worldwide tour and release of Go and Ask Peggy for the Principal Thing (1997–1999) The success of 1995-1996 brought the band a number of awards, including ECHO, Goldene Stimmgabel, Goldene Europa, Bambi and R.SH Gold. Following the commercial success of "Lemon Tree" and Dish of the Day, the band embarked on a worldwide concert tour, playing over 100 shows around the world. The number of listeners at the concerts reached up to 80,000. Fool's Garden have played in Europe outside Germany, North America, South Africa, and Asia, where it has achieved the greatest success. Touring in Italy and Spain was also successful. According to Thomas Mangold and Roland Röhl, at that time the members of the band had an income of about 1,500 Deutsche Mark per month. This allowed them to quit their regular jobs and take up professional musical careers. After returning from the world tour, the musicians began working on a new album. Owing to the fact that Fool's Garden members became professional musicians and stopped spending time on regular work, new material was prepared very quickly: the songs were composed just in two months, and the process of recording took only six months - it began in January 1997 and lasted until July. Recording and mixing took place at Maryland and Hinkelstone Studio. The third album, Go and Ask Peggy for the Principal Thing, was released on 8 September 1997. Three months before the official release in order to promote the disc, a single with the song "Why Did She Go?" was released, which managed to stay on the German singles chart for 9 weeks, reaching #76. The song has also been suggested to be used for an automobile advertisement. Another notable song is "Probably", which was recognized as the group's second major success after "Lemon Tree". The single with the song peaked at #86 in the German chart, staying there for 8 weeks. Also "Probably" received serious support from radio stations and in 1997 almost entered the top 50 most played songs in Europe. In the same year, "Probably" was featured on the soundtrack for the TV series Kommisar Rex. Despite Intercord's hopes that the new album will sell out in large numbers on the wave of the popularity of the previous platinum album Dish of the Day, Go and Ask Peggy for the Principal Thing did not repeat the success of its predecessor. It took only #44 in Germany and #50 in Switzerland. According to the Russian musical agency Zvuki.Ru, the reason for such failure was "absence of a title hit." In 1998, Fool's Garden performed at the German Cultural Days in Singapore. Commercial failures and line-up changes (2000-2003) Three years later, on 5 June 2000, Fool's Garden released their next studio album For Sale, which was produced by James Herter, on the Seven Days Music label. The name "For Sale" reflected the situation in the band at that time — after the breakup of the Intercord/EMI label, the band was literally put up for sale. The first single "Suzy" stayed on the German singles chart for 8 weeks, reaching #75. After the release of the album, the band arranged a promotional tour in Germany and also organized an autograph session in Munich. On 18 June, Fool's Garden performed in Singapore at the Radio Music Awards. Also on 24 July, the band performed in Ulm at a concert organized annually by the local radio station Radio 7. For Sale was released all over the world: in Europe, South Africa, Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Japan and the Philippines. Despite the vast geographic variety of the release and the band's efforts to promote the new material, the album turned out to be a commercial failure, it also did not achieve chart success: For Sale took #84 on the German albums chart, staying with this result for only 1 week. An attempt to release something similar to the biggest hit of the group "Lemon Tree" also failed — for 3 weeks in the German singles chart the song "It Can Happen" could not rise above #86. In 2001, Fool's Garden signed a contract with another record label Polydor. In September of the same year, the band celebrated their 10th anniversary with a two-day party in Pforzheim, which featured many well-known German bands. The proceeds from this event were donated to charity through the Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy Foundation. Also in 2001, the band began work on their next studio album. The new CD 25 Miles to Kissimmee was ready to be released in early 2002, but due to delays on the part of Polydor Records, the album was not released until 17 January 2003. Due to another unsuccessful album, tension and disagreements occurred between the musicians. As a result, on 19 April of the same year, rumors appeared in the press that Fool's Garden had disbanded. Bassist Thomas Mangold, keyboardist Roland Röhl and drummer Ralf Wochele left the band. After leaving Fool's Garden, Thomas Mangold and Roland Röhl started an advertising agency and a print shop for production of CD and DVD covers in Merklingen. Mangold continued his musical career playing bass with many different bands. Ralf Wochele got a job as a music teacher at a school, and was also accepted into the band called CoverUp, in which he still participates. Hinkel and Freudenthaler decided to pursue their musical careers as a duo. However, they faced a number of problems in the further promotion of the album 25 Miles to Kissimmee, as due to the breakup of the band Polydor refused to cooperate further with Fool's Garden. Therefore, the remaining members of the band formed their own label Lemonade Music. Soon, guitarist Gabriel Holz, bassist Dirk Blümlein and drummer Claus Müller were invited to the group for live performances. The last two musicians have collaborated with Volker Hinkel since 2002 on his solo project Hinkel, in particular on the album Not a Life-Saving Device. Changes in the line-up were also marked in the name of the band: from that time on, it became known as Fools Garden (without an apostrophe). New line-up and musical style (2004–2013) Volker Hinkel, Peter Freudenthaler and new musicians recorded the album Ready for the Real Life, which was released in the autumn of 2005. As soon as the work on the album was completed, Blümlein, Holz and Müller were invited to Fools Garden as permanent members. For the purpose of promoting the album, the single "Does Anybody Know? / Welcome Sun" was released in the summer of 2005. Critics noted a change in band's musical style: Fools Garden moved away from Britpop and switched to guitar-based melodic rock. The new musical style allowed the band to enter the airplay of radio stations again and the songs from Ready for the Real Life to become the soundtracks for various films, TV shows and commercials. On 3 July 2005, the band played their biggest concert, performing at the festival dedicated to the 750th anniversary of Kaliningrad. In total, the concert attracted over 100,000 listeners. Also in 2005, Fools Garden was honored with the Ravensburger Kupferle Award. In 2007 Gabriel Holtz left the band and returned to his native Neukölln. In 2008–2009, Fools Garden released two new EPs, Napster Session 2008 and Home, as well as a compilation album High Times - The Best of Fools Garden and a live album Best Of Unplugged - Live. The compilation also contained a new song "High Time", which was released as a single. The song reached high positions in the charts of listeners of various radio stations, for example, Hessischer Rundfunk. In 2011, the band celebrated their 20th anniversary by performing at a charity concert with the Pforzheim Chamber Orchestra. In the same year, Fools Garden began writing material for a new release, which was recorded in the first half of 2012 in England. In July of the same year, the new single "Innocence" was presented to a number of radio stations, and in August it reached number one on the SW3 listeners' chart. A video clip was also filmed for the song, which the band members created on their own. The seventh album Who Is Jo King? was released on 14 September. The cover artwork was created by Klaus Voormann, known for designing the cover for The Beatles Revolver in 1966. This explains the noticeable similarity between the two covers. In early 2013, the second single from Who Is Jo King? "Maybe" was released. In the same year, Fools Garden performed at the German Festival at the Brandenburg Gate. Second line-up change (2014–present) The band's line-up changed again in 2014–2015. First of all, Gabriel Holz returned to Fools Garden in the autumn of 2014. In early 2015, keyboardist Torsten Kiefer joined the band, whereas in the early summer of the same year, drummer Claus Müller left the group and was replaced by Jan Hees. In 2015, Fools Garden performed cover versions of ten 1990s hit songs by various artists such as Depeche Mode, Annie Lennox, the Backstreet Boys, Bruce Springsteen, No Doubt and Madonna in their usual unique style for the third season of the RTL 90s-themed music show "Formula 1". For ten consecutive weeks, Fools Garden performed each song under the moderation of Peter Illmann. It was decided to release these cover versions on an album called Flashback. At the end of 2016, Fools Garden together with the German jazz singer Karl Frierson recorded a new song "New World", which was released in early 2017. In the same year, the 10-episode documentary "25 Years to New World" was released on the band's official YouTube channel. In April 2018, Fools Garden released their next album Rise and Fall, which was recorded at the band's own studio in Neuhausen. It was the first time when Gabriel Holz participated in composition of all the songs, along with Peter Freudenthaler and Volker Hinkel. It's the band's first album since 2000's For Sale to enter the German charts, reaching #97 between 7 and 13 May 2018. Maxazine named the album "the best since Dish of the Day and successor Go and Ask Peggy for the Principal Thing", and Musikreviews.de called Rise and Fall "the best album since 1995." To promote the new material, Fools Garden embarked on an extensive concert tour across Germany. Peter Freudenthaler and Volker Hinkel also expressed their desire to do a concert tour in the UK someday. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Fools Garden organized the online festival on Instagram called "Garden Festival". It was hold on 1 May 2020, and was also associated with a fundraising campaign organized by the Rotary Club Pforzheim. In the summer of the same year, Peter Freudenthaler, Volker Hinkel and Jan Hees took part in the recording of songs "ABCD" and "La-rissa" of the Italian music project La Crisi Di Luglio. At the moment the band is working on a new album. The first song "Outta Love" recorded in electro-pop genre was released on 25 September. On 24 November 2022 it was announced that BMG Rights Management had acquired the recordings catalog of Fools Garden. Musical style, influence and legacy General characteristics and development Critics classify Fools Garden's musical style as fusion of pop rock, soft rock, alternative rock, rock and roll, bubblegum pop, indie pop, Britpop, and post rock. Various sources also highlighted the elements of psychedelic rock, music hall, baroque pop, punk rock, power pop, indie rock, electronic rock, dream pop, dance music, synth-pop and new wave in the band's sound. Russian newspaper Kommersant wrote that listeners usually learn about Fools Garden due to plays on retro-oriented radio stations (the vast majority includes the song "Lemon Tree"), but over the period of its existence the band has released many good albums. It was also mentioned that the band's style has similarities with both dance music and rock. In another article of the same newspaper, it was noted that the group has an attitude towards "old-fashioned pop-rock", but the band's material is quite diverse: "there are things that are heavier and softer, there are ballads and fierce songs, sometimes Freudenthaler even uses autotune." The clear influence of psychedelic rock has been noted in the songs "And You Say", "Suzy", "Rainy Day", "Noone's Song" and "Northern Town", and the author of the website Zvuki.Ru also mentioned that Fool's Garden play songs that fans of melodic rock may adore. Joerg Hellwig, head of marketing at Intercord, told Billboard that Fool's Garden's music is "colorful guitar pop with a British touch and clear references to this genre's great tradition, which was perfected by The Beatles and have never been surpassed." The band members tried to avoid the use of electro elements and other effects and relied on acoustics to try to achieve a natural sound of the music. By the same edition, the band's style was characterized as Middle of the Road. A critic from Music & Media, describing the musical style of Dish of the Day, noted that the sound of Fool's Garden is based on the style of The Beatles, but the sound of guitars is closer to rock, and the song "Lemon Tree" was described as a mixture of circus music and bubblegum pop of the late 60s with signature melodies. In a review by Danish magazine Gaffa on the next album, Go and Ask Peggy for the Principal Thing, Lars Nielsen wrote that the release continues the "light airy melody" of its predecessor. In an interview for Billboard on the release of For Sale, the band's producer Steffen Koch noted that the band's songs have matured, with a more rock emphasis, while maintaining a Beatlesque sound. The songs in 25 Miles to Kissimmee were mostly melodic rock ballads. After the line-up change, Fools Garden moved away from Britpop and on the following album Ready for the Real Life they switched to "guitar-oriented rock". The style of the song "Cook It a While" was compared to the US West Coast rock. The album Who Is Jo King? was characterized by a strong bias towards indie pop, while certain elements of dance and electronic music started to be introduced into the band's sound. On their latest album Rise and Fall, Fools Garden returned to their original style, while continuing to experiment with sound. For example, the song "Still Running" was completely recorded in synth pop style. Influence on the group's style The Beatles were noted by many critics as the main artist to impact on the style of Fool's Garden. The typical Beatles' retro atmosphere and melancholic lyrics were observed in the sound of the band's songs. Both Peter Freudenthaler and Volker Hinkel have frequently named The Beatles as their main source of inspiration and creative ideas. Fool's Garden's musical style has been repeatedly described as being based on the work of The Beatles but with a heavier sound of guitars. In 2012, in the Russian talk show "Profilaktika", Freudenthaler and Hinkel were asked who was the most important person in Fools Garden, and both of them instantly replied 'Beatles.' The similarity in sound with the British inspirers turned out to be so strong that many listeners mistakenly attribute the authorship of the song "Lemon Tree" to them. In addition to the Fab Four, Fool's Garden' style was also compared with the sound of Blur and Simple Minds. The members also ranked Oasis, The Who and Coldplay as influential artists. Lev Gankin from the Kommersant newspaper found "Lemon Tree" similar to the songs of Paul McCartney, stating "The romantic minor of verses, followed by a lively major in the choruses - something similar can be heard in countless McCartney hits, starting with the old "All My Loving". Also, according to other reviewers, the style of "Lemon Tree" was influenced by Sting and Jellyfish in terms of harmony and instrumental parts. Another example of Paul McCartney's influence on the band's style is the song "Probably". The song "Suzy" has a borrowing from Led Zeppelin's "Stairway to Heaven": Robert Plant's vocal wail at the end of the original song was transformed into a synth riff in the bridge of "Suzy". Brian May from Queen was named as the source of inspiration for Volker Hinkel in writing guitar solos. The spread of elements of electronic music in the sound of recent albums is thought to be influenced by Moby and A-ha. Different critics describe several songs as being influenced by The Kinks, Pink Floyd, Fury in the Slaughterhouse, U2 and Eagle-Eye Cherry. The members of Fools Garden also told they adore the music of Pat Metheny, Pete Townshend, Heintje Simons, Status Quo, Noel Gallagher, Half Moon Run, AC/DC, The Rolling Stones, Scorpions and Udo Lindenberg. Appraisal Fool's Garden are considered the followers of the Britpop wave that swept the world in the 90s, and the most prominent representatives of the German Britpop scene. The band is also one of the most iconic German performers on the international music scene along with the Scorpions, E-rotic, Fun Factory and Mr. President. Wolfgang Spahr, the German Bureau Chief of Billboard, presented Fool's Garden the "Ambassador Award" for great success in Asia in the 1996's final issue. Fool's Garden have been recognized as one of the most famous and typical one-hit wonders. However, despite the fact that, in addition to "Lemon Tree", Fools Garden no longer released commercially successful singles, various sources also highlight other quite popular songs: "Wild Days", "It Can Happen", "Why Did She Go?", "Innocence", "Probably", "Suzy", "Closer", "Dreaming" and "Does Anybody Know?". In the interview for Frankfurter Allgemeine, Peter Freudenthaler stated that he thought about many songs that they would become hits, but this never happened. In 2012, Alexander Rusakov, in his book "Who is Who, or MUZPROSVET in Global Contemporary Popular Music", put Peter Freudenthaler on #792 in the rating of 1000 best musicians of global contemporary popular music for participation in Fool's Garden. The band was mentioned to play the fundamental role in the formation of modern retro-rock trends. In the magazine Novyi Ochevidets, the song "Lemon Tree" was named the main German hit of the 90s. Frontman Peter Freudenthaler said in an interview for the Chas newspaper that Fool's Garden is "the third German band after the Scorpions and Modern Talking, which has gained worldwide popularity". The band's songs can be found many times in popular culture. In the mid-1990s, Applause Inc., which owns the rights to the Smurfs franchise, released a compilation album Smurfenhits!, containing the song "Lemon Tree", recorded with the voice of the Smurfs, which bolstered sales for the company. Also, references to Fool's Garden and the songs "Lemon Tree" and "Rolling Home" can be found in modern fiction. During the 1996 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships, the song "Lemon Tree", being at its peak of popularity, sounded at every match of the Czech national team, thereby becoming a kind of symbol of the Czech national team. It is noteworthy that in this championship Czechs won a gold medal for the first time in history. Band members Current members Peter Freudenthaler — lead and backing vocals, keyboards, composer (1991—present) Volker Hinkel — guitar, lead and backing vocals, composer (1991—present) Dirk Blümlein — bass guitar, backing vocals (2003—present) Gabriel Holz — guitar, backing vocals, composer (2003—2007; 2014—present) Thorsten Kiefer — keyboards (2015—present) Jan Hees — drums, percussion (2015—present) Former members Claus-Dieter Wissler — composer (1991—1995) Thomas Mangold — bass guitar, backing vocals (1991—2003) Ralf Wochele — drums, percussion, backing vocals (1991—2003) Roland Röhl — keyboards, backing vocals (1991—2003) Claus Müller — drums, percussion, backing vocals (2003—2014) Timeline of members Discography Studio albums Fool's Garden (1991) Once in a Blue Moon (1993) Dish of the Day (1995) Go and Ask Peggy for the Principal Thing (1997) For Sale (2000) 25 Miles to Kissimmee (2003) Ready for the Real Life (2005) Who Is Jo King? (2012) Flashback (2015) Rise and Fall (2018) Captain... Coast Is Clear (2021) Live albums Best Of Unplugged - Live (2009) Compilation albums High Times - The Best of Fools Garden (2009) The Lost Tapes Vol. 1 (2018) EPs Home (2008) Awards and nominations References Bibliography External links Fanclub websites Band's fanclub Official German Fanclub of Fools Garden Other pages Official website Official Italian website History of the band in Munzinger Archive Advertising agency of Thomas Mangold and Roland Röhl Hinkelstone Productions Fools Garden on Spotify Fools Garden on SoundCloud Lemonade Music German rock music groups Musical groups established in 1991 Musical groups from Baden-Württemberg 1991 establishments in Germany	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fools%20Garden
Dallas Executive Airport , formerly Redbird Airport, is six miles (10 km) southwest of Downtown Dallas, in Dallas County, Texas, United States. The airport is used for general aviation and is a reliever airport for Dallas Love Field. In 2013, the Commemorative Air Force announced that they would build a "National Airbase" at Executive which would include their headquarters and main museum, both of which would be moved from Midland. As of 2016, the Commemorative Air Force established their headquarters at the airport and currently occupies a hangar on the southeast side of the airfield. The Dallas Police Department operates their helicopter(s) from Dallas Executive Airport. During 2017, extensive work was done to improve the existing runway, and more work is being done in 2018 to extend runway 13/31 to move the safety areas and protections zones onto the airport. Facilities Dallas Executive Airport covers and has two runways: 13/31: 7,136 x 100 ft (1,966 x 30.48 m) asphalt/concrete 17/35: 3,800 x 150 ft (1,158 x 46 m) asphalt/concrete Accidents and incidents November 12, 2022: in the 2022 Dallas airshow mid-air collision, a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and a Bell P-63 Kingcobra collided and crashed at approximately 1:20 pm local time at the Wings Over Dallas airshow at the airport. Six perished, five occupants on the B-17 and the pilot on the P-63. The cause of the accident is under investigation. References Dallas Executive Airport (City of Dallas website) Dallas Executive Airport (official airport website) External links Airports in Dallas Airports in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex Airports in Texas Transportation in Dallas County, Texas	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas%20Executive%20Airport
Suzanne Bennett (1893–1974) (also known as Lady Hubert Wilkins) was an Australian-born actress who achieved success on Broadway in the United States in the 1920s. She was born Susannah Catherine Evans in the goldfields town of Walhalla, Victoria to John Evans (a miner) and Alice Louisa Whitlow. She had four siblings (sisters Mabel and Edith; and brothers John and Arthur). She took the name Bennett from her 1915 marriage to 20-year-old soldier, Private Oscar Bennett (AIF service number 381). At the time of their marriage she was living in St. Kilda, Victoria. Oscar Bennett survived the war, returning to Australia in 1919. At this time, Suzanne Bennett had worked on stage in Australia, first in the chorus of the Rigo Grand Opera Company, and later with Hugh D. McIntosh's productions. However, her marriage to Oscar was an unhappy one and a divorce was finally granted in early 1922. By 1923, Suzanne was in New York looking for work. Within a year, she was performing in Broadway productions. Bennett met the celebrated explorer Sir George Hubert Wilkins on 20 June 1928, in New York City during a reception honoring Wilkins after his famed flight over the Arctic Sea. The couple were sufficiently famous to warrant a marriage announcement in the 9 September 1929 issue of Time magazine. There it was reported that the famous Australian couple had wed in Cleveland, Ohio. That notice also credits Ms. Bennett with having appeared on stage in Vanities and The Cyclone Lover. After her 30 August 1929 marriage she was known as Lady Hubert Wilkins, living with Sir Hubert in New York City. In her later years, she and Sir Hubert spent their summers living on a rural converted farm in the Endless Mountains area of Rush Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, a property she and Sir Hubert purchased in the 1950s. Lady Suzanne Wilkins was a gifted portrait artist, and did many paintings during her lifetime. She suffered a stroke in 1972, which left her blind. She was cared for by Winston Ross – Sir Hubert's former personal secretary – and his wife Marley Ross, relocating to Southern California. She died in Orange County, California in December 1974, and her ashes were scattered at the North Pole from the US Navy submarine on 4 May 1975, as were her husband's from in 1959. The couple had no children during their twenty-nine years of marriage. Broadway performances Guns [Original, Play] Performer: Suzanne Bennett [Cora Chase] -Dates: Aug 6, 1928 – Sep 1928 The Cyclone Lover [Original, Play, Comedy] Performer: Suzanne Bennett [Katherine] -Dates: Jun 5, 1928 – Jul 1928 What Do We Know? [Original, Play] Performer: Suzanne Bennett [Ernestine Fox] -Dates: Dec 23, 1927 – Jan 1928 Merry-Go-Round [Original, Musical, Comedy, Revue] Performer: Suzanne Bennett -Dates: May 31, 1927 – Sep 24, 1927 Nic Nax of 1926 [Original, Musical, Revue] Performer: Suzanne Bennett -Dates: Aug 2, 1926 – Aug 13, 1926 Port O' London [Original, Play] Performer: Suzanne Bennett [May] Feb 9, 1926 – Mar 1926 Earl Carroll's Vanities [1925] [Original, Musical, Revue] Performer: Suzanne Bennett [Ensemble] -Dates: Jul 6, 1925 – Dec 27, 1925 The Rat [Original, Play] Performer: Suzanne Bennett [Mimi] -Dates: Feb 10, 1925 – May 1925 Innocent Eyes [Original, Musical, Revue] Performer: Suzanne Bennett -Dates: May 20, 1924 – Aug 30, 1924 References External links Time (magazine) https://web.archive.org/web/20080512075450/http://library.osu.edu/sites/archives/polar/wilkins/wilkins.php 1975 deaths Australian stage actresses Australian expatriate actresses in the United States 1893 births	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzanne%20Bennett
The Volunteer Defence Corps (VDC) was an Australian part-time volunteer military force of World War II modelled on the British Home Guard. The VDC was established in July 1940 by the Returned and Services League of Australia (RSL) and was initially composed of ex-servicemen who had served in World War I. The government took over control of the VDC in May 1941, and gave the organisation the role of training for guerrilla warfare, collecting local intelligence and providing static defence of each unit's home area. General Harry Chauvel, who had retired in 1930, was recalled to duty in 1940 and appointed Inspector-General of the VDC. Chauvel held this position until his death in March 1945. Following the outbreak of the Pacific War, the Government expanded the VDC in February 1942. Membership was open to men aged between 18 and 60, including those working in reserved occupations. As a result, there were, by 1944, nearly 100,000 men in the VDC, organized into 111 battalions consisting of about 1,500 full-time personnel, over 30,000 part-time active members and over 43,000 part-time reserve members of the Volunteer Defence Corps. As the perceived threat to Australia declined the VDC's role changed from static defence to operating anti-aircraft artillery, coastal artillery and searchlights. Members of inland VDC units were freed from having to attend regular training in May 1944 and the VDC was officially disbanded on 24 August 1945. Gallery See also Auxiliary Units References External links Military units and formations of Australia in World War II Infantry units and formations of Australia Military units and formations established in 1940 Military units and formations disestablished in 1945 Militias in Oceania Civil defense Volunteering in Australia	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volunteer%20Defence%20Corps%20%28Australia%29
The Zee Cine Award Best Director is chosen via the public of India. The winners are announced in March. Multiple wins Awards The winners are listed below: References See also Zee Cine Awards Bollywood Cinema of India Zee Cine Awards	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zee%20Cine%20Award%20for%20Best%20Director
Call of the Mastodon is a compilation album of early recordings from the American metal band Mastodon. It was released on February 7, 2006, by Relapse Records. History The songs on Call of the Mastodon originally appeared on Mastodon's first release, 9 Song Demo, with lead vocals by Eric Saner. After Saner left the band, the vocals were re-recorded by guitarist Brent Hinds and bassist Troy Sanders, and the updated songs appeared on the band's Slick Leg and Lifesblood EPs. Several years later, the songs (with Hinds' and Sanders' vocals) were remixed and remastered by original engineer Matt Washburn, and released as Call of the Mastodon. In a documentary on the making of Crack the Skye, Hinds referred to Call of the Mastodon as the band's first studio album; this sentiment was later echoed by guitarist Bill Kelliher when he appeared on Loudwire's 'Wikipedia: Fact or Fiction'. Track listing Personnel Mastodon Brann Dailor – drums, vocals on "Battle at Sea" Brent Hinds – guitar, vocals Bill Kelliher – guitar Troy Sanders – bass, vocals Others Matt Washburn (LedBelly Sound Studio) – production, editing, mixing, mastering Paul Romano – artwork Charts References Mastodon (band) albums 2006 compilation albums Relapse Records compilation albums	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call%20of%20the%20Mastodon
KMYU (channel 12) is a television station licensed to St. George, Utah, United States, serving as the MyNetworkTV affiliate for the state of Utah. It is owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group alongside Salt Lake City–based CBS affiliate KUTV (channel 2) and independent station KJZZ-TV (channel 14). The stations share studios on South Main Street in downtown Salt Lake City, while KMYU's transmitter is located atop Webb Hill, south of downtown St. George. Outside of southwestern Utah, KMYU is broadcast statewide on KUTV and its dependent translators (as subchannel 2.2), and KUTV is similarly rebroadcast by KMYU. KUTV's plans to install a high-power station in southern Utah dated to the late 1980s, but while KUTV began selling local advertising on its existing southern Utah transmitters in 1993, what was then known as KUSG did not begin broadcasting until 1999. In 2008, the station was spun out as "Utah's RTN", an affiliate of the Retro Television Network, which switched to programming from This TV in 2009 and to MyNetworkTV in 2010. KMYU airs MyNetworkTV and syndicated shows as well as repeats of KUTV newscasts and several local sports programs. History In 1986, Steven D. King, an Atlanta businessman, successfully petitioned the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to add channel 12 to St. George as its first full-service television allocation. In 1987, applications were received from Red Mountain Broadcasting Company, whose backers included Jim Rogers, owner of Las Vegas station KVBC; and by KUTV, Inc. The FCC designated these applications for comparative hearing in February 1988, but before the hearing could begin, a settlement agreement was reached and approved on May 23 in which KUTV was granted the permit. Even though the station would not begin broadcasting until 1999, KUTV began to lay the groundwork for the new station, which received the call sign KUSG. Potential was also recognized for KUSG to possibly create a new media market for southern Utah that then could lead to KCCZ in Cedar City becoming a network affiliate as well. KUTV then drew the ire of Washington County, which owned the translators by which KUTV was broadcasting in the area, by proposing to begin local advertising insertion for the St. George area on the translators—in part to begin building an advertising base in southern Utah. This was possible because of the way the signal was delivered from Salt Lake City. The first hop on the translator network going south was at Levan. The KUTV translator at Levan, which was owned by the station, was authorized as a low-power television station with program origination capabilities. However, competing broadcasters, especially KCCZ, believed the deal gave KUTV an unfair advantage by allowing it to use translator infrastructure owned by local authorities. To defuse this controversy, KUTV management worked out deals with service companies who took over maintenance of the translators in Washington and Iron counties, and local ad insertion began in February 1992. In the meantime, plans to build KUSG itself continued to be delayed. KUSG began broadcasting on August 21, 1999, and initially operated as a satellite station of KUTV. However, after Four Points Media Group, a broadcast holding company operated by private equity firm Cerberus Capital Management, acquired KUTV, KUSG, and other smaller-market CBS-owned stations in January 2008, Four Points spun out KUSG with separate programming. It became known as "Utah's RTN", an affiliate of the Retro Television Network (RTN) featuring Southern Utah news updates from KUTV; KUTV remained available over the air from its other translator on channel 49 as well as on cable and satellite, and the station estimated this switch left a small number of viewers without KUTV programming. Equity Media Holdings, which owned RTN, soon fell into major financial difficulties. Initially, KUSG's RTN programming was relayed on Equity-owned KUBX-LP (channel 58) in Salt Lake City and KCBU (channel 3) in Price, which respectively brought the station's programming into Salt Lake City and earned it must-carry status on cable and satellite systems. However, on January 4, 2009, a contract conflict between Equity and Luken Communications (which had acquired RTN in June 2008) interrupted the programming on many RTN affiliates. As a result, Luken moved RTN operations to its headquarters in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and dropped all Equity-owned affiliates, including KUBX and KCBU, immediately. KUSG itself was not affected (aside from the aforementioned interruption in network programming), as it is not an Equity station, but its satellite and Salt Lake City-area Comcast coverage was lost, as they received the station's programming via KUBX/KCBU. By June 2009, KUSG had dropped RTN (which rebranded to RTV that month) for This TV; it then added programming from MyNetworkTV on September 20, 2010, and changed its call sign to KMYU on November 16, 2010. Outside of MyNetworkTV, KMYU continued to air This TV programs until 2015. On September 8, 2011, Sinclair Broadcast Group announced its intent to purchase Four Points from Cerberus Capital Management for $200 million; Sinclair began managing the stations, including KMYU, under local marketing agreements following antitrust approval. The deal was completed on January 3, 2012. In September and early October 2011, the station aired NBC's new period drama The Playboy Club in lieu of KSL-TV (channel 5), which refused to air it due to management concerns about content and the program's promotion of Playboy magazine. The program aired at NBC's original Monday night 9 p.m. (MT) timeslot for the series on KMYU. Like Coupling in 2003 however, which KSL also declined to air and aired on the then-KUWB (channel 30, now KUCW), it only aired three episodes before the network made it the first canceled new series of the new television season. In 2017, Sinclair proposed the purchase of Tribune Media, which owned Salt Lake City Fox affiliate KSTU (channel 13). As part of divestitures related to the deal, Sinclair announced in April 2018 that it would have sold KMYU to Howard Stirk Holdings while continuing to provide services to the station. However, flaws with the deal in other cities—notably Chicago, Dallas, Houston, and St. Louis—resulted in the FCC commissioners designating the transaction for hearing before an administrative law judge in July 2018, which led to its cancellation the following month. Local programming KMYU's sports programming includes live Utah High School Activities Association high school football games, including state championships; KMYU also airs Talkin' Sports, a nightly sports talk show aired after KUTV's 10 p.m. newscast, which it simulcasts. In 2015, KMYU became the main regional broadcaster of Major League Soccer's Real Salt Lake. Sinclair renewed its contract in 2018. KMYU has also aired matches from RSL's reserve team Real Monarchs (in the USL) and its women's team Utah Royals FC (NWSL). Newscasts After KUSG adopted its own separate schedule in 2008, it began airing Southern Utah-specific news updates. Even though multiple KUTV newscasts are repeated or simulcast on KMYU, the station has no dedicated newscasts. National news coverage is provided by the Sinclair-produced The National Desk and the airing of Sinclair's Full Measure with Sharyl Attkisson. Technical information Subchannels The station's digital signal is multiplexed: Analog-to-digital conversion KMYU shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 12, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television, continuing to broadcast in digital on VHF channel 9 (using virtual channel 12). Translators Two translators in Iron County rebroadcast KMYU, with most of its coverage coming as a KUTV subchannel on that station's translators. Parowan, Enoch, Paragonah: K35NT-D Rural Beaver, etc.: K19GS-D Notes References External links KUTV.com – KUTV official website Television channels and stations established in 1999 1999 establishments in Utah MyNetworkTV affiliates Sinclair Broadcast Group MYU Major League Soccer over-the-air television broadcasters Real Salt Lake broadcasters St. George, Utah	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KMYU
Clásicos de la Provincia is the sixth album by Colombian singer/composer Carlos Vives. Released in Colombia in late 1993, and internationally on February 22, 1994, the album is a collection of Colombian vallenato standards. The album made Vives a superstar in Colombia and was his breakthrough in the Vallenato genre. The album sold over 1.4 million copies in Colombia, and 3 million copies worldwide in it first 6 months of been released. Worldwide copies stands at 4 million. Track listing "La gota fría" (E. Zuleta) – 3:33 "Amor Sensible" (F. Molina) – 4:26 "Alicia Adorada" (J. Valencia) – 4:15 "La Hamaca Grande" (A. Pacheco) – 3:16 "El Cantor De Fonseca" (C. Huertas) – 3:07 "Matilde Lina" (L. Díaz) – 3:57 "Altos Del Rosario" (A. Durán) – 3:56 "Honda Herida" (R. Escalona) – 3:03 "La Cañaguatera" (I. Carrillo) – 3:13 "Lirio Rojo" (C. Ochoa) – 2:48 "La Tijera" (L. Martínez) – 3:27 "Compae Chipuco" (C. Gomez) – 3:16 "Pedazo De Acordeón" (A. Durán) – 4:06 "La Celosa" (F. Molina) – 4:12 "Contestación A La Brasilera (fragmento)" (A. Zabaleta) – 0:49 Personnel Performance credits Carlos Vives - Primary Artist, Director, Vocals Egidio Cuadrado - Accordion, Vocals (Pedazo de Accordion), Backing Vocals Ernesto "Teto" Ocampo - Acoustic Guitar, Electric Guitar, Guitar Luis Ángel Pastor - Bass John Jairo Lemus - Conga Luis Pacheco - Conga, Guache, Tamboura, Tambourine Alexa Hernández - Vocals, Choir Amparo Sandino - Vocals Choir Aníbal Rivera - Electric Guitar Antonio Arnedo - Gaita, Soprano Saxophone Eder Polo - Guacharaca Bernardo Ossa - Keyboards, Percussion Michael Egizi - Piano Alfredo Rosado - Tamboura, Tambourine Heberth Cuadrado - Violin, Vocals ("Pedazo De Acordeón") Technical credits Eduardo de Narváez - Arranger, Engineer, Producer Ernesto "Teto" Ocampo - Arranger Bernardo Ossa - Arranger Carlos Vives - Arranger, Direction Rafael Mejía - Art Direction Phil Austin - Engineer Jorge Díaz - Engineer Robin Jenny - Engineer, Mastering Manuel Riveira - Representation Chart performance Certifications and sales See also List of best-selling albums in Colombia List of best-selling Latin albums References External credits Carlos Vives official website 1993 albums 1994 albums Carlos Vives albums Covers albums	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%A1sicos%20de%20la%20Provincia
Demon's World is a 1989 run and gun arcade video game originally developed by Toaplan and published in Japan by Taito and in North America by Catalina Games. In the game, players assume the role of two ghost hunters to fight against several ghosts and monsters that were unleashed upon Earth by the titular demon king. Initially launched for the arcades, the title was then ported to the PC Engine Super CD-ROM² by NEC Avenue and published exclusively in Japan on 26 February 1993, featuring various additions and changes compared with the original release. Demon's World was met with mixed response from critics who reviewed the PC Engine Super CD-ROM² version as an import title despite being exclusive to Japan. As of 2019, the rights to the title is owned by Tatsujin, a company founded in 2017 by former Toaplan member Masahiro Yuge and now-affiliate of Japanese arcade manufacturer exA-Arcadia alongside many other Toaplan IPs. Gameplay Demon's World is a horror-themed horizontally-scrolling run and gun game where players assume the role of two ghost hunters through ten increasingly difficult linear autoscrolling stages across various locations, some of which have a boss at the end that must be fought before progressing any further in an effort to defeat several ghosts and monsters that were unleashed upon Earth by the titular demon king as the main objective. The player characters are armed with a gun complete with energy pack reminiscent to the Ghostbusters franchise to shoot various ghosts and monsters that infest each stage, though players can also defeat enemies by jumping on them, in addition of performing a double jump to move across platforms as well. Along the way, players can collect multiple a weapon power-up to change their gun to fire lasers, bombs or a spread shot. Other items can also be collected during gameplay such as "P" icons that, after collecting three icons in a row, grants the players a shield that takes an extra enemy hit and heart icons that gives points. Firing on determined locations is crucial to reach high-scores and get extra lives, as certain setpieces in some stages hosts bonus secrets. While the better known version of the arcade game started in a relatively modern town at a telephone booth and continues to advance to the haunted American Old West themed levels, an alternative arcade version and the home console version for the PC Engine shuffle these levels around: There the opening stages of the title take place in an eastern setting, starting in the fantasyland of China and moving on to Japan, featuring various spirits and creatures of Japanese folklore. Some of these include ghostly karakasa, chochinobake, kappa, hitotsume-kozou and rokurokubi. The game then changes course, moving to a ghostly pirate ship and then the haunted American Old West, featuring a ghost town and a canyon inhabited by traditional ghosts and monsters from western culture such as Frankenstein's monster, Dracula, and even Jason Voorhees-style masked monsters. In all variants of the game the final stretch takes place in a medieval setting complete with cursed castles and dungeons infested with haunted armor, goblins and dragons. But the PC Engine version and the less known alternative arcade revision add a cave segment between the last dragon and the final boss. Thus both of these versions share a similar amount of content, but the PC engine version adds an additional mid-boss to the western town segment (a cowboy skeleton that throws scorpions). Demon's World uses a checkpoint in which a downed single player will start off at the beginning of the checkpoint they managed to reach before dying. Getting hit by enemy fire, colliding against certain stage obstacles, falling off the stage or running against any enemy will result in losing a life and once all lives are lost, the game is over unless the players insert more credits into the arcade machine to continue playing. Although there is an ending, the game loops back to the first stage after completing the last stage as with previous titles from Toaplan, with each one increasing the difficulty. Development and release Demon's World was released on arcades worldwide in 1989 by Taito in Japan as Horror Story, Catalina Games in North America and Toaplan across other regions. The soundtrack was co-composed by Osamu Ōta and Toshiaki Tomizawa, while artist Atsushi Kawaguchi was responsible for the artwork. The arcade board is multi-regional, meaning that it can be configured for different regions via the DIP switches and these settings change the legal warnings, display the Taito licensing message and can change the title between the English version and the Japanese version. In 2018, an album containing music from the title and other Toaplan games was published exclusively in Japan by City Connection under their Clarice Disk label. On 26 February 1993, Demon's World was ported to the PC Engine Super CD-ROM² by NEC Avenue under its original Japanese title (Horror Story) and published exclusively in Japan, featuring an arranged soundtrack using Redbook CD Audio. It is built on the later alternative arcade board revision along with its new stage and features a new "cowboy skeleton" mid-boss that is exclusive to this version, among other changes. Reception and legacy In Japan, Game Machine listed Demon's World on their August 15, 1989 issue as being the twenty-second most-popular arcade game at the time. Demon's World has been met with mixed critical reception since its PC Engine Super CD-ROM² release as Horror Story from critics who reviewed it as an import title. French magazine Consoles + praised the graphics, music and gameplay but noted the presentation to be the conversion's main negative point. Markus Appel of German magazine Mega Fun gave mixed remarks to the graphics and sound. Likewise, both Andreas Knauf and Martin Gaksch from German magazine Video Games gave this port a mixed outlook. Den of Geek noted it to be a solid but forgettable title from Toaplan. In more recent years, the rights to the game and many other IPs from Toaplan are now owned by Tatsujin, a company named after Truxton's Japanese title that was founded in 2017 by former Toaplan employee Masahiro Yuge, who are now affiliated with arcade manufacturer exA-Arcadia. Notes References External links Demon's World at GameFAQs Demon's World at Killer List of Videogames Demon's World at MobyGames Demon's World at The Toaplan Museum 1989 video games Arcade video games Cooperative video games Video games about ghosts Multiplayer and single-player video games Parodies of horror Run and gun games Side-scrolling video games Taito games Taito arcade games Toaplan games TurboGrafx-CD games Video games developed in Japan Video games scored by Osamu Ōta Video games scored by Toshiaki Tomizawa Video games set in China Video games set in Japan Video games set in North America	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demon%27s%20World
Gordon Scott Durie (born 6 December 1965 in Paisley) is the Scottish former professional footballer, a utility player who usually played as a striker. He played for East Fife, Hibernian, Chelsea, Tottenham Hotspur, Rangers and Hearts. He was also capped 43 times by Scotland. After retiring as a player in 2001, in 2010, he became a coach and manager, working for East Fife and Rangers as an assistant. Playing career Durie started his senior career with East Fife, and he then moved to Hibernian in 1984; while still in his teens, he played on the losing side in the 1985 Scottish League Cup Final with Hibs, who sold him to Chelsea for £400,000 in 1986. His spell with Chelsea from 1986 to 1991, yielded 63 goals in total from 153 appearances, and they won the Football League Second Division in 1989. in 1991, Durie moved to Tottenham Hotspur for a £2.2 million fee. Durie scored on his debut in a 3–2 away win at The Dell versus Southampton. He was also their first goalscorer in the Premier League, in a 2–2 home draw with Crystal Palace on 22 August 1992. The forward them joined boyhood favourites Rangers in November 1993 and Durie played a major role in winning the last four of their 'nine in a row' of Scottish league championships and playing a handful of matches in two later title wins. Durie scored a hat-trick in the 1996 Scottish Cup Final to help Rangers beat Hearts 5–1 and collected runners-up medals in the competition in 1994 and 1998; he was a Scottish League Cup winner in 1998. Durie left Rangers at the end of the 1999–2000 season after 179 appearances and 52 goals. After turning down an offer from Australia, Durie signed for Hearts in September 2000. He stayed there for the rest of the 2000–01 season, after which he retired from playing. International career Durie made his international debut for Scotland on 11 November 1987, in a 1–0 against Bulgaria. He was capped 43 times in all, scoring seven goals. He was one of Scotland's bright spots in their team at Euro '96. And Durie scored the second goal in a 2–0 win against Latvia that clinched qualification for the 1998 FIFA World Cup. The last time he played for the Scottish team was during that World Cup, in a 3–0 defeat against Morocco. Coaching career Durie was appointed assistant manager of East Fife in November 2010. On 1 March 2012, he was made caretaker manager at Bayview following the departure of John Robertson. Durie took the job on a longer-term basis, but then suffered from ill health. He resigned in November 2012, due to this illness. Durie joined the Rangers coaching staff in July 2013, to work with the reserve and under-20 teams. He was promoted to a first team coaching role in December 2014, following the departure of manager Ally McCoist. Durie left Rangers in July 2015, as new manager Mark Warburton made changes to the coaching staff. Personal life His son, Scott, was a youth player at Rangers and signed for East Fife in 2010. Durie was declared bankrupt in 2016. Career statistics International goals Scores and results list Scotland's goal tally first. Honours Individual PFA Team of the Year: 1988–89 Second Division References External links International Appearances at londonhearts.com Scotland section 1965 births Living people 1990 FIFA World Cup players 1998 FIFA World Cup players Chelsea F.C. players East Fife F.C. players Men's association football forwards Heart of Midlothian F.C. players Hibernian F.C. players Footballers from Paisley, Renfrewshire Premier League players Rangers F.C. players Scotland men's B international footballers Scotland men's international footballers Scottish men's footballers Scottish Football League players Scottish Premier League players English Football League players Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players UEFA Euro 1992 players UEFA Euro 1996 players People educated at Inverkeithing High School Scotland men's under-21 international footballers Scottish football managers East Fife F.C. managers Scottish Football League managers Rangers F.C. non-playing staff	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%20Durie
Jun of Gojoseon was the last king of Gija Joseon. He was succeeded by Wiman (Wei Man), whose usurpation of the throne began the dynasty of Wiman Joseon of Gojoseon. Overthrowing and exile into Mahan Wiman entered Gojoseon as a refugee, and submitted to King Jun. Jun granted Wiman's request to serve as a commander of the western borders. However, sometime around 194 BC or 193 BC, Wiman led a revolt, and followed Jun down into Mahan territory, which was situated in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. See also List of Korean monarchs History of Korea References Bibliography Gija Joseon rulers 2nd-century BC monarchs in Asia Monarchs of the Mahan confederacy 2nd-century BC Korean people	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jun%20of%20Gojoseon
The World Can't Wait (WCW) is a coalition group in the United States dedicated to mobilizing mass resistance to what it describes as crimes committed by the US government. Initially formed as an ad-hoc coalition to organize mass protests to force the George W. Bush Administration from office, WCW has also protested against the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, the continued operation of the Guantanamo Bay prison, the use of torture by the U.S. government under both the Bush and Obama administrations, and against anti-abortion groups and legislation. History Formation and Call World Can't Wait was officially formed in September 2005, at a meeting of hundreds in New York City chaired by Sunsara Taylor and Debra Sweet, two activists and supporters of the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA. WCW attempted during the Bush years to create a mass popular movement strong enough to force George W. Bush and Richard Cheney from office in disgrace. According to its original (2005) mission statement, by organizing people living in the United States, WCW seeks "to create a political situation where the Bush administration's program is repudiated, where Bush himself is driven from office, and where the whole direction he has been taking U.S. society is reversed." This statement, known as the "Call" was signed by prominent people in both activist circles and in the arts, such as Mark Ruffalo, Cindy Sheehan, Jane Fonda, Gore Vidal, Harold Pinter, Daniel Ellsberg, Eve Ensler, and Tom Morello, among thousands of others. WCW levied many accusations against the Bush administration, including: the Iraq War, prisoner abuse, torture of military detainees, the abrogation of their rights to habeas corpus, ubiquitous domestic wire-tapping and surveillance activities ordered personally by the President, the administration's response to Hurricane Katrina, and the administration's support for anti-abortion legislation which they state has a basis in the goals of the Christian Right. WCW has been described as a Revolutionary Communist Party (RCP) "affiliate". WCW was initiated by the RCP. Its website said it had "Greens, Christians, Republicans, anarchists, Muslims, Jews, feminists, Democrats, pacifists, and people who claim no affiliation" as members. Organizing in high schools, college campuses and on the Internet, by October 2006, the group gathered 24,000 supporters, including actor Sean Penn, writers Studs Terkel and Eve Ensler, Democratic state assemblyman Mark Leno and anti-war protester Cindy Sheehan, and was able to organize protests in 150 cities across the United States, Canada and Switzerland. According to WCW director Debra Sweet, "In the beginning, we were what you might call the voice-of-conscience usual suspects. Since then, we've been opening our umbrella wider." World Can't Wait stated during the 2008 presidential race that Barack Obama would not be a redemptive figure. Activities Post-Bush Administration In 2009 the WCW adopted a new mission statement that incorporated the major elements of its original statement and ended with: “This direction cannot and will not be reversed by leaders who tell us to seek common ground with fascists, religious fanatics, and empire. It can only be possible by the people building a community of resistance - an independent mass movement of people - acting in the interests of humanity to stop, and demand prosecution, of these crimes.” In the fall of 2010 WCW took out an ad entitled "Crimes Are Crimes No Matter Who Does Them," stating that the Obama administration "either continued Bush policies or went even further than Bush". The ad appeared in the New York Review of Books, The Nation and the New York Times. WCW shares a mailing address on West Broadway with Refuse Fascism. Events organized November 2, 2005: Demonstrations attended in protest of the anniversary of the 2004 presidential elections; some 2,000 participate in each of the New York City and San Francisco events, with 1,200 in Los Angeles. January 31, 2006: Demonstrations attended in protest of President George W. Bush's State of the Union address. February 4, 2006: Demonstration in Washington, D.C. outside the White House. May 12, 2006: Demonstration at Wachovia Stadium to protest Battle Cry. January 4, 2007: Rally in Upper Senate Park in Washington, D.C. at noon on the opening day of the 110th United States Congress. January 23, 2007: Demonstrations attended in protest of Bush's State of the Union address. February 17, 2007: "Emergency Summit to Impeach Bush for War Crimes" was held in New York City. January 18, 2009: Disruption of Rick Warren's King Memorial Speech, Atlanta. March 19, 2009: First national day of protest against the wars under President Barack Obama. New York City event including a rally at Union Square and a march to the US Armed Forces Recruiting Center in Times Square. December 1 and 2, 2009: World Can’t Wait participated, with other groups, in the demonstrations outside Obama’s West Point announcement of the increase in troops to Afghanistan, and the protests in New York City the day after. See also List of anti-war organizations Refuse Fascism Sunsara Taylor References External links The World Can't Wait 2005 establishments in New York City Anti–Iraq War groups Organizations established in 2005 Far-left politics in the United States Revolutionary Communist Party, USA	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20World%20Can%27t%20Wait
Pedro A. Galván (1833? - December 12, 1892) was a Mexican general, 25th governor of the Mexican state of Colima (interim), and governor of the state of Jalisco. A main avenue in the residential area of the City of Colima bears his name. Military career Pedro Galván began his military career in 1854 under General Ogazón and was then promoted to brigade General on the Liberal side during the Reform and Intervention wars, in which he lost a leg in battle. He took part in the Plan of Noria in 1872, alongside Porfirio Díaz. Political career He was elected federal deputy for Jalisco in 1875 and was later elected as the 2nd Senator for that state in 1877. On 13 July of that year, he was declared a Citizen of Colima by government decree. Difficulties in the Mexican Congress prompted the Senate to suspend the authority of Colima's government, so he was declared interim governor of Colima (June 17 - September 27, 1880). As governor, he assisted in the election of General Manuel González for president, called local elections, and embellished the town square. He gained notoriety for his honesty, frankness, and chivalrous character. Upon retiring from the governorship he became Administrator of Maritime Customs in Manzanillo and was later re-elected as Senator in 1882. Upon the death of General Corona, he was appointed governor of Jalisco in 1889 and was later re-elected for the following term. He died while in office in 1892. References Almada, Francisco R. Diccionario de historia, geografía y biografía del Estado de Colima. Colima, Col: Original ed. Chihuahua. 1937. Modern ed. 1939. Garibay K., Ángel Ma. (Ed.). Diccionario Porrua: de Historia, Biografía y Geografía de México (2nd Ed.). Porrua: México. 1964. Oseguera Velázquez, Juan. Colima en Panorama: monogafía Histórica, Política y sociológica. Gobierno de Colima. Colima, Col. Mex. 1967. Oseguera Velázquez, Juan. Efemérides de Colima y de México: calendario cívico, festividades, sucesos diversos y anectdotas. Gobierno de Colima: Colima, Col. 1989. Year of birth uncertain 1830s births 1892 deaths 19th-century Mexican politicians 19th-century Mexican military personnel Governors of Colima Governors of Jalisco	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro%20Galv%C3%A1n
A search engine is a software system that finds web pages that match a web search. They search the World Wide Web in a systematic way for particular information specified in a textual web search query. The search results are generally presented in a line of results, often referred to as search engine results pages (SERPs). The information may be a mix of hyperlinks to web pages, images, videos, infographics, articles, and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories. Unlike web directories and social bookmarking sites, which are maintained by human editors, search engines also maintain real-time information by running an algorithm on a web crawler. Any internet-based content that cannot be indexed and searched by a web search engine falls under the category of deep web. History Pre-1990s A system for locating published information intended to overcome the ever-increasing difficulty of locating information in ever-growing centralized indices of scientific work was described in 1945 by Vannevar Bush, who wrote an article in The Atlantic Monthly titled "As We May Think" in which he envisioned libraries of research with connected annotations not unlike modern hyperlinks. Link analysis would eventually become a crucial component of search engines through algorithms such as Hyper Search and PageRank. 1990s: Birth of search engines The first internet search engines predate the debut of the Web in December 1990: WHOIS user search dates back to 1982, and the Knowbot Information Service multi-network user search was first implemented in 1989. The first well documented search engine that searched content files, namely FTP files, was Archie, which debuted on 10 September 1990. Prior to September 1993, the World Wide Web was entirely indexed by hand. There was a list of webservers edited by Tim Berners-Lee and hosted on the CERN webserver. One snapshot of the list in 1992 remains, but as more and more web servers went online the central list could no longer keep up. On the NCSA site, new servers were announced under the title "What's New!". The first tool used for searching content (as opposed to users) on the Internet was Archie. The name stands for "archive" without the "v". It was created by Alan Emtage, computer science student at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The program downloaded the directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP (File Transfer Protocol) sites, creating a searchable database of file names; however, Archie Search Engine did not index the contents of these sites since the amount of data was so limited it could be readily searched manually. The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead. Like Archie, they searched the file names and titles stored in Gopher index systems. Veronica (Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-wide Index to Computerized Archives) provided a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Jughead (Jonzy's Universal Gopher Hierarchy Excavation And Display) was a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers. While the name of the search engine "Archie Search Engine" was not a reference to the Archie comic book series, "Veronica" and "Jughead" are characters in the series, thus referencing their predecessor. In the summer of 1993, no search engine existed for the web, though numerous specialized catalogs were maintained by hand. Oscar Nierstrasz at the University of Geneva wrote a series of Perl scripts that periodically mirrored these pages and rewrote them into a standard format. This formed the basis for W3Catalog, the web's first primitive search engine, released on September 2, 1993. In June 1993, Matthew Gray, then at MIT, produced what was probably the first web robot, the Perl-based World Wide Web Wanderer, and used it to generate an index called "Wandex". The purpose of the Wanderer was to measure the size of the World Wide Web, which it did until late 1995. The web's second search engine Aliweb appeared in November 1993. Aliweb did not use a web robot, but instead depended on being notified by website administrators of the existence at each site of an index file in a particular format. JumpStation (created in December 1993 by Jonathon Fletcher) used a web robot to find web pages and to build its index, and used a web form as the interface to its query program. It was thus the first WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching) as described below. Because of the limited resources available on the platform it ran on, its indexing and hence searching were limited to the titles and headings found in the web pages the crawler encountered. One of the first "all text" crawler-based search engines was WebCrawler, which came out in 1994. Unlike its predecessors, it allowed users to search for any word in any webpage, which has become the standard for all major search engines since. It was also the search engine that was widely known by the public. Also, in 1994, Lycos (which started at Carnegie Mellon University) was launched and became a major commercial endeavor. The first popular search engine on the Web was Yahoo! Search. The first product from Yahoo!, founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in January 1994, was a Web directory called Yahoo! Directory. In 1995, a search function was added, allowing users to search Yahoo! Directory. It became one of the most popular ways for people to find web pages of interest, but its search function operated on its web directory, rather than its full-text copies of web pages. Soon after, a number of search engines appeared and vied for popularity. These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista. Information seekers could also browse the directory instead of doing a keyword-based search. In 1996, Robin Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking and received a US patent for the technology. It was the first search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing, predating the very similar algorithm patent filed by Google two years later in 1998. Larry Page referenced Li's work in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. Li later used his Rankdex technology for the Baidu search engine, which was founded by him in China and launched in 2000. In 1996, Netscape was looking to give a single search engine an exclusive deal as the featured search engine on Netscape's web browser. There was so much interest that instead, Netscape struck deals with five of the major search engines: for $5 million a year, each search engine would be in rotation on the Netscape search engine page. The five engines were Yahoo!, Magellan, Lycos, Infoseek, and Excite. Google adopted the idea of selling search terms in 1998 from a small search engine company named goto.com. This move had a significant effect on the search engine business, which went from struggling to one of the most profitable businesses in the Internet. Search engines were also known as some of the brightest stars in the Internet investing frenzy that occurred in the late 1990s. Several companies entered the market spectacularly, receiving record gains during their initial public offerings. Some have taken down their public search engine and are marketing enterprise-only editions, such as Northern Light. Many search engine companies were caught up in the dot-com bubble, a speculation-driven market boom that peaked in March 2000. 2000s–present: Post dot-com bubble Around 2000, Google's search engine rose to prominence. The company achieved better results for many searches with an algorithm called PageRank, as was explained in the paper Anatomy of a Search Engine written by Sergey Brin and Larry Page, the later founders of Google. This iterative algorithm ranks web pages based on the number and PageRank of other web sites and pages that link there, on the premise that good or desirable pages are linked to more than others. Larry Page's patent for PageRank cites Robin Li's earlier RankDex patent as an influence. Google also maintained a minimalist interface to its search engine. In contrast, many of its competitors embedded a search engine in a web portal. In fact, the Google search engine became so popular that spoof engines emerged such as Mystery Seeker. By 2000, Yahoo! was providing search services based on Inktomi's search engine. Yahoo! acquired Inktomi in 2002, and Overture (which owned AlltheWeb and AltaVista) in 2003. Yahoo! switched to Google's search engine until 2004, when it launched its own search engine based on the combined technologies of its acquisitions. Microsoft first launched MSN Search in the fall of 1998 using search results from Inktomi. In early 1999, the site began to display listings from Looksmart, blended with results from Inktomi. For a short time in 1999, MSN Search used results from AltaVista instead. In 2004, Microsoft began a transition to its own search technology, powered by its own web crawler (called msnbot). Microsoft's rebranded search engine, Bing, was launched on June 1, 2009. On July 29, 2009, Yahoo! and Microsoft finalized a deal in which Yahoo! Search would be powered by Microsoft Bing technology. active search engine crawlers include those of Google, Sogou, Baidu, Bing, Gigablast, Mojeek, DuckDuckGo and Yandex. Approach A search engine maintains the following processes in near real time: Web crawling Indexing Searching Web search engines get their information by web crawling from site to site. The "spider" checks for the standard filename robots.txt, addressed to it. The robots.txt file contains directives for search spiders, telling it which pages to crawl and which pages not to crawl. After checking for robots.txt and either finding it or not, the spider sends certain information back to be indexed depending on many factors, such as the titles, page content, JavaScript, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), headings, or its metadata in HTML meta tags. After a certain number of pages crawled, amount of data indexed, or time spent on the website, the spider stops crawling and moves on. "[N]o web crawler may actually crawl the entire reachable web. Due to infinite websites, spider traps, spam, and other exigencies of the real web, crawlers instead apply a crawl policy to determine when the crawling of a site should be deemed sufficient. Some websites are crawled exhaustively, while others are crawled only partially". Indexing means associating words and other definable tokens found on web pages to their domain names and HTML-based fields. The associations are made in a public database, made available for web search queries. A query from a user can be a single word, multiple words or a sentence. The index helps find information relating to the query as quickly as possible. Some of the techniques for indexing, and caching are trade secrets, whereas web crawling is a straightforward process of visiting all sites on a systematic basis. Between visits by the spider, the cached version of the page (some or all the content needed to render it) stored in the search engine working memory is quickly sent to an inquirer. If a visit is overdue, the search engine can just act as a web proxy instead. In this case, the page may differ from the search terms indexed. The cached page holds the appearance of the version whose words were previously indexed, so a cached version of a page can be useful to the website when the actual page has been lost, but this problem is also considered a mild form of linkrot. Typically when a user enters a query into a search engine it is a few keywords. The index already has the names of the sites containing the keywords, and these are instantly obtained from the index. The real processing load is in generating the web pages that are the search results list: Every page in the entire list must be weighted according to information in the indexes. Then the top search result item requires the lookup, reconstruction, and markup of the snippets showing the context of the keywords matched. These are only part of the processing each search results web page requires, and further pages (next to the top) require more of this post-processing. Beyond simple keyword lookups, search engines offer their own GUI- or command-driven operators and search parameters to refine the search results. These provide the necessary controls for the user engaged in the feedback loop users create by filtering and weighting while refining the search results, given the initial pages of the first search results. For example, from 2007 the Google.com search engine has allowed one to filter by date by clicking "Show search tools" in the leftmost column of the initial search results page, and then selecting the desired date range. It is also possible to weight by date because each page has a modification time. Most search engines support the use of the Boolean operators AND, OR and NOT to help end users refine the search query. Boolean operators are for literal searches that allow the user to refine and extend the terms of the search. The engine looks for the words or phrases exactly as entered. Some search engines provide an advanced feature called proximity search, which allows users to define the distance between keywords. There is also concept-based searching where the research involves using statistical analysis on pages containing the words or phrases you search for. The usefulness of a search engine depends on the relevance of the result set it gives back. While there may be millions of web pages that include a particular word or phrase, some pages may be more relevant, popular, or authoritative than others. Most search engines employ methods to rank the results to provide the "best" results first. How a search engine decides which pages are the best matches, and what order the results should be shown in, varies widely from one engine to another. The methods also change over time as Internet usage changes and new techniques evolve. There are two main types of search engine that have evolved: one is a system of predefined and hierarchically ordered keywords that humans have programmed extensively. The other is a system that generates an "inverted index" by analyzing texts it locates. This first form relies much more heavily on the computer itself to do the bulk of the work. Most Web search engines are commercial ventures supported by advertising revenue and thus some of them allow advertisers to have their listings ranked higher in search results for a fee. Search engines that do not accept money for their search results make money by running search related ads alongside the regular search engine results. The search engines make money every time someone clicks on one of these ads. Local search Local search is the process that optimizes the efforts of local businesses. They focus on change to make sure all searches are consistent. It is important because many people determine where they plan to go and what to buy based on their searches. Market share Google is by far the world's most used search engine, with a market share of 90.6%, and the world's other most used search engines were Bing, Yahoo!, Baidu, Yandex, and DuckDuckGo. Russia and East Asia In Russia, Yandex has a market share of 62.6%, compared to Google's 28.3%. And Yandex is the second most used search engine on smartphones in Asia and Europe. In China, Baidu is the most popular search engine. South Korea's homegrown search portal, Naver, is used for 62.8% of online searches in the country. Yahoo! Japan and Yahoo! Taiwan are the most popular avenues for Internet searches in Japan and Taiwan, respectively. China is one of few countries where Google is not in the top three web search engines for market share. Google was previously a top search engine in China, but withdrew after a disagreement with the government over censorship, and a cyberattack. But Bing is in top three web search engine with a market share of 14.95%. Baidu is on top with 49.1% market share. Europe Most countries' markets in the European Union are dominated by Google, except for the Czech Republic, where Seznam is a strong competitor. The search engine Qwant is based in Paris, France, where it attracts most of its 50 million monthly registered users from. Search engine bias Although search engines are programmed to rank websites based on some combination of their popularity and relevancy, empirical studies indicate various political, economic, and social biases in the information they provide and the underlying assumptions about the technology. These biases can be a direct result of economic and commercial processes (e.g., companies that advertise with a search engine can become also more popular in its organic search results), and political processes (e.g., the removal of search results to comply with local laws). For example, Google will not surface certain neo-Nazi websites in France and Germany, where Holocaust denial is illegal. Biases can also be a result of social processes, as search engine algorithms are frequently designed to exclude non-normative viewpoints in favor of more "popular" results. Indexing algorithms of major search engines skew towards coverage of U.S.-based sites, rather than websites from non-U.S. countries. Google Bombing is one example of an attempt to manipulate search results for political, social or commercial reasons. Several scholars have studied the cultural changes triggered by search engines, and the representation of certain controversial topics in their results, such as terrorism in Ireland, climate change denial, and conspiracy theories. Customized results and filter bubbles There has been concern raised that search engines such as Google and Bing provide customized results based on the user's activity history, leading to what has been termed echo chambers or filter bubbles by Eli Pariser in 2011. The argument is that search engines and social media platforms use algorithms to selectively guess what information a user would like to see, based on information about the user (such as location, past click behaviour and search history). As a result, websites tend to show only information that agrees with the user's past viewpoint. According to Eli Pariser users get less exposure to conflicting viewpoints and are isolated intellectually in their own informational bubble. Since this problem has been identified, competing search engines have emerged that seek to avoid this problem by not tracking or "bubbling" users, such as DuckDuckGo. However many scholars have questioned Pariser's view, finding that there is little evidence for the filter bubble. On the contrary, a number of studies trying to verify the existence of filter bubbles have found only minor levels of personalisation in search, that most people encounter a range of views when browsing online, and that Google news tends to promote mainstream established news outlets. Religious search engines The global growth of the Internet and electronic media in the Arab and Muslim World during the last decade has encouraged Islamic adherents in the Middle East and Asian sub-continent, to attempt their own search engines, their own filtered search portals that would enable users to perform safe searches. More than usual safe search filters, these Islamic web portals categorizing websites into being either "halal" or "haram", based on interpretation of the "Law of Islam". ImHalal came online in September 2011. Halalgoogling came online in July 2013. These use haram filters on the collections from Google and Bing (and others). While lack of investment and slow pace in technologies in the Muslim World has hindered progress and thwarted success of an Islamic search engine, targeting as the main consumers Islamic adherents, projects like Muxlim, a Muslim lifestyle site, did receive millions of dollars from investors like Rite Internet Ventures, and it also faltered. Other religion-oriented search engines are Jewogle, the Jewish version of Google, and SeekFind.org, which is Christian. SeekFind filters sites that attack or degrade their faith. Search engine submission Web search engine submission is a process in which a webmaster submits a website directly to a search engine. While search engine submission is sometimes presented as a way to promote a website, it generally is not necessary because the major search engines use web crawlers that will eventually find most web sites on the Internet without assistance. They can either submit one web page at a time, or they can submit the entire site using a sitemap, but it is normally only necessary to submit the home page of a web site as search engines are able to crawl a well designed website. There are two remaining reasons to submit a web site or web page to a search engine: to add an entirely new web site without waiting for a search engine to discover it, and to have a web site's record updated after a substantial redesign. Some search engine submission software not only submits websites to multiple search engines, but also adds links to websites from their own pages. This could appear helpful in increasing a website's ranking, because external links are one of the most important factors determining a website's ranking. However, John Mueller of Google has stated that this "can lead to a tremendous number of unnatural links for your site" with a negative impact on site ranking. Comparison to social bookmarking Technology Archie The first web search engine was Archie, created in 1990 by Alan Emtage, a student at McGill University in Montreal. The author originally wanted to call the program "archives", but had to shorten it to comply with the Unix world standard of assigning programs and files short, cryptic names such as grep, cat, troff, sed, awk, perl, and so on. The primary method of storing and retrieving files was via the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). This was (and still is) a system that specified a common way for computers to exchange files over the Internet. It works like this: Some administrator decides that he wants to make files available from his computer. He sets up a program on his computer, called an FTP server. When someone on the Internet wants to retrieve a file from this computer, he or she connects to it via another program called an FTP client. Any FTP client program can connect with any FTP server program as long as the client and server programs both fully follow the specifications set forth in the FTP protocol. Initially, anyone who wanted to share a file had to set up an FTP server in order to make the file available to others. Later, "anonymous" FTP sites became repositories for files, allowing all users to post and retrieve them. Even with archive sites, many important files were still scattered on small FTP servers. These files could be located only by the Internet equivalent of word of mouth: Somebody would post an e-mail to a message list or a discussion forum announcing the availability of a file. Archie changed all that. It combined a script-based data gatherer, which fetched site listings of anonymous FTP files, with a regular expression matcher for retrieving file names matching a user query. (4) In other words, Archie's gatherer scoured FTP sites across the Internet and indexed all of the files it found. Its regular expression matcher provided users with access to its database. Veronica In 1993, the University of Nevada System Computing Services group developed Veronica. It was created as a type of searching device similar to Archie but for Gopher files. Another Gopher search service, called Jughead, appeared a little later, probably for the sole purpose of rounding out the comic-strip triumvirate. Jughead is an acronym for Jonzy's Universal Gopher Hierarchy Excavation and Display, although, like Veronica, it is probably safe to assume that the creator backed into the acronym. Jughead's functionality was pretty much identical to Veronica's, although it appears to be a little rougher around the edges. The Lone Wanderer The World Wide Web Wanderer, developed by Matthew Gray in 1993 was the first robot on the Web and was designed to track the Web's growth. Initially, the Wanderer counted only Web servers, but shortly after its introduction, it started to capture URLs as it went along. The database of captured URLs became the Wandex, the first web database. Matthew Gray's Wanderer created quite a controversy at the time, partially because early versions of the software ran rampant through the Net and caused a noticeable netwide performance degradation. This degradation occurred because the Wanderer would access the same page hundreds of times a day. The Wanderer soon amended its ways, but the controversy over whether robots were good or bad for the Internet remained. In response to the Wanderer, Martijn Koster created Archie-Like Indexing of the Web, or ALIWEB, in October 1993. As the name implies, ALIWEB was the HTTP equivalent of Archie, and because of this, it is still unique in many ways. ALIWEB does not have a web-searching robot. Instead, webmasters of participating sites post their own index information for each page they want listed. The advantage to this method is that users get to describe their own site, and a robot does not run about eating up Net bandwidth. The disadvantages of ALIWEB are more of a problem today. The primary disadvantage is that a special indexing file must be submitted. Most users do not understand how to create such a file, and therefore they do not submit their pages. This leads to a relatively small database, which meant that users are less likely to search ALIWEB than one of the large bot-based sites. This Catch-22 has been somewhat offset by incorporating other databases into the ALIWEB search, but it still does not have the mass appeal of search engines such as Yahoo! or Lycos. Excite Excite, initially called Architext, was started by six Stanford undergraduates in February 1993. Their idea was to use statistical analysis of word relationships in order to provide more efficient searches through the large amount of information on the Internet. Their project was fully funded by mid-1993. Once funding was secured. they released a version of their search software for webmasters to use on their own web sites. At the time, the software was called Architext, but it now goes by the name of Excite for Web Servers. Excite was the first serious commercial search engine which launched in 1995. It was developed in Stanford and was purchased for $6.5 billion by @Home. In 2001 Excite and @Home went bankrupt and InfoSpace bought Excite for $10 million. Some of the first analysis of web searching was conducted on search logs from Excite Yahoo! In April 1994, two Stanford University Ph.D. candidates, David Filo and Jerry Yang, created some pages that became rather popular. They called the collection of pages Yahoo! Their official explanation for the name choice was that they considered themselves to be a pair of yahoos. As the number of links grew and their pages began to receive thousands of hits a day, the team created ways to better organize the data. In order to aid in data retrieval, Yahoo! (www.yahoo.com) became a searchable directory. The search feature was a simple database search engine. Because Yahoo! entries were entered and categorized manually, Yahoo! was not really classified as a search engine. Instead, it was generally considered to be a searchable directory. Yahoo! has since automated some aspects of the gathering and classification process, blurring the distinction between engine and directory. The Wanderer captured only URLs, which made it difficult to find things that were not explicitly described by their URL. Because URLs are rather cryptic to begin with, this did not help the average user. Searching Yahoo! or the Galaxy was much more effective because they contained additional descriptive information about the indexed sites. Lycos At Carnegie Mellon University during July 1994, Michael Mauldin, on leave from CMU, developed the Lycos search engine. Types of web search engines Search engines on the web are sites enriched with facility to search the content stored on other sites. There is difference in the way various search engines work, but they all perform three basic tasks. Finding and selecting full or partial content based on the keywords provided. Maintaining index of the content and referencing to the location they find Allowing users to look for words or combinations of words found in that index. The process begins when a user enters a query statement into the system through the interface provided. There are basically three types of search engines: Those that are powered by robots (called crawlers; ants or spiders) and those that are powered by human submissions; and those that are a hybrid of the two. Crawler-based search engines are those that use automated software agents (called crawlers) that visit a Web site, read the information on the actual site, read the site's meta tags and also follow the links that the site connects to performing indexing on all linked Web sites as well. The crawler returns all that information back to a central depository, where the data is indexed. The crawler will periodically return to the sites to check for any information that has changed. The frequency with which this happens is determined by the administrators of the search engine. Human-powered search engines rely on humans to submit information that is subsequently indexed and catalogued. Only information that is submitted is put into the index. In both cases, when you query a search engine to locate information, you're actually searching through the index that the search engine has created —you are not actually searching the Web. These indices are giant databases of information that is collected and stored and subsequently searched. This explains why sometimes a search on a commercial search engine, such as Yahoo! or Google, will return results that are, in fact, dead links. Since the search results are based on the index, if the index has not been updated since a Web page became invalid the search engine treats the page as still an active link even though it no longer is. It will remain that way until the index is updated. So why will the same search on different search engines produce different results? Part of the answer to that question is because not all indices are going to be exactly the same. It depends on what the spiders find or what the humans submitted. But more important, not every search engine uses the same algorithm to search through the indices. The algorithm is what the search engines use to determine the relevance of the information in the index to what the user is searching for. One of the elements that a search engine algorithm scans for is the frequency and location of keywords on a Web page. Those with higher frequency are typically considered more relevant. But search engine technology is becoming sophisticated in its attempt to discourage what is known as keyword stuffing, or spamdexing. Another common element that algorithms analyze is the way that pages link to other pages in the Web. By analyzing how pages link to each other, an engine can both determine what a page is about (if the keywords of the linked pages are similar to the keywords on the original page) and whether that page is considered "important" and deserving of a boost in ranking. Just as the technology is becoming increasingly sophisticated to ignore keyword stuffing, it is also becoming more savvy to Web masters who build artificial links into their sites in order to build an artificial ranking. Modern web search engines are highly intricate software systems that employ technology that has evolved over the years. There are a number of sub-categories of search engine software that are separately applicable to specific 'browsing' needs. These include web search engines (e.g. Google), database or structured data search engines (e.g. Dieselpoint), and mixed search engines or enterprise search. The more prevalent search engines, such as Google and Yahoo!, utilize hundreds of thousands computers to process trillions of web pages in order to return fairly well-aimed results. Due to this high volume of queries and text processing, the software is required to run in a highly dispersed environment with a high degree of superfluity. Another category of search engines is scientific search engines. These are search engines which search scientific literature. The best known example is Google Scholar. Researchers are working on improving search engine technology by making them understand the content element of the articles, such as extracting theoretical constructs or key research findings. See also References Further reading Bing Liu (2007), Web Data Mining: Exploring Hyperlinks, Contents and Usage Data. Springer, Bar-Ilan, J. (2004). The use of Web search engines in information science research. ARIST, 38, 231–288. External links Search engine software History of the Internet Internet terminology Computer-related introductions in 1993 Canadian inventions	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search%20engine
Tous contre un was a daily quiz show, broadcast live on Télé-Québec in Canada from September 2001 to March 2003. It was hosted by Marc-André Coallier. Contestants had to answer questions based on the day's current news. Television viewers could also play on the Internet (in sync with the studio game) and win prizes. The final game of each program pitted the studio winner against 10 Internet contestants. The program's chief innovation was its proprietary computer system which allowed a perfect synchronisation between questions displayed on the television screen and on the Internet players' display screens. The program was produced by Groupe Tele-Vision Inc. and was created by Eric F. Lemieux and Daniel Cormier. References Television shows filmed in Quebec 2000s Canadian game shows 2001 Canadian television series debuts 2003 Canadian television series endings Télé-Québec original programming	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tous%20contre%20un
Warcon Enterprises was a New York City based independent record label focusing on mostly post-hardcore, started by Bob Chiappardi of Concrete Marketing and Kevin Lyman, the founder of Warped Tour, in 2004. Warcon was a sponsor of the Rockstar Taste of Chaos tour. Warcon was distributed through Alternative Distribution Alliance and Fontana Distribution, and operated as the distributor of UK label Demolition Records in the United States starting in August 2006. Warcon signed contracts with artists which included integration of merchandise and marketing along with distribution of albums. Among its signatories were Helmet and My American Heart. It also released the soundtrack to the film Saw III. Warcon Enterprises closed its doors in late 2008. There were several attempts to re-finance the label which failed. Jim Chambers (GM), Stu Fine (President), Kyle Roeger (Head of new Media), and Hadley Poole (Head of PR/Video) were all that were left in the end. Each was laid off except Chambers, who remained to handle logistical problems. Artists Adair Bleed the Dream Dir En Grey Duck Duck Goose Guantanamo Helmet My American Heart Night Kills the Day Opiate for the Masses The SmashUp Street Drum Corps Compilation albums The Best of Taste of Chaos The Best of Taste of Chaos Two. Taste of Christmas Saw III Soundtrack References External links Official site Record labels established in 2004 American independent record labels Hardcore record labels	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warcon%20Enterprises
Atmoda ('Awakening' in Latvian) was a weekly newspaper in Latvian SSR and Latvia issued from December 1988 to April 1992. It was published by the Popular Front of Latvia (PFL) and was the first independent, opposition paper in the Latvian SSR. The name of the newspaper is a reference to Latvian revival movements known as the Latvian National Awakenings. For most of its run, the chief editor of Atmoda was journalist Elita Veidemane, and its editorial policy was independent from the PFL leadership. The newspaper was issued in the Latvian and Russian languages, with the English edition Awakening being published every month. Initially issued under the same name (), in 1990 the Russian edition was renamed to Baltijskoje vremja (, 'The Baltic Times'). Many Russian people of culture and science in Latvia supported the PFL. The newspaper was popular not only in Latvia, but among the population of the Soviet Union, and the Russian edition peaked at 80,000 in circulation. The Latvian and Russian editions had a total print run of 165,000 in 1989. Atmoda, as a token of recognition of rights of Russians by PFL, was a ground of insinuations by competing more radical nationalist political parties, such as Latvian National Independence Movement, that PFL was ridden with Moscow KGB spies to control the national movement in Latvia. In January 1991, Communist functionaries occupied the national print house claiming it was party property, and Atmoda had to be printed in Šiauliai. Both foreign-language editions were discontinued in 1992. In 1993, a dispute erupted about the fate of mass media in the new independent state. PFL wanted to see Atmoda as an organ of party, while journalists stood on freedom of the press. This resulted in a court suit for the division of assets and the appearance of various splinter newspapers and magazines, notably Atmoda Atpūtā led by Veidemane which was published until 1996. The last issue of Atmoda was published on April 7, 1992, although the information bulletin version of the paper was issued by the PFL until 1994. References Bruce J. Evensen, The Role of Mass Media in a Newly Emerging Democracy: The Latvian Case Study, 1994 AEJMC Proc. pp. 47–71. http://www.latvija20gadsimts.lv/apkopojums/notikumu-hronologija/tresa-atmoda/ 1988 establishments in the Soviet Union 1992 disestablishments in Latvia Defunct newspapers published in Latvia Defunct weekly newspapers Latvian-language newspapers Newspapers established in 1988 Publications disestablished in 1992 Russian-language newspapers published in Latvia 1988 establishments in Latvia	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmoda
Oziel Hlalele Motaung was a member of the Pan-African Parliament and minister of sports and agriculture from Lesotho. References Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Lesotho Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Place of birth missing (living people)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oziel%20Hlalele%20Motaung
Malebaka Flory Bulane is a member of the Pan-African Parliament from Lesotho. References Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Lesotho Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Place of birth missing (living people)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malebaka%20Flory%20Bulane
Letuka Nkole is a member of the Pan-African Parliament from Lesotho. References Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Lesotho Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Place of birth missing (living people)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letuka%20Nkole
Nedim C. Buyukmihci is an American doctor of veterinary medicine, specializing in veterinary ophthalmology, and founder of the Association of Veterinarians for Animal Rights. A leading figure within the animal rights movement, he is an outspoken critic of scientific testing on animals. He is a professor emeritus of ophthalmology at the University of California, Davis' School of Veterinary Medicine, having retired in 2003. Buyukmihci founded the Association of Veterinarians for Animal Rights in 1981 with fellow veterinarian physician Neil Wolff. Buyukmihci joined the staff of the University of California, Davis in 1979, almost immediately conflicting with the School of Veterinary Medicine administration with his opposition to the use of shelter animals as test subjects for surgery practice. He retired from the university in the spring of 2003, retaining his emeritus professorship. In August 2003, he took up a position as director of the Animal Protection Institute's primate sanctuary for non-human primates in Dilley, Texas. He is a diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists. His sister Nermin founded America's first cruelty-free vegan store, Nermin's Dry Goods, in the late 1970s. They were the two children of Hope Sawyer Buyukmihci of the Unexpected Wildlife Refuge, which was frequently featured in Ahimsa, a publication of the American Vegan Society. See also List of animal rights advocates Notes American animal rights activists American veterinarians American veganism activists Anti-vivisectionists Living people Male veterinarians Year of birth missing (living people)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ned%20Buyukmihci
Heroic virtue is the translation of a phrase coined by Augustine of Hippo to describe the virtue of early Christian martyrs. The phrase is used by the Roman Catholic Church. The Greek pagan term hero described a person with possibly superhuman abilities and great goodness. "[I]t connotes a degree of bravery, fame, and distinction which places a man high above his fellows". The term was later applied to other highly virtuous people who do extraordinary good works. In Catholicism Heroic virtue of a person is one of the requirements for his or her beatification. The view of the Catholic Church is explained in an article by J. Wilhelm in the 1910 Catholic Encyclopedia: Wilhelm explains that heroic virtue, as a concept within Christian ethics, is characterized by the embodiment of the cardinal and theological virtues. These virtues encompass faith, hope, and charity, with Divine charity being paramount. Faith, fundamental to the Christian ethos, bridges the connection to the divine. It initiates a supernatural life and is revealed through actions. Good works, including adhering to Divine commands, prayer, Church devotion, the fear of God, the abhorrence of sin, penance for sins committed, and patience in adversity, illustrate faith's vitality. Such actions become heroic when sustained unwaveringly over time or in arduous conditions. Hope, a firm trust in God's benevolence in providing eternal life, attains heroism through unswerving confidence in divine assistance amid life's challenges. Sacrificing worldly gains for heavenly fulfillment underscores the heroic aspect of hope. Charity, an affectionate love for God, culminates in unity and participation in God's life (beatific vision). This love extends to neighbors, recognizing God's image in them. Serving others becomes akin to serving God. Christ's injunction to love God and neighbor underscores this virtue's significance. Prudence, the ability to discern proper desires and actions, reaches heroism through divine guidance. Justice, granting each their due, is exemplified by acts like self-sacrifice and obedience. Fortitude, overcoming obstacles in fulfilling duty, achieves heroic heights when surmounting seemingly insurmountable challenges. Temperance, restraint against wrongful passions, encompasses such facets as propriety, modesty, abstinence, chastity, and sobriety. Notably, every virtuous act reflects elements of all virtues, unified by divine inspiration. In summary, heroic virtue is marked by the cardinal and theological virtues, encompassing faith's foundational role, hope's resilient trust, and divine charity's boundless love. Prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance further contribute to the virtuous life. Virtuous acts, inspired by the divine, exhibit unity in their diverse expressions. References External links Catholic Encyclopedia "Heroic Virtue" Beatifications Virtue	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroic%20virtue
Wellington Football Club are a football club based in the village of Wellington, Herefordshire, England. The club is affiliated to the Herefordshire County FA. They were re-formed in 1968. In the 2003–04 season, they reached the third round of the FA Vase. They are currently members of the , but resigned before the 2021–22 season. Although officially named simply Wellington F.C., the county in which they play is sometimes appended to their name to differentiate them from the similarly named Wellington A.F.C. based in Somerset. History The club was originally re-formed in 1968 as a youth side, playing on a pitch which had been loaned to them by a local farmer and changing in the village hall. The first league the club entered was Division 3 of the Herefordshire Football League. In 1978 the club moved to a new village playing field and, following the building of new wooden changing rooms in 1981, was invited into the Herefordshire League Premier Division. The club has won the championship of this league on seven occasions, the most recent three times by the reserve team following the promotion up the pyramid of the first team. In the mid-90s extensive improvement work was carried out on the facilities at the Playing Fields and, following a Herefordshire Premier League and Cup double in 1996–97, the club successfully applied to join the West Midlands (Regional) League. In their second season they finished champions of Division 1 South and also won the League Cup, but were not promoted to the Premier Division as their ground did not yet meet the requirements for that level of football. In 1999–2000 the team finished second and retained the league cup and, following a fund raising drive, further ground improvements were made which allowed the club to be promoted to the Premier Division where they remain to this day, achieving their highest ever finish in the 2004–05 season in 5th place. In the 2008–09 season the team finally achieved the goal of winning the HFA County Cup, beating Westfields at Hereford United's ground, Edgar Street. In the same season the U18 team won the HFA "Giant Killers" Cup and the Colts team the HFA Junior Cup. The club have entered the FA Vase since 2002–03, with their best performance coming in 2003–04 when they reached the third round (last 64). In 2007–08 they were accepted into the FA Cup for the first time, beating Coleshill Town after a replay in the Extra-Preliminary Round before losing to Rocester in the preliminary round. Club records Best league performance: 5th in West Midlands (Regional) League Premier Division, 2004–05 Best FA Cup performance: Preliminary Round, 2007–08 Best FA Vase performance: 3rd round, 2003–04 References Sources External links www.wellingtonfc.co.uk Football clubs in Herefordshire Association football clubs established in 1968 1968 establishments in England West Midlands (Regional) League Football clubs in England Herefordshire Football League Hellenic Football League	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellington%20F.C.%20%28Herefords%29
Thabang Nyeoe is a member of the Pan-African Parliament from Lesotho. In 2006 Nyeoe founded the Basotho Democratic National Party (BDNP), promising to improve the quality of life for residents. However his party only won 1 out of 120 seats. References Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Lesotho Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Place of birth missing (living people)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thabang%20Nyeoe
The Kadowaki–Woods ratio is the ratio of A, the quadratic term of the resistivity and γ2, the linear term of the specific heat. This ratio is found to be a constant for transition metals, and for heavy-fermion compounds, although at different values. In 1968 M. J. Rice pointed out that the coefficient A should vary predominantly as the square of the linear electronic specific heat coefficient γ; in particular he showed that the ratio A/γ2 is material independent for the pure 3d, 4d and 5d transition metals. Heavy-fermion compounds are characterized by very large values of A and γ. Kadowaki and Woods showed that A/γ2 is material-independent within the heavy-fermion compounds, and that it is about 25 times larger than in aforementioned transition metals. According to the theory of electron-electron scattering the ratio A/γ2 contains indeed several non-universal factors, including the square of the strength of the effective electron-electron interaction. Since in general the interactions differ in nature from one group of materials to another, the same values of A/γ2 are only expected within a particular group. In 2005 Hussey proposed a re-scaling of A/γ2 to account for unit cell volume, dimensionality, carrier density and multi-band effects. In 2009 Jacko, Fjaerestad, and Powell demonstrated fdx(n)A/γ2 to have the same value in transition metals, heavy fermions, organics and oxides with A varying over 10 orders of magnitude, where fdx(n) may be written in terms of the dimensionality of the system, the electron density and, in layered systems, the interlayer spacing or the interlayer hopping integral. See also Wilson ratio References Correlated electrons Condensed matter physics Fermions	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadowaki%E2%80%93Woods%20ratio
William A. Bottrell (born October 27, 1952) is an American record producer and songwriter. He has collaborated with Michael Jackson, Madonna, Electric Light Orchestra and Sheryl Crow. Biography Between 1967 and 1970, Bottrell attended Crescenta Valley Senior High in La Crescenta, California, he spent his junior year (1968–1969) at The Frankfurt International School in Oberursel, West Germany. He graduated in 1970 from Crescenta Valley Senior High. He attended the University of California, Santa Barbara between 1970 and 1972, studying for a bachelor's degree in music. In 1974, he married Elizabeth Jordan, whom he met in high school. That same year, Bottrell got his first job in music, as an engineer at California Recording Studio in Hollywood. In 1978, he moved over to Soundcastle Studios in Silverlake, where he met Jeff Lynne, who eventually hired him to engineer for ELO. In 1979 his daughter Adrianne was born. The 1980s were spent freelance engineering between Europe and Los Angeles, with clients including: The Jacksons, ELO, Michael Jackson, Madonna, George Harrison, Starship and Tom Petty. Daughter Laura was born in 1983. He worked for Michael Jackson at his house in Encino between 1983 and 1986, recording tracks for Bad. In 1988, Bottrell co-produced his first record, Aliens Ate My Buick by Thomas Dolby. In 1989, Michael Jackson asked him to co-produce, engineer and write songs for his album Dangerous, co-writing and rapping on the album's biggest hit, "Black or White". The song spent 7 weeks at number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in the fall of 1991. Bottrell's son William was born under difficult circumstances in 1990. That year, Bottrell built his own recording studio, Toad Hall Studio, next door to the Pasadena Playhouse in Pasadena, California and founded a weekly jam session called the "Tuesday Night Music Club". One of the resulting acts was Sheryl Crow, whose 1993 debut album (produced and co-written by Bottrell) was entitled Tuesday Night Music Club. Her single "All I Wanna Do" from that album won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year at the 37th Annual awards in 1994 for Bottrell and Crow. The album won two additional Grammys and sold 3.8 million in the US. Bottrell was nominated for another Grammy for his work on Shelby Lynne's 1999 breakout album, I Am Shelby Lynne. During the making of that album, he closed his recording studio and moved his family of five to Northern California. His son William died after falling off a cliff in 1998. He was separated from Elizabeth that year and divorced in 2000. Discography 1981: Hold On Tight – Electric Light Orchestra 1983: Northbound – Northbound 1983: Secret Messages – Electric Light Orchestra 1984: Victory – The Jacksons 1986: Balance of Power – Electric Light Orchestra 1987: Bad – Michael Jackson 1988: Aliens Ate My Buick – Thomas Dolby 1988: Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1 – Traveling Wilburys 1988: Streetwalker – Michael Jackson (released 2001) 1989: Like a Prayer – Madonna 1989: Full Moon Fever – Tom Petty 1989: Monkey Business – Michael Jackson (released 2004) 1990: I'm Breathless: Music from and Inspired by the Film Dick Tracy – Madonna 1990: Toy Matinee – Toy Matinee 1991: Truth or Dare – Madonna 1991: Dangerous – Michael Jackson 1991: Black Or White – Michael Jackson 1991: Give In To Me – Michael Jackson 1991: Who Is It – Michael Jackson 1991: No Soul No Strain – Wire Train 1992: Triage – David Baerwald 1993: Tuesday Night Music Club – Sheryl Crow 1994: When I Woke – Rusted Root 1995: Earth Song – Michael Jackson 1995: In Flight – Linda Perry 1997: Restless Heart – Tex Beaumont 1999: I Am Shelby Lynne – Shelby Lynne 2000: Surrender – Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers 2000: "For Real – Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers (Released in 2019) 2000: The House We Built – Alisha's Attic 2001: Songs from the West Coast – Elton John 2000: Welcome to my Party – Rusted Root 2002: Class of Dude – The Stokemen 2002: Rise – Kim Richey 2003: Free – Luan Parle 2004: Liam Titcomb – Liam Titcomb 2004: Benji Hughes – Benji Hughes (unreleased) 2004: The Battle for Everything – Five for Fighting 2005: Annie Stela – Annie Stela 2005: Sierra Swan – Sierra Swan 2005: Black Cadillac – Rosanne Cash 2006: Save Me From Myself – Christina Aguilera 2006: Bird On A Wire – Toby Lightman 2006: On The Jungle Floor – Van Hunt 2007: Ex-Sensitive – Ben Jelen 2008: Detours'' – Sheryl Crow References External links Bill Bottrell Music MySpace Bill Bottrell Unofficial Italian Website Tuesday Night Music Club – Unofficial Italian Website (new version) 1952 births Living people Songwriters from California Record producers from California Grammy Award winners University of California, Santa Barbara alumni	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Bottrell
This is a list of ministers of ecclesiastical affairs of Denmark since the establishment of the Ministry for Ecclesiastical Affairs in 1916. List of ministers since 1916 \|- ! colspan=9\| No Danish government in between and . Office is assumed by the permanent secretary. Notes References Tidligere kirkeministre. Ministry for Ecclesiastical Affairs of Denmark . Retrieved on 2007-11-25. Ecclesiastical Affairs List	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ministers%20for%20ecclesiastical%20affairs%20of%20Denmark
Khauhelo Deborah Raditapole was a member of the Pan-African Parliament from Lesotho. Raditapole was born in Maseru on 7 August 1938. She had her earlier education in Lesotho, but obtained her Pharmacy degree from Lvov Medical School at Ukraine and completed her higher studies in the US. She worked in a teaching hospital in Tanzania for 10 years as she was denied entry to Lesotho. She returned to Lesotho in 1987 at the invitation of the then Principal Secretary for Health Tom Thabane. She started her political career as a member of the Mabote constituency in 1993 from Basotho Congress Party (BCP). She was deputed the Minister of Health initially and transferred to Ministry of Natural Resources. When she was transferred again in 1996, she resigned her post as a minister, the first of its kind in Lesotho. As a minister, she defined the strategy for AIDS control in 1994 and also credited to have effected Jordan basin project which became Metolong Dam project. Early life Raditapole was born in Maseru on 7 August 1938, her father who was a civil servant. While she completed her high school at Basutoland High School in 1959 in Lesotho, she did her higher education in the Soviet Union. She won a scholarship to her bachelor's degree in pharmacy at Lvov Medical School from 1962–67 and completed her Master's in the US. She was denied entry to Lesotho on the claims that she was trained to make bombs. Along with her other colleagues, she was a refugee in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. She served as an employee of a teaching hospital in Tanzania. She was invited to the country by the then Principal Secretary for Health, Thomas Thabane, who went on to become the Prime Minister of Lesotho. After returning in 1981, she worked in Lesotho Pharmaceutical Corporation. Political career At the end of emergency rule in 1992, Dr. Raditapole was elected into the Basotho Congress Party (BCP) National Executive Committee at the party’s first annual congress. She was the candidate of Mabote constituency in 1993 from BCP and retained the seat until 1998. She was appointed the Minister of Health under the rule of Mokhehle. She was transferred from the Ministry of Health to Ministry of Natural Resources in 1995. She was serving as the Ministry of Natural Resources in 1996 when her ministry position was shuffled. She was not satisfied and resigned the post as a minister, which was uncommon in Lesotho. After resignation, she was tipped to become the next and first female Prime Minister of Lesotho, but her party failed to win majority votes in the following elections. During 2003, she had clashed within the party with the party leader Qhobela winning the case against her in High Court that the party conference she held was not improper. But she went on to become the leader of the party in the annual conference on 28 February 2004. Accolades Raditapole, as the Minister of Health, defined the strategy for AIDS control in 1994, the epidemic that threatened to wipe out many citizens of the country. She was also credited to have effected Jordan basin project which became Metolong Dam project. The project ensured access to clean water to Basotho. She served as a member of the Pan-African Parliament from Lesotho in 2004. References 1938 births Living people Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Lesotho Health ministers of Lesotho Natural resources ministers of Lesotho Basutoland Congress Party politicians People from Maseru Members of the Parliament of Lesotho Women members of the Pan-African Parliament Women government ministers of Lesotho 20th-century women politicians 21st-century women politicians	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khauhelo%20Deborah%20Raditapole
Neil Michael Knight Smith (born 27 July 1967) is a former English cricketer who played in seven One Day Internationals from 1986 to 1996. He then went on to work at Warwick School for boys, Myton Road, Warwick as the Groundsman but has recently semi retired. He is the son of the former England Test captain, M J K Smith. Smith was part of a successful Warwickshire side which won the County Championship under the captaincy of Dermot Reeve in successive seasons in 1994 and 1995. Smith was particularly valuable in one-day cricket, and helped Warwickshire to win the NatWest Trophy in 1989, hitting Simon Hughes for a six in a tense last-over climax in the final. Warwickshire and Smith also won the NatWest Trophy in 1993 and 1995, the Benson and Hedges Cup in 1995, and the Sunday League in 1994 and 1997, the latter when Smith was captain (following his father as Warwickshire captain) and top run-scorer. The highlight of his brief international career comprised his mixed experiences during a match against the United Arab Emirates during the 1996 Cricket World Cup. He won the man of the match award in this fixture, one of only two that England won in a miserable world cup campaign, although he was also forced to retire ill after vomiting while batting. He also opened the batting in the following fixture against the Netherlands and made his highest one-day international score of 31, but his international career ended a few months later. References 1967 births Living people England One Day International cricketers English cricketers Warwickshire cricketers Warwickshire cricket captains Shropshire cricketers Cricketers from Solihull Cricketers from Warwickshire	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil%20Smith%20%28cricketer%2C%20born%201967%29
The Mary Ellis grave is a grave located behind an AMC Theatre on U.S. Route 1 in New Brunswick, Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. The granite gravestone is located on a high stonework pyramid in the back parking lot. Seven relatives are also buried and marked on the grave itself. Mary Ellis, a native of South Carolina, was a property owner and fierce feminist in New Brunswick, noted to even vote in city elections before the right for women to vote was passed. Living on Livingston Avenue, Ellis maintained a garden on her property until a local politician, James Schureman, took the land to build a street on it. In response, she posted a sign on the new Schureman Street calling it "Oppression Street". Historians believed that around 1813, Ellis moved from downtown New Brunswick to a secluded area known as Mount Hemlock, which overlooked the Raritan River. She lived there until her death in 1828. A niece of Ellis' respected her request to be buried on the land of which she lived, overlooking the Raritan River. The choice of Mount Hemlock for Ellis' residence and later burial site is part of local legend. Ellis is believed to have met a sailor who she fell in love with, some day wanting to marry him. Once the sailor departed, she would return to the Raritan River on a knoll for a long time to keep a look out for his return, which would never occur. She continued to stand watch. However, historians have doubted the truth to this story, noting her past as a person who would not waste that kind of time. The band Looking Glass, created of students at Rutgers University, wrote their 1972 song "Brandy (You're a Fine Girl)" with a story similar to Ellis' in terms of a bartender who finds someone she loves but the sailor preferring the sea as his true love. However, the members of the band denied there was any connection between the Ellis story and the song's lyrics. By June 1956, the gravestone had been knocked over into the grounds below, and remained in that location for several years. John E. Burke, who had purchased the property in 1943 and then ran the Raritan Playland Amusement Park on the site, wanted to relocate the graves and gravestone, but declined once he learned that he would be required to contact and obtain written permission from all the families of those buried there before such a move would be permitted. In 1965, with the construction of the Great Eastern Department Store on the site of her former residence, the company constructed a protective wall along the burial site and the toppled gravestone. This new construction created a pit in the parking lot, which soon attracted debris and littering. However, by 1980, Ray Travis and the son of Burke, operating the site as the Route 1 Flea Market since 1975, felt it was time to replace the concrete pit with dirt and move the granite gravestone to ground level. Several local historians were upset by the decision to do this as they were unaware that the move was meant to help preserve, not destroy, the graves. Travis spent more than $1,000 (1980 USD) for eleven truckloads of dirt in order to fill in the fenced grave pit and that he had also planned to landscape the area. On August 16, 1980, a float was run during the Raritan River Festival, commemorating the impact of Mary Ellis in New Brunswick history. Once the Route 1 Flea Market was razed and replaced with a Loews Theatre, the parking lot was re-graded, resulting in the gravestone towering over the parking lot. Mary Ellis Mary Ellis (1750–1828) was a spinster in New Brunswick, New Jersey. According to oral tradition, she was seduced by a sea captain who vowed to return to marry her. He never returned and she would come to the spot where her grave now stands, each day, to look for his ship in the Raritan River in New Brunswick. Additional deceased Mildred Moody (1746–1816) who married Thomas M. Evans Thomas M. Evans (1790–1820) Mary Ellis (1750–1828) Margaret Ellis (1767–1850) who married Anthony Walton White (1750–1803), general of the United States Army Eliza Mary White (1792–1861) who married Thomas M. Evans Elizabeth Margaret Evans (1813–1898) Isabelle Johanna Evans (1815–1901) References External links Cemeteries in Middlesex County, New Jersey Loew's Theatres buildings and structures Buildings and structures in New Brunswick, New Jersey 1828 establishments in New Jersey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Ellis%20grave
Smethwick Rangers Football Club is a football club based in Smethwick, West Midlands, England. They are currently members of the and play at the Trevor Brown Memorial Ground in Boldmere, groundsharing with Boldmere St Michaels. History The club first joined the West Midlands (Regional) League in 1996 under the name Smethwick Rangers, initially playing in Division One South. In their second season in the division they were champions and were promoted to the Premier Division, where they remained until 2006. In 2000 the club changed its name to Warley Rangers after signing a sponsorship deal with Warley Accident Repair Centre. In the same season former Wolverhampton Wanderers player Robbie Dennison served as their player-coach. In 2001 they reverted to their former name, but a year later they changed their name again, this time to Smethwick Sikh Temple. As a predominantly Asian team, they have competed in the UK Asian Football Championships, and in 1994 they played at Villa Park in the final of the Aston Villa Cup, a tournament for local teams hosted by the Premier League club. In 2005 they reverted to the name Smethwick Rangers. After dropping out of the league in 2006 they re-surfaced in the Midland Football Combination in 2008 under the name Smethwick Town, and were subsequently known as AFC Internazionale and AFC Smethwick before reverting to their present name in 2013. In 2010 they switched back to the West Midlands (Regional) League and won promotion twice in three seasons to return to the Premier Division. In 2015 Smethwick Rangers were crowned UK Asian Champions after beating IGFC Singh Sabha Hounslow at Ibrox. In the 2015–16 season Smethwick signed former Dinamo II București player Albert Alexandru, who led the club to the West Midlands (Regional) League Premier Division Cup, beating Wolverhampton Sporting Community 1–0 in the final at Long Lane Park. In the 2016–17 season Smethwick finished runners-up in the West Midlands Regional League Premier Division Cup as they lost to league winners Haughmond 1–0. For the 2017–18 season the club changed its name once more, this time to Smethwick to establish themselves as the number one club from the diverse area of Smethwick. They have also added Ahmed Ali a UEFA B Qualified coach and former Manchester United and England Schoolboy Stephen Cooke to the backroom staff. On 9 September 2017 Smethwick won their first ever game in the FA Vase beating Malvern Town 4–1, Joshua Small, Nathan Stone, Beni Kiembi and Stuart Hillman scoring the goals. In December 2018 Hayden Foote, former assistant manager at Bilston Town was appointed manager alongside Darsh Ram. After a poor start to the season, Foote decided to depart and return to Bilston Town. Grant Joshua was appointed as first team manager with Chris Rabone and Ross Harris coming in as assistant managers. At the end of the 2020–21 season the club were transferred to Division One of the Midland League when the Premier Division of the West Midlands (Regional) League lost its status as a step six division. In 2021, the club was once again renamed, this time to Smethwick Khalsa Football Federation with Manraj Singh Sucha appointed as manager in September, 7 games into the season and staying in charge until May 2023. The team finished the 2021–22 season in 13th position, only losing 3 games from January 2022 onwards. A year later in summer 2022, the club reverted to the name Smethwick Rangers. In 2023, after playing home games at Tividale's The Beeches ground, the club announced a groundsharing agreement with Boldmere St Michaels to play home games at the Trevor Brown Memorial Ground in Boldmere. Club records Best league position: 5th in West Midlands (Regional) League Premier Division, 1998–99 Best FA Cup performance: none Best FA Vase performance: none References External links Football clubs in England Football clubs in the West Midlands (county) Sport in Sandwell Smethwick West Midlands (Regional) League Midland Football League Diaspora association football clubs in England	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smethwick%20Khalsa%20Football%20Federation%20F.C.
Tenants Purchase Scheme (TPS) is a scheme which allows tenants in public housing estates under the Hong Kong Housing Authority to purchase their flats. The price is set to be much lower than the market prices of private flats and Home Ownership Scheme (HOS) owing to the age of flats and restriction on selling. History The Scheme was announced in 1997 and formally launched a year later. It provided an opportunity for at least 250,000 public housing tenants to acquire their flats at affordable prices over a ten-year period with the ultimate aim of achieving 70% home ownership by 2007. In November 2002, in response to a weak property market which was allegedly being distorted by public housing sales schemes, it was decided to terminate the TPS after the sale of the five estates under Phase 6B. The suspension of the HOS was announced at the same time. In June 2004, phase 6A was announced for a total of about 25,000 units: the authority would sell 5,100 flats in Cheung Wah Estate in Fanling in June; flats in Lei Tung Estate, Po Lam Estate and Shan King Estate will be sold in stages by the end of 2004. In May 2005, the Government announced the estates which would be in 6B, the final phase of the Tenants Purchase Scheme. 23,451 flats under the Housing Authority, comprising Cheung Fat Estate in Tsing Yi, Fu Shin Estate in Tai Po, Long Ping Estate in Yuen Long, Nam Cheong Estate in Sham Shui Po, and Tsui Lam Estate in Tseung Kwan O would be set for sale by the end of 2006. See also Right to Buy Scheme, similar public housing scheme in Great Britain References	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenants%20Purchase%20Scheme
Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge of the United States located in western Sweetwater County in the state of Wyoming. It covers 26,400 acres (106 km2) managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, an agency within the U.S. Department of the Interior. The Shoshone people inhabited the region since the year 1300. The name Seedskadee is derived from the Shoshone language word sisk-a-dee-agie, which means "river of the prairie hen". The area was first visited by white explorers in 1811 and was later a crossroads for the Oregon and Mormon Trails; many of the original wagon tracks left by early pioneers can still be seen. The refuge includes 36 miles (56 km) of the Green River, which is a water source for shrubs and cottonwoods in an otherwise arid region. The refuge was established in 1965 to mitigate wildlife habitat loss resulting from the construction of Fontenelle Dam upstream and Flaming Gorge Dam downstream on the Green River. 220 species of birds have been identified on the refuge including migratory bird species that use the refuge for nesting. Trumpeter swans, bald eagles, sage grouse, and numerous species of ducks can be found. Dozens of species of mammals including coyote, porcupine, pronghorn, mule deer, bobcat, and moose are indigenous to the region and are protected under law. The Green river hosts Snake River fine-spotted and Bonneville cutthroat trout, and brown and rainbow trout. Visitors access the refuge by taking Interstate 80 west from Green River, Wyoming, for 6 miles (9.6 km) to Wyoming Highway 372. The entrance is 27 miles (43 km) to the north. See also Cokeville Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, operated as a satellite of Seedskadee NWR References External links Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. National Wildlife Refuges in Wyoming Green River (Colorado River tributary) Protected areas of Sweetwater County, Wyoming Protected areas on the Colorado River Protected areas established in 1965 1965 establishments in Wyoming	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedskadee%20National%20Wildlife%20Refuge
Bara Kaman is the unfinished mausoleum of Ali Adil Shah II in Bijapur, Karnataka in India. Ali Adil Shah of the Adil Shahi dynasty wanted to build a mausoleum of unmatched architectural quality. It was planned that twelve arches would be placed vertically as well as horizontally surrounding the tomb of Ali Adil Shah. However, for unknown reasons the work on the structure was left incomplete: only two arches were raised vertically. Rumour has it that the construction of the mausoleum was stopped because once completed its shadow would touch the Gol Gombaz. Nowadays the remains of the twelve horizontally placed arches can still be seen. The site is managed by the Archaeological Survey of India. The Bara Kaman was built in 1672AD, by Ali Adil Shah II, and was supposed to be the burial mausoleum for the king and his wives. Bara Kaman has the tombs of Ali Adil Shah II, his wife Chand Bibi, his mistresses and his daughters. The architect of Bara Kaman was Malik Sandal. The structure has raised walls in concentric arches. After the arches were erected, the inner arches were toppled, leaving only the outermost arch. No cement was used, instead iron rings were used to hold the stones together. References Tombs in Karnataka Unfinished buildings and structures Buildings and structures in Bijapur district Tourist attractions in Bijapur district	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bara%20Kaman
The bacon and egg pie is a savoury pie consisting of a crust containing bacon, egg and sometimes onion, mushrooms, bell peppers, peas, tomato, fresh herbs and cheese. It is popular in New Zealand. However, bacon and egg pie originated during the Middle Ages in Cornwall and is still a popular pie cooked in Cornish homes today (although rarely found in Cornish bakeries). For many Cornish people, a bacon and egg pie is more of a taste of home than the famous Cornish pasty. Bacon and egg pie may be served with ketchup, which can be combined with Worcestershire sauce and drizzled over the filling before the pie is baked and some versions have a rising agent such as baking powder mixed into the egg to make a fluffier filling. Composition The pie is often constructed with shortcrust pastry or other stable base crust. The crust is usually topped with a pastry lid, but is sometimes left open. A bacon and egg pie differs from a quiche, most notably due to the absence of cheese and milk and the presence of an upper crust. Also the eggs are not beaten and are whole, or at the most yolks pierced. The pie also tends to have a heavier texture and feel, and is generally high in calories. Although the bacon and egg combination is not unique to any country, its use in modern cooking is notable in New Zealand, Canada and Australia. Recipes for it have been found as early as The Experienced English Housekeeper in 1769. See also Cornish pasty List of pies, tarts and flans Quiche Steak and kidney pie References Bacon dishes British pies English cuisine New Zealand pies Savoury pies Australian pies National dishes Egg dishes	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacon%20and%20egg%20pie
Garnet Fredrick Coleman (born September 8, 1961) is an American politician. From 1991 to 2022, he was a member of the Texas House of Representatives for the 147th district, located entirely within Houston and Harris County. Early life and education Coleman was born on September 8, 1961, in Washington, DC and raised in Houston, Texas. His father is John B. Coleman, a Houston doctor. As of 2006, the family of Coleman's father had lived in Houston's Third Ward neighborhood for over 100 years. Coleman graduated from Jack Yates High School in Houston, and the University of Saint Thomas in Houston. Coleman attended Howard University in Washington, D.C. and in 1990 graduated from the University of St. Thomas cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts. He also completed the Harvard University Senior Executive Program for State and Local Government. Political career Coleman was elected to his first term as a state representative in 1991 at age 29. His district includes Downtown Houston, the Hobby Airport area, Midtown Houston, Sagemont, and the Third Ward. Coleman has been named Texas Monthly Ten Best Legislators List on two occasions. Most recently he received the 2005 Reintegration Award presented by Eli Lilly and Company, a national award given in acknowledgment of efforts to increase services and decrease the stigma associated with mental illness. Incident with police officer On July 14, 2015, Coleman was stopped by a police officer for driving 94 miles per hour. Coleman later said of the incident, "He talked to me like I was a child... He was so rude and nasty. Even when he found out I was a legislator, he became more rude and nasty. And I didn't understand why this guy was continuing to go on and on and treat me like a child. And basically like I'm saying is treat me like a boy. I want to be very clear about that." Even so, Coleman was neither issued a citation for speeding nor charged with perjury. However, KHOU and the Houston Chronicle later reported an analysis of the audio from a dashcam recording of Coleman's accusations against the police officer which appeared to show the police officer treating Coleman with respect and Coleman asking for special treatment. Political positions Coleman, in regards to the Third Ward, expressed his opposition to gentrification and a desire to keep the original residents in the neighborhood. Coleman had some control over the Midtown Tax Increment Financing District, which bought land in the Third Ward and enacted deeds restricting what may be done with the land, so that the land could indefinitely be used to house low income residents. In 2009, Coleman said "We learned a lot from the debacle in the Fourth Ward. So it would be stupid not to respond to the negative byproducts of rapid development. We want to find people who will make this community better by becoming part of its fabric, not by changing its fabric." In regards to the Fourth Ward in 2009, Coleman said that it cannot recapture the sense of community that it used to have. Coleman added "the residents got pushed to the suburbs, and the businesses got wiped away." References External links Texas House of Representatives - Garnet Coleman official TX House website Garnet Coleman official campaign website Project Vote Smart - Representative Garnet F. Coleman (TX) profile Follow the Money - Garnet Coleman 2006 2004 2002 2000 1998 campaign contributions Democratic Party members of the Texas House of Representatives 1961 births Living people African-American state legislators in Texas Harvard Kennedy School alumni Howard University alumni University of St. Thomas (Texas) alumni 21st-century American politicians 21st-century African-American politicians 20th-century African-American people	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garnet%20Coleman
The Southern San Luis Valley Railroad is a fallen flag shortline railroad that was located in Southern Colorado. Best known in its final years of operation, it served a connection with the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad at Blanca, Colorado. The diminutive railroad in its final form was approximately in length. During its life freight traffic included farm produce, fertilizer and volcanic scoria (lava rock). The railroad, as it was originally built, was long and besides freight it operated passenger service between Blanca and Jaroso, Colorado, until 1946. The railroad formally ceased all operations December 31, 1996. History The original rail line was incorporated July 3, 1909, as the San Luis Southern Railroad. It was a subsidiary of the Costilla Estates Development Company, whose purpose was to develop farm land in Colorado's San Luis Valley. The railroad's business model was to serve the developing towns and farms set up by the Costilla Estates Development Company, whose business model was dependent on reservoirs it had built filling up with water for irrigation. The reservoirs have never filled up, owing to inadequate rainfall to fill them. Consequently, Costilla Estates never prospered, nor did the San Luis Southern Railroad. On January 6, 1928, the railroad was purchased out of bankruptcy by Charles Boettcher. He reorganized the line on December 13, 1928, as the San Luis Valley Southern Railway. Under Boettcher's leadership, the railroad continued to struggle and its fortunes did not improve substantially. On January 24, 1949, the Boettcher/McLean estates filed a petition before the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to abandon the railroad. The abandonment was hotly contested by interests in the San Luis Valley. As the interested parties were fighting over the abandonment, San Luis Valley businessmen S. Yorimoto and W.W. McClintock were making arrangements to purchase the railroad, which happened two weeks before the abandonment hearing were scheduled. Between 1949 and 1954 there were various machinations and financial arrangements made to keep the railroad afloat. On September 19, 1952, McClintock filed for abandonment of the railroad, however the ICC only granted a partial abandonment on September 24, 1953. McClintock continued to operate the railroad after this ICC decision. McClintock and another San Luis Valley businessman George Oringdulf, decided to reorganize the line and tied up all the railroad's loose ends by purchasing all stock in the company. On December 11, 1953, a new company was organized under Colorado law, and on October 22, 1954, it was granted a Colorado State Corporate Charter under the name Southern San Luis Valley Railroad (SSLV). McClintock and Oringdulph knew their two steam locomotives, #105 and #106, both Consolidation types, purchased from the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad were too costly to maintain. They took the D&RGW steam locomotive tender frame (D&RGW #964) which they had purchased in 1950 and after an abortive attempt at building a locomotive on the tender frame, a successful machine was completed in 1955. It was a strange-looking locomotive they called the D-500. It rolled on standard locomotive tender trucks which were powered by a sprocket and chain drive. Power was from an International Harvester, 1091 cubic inch, UD24 diesel engine. The power went through a Caterpillar hydraulic transmission, which in turn powered an old Euclid truck axle, which transmitted power through sprockets and chains to the axles. The odd locomotive, which resembled a caboose, was built in a cupola style for visibility and to ease the installation of the prime mover. The locomotive was built by SSLV mechanics in Mesita, Colorado. All steam trains on the SSLV ceased operating in 1957. By that time the railroad's traffic base remained close to Blanca, with little traffic originating in Jaroso. On March 15, 1958, the 29 miles of track from McClintock to Jaroso was closed and the rail was sold to the Climax Molybdenum Company. What was left of the SSLV was roughly a stretch south from Blanca. The railroad served Colorado Aggregates Company at McClintock and the Mizokami lettuce packing plant just north of the McClintock wye track. This became the status quo for the railroad until the closing of the Mizokami lettuce plant in the late 1970s and then the subsequent sale of the SSLV to the Hecla Mining Company. In 1977 the SSLV purchased a second locomotive, a Plymouth ML8 (builder #4161) purchased from Utah Power and Light Company. The gasoline engine in the locomotive was defective and was removed in 1980 so a Caterpillar diesel engine could be installed in its place. The swap was never completed, however, and the locomotive sits derelict without an engine. The railroad owned various locomotives over the years. They include: #100 and #101 both Brooks 4-6-0 locomotives, bought used From Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway; #102 (2-6-0) built by Baldwin, bought new by the San Luis Southern; #103(DRGW 657), #104(DRGW 633), #105(DRGW 688), and #106(DRGW 683), all C-28's (2-8-0) purchased from the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad. The railroad also operated a motorcar, built by Winter-Weiss in 1924, that was originally numbered the M-3, then renumbered the M300. It sits derelict at the Oklahoma Railway Museum in Oklahoma City. Another piece of SSLV history, steam engine #106, which was restored to its original D&RGW number is on display at the Colorado Railroad Museum. The ICC gave the railroad permission to remove rail in order to maintain operations in 1953, so the railroad was cut back to 1.53 miles from miles in 1959. Some of the remaining track was still in place in 2009. Permian Basin Railroad's San Luis and Rio Grande Railroad purchased what was left in 2007, including the derelict D-500 and Plymouth ML8. In 2008, the SLRG started rebuilding portions of the SSLV trackage for freight car storage and railcar dismantling operations. Notes References External links Picture of the D-500 Rebuilding the SSLV (map: ), Defunct Colorado railroads	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern%20San%20Luis%20Valley%20Railroad
Jessica's Law is the informal name given to a 2005 Florida law, as well as laws in several other states, designed to protect potential victims and reduce a sexual offender's ability to re-offend which includes a mandatory minimum sentence of 25 years in prison and lifetime electronic monitoring when the victim is less than 12 years old. A version of Jessica's Law, known as the Jessica Lunsford Act, was introduced at the federal level in 2005 but was never enacted into law by Congress. The name is also used by the media to designate all legislation and potential legislation in other states modeled after the Florida law. Forty-two states have introduced such legislation since Florida's law was passed. The law is named after Jessica Lunsford, a young Florida girl who was kidnapped, raped, and murdered in February 2005 by John Couey, a previously convicted sex offender. Public outrage over this case spurred Florida officials to introduce this legislation. Among the key provisions of the law was classifying lewd or lascivious molestation on a person under the age of 12 as a life felony, and a mandatory minimum sentence of 25 years in prison and lifetime electronic monitoring of persons 18 and older convicted of lewd or lascivious molestation against a victim less than 12 years old. Lewd or lascivious molestation is defined as "A person who intentionally touches in a lewd or lascivious manner the breasts, genitals, genital area, or buttocks, or the clothing covering them,... or forces or entices a person to so touch the perpetrator." The statute also requires that if an offender is sentenced to a term of years, he or she must be given lifetime probation following the imprisonment. In Florida, another charge, capital sexual battery is defined as: A person 18 years of age or older who commits sexual battery upon, or in an attempt to commit sexual battery injures the sexual organs of, a person less than 12 years of age commits a capital felony. Sexual battery is defined as oral, anal, or vaginal penetration by, or union with, the sexual organ of another or the anal or vaginal penetration of another by any other object, except for bonafide medical purposes. The charge of capital sexual battery carries a mandatory sentence of life in prison without parole. Jessica Lunsford Act The Jessica Lunsford Act ( of the 109th Congress), was a proposed federal law in the United States — modeled after the Florida state law — which, if adopted, would have mandated more stringent tracking of released sex offenders. Bill objectives The bill, if passed, would have greatly reduced federal grant money under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 () and Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 () to any U.S. State that failed to conform its sex offender registration laws to the following: Sex offenders would have been required to wear Global Positioning System devices on their ankles for five years following their release from prison, or for life for those deemed sexual predators, to better enable law enforcement personnel to track their whereabouts. The costs of tracking and monitoring offenders would have been absorbed by each State. States would have been required to mail sex offender registration forms at least twice per year, at random times, to verify registrants' addresses. Any registrants who did not respond within 10 days would have to be considered non-compliant. The bill was introduced by U.S. Republican Congresswoman Ginny Brown-Waite from Florida on April 6, 2005. It had 107 cosponsors and was referred to a subcommittee of the House Judiciary Committee, but it was never voted upon (either by any committee or the full Congress), and it died when the 109th Congress finally adjourned. Impact on offender's family members Advocates for convicted sex offenders claim that the civil rights of convicted persons and their non-offending family members is forever affected, long after the punishment has ended. Internet publication of sex offenders' home addresses continues to be upheld by the court in the name of public safety, although a series of vigilante-type murders in Maine in April 2006 have brought new concerns of misuse of the registry and for the safety of non-offending family members by private parties. Missouri civil rights attorney Arthur Benson currently awaits a decision from the Missouri Supreme Court regarding the Sex Offenders Registration and Notification Act (SORNA) litigation, Jane Doe I, et al. v. Thomas Phillips et al. which "contends the act violates substantive due process rights and equal protection rights because it infringes on fundamental liberty rights, imposes a lifetime stigma, has no express purpose and, even if it serves a compelling interest, is not narrowly tailored or rationally related to that interest. They assert that, if the act is deemed to be criminal in nature, it violates the prohibition against ex post facto laws because it imposes an additional punishment, thereby altering the consequences for a crime for which they already have been sentenced." See also California Proposition 83 (2006) Penile plethysmograph Megan's Law Sarah's Law Clare's Law References Arthur A. Benson II. Jane Doe I, et al. v. Thomas Phillips et al. (Case No. SC86573). May 2006. Carl Jones. "Porn Law Goes Too Far". Daily Business Review. April 10, 2006. Internet Broadcasting Systems and Local6.com. "Groups Propose Tier System For Sex Registry". May 2006. Rebecca Van Drunen. Confederation College. "Outcast Society: A Closer Look at North American Sexual Offenders in the Twenty-First Century". May 5, 2006. Sharon Wilson. "Sex Offenders: The Other Side". Orlando Sentinel. 23 October 2005. External links Full text of the bill: Florida House Bill 1877 The text of the enrolled version of Jessica's Law passed in Florida. Jessie's Dad United States proposed federal criminal legislation Sex laws Sex offender registration Proposed legislation of the 109th United States Congress Sex offender registries in the United States Florida law	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica%27s%20Law
Bewdley Town Football Club is a football club based in Bewdley, Worcestershire, England. They are currently members of the and play at Ribbesford Meadows. History The club was established in 1978 by a merger of Bewdley Old Boys and Woodcolliers. They joined the Kidderminster & District League, where they played until joining Division One South of the West Midlands (Regional) League in 1999. The club were Division One South runners-up in 2001–02 and champions the following season, but were not able to take promotion. League reorganisation saw Bewdley played in Division One for the 2004–05 season and they went on to win the division, taking promotion to the Premier Division after agreeing a groundshare with Stourport Swifts. In 2010–11 the club won the Worcestershire Senior Urn, beating Studley 2–1 in the final. They retained the Urn the following season, beating Alvechurch 3–2 in the final. In 2021 the club were promoted to the Premier Division of the Midland League based on their results in the abandoned 2019–20 and 2020–21 seasons. Ground The club initially played at Gardeners Meadow, which had been the home ground of both Bewdley Old Boys and Woodcolliers. However, after it was sold for housing, the club temporarily moved to Kidderminster before purchasing land to build the Ribbesford Meadow Ground. They were forced to groundshare with Stourport Swifts for the 2005–06 season in order to take promotion to the Premier Division, but returned to Ribbesford Meadow the following season after building a 140-seat stand and erecting floodlights. Honours West Midlands (Regional) League Division One South champions 2002–03 Worcestershire Senior Urn Winners 2010–11, 2011–12 Worcestershire Junior Cup Winners 2003–04, 2004–05 Records Best FA Cup performance: First qualifying round, 2011–12, 2012–13 Best FA Vase performance: Second round, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2020–21 See also References External links Official website Football clubs in England Football clubs in Worcestershire Association football clubs established in 1978 1978 establishments in England Bewdley Kidderminster & District Football League West Midlands (Regional) League Midland Football League	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bewdley%20Town%20F.C.
The First Reformed Church, historically known as the Dutch Reformed Church, is located in New Brunswick, New Jersey on 160 Neilson Street. It is adjacent to the First Reformed Church Cemetery in the churchyard. The education building is located next to the sanctuary building with the street address being 9 Bayard Street. History The congregation was formed in 1717. The church building was constructed in 1812. In 1971 the church was set on fire. Notable burials Jacob Rutsen Hardenbergh, first President of Queen's College (now Rutgers University) Ira Condict, third President of Queen's College (now Rutgers University) Theodore Frelinghuysen, United States Senator from New Jersey, seventh President of Queen's College (now Rutgers University) Gallery References External links Reformed Church in America churches in New Jersey National Register of Historic Places in Middlesex County, New Jersey Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey Historic American Buildings Survey in New Jersey Cemeteries in Middlesex County, New Jersey Churches in New Brunswick, New Jersey 1812 establishments in New Jersey 1717 establishments in New Jersey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20Reformed%20Church%20of%20New%20Brunswick
The Korg MS2000 is a virtual analog synthesizer produced by the Japanese electronic musical instrument manufacturer Korg. History and features The synthesizer was offered as either a 44-key board or as a rack module, the latter being controlled by an external keyboard controller, hardware sequencer or a computer, making use of the system's very complete MIDI implementation. It was intended to bring the sound and basic functionality of the MS-10 and MS-20 back into the keyboard market, but with the updated technology of Virtual Analog Synthesis. The extensive number of onboard knobs and buttons (over 80) could be used to dynamically edit many of the parameters while playing, as well as be used as a control surface for other synthesizers and sound modules. This capability was the attraction of many analog synthesizers of the past and that real-time editability became the cornerstone of contemporary VA synthesizers. At the time of the release of the MS2000, Korg was competing directly with synthesizers such as the Clavia Nord Lead and Roland's JP-8000 and JP-8080. While both of these VA machines were powerful in their own right, they were expensive. Korg had to make some sacrifices to be able to offer the much simpler MS2000 at a more reasonable price. The most prominent limitation was the synthesizer's polyphony of only 4 voices. One feature partially overcame the limited polyphony. If one connected the rack and keyboard together via the MIDI ports, the two devices could be set to produce notes offset to one another, this turning the combined system into a semi-8-voice synthesizer, completely controllable using either of the control surfaces, although it was likely that most players used the keyboard surface as the master control. Synthesis Sounds are initiated in the MS2000 in a somewhat standard synthesizer manner, and then routed in various ways to produce the final sound. All sounds (timbres) in the MS2000 consist of the following steps and path: OSC1/OSC2/NOISE, MIXER, FILTER, AMP, EG, LFO, VIRTUAL PATCH, MOD SEQUENCE, EFFECTS and ARPEGGIATOR. If the voice mode is Single, only TIMBRE 1 will sound. If the voice mode is Dual or Split, both timbres TIMBRE 1 and TIMBRE 2 will sound. TIMBRE 1/2 OSC1/OSC2/NOISE OSC1 (Oscillator 1) allows one to select from eight different oscillator algorithms, including basic analog synthesizer waveforms such as SAW and PWM, Cross Modulation, a Noise Generator, and Korg's proprietary DWGS (Digital Waveform Generator System) originally developed for the Korg DW-8000 synthesizer. The DWGS waveforms allow the creation of bell and electric piano-like sounds. The Noise Generator produces white noise which can be used for sound effects and introducing harmonic distortions to waveforms. An external signal such as a mic, instrument or line input from the AUDIO IN 1/2 jacks can also be processed. OSC2 (Oscillator 2) allows one to select from three types: SAW, SQU, and TRI. It can also be used as an oscillator for Ring Modulation or Sync, which are available as modulation destinations to generate sweep and vintage lead sounds. MIXER Used for adjusting the levels of OSC1, OSC2 and NOISE. The combined signal is then sent to the FILTER. FILTER The FILTER cuts or emphasizes frequency components of the signal from the oscillator, affecting tone and brightness. Three primary types of filtering are available: –12 or –24 dB/oct LPF (Low Pass Filter), –12 dB/oct BPF (Band Pass Filter), or –12 dB/oct HPF (High Pass Filter). Using EG1 to create time-variant changes in cutoff frequency adds a fourth type of filtering. AMP The AMP stage consists of AMP (Amplifier), DIST (Distortion), and PAN (Panpot). AMP sets the volume, and PAN sets the sound's location in the stereo field. Using EG2 can create time-variant changes in volume. Quite harsh tones can be created by turning DIST on, and adjusting the filter cutoff and resonance, higher-pitched rings and tonalities are created with various harmonics layered on. EG1/2 The Envelope Generator applies a time-variant change to each timbre parameter. On the MS2000/MS2000R, there are two standard ADSR envelope generators for each timbre. EG1 is assigned as the envelope source that produces time variant changes in the FILTER cutoff frequency, while EG2 is assigned as the envelope source that produces time variant changes in the AMP volume. The MS2000's VIRTUAL PATCH module can be used to assign EG1 and EG2 to other parameters. LFO 1/2 The LFO (Low Frequency Oscillator) applies cyclic change to sound parameters. The MS2000/MS2000R provides two LFO’s for each timbre, each with four waveforms. LFO1 is assigned as the modulation source for OSC1. LFO2 is assigned as the modulation source for the pitch modulation controlled by the modulation wheel. As with the EG's, VIRTUAL PATCH can be used to assign LFO1 and LFO2 to other parameters. VIRTUAL PATCH VIRTUAL PATCH allows the use of not only EG or LFO, but even keyboard velocity (keyboard playing dynamics) or keyboard tracking (the area of the keyboard that is played) as modulation sources which can be assigned to sound parameters for greater freedom in timbre editing and sound creating. Four routings (combinations) can be specified for each timbre. MOD SEQUENCE MOD SEQUENCE is a step sequencer that lets you apply time-variant change to various sound parameters in a way similar to analog synthesizers of the past. The sixteen knobs on the main panel can be used to set the value of each step and then the sequence is played back. The sound can be further modulated by the arpeggiator and by VIRTUAL PATCH. The knobs can also be operated in realtime, and their movements (parameter values) recorded in each step (Motion Rec function). Since each timbre can have up to three sequences, very complex tonal changes can be obtained. EFFECTS Each program can have a modulation effect, chorus, stereo delay, and equalization. For a modulation-type effect, select from chorus or stereo delay. ARPEGGIATOR The onboard arpeggiator has six types of arpeggio. For a program whose voice mode is Dual/Split, arpeggios can be played on one or both timbres. Since arpeggiator settings can be made for each program, arpeggio types that are suitable for the sound of a particular timbre can be saved and played. Models MS2000/MS2000R. In 2000, Korg introduced the MS2000 and MS2000R, the latter being a rack-mounted version of the MS2000. The MS2000 is a 44-key keyboard with modulation and pitch-bend wheels, two analog inputs and two analog outputs, all via 1/4" TRS connections and MIDI IN, OUT and THRU connections. The case was painted a dark teal blue color and sided with mahogany rails. In addition to its body, the signal path and parameter list was silk-screened on the face (MS2000 model only), a retro nod to analog synthesizers of the 1970s and 1980s. A 19" rack version was simultaneously released, with a designation of "R" added to the name. MS2000B/MS2000BR In 2003, Korg re-released the synthesizer with some minor changes. The new version was dubbed the "MS2000B", the "B" designation given due to its dark grey/black painted body. A few additional patches and demo programs were loaded, but the most significant improvement was the inclusion of a microphone which could be inserted into the new mic input that was added to the top of the keyboard to facilitate easier use of the vocoder. An identically-capable rack version was also released, with the appropriate "R" designation in the name. It did not come equipped with the mic or mic input, but the vocoder could still be used via one of its audio inputs. Specifications and options Tone generation system Analog modeling synthesis system Synth programs: Multi-timbral capability: maximum two timbres (for Split/Dual), 4 voices, 2 oscillators and a noise generator, EG x 2, LFO x 2, virtual patch x 4, MOD sequence (maximum 16 steps x 3) Vocoder programs: 4 voices, 1 oscillator + noise generator, EG x 2, LFO x 2, 16 channel vocoder, adjustable level and pan for each channel, Formant Shift function DWGS (Digital Waveform Generator System) FM Synthesis is also possible via Virtual patching Tone generator 2 Timbres per patch, can mix synthesis types 4 voice, 2 oscillator + noise generator (Single mode) 4 voice, 4 oscillator + 2 noise generator (Dual mode, can also be unison). 4 voice, 4 oscillator split mode 1 voice, 4 oscillator monophonic mode (can be combined with unison) Keyboard (MS2000 only) 44 notes Effects Modulation effect (3 types), delay (3 types), equalizer Arpeggiator 6 types Programmable with sequencer Programs 16 programs x 8 (total 128 programs) Inputs AUDIO IN 1 jack: Input impedance 39 KΩ; Maximum input level: –3.5 [dBu] (AUDIO IN [1/INST] knob: Max); Source impedance 600 Ω AUDIO IN 2 jack (with MIC/LINE switch): AUDIO IN 2 [LINE]: Input impedance 39 KΩ; Maximum input level: –3.5 [dBu] (AUDIO IN [2/VOICE] knob: Max); Source impedance 600 Ω AUDIO IN 2 [MIC]: Input impedance 22 KΩ; Maximum input level: –33 [dBu] (AUDIO IN [2/VOICE] knob: Max); Source impedance 600 Ω Outputs L/MONO, R jacks: Output impedance 1.1 KΩ (MONO: 550 Ω); Maximum output level +6.5 [dBu]; Load impedance 100 KΩ Headphone jack: Output impedance 10 Ω; Maximum output level 35 [mW]; Load impedance 33 Ω Control inputs ASSIGNABLE PEDAL jack ASSIGNABLE SW jack MIDI IN, OUT, THRU connectors Display 16 character (8 ´ 5 pixel) ´ 2 line LCD module (with backlight) Power supply DC 9V, 8 W Dimensions MS2000: 737.8 (W) ´ 371.3 (D) ´ 147.7 (H) mm MS2000R: 482.0 (W) ´ 233.2 (D) ´ 87.1 (H) mm (5U rack space) Weight MS2000: 7.1 kg MS2000R: 2.8 kg Included Items AC adapter (DC9V) Washers ´4, Bushing ´4, Screws ´4 (MS2000R only) Options EXP-2 expression pedal XVP-10 EXP/VOL pedal PS-1 pedal switch DS-1H damper pedal References External links Korg MS2000 2023 Presets (23rd Anniversary refresh) Further reading MS2000 Virtual analog synthesizers Polyphonic synthesizers Digital synthesizers	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korg%20MS2000
San Lorenzo High School, also known as "SLz", is a public high school located in Ashland, California, and is part of the San Lorenzo Unified School District. The school's student body reflects the diversity of its surrounding and nearby communities, namely San Lorenzo, San Leandro, Hayward, and Oakland. As of the 2018-2019 school year, the student demographics are, Hispanic-Latino (62%), followed by Asian (15%), Black (14%), non-Hispanic White (5%), Pacific Islander (2%), American Indian or Alaska Native (less than 1%), and two or more races (2%). Academics San Lorenzo High School includes three academies in partnership with the California Partnership Academies program: Green Engineering and Technology (GREEN) - for students interested in careers in engineering, technology or other ecological or green industries. Law Leadership and Culture (LLC) - for students interested in the law, in how societies and language develop and change over time, and about how students impact the world in a positive way. Bay Area Digital Arts (BADA) - an academy which covers all the regular subjects while teaching skills in digital arts. Students participate in various visual/performing arts classes and their learning is enhanced through creativity. San Lorenzo students are also able to enroll in Advanced Placement and Honors courses such as AP Government, AP Calculus, AP US History, and AP English. Notable alumni Pauline Russo Cutter, Mayor of San Leandro, California Manny Fernandez, former NFL defensive tackle. Two-time Super Bowl champion with the Miami Dolphins Nonito Donaire, boxer, former World Bantamweight Champion John Ralston, College Football Hall of Fame Football Head Coach Steve Smith, singer Jerry Smith, former NFL tight end. Two-time Pro Bowl selection with the Washington Redskins References External links San Lorenzo High School Homepage San Lorenzo Unified School District Homepage "Bay Area isn’t above the Confederacy fray: High school scrubs Rebel mascot" San Francisco Chronicle High schools in Alameda County, California Educational institutions established in 1950 Public high schools in California 1950 establishments in California	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Lorenzo%20High%20School
88 Minutes is a 2007 American thriller film directed by Jon Avnet and starring Al Pacino, Alicia Witt, Leelee Sobieski, William Forsythe, Deborah Kara Unger, Amy Brenneman, Neal McDonough and Benjamin McKenzie. In the film, famed forensic psychiatrist Dr. Jack Gramm (Pacino) is one of the most sought-after profilers in the world. His expert testimony resulted in the conviction of serial killer Jon Forster (McDonough). However, on the eve of Forster's execution, one of Gramm's students is murdered in a vicious copycat crime, and Gramm himself receives an ominous message informing him that he has 88 minutes to live. Filming began in the Vancouver area on October 8, 2005, and wrapped up in December 2005. In 2007 the film was released in various European countries. In May 2007, Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions Group paid $6 million to acquire North American and select international distribution rights of 88 Minutes. The group released the film in the United States theatrically on April 18, 2008, through TriStar Pictures. Plot In 1997, forensic psychiatrist Dr. Jack Gramm testifies at the trial of suspected serial killer Jon Forster, dubbed "The Seattle Slayer" by police. Gramm's testimony and expert psychiatric opinion are crucial in the conviction of Forster for the attempted killing of Janie Cates and the murder of her sister Joanie, who was drugged, hanged upside down and killed after the killer invaded the sisters' apartment. Upon receiving a guilty verdict from the jury, Forster taunts Gramm, saying "Tick-tock, Doc." Nine years later, as Forster's execution date approaches, several similar torture murders occur. Gramm, now teaching at the University of Washington, is questioned by a lawyer from the Attorney General's office as well as FBI Special Agent Frank Parks. The latest victim, Dale Morris, is revealed to be a former psychology student of Gramm's; they attended the same party the night before. On the way to his class, Gramm receives a phone call from someone using a voice changer, informing him that he has 88 minutes to live. He reports the call to his lesbian secretary, Shelly, asking for a risk assessment profile of suspects. Gramm receives another phone threat while teaching and becomes suspicious of his students, particularly Mike Stempt. The dean of students, Carol Johnson, interrupts the class to report a bomb threat. Evacuating, Gramm finds threats written both on the classroom's overhead projector and on his car, which has been vandalized in the parking garage. Gramm is then met by his teaching assistant, Kim Cummings, who offers to help find the perpetrator. In the stairwell, Gramm encounters one of his students, Lauren Douglas, attacked by an unknown assailant and reports the assault to campus security. Gramm and Kim go to his condo, where a package has been delivered. The package contains an audio tape of his kid sister, Kate, crying for help before being murdered. Gramm concludes that someone accessed his secure files to obtain the tape. Kim's ex-husband, Guy LaForge, appears with a gun at the apartment door, but is shot and killed from behind by an assailant masked by a motorcycle helmet. A fire alarm is triggered by the sudden onset of smoke and the shooter flees through the crowd outside. Shortly after, Gramm's car explodes, having been rigged with a bomb. Renting a cab, Gramm explains to Kim that his sister was killed decades earlier, when he left her alone in his apartment; the crime took exactly 88 minutes. Next, Gramm and Kim visit Sara Pollard, a woman Gramm slept with the night before, but find her murdered in her apartment with evidence incriminating Gramm. Carol calls Gramm and makes comments suggesting that she is the killer, demanding that Gramm meet her at his office. Shelly arrives at Sara's apartment and advises Gramm that she suspects Lauren was the one who stole the audio tape of Kate's death. Kim disappears from the apartment and later calls Gramm with a threat similar to Carol's, also demanding he meet her at the office. Through prison visitation records, Gramm deduces that Forster's appeals attorney "Lydia Doherty" is a pseudonym for Lauren, surmising that she set up the frame on orders from Forster. Kim calls again, instructing Gramm to come to another nearby location on campus, where he finds Carol hanging over a seventh floor balcony; Kim is tied up and gagged nearby, held at gun point by Lauren. Lauren forces Gramm to "confess" on tape that he gave false testimony at Forster's trial. Special Agent Parks arrives and shoots Lauren, causing both Carol and Lauren to partially fall from the balcony. Gramm saves Carol from completing the fall, but Lauren comes loose and plummets to her death. When Forster calls asking to speak with Lauren, Gramm informs him of Lauren's death. He quips "Tick-tock, tick-tock, you got 12 hours to live," before throwing the phone into the void. Gramm flashes back to interactions with Kate and Janie Cates, then pockets the device that recorded his "confession". He shares knowing glances with Parks and Kim before walking away. Cast Al Pacino as Dr. Jack Gramm Alicia Witt as Kim Cummings Leelee Sobieski as Lauren Douglas / Lydia Doherty Amy Brenneman as Shelly Barnes William Forsythe as FBI Special Agent Frank Parks Deborah Kara Unger as Carol Johnson Benjamin McKenzie as Mike Stempt Neal McDonough as Jon Forster Leah Cairns as Sara Pollard Stephen Moyer as Guy LaForge Christopher Redman as Jeremy Guber Brendan Fletcher as Johnny D'Franco Michael Eklund as J.T. Rycker Trilby Glover as Defense Attorney Bennett Carrie Genzel as Stephanie Parkman Kristina Copeland as Dale Morris Tammy Hui as Janie Cates Vicky Huang as Joanie Cates Victoria Tennant II as Kate Michal Yannai as Leeza Pearson Paul Campbell as Albert Jackson Reception Box office In its opening weekend, the film grossed $7 million in 2,168 theaters in the United States and Canada, ranking fourth at the box office and averaging $3,209 per theater. In its second weekend, the film grossed $3.6 million and fell to number eight at the box office. The film grossed $17.2 million at the US and Canadian box office and $15.4 million internationally, for a worldwide gross of $32.6 million. Critical response Upon its release, 88 Minutes was universally panned by critics. Rotten Tomatoes reports that 5% of the critics gave the film positive reviews based on 124 reviews, averaging out at a 2.9/10 rating. The critical consensus states: "88 Minutes is a shockingly inept psychological thriller that expertly squanders the talent at hand." The film also has a score of 17 out of 100 on Metacritic, based on 27 critics indicating "Overwhelming dislike". The film was nominated for two Razzie Awards, Worst Actor for Al Pacino (and for Righteous Kill, also directed by Jon Avnet) and Worst Supporting Actress for Leelee Sobieski (and for In the Name of the King), but lost to Mike Myers for The Love Guru and Paris Hilton for Repo! The Genetic Opera respectively. Home media 88 Minutes was released on DVD on September 16, 2008, and sold 220,965 in the opening weekend. As of the seventh week, it has sold about 574,041 units which gathered revenue of $11,150,056 or more than one-third of the budget. Remake In May 2013, Original Entertainment confirmed to have sealed a five-picture deal with Millennium Films to produce Bollywood remakes of Rambo, The Expendables, 16 Blocks, 88 Minutes, and Brooklyn's Finest, with the productions for Rambo and The Expendables expected to start at the end of that year. References External links 2007 films 2007 LGBT-related films 2007 psychological thriller films 2000s American films 2000s Canadian films 2000s English-language films 2000s German films 2000s serial killer films American LGBT-related films American psychological thriller films American serial killer films Canadian psychological thriller films Canadian serial killer films Canadian LGBT-related films English-language Canadian films English-language German films German LGBT-related films German psychological thriller films German serial killer films Lesbian-related films Films about capital punishment Films directed by Jon Avnet Films scored by Edward Shearmur Films set in 1997 Films set in 2006 Films set in Seattle Films shot in Vancouver Films with screenplays by Gary Scott Thompson Nu Image films TriStar Pictures films	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/88%20Minutes
The Queen of Spades () is a 1982 film adaptation of the 1834 Alexander Pushkin short story of the same name. Film is verbatim (including epigraphs) screening of Pushkin's story. Plot In fact, it retains virtually all of the original text of the story. Maslennikov does everything possible to create a “realistic” version of the tale, using costumes which accurately reflect the period, filming exclusively in Sankt-Petersburg, and even limiting his soundtrack to period music (compositions of Dmitry Bortniansky). Even the epigraphs at the beginning of each brief chapter are printed on the screen. In order to hold to Pushkin's text, a narrator (played by Alla Demidova) appears in the streets and salons of St. Petersburg, convincingly telling the story in Pushkin's words. She begins narrating as she opens the door to the dining room of Narumov (played by Konstantin Grigoriev), where several aristocratic guards officers have been playing cards all night. Their game is observed by Hermann/Germann (played by Viktor Proskurin), an officer of the corps of engineers (and thus not of the high aristocratic class of the other officers). He seems fascinated by the card game, and is very attentive to the conversations of the guards officers. Germann is an ethnic German, and seems to fit the Russian stereotype of a thrifty German: he does not gamble because he is not willing to risk losing “that which is necessary in order to gain that which is superfluous.” As the night is coming to an end, one of the officers, Count Pavel (“Paul”) Tomsky (played by Vitaly Solomin) tells a story from the youth of his now aged grandmother, who once gained a huge gambling debt in France, and supposedly approached the mysterious Count Saint-Germain for help. Tomsky goes on to state that the Count gave her a winning card combination, and she won back enough to pay off her gambling debt. Tomsky further states that his grandmother, now in her eighties, refuses to share the secret with anyone in his family. Tomsky gets a bit carried away with his story, saying that Cardinal Richelieu had been madly in love with his grandmother. The famous Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642) was before his grandmother's time, so we can only assume he was referring to the less celebrated Louis-François-Armand du Pless Richelieu (1696-1788), a French marshal and grand-nephew to the renowned Cardinal and statesman. Also, the mention of Count Saint Germain (1710-1784), a mysterious character associated with the occult, makes the story seem a bit fantastic, and the other officers may have taken note of this, but Germann takes the story quite literally. The elderly countess Anna Fedotovna (played by Elena Gogoleva) is attended by a young companion (a “ward,” probably an impoverished distant relative) called Lizaveta Ivanovna (played by Irina Dymchenko), and Germann begins to seek a way to initiate a romance with Lizaveta in order to gain access to the elderly countess and her secret. After negligently causing the death of the countess, Germann is visited by her ghost, who tells him the secret of the 3 cards. Germann is now confidant that he can use the secret to win a fortune. He uses his contacts among the guards officers to gain entrance to the elite card game of Chekalinsky (played by Innokenty Smoktonovsky), where he risks his modest fortune in an attempt to gain fantastic wealth. The German stereotype has been turned inside out - Germann has gone from being sober, hard-working and thrifty to being obsessed with gaining a quick and easy fortune, and this proves to be his undoing. Cast Alla Demidova as the narrator Viktor Proskurin as Herman Irina Dymchenko as Lisa Elena Gogoleva as Countess Vitaly Solomin as Count Tomsky Innokenty Smoktunovsky as Chekalinsky Quotes Igor Maslennikov said about the film: "Queen of Spades" came out in me absolutely by such as I wanted her to see - not only as the motion picture director, but as men with the classical philological education. We brought to the consciousness of a spectator the authentic, true text of this piece of Pushkin, and indeed many receive "Queen of Spades" using the material of Tchaikovsky's opera. There is even guide on Petersburg, in which under the photograph of winter groove stands the signature: "the winter groove, in which was drowned Pushkin's Liza". Here immediately several errors. It suffices to say that anywhere Pushkin does not have any Liza, but Lizaveta Ivanovna, who safely marry... And here these myths we attempted to destroy...". "... most important myth - about Hermann, who by Pushkin not was neither demonic nor romantic hero. This is such kind of nemchik, which in Petersburg there was much - 30% of population. Pushkin irritated all of them, to Hermann he gave the pejorative characteristic: no one of the officers perceived nonsense about the three cards, the very same to this believed; passing by the house of the countess, he saw her niece and began to letter her. But not his own, but he copied pages from the German novels." See also The Queen of Spades (1916 film) The Queen of Spades (1960 film) External links Igor Maslennikov 1982 films 1982 in the Soviet Union 1982 drama films Soviet drama films 1980s Russian-language films Films directed by Igor Maslennikov Films based on The Queen of Spades Lenfilm films Films set in the 1820s Films about gambling 1980s ghost films Films set in Saint Petersburg	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Queen%20of%20Spades%20%281982%20film%29
Austin Chisangu Liato (born 23 August 1965) is a Zambian politician. He served as a member of the National Assembly for Kaoma Central between 2002 and 2011 and as Minister of Labour and Social Security from 2008 until 2011. Biography Prior to entering politics, Liato was an accountant. He was also involved in trade unions and served as president of the Zambia Electricity and Allied Workers Union and Vice-President of the Zambia Congress of Trade Unions. He was the United Party for National Development (UPND) candidate in Kaoma Central in the 2001 general elections and was elected to the National Assembly with a 1,169-vote majority. During his first term in parliament he was a member of the Pan-African Parliament. In 2003 he defected to the Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD) and was re-elected in a by-election. In January 2005 he was appointed Minister for Copperbelt Province, but the appointment was cancelled by President Levy Mwanawasa after it became known that Liato had a court matter ongoing. He was subsequently appointed Deputy Minister of Energy in May 2005, before being appointed Minister for Lusaka Province later in the year. Prior to the 2006 general elections Liato defected to the Movement for Multi-Party Democracy. He was re-elected with an increased majority of 1,700. Following the elections, Liato was appointed Deputy Minister of Labour and Social Security. He was promoted to become Minister of Labour and Social Security in 2008. Liato was defeated by UPND candidate Carlos Antonio in the 2011 general elections. He left the MMD in 2012 and returned to the UPND. In 2011 Liato was convicted of possession of money reasonably suspected to be the proceeds of crime. Although the ruling was initially overturned by Lusaka High Court, the State took the case to the Supreme Court, and in 2015 he was jailed with hard labour for 24 months and was also ordered to forfeit his farm and K2.1m that had been found buried on his land. However, he was released from prison in August on compassionate grounds after spending a month in hospital. Liato contested Kaoma Central in the 2016 general elections as the Patriotic Front candidate, but was defeated by Morgan Sitwala of the UPND. References 1965 births Living people Zambian accountants Zambian trade unionists Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Zambia Members of the National Assembly of Zambia United Party for National Development politicians Movement for Multi-Party Democracy politicians Patriotic Front (Zambia) politicians Provincial Ministers of Zambia Labour and Social Security ministers of Zambia Zambian politicians convicted of crimes	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin%20Liato
An institute of consecrated life is an association of faithful in the Catholic Church canonically erected by competent church authorities to enable men or women who publicly profess the evangelical counsels by religious vows or other sacred bonds "through the charity to which these counsels lead to be joined to the Church and its mystery in a special way". They are defined in the 1983 Code of Canon Law under canons 573–730. The Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life has ecclesial oversight of institutes of consecrated life. The more numerous form of these are religious institutes, which are characterized by the public profession of vows, life in common as brothers or sisters, and a degree of separation from the world. They are defined in the 1983 Code of Canon Law under canons 607–709. The other form is that of secular institutes, in which the members live in the world, and work for the sanctification of the world from within. Apart from being a member of an institute, consecrated life may also be lived individually; the Catholic Church recognises, as forms of individual consecrated life that of hermits (canon 603) and consecrated virgins (canon 604). Classification There are two categories of institutes of consecrated life identified in the Code of Canon Law: religious institutes, and secular institutes. In addition, there are Societies of Apostolic Life that resemble institutes of consecrated life, but their members do not take religious vows. Consecrated persons are lay persons or clerics who assume the evangelical counsels by means of a sacred bond, and become members of an institute of consecrated life. They are clerical if, with recognition from the Church, their founder intended the order or institute to be directed by clerics and exercise sacred orders, and they are lay if recognized by the Church as having a proper function defined by the founder or by legitimate tradition, which does not include the exercise of sacred orders (canon 588). For instance, the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) is a clerical institute of consecrated life as their members are clerics, whereas the Sisters of Charity are a lay institute of religious sisters. Religious institute A religious institute is an institute of consecrated life whose members take public vows and lead a fraterl life in common (Canon 607.2). They are broadly termed as religious and include monastic orders, mendicant orders, canons regular, and clerics regular. Some religious institutes engage in a particular ministry such as education, healthcare, or social work; while others have as their primary apostolate contemplative prayer. The 1983 version of the Code of Canon Law has not maintained the distinction, found in the 1917 version, between orders (religious institutes in which the members took solemn vows) and congregations (those in which simple vows were taken). Secular institute A secular institute is an institute of consecrated life whose members live in the world, strive for the perfection of charity and seek to help to sanctify the world, especially from within (Canon 710). They work in a variety of occupations and may live alone or with their family; others live in a common house with other institute members. Each institute has a particular spirituality shaped by its founders and leaders. Some religious institutes have an affiliated Third Order. These are secular institutes. Societies of apostolic life A society of apostolic life is a group of men or women within the Catholic Church who have come together for a specific purpose and live fraternally. Members of apostolic societies do not make religious vows. This type of organization is defined in the 1983 Code of Canon Law under canons 731–746. The Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul are a Society of Apostolic Life. Historical-juridical list in the Annuario Pontificio The Annuario Pontificio lists for both men and women the institutes of consecrated life and the like that are "of pontifical right" (those that the Holy See has erected or approved by formal decree). For the men, it gives what it now calls the Historical-Juridical List of Precedence. The arrangement of the institutes for men of the Latin Church in this list dates back many decades. It is found, for instance, in the 1964 edition of the Annuario Pontificio, pp. 807–870, where the heading is "States of Perfection (of pontifical right for men)." In the 1969 edition the heading has become "Religious and Secular Institutes of Pontifical Right for Men", a form it kept until 1975 inclusive. Since 1976, when work was already advanced on revising the Code of Canon Law, the list has been qualified as "historical-juridical" and still distinguishes "orders" from "congregations" in the case of Latin Church men, while not separating out "orders" and "congregations" in the case of the Eastern Catholic Churches and Latin Church women. It arranges the institutes for men as follows: A. Institutes of consecrated life a. Religious institutes I. Orders 1. Canons regular 2. Monks 3. Mendicant orders 4. Clerks regular II. Clerical religious congregations III. Lay religious congregations IV. Eastern orders, religious congregations, and societies of apostolic life b. Secular institutes I. Clerical secular institutes II. Lay secular institutes B. Societies of apostolic life The institutes for women are arranged alphabetically in the following categories: A. Institutes of consecrated life a. Religious institutes I. Orders and institutes with autonomous houses II. Centralized institutes B. Societies of apostolic life These lists are followed by a list of 6 institutes under the heading "Other Institutes of Consecrated Life", a reference to new forms of consecrated life established in accordance with canons 604 §2 and 605 of the Code of Canon Law. Some of these have both male and female members, and one is open to married couples. Catholic institutes of consecrated life Institutes of consecrated life need the written approval of a bishop to operate within his diocese. Effective 10 November 2020, Pope Francis modified the 1983 Code of Canon Law to require a bishop to acquire the Apostolic See's approval in writing and reserved to the Apostolic See the final determination over the erection of an institute of consecrated life. List of some religious institutes (Catholic) provides a dynamic list of a selection of Catholic religious institutes. Catholic secular institutes are less numerous. See also Religious institute Secular institute Society of apostolic life References External links Code of Canon Law regulating Institutes of Consecrated Life Institutes of Consecrated Life – Catholic-Hierarchy.org Organisation of Catholic religious orders	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20of%20consecrated%20life
Dorothea Nancy Waddingham (21 June 1899 – 16 April 1936) was an English nursing home matron who was convicted of murder. Life Dorothea Waddingham was born Dorothy Nancie Merelina Allan Chandler, with her parents marrying a year after her birth – Waddingham being her father's surname. Dorothea was born on a farm near Nottingham. She has been referred to as "Nurse" Waddingham because the two murders she was accused and convicted of were committed in a nursing home she ran near Nottingham in England. However, she was not a qualified nurse and the only medical training she received was as a ward-maid at an infirmary near Burton-on-Trent. In 1925, under the name of Dorothea Nancy Waddingham, she married Thomas Willoughby Leech. He was twice her age and dying of cancer. During their marriage, she served two prison terms for fraud and for theft. The couple had three children, Leech died in 1933, at which time Waddingham was seeing another man named Ronald Joseph Sullivan. Sullivan had fought in World War I and had been awarded the Military Medal for gallantry and also served in Ireland after the war. Although they never married, they had two children. Whilst living with Sullivan, she began to take in elderly and infirm patients and turned her home at 32 Devon Drive, Nottingham into a nursing home. Activities Mrs. Blagg, the Honorary Secretary of the County Nursing Association, approved of Waddingham's work and arranged for Mrs. Louisa Baguley, who was 88, and her daughter Ada, who had multiple sclerosis or "creeping paralysis" as it was known at the time, to become patients. In February 1935, another patient named Mrs. Kemp died from an illness that required large dosages of morphine and a quantity of the drug remained on the premises of Waddingham's nursing home after her death. Ada Baguley had made a will leaving her estate of £1,600 in trust for her mother after her death with the rest to be divided between two cousins, Lawrence Baguley and Fred Gilbert, after her mother died. Ada had been informed that it was likely that she would precede her mothers' death. However, this will was destroyed by Ada in May 1935, and a new will drawn up that left all the money to Dorothea Waddingham and Ronald Sullivan when Ada and her mother both died (in recompense for the nurse's care of them). The elderly Mrs. Baguley died in the second week of May. Ada lasted through the spring and summer of 1935. On September 10, 1935, Ada received a visit from a family friend, Alice Briggs, who spent an afternoon cheering her up. Briggs told Waddingham that she would have Ada over for tea at her home in a couple of days. The next day, Sullivan advised H. H. Mansfield that his patient Ada was in a coma. Mansfield came and found Ada dead. As this was expected, the doctor was not suspicious, and after gaining further details from Waddingham, he filled out a death certificate stating Ada died of cardiovascular degeneration. Ada had left instructions to be cremated, and if the cremation had gone through it is probable that Waddingham could not have been proved guilty of Ada's death. But for a body to be cremated, two doctors were required to sign the death certificate, which could only be done after the family of the deceased was notified. Ada had noted in her will a request not to notify her relatives and Waddingham said there were no relatives, which was a lie. The man in charge of cremations was Cyril Banks, who was also the Medical Officer for Health for Nottingham. Banks had never thought highly of Waddingham's so-called "nursing home", and knew there was no State Registered Nurse on the staff as there should have been. He became suspicious at the note from Ada Baguley that authorised cremation and ordered a post-mortem. The post-mortem found no traces of anything connected to Ada's physical conditions that could have immediately caused death. This led to an analysis of the organs of the deceased by W. W. Taylor, Senior Assistant to the Nottingham Analyst, who found considerable traces of morphine (over three grains) in her stomach, liver, kidneys, and heart. Suspicions were now raised about the death of Mrs. Baguley and an exhumation was ordered by the Home Office. This was supervised by Dr. Roche Lynch, who found that Luisa Baguley had also died of morphine poisoning. This led to the arrest of Waddingham and Sullivan for the two murders. Trial Waddingham's trial started on 4 February 1936 before Justice Rayner Goddard. Her barrister was Mr. Eales, with the prosecution by Norman Birkett (a rarity, for Birkett normally handled criminal defence). Birkett brought out much damaging testimony, including how Ada Baguley's last meal was heavy and rich for a woman in her condition: Waddingham admitted that she gave Ada pork, baked potatoes, kidney beans, and two portions of fruit pie. It was suggested as an effort to disguise the cause of death and showed a lack of concern for the patient's welfare. The result was that Waddingham was convicted of using morphine to poison Mrs. Baguley and Ada. The purported motive behind the murders was to gain the Baguleys' estate. It was also revealed that Waddingham claimed that Dr. Mansfield gave her surplus morphine tablets for Ada Baguley, which that doctor denied. In trial, Sullivan was discharged for insufficient evidence, although the so-called note from Ada Baguley regarding cremation was written by him. Waddingham was found guilty on 27 February. Despite a recommendation of mercy due to her being a mother of several young children, she was hanged on 16 April 1936, having confessed to the crime shortly before her execution. Her execution was carried out at Winson Green Prison and her hangman was Thomas Pierrepoint, assisted by his nephew Albert Pierrepoint. Waddingham was a mother of five and was still breastfeeding her 3-month old baby at the time of her execution. 10,000 people gathered outside the gaol to demonstrate against the execution, chanting "Stop this mother murder!". The protests were led by the prominent abolitionist Violet Van der Elst. The fiancé of Ada Baguley committed suicide after her death. Popular culture The execution is dramatised in the 2005 film Pierrepoint, in which Waddingham is played by Elizabeth Hopley. Although the film shows Timothy Spall as Albert Pierrepoint carrying out the execution, in fact the hangman was Thomas Pierrepoint (Albert's uncle); Albert acted as his uncle's assistant. Further, the execution took place at Birmingham's Winson Green prison, not Holloway Prison in London as is implied in the film. The film is also incorrect in that it depicts the execution taking place during the war years. The case itself is also featured on the Investigation Discovery program Deadly Women, appearing as the second of three cases in the tenth-season episode "Cash In". Her case was examined in Murder, Mystery and My Family in 2019. A judge concluded that her conviction should be upheld. The case was dramatised in the episode 'Nurse Waddingham' in the 1949-51 Radio Series Secrets of Scotland Yard. See also Dr John Bodkin Adams – doctor suspected of killing patients with morphine in order to obtain bequests Barbara Salisbury – UK nurse convicted in 2004 of trying to murder elderly patients to "free up beds" Catherine Wilson – nurse who killed patients who favoured her in bequests References Bibliography O'Donnell, Bernard Should Women Hang? (London: W.H.Allan, 1956) (pp. 88–92: "Women's Murder Weopon" is about poison used by several women poisoners, the first being Waddingham; there is also a photo of her in the book). Rowland, John Poisoner In The Dock: Twelve Studies in Poisoning (New York: Archer House – Arco Books, 1960) (pp. 137–157: "Morphine" is about Dorothea Waddingham). Wilson, Colin and Pitman, Pat Encyclopedia of Murder (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1961, 1962) (pp. 533–535: "Waddingham, Dorothea Nancy" 1899 births 1936 deaths People executed for murder Health care professionals convicted of murdering patients British female murderers Executed English women Executed English people 20th-century executions by England and Wales People convicted of murder by England and Wales English people convicted of murder People convicted of fraud British people convicted of theft People from Nottingham 1935 murders in the United Kingdom	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothea%20Waddingham
Nepenthes hamata is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sulawesi, where it grows at elevations of 1400–2500 m above sea level. The specific epithet hamata is derived from the Latin word hamatus, meaning "hooked". It describes the appearance of the highly developed peristome teeth of this species. Botanical history Early history and formal descriptions Nepenthes hamata was first encountered by Western explorers many decades before its formal description and recognition by science. Dutch botanist Pierre Joseph Eyma collected herbarium material of this species as early as 1938; this would later be used to designate a type specimen. In 1984, two formal descriptions of this species were published in close succession: Shigeo Kurata described it under the name N. dentata in The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, while John R. Turnbull and Anne T. Middleton called it N. hamatus in the journal Reinwardtia. As explained in the introduction to his describing paper on N. dentata, Kurata first became aware of the species more than a decade earlier, on a 1972 visit to Herbarium Bogoriense: The name N. dentata was first published in Kurata's 1976 guide, Nepenthes of Mount Kinabalu, where it was included in a table of all Nepenthes species known at the time and asterisked with the note "Not yet established". Questions over nomenclatural priority The formal descriptions of N. dentata by Kurata and N. hamatus by Turnbull and Middleton were published almost concurrently, leading to uncertainty over which name held nomenclatural priority. A similar situation surrounded the publication of N. eymae / N. infundibuliformis and N. glabrata / N. rubromaculata, which were described by the same three authors. Nepenthes hamata (emended with a feminine suffix to match the gender of Nepenthes) gained greater currency and was said to have been published 21 days prior to N. dentata. However, in 1994 Matthew Jebb wrote that the "priority of this name over N. dentata [...] is in fact in serious doubt, since the 'preprinted' Reinwardtia issue was technically not 'freely available' in terms of the Botanical Code". Taxonomist Jan Schlauer determined that the publication of Turnbull and Middleton's paper preceded Kurata's formal description of N. dentata in The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, but came after Kurata's article about the species in the Journal of Insectivorous Plant Society. While some authors referred to the species as N. dentata in the following years, the name N. hamata enjoyed greater popularity and has for this reason been retained in all major monographs on the genus. In the years following its description, some authors considered the two taxa as separate species and there was even speculation among growers that N. hamata represented a hybrid involving the "true" species, N. dentata. Schlauer considers N. dentata to be a heterotypic synonym of N. hamata. Type material The type specimen of N. hamata is J.R.Turnbull & A.T.Middleton 83121a, which was collected from the west ridge of Mount Lumut, Central Sulawesi (at the coordinates ), at an altitude of 1850–1900 m, on September 19, 1983. In their description of the species, Turnbull and Middleton indicated that the type material had been deposited at Herbarium Bogoriense (BO), the herbarium of the Bogor Botanical Gardens. However, Martin Cheek and Matthew Jebb were unable to locate it there and, referring collectively to the type material of N. hamata, N. glabrata, and N. infundibuliformis (which were all described by Turnbull and Middleton in the same paper), wrote that "[n]one of these collections has been found at the herbaria they cite". An early collection by Dutch botanist Pierre Joseph Eyma, designated as Eyma 3572, represents the type material of N. dentata. The specimens of this series were taken from a site on the north spur of Mount Lumut, between bivouacs II and III, on September 3, 1938. Both the lectotype and isotype are deposited at Herbarium Bogoriense (BO). In addition to the herbarium specimens of N. hamata mentioned here, a number of others have appeared in the literature. Horticultural interest Nepenthes hamata remained very rare in cultivation until around 1996. Its scarcity and striking appearance made it particularly desirable to collectors, and individual plants commanded prices of approximately US$300–400 during this time. The significant commercial value of the species encouraged wild collection by both local and foreign plant hunters. Beginning in 1995, Ch'ien Lee oversaw a Nepenthes artificial propagation program at Malesiana Tropicals, a company based in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Seeds of N. hamata, which had been collected in the wild by Lee, were used to multiply plant material in vitro in the company's tissue culture laboratory. By 2001, Malesiana Tropicals had a sales inventory of more than 500 individuals of the species, supplying both hobbyists and commercial growers as well as botanical gardens and researchers. The increased supply led to a sharp fall in prices. The price of N. hamata was predicted in 2001 to stabilise at roughly $50 per plant, greatly limiting the incentive for wild collection. The species however remains highly sought-after and is still somewhat of a horticultural rarity. Discovery of "red hairy hamata" In early 2005, Ch'ien Lee announced the discovery of a new form of N. hamata with an exceptionally dense indumentum: In response to subsequent speculation about the plant's taxonomic status, Lee wrote that it "merely represents a geographical variant of N. hamata". It was informally known as N. hamata "red hairy" or simply "red hairy hamata" (often abbreviated as 'RHH'). In 2020, this taxon was described as a species in its own right: N. diabolica. Like the type form of N. hamata, N. diabolica has been raised to flowering size in cultivation and used to make hybrids with other Nepenthes species. Later developments British geographer Stewart McPherson published an updated description of the species in his 2009 monograph, Pitcher Plants of the Old World. The book also covered the closely related undescribed taxon N. sp. Sulawesi, which McPherson had observed with Greg Bourke in 2007. Nepenthes sp. Sulawesi was described as N. nigra in McPherson's 2011 work, New Nepenthes. Description Nepenthes hamata is a strong climber. The stem, which may be branched, reaches a maximum length of around 7 m. It is terete to obtusely trigonous and varies in diameter from up to 3 mm in rosettes and short stems, to 4–5 mm in climbing stems. In the former, the internodal length is typically up to 6 mm and in the latter 3.5–6 cm. Leaves Leaves are sessile and chartaceous in texture. The shape of the lamina (leaf blade) is variable: it may be linear, lanceolate, or slightly elliptic. In the case of rosettes and short stems, the lamina is typically oblanceolate to oblong-elliptic and measures up to 7.5 cm in length by 2.5 cm in width. It has an acute apex and does not exhibit a peltate tendril attachment. The laminar base is amplexicaul, clasping the stem and giving it a subperfoliate appearance. Auricles may be present, although their level of development varies. The lamina may be slightly decurrent down the stem, but not prominently so. Laminae produced on climbing stems are predominantly oblong-elliptic in shape, but may rarely be lanceolate. They are larger than those borne on shorter stems, but nonetheless relatively short, measuring 5–15 cm in length by 1.8–4 cm in width. The laminar apex may be acute to obtuse, while the base is abruptly contracted and clasps the stem; it may be decurrent for up to 1.5 cm in some populations. Two (rarely up to four) longitudinal veins are present on either side of the midrib. They are restricted to the outer third to half (rarely up to two-thirds) of the laminar surface. Pinnate veins are inconspicuous; they are patent and branching. Pitchers Rosette and lower pitchers are only produced for a short time before the plant transitions into a scrambling vine (although they may be produced later on offshoots from the original stem). They grow up to 18 cm high by 5 wide. They are ovate in the basal fifth to half of the pitcher cup, being bulbous to varying degrees in this portion, often narrowly so. The pitcher is narrower in the upper part and may be cylindrical or slightly infundibular towards the orifice. The boundary between these two portions is often delineated by a pronounced hip. The ventral face of the pitcher is flattened. A pair of wings up to 16 mm wide runs down the ventral surface of the pitcher cup. These wings bear densely packed filiform fringe elements up to 19 mm long, which commonly exceed the width of the wings themselves. These filaments are often arranged in pairs, spaced around 2 mm apart, and are usually branched dichotomously once or twice. The waxy zone of the inner surface is well developed. The pitcher mouth is often distinctly rhomboid in shape, but may also be oval or elliptic. It has a highly oblique insertion and is concave when viewed in profile. The mouth rises at the rear to form a tapered neck, which may be held upright or be inclined forward over the pitcher orifice. The species is noted for having possibly the most developed peristome in the genus. It is cylindrical to slightly flattened, glossy, rigid, and up to 5 mm wide (excluding the teeth). It consists of expanded ribs up to 6 mm high and spaced up to 5 mm apart. The entire flanges can measure up to 15 mm in length, although their size and number differ between populations (a typical number being approximately 20 on each side of the orifice). These flanges form exceptionally long, incurved teeth at the inner edge of the pitcher orifice. The teeth are sickle-shaped (falcate) and extend approximately 7 mm into the interior, as measured from the inner edge of the peristome to the tooth apex. The outer edge of the peristome is entire, with the recurved flanges extending for around 2 mm past the rim. The teeth of the neck may assume a dagger-like shape and measure up to 10 mm by 2 mm. These uppermost teeth are often noticeably splayed forward. The pitcher lid or operculum is elliptic to ovate and measures up to 6 cm in length by 5 cm in width. It is held roughly horizontally and often has upturned margins. The apex is rounded, whereas the base is occasionally cordate or subcordate. No appendages are present on the lower surface, but multicellular filiform appendages may be found on the upper surface, though this feature is often unstable and may be absent altogether. These 'hairs' or 'tentacles' are up to 20 mm long and may be branched. They arise from the ends of the lid veins and may number as many as 45 on each side of the lid. They are mainly restricted to the outer margins of the lid, where they are around 3 rows deep. The lower surface of the lid bears sparsely distributed nectar glands in the form of shortly elliptic, bordered pits. These are very small and inconspicuous, measuring only 0.1–0.2 mm in diameter. A spur up to 9 mm long is inserted near the base of the lid. It may be simple or repeatedly branched to the point of being fasciculate. The herbarium material examined by Cheek and Jebb exhibited spurs that were basally 5-branched, with each branch being secondarily ramified. Upper pitchers are similar in shape to their terrestrial counterparts, though usually more elongated, growing to 7–25 cm in height by 1.2–6 cm in width. The basal fifth to third of the trap is ovate, narrowing and becoming cylindrical to slightly infundibular above. As in lower pitchers, a conspicuous hip often marks the boundary between these two parts. In most cases, a pair of narrow ribs is present in place of the wings, although fully developed fringed wings are sometimes encountered. The peristome is often even more developed in aerial traps, with longer and more widely spaced teeth, which curve completely outwards in some populations. These teeth are usually 12–16 mm long by 2–3 mm high, and spaced 2.5–6 mm apart. Upper pitchers resemble lower ones in most other respects. Inflorescence Nepenthes hamata has a racemose inflorescence. The male inflorescence is 8–15 cm long, of which the peduncle constitutes 2.4–10 cm and the rachis up to 8 cm. The peduncle has a basal diameter of around 3 mm. Flowers are borne solitarily on ebracteate pedicels measuring 10–15 mm in length by 0.1–0.3 mm in width. The pedicels number around 22 per inflorescence. Tepals are elliptic, reflexed, and 1.5–3 mm long by 1–1.5 mm wide. Androphores are 1–2.5 mm long and bear anther heads measuring 0.6–0.8 mm by 0.8–1.4 mm. One infructescence was measured at 8.5 cm long by roughly 5 cm wide (fruits included), with a peduncle measuring 6.5 cm in length and having a basal diameter of 2.25 mm. Fruits number around 15 per infructescence and bear valves 19–20 mm long by 3.5–4.5 mm wide. As in most Nepenthes species, the seeds are filiform. They are around 8 mm long by 0.4–0.6 mm wide. Indumentum The extent of the indumentum is highly variable. Most populations are predominantly glabrous, having soft orange to brown hairs only on developing pitchers, tendrils, and the underside of the midrib. Despite the variation between populations, no infraspecific taxa of N. hamata have been described. Ecology and conservation Nepenthes hamata is endemic to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, where it has been recorded primarily from the eastern portion of Central Sulawesi province (including large parts of the East Peninsula). The species has a known altitudinal distribution of 1400–2500 m above sea level. Nepenthes hamata may grow terrestrially or as an epiphyte. It is found in lower and upper montane mossy forest and among scrub vegetation on mountain ridges and summits. In such habitats it experiences high relative humidity and often partially shady conditions. It is known to occasionally form natural hybrids with N. glabrata and N. tentaculata. The wild cross with N. glabrata was first reported by Ch'ien Lee in December 2006. The conservation status of N. hamata is listed as Least concern on the IUCN Red List, based on an assessment carried out in 2018. In 2009, Stewart McPherson wrote that the species is "widespread" across its range and that most populations are "remote and not generally threatened at present". Nepenthes hamata is known from at least two protected areas (Lore Lindu National Park and Morowali Nature Reserve), although the full extent of its range is unknown and it is likely to occur on a number of as yet unexplored peaks. McPherson emphasised the need to monitor populations of specific variants, particularly the red hairy form (now known as N. diabolica), because "[l]oss of diversity [...] may become a legitimate concern in the future as a result of collection pressures". Related species Nepenthes hamata belongs to what has been called the "Hamata group", which also includes four other closely related species from Borneo and Sulawesi: N. glabrata, N. muluensis, N. murudensis, and N. tentaculata. More recently, N. nigra has joined this group of related taxa. In their 2001 monograph, "Nepenthaceae", Martin Cheek and Matthew Jebb also suggested a close relative in the Sumatran species N. adnata. Nepenthes hamata is very closely allied to N. tentaculata. It shares with this species the multicellular filiform appendages of the upper lid, as well as the general form of its laminae and pitchers. Nepenthes hamata clearly differs from N. tentaculata in the development of its peristome, which bears exaggerated flange-like extensions; N. tentaculata lacks conspicuous teeth altogether. In their 2001 monograph, Martin Cheek and Matthew Jebb wrote that although the available herbarium material of N. hamata (around seven collections at the time) showed wide variation in peristome development, with some specimens appearing "very close to N. tentaculata", this did not represent a continuum of intergrades between N. hamata at one extreme and N. tentaculata at the other, but rather was due to a combination of lower and upper pitchers (the latter having more highly developed peristome teeth). Notes a.Other published specimens of N. hamata include Lack & Grimes 1783 (includes an infructescence and female flowers) and Lack & Grimes 1784 (includes a climbing stem with an upper pitcher and male inflorescence). Both of these specimens, along with Eyma 3573, are illustrated in a line drawing by Camilla Speight in Martin Cheek and Matthew Jebb's 2001 monograph, "Nepenthaceae".<p>A 2001 review of the Nepenthes material deposited at Herbarium Bogoriense found seven sheets of N. hamata within its collections. These specimens had been collected in montane forest at 1800–1900 m. References Further reading Flísek, J. 2003. Věčně hladová kráska Nepenthes hamata. Trifid 2003(1): 35–37. (page 2, page 3) Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164–175. Meimberg, H. 2002. Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich. Meimberg, H., S. Thalhammer, A. Brachmann & G. Heubl 2006. Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the trnK intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 478–490. External links Photographs of N. hamata at the Carnivorous Plant Photofinder Carnivorous plants of Asia hamata Endemic flora of Sulawesi Plants described in 1984	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepenthes%20hamata
The Graveyard Shift is a 1965 novel by Harry Patterson, also known as Jack Higgins (Patterson being Higgins's real name). The novel tells the story of Nick Miller, a newly recruited police officer who lives with his rich brother but who will not take part in his brother's business. Miller is on the trail of Ben Garvald, a man who has just been released from prison after completing a nine-year sentence there. But Ben's ex-wife's sister, Jean Fleming still thinks that Ben is dangerous and look out for revenge against her sister as she has married mobster Harry Faulkner. Jean also has a note from Ben to her sister when he was in prison telling her that he is coming back. This results in Nick hunting for Ben from scratch through his friends. Miller is hated by constable Brady who has been a policeman for 25 years, where Miller was promoted based on a year-long course. Because of this, Brady goes looking for Ben Garvald, and in the process is knocked down a flight of stairs. This is later staged to look like an automobile accident. 1965 British novels Novels by Jack Higgins British thriller novels John Long Ltd books	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Graveyard%20Shift%20%28novel%29
Phillip Ferdinand Mahre (born May 10, 1957) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer, widely regarded as one of the greatest American skiers of all time. Mahre competed on the World Cup circuit from 1976 to 1984. Starting with the 1978 season, Mahre finished in the top three in the World Cup overall standings for six consecutive seasons, winning the title in the final three (1981, 1982, and 1983). His total of 27 World Cup race wins is fourth among Americans, only behind Mikaela Shiffrin, Lindsey Vonn, and Bode Miller. Early years Mahre was born in Yakima, Washington alongside his fraternal twin brother Steve (who is four minutes younger). Phil, Steve, and their seven siblings (four older, three younger) grew up at a ski area; in 1964, their father Dave "Spike" Mahre became the mountain manager for the White Pass ski area, west of Yakima on US-12, where they moved into a home near the base of the lifts. By the age of 12, the Mahre twins' future was so promising that ski manufacturers were sending them free skis; the next year, Rossignol tried to sign them to a career-long contract, which their father declined. Eventually they would use skis made by an American company K2 throughout their career. The Mahre twins worked extensively with the company throughout their careers, developing custom race skis ideally suited to their needs. Mahre graduated from Naches High School and also played football as a blocking back and linebacker for the Rangers. U.S. Ski Team Mahre earned a spot on the U.S. Ski Team in early 1973 at age 15. He was selected to the "A" team following the 1975 season and made his World Cup debut in December 1975 at Val d'Isère, France. Two months later he competed at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria, taking fifth in the giant slalom at age 18. He made his first podium in March with a second in a giant slalom at Copper Mountain, Colorado, and finished the 1976 World Cup season in 14th place in the overall standings. He won his first World Cup race the next season, a giant slalom at Val d'Isère in December 1976, and followed it up with a slalom win in March at Sun Valley, defeating the man who became his primary rival, the legendary Swede Ingemar Stenmark, with his twin brother Steve taking third. Mahre finished ninth in the overall standings for 1977. In 1978 he placed second in the overall standings, followed by third in 1979, despite breaking his lower left tibia in early March at the pre-Olympic giant slalom at Whiteface near Lake Placid. At the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, he took the silver in the slalom behind Stenmark, along with a combined title (not an Olympic event in 1980, but official as a concurrent World Championship title). He again finished third in the overall World Cup standings for 1980, and won the first of four consecutive discipline titles in the combined. World Cup Overall Champion (1981–83) Mahre's career reached its zenith over the next three seasons. He narrowly edged out Ingemar Stenmark, who had previously won three consecutive overall titles from 1976–78, by 6 points to win his first World Cup in 1981. Mahre won primarily due to his results in the downhill and combined events, as Stenmark was uncomfortable in the downhill event. In 1982, Mahre took the event titles in the giant slalom, slalom, and combined races as well as the overall title. He had eight wins and 20 podium finishes, and his 309 points were well ahead of Stenmark's 211. In 1983, Mahre again beat Stenmark by a large margin for the overall title along with a second straight GS title. 1984 Olympics At the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, Mahre again medaled in the slalom, taking the gold while Steve won the silver for a Mahre twin 1–2 sweep. Steve had led the first of two runs, building a half-second lead over Swede Jonas Nilsson with Phil in third place another two-tenths back. Phil skied a second run to grab the lead, then Nilsson skied next and faltered, dropping out of the medals. Steve skied down last, needing only a solid run to take the gold, but a series of mistakes dropped him into second place, and Phil became the Olympic champion. Meanwhile, unknown to the racers, Phil's wife Holly had given birth to their second child, a son, in Arizona an hour before the race started. Phil did not find out about it until a TV interview after the race. The Mahres won two of the five alpine skiing medals taken by Americans, all from the Northwest. Portland's Bill Johnson (downhill) and Seattle's Debbie Armstrong also won gold, and Christin Cooper of Sun Valley took the silver for an American 1–2 finish in the women's giant slalom. The Mahre twins raced a limited World Cup schedule during the 1984 season, and retired from the circuit in early March at age 26. Phil ended his career with 27 World Cup race victories, at the time second only to Stenmark's 79 wins among men's racers (who ended his career in 1989 with 86 wins), while Steve finished with 9 wins. Post-retirement In 1985, Phil and his brother released their book No Hill Too Fast, which chronicles their childhood and World Cup careers and includes a series of instructional sections titled "How to Ski the Mahre Way". That same year the twins established the Mahre Training Center in Keystone, Colorado, and continue to run it to this day in Deer Valley, Utah. In 1988 Phil jumped to the World Pro Ski Tour, winning the slalom title in 1989. Both he and his brother Steve raced on the World Pro Ski Tour under the Coors Light banner. The twins attended the Bob Bondurant School of Driving in the fall of 1988 and began competing in auto racing. They subsequently participated in the Grand American Road Racing Association Koni Challenge series in the Grand Sport class. On February 9, 2010, Mahre was the U.S. torch bearer to carry the 2010 Vancouver torch across the border at the Blaine-Surrey Peace Arch. Comeback In 2006, at the age of 49, Phil Mahre came out of retirement and made another run at qualifying for the U.S. Nationals by the age of 50. After nearly qualifying for the U.S. National Championships in 2008, Phil Mahre's 2008–09 season was cut short by a knee injury. A longtime racer on K2 skis during his World Cup career, Mahre attempted to make his comeback using Volant, then Head skis. World Cup results Season standings Points were only awarded for top ten finishes thru 1979, top 15 thru 1991 (see scoring system). World championship results From 1948 through 1980, the Winter Olympics were also the World Championships for alpine skiing. At the World Championships from 1954 through 1980, the combined was a "paper race" using the results of the three events (DH, GS, SL). Olympic results Racing record SCCA National Championship Runoffs See also World Fit List of Olympic medalist families References Bibliography External links 1957 births Living people American male alpine skiers Olympic gold medalists for the United States in alpine skiing Olympic silver medalists for the United States in alpine skiing Medalists at the 1980 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 1984 Winter Olympics Alpine skiers at the 1976 Winter Olympics Alpine skiers at the 1980 Winter Olympics Alpine skiers at the 1984 Winter Olympics FIS Alpine Ski World Cup champions American twins SCCA National Championship Runoffs winners Racing drivers from Washington (state) Sportspeople from Yakima, Washington	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil%20Mahre
The Ais Gill rail accident occurred on the Settle–Carlisle line in Northwest England on 2 September 1913. Two long trains were both ascending a steep gradient with some difficulty, because their engines generated barely enough power to carry the load. When the first train stopped to build-up steam pressure, the driver and fireman of the second train were distracted by maintenance routines, and failed to observe the warning signals. The collision wrecked several carriages, which were then engulfed by flammable gas, killing 16 people and injuring 38. Incident The two trains involved were both passenger trains, which had left Carlisle railway station in the early hours of 2 September, destined for St Pancras station. The Midland Railway, which owned and operated the Settle-Carlisle line, had a policy of using small engines, and the two locomotives had barely sufficient power to surmount the steep gradients on the line with the heavy trains they were assigned. In theory, the load pulled by the first engine, No. 993 4-4-0, was over its maximum limit of , so the driver asked for assistance from a pilot engine, but was not given one. To make matters worse, the coal with which both engines were supplied had not been properly screened and was full of slack and small coal, which did not fire well and tended to clog the grates. The first train left Carlisle at 1:38 am. As it struggled up the gradient to Ais Gill summit, the highest point of the Settle-Carlisle line, the steam pressure steadily dropped to the point where the locomotive's ejectors were unable to generate enough vacuum to hold the train brakes "off", and so the train stopped short of the summit. As they cleaned out the grate and tried to build up steam pressure, the driver and fireman made the mistake of telling the guard that they would only be standing for a few minutes. The guard therefore did not protect the train in the rear, which could be done by laying detonators on the rails or walking a considerable distance along the line with a lantern. Meanwhile, the second train, hauled by No. 446 4-4-0, was also struggling, although it had a lighter load. Just short of Mallerstang, a few miles north of Ais Gill, the driver left the cab, to walk round the outside framing and oil some of the working parts while the train was in motion. Even though that procedure was no longer necessary because wick lubricators were in use, drivers apparently continued to do it out of habit and pride. While the driver was out of the cab, the fireman was having difficulty getting an injector to work, so the water level in the boiler was dropping. When the driver returned, both men worked on the injector, and eventually restarted it. While they were distracted by the problem, their train had passed all the signals at the Mallerstang signal box, which were at danger. The crew also missed a red lantern being waved from the signal box by the Mallerstang signalman, and another being waved by the guard of the first train. Shortly after, they looked up from their distractions to see the first train stalled not far in front of them, and far too late to stop. Damage The crash caused an unexpectedly high number of casualties. Even though the last vehicle of the first train was a parcels van, the second train demolished it and ploughed into a third-class coach ahead. The roof of the parcels van slid over the roof of the second engine and sliced into a first class sleeping car behind it. As with many railway collisions in Britain about this time, flammable gas escaping from the cylinders for the gas-oil lighting system ignited and rapidly spread a fire. Fourteen people in the first train died at the scene, and very few remains were later found. Two passengers subsequently died of their injuries. Thirty-eight passengers in the second train were seriously injured. Aftermath The subsequent inquiry blamed the crew of the first train for neglecting to protect the rear of their train, and the enginemen (particularly the driver) of the second train for failing to proceed with caution knowing that they must have passed several signals without observing them. The Mallerstang signalman was also criticised, although his actions did not contribute to the accident. The section controlled three main signals; the "distant", which could indicate "clear" or "caution", and the "home" and "starting", which could both indicate "clear" or "danger". The signalman had thrown all his signals to "caution" or "danger" after the first train passed. As the second train approached, he thought it was proceeding slowly under caution, and lowered the home signal to allow the train to proceed as far as the starting signal. When he realised that the train was actually steaming hard, he could not throw the home signal back to "danger" until the train had already passed it. The inquiry made several recommendations. Most concerned the enforcement of regulations on drivers, firemen, guards and signalmen to ensure closer attention to their primary duty; the care and safety of trains. The more extensive use of Automatic Train Control (ATC), then under extended trial on the Great Western Railway, was discussed. This would sound a siren in the cab to alert the crew of a train if they passed a signal at danger or caution and then automatically apply the brakes if they failed to acknowledge and cancel the warning. Signalboxes should be fitted with detonator placers, to alert engine crews who missed signals or were unable to observe them in fog or thick weather. Electric lighting was clearly safer than gas oil lighting, and steel-framed carriages were less likely to be crushed than wooden-framed stock. With regard to the issue of lack of motive power, the inquiry found that the Midland's policy was not to use pilot engines on engines that were on or slightly over their weight limit as the time lost in calling up a pilot engine, attaching it to the train and then removing it further along the line was greater than the time lost by a slightly overloaded train unable to keep up to time. The company did not discipline drivers who failed to keep to time because their trains were overloaded. The driver of the second train, Samuel Caudle, was convicted of culpable negligence and imprisoned. Due to strong public opinion that this was unjust, the Home Secretary ordered his release. The site of the crash was quite close to the site of the Hawes Junction rail crash which had taken place less than three years earlier, and to which the Midland Railway's small-locomotive policy had also indirectly contributed (in this instance by leading to a large number of light engine movements). The train crash plays an important role in the plotline events of the Kate Morton novel The Forgotten Garden. See also List of British rail accidents Lists of rail accidents List of transportation fires References Sources External links Ais Gill viaduct A modern train having no difficulty with the same gradient The Mallerstang section of the Settle-Carlisle line: including a commemoration (and a list of names) of all those who lost their lives during its construction and in subsequent accidents Railways Archive summary, including official report Railway accidents and incidents in Cumbria Train collisions in England Railway accidents in 1913 1913 in England History of Cumbria Rail transport in Cumbria 20th century in Westmorland Railway accidents involving a signal passed at danger Accidents and incidents involving Settle-Carlisle Railway 1913 disasters in the United Kingdom September 1913 events Train and rapid transit fires Rail accidents caused by a driver's error Mallerstang	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913%20Ais%20Gill%20rail%20accident
Joram Macdonald Gumbo is a Zimbabwean politician, member of parliament, former member of the Pan-African Parliament from Zimbabwe, and former cabinet minister. He is a member of the Zanu-PF party. Career Shortly after independence Gumbo was elected as a member of the Zimbabwe House of Assembly for Mberengwa West in the Midlands province. He was reelected every election. In the 2013 elections, although he was opposed by his own younger brother, Tinashe Gumbo, a representative of the MDC-T party, he was reelected. He was again reelected in the 2018 elections. In 1995 Gumbo became the "Chief Whip" of the ZANU-PF party, which office he held until resigning in 2015. In 2010, Gumbo was appointed by President Mugabe as Zimbabwe's representative to the Pan-African Parliament. In 2014, Gumbo was appointed ZANU-PF party secretary for education, a party politburo post, taking over from Sikhanyiso Ndlovu, at the ZANU PF 6th National People's Congress. In 2015 Gumbo was appointed as Minister of Transport and Infrastructural Development, replacing Obert Mpofu. In 2018 he was appointed as Minister of Energy and Power Development, but was reassigned by President in early 2019 to become a Minister of State in the President's Office in Charge of Policy Implementation. Charges and arrest Following Gumbo's tenure as Minister of Transport and Infrastructural Development there were allegations of mishandling funds from Zinara (Zimbabwe National Road Authority) and Zimbabwe Airways. In November 2019, the Zimbabwe Anti-Corruption Commission (ZACC) issued a warrant for Gumbo's arrest alleging irregularities in the purchase for Zimbabwe Airways of four Boeing 777-200 planes from Malaysian Airlines while he was Minister of Transport. See also List of members of the Pan-African Parliament References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Zimbabwe Members of the National Assembly of Zimbabwe	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joram%20Gumbo
Saviour Kasukuwere (born 23 September 1970) is a Zimbabwean politician who served in the government of Zimbabwe as Minister of Local Government, Rural Development and National Housing between October and November 2017. He was also the ZANU–PF party's national political commissar until December 2017. Before that he was Minister of Youth Development, Indigenisation and Empowerment, and Minister of the Environment, Water and Climate. In October 2020, the Zimbabwe government sought Kasukuwere's extradition after issuing a warrant for his arrest. It was revealed that Kasukuwere was among loyalists of former President Robert Mugabe who fled to South Africa before their criminal trials could be completed. Career Politics He has been a member of the Pan-African Parliament since 2004. He was Deputy Secretary of Youth Affairs in the Politburo of the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front and subsequently Secretary for the Commissariat. He has been the Member of Parliament for Mount Darwin South Parliamentary Constituency since 2000. From 2005 until February 2009, he served as the Zimbabwean Deputy Minister of Youth Development and Employment Creation. Kasukuwere was Minister of Youth Development, Indigenisation and Empowerment from 2009 to 2013. Following President Robert Mugabe's victory in the July 2013 presidential election, he moved Kasukuwere to the post of Minister of the Environment on 10 September 2013. President Mugabe moved Kasukuwere to the post of Minister of Local Government, Public Works and National Housing on 6 July 2015. In October 2017 the ministry was expanded to include Rural Development. 2017 coup d'etat and aftermath On 19 November 2017, Kasukuwere was expelled from ZANU–PF by the party's central committee. Other prominent G40 politicians, including Grace Mugabe, Jonathan Moyo, Patrick Zhuwao, Ignatius Chombo, Walter Mzembi, Shadreck Mashayamombe, Makhosini Hlongwane, Innocent Hamandishe, Samuel Undenge, and Sarah Mahoka were also expelled from the party. On 27 November 2017, Emmerson Mnangagwa, who succeeded ousted President Robert Mugabe, announced the dissolution of the Zimbabwean Cabinet, leaving only Patrick Chinamasa and Simbarashe Mumbengegwi as acting ministers of Finance and Foreign Affairs respectively. Business He owns several companies including Comoil (executive Director until 2005), Migdale Holdings Limited, and Allen Wack & Shepherd. He is a citrus farmer in Mazowe, Zimbabwe. His business received the political blessings of Robert Mugabe. He joined the Zimbabwean government as a state security official .He served in Mozambique during the Renamo conflict. He chaired the Zimbabwe Defence Forces DRC Fundraising Committee. He was a Member of the Defence Soccer Team, Black Rhinos. Sanctions Since 2003, Kasukuwere is on the United States sanctions list. Self Exile In November 2017, Kasukuwere fled the country alongside other G40 cabalists, Professor Jonathan Moyo and Mr Patrick Zhuwao, who remain in exile. After six months and six days in self-imposed exile, he finally returned home. Presidential Candidate Zimbabwe 2023 Kasukuwere announced his bid to stand for President on the 20th June 2023. Initially the ruling party had underestimated his huge support base. ZANU PF was terrified to allow him to stand and had to use the Judiciary to block his participation. He fought hard through the various courts but it became apparent that political pressure had been placed on the judiciary to deny him to participate. He was gazetted as a Presidential candidate but denied to stand by the court. References 1970 births Living people Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Zimbabwe Government ministers of Zimbabwe People from Mashonaland Central Province	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saviour%20Kasukuwere
Charles Shanyurai Majange is a member of the Pan-African Parliament from Zimbabwe. See also List of members of the Pan-African Parliament References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Zimbabwe	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Shanyurai%20Majange
is a very popular masculine Japanese given name. Possible writings Haruto can be written using different kanji characters and can mean: 春人, "spring, person" 春大, "spring, big" 春斗, "spring, dipper" 晴人, "sunny/clear up, person" 晴斗, "sunny/clear up, dipper" 治人, "govern, person" 陽斗, "sun/yang, dipper" 遥都, "distant, city" The name can also be written in hiragana or katakana. People , Japanese poet and novelist , Japanese football player , Japanese baseball player , Japanese manga artist , Japanese singer, member of South Korean band Treasure , Japanese kickboxer Characters Haruto (ハルト), a character in the console role-playing game Suikoden IV Haruto (春人), a character in the manga series Code:Breaker Haruto Asou (遥都), a character in Japanese television drama 1 Litre no Namida Haruto Fuwa (春斗), a character in the light novel series A Sister's All You Need Haruto Houjou (遥都), the main character in the manga and anime series Haunted Junction Haruto Kaguragi (晴), a character in the manga series Boys Over Flowers Season 2 Haruto Kawai (春人), a character in the Japanese romance visual novel Memories Off 5 The Unfinished Film Haruto Kirishima (青大), the main character in the manga and the anime A Town Where You Live Haruto Kurosaki (晴人), a character in the manga series Kurosaki-kun no Iinari ni Nante Naranai Haruto Kurosawa (遥人), a character in the manga and anime series Coppelion Haruto Saionji (春人), a character in the action role-playing game Shining Wind and anime series Shining Tears X Wind Haruto Sakaki (晴人), a character in the anime series Witch Hunter Robin Haruto Sakuraba (春人), a character in the manga series Eyeshield 21 Haruto Sohma (晴人), the main character in Kamen Rider Wizard Haruto Tenjou (ハルト), a character in the anime series Yu-Gi-Oh! Zexal Haruto Tokishima (ハルト), the main character in the anime Valvrave the Liberator Haruto Yuto, a character in the video game Yandere Simulator References Japanese masculine given names Masculine given names	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haruto
Paurina Gwanyanya Mpariwa (born 1964), sometimes written as Paurine Mpariwa, is a member of the Pan-African Parliament from Zimbabwe. Mpariwa is the chair of the Public Accounts Committee. She is also a member of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, first elected in 2000 and again in 2005, representing the Mukafose constituency in Harare. She is a member of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) party. On 10 February 2009, Morgan Tsvangirai designated Mpariwa for the position of Minister of Labour and Social Welfare as part of the national unity government. She is the Member of House of Assembly for Mufakose (MDC-T). Mpariwa was also chairperson for Women's Parliamentary Caucus, chairperson Women in Law and Development in Africa (WILDAF), Zimbabwe Parliament Treasurer Women Caucus, parliamentary deputy chairperson Portfolio for Labour, parliamentary deputy whip, Pan African Parliament rapporteur for health, labour and social welfare. Life Born in Mufakose 1964, Paurina Mpariwa trained in personnel management, industrial relations, business studies, para-legal work, social work finance and computers. Unionism Participation in labour unionism started while working at OK chain stores early 1990s, rising to become the chairperson for the Commercial Workers' Union of Zimbabwe. References Living people Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Zimbabwe Members of the National Assembly of Zimbabwe 21st-century Zimbabwean women politicians 21st-century Zimbabwean politicians Women members of the Pan-African Parliament Women government ministers of Zimbabwe 1964 births Zimbabwean trade unionists	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paurina%20Mpariwa
University of Nashville was a private university in Nashville, Tennessee. It was established in 1806 as Cumberland College. It existed as a distinct entity until 1909; operating at various times a medical school, a four-year military college, a literary arts (liberal arts) college, and a boys preparatory school. Educational institutions in operation today that can trace their roots to the University of Nashville include Montgomery Bell Academy, an all-male preparatory school; the Vanderbilt University Medical School; Peabody College at Vanderbilt University; and the University School of Nashville, a co-educational preparatory school. History The predecessor to the University of Nashville, Davidson Academy, was founded as a preparatory school for boys in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1785. In 1802 this institution moved to a building in downtown Nashville. The facility, named Cumberland Hall, was located at 300 Peabody St., on the corner of what is now Peabody St. and Third Avenue. The building no longer stands, but a Tennessee State Historical Marker was erected on the site. In 1806, Davidson Academy changed its name to Cumberland College. United States President Andrew Jackson served on the board of trustees for many years during this time. Meanwhile, Reverend Philip Lindsley (1786–1855) was named the chancellor of Cumberland College in 1824. In 1826, the Tennessee Legislature changed the name of Cumberland College to the University of Nashville. In 1827, future Confederate General Gideon Pillow was part of a graduating class of twelve. Under Reverend Phillip Lindsley, the University of Nashville provided educational instruction to young men, and Nashville became known as the 'Athens of the South.' In 1850, all parts of the college level instruction were shut down, a consequence of a cholera epidemic in the city. Meanwhile, Cumberland Hall was torn down, and the University of Nashville opened a medical college in 1851. In 1853, a new building was constructed at 724 Second Avenue in Nashville, and in 1854, the college re-opened. In 1855, Lindsley's son and successor John Berrien Lindsley merged the Western Military Institute and the University of Nashville. It moved its entire operation from Georgetown, Kentucky, where it had operated since its founding in 1847, to Nashville. Bushrod Johnson was a professor at the Western Military Institute from 1851 to 1855. He served as its headmaster when it moved to Nashville in the merger and continued in that capacity until the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861. He served the Confederate States Army during the war as a general. It was during this period that Sam Davis attended the Western Military Institute; he was later called the "boy hero of the Confederacy", and hanged by Union forces as a spy in 1863. The Western Military Institute did not offer instruction from 1862 to 1865. In 1862, the campus building served as a Union hospital for Federal officers. Industrialist Montgomery Bell left the University of Nashville $20,000 in his will in 1867, and Lindsley used the proceeds to open up the Montgomery Bell Academy (MBA) that year as a new preparatory school in Nashville. The new school took over the operations of the then defunct Western Military Institute and the University of Nashville preparatory school. In 1866, E. Kirby Smith was named co-chancellor of the University of Nashville, along with Bushrod Johnson, who returned to the school as a professor, to replace Lindsley. General Smith served as its chancellor from 1870 to 1875. That year, a financial crisis was resolved when the Peabody Fund made a large donation, and the University of Nashville's operations were split into three different entities. The board of trustees that had operated the University of Nashville since its re-incorporation in 1826 remained intact and were given the operations of the Montgomery Bell Academy preparatory school. The medical school became part of Vanderbilt University in 1874. The collegiate program received the financial donation from the Peabody Fund, established a new board of trustees, and it was renamed the Peabody Normal School. To create a major Southern teachers' college, the grounds and buildings of the Peabody Normal School were donated to the George Peabody College for Teachers in 1909. The donation was estimated to be worth about $250,000. In 1914 the George Peabody College for Teachers purchased a new site adjacent to Vanderbilt University, with over 50 acres (20 hectares) of wooded lawn. It constructed new buildings. However, after falling upon hard times in the 1970s, Peabody College amalgamated with the wealthier university in 1979. However, the board of trustees of the formerly affiliated preparatory school, Montgomery Bell Academy, continues to operate under the name of "The Board of Trustees of the University of Nashville." Notable alumni References Further reading Parks, Joseph Howard, Edmund Kirby Smith, CSA, LSU Press, 1954. Stonesifer, Roy P. and Hughes, Nathaniel Cheairs, The Life and Wars of Gideon J. Pillow, University of North Carolina Press, 1993, . Rudolph, F., The American College and University, The University of Georgia Press, 1991, ' External links 1826 establishments in Tennessee 1909 disestablishments in Tennessee Defunct private universities and colleges in Tennessee Educational institutions established in 1826 Educational institutions disestablished in 1909 Universities and colleges in Nashville, Tennessee	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Nashville
John James Anderson (born April 18, 1956) is an American actor and producer best known to television audiences for playing the character of Jeff Colby in both the prime-time soap opera Dynasty and its spin-off series The Colbys throughout the 1980s. Career James is a veteran of daytime soaps, first appearing in Search for Tomorrow in the late 1970s. In 1981, he won the role of Jeff Colby in Dynasty, appearing in the very first episode, "Oil", and remaining on the soap opera until the final episode, Catch 22 in 1989. James played the same role in The Colbys between 1985 and 1987, and one last time in the 1991 TV movie, Dynasty: The Reunion. James was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for his role in Dynasty in 1985 and appeared at the 1986 ceremony. The Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film went to Edward James Olmos. James returned to the genre playing Rick Decker on As the World Turns in 2003–2004. In May 2006, he was cast in the role of Dr. Jeff Martin (the first husband of Erica Kane played by series star Susan Lucci) on the ABC daytime soap opera All My Children. He began appearing the following month. On July 15, 2008, James returned to As the World Turns, reprising the role of demented Dr. Rick Decker. In film, James starred in Icebreaker (2000) with Sean Astin, Bruce Campbell, and Stacy Keach; in The Cursed aka Peril (2001) with Morgan Fairchild and Michael Pare; in Lightning: Fire from the Sky (2001) with Jesse Eisenberg, Stacy Keach and John Schneider and in Chronology (2015) with William Baldwin and Danny Trejo, all of which were directed by David Giancola. He produced and starred in Illegal Aliens (2007). In 2012, James starred in the Giancola documentary, Addicted to Fame (2012), about the making of their film Illegal Aliens. In 2016, James produced and starred in another Giancola film — the sci-fi action adventure, Axcellerator which reunited him with The Colbys co-star Maxwell Caulfield while James' daughter Laura played one of the roles. James has appeared on stage intermittently, from musicals for the producer John Kenley to a 1996 national tour of Dial 'M' for Murder with Roddy McDowall, to playing Captain Keller in Judson Theatre Company's The Miracle Worker in 2018. Personal life James was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as one of the three children of radio broadcaster Herb Oscar Anderson (1928—2017) and his first wife. His brother, Herb Oscar Anderson II, is an actor. In 1989, James married Denise Ellen Coward (born 1955 in Australia), a model and 2nd Runner-up for Miss World 1978. They have two children. In 2012, James' daughter, Laura, won America's Next Top Model, Cycle 19. His son Phillip is serving in the United States Air Force. In 2014, James considered running as a Republican for New York's 21st congressional district. Filmography Self The Home and Family Show - Dynasty Reunion (2015) America's Next Top Model - Laura's Father (2012) The Life and Death of Anna Nicole Smith (2007) Intimate Portrait (TV series) - Emma Samms (2002) After They Were Famous - Dynasty (2002) E! True Hollywood Story - Dynasty (2001) Denver-Clan ohne Maske (1994) The Joan Rivers Show - November, 4 (1991) Live! with Kelly and Michael - October 18, (1991) Entertainment Tonight November, 11 (1987) Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade TV Special (1986) The 12th Annual People's Choice Awards (1986) The 43rd Annual Golden Globe Awards (1986) The 11th Annual People's Choice Awards (1985) Christmas with the Carringtons BBC TV Special (1985) Breakaway TV Series (1984) Battle of the Network Stars XVI - ABC Team Captain (1984) The 10th Annual People's Choice Awards (1984) Battle of the Network Stars XIV - ABC Team Captain (1983) The Merv Griffin Show - February 12 (1983) The Merv Griffin Show - November 6 (1982) Miss USA 1982 - Celebrity Judge (1982) Battle of the Network Stars XIII - ABC Team (1982) Battle of the Network Stars XII - ABC Team (1982) Awards Discography This Time b/w Fooling Around (with Heidi Bruhl; 1984) Painted Dreams b/w Sleeping In Your Arms Again (1985) (GER # 60, 5 weeks) References External links American male soap opera actors New York (state) Republicans Living people 1956 births	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20James%20%28actor%29
Paul Themba Nyathi is a Zimbabwean opposition politician, the director of elections for the Arthur Mutambara-led faction of the Movement for Democratic Change and a member of the Pan-African Parliament from Zimbabwe. Nyathi was a teacher who joined the Zimbabwe African People's Union of Joshua Nkomo, fighting against the white-minority government of Ian Smith. He became a provincial executive member and was arrested and imprisoned in 1976. He was released in 1979 just prior to majority rule and the establishment of Zimbabwe. He was a member of the ZAPU central committee from 1979 until the party's Unity Accord with ZANU in 1987 created ZANU-PF. Nyathi has three sons, Ndumiso, Nicholas and Jabulani, two daughters Zibi and Sibongile. In 1999 Nyathi became a founder member of the opposition Movement for Democratic Change, and a member of the national executive. Nyathi won the Matabeleland South constituency of Gwanda North for the MDC in the Zimbabwean parliamentary election of 2000 winning 72% of the vote. In 2004 he was elected by the House of Assembly of Zimbabwe as one of five members of the Pan-African Parliament where he became rapporteur for the Committee on Gender, Family, Youths, and People with Disabilities. Nyathi contested the Matabeleland South constituency of Gwanda in the Zimbabwe parliamentary elections of 2005, where he lost to the Zanu-PF candidate by only 6%. In October 2005 he supported contesting the Senate elections, a move opposed by MDC leader Morgan Tsvangirai. This led to a split in the MDC, and Nyathi joined the pro-Senate faction of Arthur Mutambara. In December 2005 his passport was seized and he was barred from leaving Zimbabwe. In December 2006 he was charged with "distributing subversive literature", after delivering MDC leaflets which said the security forces were struggling to pay for food because they are poorly paid. See also List of members of the Pan-African Parliament References Living people Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Zimbabwe Members of the National Assembly of Zimbabwe Year of birth missing (living people)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Themba%20Nyathi
Childish describes something suitable for a child, or something (particularly behavior) that is immature. It may also refer to: Billy Childish (born 1959), English artist, writer, and musician Childish Gambino (born 1983), American actor, writer, comedian, director, and musician Childish Major (born 1991), American rapper and record producer See also Minor (law)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childish
Brierley Hill & Withymoor F.C. was a football club based in Halesowen, West Midlands, England. They were established in 1955, originally as Oldswinford F.C., and went through several subsequent name changes, but folded in 2008. History The club was founded in 1955 under the name Oldswinford F.C., and it was under this name that they first joined the West Midlands (Regional) League in 1975. In 1993 they changed their name to Brierley Hill Town, and under this name they were founder members of the Midland Football Alliance in 1994. Their first season in that league saw them finish bottom, having won just three times all season, and they returned to the West Midlands League. In 2001, financial difficulties led to them merging with West Hagley F.C. of the Midland Football Combination to form Brierley & Hagley F.C., initially ground-sharing with Halesowen Harriers. After that club's demise they shared The Sports Ground with Lye Town, and later used Halesowen Town's The Grove as their home venue. The club hoped to develop their Wassell Grove land into a new stadium, but these plans came to nothing as the club was wound up in 2008 after the resignation of the club's main funder, chairman Stephen Lea. Club records Best league position: 20th in Midland Football Alliance, 1994–95 Best FA Cup performance: 1st qualifying round, 1984–85 and 1985–86 (as Oldswinford F.C.), 2007–08 Best FA Vase performance: 1st round on several occasions, most recently in 2001–02 References Sources Defunct football clubs in England Sport in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley Association football clubs established in 1955 Association football clubs disestablished in 2008 1955 establishments in England 2008 disestablishments in England Halesowen Defunct football clubs in the West Midlands (county)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brierley%20Hill%20%26%20Withymoor%20F.C.
Marais des Cygnes (Swans marsh in English) may refer to: Marais des Cygnes massacre prior to the American Civil War Marais des Cygnes Massacre Memorial Park a Kansas state historic site near that commemorates the 1858 massacre of the same name Battle of Marais des Cygnes during the American Civil War Marais des Cygnes National Wildlife Refuge in Kansas in the United States Marais des Cygnes River in Kansas and Missouri in the United States See also Marais (disambiguation) Cygnes (disambiguation)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marais%20des%20Cygnes
Elizabeth Van Valkenburgh (née Woodley; July 1799 – January 24, 1846) was an early American murderer who was hanged for poisoning her husband. Background Elizabeth Woodley was born in Bennington, Vermont. Her parents died when she was around 8 years old, and she was sent to Cambridge, New York to live; she had little education or religious upbringing. First marriage She first married at the age of 20, moving with her husband, with whom she had four children, to Pennsylvania. After living there for six years, the family moved near to Johnstown, New York, where she remained for the next 18 years. In 1833, her first husband died, which she initially stated was due to dyspepsia and exposure. Later, she admitted that she had poisoned him by adding arsenic to his rum, because she was "provoked" by his drinking in bars. In an addendum to her confession to Van Valkenburgh's murder, she noted that her first husband had been able to go to work the following day after being poisoned, although he suffered after effects until he died, and that she did not intend to kill him. Second marriage and murder She married John Van Valkenburgh, with whom she had two more children, in 1834. In her confession, she stated that he was an alcoholic, that he "misused the children", and that "we frequently quarrelled" when he was drunk. Her son had offered to buy "a place" for her and the other children in the west, but John Van Valkenburgh opposed this. She stated in her confession that "John was in a frolic for several weeks, during which time he never came home sober, nor provided anything for his family." She managed to purchase arsenic and poison his tea, although he recovered from the first dose of poison. Several weeks later, she mixed another dose in his brandy. So gruesome was his death, however, she said that "if the deed could have been recalled, I would have done it with all my heart." She ran away, hid in a barn, and broke her leg in a fall from the haymow. She was captured, tried and convicted. She was sentenced to death by hanging. Many people, including ten of the jurors, petitioned Governor Silas Wright for clemency, but having studied the materials related to the crime, and despite being moved by her gender and poverty, he could find no new evidence to stop the execution. She was executed on January 24, 1846. Because of her broken leg and her obesity, Van Valkenburgh was hanged in an unusual way. She was carried to the gallows in her rocking chair and was rocking away when the trap was sprung. See also alcohol abuse domestic violence spousal abuse References External links Information about the execution 1799 births 1846 deaths People from Bennington, Vermont American people executed for murder Poisoners American female murderers Executed American women Executed people from Vermont Mariticides People executed by New York (state) by hanging 19th-century executions by the United States 19th-century American women People convicted of murder by New York (state) 19th-century executions of American people People from Cambridge, New York People from Johnstown, New York 1833 murders in the United States	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth%20Van%20Valkenburgh
Gordon Thomson (born March 2, 1945) is a Canadian actor widely known for his role as Adam Carrington on the 1980s American prime time soap opera Dynasty. Early life Thomson began acting while studying English at McGill University in Montreal. One of his earliest roles was "Sir Robin the Brave" in the 1971 version of the Muppets' The Frog Prince. He went on to appear in Canadian television and stage roles, including a stint in Godspell opposite Gilda Radner, Martin Short, and Eugene Levy. In his twenties he also worked as a catalogue model to supplement his acting earnings. Career His first main TV role was as Michael Stewart Jr. on the Canadian television serial High Hopes in 1978. He then appeared as Egyptologist Aristotle Benedict White on the ABC daytime soap opera Ryan's Hope from 1981 to 1982. Having received acclaim for stage performances in productions including Love's Labour's Lost, Godspell and Joe Orton's Loot, Thomson advanced to the ABC Talent Development Program. After auditioning for a police series pilot called Callahan, he was instead cast as Dynasty Adam Carrington. Thomson debuted on Dynasty in October 1982, and remained with the series until its cancellation in May 1989. This role brought Thomson nomination for Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film in 1988. During the 1985–1986 season, Thomson also appeared in three episodes of the Dynasty spin-off, The Colbys. After Dynasty, Thomson returned to daytime soaps. In 1990, he joined the now defunct series Santa Barbara (as the third actor to portray the character Mason Capwell). His commitment to Santa Barbara left him unable to reprise his role as Adam Carrington in the TV miniseries Dynasty: The Reunion (1991), and he was subsequently replaced by British actor Robin Sachs. Thomson had roles on The Young and the Restless, Passions, Sunset Beach, and in 2009, he appeared on Days of Our Lives. Thomson appeared in eight different series produced by Aaron Spelling: Dynasty, Fantasy Island, Finder of Lost Loves, Glitter, The Love Boat, The Colbys, Beverly Hills, 90210 and Sunset Beach. He guest-starred in a variety of other series such as Murder, She Wrote, The Nanny and Silk Stalkings. In recent years, Thomson reunited with his Dynasty co-stars in two non-fiction television specials; After Dynasty (part of the UK's After They Were Famous series) in 2002, and Dynasty Reunion: Catfights & Caviar in 2006. That same year, he had small roles in the feature films Poseidon (a remake of The Poseidon Adventure), and the Academy Award-nominated Little Miss Sunshine. From 2011, to 2014, Thomson appeared on the soap opera web series DeVanity, and in 2015 began starring as Maxmillian Winterthorne in the soap opera web series Winterthorne. In 2017, he played the role of Parker Rutledge, a ruthless Washington power player, in the Passionflix romantic drama film Afterburn Aftershock, based on The New York Times bestselling novel of the same name by Sylvia Day. Thomson guest hosted for Britain's ITV network on their then breakfast show Good Morning Britain, for which he covered celebrity events such as Wimbledon and Royal Ascot. Personal life On September 25, 2017, Thomson came out as gay. References External links 1945 births Living people Male actors from Ottawa Canadian male film actors Canadian male stage actors Canadian male soap opera actors Canadian male television actors Canadian expatriates in the United States Canadian gay actors	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%20Thomson%20%28actor%29
Saint Sabinian of Troyes (died 275) was a pagan who converted to Christianity (tradition states that he was converted by Patroclus of Troyes), and became a martyr under Aurelian. He was beheaded at Rilly-Sainte-Syre near Troyes. His feast day is 29 January. Legend Legend has it that Saint Fiacre's sister Syra came to join him in France and became a nun. She was blind, but as John O'Hanlon relates, "Through his merits, St. Fiacre had an inspiration, that his sister should recover her sight, while to her in like manner was revealed the spot where the body of St. Savinien lay. There, prostrating herself, she poured forth her soul in prayer, and her face bedewed with tears, she would not rise from the ground until her petition was heard. She was restored miraculously to the use of vision." References External links Sabinian at Patron Saints Index 29 January saints at Saint Patrick's Church 275 deaths Converts to Christianity from pagan religions 3rd-century Christian martyrs Gallo-Roman saints Year of birth unknown	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabinian%20of%20Troyes
Bromyard Town Football Club is a football club based in Bromyard, Herefordshire, England. They are currently members of the and play at Delahay Meadow. History The club was established in 1893. They were founder members of the Herefordshire League and were champions in 1946–47 and 1947–48. In 1995 the club moved up to Division One of the West Midlands (Regional) League. Following league reorganisation, they were placed in Division One South for the 1996–97 season, and in 1999–2000 they were Division One South champions, earning promotion to the Premier Division. Bromyard were relegated back to Division One after finishing bottom of the Premier Division in 2014–15, but won Division One the following season to secure an immediate return to the Premier Division. However, they were relegated again at the end of the 2015–16 season, having finished second-from-bottom of the Premier Division. Ground After playing at Broadbridge, the club purchased land at Delahay Meadow in 1986 to build a new ground, which was officially opened in 1994. Floodlights were installed in 1999. Honours West Midlands (Regional) League Division One champions 2014–15 Division One South champions 1999–2000 Herefordshire League Champions 1946–47, 1947–48 Records Best FA Cup performance: Preliminary round, 2007–08, 2009–10 Best FA Vase performance: Second round, 2001–02 See also Bromyard Town F.C. players References External links Football clubs in England Football clubs in Herefordshire Association football clubs established in 1893 1893 establishments in England Herefordshire Football League West Midlands (Regional) League	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromyard%20Town%20F.C.
Bustleholme Football Club is a football club based in West Bromwich, West Midlands, England. They are currently members of the and play at York Road in Rowley Regis. History The club was established as a youth team in 1975 by parents of the players. In 1996 they joined Division One South of the West Midlands (Regional) League. After finishing as runners-up in their 1996–97, the club were promoted to the Premier Division. Despite finishing bottom of the Premier Division in 2007–08, the club were not relegated. This was repeated the following season. In 2009–10 Bustleholme won the league's Premier Division Cup, beating AFC Wulfrunians 1–0 in the final. They avoided relegation again after finishing bottom of the Premier Division in 2012–13, but a second-from-bottom finish the following season saw the club relegated to Division One. Ground The club groundshared at Queen Street in Bilston until 2007. They later moved to Tipton Town's Tipton Sports Academy Ground, before relocating to York Road (formerly the home ground of Oldbury United) in Rowley Regis in 2018. Honours West Midlands (Regional) League Premier League Cup winners 2009–10 Records Best FA Cup performance: Extra-preliminary round, 2011–12 Best FA Vase performance: Third round, 2010–11 References External links Official website Football clubs in England Football clubs in the West Midlands (county) Association football clubs established in 1975 1975 establishments in England Sport in Sandwell West Bromwich West Midlands (Regional) League	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bustleholme%20F.C.
John MacDonald Coleman (born February 21, 1958) is an American actor who has played the role of Steven Carrington in the 1980s prime time soap opera Dynasty (1982–1988), Noah Bennet in the science-fiction drama series Heroes (2006–2010), State Senator Robert Lipton on The Office (2010–2013), and United States Senator William Bracken on Castle (2012–2015). Early life and education Coleman was born February 21, 1958, in Easton, Pennsylvania, in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania. He is a sixth-generation descendant of Benjamin Franklin. He attended Solebury School in Solesbury Township, Pennsylvania, and Duke University, where he decided to pursue acting as a career. After graduating from Duke in 1980, he attended Eugene O'Neill Theater Center in Waterford, Connecticut. Career Coleman's first major role was in Days of Our Lives, where he appeared from 1981 to 1982 as the character of Jake Kositchek (aka The Salem Strangler). He also made an appearance on Celebrity Bullseye. In 1982, he joined the cast of Dynasty when he took over the role of Steven Carrington, one of the first gay characters on American television. Coleman played the role until the end of the show's eighth season in 1988. He was a regular on the short-lived series Nightmare Cafe (1992), and appeared on the miniseries Kingdom Hospital (2004). He made guest appearances in The Net, CSI: Miami, Nip/Tuck, Without a Trace, Diagnosis: Murder, and Entourage. He co-starred as Alyson & Amanda Michalka's father in the Disney Channel Original Movie Cow Belles. He was nominated for his performance in the play Stand-up Tragedy at the Mark Taper Forum, and won a Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award for his performance in Bouncers. He wrote the screenplays for Studio City, which he produced and acted in, and Can't Help Falling. Heroes Coleman was a main cast member of science-fiction series Heroes, where he played Noah Bennet. Coleman states about portraying the character, "It's a combination of the light and dark. I don't want to just be a moustache twirling villain." In 2015, he reprised his role as Noah Bennet in an "event miniseries" Heroes Reborn, which served as a continuation of the original Heroes storyline. In 2019, he starred in the movie version of Graham Farrow's award winning, critically acclaimed stage play 'Rattlesnakes'. 2010-present Coleman appeared in an episode of The Mentalist in October 2010. He played the role of a wealthy, arrogant murder suspect named Max Winter. He also played a patient named Joe Dugan (a campaign manager of a New Jersey senator) in the House episode of "Office Politics" in 2010. In Hallmark Channel’s original movie Rock The House (2010), Jack Coleman played a lawyer named Max who finds a way to reconnect with his daughter and his old sense of joy when he gets back together with his music-making friends from his teenaged years. Starting in November 2010, Coleman had a recurring role on The Office as Pennsylvania State Senator Robert Lipton, the love interest for both Angela Martin (Angela Kinsey) and Oscar Martinez (Oscar Nunez). He has appeared in the episodes "WUPHF.com", "Classy Christmas", "Michael's Last Dundies","Goodbye, Michael", "Jury Duty", "Fundraiser", "Free Family Portrait Studio" "New Guys", "Here Comes Treble", "The Boat", "The Whale", "Customer Loyalty" and "Vandalism". From 2011 to 2012, he played Bill Forbes on the third season of the CW drama The Vampire Diaries in the episodes "The Hybrid", "The End of the Affair", "Disturbing Behavior", "The Ties That Bind" and "Bringing Out The Dead". In 2011, he appeared on the CBS drama Criminal Minds, playing Bill Rogers, a serial rapist, in the episode "Hope". In July 2012, it was announced that Coleman joined the fifth season of Castle as a new antagonist for Stana Katic’s character Kate Beckett. He has appeared in the episodes "After the Storm", "Recoil", "In the Belly of the Beast", "Veritas", "XY", and "XX" playing Senator William H Bracken. Coleman joined USA Network’s Burn Notice as a recurring part of the drama's truncated (13-episode) seventh and final season. He played Andrew Strong, a ranking CIA officer who has seen it all. Noble, but also obsessive at times, Strong is a relentless taskmaster who pushes Michael (Jeffrey Donovan) to do whatever it takes to complete the mission. In 2013, he played the closeted gay husband Daniel Douglas Langston of conservative Vice President Sally Langston on Scandal. In February 2014, he appeared in CSI: Crime Scene Investigation Season 14 Episode 15 – "Love for Sale". In 2019, he starred in the movie version of Graham Farrow's award winning, critically acclaimed stage play 'Rattlesnakes'. Personal life Coleman married actress Beth Toussaint in 1996. They have a daughter, Tess, born in 1999. Filmography Film Television References External links Jack Coleman Fansite Jack Coleman Livejournal Community Jack Coleman Facebook Fan Page 1958 births Living people 20th-century American male actors 21st-century American male actors American male soap opera actors American male stage actors American male television actors Duke University alumni Male actors from Pennsylvania Writers from Easton, Pennsylvania	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Coleman%20%28actor%29
Jane Toppan (born Honora Kelley; March 31, 1854 – August 17, 1938), nicknamed Jolly Jane, was an American serial killer who is known to have committed twelve murders in Massachusetts between 1895 and 1901; she confessed to a total of thirty-one murders. The killings were carried out in Toppan's capacity as a nurse, targeting patients and their family members. Toppan, who admitted to have committed the murders to satisfy a sexual fetish, was quoted as saying that her ambition was "to have killed more people—helpless people—than any other man or woman who ever lived". Early life Jane Toppan was born Honora Kelley on March 31, 1854, in Boston, Massachusetts, the daughter of Irish immigrants. Her mother, Bridget Kelley, died of tuberculosis when she was very young. Her father, Peter Kelley, was well known as an eccentric and abusive alcoholic, nicknamed by those who knew him "Kelley the Crack" (as in "crackpot"). In later years, Kelley was said to have sewn his own eyelids closed while working as a tailor. In 1860, only a few years after his wife's death, Kelley surrendered his two youngest children, eight-year-old Delia Josephine and six-year-old Honora, to the Boston Female Asylum, an orphanage for indigent female children; he never saw them again. Documents from the asylum note that Delia and Honora were "rescued from a very miserable home". No records exist of their experiences during their time in the asylum, but reportedly, Delia became a prostitute while their older sister Nellie (who was not committed to the orphanage) was committed to an insane asylum. In November 1862, less than two years after being abandoned by her father, Honora was placed as an indentured servant in the home of Mrs. Ann C. Toppan of Lowell, Massachusetts. Though never formally adopted by the Toppans, Honora took on the surname of her benefactors to distance herself from her former family and eventually became known as Jane Toppan. The original Toppan family already had a daughter, Elizabeth, with whom Honora was on good terms. Murders In 1885, Toppan began training to be a nurse at Cambridge Hospital. Unlike her early years, where she was described as brilliant and terrible, at the hospital she was well-liked, bright, and friendly, evoking the nickname "Jolly Jane". Once she became close with the patients, she picked her favorite ones, who were normally elderly and very sick. During her residency, Toppan used her patients as guinea pigs in experiments with morphine and atropine; she altered their prescribed dosages to see what it did to their nervous systems. However, she spent considerable time alone with patients, making up fake charts, medicating them to drift in and out of consciousness, and even getting into bed with them. Toppan was recommended for the prestigious Massachusetts General Hospital in 1889; there, she claimed several more victims before being fired the following year. She briefly returned to Cambridge but was soon dismissed for administering opiates recklessly. Toppan then began a career as a private nurse and flourished despite complaints of petty theft. Toppan began her poisoning spree in earnest in 1895 by killing her landlord, Israel Dunham, and his wife. In 1899 she killed her foster sister Elizabeth with a dose of strychnine. In 1901, Toppan moved in with the elderly Alden Davis and his family in Cataumet to take care of him after the death of his wife, Mattie (whom Toppan had murdered). Within weeks, she killed Davis, his sister Edna, and two of his daughters, Minnie and Genevieve. The surviving members of the Davis family ordered a toxicology exam on Minnie, which determined that she had been poisoned. Local authorities assigned a police detail on Toppan to watch her. On October 29, 1901, she was arrested for murder. By 1902, she had confessed to thirty-one murders. Soon after the trial, one of William Randolph Hearst's newspapers, the New York Journal, printed what was purported to be Toppan's confession to her lawyer, claiming that she had killed more than thirty-one people, and that she wanted the jury to find her sane so she could eventually have a chance at being released. Toppan insisted upon her own sanity in court, claiming that she could not be insane if she knew what she was doing and knew that it was wrong, but nonetheless she was declared insane and committed. On June 23, 1902, in the Barnstable County Courthouse, she was found not guilty by reason of insanity and committed for life in the Taunton Insane Hospital. She died there on August 17, 1938, at the age of 84. Victims Victims Toppan identified are: Israel Dunham: patient, died on May 26, 1895, aged 83 Lovely Dunham: patient, died on September 19, 1897, aged 87 Elizabeth Brigham: foster sister, died on August 29, 1899, aged 70 Mary McNear: patient, died on December 28, 1899, aged 70 Florence Calkins: housekeeper for Elizabeth, died on January 15, 1900, aged 45 William Ingraham: patient, died on January 27, 1900, aged 70 Sarah (Myra) Connors: patient and friend, died on February 11, 1900, aged 48 Edna Bannister: sister-in-law of Elizabeth, died on June 19, 1901, aged 77 Mattie Davis: Wife of Alden Davis, died on July 4, 1901, aged 62 Genevieve Gordon (Annie): daughter of Alden and Mattie Davis, died on July 30, 1901 Alden Davis: died on August 8, 1901, aged 64 Mary (Minnie) Gibbs: daughter of Alden and Mattie, died on August 13, 1901, aged 40 Motives An article in the Hoosier State Chronicles, published shortly after the arrest, reported that Toppan would fondle her victims as they died and attempt to see the inner workings of their souls through their eyes. Under questioning, she stated she derived a sexual thrill from patients being near death, coming back to life and then dying again. Toppan administered a drug mixture to the patients she chose as her victims, lay with them, and held them close as they died. Toppan is often considered an "angel of mercy", a type of serial killer who takes on a caretaker role and attacks the vulnerable and dependent, though she also murdered for seemingly more personal reasons, such as in the case of the Davis family. It is possible Toppan was also motivated by jealousy, in the case of the murder of her foster sister. She later described her motivation as a paralysis of thought and reason, a strong urge to poison. Toppan used poison for more than just murder, reportedly poisoning a housekeeper just enough so that she appeared drunk in order to steal her job and kill the family. She even poisoned herself to evoke the sympathy of men who courted her. See also Serial killers with health related professions List of serial killers in the United States List of serial killers by number of victims References Sources External links Profile, crimemuseum.org 1854 births 1885 crimes in the United States 1895 murders in the United States 1899 murders in the United States 1938 deaths 19th-century American criminals 19th-century American women 20th-century American criminals 20th-century American people 20th-century American women American female serial killers American nurses American people of Irish descent American women nurses Medical serial killers Necrophiles Nurses convicted of killing patients Nurses from Massachusetts People acquitted by reason of insanity People from Lowell, Massachusetts People from Taunton, Massachusetts Poisoners Serial killers from Massachusetts	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%20Toppan
Cokeville Meadows National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge of the United States located in Wyoming. It is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, an agency within the U.S. Department of the Interior. The refuge occupies 26,657 acres (106 km2) of wetlands along a 20 mile (32 km) stretch of the Bear River that is regarded as the finest redhead duck habitat in the region, and one of the best migratory bird sanctuaries in Wyoming. Other bird species known to inhabit the refuge include white-faced ibis, snowy egret, long-billed curlew, great blue heron, American bittern, and black-crowned night heron. bald and golden eagles as well as peregrine falcons nest on the refuge in spring and fall. Cokeville Meadows is currently closed to the public except for a wildlife viewing station, because it is new and has no visitor services. Less than a third of the designated refuge lands are under U.S. Government administration, and the rest will be purchased from private landowners who agree to sell. The refuge is managed from the Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge. The refuge is located adjacent to U.S. Route 30, south of Cokeville, Wyoming. References External links National Wildlife Refuges in Wyoming Protected areas of Lincoln County, Wyoming Wetlands of Wyoming Landforms of Lincoln County, Wyoming Meadows in the United States Protected areas established in 1993 1993 establishments in Wyoming	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cokeville%20Meadows%20National%20Wildlife%20Refuge
Dudley Town Football Club is a football club based in Dudley, West Midlands, England. The club is one of the oldest non-league teams in the Midlands region, having been established in 1888. They are members of the , although they have reached as high as the Premier Division of the Southern League, and in 1976 reached the first round proper of the FA Cup, when a crowd of over 5,000 saw them take Football League Third Division team York City to a replay. History Founding Dudley Town was founded in 1888, and in 1898 incorporated another club from the town, Dudley St John's, moving onto the latter's ground at Shavers End and entering the Birmingham & District League. After World War I the club was dormant for a number of years, but in 1928 it was re-formed and entered the Cradley Heath and District League, before moving on to the Worcestershire Combination. In 1932 the club moved into the Sports Ground, which had been built as part of a project to provide work for a large number of unemployed men in the borough in the inter-war years. Over 16,000 people attended the opening match at what was to remain the Robins' home for fifty years. In the early 1930s, Dudley dominated the Worcestershire Combination and soon moved up to the more prestigious Birmingham League. Unfortunately, the club could not bear the increased financial strain and folded shortly before World War II. Post World War II After the war, the club was resurrected and progressed via the Birmingham Combination to rejoin the Birmingham League, which in 1962 was renamed the West Midlands (Regional) League. The club enjoyed a run to the first round of the FA Cup in the 1976–77 season, where they were drawn against York City and held them to a draw at The Sports Ground in front of a reported 5,000 fans, before losing 4–1 in a replay. In the 1981–82 season, the Robins were promoted to the Southern Football League Midland Division for the first time in the club's history. During that same season, the club installed floodlights for the first time. The floodlights were switched on by local hero Billy Wright. Reportedly Wolverhampton Wanderers even turned down a prestigious close season tour to allow Wright to perform the ceremony. The club also refurbished the 1,800 seat stadium and installed a VIP section, press box, and state of the art public address system. In the 1984–85 season, Dudley won the Southern League Midland Division to be promoted to the Southern League Premier Division for the first time, helped by strikers Brian Beresford and Brendan Drummond scoring over 50 goals between them. In the same year, however, days after the final game of the season was played against Stourbridge and clinching the title, mine workings under the adjacent cricket ground collapsed, leading to the Sports Ground and the club's stadium being closed down and condemned, forcing the Robins to ground share with a number of different local clubs. There were a number of plans over the next few years for the old ground to be made safe and enable the club's return, but this never happened and by the early 1990s it was decided that the ground would be redeveloped as a business and leisure park. On 24 April 1986 Dudley won the Birmingham Senior Cup against local rivals Willenhall Town 4–2. This was played at West Bromwich Albion's ground, The Hawthorns in front of over 4,000 fans. In 1988 the club moved to a new permanent home at the Round Oak Stadium in Brierley Hill, where they celebrated a successful centenary year, however by 1996 the costs of the ground were spiralling. The club officially moved out in 1996, to a ground share arrangement at the home of Halesowen Town, with plans to sell Round Oak. For a while after leaving Dudley Sports Centre in 1986, there was speculation that the old ground would be made safe and Dudley Town could be playing back there by 1990, but these plans came to nothing and by the year 2000 the site was being developed as a leisure and commercial park. However, the proposed sale dragged on, and in 1997, facing increasing financial difficulties, the club was forced to resign its place in the Southern League and close down. At the end of the 2020–21 season Dudley Town were transferred to Division One of the Midland League when the Premier Division of the West Midlands (Regional) League lost its status as a step six division. Current status In late 1997, club president Nevil Jeynes reformed the club and they were accepted into the West Midlands (Regional) League, exactly 100 years after they had first joined its predecessor, the Birmingham League. After two years ground-sharing with local rivals Gornal Athletic, the decision was taken to leave the borough of Dudley and play at The Beeches, home of Tividale, situated just over the border since border changes in 1966. After a four-year exile, Town returned to the borough in 2003, having signed a deal to play for the next five years at The War Memorial Athletic Ground in Amblecote, but in 2007 the club moved once again to the Dell Sports Centre in Brierley Hill. In the same year, they received entry into the FA Cup after an absence of over 15 years. Nonetheless, the club still plans to eventually return to a ground in the heart of Dudley itself and hopes to challenge for an eventual return to the Southern League. The 2008–09 season saw Dudley Town achieve their highest ever points total of 79 and finish once again in 5th position. The season also saw their longest ever run in the FA Vase, reaching the second round before losing away against Daventry Town. The goalscoring exceeded that achieved in the last 14 years, with three players scoring over 15 goals. The season also ended with them being awarded FA Charter Standard. Their fifth-place finish in the 2006–07 West Midlands (Regional) League was their biggest achievement in a decade. The 2022–23 season saw Dudley promoted to step 5 as Champions. Honours 1906 Bass Charity Vase Champions 1933–34 Champions Birmingham Combination. 1945–46 Joint Holders Worc Senior Cup. 1947–48 Runners up Birmingham Comb. 1964–65 Runners Up Birmingham Senior Cup. Winners Camkin Cup. 1980–81 Runners up West Mids Lge Div 2 Cup. 1983–84 Runners up Birmingham Senior Cup. 1984–85 Champions Southern Lge Mid Div. Runners up Worc Senior Cup. 1985–86 Winners Birmingham Senior Cup. 2006–07 Runners up in West Midlands Premier League Cup. 2006–07 Runners up in Birmingham Midweek Floodlit Cup. 2022-23 Midland Football League Division One Champions. Records Best league performance: 12th in Southern League Premier Division, 1985–86 Best FA Cup performance: 1st round proper, 1976–77 Best FA Trophy performance: 2nd round, 1984–85 and 1995–96 Best FA Vase performance: 2nd round 2008–09, 2013-14, 2019-20, and 2023–24 Biggest win: 12–3 v Wolverhampton United, October 2011 / 9-0 v Mahal, August 2012 Most goals in a game: 6, Bobby Watson v Tamworth, April 1967 Most goals in a season: 56, Frank Treagust, 1947–48 Sources References External links Official website Football clubs in England Sport in Dudley Association football clubs established in 1893 West Midlands (Regional) League Southern Football League clubs Football clubs in the West Midlands (county) 1893 establishments in England Midland Football League	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudley%20Town%20F.C.
Nora Kelly may refer to: Nora Kelly (writer) (born 1945), American-born Canadian mystery writer Nora Kelly (journalist), New Zealand-born Australian journalist, poet and playwright, who wrote as Nora McAuliffe Jane Toppan (1857–1938), born Honora Kelley, American serial killer	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nora%20Kelly
Goodrich F.C. was a football club based in Wolverhampton, West Midlands, England. The team joined the West Midlands (Regional) League Division One North in 1997, having emerged from local works football. From 2004 until 2012 the team played in the West Midlands (Regional) League Premier Division. History The Goodrich club had links to Aero Lucas FC, who played in the West Midland (Regional) League between 1983 and 1989, and fielded a second team who played in the Wolverhampton Works League. When the first team dropped out of the West Midlands League in 1989, the second team took over, re-forming the club in 1995 as Lucas Flight Controls. In 2001 the club changed its name to Lucas Sports (Wolverhampton) before settling on Goodrich in 2003. Having originally joined the West Midlands League in 1997, in their first season as Goodrich, the club finished third in Division One (North) and were beaten finalists in the League Cup, before winning the title to gain promotion into the Premier Division the following season. During the course of the 2004–05 season, Goodrich ground-shared with local rivals Wednesfield while improvements were carried out to get their own ground and facilities up to the required Premier Division standard. After completion of the work, the club returned to the Goodrich Sports Ground for the 2005–06 campaign under new joint managers Martin Hughes and Steve Woodcock, who replaced Dean Parkes, who resigned after ten years in charge. Goodrich resigned from the West Midlands (Regional) League in May 2012, citing costs as the reason for their resignation. Youth team In July 2011, Goodrich set up a youth team to compete in the Midlands Floodlit Youth League. Honours West Midlands (Regional) League Division One champions 2003–04 Club records Best league performance: 6th in West Midlands (Regional) League Premier Division – 2006–07 Best FA Cup performance: Extra Preliminary Round – 2008–09, 2009–10 Best FA Vase performance: Second Qualifying Round – 2007–08, 2009–10 Sources External links Club website Defunct football clubs in England Sport in Wolverhampton Association football clubs established in 1995 Defunct football clubs in the West Midlands (county) 1995 establishments in England Works association football teams in England	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodrich%20F.C.
Alvey Augustus Adee (November 27, 1842 – July 4, 1924) was a long-time official with the United States Department of State who served as the acting Secretary of State in 1898 during the Spanish–American War. He was the second of three senior State Department officials—the first being William Hunter and the third Wilbur J. Carr—whose overlapping careers provided continuity and good management in American foreign policy for over a century, from the administration of President Andrew Jackson until that of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Early years Adee was born at Astoria, New York, November 27, 1842, son of Amelia Kinnaird Graham and Augustus Alvey Adee, fleet surgeon in the U.S. navy. His siblings are George, Willie, William and David Graham Adee. Adee was educated under private tutors. A native of Queens, New York City, he got his start in diplomacy by becoming the private secretary of Daniel Sickles, whom Adee accompanied to Madrid when Sickles was named the U.S. Minister to Spain in 1869. While in Madrid, Adee met and was befriended by John Hay, who was then the Secretary of the U.S. Legation there. Adee was appointed the position at Madrid, on September 9, 1870, where he served as chargé d'affaires several times. Career Adee stayed at the Legation in Madrid for eight years, then returned to the United States to take a temporary secretary position in Washington, D.C., with the State Department on July 9, 1877, and a year later, on June 11, 1878, he was named the Chief of the department's Diplomatic Bureau. On July 18, 1882, he was promoted to Third Assistant Secretary, and on August 3, 1886, he was promoted again to Second Assistant Secretary, a position he held until his death 38 years later. He received the degree of A.M. from Yale University in 1888. The apex of Adee's career came during the Spanish–American War in 1898. The Secretary of State, John Sherman, was old and in poor health, and the Assistant Secretary of State, William R. Day, was inexperienced in diplomacy, which meant that Adee, as the third-ranking officer in the department, effectively supervised U.S. diplomacy during the war. With both Sherman and Day having left the department, from September 17 to 29 of that year, Adee became acting Secretary of State in name as well as fact for two weeks, until John Hay returned from England to take over as the new Secretary. Adee was again in effective charge of the State Department during the Boxer Rebellion in August and September, 1900, because Hay was ill and the Assistant Secretary David Jayne Hill was away from Washington. Last years After 1909, Adee's influence (and health) steadily waned, though he was allowed to remain as Second Assistant Secretary. He continued to work until his death on July 4, 1924, at his residence, 1019 Fifteenth Street Northwest. He is buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C. Adee never married and fathered no children. He was well known for his annual summer bicycling trips through Europe, which he continued until the outbreak of the First World War, and on which he was usually accompanied by Alexander Montgomery Thackara, American consul general at Berlin and later Paris, and his wife Eleanor, daughter of General William Tecumseh Sherman. Legacy Adee is said to be a major influence on characterization of Nero Wolfe by Rex Stout according to the latter's official biographer John J. McAleer. Adee being a scholar, sleuth, gourmet, bachelor, a model of efficiency, a master of the English language is said to have inspired the characterization of Wolfe. References Citations Sources An Appreciation of Alvey Adee at www.unc.edu External links 1842 births 1924 deaths 19th-century American diplomats 20th-century American diplomats People from Astoria, Queens United States Assistant Secretaries of State Acting United States Secretaries of State Burials at Oak Hill Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvey%20A.%20Adee
Amelia Sach (1873 – 3 February 1903) and Annie Walters (1869 – 3 February 1903) were two British murderers better known as the Finchley baby farmers. Background Little is known about Annie Walters, but Amelia Sach's background is well-documented: Sach was baptised Frances Amelia Thorne in Hampreston, Dorset on 5 May 1867. She was the fourth child of ten and had three sisters. She married a builder called Jeffrey Sach in 1896. Sach was active long before she engaged Walters. By 1902, she was working from 'Claymore House', a semi-detached, red-brick villa in East Finchley, North London. Sach was a qualified midwife. Sach was herself a mother; the England and Wales census of 1901 shows that a daughter named Lilian was born to her in Clapham. She lied about her age – she was 32, not 29. Walters' background is unknown, but she had been married. She seems to have had a drinking problem and she would periodically advertise herself as a sick nurse. On her arrest, she was determined to be "feeble", that is to say, feeble-minded. There is a small possibility that the pair may have been involved in an earlier homicide that resulted in another woman being executed. In 1899, Louise Masset was tried for the murder of her young son Manfred, whose body was found in the ladies' lavatory at Dalston Junction railway station. Circumstantial evidence suggested that Louise was the murderer, and the killing was to be rid of a supposed encumbrance due to her wanting to marry a man named Lucas. However, in her claims of innocence, Louise said she had taken Manfred out of the care of one woman to give him to two ladies she met who had an establishment for the care of growing children. The police claimed they made some effort in looking for the two women, but the extent of their investigation is unknown. In any event, Louise Masset was tried and convicted of the murder and, despite a petition for mercy, was executed on 9 January 1900. Crimes Amelia Sach operated a "lying-in" home in Stanley Road and later at Claymore House in Hertford Road (both in East Finchley), London. Around 1900, she began to advertise that babies "could be left" and took money for adoptions. The clients, judging from the witness accounts, were mostly servants from local houses who had become pregnant and who had employers who were keen for the matter to be resolved discreetly. There was a charge for lying-in and another for adoption, a "present" to future parents of between £25 and £30. Annie Walters would collect the baby after it was born, then murder it with a poisonous mixture of chlorodyne (a medicine containing morphine). They were caught after Walters raised the suspicions of her landlord in Islington who was a police officer. An unknown number of babies were murdered this way, although the figure is considered to be in excess of a dozen. During their trial at the Old Bailey, the quantity of baby clothes found at Claymore House was used as evidence to indicate the sheer scale of their crimes. A local campaign to have their sentences commuted to life failed, and they became the first women to be hanged at Holloway on 3 February 1903 by William Billington in what was the only double-hanging of women to be carried out in modern times. Aftermath The bodies of Sach and Walters were buried in unmarked graves within the walls of Holloway Prison, as was customary. In 1971, the prison underwent an extensive programme of rebuilding, during which the bodies of all the executed women were exhumed. With the exception of Ruth Ellis, the remains of the four other women executed at Holloway (i.e. Styllou Christofi, Edith Thompson, Sach, and Walters) were subsequently reburied in a single grave (plot 117) at Brookwood Cemetery. The grave is marked with a horizontally laid grey granite tombstone, and the names of all the occupants are engraved on it. The precise location of Sach and Walters' grave within Brookwood Cemetery is . In popular culture The plot of Nicola Upson's novel Two for Sorrow (2010, Faber & Faber, London; Harper, New York) revolves around the aftermath of the Finchley Baby Farming affair. Both Sach and Walters appear as characters. See also List of serial killers in the United Kingdom References Books Jesse, F. Tennyson Murder and Its Motives (Garden City, New York, Doubleday & Company—Dolphin Books, 1924, 1958, 1965), 240p. The book's introduction has a section on the "Baby Farming" murder cases, including 3 pages on Sachs and Walters—p. 32–34 in this edition. 1903 deaths 20th-century executions by England and Wales Criminal duos Burials at Brookwood Cemetery English murderers of children English people convicted of murder English serial killers Executed British female serial killers Executed English people Executed English women People convicted of murder by England and Wales Place of birth unknown Poisoners Baby farming	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia%20Sach%20and%20Annie%20Walters
Gornal Athletic Football Club is a football club based in Lower Gornal, Dudley, in the West Midlands county in England. They are currently members of the and play at the Garden Walk Stadium. History The club was established in 1945 under the name Lower Gornal Athletic. They joined the Worcestershire Combination. They finished bottom of the league in 1954–55. In 1963 the club transferred to the West Midlands (Regional) League, although their reserve team remained in Division Two of the Worcestershire Combination. When the West Midlands (Regional) League gained a second division in 1965, the club became members of the Premier Division. In 1972 the club were renamed Gornal Athletic. Although they finished bottom of the Premier Division in 1978–79, they avoided being relegated. However, the 1979–80 season saw them finish second-from-bottom of the division, resulting in relegation to Division One. The club were Division One runners-up in 1983–84, and after finishing as runners-up again in 1993–94, they were promoted back to the Premier Division. Gornal Athletic finished bottom of the Premier Division in 2002–03 and were relegated to Division One South. However, they won the division at the first attempt, earning an immediate promotion back to the Premier Division. They went on to finish second in the Premier Division in 2005–06. The club were Premier Division champions in 2011–12 and were promoted to the Midland Alliance. However, they were relegated back to the West Midlands (Regional) League Premier Division at the end of the 2013–14 season. In 2016–17 they finished bottom of the Premier Division and were relegated to Division One. Honours West Midlands (Regional) League Premier Division champions 2011–12 Division One South champions 2003–04 Worcestershire Junior Cup Winners 1962–63 Records Best FA Cup performance: Third qualifying round, 1975–76 Best FA Trophy performance: Third qualifying round, 1971–72 Best FA Vase performance: Quarter-finals, 2012–13 Record transfer fee received: £2,100 from Cardiff City for George Andrews and Gary Bell, 1965–66 See also Gornal Athletic F.C. players References External links Official website Football clubs in England Football clubs in the West Midlands (county) 1945 establishments in England Association football clubs established in 1945 Sport in Dudley Midland Football Combination West Midlands (Regional) League Midland Football Alliance	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gornal%20Athletic%20F.C.
Claire Yarlett (born February 15, 1965) is an English-born American actress, best known for her role as Bliss Colby in The Colbys, the spin-off series to the 1980s prime-time soap opera Dynasty. She also starred on the short-lived TV series Robin's Hoods. Filmography Film Television References External links 1965 births Living people American television actresses Place of birth missing (living people) American soap opera actresses English emigrants to the United States 21st-century American women	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire%20Yarlett
Great Wyrley F.C. was a football club based in Great Wyrley, Staffordshire, England. They joined the West Midlands (Regional) League Division Two in 1980. For the 2006–07 season, they were members of the West Midlands (Regional) League Premier Division but resigned from the league in October having played only four matches. History Great Wyrley joined the West Midlands (Regional) League in 1980 and won three divisional titles. In 2005 they gained promotion to the Premier Division for the first time and finished third in their first season in the top division, but financial problems at the start of the subsequent season led them to start the season late, fail to fulfil a number of fixtures, and ultimately withdraw from the league in October 2006. They won the local JW Hunt Cup twice and the Staffordshire Challenge Vase on three occasions. Honours West Midlands (Regional) League Division One champions 2004–05 Division One North champions 1996–97 Division Two champions 1982–83 Club records Best league performance: 3rd in West Midlands (Regional) League Premier Division, 2005–06 Best FA Cup performance: none Best FA Vase performance: none Sources Defunct football clubs in England Defunct football clubs in Staffordshire Great Wyrley Staffordshire County League (South) Association football clubs disestablished in 2006	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Wyrley%20F.C.
WS-MetaDataExchange is a web services protocol specification, published by BEA Systems, IBM, Microsoft, and SAP. WS-MetaDataExchange is part of the WS-Federation roadmap; and is designed to work in conjunction with WS-Addressing, WSDL and WS-Policy to allow retrieval of metadata about a Web Services endpoint. It uses a SOAP message to request metadata, and so goes beyond the basic technique of appending "?wsdl" to a service name's URL See also List of web service specifications Web services References External links W3C Working Draft of WS-MetadataExchange WS-MetadataExchange Specification Web service specifications	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WS-MetadataExchange
Heath Hayes Football Club was a football club based in Heath Hayes near Cannock, Staffordshire, England. They played at the Coppice Colliery Ground. History The club was established in 1965 as Heath Hayes United, breaking away from the Heath Hayes Co-op Youth Club. They initially played in the Cannock Youth League, before joining Division Two of the Cannock Chase League for their second season. The club were soon promoted to Division One and then the Premier Division. After moving their base from the Five Ways Inn to the Constitutional Club, the club was renamed Heath Hayes Cons. They won the Premier Division of the Cannock Chase League in 1971–72 and 1972–73, and subsequently moved up to the Mid-Staffordshire League and then the Staffordshire County League (South). Heath Hayes were Staffordshire County League (South) Division One champions in 1976–77 and were promoted to the Premier Division. They won the league's Premier Trophy in 1986–87 and went on to win the Premier Division title the following season. After retaining the Premier Division title in 1988–89 and returning to the Five Ways Inn in 1989, the club adopted their current name and moved up to the Staffordshire Senior League. In 1994 the league was renamed the Midland League, with Heath Hayes becoming members of Division One. In 1996 the club transferred to Division One North of the West Midlands (Regional) League. They were Division One North champions in 1998–99 season, earning promotion to the Premier Division. In 2001–02 Heath Hayes won the Staffordshire Senior Vase with a 3–0 win over Alsager Town in the final. In 2006 the club transferred to the Premier Division of the Midland Combination. They won the Staffordshire Senior Vase again in 2008–09, beating Ball Haye Green 2–1 in the final. After winning the Premier Division title in 2009–10 the club were promoted to the Midland Alliance. In 2014 the Midland Alliance and Midland Combination merged to form a new Midland League, with Heath Hayes placed in the Premier Division. However, they finished bottom of the division in the league's inaugural season and were relegated to Division One. The 2015–16 season saw the club win the final edition of the Staffordshire Senior Vase when they beat Lichfield City 4–0 in the final. The club folded at the end of the 2022–23 season after losing control of their ground. Honours Midland Combination Premier Division champions 2009–10 West Midlands (Regional) League Division One North champions 1998–99 Cannock Chase League Premier Division winners 1971–72, 1972–73 Staffordshire County League (South) Premier Division champions 1987–88, 1988–89 Division One champions 1976–77 Premier Trophy Winners 1986–87 Staffordshire Senior Vase Winners 2001–02, 2008–09, 2015–16 Records Best FA Cup performance: Preliminary round, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2012–13 Best FA Vase performance: Third round, 2007–08, 2010–11 See also Heath Hayes F.C. players References External links Official website Defunct football clubs in England Defunct football clubs in Staffordshire Association football clubs established in 1965 1965 establishments in England Association football clubs disestablished in 2023 2023 disestablishments in England Staffordshire County League (South) Midland Football League (1994) West Midlands (Regional) League Midland Football Combination Midland Football Alliance Midland Football League	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heath%20Hayes%20F.C.
Def Wish Cast (sometimes known as Def Wish Posse or abbreviated to DWC) are an Australian hip hop group from Western Sydney. Biography Def Wish Cast are an Australian hip hop group who are among the few founders of Australian hip hop, "having created something localised that was revered and is now mythologized." The group also states its hip hop credentials through its lyrics, rapping that they are "always hardcore/ 'cos hardcore means true to the music." DJ Vame stated that being "true to the music" is shown by Def Wish Cast's faithfulness to the "original instruments" of hip-hop: two turntables and a microphone. Originally, Def Wish Cast was composed of MCs Simon Bottle (a.k.a. DefWish), Pablo Chiacchio (a.k.a. Die C), Paul Westgate (a.k.a. Sereck) and featured turntablism by DJ Vame (Shane Duggan). DWC promote Australian culture by not only explicitly naming local suburbs of Sydney, but also by rapping in an Australian accent. Their distinct Australian sound helped gain the crew notoriety both locally and internationally through graffiti mags. Def Wish Cast embrace not only the music, but all elements of the hip hop culture, including graffiti art and bboying. DefWish and Sereck are shown bboying a lot in the Def Wish Cast. They can be seen bboying in Aust (Down Under Comin Upper), Saturday Night by the Sound Unlimited Posse and one of their latest releases Dun Proppa. Although Def Wish Cast is characterised by many traditional elements of hip hop, the group has combined the genre's origins in African American culture with their own local identity. Sereck has said the group respects hip hop's origins in the South Bronx and abroad but that DWC creates something that is distinctly from the Australian hip hop scene, stating, "it's our thing". For this, Def Wish Cast represents Aussie hip hop in a global market. Def Wish Cast begun performing onstage in 1990, and they signed a record deal with Random Records in 1991. In 1992, the group released a run of 500 four track vinyl EPs, Mad As A Hatter, which featured MC DefWish's Australianised ragga style on the track "Proppa Ragga" (which later appeared on the compilation album 15.Oz Vinyl in 2004). "Proppa Ragga" was the first Australian hip hop track to receive recognition outside the country, coming in at number 2 on Norway's NRK's Hip Hop show (hosted by Tommy Tee). In 2012, a copy of Mad As A Hatter sold on eBay for A$540. Def Wish Cast then went on to release one of the first full-length Australian hip hop albums, Knights of the Underground Table, in 1993. Only the Sound Unlimited LP A Postcard From The Edge of the Under-Side came before it, which was released on a major label, CBS Records. Def Wish Cast then independently toured Australia, becoming the first Australian hip hop group to tour nationally. After limited commercial success, in 1995 DJ Vame moved to Melbourne, leaving the group in hiatus for almost a decade. During this period, DefWish, Die C and Sereck pursued other interests. MC DefWish concentrated on his band "The Quickness". In 1996, Sereck examined the Sydney hip hop culture in the first Australian hip hop documentary, Basic Equipment. The documentary was made by Paul Fenech (creator of SBS' Pizza series) and narrated by Sereck. It featured MC Trey, Def Wish Cast, DJ Bonez, DJ A.S.K, Mistery and Wizdm from Brethren and more. The 28-minute program was not aired until the following year. Sereck founded a record label of the same name following the airing of the documentary, and he also united artists from Sydney's hip hop scene to form the Basic Equipment Crew. The collective includes DJ Sing, Frequency Unknown, Sleek the Elite, and DJ Vame, among others. Def Wish Cast reunited briefly in 1997 to record and contribute the track "Hear My Raw" for the international compilation Bomb Worldwide. The album was released through the San Francisco label Bomb Records. Due to a very small market for Australian urban music at that time, limited commercial response to their first album and the absence of DJ Vame, Def Wish Cast did not record again as a group for almost decade. Since officially re-uniting in 2002, DJ Vame has been replaced by DJ Murda One. The following year, the group released their comeback LP The Legacy Continues..., 14 years after their debut. The lead single "Allstars" was featured in the soundtrack of the film Bra Boys. In 2011, Def Wish Cast released a digital single and video clip for "Dun Proppa", a song from their upcoming album Evolution Machine. The same year, Knights of the Underground Table placed 91st on Triple J's "Industry List" as part of the Triple J Hottest 100 Australian Albums of All Time, 2011 poll. The "Industry List" included some of the country's top musicians and industry experts. Discography Albums and EPs Mad as a Hatter - Random (1992) Knights of the Underground Table - Random (1993) The Legacy Continues... - Hydrofunk (2006) Evolution Machine - MGM 2010 Singles "A.U.S.T." - Random (1993) "Allstars" - Hydrofunk (2006) "DunProppa" - MGM&Creative Vibes (2011) "Forever" - MGM&Creative Vibes (2011) Compilations "Hear My Roar", Bomb Worldwide - Bomb Records (1997) "Proppa Ragga", 15.Oz Vinyl: 15 Years of Australian Hip Hop on Vinyl - Crookneck Records (2004) "Allstars", Bra Boys: Music From The Film - Sony BMG (2007) "DunProppa", Battle of the Year "Daily Nightmare (1991 Demo Version)", Underground United Vol. 4 - Underground United (2022) Guest appearances and contributions "Boogie Boy", DefWish & DJ Sing (Feat. Tom Thum) - Airheads Two - Australian Beats And Rhymes (2005) "It's Only Right", 13th Son (Feat. Sereck on backing vocals) - Airheads Two - Australian Beats And Rhymes (2005) "Too Damn Long", Sereck - Airheads Two - Australian Beats And Rhymes (2005) Production "Wattz A Kila?", Kilawattz (DJ Vame, production) - Basic Equipment (1998) "The Last One", Dope Runner (DJ Vame, production) - Basic Equipment (1998) "Flow", Brethren (Sereck, production) - Basic Equipment (1998) "Nothins gonna stop me" - 13th Son (Sereck Production) (2001) "By The Wayside", 13th Son (Sereck, production) - Culture of Kings Volume 2'' (2002) Award and nominations APRA Awards The APRA Awards are presented annually from by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA), "honouring composers and songwriters". ! \|- \| 2012 \| "Dun Proppa" \| Song of the Year \| \| \|- References External links Rap Cella's Def Wish Cast Profile Australian hip hop groups New South Wales musical groups	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Def%20Wish%20Cast

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