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Chung Mong-joon or Chung Mong Joon (, born November 15, 1951) is a South Korean businessman and politician. He is the sixth son of Chung Ju-yung, founder of Hyundai, the second-largest South Korean chaebol before its breakup in 2003. He remains the controlling shareholder of a Hyundai offshoot, Hyundai Heavy Industries Group, parent of the world's largest shipbuilding company. He is also the chairman of the board of the University of Ulsan and Ulsan College in Ulsan, South Korea. He is the founder and the honorary chairman of The Asan Institute for Policy Studies. He was Honorary Vice-president of FIFA and president of the South Korean football association. Political career and personal life Chung became a politician when he was elected as an assembly man in 1988 and served consecutive 7 terms in two different electoral districts. Initially, he was elected in Dong District, Ulsan, where the predominant share of the population consisted of employees of the Hyundai Heavy Industries Group, its affiliated companies' employees, and their families. Most of other population in Dong District run businesses related with serving those workers and their families. Chung served as a representative of this particular district for 20 years. He joined Grand National Party in 2007 shortly before 2007 South Korean presidential election, declaring his support to that party's presidential candidate Lee Myung-bak. As a member of Grand National Party, he switched his electoral district to Dongjak District, Seoul, and represented there as an assembly man for 2 terms until 2014 when he had to give up that seat to run for mayor of Seoul, but the election was lost to Park Won-soon leaving no political titles for Chung after. Grand National Party changed its name to Saenuri Party in 2012. Chung had announced his candidacy for FIFA president. However he was banned from all football activities for six years by FIFA Ethics Committee in October 2015. In 2018, the ban was reduced to 15 months by the Court of Arbitration for Sport due to "mitigating factors." Presidential campaign of 2002 In 2002, he ran for the presidency, but later gave up his candidacy supporting Millennium Democratic Party's candidate Roh Moo-hyun. Their coalition was motivated to prevent Grand National Party from winning the presidential election. South Korean regionalism became much more serious and antagonistic under President Kim Dae-jung's term. President Kim is the only South Korean president coming from Jeolla province, whereas all the other South Korean presidents since General Park Chung Hee's military coup in 1961 have been from Gyeongsang province. Those of Koreans who despised Jeolla province supported Grand National Party, and the party exploited such sentiments for its political gains of denouncing President Kim and his government. Throughout President Kim' term, Grand National Party was accused by civil rights groups and media for instigating anti Jeolla sentiments. Chung and Roh Moo-hyun objected such self-destroying regionalism in South Korea, and advocated reconciliation between Jeolla and Gyeongsang provinces. Their coalition was intended to defeat the party which was seen to exploit regionalism. Chung participated in Roh's presidential campaign up to the last day before the election, Dec 19, 2002. On Dec 18 afternoon, before the crowd of his supporters in Myeong-dong, Seoul, Roh suggested Chung Dong-young and Choo Mi-ae as viable choices of candidates for the next presidential race in 2007. Roh suggested those Democratic Party's politicians when he saw some of the crowd having slogans "Chung Mong-joon for the next presidential candidate" Roh's suggestion was not intended to exclude Chung as a presidential candidate, but to encourage and to praise his party's politicians in return to their supports to his presidential campaign. Several hours after this, Chung's spokeswoman officially announced Chung's withdrawal from supporting Roh. Roh's presidential camp was stunned by this, and Roh tried to allay Chung by visiting his home in person on the very last night before the presidential election, but Chung kept his front door closed and refused to see Roh. Nevertheless, Roh went on to win the election on the following day for the victory of all of those Koreans who wished to see regionalism end in South Korea. Chung's joining of Grand National Party is an irony because his withdrawal from the presidential race in 2002 supporting Roh Moo-hyun was responsible for Grand National Party's failure in winning the presidential election. The party's candidate Lee Hoi-chang received absolute support from conservative or anti Jeolla voters. By the help of Chung's withdrawal, the election became bipolar between Roh and Lee, and Roh turned out to be a winner receiving exclusive support from reform-minded Korean voters. Grand National Party had to wait another 5 years to produce a president from this defeat. Also his declaration to support Lee Myung-bak when he joined Grand National Party is an irony. When Chung's father Chung Ju-yung ran for the presidency in 1992, Lee Myung-bak supported Kim Young-sam instead of Chung Ju-yung despite the fact that Lee made fortune and fame when he worked at Hyundai. Chung Ju-yung even bought him a luxurious house when Lee worked for Chung Ju-yung. So Chung supported his father's ex subordinate who in fact hadn't supported his father in earlier presidential race. Chung's brother Chung Mong-hun, then the president of Hyundai Asan who pioneered South and North joint Mount Kumgang tour business, committed suicide on Aug 4, 2003 when he was investigated by prosecutors for his alleged $400 million cash remit to North Korea shortly before 2000 North-South summit. Initially this suspicion was raised from US when Congressional Research Service reported such allegation from CIA source on March 5, 2002. Upon hearing of such report, Grand National Party made use of this suspicion to attack the legitimacy of President Kim Dae-jung's government, and demanded thorough investigation through hearings and independent special prosecutors. Several weeks before leaving his office, President Kim gave an apology and advised no investigation for this matter for fear of aggravating North and South's relation, and Chung Mong-hun also confessed much of the allegations to public in his final attempt to evade investigation. But Grand National Party was resolute in its demand for formal investigation. Shortly after Roh's inauguration, Grand National Party passed the law entitling special prosecutors to investigate this case, taking advantage of its majority seats in National Assembly. Roh's regime wasn't able to refuse the demand of investigation, and Chung Mong-hun committed suicide when he was investigated about the use of $15 million worth of Korean won which was suspected to had been money laundered after its withdrawal from Hyundai's bank accounts. In fact, the money wasn't part of $400 million cash remittance to North Korea. North Korea blamed Grand National Party immediately after Chung Mong-hun's suicide. So Chung Mong-joon has joined the party which could be considered to be responsible for his brother's death, but Chung blames President Roh instead. In his autobiography which was published in 2011, Chung argues that President Roh didn't refuse Grand National Party's demand of investigation because he believes Roh actually wanted to investigate his brother to revenge on his withdrawal of supporting Roh in 2002 presidential election. There is another ironical point behind Chung's joining of Grand National Party. The party tried to dig and disclose Chung's private life information to defame him in 2002 presidential election These included his alleged prior diagnosis of mental disorder in school years, his cheating incidence during final exam in college years, questionable identity of his real mother, discredit of his Johns Hopkins University doctoral degree, etc. Some of these rumors have turned out to be true. In conclusion Chung settled at the party which had been at odds with him before. Chung was known to be suspended and repeat courses for cheating final exam when he was a freshman in Seoul National University. He was caught by an exam monitor when he was peeping at some other classmate's exam over shoulder during final exam. He was reported to disciplinary committee and got such punishment after the incidence. Chung gave an excuse for this, saying he cheated final exam trying to finish it early to go out with his friends. Chung is the only known public figure in Korean history having such record. Chung's real mother is unknown. When he ran for the South Korean presidency in 2002, Grand National Party explored this point. They speculated about the identity of Chung's real mother. They speculated that his real mother could be a house maid, a geisha, or a particular traditional musician whom Chung Ju-yung had an affair with. In fact, in his interview with news reporters in 2002, Chung indicated that his real mother is someone else, saying he would reveal the truth someday. It was reported that he was crying when he was questioned about his real mother. Chung explained about his real mother in his autobiography in 2011. Chung says that when he studied in US in 1978, he received a letter from someone in Korea who claimed to be his real mother. He hurried to return to Korea, and met her at her place, according to his autobiography. Chung said that it was the first and last time that he was going to see her. Presidential campaign of 2012 Shortly after he published his autobiography in 2011, some South Korean media reported an allegation that his shipbuilding company bought a large sum of his autobiography in order to make it known as a best seller. The media gathered that information after interviewing inside personnel, and found that Hyundai Heavy Industries Group distributed gift certificates to thousands of their employees to purchase Chung's autobiography. It was reported that they required employees to return the books along with receipts to the company after purchase, and added a special instruction not to purchase large volumes at once for fear of getting suspicions from public. On top of publishing his autobiography, Chung also donated huge sums of money and set up a charity foundation in 2011, a year before 2012 presidential election. He contributed $200 million worth of Korean won from selling approximately 5% of his assets and established the Asan Sharing Foundation, which offers educational opportunities and financial assistance to young people from low income families. He said he funded it to commemorate his late father Chung Ju-yung, but many couldn't dismiss reasonable suspicion that his motivation was to impress the public before the presidential election. In fact, Chung didn't deny such suspicion, arguing that donation is supposed to good regardless of purpose. Chung didn't think of Park Geun-hye as accomplished as himself before 2012 presidential election. When he decided to compete with Park, he said he was a better choice as a presidential candidate because of his educational background and work experience. When he pointed out Park's disadvantage, he argued that expertise of politics and economy is not something to be achieved in a short time. When Park Geun-hye wrote an article about North Korean issue in Foreign Affairs, Chung discredited it claiming someone else had written it under her name. Therefore, it was clear that he wouldn't miss 2012 presidential election. In 2012, he ran for the presidency, but only briefly. He was the first politician who submitted application for registration as a preliminary presidential candidate on May 1, 2012, but dropped out of the race in a couple of months. He wanted rule change for primary election so that general population choose party's presidential candidate, but he wasn't able to make this demand sound serious to Grand National Party, since Park Geun-hye's followers dominated and controlled the party. He gave up his candidacy and supported Park after. When he advertised Park at streets, he was saying to crowd that Park was prepared, and she was the one to take good care of economy and diplomacy. Chung is losing popular support in South Korean politics now. When he ran for assemblyman in 2008, he received 54.41% of votes in Dongjak District, but for the following election in 2012, he just received 50.80% barely surviving to lose to the opposition candidate. When he ran for mayor of Seoul in 2014, he received 43.03% votes from Seoul residents, losing to then incumbent mayor of Seoul and previous civil rights activist Park Won-soon, who received 55% of the total vote. It turned out that Chung's electoral district, Dongjak voted only 41.80% for Chung whereas it gave 57.45% for Park. Education Graduated, Choongang High School Bachelor of Arts in Economics, Seoul National University Master of Business Administration, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Doctor of Philosophy, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University Family References External links Official website Info on FIFA.com Website Chosun Daily Special Report (2002) BBC News profile (2002) Soccerphile.com interview \|- \|- Seoul National University alumni Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies alumni South Korean businesspeople Converts to Presbyterianism Members of the National Assembly (South Korea) 1951 births Living people South Korean Presbyterians People from Busan South Korean billionaires MIT Sloan School of Management alumni South Korean presidential candidates, 2012 Hyundai Heavy Industries Group Hyundai people South Korean football executives South Korean football chairmen and investors	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chung%20Mong-joon
Tilbury Town railway station is on a loop line of the London, Tilbury and Southend line, serving the town of Tilbury, Essex. It is down the line from London Fenchurch Street via and it is situated between and . Its three-letter station code is TIL. The station was opened on 15 June 1885 with the name Tilbury Dock by the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway. It was renamed Tilbury Town on 3 August 1934. It is on a link known as the Tilbury Loop, which joins the main line at the London end at and at the country end at . A bus link is provided for the Gravesend ferry, replacing the rail link to which was closed in 1992. Today, the station and all trains serving it are operated by c2c. Services The typical off-peak service consists of: 2 trains per hour (tph) to London Fenchurch Street via ; 2 tph to Southend Central. In popular culture The station plays two roles in the 2009 film Fish Tank – it appears in the film, and the star, Katie Jarvis, was recruited after a scout saw her arguing with her boyfriend at Tilbury Town station. The station and its environs in the Victorian era are also mentioned briefly in Robert Roberts' 1895 book Diary of a Voyage to Australia, New Zealand, and Other Lands, written a mere 10 years after the station opened. The station appears in the 2016 film, Grimsby where it was temporarily rebranded from "Tilbury Town" to "Grimsby Town" to match the setting where the main characters grew up. References External links Transport in Thurrock Railway stations in Essex DfT Category D stations Former London, Tilbury and Southend Railway stations Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1885 Railway stations served by c2c Railway stations serving harbours and ports in the United Kingdom Tilbury	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilbury%20Town%20railway%20station
Prince George's County Public Schools (PGCPS) is a public school district that serves Prince George's County, Maryland. During the 2023-2024 academic year, the district enrolls 133,000 students and operates over 200 schools. PGCPS is the second-largest school district in Maryland, the third-largest district in the Washington-Baltimore metropolitan area, the 18th-largest in the United States, and the nation's largest school district with a majority-black student population. Headquartered in Upper Marlboro, PGCPS is the county's sole school district. The Prince George's County Board of Education (BoE) comprises 14 members who oversee the Superintendent. The current Superintendent is Millard House II. History Early years of PGCPS (1899–1974) In 1899, Laurel High was founded as the first high school in Prince George's County. Situated at Montgomery and Eighth Streets in Downtown Laurel, it began with nine teachers and 59 students, with the 1900 graduating class being all women. The school's roof served as a Civil Defense Aircraft Spotting Station during World War II. By 1965, the school relocated to a more expansive campus. The original building, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, now functions as a community center. In 1952, the school district permitted black students to attend grades 1-12. Before this, black students in the county were limited to the 11th grade, while only white students could progress to the 12th grade. PGCPS ran three high schools exclusively for black students before desegregation: Marlboro Colored High (now Frederick Douglass High School) in Upper Marlboro, Lakeland High School in College Park and Fairmont Heights High School. Desegregation (1974–2009) In 1974, Prince George's County became the nation's largest school district mandated to implement a busing plan to address segregation. Despite the county's over 80% white demographic at the time, specific communities near Washington, D.C. had denser black populations. Although school boundaries were based on communities, the NAACP contended they mirrored segregated housing patterns. Consequently, a federal court mandated a school busing plan. A 1974 Gallup poll indicated that 75% of the county opposed forced busing, with just 32% of black respondents in favor. The court-mandated busing commenced abruptly mid-school year, excluding final-year high school students. This swift transition disturbed regular school activities and affected family life due to altered schedules, transportation challenges, and disrupted extracurriculars. By 2001, the court concluded that segregation had been sufficiently addressed. The busing order ended, and neighborhood-centric school boundaries were reinstated. School mergers and consolidation (2009–2019) In 2009, the Prince George's County Public Schools Board voted to merge eight under-enrolled schools and bolster its magnet program offerings. This decision was informed by community consultations, public hearings, and over 2,500 survey responses. Key aspects of the 2009 consolidation: Eight schools, including Berkshire, John Carroll, and John E. Howard Elementaries, were permanently closed for the 2009-2010 academic year. Five schools, like Andrew Jackson Middle and Samuel P. Massie Elementary, transitioned to K-8 programs. Benjamin D. Foulois Elementary was converted into a K-8 Creative & Performing Arts magnet center. Concord, Dodge Park, District Heights, and Oakcrest elementary schools remained open despite potential closure considerations. By 2016, additional school consolidations occurred due to changing student populations, particularly in the southern parts of the county. Conversely, northern regions, including Beltsville and Hyattsville, saw increased enrollment and overcrowding. Data Breachs and COVID-19 impact (2020-present) Because of The COVID-19 impact, PGCPS schools went through lockdown after March 13, 2020. The 2020-2021 school year was online during the year until April 2021 with hybrid learning. The 2021-2022 was virtual for some and in-person for some. Because of COVID-19 cases increasing during Late 2021. PGCPS went through online school mode again until January 18, 2022 for in-person students and January 31, 2022 for virtual students to go to in-person school. In August 14, PGCPS encountered a data breach which caused all students and staff to be locked out. Students had to reset their password during The week of August 28, while staff had to reset it right now. PGCPS were able to regain control of their systems within the first 12 hours. PGCPS sent a message to every student in the district about the cyber attack. Starting from the 2023-2024 school year, clear backpacks are required for high school students and Non Traditional Program North, South and Middle and optional for middle school students to combat shooting in the district. Demographics For the 2023-2024 academic year, PGCPS boasts an enrollment of over 133,000 students. In the DC area, only neighboring Montgomery County Public Schools in Maryland and Fairfax County Public Schools in Virginia surpass this number. Based on September 2022 demographic data, the racial and ethnic composition of PGCPS students is as follows: Further, 60.4% of students participate in the federal Free and Reduced Lunch program, 10.4% are enrolled in special education courses, and nearly 25% of PGCPS students are English language learners. Superintendent/CEO In 2013, a governance reorganization led by then-County Executive Rushern Baker renamed the superintendent position to Chief Executive Officer of PGCPS. Dubbed a 'takeover' of the county's school system, this shift increased the operational control for the CEO while limiting the school board's powers. Dr. Kevin Maxwell was the inaugural CEO of Prince George's County Public Schools, serving until 2018. He was succeeded by Dr. Monica Goldson, who remained in the position through the 2022-2023 school year. After a rigorous 6-month nationwide search, the district shortlisted three candidates. Following an interview with County Executive Angela Alsobrooks, Millard House II, former Superintendent of the Houston Independent School District, was chosen to succeed Dr. Goldson. With House's appointment as Superintendent in June 2023, the district ceased referring to its head as CEO. List of superintendents: Millard House II (2023–present) Monica Goldson, CEO (interim 2018–2019; 2019–2023) Kevin M. Maxwell, CEO (2013–2018) Alvin Crawley (interim 2012–2013) William R. Hite, Jr. (interim 2008–2009; 2009–2012) John E. Deasy (2006–2008) Howard A. Burnett (interim 2005–2006) André J. Hornsby (2003–2005) Iris T. Metts (1999–2003) Jerome Clark (1995–1999) Edward M. Felegy (1991–1995) John A. Murphy (1984–1991) Edward J. Feeney (1976–1984) Carl W. Hassel (1970–1976) William S. Schmidt (1951–1970) G. Gardner Shugart (1944–1951) Nicholas Orem Sr. (1921–1943) E.S. Burroughs (1915–1921) Frederick Sasscer Jr. (1902–1914) Transportation Prince George's County Public Schools operates its bus system, providing student transportation. The fleet comprises various school bus models from Blue Bird Corporation, IC Bus, and Thomas Built Buses, all running on diesel. Accessible buses are available for special-needs children. All buses bear the Prince George's County Public Schools inscription. With 12 bus lots, the transportation department dispatches over 1,900 drivers and 1,200 buses on more than 5,000 routes. Annually, at least 83,000 students utilize these services. Routes are labeled with three-digit numbers like 615 or a combination of letters and numbers such as B12. Besides daily commuting, buses also serve school field trips, athletic events, and other sanctioned activities within Maryland and the region. Bus ridership is contingent on the student's distance from school, generally around two miles for intermediate/secondary schools and one and a half miles for primary institutions. Notably, the district offers students in magnet programs bus service throughout the county, with ridership not contingent on the student's proximity to school. List of schools High schools All high schools in Prince George's County operate with a "comprehensive" model as their base, with the exception of the new Academy of Health Sciences at Prince George's Community College, which is a middle college program. All students are assigned to a high school based on an attendance area. Magnet Programs operate as a "School-Within-A-School" model, where the magnet serves as an alternative program---in addition to the main comprehensive program---and students from outside the regular attendance area of the high school are enrolled and accepted into the magnet, either through continuity (automatic continuation from a middle school magnet program to the high school level equivalent) or more commonly, through a Magnet Lottery, in which students apply for a magnet program and are granted acceptance through a random drawing. Enrollment into the Center for the Visual and Performing Arts is through audition only. Several high schools have also implemented a Smaller Learning Community model, where they offer anywhere from two or more Academy Programs, which effectively breaks a school down into several smaller schools within the school, by allowing students to essentially declare a major (such as a student attending a college or university) through career academies such as "Arts, Media, and Communication" or the "National Academy of Finance," for example. All high schools within PGCPS operate on a staggered school day schedule, where some high schools start as early as 7:45am and end as early as 2:25pm, and other high schools start as late as 9:30am and end as late as 4:10pm. All high schools operate on an alternating A/B-day block scheduling system, where one group of classes are taken on "A-Days" and a different group of classes are taken on "B-Days," and the cycle repeats. Most high schools have between three and four lunch shifts, depending on enrollment and eating accommodations. The only exceptions are Eleanor Roosevelt High School — which has adopted a modified hybrid block schedule in which both traditional single period courses and double period (block schedule) courses are integrated — and the Academy of Health Science at Prince George's Community College. {\| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="5" style="border-collapse:collapse" \|+ High schools \|- style="background:darkblue;" !style="width:235px;"\|School !Website !Location !style="width:90px;"\|Opening date (current facility) !Grades !Enrollment (2014–15) !Square footage !style="width:80px;"\|Attendance hours (start/end) !Specialized programs \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Academy of Health Sciences at Prince George's Community College \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Largo \| align="center"\|2011 \| align="center" \|9-12 \| align="right"\|397 students \| align="center"\|N/A \| align="center" \|9:30a – 4:40p \| Current program(s): Academy of Health Sciences \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: This high school is run in conjunction with the Prince George's Community College (PGCC) with classes being held on the PGCC campus, and is the State of Maryland's first middle college. The school admitted the first class of 100 freshmen in the fall of 2011. A new grade level will be added each year until a full, four-year, grades 9-12 high school is operational. There will be a total of 400 students. \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Bladensburg High School \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Bladensburg \| align="center"\|1936 \| align="center"\|9–12 \| align="right"\|1,857 students \| align="right"\|304,000 \| align="center"\|9:30a – 4:10p \| Current program(s): Biomedical Magnet Program; Career and Technical Education Magnet Program; Academy of Hospitality and Tourism; America's Choice School Design Signature Program Future program(s): Academy of Health and Biosciences; Academy of Graphic Arts, Media and Communications \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: Bladensburg received a state-of-the-art replacement facility in August 2004. \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Bowie High School (included with Bowie High School Annex) \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Bowie \| align="center"\|1965 \| align="center"\|10–12 \| align="right"\|2,442 students \| align="right"\|280,306 \| align="center"\|7:45a – 2:25p \| Current program(s): SUMMIT Scholar Signature Program Future program(s): Academy of Information Technology; Performing Arts Academy; Academy of Environmental Sciences \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: Bowie High School has two physical campuses. 10th-12th grade attend classes at the main campus and 9th graders attend classes at the Belair Annex (a former middle school) a half mile away. Bowie was ranked #1,173 on Newsweeks 2010 list of Top 1500 Public High Schools in America. The SUMMIT Scholar Program at Bowie is a four-year course of study through which a select group of students (60-65 students per grade level) follow a comprehensive curriculum combining accelerated honors level and rigorous Advanced Placement course work. The program combines honors, SUMMIT, and Advanced Placement courses, yet remains an integral part of the high school community at Bowie; SUMMIT scholars do not comprise a school within a school. \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Bowie High School Annex (included with Bowie High School) \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Bowie \| align="center"\|1963 \| align="center"\|9 \| align="right"\|N/A \| align="right"\|102,351 \| align="center"\|7:45a – 2:25p \| Current program(s): SUMMIT Scholar Signature Program Future program(s): Academy of Information Technology; Performing Arts Academy; Academy of Environmental Sciences \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: Bowie High School has two physical campuses. 10th-12th grade attend classes at the main campus and 9th graders attend classes at the Belair Annex (a former middle school) a half mile away. Bowie was ranked #1,173 on Newsweeks 2010 list of Top 1500 Public High Schools in America. The SUMMIT Scholar Program at Bowie is a four-year course of study through which a select group of students (60-65 students per grade level) follows a comprehensive curriculum combining accelerated honors level and rigorous Advanced Placement course work. The program combines honors, SUMMIT, and Advanced Placement courses yet remains an integral part of the high school community at Bowie; SUMMIT scholars do not comprise a school within a school. \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Central High School \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Walker Mill \| align="center"\|1961 \| align="center"\|9–12 \| align="right"\|1,004 students \| align="right"\|168,366 \| align="center"\|7:45a – 2:25p \| Current program(s): French Immersion Magnet Program; International Baccalaureate (IB) Magnet Program; Law, Education and Public Service Academy; AVID Signature Program; America's Choice School Design Signature Program Future program(s): Global Studies Academy; Academy of Graphic Arts, Media and Communications \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: Central was ranked #1,429 on Newsweeks Top 1500 Public High Schools in America for 2010. It is an IB World School. Programs they have include Architecture and Design, Global Studies, Graphic Arts, Media and Communications Health and Biosciences Consumer Services, Hospitality and Tourism Law, Education and Public Service Cosmetology(CAPS) Culinary(CAPS) Electrical(CAPS) Carpentry(CAPS) French Immersion Nursing(CAPS) \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Crossland High School \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Camp Springs \| align="center"\|1963 \| align="center"\|9–12 \| align="right"\|1,081 students \| align="right"\|313,276 \| align="center"\|7:45a – 2:25p \| Current program(s): Technical Academy Magnet Program; International Baccalaureate (IB) Program (non-magnet); Global Studies Academy; America's Choice School Design Signature Program; Crossland Evening High School Future program(s): Academy of Architecture and Design; Academy of Transportation Technologies; Performing Arts Academy \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: Crossland was named an IB World School in 2009. \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Frederick Douglass High School \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Upper Marlboro \| align="center"\|1965 \| align="center"\|9–12 \| align="right"\|940 students \| align="right"\|184,417 \| align="center"\|7:45a – 2:25p \| Current program(s): International Baccalaureate (IB) Middle Years Programme; America's Choice School Design Signature Program Future program(s): Academy of Global Studies; Academy of Business and Finance; Academy of Information Technology \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: Frederick Douglass is an IB World School. \|- \| rowspan="2"\|DuVal High School \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Lanham \| align="center"\|1960 \| align="center"\|9–12 \| align="right"\|1,697 students \| align="right"\|281,281 \| align="center"\|8:30a – 3:10p \| Current program(s): Aerospace Engineering and Aviation Technology Program; Project Lead The Way Pre-Engineering Academy; America's Choice School Design Signature Program; Academy of Consumer Services, Hospitality & Tourism; Academy of Humanities, Leadership & Public Service; Academy of Engineering and Science; Academy of Graphic Arts, Media and Communications Future program(s): Academy of Transportation Technologies \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: DuVal received a state-of-the-art, $13.4 million USD, 65,995 sq. ft., 600-student classroom addition in 2007. This added a music wing and two-story academic wing. Starting in 2014, DuVal housed a new specialized Aerospace Engineering and Aviation Technology Program. Admission is based on competitive examination only, and prospective students take the same specialized examination currently used for entrance into the Science and Technology Center. DuVal is currently constructing a new Aerospace building that will be placed next to the Cafeteria. \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Fairmont Heights High School \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Chapel Oaks \| align="center"\|1950 \| align="center"\|9–12 \| align="right"\|788 students \| align="right"\|174,128 \| align="center"\|8:30a – 3:10p \| Current program(s): Biotechnology Magnet Program; National Academy of Finance; Information Technology; America's Choice School Design Signature Program Future program(s): Academy of Environmental Studies; Performing Arts Academy \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: Fairmont Heights is one of three PGCPS high schools which house a special Health and Wellness Center', an on-site medical facility operated under the auspices of the county's Health Department. \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Charles Herbert Flowers High School \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Springdale \| align="center"\|2001 \| align="center"\|9–12 \| align="right"\|2,032 students \| align="right"\|332,500 \| align="center" \|7:45a – 2:25p \| Current program(s): Science and Technology Center Magnet Program; National Academy of Finance; Project Lead The Way Pre-Engineering Academy; ProStart: Hospitality and Restaurant Management Program Future program(s): Academy of Engineering and Science; Academy of Information Technology \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: Flowers was ranked #1,445 on Newsweeks Top 1500 Public High Schools in America, for 2009. \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Friendly High School \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Friendly \| align="center"\|1970 \| align="center"\|9–12 \| align="right"\|979 students \| align="right"\|236,861 \| align="center"\|7:45a – 2:25p \| Current program(s): Academy of Health and Biosciences; America's Choice School Design Signature Program Future program(s): Academy of Engineering and Science; Academy of Information Technology \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Gwynn Park High School \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Brandywine \| align="center"\|1956 \| align="center"\|9–12 \| align="right"\|1,064 students \| align="right"\|194,845 \| align="center"\|7:45a – 2:25p \| Current program(s): Technical Academy Magnet Program; America's Choice School Design Signature Program; Academy of Consumer Services, Hospitality and Tourism; Academy of Environmental Studies; Academy of Information Technology; Future program(s): Academy of Transportation Technologies \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: \|- \| rowspan="2"\|High Point High School \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Beltsville \| align="center"\|1954 \| align="center"\|9–12 \| align="right"\|2,426 students \| align="right"\|318,376 \| align="center"\|8:45a – 3:25p \| Current program(s): AVID Signature Program; Academy of Engineering and Science Future program(s): Academy of Environmental Studies; Academy of Military Science \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: High Point received the Siemens Award for Advanced Placement in 2004. High Point was ranked #1,361 on Newsweeks Top 1500 Public High Schools in America, for 2010. U.S. News & World Report named High Point a Silver Medal School in 2010. \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Largo High School \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Largo \| align="center"\|1970 \| align="center"\|9–12 \| align="right"\|1,026 students \| align="right"\|243,581 \| align="center" \|7:45a – 2:25p \| Current program(s): Biotechnology Magnet Program; AVID Signature Program; America's Choice School Design Signature Program; Largo Evening High School Future program(s): Academy of Health and Biosciences; Academy of Hospitality and Tourism \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Laurel High School \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Laurel \| align="center"\|1961 \| align="center"\|9–12 \| align="right"\|1,814 students \| align="right"\|371,531 \| align="center"\|7:45a – 2:25p \| Current program(s): Technical Academy Magnet Program; International Baccalaureate (IB) Program (Non-Magnet); Academy of Global Studies; America's Choice School Design Signature Program Future program(s): Academy of Transportation Technologies; Academy of Information Technology; Academy of Architecture and Design \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: Laurel completed a 600-student classroom addition and a new auditorium in the spring of 2010. Laurel was ranked #1,343 on Newsweeks Top 1500 Public High Schools in America, for 2010. It is an IB World School. \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Northwestern High School \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Hyattsville \| align="center"\|1951 \| align="center"\|9–12 \| align="right"\|2,262 students \| align="right"\|386,000 \| align="center"\|Comprehensive9:30a – 4:10p CVPA Magnet8:15a – 4:10p \| Current program(s): The Jim Henson Center for the Visual and Performing Arts Program; America's Choice School Design Signature Program; School of Business Management and Finance (National Academy of Finance, Academy of Business Management); School of Human Resource Services (The International Studies Academy, NJROTC Academy of Military Science); School of Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology (Project Lead The Way Pre-Engineering Academy); Colours Performing Arts Program; Northwestern Evening High School; Northwestern Adult Evening High School; Northwestern Saturday Academy Future program(s): Academy of Law, Education and Public Service; Performing Arts Academy \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: Northwestern received a state-of-the-art, $45 million replacement facility, which opened in August 2000. At 386,000sq. ft., it was then the largest high school in the state of Maryland in terms of total square footage. It was surpass in physical size by the new Dr. Henry Wise, Jr. HS (also in Prince George's County), in 2006. Northwestern is the second largest high school in Maryland. U.S. News & World Report named Northwestern a Silver Medal School in 2010. Northwestern became the county's second location for the Center for the Visual and Performing Arts program in the fall of 2013. The program is in-boundary only, and draws students from the Hyattsville Middle School for the Creative and Performing Arts. Entrance into the program is through competitive audition only. Northwestern is one of three PGCPS high schools which house a special Health and Wellness Center, an on-site medical facility operated under the auspices of the county's Health Department. \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Oxon Hill High School \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Oxon Hill \| align="center" \|1948 \| align="center"\|9–12 \| align="right" \|1,456 students \| align="right"\|243,048 \| align="center"\|9:30a – 4:10p \| Current program(s): Science and Technology Center Magnet Program; AVID Signature Program; America's Choice School Design Signature Program; Academy of Business and Finance (Academy of Accounting and Finance, Academy of Business Administrative Services, Academy of Business Management); Academy of Engineering; Academy of Graphic Arts and Media; Academy of Consumer Sciences, Hospitality and Tourism (Academy of Hospitality and Restaurant Management); Academy of Military SciencesFuture program(s): Academy of Health and Biosciences \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: Oxon Hill was ranked #957 on Newsweeks Top 1500 Public High Schools in America, for 2010. In August 2013, Oxon Hill relocated into a brand new LEED-certified building, that replaced the decades-old former facility. The new school was constructed adjacent to the former building. Oxon Hill is one of three PGCPS high schools which house a special Health and Wellness Center, an on-site medical facility operated under the auspices of the county's Health Department. \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Parkdale High School \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Riverdale \| align="center"\|1968 \| align="center"\|9–12 \| align="right"\|2,148 students \| align="right"\|265,201 \| align="center"\|7:45a – 2:25p \| Current program(s): International Baccalaureate (IB) Magnet Program; America's Choice School Design Signature Program; Academy of Global Studies; Capital One Student Banking ProgramFuture program(s): Academy of Architecture and Design; Academy of Law, Education and Public Service; Academy of Military Science \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: Parkdale received a state-of-the-art, 400-seat classroom addition in November 2007. Parkdale was ranked #1,481 on Newsweeks Top 1500 Public High Schools in America, for 2010. Parkdale is an IB World School. \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Potomac High School \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Oxon Hill \| align="center"\|1965 \| align="center"\|9–12 \| align="right"\|1,145 students \| align="right"\|218,083 \| align="center"\|7:45a – 2:25p \| Current program(s): America's Choice School Design Signature Program; National Academy of Finance; School of Arts, Media and Communications (Academy of the Arts-Dance, Academy of the Arts-Music, Academy of the Arts-Visual); School of Business Management and Finance (Academy of Finance, Academy of Business Management); School of Consumer Services, Hospitality and Tourism (Academy of Hospitality and Restaurant Management); School of Human Resource Services (Academy of Homeland Security and Military Science, Academy of Law, Education and Public Service, Teacher Academy of Maryland); School of Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology (Project Lead the Way Pre-Engineering Academy, Information Technology)Future program(s): Academy of Environmental Studies; Academy of Graphic Arts, Media and Communications \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: Potomac received a state-of-the-art, 600-seat classroom addition in January 2008. \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Eleanor Roosevelt High School \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Greenbelt \| align="center"\|1974 \| align="center"\|9–12 \| align="right"\|2,504 students \| align="right"\|327,458 \| align="center"\|8:30a – 3:10p \| Current program(s): Science and Technology Center Magnet Program; Capstone Program; Gilder-Lehrman American History Program; National Academy of Finance; Quality Education in Science and Technology (QUEST) Program/Academy of Information Technology (AOIT) \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: Eleanor Roosevelt has been twice recognized as a National Blue Ribbon School of Excellence, in 1991 and 1998, as well as a Maryland Blue Ribbon School of Excellence in 1991 and 1998. It was named a New American High School in 1999, and it received the Siemens Award for Advanced Placement in 2002. Roosevelt was named a National School of Character in 2002. It was ranked #409 on Newsweeks 2010 list of "Top 1500 Public High Schools in America. U.S. News & World Report named Roosevelt a Silver Medal School in 2008. \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Suitland High School (included with Suitland High School CVPA Annex) \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Suitland \| align="center"\|1951 \| align="center"\|9–12 \| align="right"\|1,806 students \| align="right"\|324,046 \| align="center"\|Comprehensive8:40a – 3:25pCVPA Magnet8:30a – 4:40p \| Current program(s): Center for the Visual and Performing Arts Magnet Program; International Baccalaureate (IB) Magnet Program; Technical Academy Magnet Program (the Jesse J. Warr Vocational Center); America's Choice School Design Signature Program; Navy Junior ROTC (NJROTC) Academy; School of Business and Finance (National Academy of Finance; Academy of Homeland Security and Military Science)Future program(s): Academy of Architecture and Design; Academy of Transportation Technologies \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: Suitland High School has two physical campuses: the main campus and the "annex" (a former elementary school) located directly behind the main campus, which houses the majority of the school's Center for the Visual and Performing Arts magnet program. Suitland was named a 1989 National Blue Ribbon School of Excellence and a 1989 Maryland Blue Ribbon School. It is an IB World School. \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Suitland High School CVPA Annex (included with Suitland High School) \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Suitland \| align="center"\|1963 \| align="center"\|9-12 \| align="right"\|N/A \| align="right"\|70,933 \| align="center"\|Comprehensive8:30a – 3:10pCVPA Magnet8:30a – 4:40p \| Current program(s): Center for the Visual and Performing Arts Magnet Program; International Baccalaureate (IB) Magnet Program; Technical Academy Magnet Program (the Jesse J. Warr Vocational Center); America's Choice School Design Signature Program; Navy Junior ROTC (NJROTC) Academy; School of Business and Finance (National Academy of Finance; Academy of Homeland Security and Military Science)Future program(s): Academy of Architecture and Design; Academy of Transportation Technologies \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: Suitland High School has two physical campuses: the main campus and the "annex" (a former elementary school) located directly behind the main campus, which houses the majority of the school's Center for the Visual and Performing Arts magnet program. It was named a 1989 National Blue Ribbon School of Excellence. \|- \| rowspan="2"\|Dr. Henry A. Wise, Jr. High School \| align="center"\|Link \| align="center"\|Upper Marlboro \| align="center"\|2006 \| align="center"\|9–12 \| align="right"\|2,255 students \| align="right"\|434,600 \| align="center"\|9:00a – 3:40p \| Current program(s): Technical Academy Magnet Program; Academy of Health and Biosciences; Academy of Computer NetworkingFuture program(s): Performing Arts Academy \|- \| style="background:#fff;" colspan="8"\|Notes & comments: At 434,600 sq. ft. and with a capacity of 2,600 students, Wise is the largest high school in the state of Maryland when measured by total square footage. It was completed in August 2006 and features a 5,000-seat professional gymnasium, the largest of any school in the Washington metropolitan area. \|} Middle schools Intermediate schools are referred to as "middle schools" in the PGCPS system, and operate as grades 6–8 middle schools. Grades 7–9 junior high school were phased out in the mid-1980s. Recent efforts have been made to convert most middle schools to the more popular grades 6–8 model. Issues in the past such as over-enrollment, lack of classroom space, and funding, had made it hard to convert all middle schools to a grades 6–8 configuration, but with increased funding and the addition of new middle schools, the transition is slowly being made, to be completed by the beginning of SY2024-2025. Most middle schools in Prince George's County operate with a "comprehensive" model, as their base. Most students are assigned to a middle school based on an "attendance area." Most magnet programs operate as a "School-Within-A-School" model, where the magnet serves as an alternative program, in addition to the main comprehensive program, and students from outside the regular attendance area of the middle school are enrolled and accepted into the magnet, either through "continuity" (automatic continuation from an elementary school magnet program to the middle school level equivalent) or more commonly, through a magnet lottery, where students apply for a magnet program and are granted acceptance through a random drawing. Almost all middle schools have a whole-school "Signature Program" that includes a specialized program of instruction which is the foundation of the school's comprehensive program. All middle schools in the PGCPS operate on a staggered school day schedule, where some middle schools start as early as 7:30 am and the end as early as 2:50 pm, and other middle schools start as late as 9:00 am and end as late as 4:20 pm. All middle schools operate on a modified block scheduling system, where some classes meet for as long as 70-minutes, daily. For the 2012-13 school year and beyond, an additional 40-minutes of instruction time has been added to the school day for all middle schools and their students, within the school district. In a cooperative effort of the county government, Board of Education, and the Maryland-National Capital Park & Planning Commission (M-NCPPC) some M-NCPPC community centers are physically connected to middle schools, throughout the district. The unique community park/school centers features shared use areas which include a gymnasium, multi-purpose room, exercise/fitness room, dance room, arts and crafts room, computer lab, offices; storage areas, patio area, and restrooms. There are tennis courts and unlighted fields located on-site at select centers. Dedicated magnet schools Dedicated magnet schools are offered in the PGCPS system at the PreK-8th grade, elementary and middle school level only. As of 2012-13, Glenarden Woods and Heather Hills are the only full elementary-level dedicated magnet schools in the system. Dedicated magnet schools are "whole school" programs and differ from traditional comprehensive schools, as (1) all students at the school are enrolled and receive instruction in the magnet program and (2) traditional attendance areas for assigning students to a school are replaced by much larger geographical attendance zones, usually split between north county (areas north of Central Avenue) and south county (areas south of Central Avenue). Whole school, dedicated magnet programs are offered through the Creative and Performing Arts, French Immersion, Montessori, and Talented & Gifted Center magnet programs. Students receive specialized instruction that varies from the typical comprehensive program, offered at most other schools. Students are selected for the magnet programs through a magnet lottery for the French Immersion and Montessori programs and also for the Creative and Performing Arts program at the elementary school level. Acceptance into the Creative and Performing Arts program is through audition only at the middle school level. Acceptance into the TAG Centers at Glenarden Woods and Heather Hills Elementary Schools is through specialized TAG testing only. Combined elementary and middle schools Pre-kindergarten through grade 8 schools are essentially combined elementary and middle schools, facilitated in one building. Most of these schools are referred to as "academies" in the school district. The elementary school usually starts at pre-kindergarten and ends at grade 5 and the middle school starts at grade 6 and ends at grade 8. These schools usually offer a slightly enhanced standard of learning and studies have suggested that students have benefited from being in one continuous facility from kindergarten through 8th grade, without having the disruption having to attend a brand new school, for the middle school years. Cora L. Rice Elementary School and G. James Gholson Middle School are not true academies. Both schools are housed in one facility but they operate as two completely separate schools for all intents and purposes. Elementary schools Elementary schools in Prince George's County operate in several configurations, ranging from Pre-K (Head Start) through grade 6. Most elementary schools operate under a kindergarten through grade 6 configuration, and lack a pre-kindergarten/Head Start program. More recently, with boundary realignments to ease overcrowding and with the opening of newer and larger schools and increased funding, several schools have changed to a PreK-6th grade configuration while others have added a Pre-kindergarten, but dropped the sixth grade, to change to a Pre-K through grade 5 school. The sixth grades from those schools were added to the elementary schools' feeder middle schools. In a cooperative effort of the county government, board of education, and the Maryland National Capital Park & Planning Commission (M-NCPPC), several M-NCPPC community centers are physically connected to elementary schools, throughout the district. The unique community park/school centers features shared use areas which include a gymnasium, multi-purpose room, exercise/fitness room, dance room, arts and crafts room, computer lab, offices, storage areas, patio area, and restrooms. Tennis courts and unlighted fields are located on-site at select centers. Accolades and achievements Newsweeks America's Best High Schools In June 2010, seven PGCPS high school were listed in Newsweeks annual list of the top 1600 high schools in the nation. This was up from five county high schools which made the list from the previous year. The 2010 list included Eleanor Roosevelt High School in Greenbelt (#409), Oxon Hill High School in Oxon Hill (#957), Bowie High School in Bowie (#1,173), Laurel High School in Laurel (#1,343), High Point High School in Beltsville (#1,361), Central High School in Capitol Heights (#1,429), and Parkdale High School in Riverdale (#1,481). The schools are ranked on the number of Advanced Placement, International Baccalaureate and/or Cambridge tests taken by all students in a school in 2009, divided by the number of graduating seniors, called the "Challenge Index". The schools represent the top six percent of all public high schools in America. In June 2009, five PGCPS high schools were named in the best high schools list. It included Bowie High School in Bowie, Charles Herbert Flowers High School in Springdale, High Point High School in Beltsville, Oxon Hill High School in Oxon Hill, and Eleanor Roosevelt High School in Greenbelt. Eleanor Roosevelt ranked the highest out of county schools at 372nd on the nationwide list, Oxon Hill ranked 918th, High Point ranked 961st, Bowie ranked 1,370th, and Charles Herbert Flowers ranked 1,445th. U.S. News & World Reports Best High Schools Since 2007, U.S. News & World Report has ranked high schools in PGCPS among the Best High Schools in America. High Point High School, Northwestern High School, and Eleanor Roosevelt High School have been recognized as Silver Medal Schools. State and national Blue Ribbon Schools PGCPS has 16 state Blue Ribbon Schools, 13 of which are USDE National Blue Ribbon Schools of Excellence. National Blue Ribbon Schools of Excellence Beacon Heights Elementary School, Riverdale, 2003–04 Columbia Park Elementary School, Landover, 1987–88 Fort Foote Elementary School, Fort Washington, 2000–01 Glenarden Woods Elementary School, Glenarden, 2005–06 Greenbelt Center Elementary School, Greenbelt, 1991–92 Heather Hills Elementary School, Bowie, 1989–90 Templeton Elementary School, Riverdale, 1998–99 Whitehall Elementary School, Bowie, 2011–12 Kenmoor Middle School, Landover, 1988–89 Dora Kennedy French Immersion, Greenbelt, 2013–14 Kettering Middle School, Upper Marlboro, 1992–93 Martin Luther King, Jr. Middle School, Beltsville, 1992–93 Eleanor Roosevelt High School, Greenbelt, 1990-91 & 1997-98 Suitland High School, Forestville, 1988–89 Maryland Blue Ribbon Schools Beacon Heights Elementary School, Riverdale, 2003–04 Bond Mill Elementary School, Laurel (year N/A) Columbia Park Elementary School, Landover, 1987–88 Fort Foote Elementary School, Fort Washington, 2000–01 Glenarden Woods Elementary School, Glenarden, 2005–06 Greenbelt Center Elementary School, Greenbelt, 1991–92 Heather Hills Elementary School, Bowie, 1989-90 & 2006-07 Rockledge Elementary School, Bowie, 1997–98 Whitehall Elementary School, Bowie, 2011–12 Templeton Elementary School, Riverdale, 1998–99 Kenmoor Middle School, Landover, 1988–89 Dora Kennedy French Immersion, Greenbelt, 2013–14 Kettering Middle School, Upper Marlboro, 1992–93 Martin Luther King, Jr. Middle School, Beltsville, 1992–93 Eleanor Roosevelt High School, Greenbelt, 1990-91 & 1997-98 Suitland High School, Forestville, 1988–89 Magnet programs and centers Magnet programs were first implemented in PGCPS in 1985, to fulfill a court-ordered desegregation mandate. Up until as late as the late 80s, Prince George's County had been predominantly white in terms of racial demographics. In order to desegregate mostly all-White schools in the school system, PGCPS created several magnet programs that eventually were instituted in over fifty schools, spread throughout the county. By the late 1990s, the population demographics of the county had shifted towards a mostly African American majority. Magnet programs (as they were set up) were costing PGCPS approximately $14 million per year, to operate. The programs were costly and this was exacerbated by the fact that the school system's operating budget was greater than the final budget the school system had traditionally been allotted, an issue that had plagued the school system for years. Since the county's population now primarily consisted of African Americans, and due to the expense of operating the Magnet Schools Program, courts began to investigate the justification of PGCPS's magnet program. In 2004, a court ruled to discontinue court-ordered busing which had existed in the county, for over 30 years, based primarily on the fact that desegregation was no longer an issue in the predominantly Black Prince George's County. With the ending of the court-ordered busing, also came changes to the school system's Magnet Schools Program. The program had gained national attention, as it was one of the largest in the country. It served as a model for school systems across the nation. Dr. Iris T. Metts, the superintendent of schools at the time, formulated an ambitious plan to actually expand the magnet programs in PGCPS, as well as reassign magnet programs that weren't performing well at one location, to other schools. Due to long and highly publicized in-house issues between Metts and the board of education, Metts was replaced by Dr. Andre Hornsby at the end of her contract with PGCPS. When Hornsby arrived, he essentially reversed the decision that Metts had made, in regards to the future of the county's magnet programs, and he decided to instead eliminate most of the school system's magnet programs, most of which had been identified as under-performing for several years. Ten magnet programs were identified for elimination, which proved extremely controversial because some of the proposed eliminated programs were located at sites in which the program in question had been extremely successful, such as the Academic Center magnet program at Martin Luther King, Jr. Academic Center, which had been the highest performing middle school in the system for several years and also was a blue ribbon school. Despite the opposition by parents, in 2006 the magnet programs in PGCPS underwent an overhaul, and most of the magnets were eliminated. A few programs that were determined to be "successful" were either expanded and replicated at other locations, or consolidated and relocated to a dedicated magnet school that would serve large geographic areas of the county. Current magnet programs ES = elementary school; MS = middle school; HS = high school Aerospace Engineering and Aviation Technology Program (HS) Biomedical (HS) Biotechnology (HS) Career and Technical Education (HS) Centers for Visual and Performing Arts (HS) Chinese Immersion (ES, MS) Creative and Performing Arts (ES, MS) French Immersion (ES, MS, HS) International Baccalaureate (HS) Montessori (ES, MS) Science and Technology Center (HS) Spanish Dual Language Program (ES) Spanish Immersion (ES, MS) Talented and Gifted Center (ES, MS) Magnet program descriptions Aerospace Engineering and Aviation Technology The Aerospace Engineering and Aviation Technology program is a college and career preparatory program, offering areas of study in Aerospace Engineering and Aviation Technology. It is supported by partnerships with the College Park Aviation Museum, NASA, local colleges and universities, and private industry. This program is designed to prepare students for college and high-demand careers. Each student receives a laptop upon entry into the program, and is provided with transportation. Admission to the program is based on the same criteria and examination used for the Science and Technology Center.Locations:DuVal High School Biomedical The Biomedical Program at Bladensburg High School is a high school curriculum that focuses on medical and health careers, such as physicians and research doctors. Students who have a strong interest in pursuing a career in health-related fields have an opportunity to engage in biomedical research, internships, and practicums, and to enroll in medical-related science courses and other advanced placement courses. The curriculum introduces students to a wide variety of medical careers through field trips, speakers in the medical field, internships, accelerated courses, a wide variety of electives related to the biological and social sciences, and independent research.Locations: Bladensburg High School Biotechnology The Biotechnology Program offers a four-year, college-preparatory program of study in molecular biology, biochemistry and technical career training that includes scanning electron microscopy. Students have first-hand experience with the advanced technologies used in biotechnology research, academia, and industry. Courses are taught in modern laboratory classrooms equipped with the latest biotechnology instrumentation. The facilities include gel electrophoresis, refrigerated centrifugation, scanning spectrophotometry, high pressure liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and access to scanning electron microscopy. Computers will support classroom instruction as well as student initiated research projects. Students study biotechnology theory and technique in a cyclic fashion where concepts introduced in beginning courses will be emphasized in depth during upper level classes. Mini-research projects are conducted by science students to demonstrate their understanding of course content and laboratory procedures. Complementing the specific science offerings of the Biotechnology Program is a full selection of courses, including Advanced Placement level in English, social studies and mathematics.Eligibility Requirements: Students who express interest are eligible to apply. No pre-testing is required. Admission to the program is through a race-neutral random magnet lottery application process, on a space-available basis.Locations: Fairmont Heights High School Largo High School Career and Technical Education (CTE) Program The Technical Academy is a program that provides students with technical skills and knowledge. Benefits to students include gaining a foundation for a college major in a technical field, having access to a technical career after high school if college is postponed, and having access to a part-time technical job to help with college expenses.Locations: Bladensburg High School Crossland High School Gwynn Park High School Laurel High School Suitland High School Centers for the Visual and Performing Arts The Centers for the Visual and Performing Arts (CVPA) has been in existence since 1986, originally at Suitland High School. The program was expanded to Northwestern High School in the fall of 2013. The CVPA is a rigorous four-year arts program that offers artistically talented high school students educational opportunities designed to prepare them artistically for college, professional study, or career options in the arts. Strong association with the arts in the Washington, DC-area offers distinct advantages. Students study with professional artists, dancers, actors, musicians, singers, directors/producers, and radio/television personalities. Students explore, and eventually major, in any one of the six principal concentrations: vocal music, instrumental music, dance, theatre, visual arts, and interactive media production. Suitland High School offers a 1000-seat auditorium and experimental theatre, a fully equipped dance studio, and a television and recording studio. Northwestern High School offers an 1100-seat auditorium, fully equipped dance studio, state-of-the-art music rooms, several music practice rooms, a piano lab, and a television and recording studio. Admission into the CVPA magnet program is through audition only.Locations: Northwestern High School Suitland High School Creative and Performing Arts The Creative and Performing Arts Magnet Program is located at three sites. The programs at Thomas G. Pullen and Benjamin D. Foulois are open to students in Kindergarten through eighth grade; the program at Hyattsville Middle School is open to students in seventh and eighth grade (Hyattsville Middle School has a limited program boundary). The Creative and Performing Arts Magnet Program is designed to develop the interest and talents of students in the arts, and feature an enhanced interdisciplinary academic program that encourages creative and artistic expression. Experiences and training are designed to challenge and develop skills of all students, as well as to provide exceptional opportunities for artistically talented students. The curriculum provides in-depth experiences in each art discipline, plus related arts experiences and an infusion of the arts in the overall curriculum. The arts are provided as an integral part of a strong academic program. The Creative Arts Schools follow the general curriculum guidelines that are used for all Prince George's County public elementary and middle schools. Basic instruction is provided in reading, mathematics, English, science, and social studies, as well as specialized instruction in the arts - art, drama, music, dance, physical education, creative writing, media production, literary arts, and related computer lab experiences.Locations: Thomas G. Pullen Creative and Performing Arts Academy Hyattsville Middle School for the Creative and Performing Arts The Benjamin D. Foulois Creative and Performing Arts Academy French Immersion The French Immersion Magnet Program is designed for kindergarten through twelfth grade. It is referred to as a "full immersion program" as all academic subjects are taught through French, in grades K-5. In grades 6-8, the students have two periods per day of French, one period for French Language Arts and one period of world studies in French. In high school, students have two courses in grades 9 and 10 with a focus on literature and the francophone world, which are part of the Pre-International Baccalaureate (IB) Program. At the elementary level, students are immerse totally in French by their bilingual teachers, as they learn math, science, social studies and language arts. At the middle school level, students also study Italian. In addition, Algebra and Geometry are possible options in mathematics. The interdisciplinary approach for English, Art and World Studies includes special themes, seminars, field trips, and a strong focus on essay writing. International travel is an enrichment part of the French Immersion Program. At the high school level, students may take one of the immersion courses and the continuation of the second foreign language started at the middle school level. Other options are IB preparation courses for English, history, science, and access to Chemistry and Calculus. Higher level IB or Advanced Placement (AP) courses, are available. There is an Exchange Program with a school in France and other exchanges are being explored for high school students. In addition to the immersion continuity, students may continue the study of their second foreign language which began in middle school — either Russian, Italian, Latin, or German.Locations: Maya Angelou French Immersion Dora Kennedy French Immersion Central High School International Baccalaureate The International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Magnet Program is an academically challenging and balanced course of study, that prepares students for success in college and life beyond. The mission of the program is to develop inquiring, knowledgeable, and caring young people who help to create a better, more peaceful world through intercultural understanding and respect. The IB program offers many benefits to its participants, such as: higher university and college acceptance rates for IB graduates; increased scholarship and grant opportunities; a college-level academic program that transitions students to university and college standards; and teacher development using IB strategies.Locations: Central High School Crossland High School Laurel High School Parkdale High School Suitland High School Montessori Prince George's County Public Schools has implemented two facilities dedicated to the Montessori instructional program — the Robert Goddard Montessori School and the John Hanson Montessori School. As dedicated facilities, these schools do not have a neighborhood attendance area. Entry into the program is through the random lottery application process only. The Montessori Primary Program for children ages 3 to 6 years old is based on the Montessori educational philosophy. Taught by Montessori accredited teachers, young children are guided in developing an inner discipline, strengthening their coordination, and extending their concentration span. These accomplishments result with their readily learning to read, write and grasp mathematics. The program consists of a half-day morning for preschoolers (ages 3 ). Children older than four must be enrolled in a certified Montessori program to be accepted into the program. The Montessori Lower Elementary Program is designed for students ages 6 to 9 years old with prior Montessori experience. Rapid growth and learning is observed in classrooms filled with appropriate educational materials. The Montessori Upper Elementary Program continues for the next age grouping of students ages 9–12 with prior Montessori experience. Taught by Montessori accredited teachers, these elementary program students study an integrated curriculum that includes: mathematics, geometry, language, cultural studies, astronomy, biology, chemistry, geography, history, geology, philosophy, art, music and physical education. The Montessori Middle School Program completes the Montessori studies for students progressing to the seventh and eighth grades. An interdisciplinary teaching team provides the Montessori Program for multidisciplinary learning to include English Language Arts, mathematics, science and social studies. At the high school level, the student can apply for entry to Biotechnology, Biomedical, Military Academy, Center for the Visual & Performing Arts and/or the Science & Technology Center.Locations:Robert Goddard Montessori School John Hanson Montessori School Judith P. Hoyer Montessori School Science and Technology Center The Science and Technology Center (S/T) is a highly challenging four-year curriculum which provides college-level academic experiences in science, mathematics, and technology. The program is not a true magnet program, as students are admitted into the S/T program based on competitive examination only, as opposed to the standard magnet lottery process. Of twenty-eight possible credits, a student is required to obtain a minimum of thirteen credits in specific mathematics, pre-engineering technology, research and science courses. In grades nine and ten, the program consists of common experiences courses for all student. In grades eleven and twelve, each student must choose course work from at least one of four major study areas. Students are expected to be enrolled in a full schedule of classes during the entire four-year program. External experiences are possible and encouraged, but must be a direct extension or enrichment of the Science and Technology Program, and have the recommendation of the Science and Technology Center Coordinator prior to approval by the principal. The program is offered at three centers — Eleanor Roosevelt High School in northern Prince George's County, Oxon Hill High School in southern Prince George's County, and Charles Herbert Flowers High School in central Prince George’s County. Students attend the center that serves their legal residence. Transportation is provided for all students. Each school is a four-year comprehensive high school, as well as a Science and Technology Center. Each school is an active member of the National Consortium for Specialized Secondary Schools of Mathematics, Science and Technology (NCSSSMST). Admission into the Science and Technology Center is highly competitive and contingent upon three criterion, with all criterion weighed equally. The criterion are: Grades from four quarters of 7th grade and the first quarter of 8th grade (or four quarters of 8th grade and first quarter of 9th grade) in math, science, English, and social studies A standardized reading comprehension test A standardized numerical test All of these are factored into a final score. The number of students admitted into the S/T program vary from each school, but as an example, 225-250 students with the top scores are admitted to Roosevelt's Science and Technology Program. The next 60 students are placed on a waiting list. All interested 8th and 9th grade students who are residents of Prince George's County are eligible to apply for admission to the Science and Technology Center. Locations Charles Herbert Flowers High School Oxon Hill High School Eleanor Roosevelt High School Spanish Dual Language Program The Spanish Dual Language Program gives equal emphasis to English and non-English language speakers. Students learn Spanish and English through content based instruction in selected core subjects with a cross cultural understanding for both native and non-native speakers. Students read, write, listen and speak in both languages, becoming bilingual, biliterate and bicultural. Locations Cesar Chavez Elementary School Spanish Immersion Language Immersion is an educational approach in which students are taught the curriculum content through the medium of a second language, Spanish. Children learn their entire core subjects (reading, writing, mathematics, social studies, and science) in Spanish. Spanish speaking teachers immerse student completely in Spanish as they learn. In this way, immersion students not only learn the content, but also gain knowledge of the language in which it is taught. Locations Overlook Elementary School Phyllis E. Williams Elementary School Talented and Gifted Center (TAG) Talented and Gifted Center (TAG) Magnet Schools provide a full-day intensive educational program appropriate for identified talented and gifted students, in grades 2-8. Each school offers a full-day of enriched and accelerated educational experiences in the four major content areas. Special offerings include elementary foreign language programs, computer laboratories, laboratory based science program, and fine arts programs.Locations:''' The Accokeek Academy Capitol Heights Elementary School Glenarden Woods Elementary School Heather Hills Elementary School Highland Park Elementary School Longfields Elementary School Valley View Elementary School Greenbelt Middle School Kenmoor Middle School Walker Mill Middle School See also List of Prince George's County Public Schools Middle Schools Prince George's County Public Schools Magnet Programs List of schools in Prince George's County, Maryland References External links Public Schools School districts in Maryland School districts established in 1899	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince%20George%27s%20County%20Public%20Schools
( , "the Lagoon") is an Egyptian tourist city created in 1990, and is owned and developed by Samih Sawiris' Orascom Development,. It is located on the Red Sea in the Red Sea Governorate of Egypt, north of Hurghada. It is part of the Red Sea Riviera, and a host city of the El Gouna Film Festival. El Gouna has 10 kilometers of coastline and consists of 20 islands surrounded by lagoons. The town is 25 kilometers away from the Hurghada International Airport. El Gouna buildings were designed by European and American architects to resemble traditional rural Egyptian architecture such as that found in the Egyptian Countryside and in Nubian villages. El Gouna specializes in water-sports. There are several beaches: including Zeytuna Beach () located on its own island, Mangroovy Beach, Moods Beach and other hotel beaches. There are three main areas in El Gouna, Downtown, Tamr Henna Square () and the Abu Tig Marina (). It also has El Gouna Mosque and a Coptic Orthodox Church; the Church of St. Mary and the Archangels. In 2017 an annual film festival was established, the El Gouna Film Festival. Founded by telecom billionaire Naguib Sawiris, El Gouna Film Festival was previously attended by globally prominent celebrities including Grey's Anatomy's Patrick Dempsey, Rambo's Sylvester Stallone and Midnight in Paris' Owen Wilson. Climate The weather in El Gouna is sunny all year long. Temperatures range between and . Humidity is 22% on average. Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert (BWh). See also Hurghada Red Sea Riviera Marsa Alam Sahl Hasheesh List of cities and towns in Egypt References External links Official website Hotels in Egypt Hurghada Seaside resorts in Egypt Tourism in Egypt Architecture in Egypt Red Sea Riviera Underwater diving sites in Egypt Underwater diving resorts	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Gouna
KHTS may refer to: KHTS (AM), a radio station (1220 AM) licensed to Canyon Country, California, United States KHTS-FM, a radio station (93.3 FM) licensed to El Cajon, California, United States the ICAO code for Tri-State Airport	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KHTS
Cornus alternifolia is a species of flowering plant in the dogwood family Cornaceae, native to eastern North America, from Newfoundland west to southern Manitoba and Minnesota, and south to northern Florida and Mississippi. It is rare in the southern United States. It is commonly known as green osier, alternate-leaved dogwood, and pagoda dogwood. Description It is a small deciduous shrub or tree growing to (rarely ) tall, with a trunk up to in diameter. The branches develop characteristic horizontal layers separated by gaps, with a flat-topped crown. Its leaves are elliptic to ovate and grow to long and broad, arranged alternately on the stems, not in opposite pairs typical of the majority of Cornus species. The leaves are most often arranged in crowded clusters around the ends of the twigs and appear almost whorled. The upper sides of the leaves are smooth and green, while the undersides are hairy and a bluish color. The bark is colored gray to brown, becoming ridged as it ages. Small cream colored flowers are produced, with four small petals. The flowers are grouped into cymes, with the inflorescences across. It bears berries with a blackish blue color. Bark: Dark reddish brown, with shallow ridges. Branchlets at first pale reddish green, later dark green. Wood: Reddish brown, sapwood pale; heavy, hard, close-grained. Sp. gr., 0.6696; weight . Winter buds: Light chestnut brown, acute. Inner scales enlarge with the growing shoot and become half an inch long before they fall. Leaves: Alternate, rarely opposite, often clustered at the ends of the branch, simple, three to five inches long, two to three wide, oval or ovate, wedge-shaped or rounded at base; margin is wavy toothed, slightly reflexed, apex acuminate. They come out of the bud involute, reddish green above, coated with silvery white tomentum beneath, when full grown are bright green above, pale, downy, almost white beneath. Feather-veined, midrib broad, yellowish, prominent beneath, with about six pairs of primary veins. In autumn they turn yellow, or yellow and scarlet. Petioles slender, grooved, hairy, with clasping bases. Flowers: April, May. Perfect, cream color, borne in many-flowered, broad, open cymes, at the end of short lateral branches. Calyx: The cup-shaped flowers have four petals that are valvate in bud, unwrapping when in bloom with cream colored, oblong shaped petals with rounded ends. The petals are inserted on disk and the stamens are inserted too and arranged alternately to the petals, being four in number also. The stamens are exserted with filaments long and slender. Anthers oblong, introrse, versatile, two-celled; cells opening longitudinally. Pistil: Ovary inferior, two-celled; style columnar; stigma capitate. Fruit: Drupe, globular, blue-black, across, tipped with remnant of style which rises from a slight depression; nut obovoid, many-grooved. October. Habitat C. alternifolia is found under open deciduous trees, as well as along the margins of forests and swamps. These trees prefer moist, well drained soil. Seedlings are shade-tolerant and it is often found as an understory tree in mature forests, such as those dominated by Acer saccharum (sugar maple) or Populus (aspen). It is also common in younger forests. Ecology The fruits provide food for at least eleven species of birds and the black bear. The leaves and bark are eaten by white-tailed deer, beaver, and cottontail rabbit. It additionally has been marked as a pollinator plant, supporting and attracting bees, flies, and butterflies. It is a host plant for butterflies, providing food during their larval stage. Use The tree is regarded as attractive because of its wide-spreading shelving branches and flat-topped head, and is often used in ornamental plantings. The flower clusters have no great white involucre as have those of the flowering dogwood, and the fruit is dark purple instead of red. The cultivar 'Argentea' (silver pagoda dogwood) has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (confirmed 2017). C. alternifolia is susceptible to golden canker (Cryptodiaporthe corni), particularly when drought-stressed or heat-stressed. Proper siting of the plant in partial to full shade, along with adequate mulch and water, will reduce the incidence of this pathogen. Cornus alternifolia has been used in the traditional Chinese medicine as tonic, analgesic, and diuretic. Gallery References Further reading Trees, by Coombes, Allen J., Eyewitness Handbooks External links Natural Resources Canada: Cornus alternifolia WLU data page: Cornus alternifolia alternifolia Medicinal plants of North America Flora of Eastern Canada Flora of the North-Central United States Trees of the Northeastern United States Trees of the Southeastern United States Trees of Manitoba Trees of Ontario	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornus%20alternifolia
Abby Kelley Foster (January 15, 1811 – January 14, 1887) was an American abolitionist and radical social reformer active from the 1830s to 1870s. She became a fundraiser, lecturer and committee organizer for the influential American Anti-Slavery Society, where she worked closely with William Lloyd Garrison and other radicals. She married fellow abolitionist and lecturer Stephen Symonds Foster, and they both worked for equal rights for women and for Africans enslaved in the Americas. Her former home of Liberty Farm in Worcester, Massachusetts has been designated a National Historic Landmark. Early life On January 15, 1811, Abigail (Abby) Kelley was born the seventh daughter of Wing and Lydia Kelley, farmers in Pelham, Massachusetts. Kelley grew up helping with the family farms in Worcester where she received a loving, yet strict Quaker upbringing. Kelley and her family were members of the Quaker Meeting in nearby Uxbridge, Massachusetts. She began her education in a single-room schoolhouse in the Tatnuck section of Worcester. Foster's daughter later wrote that Abby "attended the best private school for girls in Worcester." In 1826, as Worcester had no high school for girls and her parents could not afford a private seminary, Kelley continued her education at the New England Friends Boarding School in Providence, Rhode Island. After her first year of school, Kelley taught for two years to make enough money to further her education. In 1829, she attended her final year of schooling, having received the highest form of education any New England woman of her relatively moderate economic standing could hope to obtain. Abby returned to her parents' home to teach in local schools and, in 1835, helped her parents move to their new home in Millbury. Then in 1836, she moved to Lynn, Massachusetts, where she taught at a local school. There she met fellow Quakers who preached the ideas of dietary restriction, temperance, pacifism, and antislavery. She became interested in the health theories of Sylvester Graham and gained a general interest in the abolition of slavery after hearing a lecture by William Lloyd Garrison, editor of the abolitionist publication The Liberator. Kelley joined the Female Anti-Slavery Society of Lynn and was soon elected to a committee charged with collecting signatures for petitions to the Federal government to end slavery in the District of Columbia. Kelley passionately carried out her assignment, and in 1837 collected the signatures of nearly half the women of Lynn. Radicalization Kelley's views became progressively more radical as she worked with abolitionists such as Angelina Grimké. She became an "ultra", advocating not only the abolition of slavery but also full civil equality for blacks. In addition, Garrison's influence led her to adopt the position of "non-resistance", which went beyond opposing war to opposing all forms of government coercion. Radical abolitionists led by Garrison refused to serve on juries, join the military or vote. The Garrisonian call for the end of slavery and the extension of civil rights to African Americans caused controversy. Kelley's advocacy of the radical abolitionist movement prompted some opponents to call her a "Jezebel", as what she proposed threatened their sense of social structure. On the other hand, many fellow abolitionists praised her public speaking skills and her dedication to the cause. Kelley's influence was shown by activist women being called "Abby Kelleyites". Radical abolitionism became known as "Abby Kelleyism." Anti-slavery activity Following the financial Panic of 1837, Kelley took charge of fundraising for the Lynn Female Society. She donated a generous portion of her own money to the American Anti-Slavery Society. With the encouragement of Angelina Grimke, Abby served as the Lynn Female Society's first delegate to the national convention of the Anti-Slavery Society in New York. There she spoke out about fundraising and participated in drafting the Society's declaration for abolition. After the convention, Kelley became even more engaged in the Anti-Slavery Society, for which she distributed petitions, raised funds, and participated in conferences to raise public awareness. In 1838, Kelley gave her first public speech to a "promiscuous" (mixed-gender) audience at the first Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women, in Philadelphia. At this time women generally did not address such audiences in public forums. Despite vociferous protesters, Kelley eloquently proclaimed the doctrine of abolitionism. In the following months, she further established herself as a public figure by speaking to more mixed-gender crowds, such as that at the New England Anti-Slavery Convention. She also worked on a committee composed of both genders. Later in 1838, she moved to Connecticut to spread the anti-slavery message. By 1839, Kelley was fully involved in the Anti-Slavery Society, while still acknowledging Quaker tradition by refusing payment for her efforts. In 1841, however, she resigned from the Quakers over disputes about not allowing anti-slavery speakers in meeting houses (including the Uxbridge monthly meeting where she had attended with her family), and the group disowned her. In 1843, Kelley addressed the attendees at the Liberty Party convention in Buffalo, New York, becoming the first woman in America to speak at a national political convention. In the following years, Kelley contributed to the Anti-Slavery Society as a lecturer and fundraiser. Although she encountered constant objections to her public activism as a woman working closely with and presenting public lectures to men, Kelley continued her work. She often shared her platform with formerly enslaved Africans despite disapproval by some in the audience. "I rejoice to be identified with the despised people of color. If they are to be despised, so ought their advocates to be". In October 1849, Kelley wrote to her friend, Milo Townsend, and told of the work she was doing for the anti-slavery society: "We know our cause is steadily onward". Some male members of the Society objected to the ideas propounded by Garrison, Kelley, and other radicals. As a result, when Kelley was elected to the national business committee of the Anti-Slavery Society, conservative members left in protest. The two groups of abolitionists officially severed. Pacifist radical abolitionists controlled the Society, who promoted complete egalitarianism, to be obtained without the aid of any government, as all such institutions were constructed on the violence of war. In 1854 Kelley became the Anti-Slavery Society's chief fundraiser and general financial agent, and in 1857 she took the position of general agent in charge of lecture and convention schedules. Kelley and her husband Stephen Symonds Foster—along with Sojourner Truth, Jonathan Walker, Marius Robinson, and Sallie Holley—reorganized the Michigan Anti-Slavery Society in 1853 in Adrian, Michigan. The state society was founded in 1836 in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Women's rights Fighting for women's rights soon became a new priority for many ultra abolitionists and Kelley was among them. She spoke on women's rights in Seneca Falls, New York five years before the Seneca Falls convention would be held there. Kelley influenced future suffragists such as Susan B. Anthony and Lucy Stone by encouraging them to take on a role in political activism. She helped organize and was a key speaker at the first National Women's Rights Convention in Worcester, Massachusetts in 1850. (The Seneca Falls Convention, the first women's rights convention, held in 1848, was not national). After the American Civil War, Kelley supported passage of the 15th Amendment to the Constitution. Some female activists resisted any amendment that did not include women's suffrage. Kelley split with Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton due to their strong opposition to the amendment. After the amendment passed and Garrison dissolved the Anti-Slavery Society, Kelley continued to work for equal rights for both African Americans and women. In 1872, Kelley and her husband Stephen Symonds Foster refused to pay taxes on their jointly owned property; they argued that as Kelley could not vote, she was a victim of taxation without representation. Although their farm was consequently seized and sold and repurchased for them by friends, Kelley continued her activism in the face of financial difficulties and poor health. She wrote letters to fellow radicals and other political figures until her death in 1887. Marriage and family After a four-year courtship, Kelley married fellow abolitionist Stephen Symonds Foster in 1845. In 1847, she and her husband purchased a farm in the Tatnuck region of Worcester, Massachusetts and named it "Liberty Farm". She gave birth to their only daughter in 1847. The farm served both as a stop on the Underground railroad and as a refuge for fellow reformers. Kelley continued her efforts as a lecturer and fundraiser throughout the North until 1850, when declining health forced her to reduce traveling. She carried on an active correspondence and local meetings to work for the cause. Abby Kelley Foster died January 14, 1887, one day before her 76th birthday. Legacy and honors Liberty Farm in Worcester, Massachusetts, the home of Abby Kelley and Stephen Symonds Foster, was designated a National Historic Landmark because of its association with their lives of working for abolitionism. It is privately owned and not open for visits. Abby's House, a shelter for women that opened in Worcester in 1976, is named in her honor. In 2011, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. Abby Kelley Foster Charter Public School, a K-12 school in Worcester, Massachusetts that opened in 1998, is named in her honor. See also List of civil rights activists List of suffragists and suffragettes List of women's rights activists Come-outer Citations References Pease, Jane, William Pease. "Foster, Abby Kelley." American National Biography. Feb. 2000 <http://www.anb.org/articles/15/15-00236.html>. External links Worcester Women's History Project: Abby Kelley Foster Timeline Stephen Symonds Foster "Angels and Infidels" Liberty Farm , National Historic Landmark, former home of Abby Kelley Foster, National Park Service Portrait of Abby Kelley Foster by Charlotte Wharton What Did Abby Say? - Assumption College Abby Kelley Foster papers from Haverford College Quaker & Special Collections 1811 births 1887 deaths American Quakers American suffragists American tax resisters American women's rights activists People from Millbury, Massachusetts People from Pelham, Massachusetts People from Uxbridge, Massachusetts People from Worcester, Massachusetts American social reformers Underground Railroad people Burials at Hope Cemetery (Worcester, Massachusetts) Activists from Massachusetts Quaker abolitionists Quaker feminists Women civil rights activists	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abby%20Kelley
The following is a list of governors of the Mexican state of Jalisco from 1821. The current Constitution indicates a term of six years in length, which cannot be renewed under any circumstances. It also stipulates the qualifications for becoming governor: a Mexican citizen by birth, at least 30 years of age, and a resident of Jalisco for at least five years prior to election. Elections are held concurrently with presidential elections. List of governors Rulers of the Province of Nueva Galicia during Independent Mexico (1821–1823) Rulers of the State of Jalisco during Independent Mexico (1823–1836) Governors of Jalisco, Centralism and Federalism (1836–1857) Rulers of Jalisco during the Reform and the Second Empire, until the Restored Republic (1857–1867) Governors of Jalisco since the Restored Republic until 1877 (1867–1877) Governors of the State of Jalisco during the Porfiriato (1877–1911) Governors of the State of Jalisco during the Mexican Revolution (1911–1920) Governors of the Free and Sovereign State of Jalisco (1920-until the present) See also List of Mexican state governors References Jalisco	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor%20of%20Jalisco
Mirabello Sannitico is a small town in the province of Campobasso, Molise, southern Italy. The population is about 2,100 inhabitants. It has an agrarian-based culture and history, dating back to at least the 12th century. Nearby towns include Campobasso to the northwest and Vinchiaturo to the southwest. The Tappino River flows on either side of the town on the north and south. History The Samnites Pentri In the 4th century BC, the central Apennine mountain region was largely settled by the Samnite people. This area was more precisely referred to as Samnium (Italian: Sannio). An offshoot of the Sabines , the oldest written record of the Samnites comes from a treaty with the Romans in 354 BC. The territory was organized as a confederation of four major tribes: the Hirpini, Caudini, Caraceni, and Pentri. The Pentri tribe was located in the center of Samnium, with its capital city being Bovianum (modern day Bojano). Mirabello Sannitico today lies only 10 miles northeast of the site, suggesting that any early inhabitants belonged to the powerful tribe. The scattered populace of the Samnites are a product of ver sacrum, a Sabine tradition that forced tribal members into colonization of unsettled land. De Sanctis links Mirabello Sannitico to the Samnites in his book on the origins of the nearby town of Ferrazzano, citing scattered remains of Italic settlements and polygonal Samnite walls in the locale of La Rocca. This has led some to identify the site with conquest of the city of Ruffrium, an ancient Samnite town just 2 miles from modern Mirabello Sannitico. Ruffrium was conquered multiple times by the Romans, initially in 326 BC during the Second Sannite War; Livy wrote:"Three towns fell into their hands, Allifæ, Callifæ, and Ruffrium; and the adjoining country to a great extent was, on the first arrival of the consuls, laid entirely waste" (Livy, VIII. 25) .However, the Romans lost control soon after in 310 BC:"During these transactions in Etruria the other Consul CM. Rutilus took Allifæ by storm from the Samnites, and many of their forts and smaller towns were either destroyed or surrendered uninjured" (Livy, IX. 38).The battles culminated three years later in 307 BC:"The proconsul Quintus Fabius fought near the city Allifæ a pitched battle with the army of the Samnites. The victory was complete, the enemy were driven from the field and pursued to their camp; and they could not have held the camp had there not been very little daylight left... guards were posted in the night to prevent anyone's escaping. The next day, before it was well light, they began to surrender. The Samnites among them bargained to be dismissed in their tunics; all these were sent under the yoke.The allies of the Samnites... sold into slavery, to the number of seven thousand. Those who gave themselves out for Hernic citizens were detained apart in custody, and Fabius sent them all to the senate in Rome. There an enquiry was held as to whether they had been conscripted or had fought voluntarily for the Samnites against the Romans; after which they were parceled out amongst the Latins to be guarded." (Livy, IX. 42)While it is unknown when exactly the first inhabitants of Mirabello Sannitico came to be, it seems unlikely any settlement would have survived these battles. Any early occupants could have been those Livy mentioned in "the adjoining country" during the first raids that were "laid to waste", the "forts and smaller towns [that] were either destroyed or surrendered" in the Samnite counterattack, or the "enemy... driven from the fields" that were "sold into slavery" in Quintus Fabuis's final assault. Some claim that, after the Romans destroyed Ruffrium in the bloody battle, the population moved away and founded another village, called Mirum Bellum; meanwhile, the Romans built a tower used as a fortress for political prisoners on the ruins of the old town. De Sanctis writes that it was the Romans themselves who called the site "Mirum Bellum", combined with Sanniti (Italian for Samnites) from which the current toponym Mirabello Sannitico is derived. The Lombards and Bulgars In 571, the Lombards introduced a feudal system in the area from foreign countries. The neighboring municipalities of Isernia and Sepino were colonized by the Bulgars (also called "Vulgars"), as recorded by the Lombard Paolo Diacono in his Historia Langobardorum writing in c. 787. The steward (a less important title than Duke) Alcek was tied to Molise and Paolo Diacono, which may suggest Bulgarian presence in the area as early as the 670s. Further evidence of Bulgarian occupancy is found in the necropoli of Vicenneand Morrione, where tombs of soldiers buried with their horses were found (a practice common in the Hungarian plane but rare in Western Europe). Alcek (also known as Alzeco or Alzecone) mainly served as the territorial administrator for the Duchy of Benevento and was not as concerned with profiting from the feudal establishment. The Normans - present Mirabello Sannitico was surrounded by the Saracen attacks propagating throughout Italy from the mid-9th century to 11th centuries. In 1053, Rodolfo di Moulins led the attack on nearby Bojano, then-capital of the Duchy of Benevento, establishing Norman rule over the region. Moulins belonged to the Hauteville family (Italian: Altavilla), who controlled most of the area in that time from the Norman conquest of Southern Italy. In 1058, the Abbot Luzio commissioned an expansion of the monastery of Santa Maria di Monteverde. This contributed to the population growth Mirabello was experiencing, and by 1095 the town had been mentioned as an urban entity dependent upon the Norman Bojano (or Boiano). The oldest written reference to the town appears in a church register in February 1193, where the abbot Ferulfo mentions the church of Saint Salvator of Mirabello (whose location and ruins are now lost), adjacent to the Tappino river. Numerous bloody battles were fought over water rights for the land between Mirabello Sannitico and Ferrazzano. Many earthquakes have historically plagued the area. This region suffered large earthquakes in 847, 1294, 1309. Other temblors struck in 1456, 1587, 1688 (no deaths, as the quake occurred when most were in the fields) and 1794. On July 26, 1805 an earthquake struck the area that killed nearly 6,000 people in Molise and 300 in Mirabello and turned a previously damaged church, San Nicola, to rubble. Main sights The town is laid out in a classic medieval fashion, with a radial array of streets surrounding the principal church, Santa Maria Assunta in Cielo. The earliest known reference to the church is in an ecclesiastical inventory of Bojano diocese of August 20, 1241, executed by the notary, Guglielmo, under Giovanni Capuano of Naples, on order from Emperor Fredrick II of Svevia. Other churches include Holy Maria of the Assumption (Santa Maria di Annuziata), San Rocco, San Giorgio, and in the nearby hills, Santa Maria di Monteverde. Stone town walls and huge arches are readily appreciated. The principal street, so named as in nearly all Italian towns, via Roma, in accord with a 1930s decree by Mussolini changed from via San Nicola leads from the main piazza abutted by the main church and leads out of town. The relics of this history remains with a statuary of Saint Nicholas in the wall at the end of via Roma and vici named San Nicola II and III. At the end of via Roma lies an ancient well, where the cap stones have numerous deeply carved vertical grooves due to centuries of hauling water with buckets and ropes. Culture The townspeople observe many feast days, celebrating in traditional style with parades, religious processions, and fireworks. The most elaborate celebration is for the feast of Saint George, the patron saint of the town. It is celebrated on 23 April. Others include the feast of Saint Joseph (19 March), Saint Anthony (June 13), Ferragosto (15 August), and Epiphany (early January) as well as Christmas and Easter. Many inhabitants still make their own wine; preserve tomatoes; make olive oil, and slaughter a pig shortly after Christmas (ritualistically imitating centuries of forebears who did the same to provide meat throughout the coming year). Emigrants from this town are scattered throughout the world. From about 1880 to 1925 many settled in New York City, Philadelphia and Cleveland. After World War II emigration to Canada, Switzerland, and South America was more common. References External links Cities and towns in Molise	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirabello%20Sannitico
KHTS (1220 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station that is licensed to the Canyon Country neighborhood of Santa Clarita, California, about north of Los Angeles. The station is owned by Jeri Lyn Broadcasting (formerly Saddleback Broadcasting). KHTS broadcasts with 1,000 watts during the daytime and 500 watts at night. The station is nicknamed "Your Hometown Station". KHTS is rebroadcast on FM translator K251CF (98.1 FM) in Santa Clarita. KHTS is a full-service radio station, meaning it broadcasts a variety of locally oriented programming. A typical broadcast day consists of a combination of local talk shows and time-brokered programs. Local sports programs include play-by-play coverage of several high school football and basketball teams and the football program at the College of the Canyons. Coverage of professional sports includes the Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Kings, and NASCAR auto racing. The station has won numerous awards over the years, including the Santa Clarita Valley Chamber of Commerce award for Small Business of the Year in 1995. History Early years The station at 1220 AM debuted in June 1989 with the call letters KBET and was branded as "The Beat of Santa Clarita". It was founded by a local television engineer, Larry Bloomfield. Bloomfield, along with his certified public accountant Howard "Scott" Howard and other investors, formed Canyon Broadcasters. The station's first chief engineer, Andrew Castiglione, signed on "KBET 1220 AM Stereo" on the air. Castiglione received the "Radio World Annual Magazine Award" in February 1990 for making KBET the world's first digital, tapeless, and paperless radio station. After having difficulty turning KBET into a profitable enterprise, Canyon Broadcasters filed for bankruptcy in July 1990. Carl Goldman and Jeri Seratti Goldman took over operation of the station in November 1991; the sale closed the following month. They, along with several other investors, formed Saddleback Broadcasting, the parent company of KBET through 1998. KBET was one of four stations to form the "Greater Los Angeles Bedroom Radio Network", a consortium of suburban Los Angeles radio stations with target audiences consisting of affluent older adults. Through the alliance, advertisers could purchase airtime on all four stations at discounted rates. In January 1994, KBET became a vital emergency outlet for the Santa Clarita Valley in the aftermath of the Northridge earthquake. After the Newhall Pass interchange (junction Interstate 5 and State Route 14) collapsed, the Santa Clarita Valley was sealed off from Los Angeles. KBET provided around-the-clock news, traffic and emergency information for the many months of recovery. The station also provided psychological comfort to local residents; they could call in and express their feelings and concerns on the air and realise their fears were not unique or isolated. Needs for essential items such as diapers, portable heaters, and water were met instantly as appeals were broadcast over the KBET airwaves and listeners would respond with assistance. As a sense of normalcy returned to the Santa Clarita Valley and the Newhall Pass interchange reopened in June 1994, KBET evolved from a news/talk format into a full-service radio station, blending in adult contemporary music with news, traffic, weather, and sports. Jacor/Clear Channel era (1998–2003) In September 1998, Saddleback Broadcasting sold KBET to Jacor Communications. Jacor was purchased by Clear Channel Communications before the sale was finalized. KBET flipped to full-time sports programming as "XTRA Sports 1220", simulcasting KAVL (610 AM) in Lancaster, California. Sharon Bronson, the station's sales manager under the Goldmans, became its general manager. Barry McKeever remained on board to continue to head up the station's local programming and sports. In June 1999, XTRA Sports 1220 became "1220 KIIS", weaving in a mixture of local programming and simulcasts of KAVS (97.7 KIIS-FM) and KAVL (XTRA Sports 610). The call letters were changed to KIIS in August 1999; previously, they had belonged to a Los Angeles AM station which also simulcast the KIIS-FM (102.7 FM) signal in the mid-1980s. In early 2001, Clear Channel closed the KIIS offices located at Sierra Highway and Soledad Canyon Road in Santa Clarita, moving the operation to the Antelope Valley as part of Clear Channel's Lancaster—Palmdale cluster of stations. The station had difficulty maintaining a local identity, despite opening a small studio on Bouquet Canyon Road in Saugus. Most of the station's programming was eliminated; most of its lineup consisted of the live sports coverage from KAVL, Rick Dees' morning show, and Rush Limbaugh's syndicated program. The rest of the time, the station was automated with an adult contemporary format playlist. Rick Dees Weekly Top 40 and Leeza Gibbons' Hollywood Confidential aired Sunday mornings. Despite the move, local programming did continue on KIIS, including the Santa Clarita Real Estate Show, Santa Clarita Golf Talk, God is God and We're Not hosted by local representatives of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and Music & Message with Ron Fisher. KIIS briefly identified as "News/Talk 1220" starting in November 2001. It aired Rick Dees weekday mornings; the rest of the time, it featured shows hosted by Limbaugh, Glenn Beck, and Michael Reagan, as well as CNN Headline News coverage. During this time, they still carried sports game coverage from XTRA Sports 610. In March 2002, KIIS decreased its power to 500 watts full-time and reverted to "1220 KIIS", this time as a full-time simulcast of KIIS-FM. Jeri Lyn era (2003–present) During the years Clear Channel operated 1220 AM, the Goldmans remained residents of Santa Clarita and committed to the SCV community. Sensing a need for a local radio station, the Goldmans approached Clear Channel to repurchase KIIS, obtaining it in October 2003 under their corporate name of Jeri Lyn Broadcasting for $900,000. The station went back to its original power (1,000 watts day, 500 watts night). Jeri Lyn wanted to use the original KBET call letters, but they were already being used at a station in Nevada. Eventually they chose a new call sign, KHTS, and opened new studios at Soledad Canyon Road and Camp Plenty in Canyon Country. The transmitter site and towers still remain at their original location on Sierra Highway, north of Vasquez Canyon in Canyon Country. In June 2015, KHTS relocated to a new studio on Main Street in Newhall, occupying the former site of Newhall Hardware. In February 2018, KHTS began rebroadcasting on FM translator K251CF at 98.1 MHz. The translator allows the station to reach a broader audience with a high-quality signal covering the entire Santa Clarita Valley. As of 2018, KHTS is a full-service station combining news, traffic, sports, and adult contemporary music. In other media In 2010, KHTS was featured on an episode of the Animal Planet reality show Pit Boss, where Shorty Rossi discusses with KHTS morning show host Brandon Gibson about pit bulls and to better educate the public about the breed. References External links Full service radio stations in the United States News and talk radio stations in the United States HTS Radio stations established in 1988 Santa Clarita, California	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KHTS%20%28AM%29
Albany State University is a public historically black university in Albany, Georgia. In 2017, Darton State College and Albany State University consolidated to become one university under the University System of Georgia (USG). Albany State University has two campuses in Albany (East and West Campus) and a satellite campus in Cordele (Cordele Center). History Establishment and growth Joseph Winthrop Holley, born in 1874 to former slaves in Winnsboro, South Carolina, founded the institution in 1903 as the Albany Bible and Manual Training Institute. Two educators, Reverend Samuel Lane Loomis and his wife, sent Holley to Brainerd Institute and then Revere Lay College (Massachusetts). When attending Revere Lay, Holley got to know one of the school's trustees, New England businessman Rowland Hazard. After taking a liking to Holley, Hazard arranged for him to continue his education at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. Holley aspired to become a minister and prepared by completing his education at Pennsylvania's Lincoln University. W. E. B. Du Bois inspired Holley to return to the South after he read Du Bois's writings on the plight of Albany's blacks in The Souls of Black Folk. Holley relocated to Albany to start a school. With the help of a $2,600 gift from the Hazard family, Holley organized a board of trustees and purchased of land for the campus, all within a year. The aim of the institution at the time was to provide elementary education and teacher training for the local Black population. The institution was turned over to the state of Georgia in 1917 as Georgia Normal and Agricultural College, a two-year agricultural and teacher-training institution. In 1932, the school became part of the University System of Georgia and in 1943 it was granted four-year status and renamed Albany State College. The transition to four-year status heavily increased the school's enrollment. In 1981 the college offered its first graduate program, a prelude to the school being upgraded to university status in 1996. In July 1994, most of the campus was flooded and suffered extensive damage when Tropical Storm Alberto caused the Flint River to overflow. Afterwards, the campus was extended towards the east with many new buildings erected on the higher ground. Albany State University era In July 1996, the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia approved the change from college to university and the name of Albany State College officially became Albany State University. A new stadium was opened in 2004 and new housing units opened in 2006. In 2015, the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia announced the merger of ASU and Darton State College. In 2017, the institutions consolidated and assumed the name and branding of Albany State University, with the Darton College campus becoming the site of Albany State University's Darton College of Health Professions. Enrollment was expected to be around 9,000 students. However, the combined enrollment decreased significantly. Fall 2013 enrollments were 6,195 for Darton State College and 4,260 for Albany State University while Fall 2017 enrollments for the new combined Albany State University were 6,615. This represents a 27% decrease over that period. Due to the consolidation with Darton, Albany State became the largest HBCU in the state of Georgia and one of the 15 largest in the United States. Civil Rights Movement The college played a significant role in the Civil Rights Movement in the early 1960s. Many students from the school, Black improvement organizations, and representatives from the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) came together to create the Albany Movement. The movement brought prominent civil rights leaders to the town including Martin Luther King Jr. and resulted in the arrests of more than 1,000 black protestors. Among the first to be arrested were students from Albany State. On November 22, 1961, Blanton Hall and Bertha Gober entered the white waiting room of the Albany bus station to buy tickets home for the Thanksgiving holiday. Refusing to leave after being ordered to do so, police arrested them both. Albany State President William Dennis, fearful of losing his position, immediately suspended and eventually expelled the students. This action engendered a great deal of animosity from the black community and the student body. Gober would continue in the civil rights movement as one of the SNCC's Freedom Singers and write the group's anthem. Bernice Johnson Reagon, another Albany State student who left school to work with the SNCC, would later form the well-known a cappella group Sweet Honey in the Rock. On December 10, 2011, thirty two of the students who were expelled were granted honorary degrees. The school awarded thirty one honorary baccalaureate degrees and one honorary doctorate – that to Bernice Johnson Reagon. A noted cultural historian, Reagon was also the commencement speaker. Presidents Joseph Winthrop Holley served as President of the school from 1903 to 1943. He was succeeded by Aaron Brown (1943–1954), William Dennis (1954–1965), Thomas Miller Jenkins (1965–1969), Charles Hayes (1969–1980), Billy C. Black (1980–1996), Portia Holmes Shields (1996–2005), Everette J. Freeman (2005 – 2013), Art Dunning (2015-2018), and Marion Ross Fedrick (2018-). Academics Albany State offers undergraduate and graduate liberal arts and professional degree programs. According to U.S. News & World Report, in 2019 ASU was ranked 40th (tie) in the magazine's ranking of undergraduate education at HBCUs and was ranked as the 107th-141st school on the Regional Universities (South) list. The student-faculty ratio is 15:1 and 42 percent of the classes contain less than 20 students. The most popular majors are health professions and related, homeland security, law enforcement, firefighting and related, business, management, marketing, psychology, and education. The Velma Fudge Grant Honors Program is a selective program that caters to high-achieving undergraduate students. Academic colleges and units College of Arts and Sciences College of Professional Studies Darton College of Health Professions Distance Learning The institution offers 13 certificates, 14 associate, 30 baccalaureate, and 12 graduate degrees. The university also offers the Board of Regents' engineering transfer program and a dual degree program with the Georgia Institute of Technology, one of the top engineering schools in the nation. The Holley Institute summer program, which consists of an intense four weeks of study to help high school students improve low SAT scores and gain admission to college, has a near 100 percent success rate and has received praise from the state Board of Regents. Campuses Albany State University East campus (Main) is located at 504 College Drive, 206 acres east of the Flint River. It has 32 buildings and five sport facilities. Albany State University West campus (formerly Darton State College) is located at 2400 Gillionville Road, on 186 acres in West Albany. It has 16 buildings and five sport facilities. It is the site of the Darton College of Health Professions. ASU also has a center in Cordele and provides specific courses at sites in Cairo, Waycross, Thomasville, Swainsboro, and Sandersville. Demographics Albany State University student body consists of both traditional and non-traditional students who number nearly 6,500 on campus. These students come primarily from Atlanta and Southwest and Central Georgia. The average student age is 24, and about 40 percent of the students live in on-campus housing. In fall 2019, 72.9% of the enrolled students were female, with 1,661 males and 4,461 females out of the total of 6,122, while 5.2% were Hispanic/Latino (of any race), .2% American Indian or Alaska Native, .8% Asian, 74.5% Black/African American, and 13.8% White. Student life Student organizations There are over 60 clubs and organizations including bands, choirs, religious groups, honor societies, several Greek and honor sororities and fraternities, and ROTC. Fraternities and Sororities All nine of the National Pan-Hellenic Council organizations currently have chapters at Albany State University. Also there are currently two national service fraternities and sororities and three Greek music organizations at Albany State University. Marching Rams Show Band Albany State's marching band participated in the 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013 Honda Battle of the Bands (HBOB). Also, The Marching Rams Show Band participated in the 2016 Tournament of Roses Parade and Tournament of Roses Bandfest. Albany State's marching band danceline is named the "Golden Passionettes". In 2012, the danceline was invited to appear in the "Give It 2 U" music video and live performance with artists Robin Thicke, Kendrick Lamar, and 2 Chainz. Athletics Albany State University holds membership in NCAA Division II (as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference) and participates in the following sports: football, basketball, baseball, golf, cheerleading, volleyball, cross-country and track and field. Additionally, in 2019 ASU's women soccer team will begin competing in the Peach Belt Conference. Through BSN Sports, Nike is the current sponsor of the Albany State University Athletic Department. Swimming Albany State sponsored men's and women's swimming, and diving teams, which in past years were named National Black College Swimming and Diving Champions in 1979 and 1980. Notable alumni This is a list of notable alumni which includes graduates, non-graduate former students, and current students of Albany State University. It also reflects those alumni who attended and/or graduated from the institution under its prior historical names. References Suggested reading External links Official athletics website Public universities and colleges in Georgia (U.S. state) Historically black universities and colleges in the United States Tourist attractions in Albany, Georgia Education in Dougherty County, Georgia Universities and colleges established in 1903 Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Buildings and structures in Albany, Georgia 1903 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state) University System of Georgia	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany%20State%20University
Byron Joseph Anthony (born 20 September 1984) is a Welsh former professional footballer who is currentlyAcademy Manager at Bristol Rovers. Born in Newport, he began his career with Cardiff City, progressing through the club's youth system after signing in 2000. He made his professional debut for the club at the age of 20 in 2004 but only made one further senior appearance before being released following a brief loan spell with Forest Green Rovers. He joined Bristol Rovers, helping the club win promotion to League One after winning the 2007 Football League Two play-off final. He remained in the first team for several years, making over 150 appearances in all competitions for the club before joining Hereford United in 2012 after an initial loan spell. However, he was released by Hereford after making just two league appearances following his permanent transfer. He instead joined his hometown club Newport County in November 2012 but suffered a serious double break in his ankle during a match in August 2013. Although he made a brief return to playing, the injury would eventually result in his retirement from playing after struggling to regain fitness. Following his retirement, he was appointed as a youth coach at Newport and was eventually promoted to academy manager after a spell as the interim academy manager. Early life Growing up in Newport, Wales, Anthony attended St Joseph's Roman Catholic High School. As well as playing football, Anthony was a keen rugby player and was part of a Newport under-16 side that toured France.\|Newport County]] and Barry Town. Club career Cardiff City Having played for local amateur club Cromwell, Anthony was invited for a trial with his hometown club Newport County at the age of fifteen but was forced to cancel. He was later invited to a trial with Cardiff City, joining the club in 2000. He was part of the club's youth side that won the 2002 Welsh Youth Cup, defeating Llanelli 3–2 in the final, and captained the side the following season. He was called up to the Wales U19 squad for the Milk Cup in 2003 and captained the side in six of his seven appearances. He was also capped eight times by Wales at Under-21 level. Having signed junior forms with Cardiff at the age of sixteen, in May 2004, Anthony signed his first professional contract at the club. After captaining the club's reserve side, Anthony was called into the senior team for several pre-season friendlies at the start of the 2004–05 season, featuring in a match against Chester City. After being an unused substitute for a league match against Stoke City, on 21 September 2004, Anthony made his professional debut, being named in the starting line-up in a 4–1 victory over Milton Keynes Dons in the Football League Cup after Rhys Weston pulled out due to injury. He scored Cardiff's fourth goal of the match, heading in from a Paul Parry corner. Following this, Anthony signed a contract with the club in late October 2004. In February 2006, Anthony joined Football Conference side Forest Green Rovers on a one-month emergency loan deal, He made his debut in a 3–2 defeat to Morecambe. He made three further league appearances for the club before returning to Cardiff at the end of his loan spell. At the end of the 2005–06 season, Anthony was released by Cardiff. Bristol Rovers After being released by Cardiff, he joined Bristol Rovers on 1 July 2006, linking up with former Cardiff manager Lennie Lawrence. After being an unused substitute for the first three matches, Anthony made his Rovers debut in a 1–0 victory over Grimsby Town in a League Two match on 12 August 2006. On 17 October 2006, he scored his first goal for Bristol Rovers against Torquay United in the first round of Football League Trophy. Despite being restricted to twenty-three appearances in his first season, due to a knee injury, Anthony signed a contract extension with Rovers, keeping him at the club until 2009. Forming a partnership with the club's established defensive players Craig Hinton and Steve Elliott, Anthony was part of a Rovers defence that conceded fewer goals at home than any other League Two side during the 2006–07 season. Finishing in sixth place, the team won promotion after defeating Shrewsbury Town in the 2007 Football League Two play-off final. Anthony remained a regular in the first team following the club's promotion and scored his first and only goal of the 2007–08 season on 1 September 2007, at home in 2–2 draw with Nottingham Forest. However, he suffered a setback at the start of Rovers' 2007–08 campaign in League One in October when he sustained a broken metatarsal in the club's match against AFC Bournemouth in the Football League Trophy and was ruled out for twelve weeks. However, he did not make his return from injury until 12 March 2008, in a 1–1 draw against Northampton Town. He made a total of 23 appearances in all competitions during the season. In the 2008–09 season, Anthony remained ever present until he received the first red card of his professional career, in a 3–1 home defeat against Walsall. After serving a suspension, Anthony returned to the first team until he was once again sent-off in the first round of the FA Cup, during a 1–0 loss against Bournemouth. After serving his second suspension of the season, he fell out of favour before making a goalscoring return to the starting line-up, in a 2–0 home victory against Oldham Athletic on 24 February 2009. Anthony made thirty appearances for the club in the 2008–09 season. On 13 March 2010, in a match against Tranmere Rovers, Anthony was involved in a challenge with Bas Savage, resulting in Anthony being stretchered off just before half-time. Following an X-ray, it was later confirmed that Anthony had not suffered any serious injury. He soon returned to the first team and, despite serving a two match suspension, Anthony made 40 appearances for Rovers in the 2009–10 season. Anthony scored his first goal of the 2010–11 season with a late winner against local rivals Yeovil Town, in a 2–1 victory on 27 August 2010. Two months later on 23 October 2010, Anthony scored his second goal of this season with another late goal, an equaliser in a 2–2 draw with Hartlepool United, in the 90th minute. Anthony suffered an ankle injury in late February and made his first team return on 25 March 2011 against Peterborough United, setting up a goal for Jo Kuffour but also scoring an own goal, in a 2–2 draw. Anthony finished the season with 42 appearances for the club in all competitions during the 2010–11 season, as Rovers suffered relegation to League Two after finishing in 22nd position. In the 2011–12 season, Anthony scored in his second appearance during a 2–1 defeat to local rivals Torquay United. Having initially retained his place in the side, scoring his second goal of the season in the 6–1 rout against AFC Totton, he was dropped by new manager Mark McGhee who had been appointed as Paul Buckle's permanent replacement in January 2012. He made no further appearances for the club under McGhee, being sent out on loan to Hereford United. Even after his return, Anthony's future at Bristol Rovers looked slim, as he was not offered a new contract by the club. This was later confirmed by the club on 18 May 2012, as Anthony was among seven players to be released by the club, ending his six-year association with Bristol Rovers. Following his release, Anthony publicly criticised McGhee, stating "He said he would give everyone an opportunity but he didn't give me the chance to show what I could do." Hereford United On 17 February 2012, Anthony joined fellow Football League Two side Hereford United on a month-long loan deal. He made his debut for Hereford in a 2–1 loss against Swindon Town the next day, and scored his first goal for the club seven days later, in a 2–2 draw against Bradford City at Valley Parade. His loan spell with Hereford was later extended until the end of the season., finishing the season with fifteen appearances for the club as they suffered relegation from the Football League. On 13 September 2012, Anthony returned to Hereford, signing non-contract terms. On 15 September 2012, he made his début for Hereford United in a match against Dartford, which saw Hereford lose 4–0. However, in his next game against Cambridge United, Anthony received a red card during a 4–2 victory. The dismissal resulted in a three-match suspension and four days after the game, on 26 September 2012, he was released from his contract with the club in order for a loan replacement to be signed. Newport County Following his release, Anthony joined his home town club Newport County on trial before signing a permanent deal on 16 November 2012. He made his debut for Newport on 22 September 2012, against Forest Green Rovers. Anthony scored his first goal for the club on 9 February 2013, in a 2–2 draw at home with Tamworth. In the 2012–13 season he was part of the Newport team that finished third in the league, reaching the Conference National playoffs. They went on to win the playoff final against Wrexham at Wembley Stadium 2–0 to return to the Football League after a 25-year absence with promotion to Football League Two. Following the end of the season, Anthony was offered a new contract by the club, and signed a contract a few days later. On 6 August 2013, Anthony suffered a double ankle break during Newport's 3–1 Football League Cup victory at Brighton & Hove Albion after a tackle by Iñigo Calderón. Calderón received a straight red card for the foul but Newport manager Justin Edinburgh stated his belief that no malice was involved and dedicated the club's victory to Anthony. After five months on the sidelines, Anthony made his return to training in late January. Weeks later, Anthony played his first match in seven months, when he appeared for the club's reserve team against Bristol Rovers. Anthony returned to the team and played a number of games towards the end of the 2013–14 season but Edinburgh later admitted that there were still concerns over his recovery after he developed back problems, commenting "I think there's always a doubt in terms of the severity of the injury." His contract renewal for the 2014–15 season was delayed whilst he underwent fitness tests which were ultimately unsuccessful. Anthony announced his retirement from playing on 1 December 2014, revealing that he had been playing in pain following his return and stating "I've tried to get back to full fitness but I was never quite there." Coaching career Upon announcing his retirement from playing, Anthony took up a role coaching the Newport County under 16's and under 18's. In March 2016, Newport announced that academy manager Grant Kalahar would leave his role at the end of the 2015–16 season with Anthony being appointed interim academy manager until the end of the 2015–16 season. After two months in the role, Newport appointed Anthony as academy manager on a full-time basis. Anthony resigned from his position at Newport in November 2018. Anthony joined former club Bristol Rovers in September 2020 as an academy coach having recently passed his UEFA Pro License and would be working alongside the Under-14s team. In February 2021, Anthony left Rovers to join Swansea City in a full-time role with the Under-18s squad. Anthony left his role with Swansea City in late October 2021. In November 2021, Anthony returned to Bristol Rovers in the role of Academy Head of Coaching. Anthony was promoted to the role of Academy Manager in July 2022. Career statistics Honours Bristol Rovers Football League Two play-off winner: 2007 Newport County Football Conference play-off winner: 2013 References External links 1984 births Footballers from Newport, Wales Living people Welsh men's footballers Men's association football defenders Wales men's under-21 international footballers Cardiff City F.C. players Forest Green Rovers F.C. players Bristol Rovers F.C. players Hereford United F.C. players Newport County A.F.C. players National League (English football) players English Football League players Newport County A.F.C. non-playing staff Swansea City A.F.C. non-playing staff Bristol Rovers F.C. non-playing staff	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byron%20Anthony
The Arthur Kill Vertical Lift Railroad Bridge is a rail vertical-lift bridge connecting Elizabethport, New Jersey and the Howland Hook Marine Terminal on Staten Island, New York, United States. The bridge was built by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1959 to replace the Arthur Kill Bridge, a swing bridge opened in 1890. It contains a single track that is used mainly to carry garbage out of New York City, as well as to transport freight to destinations in western Staten Island. The bridge parallels the Goethals Bridge, which carries Interstate 278. It has the longest lift span of any vertical-lift bridge in the world, with two towers and a truss span that allows a channel. It clears mean high water by when closed and when lifted. First period of use After the bridge opened in 1959 upon having replaced the Arthur Kill Bridge, rail traffic declined due to loss of manufacturing facilities on Staten Island. Bethlehem Steel closed in 1960, U.S. Gypsum in 1972, U.S. Lines-Howland Hook Marine Terminal in 1986, and Procter and Gamble in 1991. A shift to truck traffic also reduced rail traffic over the bridge, and the North Shore branch of rail service went through a series of owners. The three companies that owned the North Branch were B&O Railroad, CSX, and the Delaware Otsego Corporation. They saw the bridge as excess property. The last freight train went over the Arthur Kill Lift Bridge in 1990, and North Shore branch service ceased to operate until 2007. Second period of use In 1994, the New York City Economic Development Corporation (NYCEDC) purchased the Arthur Kill Railroad Lift Bridge and the North Shore branch from CSX. In December 2004, NYCEDC and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey announced a $72 million project to rehabilitate the bridge and reactivate freight rail service on Staten Island. Repairs included repainting the steel and rehabilitating the lift mechanism. The bridge was painted royal blue in an homage to the B&O. The rehabilitation project was completed in June 2006. On October 4, 2006, a train crossed the bridge for the first time in 16 years. It was a single locomotive which took on switching duties at the New York Container Terminal, also known by its old name, Howland Hook. On April 2, 2007, normal operations involving garbage removal from the Staten Island Transfer Station started, which would result in an estimated 90,000 annual truck loads diverted from the nearby Goethals Bridge. On October 4, 2007, New York Container Terminal, which operates Howland Hook, announced the opening of on-dock rail service called ExpressRail via the bridge, with regular service by Conrail (CRCX), CSX and Norfolk Southern railroads. In 2013, Covanta Energy signed a contract with the New York City Sanitation Department to barge containers of solid waste from transfer stations in Queens and Manhattan to New York Container Terminal where they will be transferred to rail cars for shipment to Covanta waste to energy plants. Arthur Kill is an important ship channel. The bridge is normally kept in the raised position (open to shipping), lowering to allow the passage of trains. As of 2018, U.S. Coast Guard regulations limit lowering the bridge to two 15-minute periods per day, with advance warning and restrictions on lowering during high tide. Conrail, which services Staten Island with one train a day, has stated that they do not see this limitation affecting current rail traffic levels, but it could become a problem if traffic increases significantly Image gallery See also Arlington Yard Staten Island Railway References External links Arthur Kill Railroad Lift Bridge at NYCRoads.com Baltimore and Ohio Railroad bridges Bridges completed in 1959 Bridges in Staten Island CSX Transportation bridges Rail freight transportation in New York City Railroad bridges in New Jersey Railroad bridges in New York City Staten Island Railway Transportation in Elizabeth, New Jersey Vertical lift bridges in New Jersey Vertical lift bridges in New York City Buildings and structures in Elizabeth, New Jersey Steel bridges in the United States Bridges in Union County, New Jersey 1959 establishments in New Jersey 1959 establishments in New York City	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Kill%20Vertical%20Lift%20Bridge
"A Day in the Life of Donald Duck" is a 1956 episode of the Disneyland TV show. As the name of the episode implies, viewers experience Donald Duck himself as he struggles through a typical day at the Walt Disney Studios. In the process, he meets up with Jimmie Dodd, Roy Williams, the Mouseketeers and even his own voice, Clarence Nash. This episode introduces a song about Donald, "Quack, Quack, Quack, Donald Duck." Home media The film was released on December 6, 2005, on Walt Disney Treasures: The Chronological Donald, Volume Two: 1942-1946. References External links TV.com 1956 American television episodes Walt Disney anthology television series episodes Donald Duck	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Day%20in%20the%20Life%20of%20Donald%20Duck
Pharaoh's Island ( Jazīratu Firawn), whose current popular name is Coral Island, is a small island in the northern Gulf of Aqaba some east off the shore of Egypt's eastern Sinai Peninsula. Some scholars identify this island port with biblical Ezion-Geber. Geography In spite of its second name, "Coral Island", Jazirat Fir'aun consists of solid granite. It stands some southwest of modern Eilat. With a length of from north to south, and at its widest point, the island covers an area of and is separated from the shore west of it by a shallow lagoon, about wide, only accessible by boat at high tide, which served in the 13th century as a sheltered anchorage. Additionally, the island has a harbour of whose now very heavily silted basin offered even more protection. It has been noted by some scholars that the harbour was created artificially and corresponds to the mainly Phoenician cothon type. The island and its harbour stood at the junction of sea and land routes, the former connecting to Southern Arabia and East Africa, and the latter leading north to Syria and across the Sinai to Egypt. History Iron Age There have been many attempts to identify biblical Ezion-geber and Eloth, with scholars like Beno Rothenberg in 1967, A. Flinder in 1977 and 1989, and Avner Raban in 1997 offering arguments in favour of Pharaoh's Island being the port of Ezion-geber. Midianite and Negev pottery were found on the island, which are best known from the 13th-12th centuries BCE (end of the Bronze Age and beginning of the Iron Age) and the Iron Age, respectively. A casemate wall with towers that surrounds the island at shore level, including the harbour, could not be positively dated yet. During a dig in one of its rooms, two sherds of Negev pottery were found in the petrified debris, but not at floor level, which excludes them as a safe indicator of the wall's age. There were attempts at interpreting the island as a staging post for Egyptian expeditions to the copper mines of Timna, but the oldest sherds found, the Iron Age Midianite and Negev ware, are of younger date than the Egyptian expeditions, Rothenberg placing them in the Iron Age I (c. 1200-1000 BCE). This only allows the limited conclusion that the island was probably home to a local population in the Ramesside period (1292–1069 BCE). Crusaders, Ayyubids and Mamluks Although the Crusaders reached the head of the Gulf of Aqaba in 1116, they did not establish a permanent presence at Ayla (also spelled Ailah or Wayla; see 'Aqaba) or the nearby island at that time. A Muslim historian describes Ayla as an Arab-populated town still in Muslim hands as late as 1154. According to Adrian Boas, historian and archaeologist of the Crusades, there is no evidence to support the claim that the Crusaders built a castle on Pharaoh's Island in the early 1160s, nor for the recapture of the island by Saladin in December 1170 and his alleged refortification and garrisoning of the fortress. Boas' fellow historian Denys Pringle however, accepts these facts presented in some detail by medieval Muslim sources as plausible, in spite of the fact that no archaeological proof has been brought to light during the 1975-81 digs and the ensuing clearance work. Instead, it seems more likely that it is an entirely Ayyubid fortification from the late 12th and 13th centuries. The 'castle' mentioned in the sources as taken and refortified by the Crusaders might be the casemate-type wall, which surrounds the island at sea level and predates the arrival of the Crusaders by several centuries. The pseudo-Frankish name Ile de Greye or Isle de Graye (in modern French: île de Graye) by which the island and castle are known in English literature, is a 19th-century invention from Arabic qurayya, "small village". Contemporary chronicles call it Ayla, like the oasis with the nearby town. In November 1181, Raynald of Châtillon raided the Arab-held Ayla and attempted to set up a naval blockade against the Muslim troops there during the winter of 1182 to 1183. The blockade consisted of only two ships and was not successful. There is no indication that his ships used the island during the blockade. In 1217, the pilgrim Thietmar passed the island and reported that a castle there was inhabited by Muslims and Christian captives, namely French, English, and Latins–the latter are hard to identify beyond them being Catholics–who all worked as "fishermen of the sultan", without engaging in any farming or military activities. The Mamluk governor of the city of Aqaba lived in the citadel until some time in the 14th century, around 1320, when the seat of governorship was moved into the city itself. Israel Between 1975 and 1981, during Israeli occupation of the Sinai in the wake of the Six-Day War, Israeli archaeologists explored the island. Israeli archaeologists discovered some 1,500 textile fragments, some originating in India, Iran and Iraq, as well as hundreds of items of basketry and cordage, carbon-dated to a period between the late 12th and the early 14th century. It is possible to interpret some of the material as evidence for commercial activity, maybe even between Egypt and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. Egypt After the return of the Sinai, there was clearance and restoration work done by Egypt in the early 1980s. As a result of over-restoration, the fortress has lost some of its authentic medieval look. Along with the fortress of El-Gendi Fortress, also on the Sinai Peninsula about halfway between Nekhel and Suez, the fortress on Pharaoh's Island was added onto the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on July 28, 2003, due to its purported universal cultural value. Because of its location near Jordan and Israel, the island and its coral reefs have become a popular sightseeing attraction among tourists based in Taba, Eilat, and Aqaba. References Bibliography External links Sinai's Lifestyle & Travel Guide information Geographia information Two citadels in Sinai from the Saladin period (Al-Gundi and Phataoh's island) - UNESCO World Heritage Centre Retrieved on 2008-03-19. Flinder, Alexander. "The Search for Ezion-geber, King Solomon's Red Sea Port". Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society Vol. 6: 1986-7 (London, 1987), Summaries of Lectures Given in 1986-7, pp. 43–45. Islands of Egypt Islands of the Red Sea South Sinai Governorate	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharaoh%27s%20Island
Trust is a 1990 American romantic black comedy film written and directed by Hal Hartley and starring Adrienne Shelly and Martin Donovan. Two young misfits, both in emotional shock, meet in a Long Island town and through trials develop a platonic relationship based on mutual admiration, respect and trust. Plot Concerns the platonic romance between two young misfits wandering the same Long Island town. When naïve and unbookish Maria announces to her family that she has dropped out of high school because of an unplanned pregnancy, her father dies of heart failure, her mother kicks her out of her home, and her boyfriend breaks up with her. Lonely and with nowhere to go, Maria wanders her town in search of a place to stay. Along the way, she meets Matthew, a highly intelligent and extremely moody electronics repairman who keeps losing jobs through his inability to accept the views of employers and customers. They begin an unusual platonic romance built on their mutual admiration, respect and trust, but Matthew's father and Maria's mother both try to destroy the innocent relationship. Cast Adrienne Shelly as Maria Coughlin Martin Donovan as Matthew Slaughter Merritt Nelson as Jean Coughlin John MacKay as Jim Slaughter Edie Falco as Peg Coughlin Karen Sillas as Nurse Paine Release The film premiered at the Toronto Festival of Festivals on September 9, 1990 and was released in theatres on July 26, 1991. Reception References External links Trust at Halhartley.com 1990 films American independent films 1990 romantic comedy films Films directed by Hal Hartley Films shot in New York (state) American romantic comedy films Republic Pictures films 1990 independent films 1990s English-language films 1990s American films Sundance Film Festival award-winning films	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust%20%281990%20film%29
Neil James Cox (born 8 October 1971) is an English former professional footballer and manager who is currently the assistant manager of National League side York City. A defender capable of playing at centre or right-back, he made over 500 appearances in the Football League during his career and was capped at Under-21 level by England. He began his career at Scunthorpe United as a youth player and was eventually offered a professional contract by the club, breaking into the first-team soon after. In 1991, Cox joined First Division side Aston Villa for a fee of £400,000, going on to make over 50 appearances for the side in all competitions, including playing in the club's victory over Manchester United in the 1994 Football League Cup Final, but struggled to establish himself in the first-team. In 1994, he joined Middlesbrough, becoming the first player to break the £1 million transfer fee mark for the club. He made over 100 appearances for Middlesbrough, including playing in his second League Cup final in 1997, before moving to Bolton Wanderers in 1997 for £1.5 million. After two seasons at Bolton, Cox joined Watford. After a difficult start with the Hornets, which included being placed on the transfer list, Cox went on to captain the side and made over 200 appearances in all competitions for the club. His final Football League club was then League One outfit Crewe Alexandra. Cox retired from professional football in 2008, going on to become a property developer in Portugal. Cox subsequently returned to the game in 2010 after being appointed manager of Leek Town. When the club had injury concerns Cox registered himself as a player with the league, making 4 appearances. Cox was in charge just one season before resigning for personal reasons. In October 2012, Cox joined Football League Two club AFC Wimbledon as assistant manager to former Watford teammate Neal Ardley. He left with Ardley on 12 November 2018. On 7 August 2020, Cox was appointed first team manager of Scunthorpe United. On 8 September 2023, he was confirmed as assistant manager of York City. Early life Born in Scunthorpe, as a child, Cox attended Crosby Juniors School and later High Ridge Comprehensive School. Playing career Scunthorpe United Cox began his career at his hometown club, the team he supported as a child, Scunthorpe United. Cox was involved with the team from an early age, being allowed to join in pre-season training sessions with the squad at the age of just 11. He was later allowed to train with the first-team by manager Frank Barlow at the age of 13 and was allowed to travel to an away game with the senior players. He gradually progressed through the youth ranks at the club before signing his first professional deal with the club in 1990, being handed a two-year deal, along with fellow youth graduates Graham Alexander and Richard Hall. Cox later revealed that he had been offered deals by other clubs but had remained with Scunthorpe as he was " a local lad and I just wanted to play for my local team." Following a downturn in the club's results, Hall and Cox were brought into the first-team by manager Mick Buxton and the pair's performances attracted attention from a number of clubs. Tottenham Hotspur discussed a potential double transfer for Cox and Hall but Hall later secured a move Southampton. Cox instead joined First Division side Aston Villa in February 1991 for a fee of £400,000, a club record for Scunthorpe at the time, as well as the installation of 2000 new seats at Glanford Park, after just one season with The Iron. Aston Villa Cox's move to the Villans progressed rapidly, receiving a call from Scunthorpe assistant manager Bill Green on a Sunday evening, signing for the club the following day before flying out to Hong Kong to join the first-team on Tuesday for pre-season training. Whilst at Villa, Cox played in the club's 3–1 victory over Manchester United in the 1994 League Cup Final, coming on as a substitute in the 79th minute in place of Steve Staunton. Middlesbrough In July 1994, Middlesbrough manager Bryan Robson, a boyhood idol of Cox's, confirmed a deal to sign Cox for a fee of £1 million, the first player to break the one million transfer fee mark for the club. Cox later stated that he believed that there was "a bit of pressure" on himself to impress due to the transfer fee involved in his move. The club achieved promotion to the Premier League in his first season, the club's final season playing at Ayresome Park, and Cox was named in the 1994–95 First Division team of the year. Prior to the 1997 FA Cup Final, Cox became involved in an altercation with teammate Fabrizio Ravanelli after a heated debate over the Italian's fitness prior to the game leading to Cox being dropped on the morning of the final. Ravenelli insisted that he was fit to play in the game but later limped out of the match after just 24 minutes. Cox later stated that his biggest regret over the incident was "that I never played in an FA Cup final". Defeat for the side in the final completed a disastrous end to the season for the club as they also suffered defeat in the League Cup final and were relegated from the Premier League following a three-point deduction for failing to fulfil a fixture following a flu outbreak in the squad. Bolton Wanderers Cox played in the 1999 Football League First Division play-off final for Bolton, where they suffered a 2–0 defeat to Watford. Watford In November 1999, Cox joined Premier League side Watford, the side who had defeated his former club Bolton in the play-off final six months earlier to win promotion, for a fee of £500,000. He endured a difficult start to his career at Vicarage Road as he was brought in as a replacement for long time fan favourite Nigel Gibbs during a period in which the club struggled and eventually suffered relegation at the end of the 1999–2000 season. In 2001, Italian Gianluca Vialli was appointed manager of the club and Cox was one of a handful of first-team players left in England to train with the reserves as the squad traveled to Italy for a pre-season tour. Cox later stated that he was dropped by Vialli as outgoing manager Graham Taylor had expressed concern to him that Cox was a bad influence on the dressing room. Cox entered talks with a number of clubs but was unable to complete a move away from the Hornets as the club were unable to agree an acceptable transfer fee. He remained with the side into the new season and was eventually recalled to the first-team due to injury problems and formed a central defensive partnership with Filippo Galli, who Cox later described as "a world class player who was so down to earth". During his final season at the club, Cox was forced to train with the club's youth team after falling out of favour. Cardiff City Following his release from Watford, Cox joined Cardiff City. He spent one season at Ninian Park, being hampered by injuries and the form of central defensive pairing Darren Purse and Glenn Loovens, making 27 league appearances and scoring twice, both goals coming during a 3–0 victory over Stoke City on 11 February 2006. In April 2006, with his contract ending on 30 June, Cox expressed his desire to stay at the club, stating "I'd love to stay at the club. I've enjoyed my year". Crewe Alexandra Cox scored twice for The Railwaymen. His first goal came in a 3–1 win over Cheltenham Town on 12 September 2006. He also scored against MK Dons in the FA Cup the following season. Cox signed for Crewe in June 2006 after being released by Cardiff City. Cox retired at the end of the 2007–08 season; the home game against Oldham Athletic was the last of his career. Managerial career Leek Town In October 2010 he returned to the game after being appointed as the new manager of Leek Town. When the club had injury concerns Cox registered himself as a player with the league. In unexpected circumstances Cox resigned as Leek Town manager after a 1–0 home victory against Quorn, citing personal reasons. AFC Wimbledon On 10 October 2012, it was announced that Cox would reunite with former Watford and Cardiff teammate Neal Ardley, a friend of Cox's for over 20 years, as his assistant manager at Football League Two side AFC Wimbledon. Ardley had invited Cox to attend his interview for the managerial position at the club and the pair took charge of the club, replacing Terry Brown who had been sacked by the club after winning just one of the opening seven matches of the 2012–13 season, leaving the Dons in 21st position. Both Neal Ardley and Neil Cox left AFC Wimbledon on 12 November 2018 by mutual consent after a long stretch of defeats and poor team performances. Scunthorpe United On 7 August 2020, Cox was confirmed as first team manager of EFL League Two side Scunthorpe United. Following a disappointing start to the 2021–22 season, Cox was sacked on 1 November 2021 with his side sat bottom of the Football League with just eleven points from the first fifteen matches. York City On 8 September 2023, Cox was confirmed as assistant manager of York City. Managerial statistics Honours Aston Villa Football League Cup: 1994 Middlesbrough Football League First Division: 1994–95 Football League Cup runner-up: 1997 Individual Football League First Division Team of the Year: 1994–95 References External links 1971 births Living people Footballers from Scunthorpe English men's footballers England men's under-21 international footballers Men's association football defenders Scunthorpe United F.C. players Aston Villa F.C. players Middlesbrough F.C. players Bolton Wanderers F.C. players Watford F.C. players Cardiff City F.C. players Crewe Alexandra F.C. players Leek Town F.C. players Premier League players English Football League players English football managers Leek Town F.C. managers AFC Wimbledon non-playing staff Notts County F.C. non-playing staff Scunthorpe United F.C. managers York City F.C. non-playing staff English Football League managers	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil%20Cox
CJYM (1330 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic hits format. Licensed to Rosetown, Saskatchewan, Canada, it serves west central Saskatchewan. History It first began broadcasting in 1966 under the call letters CKKR. CJYM is a Class B AM station which broadcasts with a power of 10,000 watts daytime and nighttime. CJYM is the only full-power station in Canada which broadcasts on 1330 kHz. The station celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2006 with a large party at the Rosetown park. The station is currently owned by Golden West Broadcasting. See also CFYM External links CJYM 1330 CFYM AM history - Canadian Communications Foundation (also includes CJYM) Rosetown Jym Jym Jym Radio stations established in 1966 1966 establishments in Saskatchewan	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJYM
Marc S. Seriff (born May 5, 1948 in Austin, Texas) is best known as the CTO and co-founder of America Online, along with Jim Kimsey (CEO), Steve Case, and William von Meister (as Control Video Corporation). Biography Seriff received his B.S. in Mathematics and Computer Science from the University of Texas at Austin in 1971 and an M.S. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1974. In 1974 he was one of the first dozen people at Telenet Communications. He later served as an executive of several audio and data communications companies, including GTE Corporation, Venture Technology, Digital Music, Inc., and Control Video Corporation. In 1985, he co-founded Quantum Computer Services (later known as America Online), where he served as a Senior Vice President until 1996. From August 1997 to May 1998 he was a director of InteliHome, which merged with Global Converging Technologies. From January to June 1998 he was CEO of Eos Management, LLC. He also served as a director of U.S. Online Communications. In a 2007 interview, Seriff cited two people who influenced him at a young age: J.C.R. Licklider, one of his professors in graduate school at MIT, and Larry Roberts, whom he met and worked for at Telenet. References 1948 births Living people AOL people Businesspeople from Austin, Texas University of Texas at Austin alumni Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni American chief executives American chief technology officers 20th-century American businesspeople MIT School of Engineering alumni	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%20Seriff
The following includes a list of films that won awards at the American Sundance Film Festival. 1980s 1984 Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – Old Enough Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Style Wars Honorable Mention Documentary – Seeing Red Honorable Mention Documentary – The Good Fight (The Abraham Lincoln Brigade in the Spanish Civil War) Special Jury Prize Dramatic – Last Night at the Alamo Special Jury Prize Documentary – When the Mountains Tremble Special Jury Recognition Documentary – The Secret Agent Special Jury Recognition Dramatic – Hero Source: 1985 Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – Blood Simple Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Seventeen Special Jury Prize Dramatic – Almost You Special Jury Prize Dramatic – The Killing Floor Special Jury Prize Documentary – America and Lewis Hine Special Jury Prize Documentary – Kaddish Special Jury Prize Documentary – Streetwise Special Jury Prize Documentary – The Times of Harvey Milk Special Jury Recognition Dramatic – Stranger Than Paradise Special Jury Recognition Documentary – In Heaven There Is No Beer? Sources: 1986 Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – Smooth Talk Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Private Conversations Special Jury Prize Dramatic – Desert Hearts Special Jury Prize Documentary – The Mothers of Plaza de Mayo Special Jury Recognition – Parting Glances Special Jury Recognition – The Great Wall is a Great Wall Special Jury Recognition for Youth Comedy – Seven Minutes in Heaven Source: 1987 Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – Waiting for the Moon Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – The Trouble with Dick Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Sherman's March Excellence in Cinematography Award Dramatic – No Picnic Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – Chile: When Will It End? Special Jury Recognition – Working Girls Special Jury Recognition – River's Edge Special Jury Prize Documentary – Chile: When Will It End? Special Jury Prize for Originality – Sullivan's Pavilion Source: 1988 Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – Heat and Sunlight Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Beirut: The Last Home Movie Excellence in Cinematography Award Dramatic – Rachel River Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – Beirut: The Last Home Movie Special Jury Prize – Lemon Sky Special Jury Prize Documentary – Thy Kingdom Come, Thy Will Be Done Special Jury Prize Documentary – Dear America: Letters Home from Vietnam Special Jury Prize for Acting – Viveca Lindfors in Rachel River Special Jury Recognition – The Brave Little Toaster Source: 1989 Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – True Love Grand Jury Prize Documentary – For All Mankind Audience Award Documentary – For All Mankind Audience Award Dramatic – sex, lies and videotape Filmmakers Trophy Dramatic – Powwow Highway Filmmakers Trophy Documentary – John Huston Special Jury Recognition – The Roommate Source: 1990s 1990 Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – Chameleon Street Grand Jury Prize Documentary – H-2 Worker Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Water and Power Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – H-2 Worker Excellence in Cinematography Award Dramatic – House Party Filmmakers Trophy Dramatic – House Party Filmmakers Trophy Documentary – Metamorphosis: Man Into Woman Audience Award Dramatic – Longtime Companion Audience Award Documentary – Berkeley in the Sixties Special Jury Recognition – To Sleep with Anger Special Jury Recognition – Samsara: Death and Rebirth in Cambodia Source: 1991 Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – Poison Grand Jury Prize Documentary – American Dream Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Paris Is Burning Filmmakers Trophy Dramatic – Privilege Filmmakers Trophy Documentary – American Dream Audience Award Dramatic – One Cup of Coffee Audience Award Documentary – American Dream Excellence in Cinematography Award Dramatic – Daughters of the Dust Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – Christo in Paris Special Jury Recognition – Straight Out of Brooklyn Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – Hangin' with the Homeboys Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – Trust Source: 1992 Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – In the Soup Grand Jury Prize Documentary – A Brief History of Time Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Finding Christa Filmmakers Trophy Dramatic – Zebrahead Filmmakers Trophy Documentary – A Brief History of Time Audience Award Dramatic – The Waterdance Audience Award Documentary – Brother's Keeper Excellence in Cinematography Award Dramatic – Swoon Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – Shoot for the Contents Special Jury Recognition – The Hours and Times Special Jury Recognition – My Crasy Life Special Jury Prize for Acting – Seymour Cassel for his performance in In the Soup Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – The Waterdance Piper-Heidseick Award for Independent Vision – John Turturro Source: 1993 Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – Ruby in Paradise Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – Public Access Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Silverlake Life: The View from Here Filmmakers Trophy Dramatic – Audience Award Dramatic – El Mariachi Audience Award Documentary – Something Within Me Excellence in Cinematography Award Dramatic – An Ambush of Ghosts Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – Children of Fate: Life and Death in a Sicilian Family Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – Combination Platter Special Jury Recognition – Just Another Girl on the I.R.T. Special Jury Recognition – Earth and the American Dream Piper-Heidsieck Tribute to Independent Vision – Denzel Washington Source: 1994 Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – What Happened Was... Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Freedom on My Mind Filmmakers Trophy Dramatic – Clerks Filmmakers Trophy Dramatic – Fresh Filmmakers Trophy Documentary – Theremin: An Electronic Odyssey Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – What Happened Was... Audience Award Dramatic – Spanking the Monkey Audience Award Documentary – Hoop Dreams Excellence in Cinematography Award Dramatic – Suture Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – Colorado Cowboy: The Bruce Ford Story Freedom of Expression Award – Dialogues with Madwomen Freedom of Expression Award – Heart of the Matter Special Jury Recognition – Coming Out Under Fire Special Jury Recognition for Acting – Alicia Witt, Renee Humphrey for Fun Piper-Heidsieck Tribute to Independent Vision – Gena Rowlands Source: 1995 Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – The Brothers McMullen Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – The Young Poisoner's Handbook Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Crumb Filmmakers Trophy Dramatic – Angela Filmmakers Trophy Documentary – Black is... Black Ain't Audience Award Dramatic – Picture Bride Audience Award Documentary – Ballot Measure 9 and Unzipped Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – Living in Oblivion Freedom of Expression Award – When Billy Broke His Head...and Other Tales of Wonder Special Jury Recognition for Directing – Jupiter's Wife Special Jury Recognition for Directing – Heavy Special Jury Recognition for Directing – Rhythm Thief Special Jury Recognition – El héroe Honorable Mention Latin American Cinema – Eagles Don't Hunt Flies Honorable Mention Latin American Cinema – Strawberry and Chocolate Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – The Salesman and Other Adventures Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Tom's Flesh Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Nonnie & Alex Piper-Heidsieck Tribute to Independent Vision – Nicolas Cage Source: 1996 Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – Welcome to the Dollhouse Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Troublesome Creek: A Midwestern Filmmakers Trophy Dramatic – Girls Town Audience Award Dramatic – Care of the Spitfire Grill Audience Award Documentary – Troublesome Creek: A Midwestern Excellence in Cinematography Award Dramatic – Color of a Brisk and Leaping Day Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – Cutting Loose Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – Big Night Freedom of Expression Award – The Celluloid Closet Special Jury Recognition – When We Were Kings Special Jury Prize for Acting – Lili Taylor for I Shot Andy Warhol Honorable Mention Latin American Cinema – Guantanamera Honorable Mention Latin American Cinema – Wild Horses Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Pig! Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Dry Mount Piper-Heidsieck Tribute to Independent Vision – Dianne Wiest Sources: 1997 Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – Sunday Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Girls Like Us Audience Award Dramatic – Love Jones Audience Award Dramatic – Hurricane Audience Award Documentary – Paul Monette: The Brink of Summer's End Filmmakers Trophy Documentary – Licensed to Kill Filmmakers Trophy Dramatic – In the Company of Men Freedom of Expression Award – Family Name Freedom of Expression Award – Fear and Learning at Hoover Elementary Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – My America ...or Honk if You Love Buddha Special Jury Recognition – Kirby Dick for SICK: The Life & Death of Bob Flanagan, Supermasochist / Parker Posey for The House of Yes Latin American Cinema Award – Landscapes of Memory Short Filmmaking Award – Man About Town Honorable Mention Latin American Cinema – Deep Crimson Honorable Mention Latin American Cinema – Syphon Gun Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Birdhouse Piper-Heidsieck Tribute to Independent Vision – Tim Robbins Source: 1998 Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – Slam Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Frat House (tie) Grand Jury Prize Documentary – The Farm: Angola, USA (tie) Special Jury Prize for Acting – Miss Monday Special Jury Prize Short Filmmaking – Fishbelly White Filmmakers Trophy Dramatic – Smoke Signals Filmmakers Trophy Documentary – Divine Trash Directing Award Dramatic – Pi Directing Award Documentary – Moment of Impact Excellence in Cinematography Award Dramatic – 2by4 Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – Wild Man Blues Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – High Art Freedom of Expression Award – The Decline of Western Civilization III Honorable Mention Latin American Cinema – Who the Hell Is Juliette? Audience Award Dramatic – Smoke Signals Audience Award Documentary – Out of the Past Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Snake Feed Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Human Remains Piper-Heidseick Tribute to Independent Vision – Frances McDormand Source: 1999 Grand Jury Prize Documentary – American Movie Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – Three Seasons Audience Award Documentary – Genghis Blues Audience Award Dramatic – Three Seasons Excellence in Cinematography Award Dramatic – Three Seasons Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – Regret to Inform Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – Rabbit in the Moon Directing Award Dramatic – Judy Berlin Directing Award Documentary – Regret to Inform Freedom of Expression Award – The Black Press: Soldiers Without Swords Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – Joe the King (tie) Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – Guinevere (tie) World Cinema Audience Award – Run Lola Run (tie) World Cinema Audience Award – Train of Life (tie) Filmmakers Trophy Dramatic – Tumbleweeds Filmmakers Trophy Documentary – Sing Faster: The Stagehands' Ring Cycle Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Stubble Trouble Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Come unto Me: The Faces of Tyree Guyton Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – A Pack of Gifts, Now Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Atomic Tabasco Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Devil Doll/Ring Pull Jury Prize Latin American Cinema – Little Saints Jury Prize Short Filmmaking – More Special Jury Prize – On the Ropes Special Jury Prize Latin American Cinema – Life is to Whistle Special Jury Prize for Acting – Happy, Texas Special Jury Prize for Distinctive Vision in Filmmaking – Treasure Island Piper-Heidsieck tribute to Independent Vision – Laura Dern Source: 2000s 2000 Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Long Night's Journey into Day Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – Girlfight & You Can Count on Me (tie) Directing Award Dramatic – Girlfight Directing Award Documentary – Paragraph 175 Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – You Can Count on Me Freedom of Expression Award – Dark Days Audience Award Dramatic – Two Family House Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – Americanos: Latino Life in The United States Excellence in Cinematography Award Dramatic – Committed World Cinema Audience Award – Saving Grace Special Jury Prize for Artistic Achievement – The Ballad of Ramblin' Jack Special Jury Prize for Writing – George Wallace: Settin' the Woods on Fire Special Jury Prize for Ensemble Cast – The Tao of Steve Special Jury Prize for Ensemble Cast – Songcatcher Jury Prize Latin American Cinema – Herod's Law Jury Prize Short Filmmaking – Five Feet High and Rising Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – No One Writes to the Colonel Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Darling International Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – G. Piper-Heidsieck tribute to Independent Vision – Kevin Spacey Source: 2001 Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Southern Comfort Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – The Believer Audience Award Dramatic – Hedwig and the Angry Inch Audience Award Documentary – Dogtown and Z-Boys & Scout's Honor Directing Award Documentary – Dogtown and Z-Boys Directing Award Dramatic – Hedwig and the Angry Inch Freedom of Expression Award – Scout's Honor World Cinema Audience Award – The Road Home Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – LaLee's Kin: The Legacy of Cotton Excellence in Cinematography Award Dramatic – The Deep End Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – Memento Special Jury Prize for Acting – In the Bedroom Special Jury Prize Documentary – Children Underground Jury Prize Latin American Cinema – Possible Loves Jury Prize Latin American Cinema – Sin Dejar Huella (English title Without a Trace) Special Jury Prize Latin American Cinema – Coffin Joe - The Strange World Of José Mojica Marins Jury Prize in Short Filmmaking – Gina, An Actress, Age 29 Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Delusions in Modern Primitivism Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Jigsaw Venus Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Metropopular Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Peter Rabbit and the Crucifix Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Pie Fight '69 Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Sweet Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Zen and the Art of Landscaping Piper-Heidsieck Award – Julianne Moore Source: 2002 Audience Award Documentary – Amandla!: A Revolution in Four-Part Harmony Audience Award Dramatic – Real Women Have Curves Directing Award Documentary – Sister Helen Directing Award Dramatic – Tadpole Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – Blue Vinyl Excellence in Cinematography Award Dramatic – Personal Velocity: Three Portraits Freedom of Expression Award – Amandla!: A Revolution in Four-Part Harmony Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Daughter from Danang Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – Personal Velocity: Three Portraits Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – No Dumb Questions Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – The Parlor Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Stuck Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Drowning Lessons Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Bus 44 Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Morning Breath Jury Prize Latin American Cinema – The Trespasser Jury Prize Short Filmmaking – Gasline Special Jury Prize Documentary – Senorita Extraviada Special Jury Prize Documentary – How to Draw a Bunny Special Jury Prize for Ensemble Cast – Manito Special Jury Prize for Originality – Secretary Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – Love Liza World Cinema Audience Award – L'ultimo bacio World Cinema Audience Award – Bloody Sunday Source: 2003 Alfred P. Sloan Prize – Dopamine Audience Award Documentary – My Flesh and Blood Audience Award Dramatic – The Station Agent Directing Award Dramatic – thirteen Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – Stevie Excellence in Cinematography Award Dramatic – Quattro Noza Freedom of Expression Award – What I Want My Words to Do to You Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Capturing the Friedmans Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – American Splendor Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Ocularist Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – The Planets Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Pan with Us Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – The Freak Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Asylum Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Fits & Starts Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Earthquake Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – From the 104th Floor Jury Prize Short Filmmaking – Terminal Bar Online Film Festival Audience Award Short Filmmaking – One Online Film Festival Audience Award Short Filmmaking Animation – Broken Saints Online Film Festival Second Place Audience Award Short Filmmaking – S-11 Redux: Channel Surfing the Apocalypse Online Film Festival Second Place Audience Award Short Filmmaking Animation – LOR Online Film Festival Third Place Audience Award Short Filmmaking – Icarus of Pittsburgh Online Film Festival Third Place Audience Award Short Filmmaking Animation – Bumble Beeing Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – The Station Agent World Cinema Audience Award – Whale Rider Source: 2004 Alfred P. Sloan Prize – Primer Audience Award Documentary – Born into Brothels Audience Award Dramatic – Maria Full of Grace Directing Award Documentary – Super Size Me Directing Award Dramatic – Down to the Bone Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – Imelda Excellence in Cinematography Award Dramatic – November Freedom of Expression Award – Repatriation Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Dig! Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – Primer Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Curtis Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Harvie Krumpet Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Krumped Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Papillon D’Amour Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Spokane Jury Prize in Short Filmmaking – When the Storm Came Jury Prize in Short Filmmaking – Gowanus, Brooklyn Jury Prize in International Short Filmmaking – Tomo Online Film Festival Audience Award Short Filmmaking – Strangers Online Film Festival Audience Award Short Filmmaking Animation – Drum Machine Online Film Festival Jury Award Short Filmmaking – Wet Dreams and False Images Online Film Festival Jury Award Short Filmmaking Animation – Bathtime in Clerkenwell Online Film Festival Jury Award Short Filmmaking New Forms – The Dawn at My Back: Memoir of a Texas Upgringing Special Jury Prize Documentary – Farmingville Special Jury Prize Dramatic – Brother to Brother Special Jury Prize for Acting – Vera Farmiga for her performance in Down to the Bone Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – Larry Gross for We Don't Live Here Anymore World Cinema Audience Award Documentary – The Corporation World Cinema Audience Award Dramatic – Seducing Doctor Lewis Source: 2005 Special Jury Prize for Editing – Murderball Audience Award Documentary – Murderball Audience Award Dramatic – Hustle & Flow Directing Award Documentary – Jeff Feuerzeig for The Devil and Daniel Johnston Directing Award Dramatic – Noah Baumbach for The Squid and the Whale Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – The Education of Shelby Knox Excellence in Cinematography Award Dramatic – Hustle & Flow Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Why We Fight Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – Forty Shades of Blue Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – One Weekend A Month Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Small Town Secrets Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Victoria Para Chino Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Tama Tu Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Ryan Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Bullets in the Hood: A Bed-Stuy Story Jury Prize in Short Filmmaking – Family Portrait Jury Prize in International Short Filmmaking – Wasp Special Jury Prize Documentary – After Innocence Special Jury Prize for Acting – Amy Adams in Junebug Special Jury Prize for Acting – Lou Pucci in Thumbsucker Special Jury Prize for Originality of Vision Dramatic – Miranda July writer, director, and actor in Me and You and Everyone We Know Special Jury Prize for Originality of Vision Dramatic – Rian Johnson director of Brick Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – Noah Baumbach for The Squid and the Whale World Cinema Jury Prize Documentary – Shape of the Moon World Cinema Jury Prize Dramatic – The Hero World Cinema Audience Award Dramatic – Brothers World Cinema Special Jury Prize Documentary – The Liberace of Baghdad World Cinema Special Jury Prize Documentary – Wall World Cinema Special Jury Prize Dramatic – The Forest For the Trees World Cinema Special Jury Prize Dramatic – Live-In Maid Source: 2006 2006 Alfred P. Sloan Prize – The House of Sand Audience Award Documentary – God Grew Tired of Us Audience Award Dramatic – Quinceañera Directing Award Documentary – James Longley for Iraq in Fragments Directing Award Dramatic – Dito Montiel for A Guide to Recognizing Your Saints Editing Award Documentary – Iraq in Fragments Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – James Longley for Iraq in Fragments Excellence in Cinematography Award Dramatic – Tom Richmond for Right at Your Door Grand Jury Prize Documentary – God Grew Tired of Us Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – Quinceañera Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Before Dawn Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Undressing My Mother Jury Prize in Short Filmmaking – Bugcrush Jury Prize in Short Filmmaking – The Wraith of Cobble Hill Jury Prize in International Short Filmmaking – The Natural Route Special Jury Prize Documentary – American Blackout Special Jury Prize Documentary – TV Junkie Special Jury Prize for Independent Vision Dramatic – In Between Days Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – Hilary Brougher for Stephanie Daley World Cinema Audience Award Documentary – De Nadie World Cinema Audience Award Dramatic – No. 2 World Cinema Jury Prize Documentary – In the Pit World Cinema Jury Prize Dramatic – 13 Tzameti World Cinema Special Jury Prize Documentary – Into Great Silence World Cinema Special Jury Prize Documentary – Dear Pyongyang World Cinema Special Jury Prize Dramatic – Eve and the Fire Horse Source: 2007 2007 Alfred P. Sloan Prize – Dark Matter Audience Award: Documentary – Hear and Now Audience Award: Dramatic – Grace Is Gone Directing Award Documentary – Sean Fine and Andrea Nix Fine for War/Dance Directing Award Dramatic – Jeffrey Blitz for Rocket Science Editing Award Documentary – Hibah Sherif Frisina, Charlton McMillan, and Michael Schweitzer for Nanking Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – Manda Bala (Send a Bullet) Excellence in Cinematography Award Dramatic – Benoît Debie for Joshua Grand Jury Prize Documentary – Manda Bala (Send a Bullet) Grand Jury Prize Dramatic – Padre Nuestro Honorable Mentions in Short Filmmaking – Death to the Tinman Honorable Mentions in Short Filmmaking – t.o.m. Honorable Mentions in Short Filmmaking – Men Understand Each Other Better (Mardha Hamdigar Ra Behtar Mifahmand) Honorable Mentions in Short Filmmaking – Spitfire 944 Honorable Mentions in Short Filmmaking – Motodrom Honorable Mentions in Short Filmmaking – The Fighting Cholitas Jury Prize in Short Filmmaking – Everything Will Be OK Jury Prize in International Short Filmmaking – The Tube With a Hat Special Jury Prize: Documentary – No End in Sight Special Jury Prize in Short Filmmaking – Freeheld Special Jury Prize for Acting – Jess Weixler in Teeth Special Jury Prize for Acting – Tamara Podemski in Four Sheets to the Wind Special Jury Prize for Singularity of Vision Dramatic – Chris Smith, director of The Pool Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award: Dramatic – James C. Strouse for Grace Is Gone World Cinema Audience Award: Documentary – In the Shadow of the Moon World Cinema Audience Award: Dramatic – Once World Cinema Jury Prize Documentary – Enemies of Happiness World Cinema Jury Prize Dramatic – Sweet Mud World Cinema Special Jury Prize Documentary – Hot House World Cinema Special Jury Prize Dramatic – L' Héritage (The Legacy) Source: 2008 Alfred P. Sloan Feature Film Prize – Sleep Dealer Audience Award: Documentary – Fuel Audience Award: Dramatic – The Wackness Directing Award: Documentary – American Teen Directing Award: Dramatic – Ballast Editing Award Documentary – Roman Polanski: Wanted and Desired Excellence in Cinematography Award: Documentary – Patti Smith: Dream of Life Excellence in Cinematography Award: Dramatic – Ballast Grand Jury Prize: Documentary – Trouble the Water Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic – Frozen River Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Aquarium Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – August 15th Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – La Corona (The Crown) Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Oiran Lyrics Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Spider Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Suspension Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – W. Jury Prize Short Filmmaking – My Olympic Summer Jury Prize Short Filmmaking – Sikumi (On the Ice) Jury Prize International Short Filmmaking – Soft Special Jury Prize: Documentary – The Greatest Silence: Rape in the Congo Special Jury Prize for Spirit of Independence – Anywhere, U.S.A. Special Jury Prize for Ensemble Cast – Choke Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – Sleep Dealer World Cinema Audience Award: Dramatic – Captain Abu Raed World Cinema Cinematography Award Documentary – Recycle World Cinema Directing Award Documentary – Durakovo: The Village of Fools (Durakovo: Le Village Des Fous) World Cinema Directing Award Dramatic – Mermaid (Rusalka) World Cinema Documentary Editing Award – The Art Star and the Sudanese Twins World Cinema Jury Prize Documentary – Man on Wire World Cinema Jury Prize Dramatic – King of Ping Pong (Ping Pongkingen) World Cinema Screenwriting Award – I Always Wanted to Be a Gangster (J'ai Toujours Rêvé d'Être un Gangster) World Cinema Special Jury Prize: Dramatic – Blue Eyelids (Párpados Azules) Source: 2009 2009 Alfred P. Sloan Prize – Adam Audience Award: Dramatic – Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire Audience Award: Documentary – The Cove Directing Award Dramatic – Cary Joji Fukunaga for Sin Nombre Directing Award Documentary – Natalia Almada for El General Excellence in Cinematography Award: Dramatic – Adriano Goldman for Sin Nombre Excellence in Cinematography Award: Documentary – Bob Richman for The September Issue Editing Award Documentary – Karen Schmeer for Sergio Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic – Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire Grand Jury Prize: Documentary – We Live in Public Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Omelette Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – The Attack of the Robots from Nebula-5 Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Jerrycan Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Western Spaghetti Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – I Live in the Woods Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Love You More Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Protect You + Me. Honorable Mention Short Filmmaking – Treevenge Jury Prize Short Filmmaking – Short Term 12 Jury Prize International Short Filmmaking – Lies Special Jury Prize Documentary – Good Hair Special Jury Prize for Spirit of Independence – Humpday Special Jury Prize for Acting – Mo'Nique for Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award: Dramatic – Nicholas Jasenovec and Charlyne Yi for Paper Heart World Cinema Audience Award: Documentary – Afghan Star World Cinema Audience Award: Dramatic – An Education World Cinema Cinematography Award: Documentary – John Maringouin for Big River Man World Cinema Cinematography Award: Dramatic – John De Borman for An Education World Cinema Directing Award: Documentary – Havana Marking for Afghan Star World Cinema Documentary Editing Award – Janus Billeskov Jansen and Thomas Papapetros for Burma VJ World Cinema Jury Prize Documentary – Rough Aunties World Cinema Jury Prize Dramatic – The Maid (La Nana) World Cinema Screenwriting Award – Guy Hibbert for Five Minutes of Heaven World Cinema Special Jury Prize Documentary – Tibet in Song World Cinema Special Jury Prize for Acting – Catalina Saavedra for The Maid (La Nana) World Cinema Special Jury Prize for Originality – Louise-Michel Source: 2010s 2010 Alfred P. Sloan Prize – Obselidia Audience Award: Dramatic – happythankyoumoreplease Audience Award: Documentary – Waiting for "Superman" Best of NEXT – Homewrecker (2010 film) Directing Award Documentary – Smash His Camera Directing Award Dramatic – 3 Backyards Excellence in Cinematography Award Dramatic – Obselidia Excellence in Cinematography Award Documentary – The Oath Editing Award Documentary – Joan Rivers: A Piece of Work Grand Jury Prize: Documentary – Restrepo Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic – Winter's Bone Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Born Sweet Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Can We Talk? Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Dock Ellis & The LSD No-No Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – How I Met Your Father Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Quadrangle Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Rob and Valentyna in Scotland Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Young Love Jury Prize International Short Filmmaking – The Six Dollar Fifty Man Jury Prize Short Filmmaking – Drunk History: Douglass & Lincoln Special Jury Prize Documentary – Gasland Special Jury Prize Dramatic – Sympathy for Delicious Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – Winter's Bone World Cinema Audience Award Documentary – Waste Land World Cinema Audience Award Dramatic – Undertow World Cinema Cinematography Award Documentary – His & Hers World Cinema Cinematography Award Dramatic – The Man Next Door World Cinema Directing Award Documentary – Space Tourists World Cinema Directing Award Dramatic – Southern District World Cinema Documentary Editing Award – A Film Unfinished World Cinema Jury Prize Documentary – The Red Chapel (Det Røde Kapel) World Cinema Jury Prize Dramatic – Animal Kingdom World Cinema Screenwriting Award – Southern District World Cinema Special Jury Prize Documentary – Enemies of the People World Cinema Special Jury Prize for Acting – Grown Up Movie Star Source: 2011 Grand Jury Prize: Documentary – How to Die in Oregon Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic – Like Crazy World Cinema Jury Prize: Documentary – Hell and Back Again World Cinema Jury Prize: Dramatic – Happy, Happy Audience Award: Documentary – Buck Audience Award: Dramatic – Circumstance World Cinema Audience Award: Documentary – Senna World Cinema Audience Award: Dramatic – Kinyarwanda Best of NEXT Audience Award – to.get.her Directing Award: Documentary – Jon Foy for Resurrect Dead: The Mystery of the Toynbee Tiles Directing Award: Dramatic – Sean Durkin for Martha Marcy May Marlene World Cinema Directing Award: Documentary – James Marsh for Project Nim World Cinema Directing Award: Dramatic – Paddy Considine for Tyrannosaur Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – Sam Levinson for Another Happy Day World Cinema Dramatic Screenwriting Award – Erez Kav-El for Restoration Documentary Editing Award – Matthew Hamachek and Marshall Curry for If a Tree Falls: A Story of the Earth Liberation Front World Cinema Documentary Editing Award – Goran Hugo Olsson and Hanna Lejonqvist for The Black Power Mixtape 1967-1975 Excellence in Cinematography Award: Documentary – Eric Strauss, Ryan Hill and Peter Hutchens for The Redemption of General Butt Naked Excellence in Cinematography Award: Dramatic – Bradford Young for Pariah World Cinema Cinematography Award: Documentary – Danfung Dennis for Hell and Back Again World Cinema Cinematography Award: Dramatic – Diego F. Jimenez for All Your Dead Ones World Dramatic Special Jury Prizes for Breakout Performances – Peter Mullan and Olivia Colman for Tyrannosaur World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Prize – Position Among the Stars Documentary Special Jury Prize – Being Elmo: A Puppeteer's Journey Dramatic Special Jury Prize – Another Earth Dramatic Special Jury Prize for Breakout Performance – Felicity Jones for Like Crazy Jury Prize in Short Filmmaking – Brick Novax Pt 1 and 2 International Jury Prize in Short Filmmaking – Deeper Than Yesterday Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Choke Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Diarchy Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – The External World Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – The Legend of Beaver Dam Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Out of Reach Honorable Mention in Short Filmmaking – Protoparticles Alfred P. Sloan Feature Film Prize – Another Earth Sundance Institute/Mahindra Global Filmmaking Awards – Bogdan Mustata of Romania for Wolf, Ernesto Contrera of Mexico for I Dream In Another Language, Seng Tat Liew of Malaysia for In What City Does It Live?, and Talya Lavie of Israel for Zero Motivation Sundance Institute/NHK Award – Cherien Dabis, director of May in the Summer Source: 2012 Grand Jury Prize: Documentary – The House I Live In Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic – Beasts of the Southern Wild World Cinema Jury Prize: Documentary – The Law in These Parts World Cinema Jury Prize: Dramatic – Violeta Went to Heaven (Violeta se Fue a Los Cielos) Audience Award: U.S. Documentary – The Invisible War Audience Award: U.S. Dramatic – The Surrogate (retitled The Sessions) World Cinema Audience Award: Documentary – Searching for Sugar Man World Cinema Audience Award: Dramatic – Valley of Saints Best of NEXT Audience Award – Sleepwalk with Me Alfred P. Sloan Feature Film Prize – Robot & Frank U.S. Directing Award: Documentary – The Queen of Versailles U.S. Directing Award: Dramatic – Middle of Nowhere World Cinema Directing Award: Documentary – 5 Broken Cameras World Cinema Directing Award: Dramatic – Teddy Bear Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – Safety Not Guaranteed World Cinema Screenwriting Award – Young & Wild U.S. Documentary Editing Award – Detropia World Cinema Documentary Editing Award – Indie Game: The Movie Excellence in Cinematography Award: U.S. Documentary – Chasing Ice Excellence in Cinematography Award: U.S. Dramatic – Beasts of the Southern Wild World Cinema Cinematography Award: Documentary – Putin's Kiss World Cinema Cinematography Award: Dramatic – My Brother the Devil U.S. Documentary Special Jury Prize for an Agent of Change – Love Free or Die U.S. Documentary Special Jury Prize for Spirit of Defiance – Ai Weiwei: Never Sorry U.S. Dramatic Special Jury Prize for Excellence in Independent Film Producing – Smashed and Nobody Walks U.S. Dramatic Special Jury Prize for Ensemble Acting – The Surrogate (retitled The Sessions) World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Prize for Artistic Vision – Can World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Prize for its Celebration of the Artistic Spirit – Searching for Sugar Man Jury Prize: Short Filmmaking – Fishing Without Nets Short Film Audience Award – The Debutante Hunters Source: 2013 U. S. Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic – Fruitvale (retitled Fruitvale Station) U. S. Grand Jury Prize: Documentary – Blood Brother World Cinema Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic – Jiseul World Cinema Grand Jury Prize: Documentary – A River Changes Course Audience Award: U. S. Dramatic presented by Acura – Fruitvale (retitled Fruitvale Station) Audience Award: U.S. Documentary presented by Acura – Blood Brother Audience Award: World Cinema Dramatic – Metro Manila Audience Award: World Cinema: Documentary – The Square Audience Award: Best of NEXT – This Is Martin Bonner Directing Award: U. S. Dramatic – Afternoon Delight Directing Award: U. S. Documentary – Cutie and the Boxer Directing Award: World Cinema Dramatic – Crystal Fairy Directing Award: World Cinema Documentary – The Machine Which Makes Everything Disappear Cinematography Award: U. S. Dramatic – Ain't Them Bodies Saints Cinematography Award: U. S. Dramatic – Mother of George Cinematography Award: U. S. Documentary – Dirty Wars: The World Is a Battlefield Cinematography Award: World Cinema Dramatic – Lasting Cinematography Award: World Cinema Documentary – Who Is Dayani Cristal? U. S. Documentary Special Jury Award for Achievement in Filmmaking – Inequality for All U. S. Documentary Special Jury Award for Achievement in Filmmaking – American Promise U. S. Dramatic Special Jury Award for Acting – Miles Teller & Shailene Woodley, The Spectacular Now U. S. Dramatic Special Jury Award for Sound Design – Shane Carruth & Johnny Marshall, Upstream Color World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award – Circles World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award for Punk Spirit – Pussy Riot – A Punk Prayer Editing Award: U. S. Documentary – Gideon's Army Editing Award: World Cinema Documentary – The Summit Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award: U.S. Dramatic – In a World... Screenwriting Award: World Cinema Dramatic – Wajma (An Afghan Love Story) Alfred P. Sloan Feature Film Prize – Computer Chess Short Film Grand Jury Prize – The Whistle Short Film Jury Award: US Fiction – Whiplash Short Film Jury Award: International Fiction – The Date Short Film Jury Award: Non-fiction – Skinningrove Short Film Jury Award: Animation – Irish Folk Furniture Short Film Special Jury Award for Acting – Joel Nagle, Palimpsest Short Film Special Jury Award – Kahlil Joseph, Until the Quiet Comes Short Film Audience Award, Presented by YouTube – Catnip: Egress to Oblivion Source: 2014 Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic – Whiplash Grand Jury Prize: Documentary - Rich Hill Directing Award: Dramatic – Fishing Without Nets Cinematography Award: Dramatic – Low Down Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – The Skeleton Twins Special Jury Prize for Breakthrough Talent: Dramatic – Dear White People Special Jury Prize for Musical Score: Dramatic – Kumiko, the Treasure Hunter Directing Award: Documentary – The Case Against 8 Cinematography Award: Documentary – E-Team Editing Award: Documentary – Watchers of the Sky Special Jury Prize for Intuitive Filmmaking: Documentary – The Overnighters Special Jury Prize for Use of Animation: Documentary – Watchers of the Sky World Cinema Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic – To Kill a Man World Cinema Directing Award: Dramatic – 52 Tuesdays World Cinema Cinematography Award: Dramatic – Lilting World Cinema Screenwriting Award – Blind World Cinema Special Jury Prize: Dramatic – God Help the Girl World Cinema Grand Jury Prize: Documentary – Return to Homs World Cinema Directing Award: Documentary – 20,000 Days on Earth World Cinema Cinematography Award : Documentary – Happiness World Cinema Editing Award: Documentary – 20,000 Days on Earth World Cinema Special Jury Prize: Documentary – We Come as Friends Audience Award: Dramatic – Whiplash Audience Award: Documentary – Alive Inside: A Story of Music and Memory World Cinema Audience Award: Dramatic – Difret World Cinema Audience Award: Documentary – The Green Prince Best of NEXT Audience Award – Imperial Dreams Short Filmmaking Audience Award – Chapel Perilous Short Film Grand Jury Prize – Of God and Dogs Short Film Jury Award: Animation – Yearbook Short Film Jury Award: International – The Cut Short Film Jury Award: Non-Fiction – I Think This Is the Closest to How the Footage Looked Short Film Jury Award: U.S. Fiction – Gregory Go Boom Special Jury Prize for Unique Vision: Short Filmmaking – Rat Pack Rat Special Jury Prize for Non-Fiction: Short Filmmaking – Love. Love. Love. Alfred P. Sloan Prize – I Origins Source: 2015 Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic – Me and Earl and the Dying Girl by Alfonso Gomez-Rejon Directing Award: Dramatic – Robert Eggers for The Witch Cinematography Award: Dramatic – Brandon Trost for The Diary of a Teenage Girl Editing Award: Dramatic – Lee Haugen for Dope Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – Tim Talbott for The Stanford Prison Experiment Special Jury Prize for Collaborative Vision: Dramatic – Jennifer Phang and Jacqueline Kim for Advantageous Grand Jury Prize: Documentary – The Wolfpack by Crystal Moselle Directing Award: Documentary – Matthew Heineman for Cartel Land Cinematography Award: Documentary – Matthew Heineman and Matt Porwoll for Cartel Land Special Jury Prize for Breakout First Feature: Documentary – Lyric R. Cabral and David Felix Sutcliffe for (T)error Special Jury Prize for Verité Filmmaking: Documentary – Western by Bill and Turner Ross Special Jury Prize for Social Impact: Documentary – 3½ Minutes by Marc Silver World Cinema Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic – Slow West by John Maclean World Cinema Directing Award: Dramatic – Alantė Kavaitė for The Summer of Sangailé World Cinema Cinematography Award: Dramatic – Germain McMicking for Partisan World Cinema Special Jury Prize for Acting: Dramatic – Regina Casé and Camila Márdila for The Second Mother World Cinema Special Jury Prize for Acting: Dramatic – Jack Reynor for Glassland World Cinema Grand Jury Prize: Documentary – The Russian Woodpecker by Chad Gracia World Cinema Directing Award: Documentary – Kim Longinotto for Dreamcatcher World Cinema Editing Award: Documentary – Jim Scott for How to Change the World World Cinema Special Jury Prize for Impact: Documentary – Pervert Park by Frida and Lasse Barkfors World Cinema Special Jury Prize for Unparalleled Access: Documentary – The Chinese Mayor by Hao Zhou Audience Award: Dramatic – Me and Earl and the Dying Girl by Alfonso Gomez-Rejon Audience Award: Documentary – Meru by Jimmy Chin and Elizabeth Chai Vasarhelyi World Cinema Audience Award: Dramatic – Umrika by Prashant Nair World Cinema Audience Award: Documentary – Dark Horse by Louise Osmond Best of NEXT Audience Award – James White by Josh Mond Short Film Grand Jury Prize – World of Tomorrow by Don Hertzfeldt Short Film Jury Award: Animation – Storm hits jacket by Paul Cabon Short Film Jury Award: International – Oh Lucy! by Atsuko Hirayanagi Short Film Jury Award: Non-Fiction – The Face of Ukraine: Casting Oksana Baiul by Kitty Green Short Film Jury Award: U.S. Fiction – SMILF by Frankie Shaw Special Jury Prize for Acting: Short Filmmaking – Laure Calamy for Back Alley by Cécile Ducrocq Special Jury Prize for Visual Poetry: Short Filmmaking – Object by Paulina Skibińska Alfred P. Sloan Prize – The Stanford Prison Experiment Source: 2016 Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic – The Birth of a Nation by Nate Parker Directing Award: Dramatic – Daniel Scheinert and Daniel Kwan for Swiss Army Man Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – Chad Hartigan for Morris From America U.S. Dramatic Special Jury Award – Miles Joris-Peyrafitte for As You Are U.S. Dramatic Special Jury Award for Breakthrough Performance – Joe Seo for Spa Night U.S. Dramatic Special Jury Award for Individual Performance – Melanie Lynskey for The Intervention and Craig Robinson for Morris from America Grand Jury Prize: Documentary – Weiner by Elyse Steinberg and Josh Kriegman Directing Award: Documentary – Roger Ross Williams for Life, Animated U.S. Documentary Special Jury Award for Editing – Penny Lane and Thom Stylinski for NUTS! Special Jury Prize for Social Impact: Documentary – Trapped by Dawn Porter U.S. Documentary Special Jury Award for Writing – Robert Greene for Kate Plays Christine Special Jury Prize for Verité Filmmaking: Documentary – The Bad Kids by Keith Fulton and Lou Pepe World Cinema Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic – Sand Storm by Elite Zexer World Cinema Directing Award: Dramatic – Felix van Groeningen for Belgica World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award for Acting – Vicky Hernandez and Manolo Cruz for Between Land and Sea World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award for Screenwriting – Ana Katz and Inés Bortagaray for Mi Amiga del Parque World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award for Unique Vision & Design – The Lure by Agnieszka Smoczyńska World Cinema Jury Prize: Documentary – Sonita by Rokhsareh Ghaemmaghami World Cinema Directing Award: Documentary – Michal Marczak for All These Sleepless Nights World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award for Best Debut Feature – Heidi Brandenburg and Mathew Orzel for When Two Worlds Collide World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award for Best Cinematography – Pieter-Jan De Pue for The Land of the Enlightened World Cinema Editing Award: Documentary – Mako Kamitsuna and John Maringouin for We Are X Audience Award: Dramatic – The Birth of a Nation by Nate Parker Audience Award: Documentary – Jim: The James Foley Story by Brian Oakes World Cinema Audience Award: Dramatic – Between Sea and Land by Manolo Cruz and Carlos del Castillo World Cinema Audience Award: Documentary – Sonita by Rokhsareh Ghaemmaghami Best of NEXT Audience Award – First Girl I Loved by Kerem Sanga Short Film Grand Jury Prize – Thunder Road by Jim Cummings Short Film Jury Award: US Fiction – The Procedure by Calvin Lee Reeder Short Film Jury Award: International Fiction – Maman(s) by Maïmouna Doucouré Short Film Jury Award: Non-fiction – Bacon & God's Wrath by Sol Friedman Short Film Jury Award: Animation – Edmond by Nina Gantz Short Film Special Jury Award for Outstanding Performance – Grace Glowicki for Her Friend Adam Short Film Special Jury Award for Best Direction – Ondřej Hudeček for Peacock Alfred P. Sloan Prize – Embrace of the Serpent by Ciro Guerra Source: 2017 Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic – I Don't Feel at Home in This World Anymore by Macon Blair Audience Award: Dramatic – Crown Heights by Matt Ruskin Directing Award: Dramatic – Eliza Hittman for Beach Rats Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – David Branson Smith and Matt Spicer for Ingrid Goes West U.S. Dramatic Special Jury Award for Breakthrough Performance – Chanté Adams for Roxanne Roxanne U.S. Dramatic Special Jury Award for Breakthrough Director – Maggie Betts for Novitiate U.S. Dramatic Special Jury Award for Cinematography – Daniel Landin for The Yellow Birds Grand Jury Prize: Documentary – Dina by Dan Sickles and Antonio Santini Directing Award: Documentary – Peter Nicks for The Force U.S. Documentary Orwell Award - Icarus by Bryan Fogel U.S. Documentary Special Jury Award for Editing – Kim Roberts and Emiliano Battista for Unrest U.S. Documentary Special Jury Award for Storytelling – Yance Ford for Strong Island U.S. Documentary Special Jury Award for Inspirational Filmmaking – Amanda Lipitz for Step World Cinema Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic – The Nile Hilton Incident by Tarik Saleh World Cinema Directing Award: Dramatic – Francis Lee for God's Own Country World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award for Screenwriting – Kirsten Tan for Pop Aye World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award for Cinematic Visions – Geng Jun for Free and Easy World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award for Cinematography – Manuel Dacosse for Axolotl Overkill World Cinema Jury Prize: Documentary – Last Men in Aleppo by Feras Fayyad World Cinema Directing Award: Documentary – Pascale Lamche for Winnie World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award for Masterful Storytelling – Catherine Bainbridge and Alfonso Maiorana for Rumble: The Indians Who Rocked the World World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award for Best Cinematography – Rodrigo Trejo Villanueva for Machines World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award for Editing – Ramona S. Diaz for Motherland Audience Award: Documentary – Chasing Coral by Jeff Orlowski World Cinema Audience Award: Dramatic – I Dream in Another Language by Ernesto Contreras World Cinema Audience Award: Documentary – Joshua: Teenager vs. Superpower by Joe Piscatella Best of NEXT Audience Award – Gook by Justin Chon Alfred P. Sloan Prize – Marjorie Prime by Michael Almereyda Short Film Grand Jury Prize - And so we put goldfish in the pool by Makoto Nagahisa Short Film Jury Award: U.S. Fiction - Lucia, Before and After by Anu Valia Short Film Jury Award: International Fiction - And The Whole Sky Fit In The Dead Cow's Eye by Francisca Alegría Short Film Jury Award: Nonfiction - Alone by Garrett Bradley Short Film Jury Award: Animation - Broken – The Women's Prison at Hoheneck by Volker Schlecht, Alexander Lahl, and Max Mönch Short Film Special Jury Award for Cinematography - Dadyaa — The Woodpeckers of Rotha by Pooja Gurung, Bibhusan Basnet, and Chintan Rajbhandari Short Film Special Jury Award for Editing - Laps by Charlotte Wells and Blair McClendon Source: 2018 U.S. Dramatic Grand Jury Prize Award: The Miseducation of Cameron Post, directed by Desiree Akhavan U.S. Dramatic Audience Award: Burden, directed by Andrew Heckler U.S. Dramatic Directing Award: The Kindergarten Teacher, directed by Sara Colangelo U.S. Dramatic Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award: Nancy, written by Christina Choe U.S. Dramatic Special Jury Award for Outstanding First Feature: Monsters and Men, directed by Reinaldo Marcus Green U.S. Dramatic Special Jury Award for Excellence in Filmmaking: I Think We're Alone Now, directed by Reed Morano U.S. Dramatic Special Jury Award for Achievement in Acting: Benjamin Dickey, Blaze U.S. Documentary Grand Jury Prize Award: Kailash (later released as The Price of Free), directed by Derek Doneen U.S. Documentary Audience Award: The Sentence, directed by Rudy Valdez U.S. Documentary Directing Award, On Her Shoulders, directed by Alexandria Bombach U.S. Documentary Special Jury Award for Social Impact: Crime + Punishment, directed by Stephen Maing U.S. Documentary Special Jury Award for Creative Vision: Hale County This Morning, This Evening, directed by RaMell Ross U.S. Documentary Special Jury Award for Breakthrough Filmmaking: Minding the Gap, directed by Bing Liu U.S. Documentary Special Jury Award for Storytelling: Three Identical Strangers, directed by Tim Wardle World Cinema Dramatic Grand Jury Prize: Butterflies, directed by Tolga Karacelik World Cinema Dramatic Audience Award: The Guilty, directed by Gustav Moller World Cinema Dramatic Directing Award: And Breathe Normally, directed by Ísold Uggadóttir World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award for Acting: Valeria Bertuccelli, The Queen of Fear World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award for Screenwriting: Time Share (Tiempo Compartido), written by Julio Chavezmontes and Sebastián Hofmann World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award for Ensemble Acting: Dead Pigs, directed by Cathy Yan World Cinema Documentary Grand Jury Prize: Of Fathers and Sons, directed by Talal Derki World Cinema Documentary Audience Award: This Is Home, directed by Alexandra Shiva World Cinema Documentary Directing Award: Shirkers, directed by Sandi Tan World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award: Matangi/Maya/M.I.A., presented to director Stephen Loveridge and M.I.A. World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award for Cinematography: Genesis 2.0, Peter Indergand and Maxim Arbugaev World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award for Editing: Our New President, Maxim Pozdorovkin and Matvey Kulakov NEXT Audience Award: Searching, directed by Aneesh Chaganty NEXT Innovator Award: (tie) Night Comes On, directed by Jordana Spiro; We the Animals, directed by Jeremiah Zagar Short Film Grand Jury Prize: Matria, directed by Alvaro Gago Short Film Jury Award: U.S. Fiction: Hair Wolf, directed by Mariama Diallo Short Film Jury Award: International Fiction: Would You Look at Her, directed by Goran Stolevski Short Film Jury Award: Nonfiction: The Trader (Sovdagari), directed by Tamta Gabrichidze Short Film Jury Award: Animation: Glucose, directed by Jeron Braxton Special Jury Awards: Emergency, directed by Carey Williams; Fauve, directed by Jérémy Comte; and For Nonna Anna, directed by Luis De Filippis. Sundance Institute Open Borders Fellowship Presented by Netflix: Of Fathers and Sons (Syria), directed by Talal Derki; Untitled film (India), directed by Chaitanya Tamhane; and Prayers for the Stolen, directed by Tatiana Huezo Sundance Institute / NHK Award: His House, directed by Remi Weekes. Sundance Institute Alfred P. Sloan Feature Film Prize: Searching, Aneesh Chaganty and Sev Ohanian Sundance Institute / Amazon Studios Producers Award: Sev Ohanian 2019 US Dramatic Grand Jury Prize: Clemency US Dramatic Audience Award: Brittany Runs a Marathon US Dramatic Directing: Joe Talbot for The Last Black Man in San Francisco US Dramatic Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award: Pippa Bianco for Share US Dramatic Special Jury Award for Vision and Craft: Alma Har'el for Honey Boy US Dramatic Special Jury Award for Creative Collaboration: The Last Black Man in San Francisco US Dramatic Special Jury Award for Breakthrough Performance: Rhianne Barreto for Share US Documentary Grand Jury Prize: One Child Nation US Documentary Audience Award: Knock Down the House US Documentary Directing: Steven Bognar and Julia Reichert for American Factory US Documentary Special Jury Award for Moral Urgency: Jacqueline Olive for Always in Season US Documentary Special Jury Award for Emerging Filmmaker: Liza Mandelup for Jawline US Documentary Special Jury Award for Cinematography: Luke Lorentzen for Midnight Family World Cinema Dramatic Grand Jury Prize: The Souvenir World Cinema Dramatic Audience Award: Queen of Hearts World Cinema Dramatic Directing: Lucía Garibaldi for The Sharks World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award: Alejandro Landes for Monos World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award for Acting: Krystyna Janda for Dolce Fine Giornata World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award for Originality: Makoto Nagahisa for We Are Little Zombies World Cinema Documentary Grand Jury Prize: Honeyland World Cinema Documentary Audience Award: Sea of Shadows World Cinema Documentary Directing: Mads Brügger for Cold Case Hammarskjöld World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award for Impact for Change: Tamara Kotevska and Ljubomir Stefanov for Honeyland World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award for Cinematography: Fejmi Daut and Samir Ljuma for Honeyland Short Film Grand Jury Prize: Aziza, directed by Soudade Kaadan Short Film Jury Award: U.S. Fiction: Green, directed by Susan Andrews Correa Short Film Jury Award: International Fiction: Dunya's Day, directed by Raed Alsemari Short Film Jury Award: Nonfiction: Ghosts of Sugar Land, directed by Bassam Tariq Short Film Jury Award: Animation: Reneepoptosis, directed by Renee Zhan Special Jury Award: Directing: Alexandra Lazarowich for Fast Horse; Robert Machoian for The Minors NEXT Audience Award: The Infiltrators NEXT Innovator Award: The Infiltrators Alfred P. Sloan Feature Film Prize: The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind Sundance Institute/Amazon Studios Producers Awards: Carly Hugo & Matt Parker for Share; Sev Ohanian for Lori Cheatle Sundance Open Borders Fellowship Presented by Netflix: Talal Derki for Of Fathers and Sons; Chaitanya Tamhane and Tatiana Huezo for Prayers for the Stolen Source: 2020s 2020 US Dramatic Grand Jury Prize: Minari US Dramatic Audience Award: Minari US Dramatic Directing Award: Radha Blank for The 40-Year-Old Version US Dramatic Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award: Edson Oda for Nine Days US Dramatic Special Jury Award for Ensemble Cast – The cast of Charm City Kings US Dramatic Special Jury Award: Auteur Filmmaking – Josephine Decker for Shirley US Dramatic Special Jury Award: Neo-Realism – Eliza Hittman for Never Rarely Sometimes Always US Documentary Grand Jury Prize: Boys State (Jesse Moss) US Documentary Audience Award: Crip Camp (Jim LeBrecht and Nicole Newnham) US Documentary Directing: Garrett Bradley for Time US Documentary Special Jury Award for Editing – Tyler H. Walk for Welcome to Chechnya US Documentary Special Jury Award for Innovation in Non-fiction Storytelling – Kirsten Johnson for Dick Johnson Is Dead US Documentary Special Jury Award for Emerging Filmmaker – Arthur Jones for Feels Good Man US Documentary Special Jury Award for Social Impact Filmmaking – Eli Despres, Josh Kriegman and Elyse Steinberg for The Fight World Cinema Dramatic Grand Jury Prize: Yalda, a Night for Forgiveness (Massoud Bakhshi) World Cinema Dramatic Audience Award: Identifying Features (Fernanda Valadez) World Cinema Dramatic Directing: Maïmouna Doucouré for Cuties World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award for Acting – Ben Whishaw for Surge World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award for Visionary Filmmaking – Lemohang Jeremiah Mosese for This Is Not a Burial, It's a Resurrection World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award for Best Screenplay – Astrid Rondero and Fernanda Valadez for Identifying Features World Cinema Documentary Grand Jury Prize: Epicentro (Hubert Sauper) World Cinema Documentary Audience Award: The Reason I Jump (Jerry Rothwell) World Cinema Documentary Directing: Iryna Tsilyk for The Earth Is Blue as an Orange World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award for Creative Storytelling – Benjamin Ree for The Painter and the Thief World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award for Cinematography – Radu Ciorniciuc and Mircea Topoleanu for Acasă, My Home World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award for Editing – Mila Aung-Thwin, Ryan Mullins and Sam Soko for Softie Short Film Grand Jury Prize: So What if the Goats Die, directed by Sofia Alaoui Short Film Jury Award: U.S. Fiction: Ship: A Visual Poem, directed by Terrence Daye Short Film Jury Award: International Fiction: The Devil’s Harmony, directed by Dylan Holmes Williams Short Film Jury Award: Nonfiction: John Was Trying to Contact Aliens, directed by Matthew Kilip Short Film Jury Award: Animation: Daughter, directed by Daria Kashcheeva NEXT Audience Award: I Carry You With Me (Heidi Ewing) NEXT Innovator Award: I Carry You With Me (Heidi Ewing) Alfred P. Sloan Feature Film Prize: Tesla (Michael Almereyda) Source: 2021 U.S. Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic Competition – CODA (Siân Heder) U.S. Grand Jury Prize: Documentary Competition – Summer of Soul (Ahmir “Questlove” Thompson) World Cinema Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic Competition – Hive (Blerta Basholli) World Cinema Grand Jury Prize: Documentary Competition – Flee (Jonas Poher Rasmussen) Audience Award: U.S.Dramatic – CODA (Siân Heder) Audience Award: U.S. Documentary – Summer of Soul (Ahmir “Questlove” Thompson) Audience Award: World Cinema Dramatic – Hive (Blerta Basholli) Audience Award: World Cinema Documentary – Writing with Fire (Rintu Thomas and Sushmit Ghosh) Audience Award: NEXT – Ma Belle, My Beauty (Marion Hill) Directing Award: U.S. Dramatic – Siân Heder for CODA Directing Award: U.S. Documentary – Natalia Almada for Users Directing Award: World Cinema Dramatic – Blerta Basholli for Hive Directing Award: World Cinema Documentary – Hogir Hirori for Sabaya Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – Ari Katcher and Ryan Welch for On the Count of Three Jonathan Oppenheim Editing Award – Kristina Motwani and Rebecca Adorno for Homeroom NEXT Innovator Award - Dash Shaw for Cryptozoo U.S. Dramatic Special Jury Award for Ensemble Cast – The cast of CODA U.S. Dramatic Special Jury Award: Best Actor - Clifton Collins Jr. for Jockey U.S. Documentary Special Jury Award: Emerging Filmmaker - Parker Hill and Isabel Bethencourt for Cusp U.S. Documentary Special Jury Award: Nonfiction Experimentation - Theo Anthony for All Light, Everywhere World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award: Vérité Filmmaking - Camilla Nielsson for President World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award: Impact for Change - Rintu Thomas and Sushmit Ghosh for Writing with Fire World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award: Acting - Jesmark Scicluna for Luzzu World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award: Creative Vision - Baz Poonpiriya for One for the Road Short Film Grand Jury Prize - Lizard Short Film Jury Award: U.S. Fiction - The Touch of the Master's Hand Short Film Jury Award: International Fiction - Bambirak Short Film Jury Award: Nonfiction - Don't Go Tellin' Your Momma Short Film Jury Award: Animation - Souvenir Souvenir Short Film Special Jury Award for Acting - Wiggle Room Short Film Special Jury Award for Screenwriting - The Criminals Alfred P. Sloan Feature Film Prize - Son of Monarchs Sundance Institute/Amazon Studios Producers Award for Nonfiction - Nicole Salazar for Philly D.A. Sundance Institute/Amazon Studios Producers Award for Fiction - Natalie Qasabian for Run Sundance Institute/Adobe Mentorship Award for Editing Nonfiction - Juli Vizza Sundance Institute/Adobe Mentorship Award for Editing Fiction - Terilyn Shropshire Sundance Institute/NHK Award - Meryam Joobeur for Motherhood Source: 2022 U.S. Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic Competition – Nanny (Nikyatu Jusu) U.S. Grand Jury Prize: Documentary Competition – The Exiles (Ben Klein and Violet Columbus) World Cinema Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic Competition – Utama (Alejandro Loayza Grisi) World Cinema Grand Jury Prize: Documentary Competition – All That Breathes (Shaunak Sen) Festival Favorite – Navalny (Daniel Roher) Audience Award: U.S. Dramatic – Cha Cha Real Smooth (Cooper Raiff) Audience Award: U.S. Documentary – Navalny (Daniel Roher) Audience Award: World Cinema Dramatic – Girl Picture (Alli Haapasalo) Audience Award: World Cinema Documentary – The Territory (Alex Pritz) Audience Award: NEXT – Framing Agnes (Chase Joynt) Directing Award: U.S. Dramatic – Jamie Dack for Palm Trees and Power Lines Directing Award: U.S. Documentary – Reid Davenport for I Didn't See You There Directing Award: World Cinema Dramatic – Maryna Er Gorbach for Klondike Directing Award: World Cinema Documentary – Simon Lereng Wilmont for A House Made of Splinters Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – K.D. Dávila for Emergency Jonathan Oppenheim Editing Award – Erin Casper and Jocelyne Chaput for Fire of Love NEXT Innovator Award – Chase Joynt for Framing Agnes U.S. Dramatic Special Jury Award: Ensemble Cast – The cast of 892 U.S. Dramatic Special Jury Award: Uncompromising Artistic Vision – Bradley Rust Gray for blood U.S. Documentary Special Jury Award: Creative Vision – Margaret Brown for Descendant U.S. Documentary Special Jury Award: Impact for Change – Paula Eiselt and Tonya Lewis Lee for Aftershock World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award: Acting – Teresa Sánchez for Dos Estaciones World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award: Innovative Spirit – Martika Ramirez Escobar for Leonor Will Never Die World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award: Excellence in Verité Filmmaking – Snow Hnin Ei Hlaing for Midwives World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award: Documentary Craft – Alex Pritz for The Territory Short Film Grand Jury Prize – The Headhunter's Daughter Short Film Jury Award: U.S. Fiction – If I Go Will They Miss Me Short Film Jury Award: International Fiction – Warsha Short Film Jury Award: Nonfiction – Displaced Short Film Jury Award: Animation – Night Bus Short Film Special Jury Award for Ensemble Cast – A Wild Patience Has Taken Me Here Short Film Special Jury Award for Screenwriting – Stranger Than Rotterdam with Sara Driver Alfred P. Sloan Feature Film Prize – After Yang Sundance Institute/Amazon Studios Producers Award for Nonfiction – Su Kim for Free Chol Soo Lee Sundance Institute/Amazon Studios Producers Award for Fiction – Amanda Marshall for God's Country Sundance Institute/Adobe Mentorship Award for Editing Nonfiction – Toby Shimin Sundance Institute/Adobe Mentorship Award for Editing Fiction – Dody Dorn Sundance Institute/NHK Award – Hasan Hadi for The President's Cake' Source: 2023 U.S. Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic Competition – A Thousand and One (A.V. Rockwell) U.S. Grand Jury Prize: Documentary Competition – Going to Mars: The Nikki Giovanni Project (Joe Brewster and Michèle Stephenson) World Cinema Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic Competition – Scrapper (Charlotte Regan) World Cinema Grand Jury Prize: Documentary Competition – The Eternal Memory (Maite Alberdi) Festival Favorite – Radical (Christopher Zalla) Audience Award: U.S. Dramatic – The Persian Version (Maryam Keshavarz) Audience Award: U.S. Documentary – Beyond Utopia (Madeleine Gavin) Audience Award: World Cinema Dramatic – Shayda (Noora Niasari) Audience Award: World Cinema Documentary – 20 Days in Mariupol (Mstyslav Chernov) Audience Award: NEXT – Kokomo City (D. Smith) Directing Award: U.S. Dramatic – Sing J. Lee for The Accidental Getaway Driver Directing Award: U.S. Documentary – Luke Lorentzen for A Still Small Voice Directing Award: World Cinema Dramatic – Marija Kavtaradze for Slow Directing Award: World Cinema Documentary – Anna Hints for Smoke Sauna Sisterhood Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award – Maryam Keshavarz for The Persian Version Jonathan Oppenheim Editing Award – Daniela I. Quiroz for Going Varsity in Mariachi NEXT Innovator Award – D. Smith for Kokomo City U.S. Dramatic Special Jury Award: Ensemble Cast – The cast of Theater Camp U.S. Dramatic Special Jury Award: Creative Vision – The creative team of Magazine Dreams World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award: Acting – Lio Mehiel for Mutt U.S. Documentary Special Jury Award: Clarity of Vision – The Stroll U.S. Documentary Special Jury Award: Freedom of Expression – Bad Press World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award: Creative Vision – Fantastic Machine World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award: Excellence in Verité Filmmaking – Against the Tide World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award: Creative Vision – Sofia Alaoui for Animalia World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award: Cinematography – Lílis Soares for Mami Wata Short Film Grand Jury Prize – When You Left Me On That Boulevard Short Film Jury Award: U.S. Fiction – Rest Stop Short Film Jury Award: International Fiction – The Kidnapping of the Bride Short Film Jury Award: Nonfiction – Will You Look At Me Short Film Jury Award: Animation – The Flying Sailor Short Film Special Jury Award, International: Directing – AliEN0089 Short Film Special Jury Award, U.S.: Directing – The Vacation Alfred P. Sloan Feature Film Prize – The Pod Generation Sundance Institute/Amazon Studios Producers Award for Nonfiction – Jess Devaney for It’s Only Life After All Sundance Institute/Amazon Studios Producers Award for Fiction – Kara Durrett for The Starling Girl Sundance Institute/Adobe Mentorship Award for Editing Nonfiction – Mary Manhardt Sundance Institute/Adobe Mentorship Award for Editing Fiction – Troy Takaki Sundance Institute/NHK Award – Olive Nwosu for Lady'' Source: References Sundance Film Festival award-winning films Sundance	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Sundance%20Film%20Festival%20award%20winners
Cedar Lake East Beach is an urban beach in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. It is managed by the Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board and located on the east side of Cedar Lake. Formerly known as Hidden Beach, the area used to be obscured down a forested path, which contributed to its rise of prominence in the 1960s and 1970s as enclave of counter-culture. After receiving attention for several decades due to illicit activities and safety concerns, the beach underwent a contentious "family-friendly" shift following efforts by the park board in the late 2010s. The location was already deemed extremely family friendly, patrons often brought their small children and infants to experience a community without judgement and to meet people from all walks of life. Unfortunately, the neighboring residents were not so welcoming of the "all walks of life" aspect of the community that had grown at Hidden Beach. History Railway: 1860s to 1980s Before 1867, Cedar Lake had a much different shape, and most of the woods surrounding Cedar Lake East Beach, particularly to the south east, were areas of water and wetland. In 1867, the St. Paul and Pacific Railway (a precursor to the BNSF Railway) built an earthen causeway through what was then a large bay on the east side of Cedar Lake. In 1871, the Minneapolis and St. Louis Railroad joined the St. Paul and Pacific Railway, running parallel tracks along the causeway. Slowly, by dumping cinders and other material, the part of the bay east of the causeway was filled in. The Minneapolis and St. Louis Railroad (became the St. Paul, Minneapolis, and Manitoba and moved its tracks from the east side to the north side of the lake 1883) then used the new land to create a major train yard. In 1878, a large scale ice cutting operation known as Cedar Lake Ice Company was founded on the lake’s north eastern shore, which shipped ice to places as far away as St. Louis, Missouri. By 1900, Dingley’s boat house occupied the end of a thin peninsula on the eastern side of the lake, which eventually widened and became the site of Cedar Lake East Beach. In 1913, as part of the effort to create the Chain of Lakes as well as the Grand Rounds Scenic Byway, Cedar Lake was lowered by to connect it with Lake of the Isles. As a result, what remained of the East Bay (west of the old earthen rail corridor) completely dried up. Despite the large railway operations going on nearby, the land surrounding Cedar Lake’s eastern shore was sold to build houses, hotels, and other such structures between 1895 and 1975. Unlike today, houses occupied both sides of Upton Avenue South. In the 1950s, the area was used as a city dump. Much of the road construction debris from the interstate highway projects wound up as mounds of rubbish along the eastern shoreline of Cedar Lake. The area quickly overgrew with cottonwood trees, resulting in the forested hills to the southeast of the beach. Counter-culture: 1960s to mid-late 2000s Sometime in the 1960s, the beach came to prominence. At the time, the beach was only a small grassy clearing by the shore, led to by a deer path-sized trail. It became known locally as an unofficial nude beach. Most of the railway yard closed by the mid-1980s, and the tracks and buildings were removed. In 1988, residents in the surrounding neighborhood purchased the land to the west of Upton Avenue South, between the lake and the road, and turned it into a city park with a vision of establishing a nature park. Instead, what established was a thriving community of local Minneapolis residents: many eclectic and artistic individuals of all races, who built a strong culture and welcoming group for daytime visitors that almost felt like a commune. While people did not live on site, many would spend the entire day or arrive after getting off work to join their community in beach games (some local to the area, like the legendary sport "Rock Golf" created by a longstanding elder member of the community), relaxation, music, shared food and drink, and the general attitude that all people from all ages and all walks of life were welcome and would be treated as family. The intergenerational aspect of the community was unique and something to be preserved, teens and seventy year old "old timers" who had been patrons of the area since the 60's and 70's were often found engaged in deep conversation or on the same teams for beach games and cards. Unfortunately, the polar opposite of the word "preservation" played out in every aspect imaginable - from destroying and removing the culture, to police brutalizing beachgoers who had committed minor offenses or often no crime at all, and decimating the natural beauty and endangered/threatened wildlife that once flourished there. The park police's continued harassment and abuse, the nearby wealthy neighborhood citizens dislike for counterculture and people who were "different", all this led to the downfall of the once beautiful place that used to be lovingly named Hidden Beach. Park conversion: post 2010 In 1995, residents in the neighborhood surrounding the beach used money from the Neighborhood Revitalization Plan funds to hire off-duty police officers to patrol the beach more frequently. This was done officially through the Kenwood Isles Area Association. The reasons behind this stemmed from a concern over illegal activity at the beach. Residents claimed that they were concerned with their safety and wanted to crack down on nudity, marijuana use, parties, and the daytime commune-vibe. Some believed that a lack of an official entrance to the beach represented a major obstacle for the park police to patrol and gain access freely. Some patrons of the beach claimed that the wealthy residents in the surrounding neighborhood wanted to reduce or eliminate use by non-residents. The police reported that crime was not any higher at the beach than it was at many other official beaches in Minneapolis. The Kenwood Isles Area Association pushed the Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board for a solution. Yet, others used another excuse, claiming the pervasiveness of an invasive species of Buckthorn which had grown over large areas of the park. In 2004, the park board decided to "renovate" the park due to both the safety and ecologic concerns. That summer, the park board widened paths and clear cut areas leading to the beach by clearing out buckthorn; as well as all non-invasive trees, species, and endangered plant life. The park board removed additional vegetation in subsequent years and continues to do so. The vegetation obscured the view of the beach from the street, which made it considerably more difficult for park police members looking for a means of promotion by meeting their quotas - by handing out tickets for dog related offenses, occasional partial female nudity, and beer drinkers. Police brutality was a common occurrence in the 2000's. Crime in the local residential area was often mistakenly attributed to the beachgoers, who also suffered from car break-ins or robberies after leaving the beach and entering the residential area where cars could be parked, instead of the city bus lines that began in the poorest areas of town and ended in this upscale wealthy neighborhood. Violent crime and theft were not known to occur on the beach itself or amongst its patrons. In 2007, community members held a session of meetings to address the growing concern over activity at the beach. Neighbors voted down a proposal to build a large parking lot. However, they voted in favor of graveling the path to the beach, which required clear cutting of additional trees and endangered plant life, to allow for service and police vehicles to reach the beach area. Other renovations approved included installation of picnic tables, a grill, a permanent police-only parking lot on the beachside itself, and a lifeguard stand. The initial wood life guard stand burned down, which some suspect was deliberate by vandals, and was replaced with a metal stand. In popular culture The cover for the 1985 album New Day Rising by Hüsker Dü was shot at Hidden Beach. Photo gallery See also Cedar Lake Trail References 4. Elizabeth Crandall, Primary Source Reference Material External links Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board: Cedar Lake East Beach Historical Photos of Cedar Lake (c. 1890–1900) Beaches of Minnesota Parks in Minneapolis Landforms of Hennepin County, Minnesota	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedar%20Lake%20East%20Beach
The Battle Creek Sanitarium was a world-renowned health resort in Battle Creek, Michigan, United States. It started in 1866 on health principles advocated by the Seventh-day Adventist Church and from 1876 to 1943 was managed by Dr. John Harvey Kellogg. The "San", as it was called, flourished under Dr. Kellogg's direction and became one of the "premier wellness destinations" in the United States. After a devastating fire in 1902 the Sanitarium was not only rebuilt, but also enlarged. At its zenith, the sprawling health and wellness complex of more than 30 buildings situated on 30 acres accommodated near thirteen hundred guests. It housed a hospital with research facilities and a nursing school, as well as the Sanitarium Food Company, among others. Following the disfellowshipping of Dr. Kellogg in 1907, the physician stated that he and his employees were "independents" who "did not belong to any church" and that the Sanitarium promoted his theory of "biologic living" based on Adventist principles. In 1928, a distinct 14-story addition to the main building, the "Towers", was constructed. The Great Depression forced the institution to constrict and sell assets to serve its debt. In 1942, the signature main building was purchased by the U.S. Army and converted into the Percy Jones Army Hospital, and the sanatorium moved to the former Phelps Sanitarium building. The hospital was disbanded in the 1950s, and the facility was managed by the General Services Administration. In 2003, it was re-dedicated as the Hart–Dole–Inouye Federal Center. In 1957, the floundering wellness institution was taken over by the Seventh-day Adventist Church, which operated it under a different name until 1993, when it was sold. History In May 1866, Ellen G. White presented the idea to create a health institution based on the newly developing health philosophy of the Seventh Day Adventist Church at the fourth session of the Church's General Conference in Battle Creek. The leaders of the church, including Ellen's husband James S. White agreed, and construction began on the Western Health Reform Institute, which would later become the Battle Creek Sanitarium. On September 5, 1866, the Institute opened and began accepting patients, at first under Dr. Horatio S. Lay. In 1876, Dr. John Harvey Kellogg became the medical superintendent, and his brother, W. K. Kellogg, worked as the bookkeeper. As John H. Kellogg put it, they took the word "sanatorium", which then was defined as a health resort for invalid soldiers. In his words, "A change of two letters transformed 'sanatorium' to 'sanitarium', and a new word was added to the English language". Kellogg stated the number of patients grew from 106 in 1866, to 7,006 patrons during the year 1906. In 1878, a new wooden structure known as the "Old Main" was built on the site, going through major redevelopments in 1884 and 1891. The Old Main burned down in 1902 and was rebuilt in stone, 5-story high and enlarged. In 1928, Battle Creek Sanitarium expanded with a 14-story high-rise with 265 guest rooms, called the "Towers", facing Champion Street. The institution went into receivership in 1933, and the Sanitarium started to vacate its main facility. In 1942, the U. S. Army purchased the main building and established the Percy Jones General Hospital; the hospital closed permanently in 1953 and one year later became the Battle Creek Federal Center. Owned by the Seventh-day Adventists, the Battle Creek Sanitarium continued to operate as a psychiatric facility through the 1970s but closed its doors by the end of the decade. In 1986, the radial wings of the main building (the solarium, gymnasium and swimming pool) were razed, and the Sanitarium entered into the final chapter of its history, which formally ended in 1993. Medical records have since been microfiched and are now kept by the nearby Fieldstone Center. The sanitarium system Guests, staff, and buildings Along with high numbers of patrons, there was a large number of staff at Battle Creek. Kellogg stated that "at the Battle Creek Sanitarium, the number of persons employed is never less than eight hundred, and often rises in the busiest season to more than one thousand". They comprised "physicians, nurses, helpers etc". (There were 30 physicians on staff). The main buildings comprised four large buildings, chief of which was the central structure, "which affords rooming accommodations for about 400 guests...(and)...treatment rooms capable of handling more than 1,000 patients" The sanitarium became a destination for both prominent and middle-class American citizens. Celebrated American figures who visited the sanitarium (including Mary Todd Lincoln and Sojourner Truth) would influence and encourage enthusiasm for health and wellness among the general population. "Battle Creek Sanitarium was world renowned and became the 'in' place for the rich and famous to seek their lost health, to listen to health lectures and to learn and practice the principles of a healthy lifestyle". Therapeutic system At the sanitarium, Kellogg explored various treatments for his patients, including diet reform and frequent enemas. He encouraged a low-fat, low-protein vegetarian diet with an emphasis on whole grains, fiber-rich foods, and most importantly, nuts. Kellogg also recommended a daily intake of fresh air, exercise, and the importance of hygiene. Many of the theories of John Harvey Kellogg were later published in his book The Road to Wellness. C. W. Post also worked with Dr. John Harvey Kellogg. Kellogg described the Sanitarium system as "a composite physiologic method comprising hydrotherapy, phototherapy, thermotherapy, electrotherapy, mechanotherapy, dietetics, physical culture, cold-air cure, and health training". To assist with diagnostics and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, various measures of physiological integrity were utilised to obtain numerous vital coefficients, "especially in relation to the integrity and efficiency of the blood, the heart, the lungs, the liver, the kidneys, stomach, intestines, brain, nerves and muscles". Hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy was widely utilized. Two three-story buildings, for men and women respectively, were devoted to hydrotherapy. Each building had a basement, "devoted to rectal and bowel applications and classrooms". Both buildings were connected to the main building and the 'great gymnasium'. Kellogg, the facility's founder and owner, stated "that hydrotherapy has won a definite and permanent place in modern rational therapeutics can no longer be questioned, and the Battle Creek Sanitarium claims recognition as the pioneer in scientific hydrotherapy" in America. Kellogg's use of hydrotherapy was a more sophisticated development of the system that was utilized in the early 19th century by Vincent Priessnitz, which, when introduced to America, was essentially a "cold water cure", although "as a tonic, cold water has no superior". The Battle Creek system utilized both hot and cold water, and correlated the use of hydrotherapy with other therapeutic modalities. Among the methods used were douches, sitz baths, cold mitten frictions, salt glows, towel rubs, wet sheet rubs, wet and dry packings, compresses, "full baths of various sorts, including Nauheim baths, electro-hydric baths, shallow and neutral baths". Kellogg stated his belief that use of hot and cold applications would "profound reflex effects", including vasodilation and vasoconstriction. Phototherapy, thermotherapy, and electrotherapy This department employed both solar and electric light, with the latter used chiefly during winter. Phototherapy held a prominent place at Battle Creek, where the first electric light bath was constructed. Regarding the application of electricity, Kellogg stated that "electricity is not capable of accomplishing half the marvels that are claimed for it by many enthusiastic electrotherapists". Nevertheless, he stated that it was valuable when used in conjunction with hydrotherapy, thermotherapy, and other methods. Physical training Physical exercise was an important part of the Battle Creek system, facilitating not just the improvement of muscle tone, but also of posture, respiration, and of circulation and the facilitation of anabolic and catabolic functions enabled by circulatory processes. Exercise included such components as postural, calisthetics, gymnastics, swimming, and passive methods such as mechanotherapy, vibrotherapy, mechanical massage. Open-air and cold-air methods Kellogg stated that exposure to the sun and open air was fundamentally important for health, including stimulation of the skin. Battle Creek had a large outdoor gymnasium. Again, the use of temperature differentials facilitated by water was a component, with exercise followed by a plunge into a fresh water swimming pool "just cool enough to be refreshing and invigorating", according to Kellogg's description of his own facility. Patients were encouraged to sleep in the open air, and a range of outdoor activities were facilitated, from wood-chopping to basketball and other games, walking, trotting, and swimming lessons. Also available were skating, tobogganing, skiing, and other outdoor sports (p. 111). "Thus all the best advantages of the seashore, camping out, 'going fishing', and other forms of recreation are secured, while the patient is protected from excess by the careful guidance of his physician, and has the advantages of medical care, dietetic regulation, etc", stated Kellogg in reference to the resort he owned and operated. Dietetics Battle Creek utilized information as known at that time to provide nutritional requirements for health and well-being relative to each person's requirements. Food required careful prescriptive preparation, with care also taken to ensure appetiveness and palatability were recognized. The diet lists included "scores of special dishes and hundreds of special food preparations, each of which has been carefully studied in relation to its nutritive and therapeutic properties", with the diet lists used "by the physicians in arranging the diet prescriptions of individual patients". Also, "all the so-called Sanitarium health foods" were "regularly found on the Sanitarium bill of fare, having been originally devised solely for this use". Decline of the Battle Creek Sanitarium After the Wall Street Crash of 1929 few previously well-to-do patients came to the sanitarium. Finances became very difficult for the "San" and the complex was put under receivership in 1933. The sanitarium stayed in business until after the beginning of WWII. The U.S. Army, needing a hospital, paid $2,341,000 and moved in creating Percy Jones Army Hospital. The complex was later converted into a federal center and is currently named the Hart–Dole–Inouye Federal Center. National Register The Battle Creek Sanitarium was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The original listing included only the main building, a long six-story building in the Italian Renaissance Revival style, situated parallel to North Washington Avenue. The listing was expanded in 2012 to include the 1928 tower, other buildings built prior to 1953, and the site itself. Notable patients Thomas A. Edison, inventor. Amelia Earhart, first female aviator to fly across the Atlantic Ocean Irving Fisher, celebrity economist and a later fellow of J. H. Kellogg's Race Betterment Foundation (eugenics) Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company and high-volume user of the assembly line James Cash Penney, founder of J.C. Penney Department Stores In popular culture Battle Creek Sanitarium is depicted in the American 1994 film The Road to Wellville by Alan Parker, with British actor Anthony Hopkins playing a highly fictionalized Dr. J.H. Kellogg in one of the leading roles. This movie ends with the fire of the sanitarium building complex. Notes a.''' A persual of the main body of the text reveals an impressive use of the available scientific methods of the day. However, the synopsis from the contents page is hard to beat for succinctness, hence the quotations.b.' A Nauheim or 'effervescent' bath is a type of spa bath through which carbon dioxide is bubbled. It is named after the German spa townKellogg, J.H. (1908) pp.79, 81, 83, 170, 175, 187 References Further reading Kellogg, John Harvey. The Battle Creek Sanitarium System: History, Organization, Methods. Battle Creek, Mich: Gage Printing Co., 1908. Schwarz, Richard W. John Harvey Kellogg: Pioneering Health Reformer''. Hagerstown, MD: Review and Herald, 2006 External links Battle Creek Sanitarium, Willard Library Digital Collection History of the Hart–Dole–Inouye Federal Center: The Sanitarium Era Adventism in Michigan Hospital buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan Battle Creek, Michigan Michigan State Historic Sites Hospital buildings completed in 1903 Hospitals affiliated with the Seventh-day Adventist Church Buildings and structures in Calhoun County, Michigan 1866 establishments in Michigan National Register of Historic Places in Calhoun County, Michigan Former Seventh-day Adventist institutions History of medicine in the United States	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20Creek%20Sanitarium
Lawrence Shulman (born May 17, 1937) is the former Dean of the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. His scholarship covers these subfields of social work: group work, supervision, child welfare, and teaching. Among his books are: The Skills of Helping: Individuals, Families, Groups and Communities, Interactional Supervision; and Mutual Aid Groups Vulnerable and Resilient Populations, and The Life Cycle. External links School of Social Work. The Skills of Helping: Individuals, Families, Groups and Communities; 1937 births Living people University at Buffalo faculty	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence%20Shulman
Dorothy Goodman ( Bruchholz; January 15, 1926 – July 23, 2023) was an American educator closely associated with the charter school movement. She founded and served as Director of the Washington International School; launching the school with three 4-year-olds in the basement of her home in 1966 and served as headmistress until 1985, when the school enrolled 530 students, ranging in age from 3 to 18, representing 80 nations. Dorothy Bruchholz was born in Minneapolis on January 15, 1926. She was educated at Bryn Mawr College and received her Ph.D. from the University of London. Goodman was a founder of the International Baccalaureate: North America, and has been credited with the success of that program. She has served as Chairwoman of Friends of International Education (FIE) and president of Committee for Public Autonomous Schools (COMPASS), an organization that supports the founding of public charter schools. She advocated the teaching of Chinese and Russian to American students, saying she was inspired in this by Lee Kuan Yew, long-time prime minister of Singapore. She has also been a trustee of the UWC-USA, and a visible and vocal spokesperson for educational causes globally. Dorothy Goodman died of congestive heart failure at her home in Washington, D.C., on July 23, 2023, at the age of 97. References 1926 births 2023 deaths Alumni of the University of London American educators Bryn Mawr College alumni Educators from Minneapolis American expatriates in the United Kingdom Deaths from congestive heart failure	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy%20Goodman
Charlotte and Her Boyfriend () is a 13-minute 1958 film by Franco-Swiss director Jean-Luc Godard. It is shot entirely in or from a hotel room, in which Jules (Jean-Paul Belmondo) gives Charlotte (Anne Collette) a seemingly endless and self-indulgent tirade on her faults and his tribulations. Belmondo's voice is in fact dubbed by Godard. It is a homage to Jean Cocteau's successful one-act play , where the roles are opposite. It can be seen on the Criterion and Optimum DVDs of À Bout de Souffle. Cast Jean-Paul Belmondo as Jules Gérard Blain as The New Boyfriend Anne Collette as Charlotte Jean-Luc Godard as Jules (voice) References External links Film page at Le Film Guide Films directed by Jean-Luc Godard 1958 films French short films 1958 drama films 1950s French-language films French black-and-white films 1950s French films	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte%20and%20Her%20Boyfriend
Super Bowl XLVIII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos and National Football Conference (NFC) champion Seattle Seahawks to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2013 season. The Seahawks defeated the Broncos 43–8, the largest margin of victory for an underdog and tied for the third largest point differential overall (35) in Super Bowl history with Super Bowl XXVII (1993). It was the first time the winning team scored over 40 points while holding their opponent to under 10. This became the first Super Bowl victory for the Seahawks and the fifth Super Bowl loss for the Broncos, at the time a league record (it would later be tied by the New England Patriots following their Super Bowl LII loss) for the most of any team. The game was played on February 2, 2014, at MetLife Stadium at the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford, New Jersey, the first Super Bowl played outdoors in a cold-weather city and the first Super Bowl to be played on February 2. The Seahawks posted a 13–3 record and were making their second Super Bowl appearance in nine years. The Broncos were making their seventh Super Bowl appearance after also posting a 13–3 record. This marked one of the few times that two former divisional rivals met in a Super Bowl, as the Seahawks and Broncos were in the same division (the AFC West) from 1977 to 2001. Seattle led 22–0 at halftime and ultimately went up 36–0 before allowing Denver's first and only score on the final play of the third quarter. The 36–0 lead was by far the largest shutout lead in Super Bowl history; the previous record was 24–0, shared by the Miami Dolphins over the Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl VIII and the Washington Redskins over the Buffalo Bills in Super Bowl XXVI. Seahawks defensive end Cliff Avril scored a safety on the first play from scrimmage. They became the first team in a Super Bowl to score on a safety (12 seconds into the start of the game which set the record for the quickest score), a kickoff return for a touchdown (12 seconds into the second half), and an interception return for a touchdown. The Broncos were held to almost 30 points below their scoring average. Broncos quarterback Peyton Manning, a five-time NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP) award winner, threw two interceptions in the first half. Seahawks linebacker Malcolm Smith, who returned one of those interceptions 69 yards for a touchdown, recovered a fumble and made nine tackles, was named Super Bowl MVP. In the United States, the game was televised by Fox; with an average audience of 111.5 million viewers that peaked at 115.3 million during the halftime show featuring Bruno Mars, the game was briefly the most-watched U.S. television broadcast of all time, until it was surpassed by Super Bowl XLIX the following year. The game's inaugural Spanish-language telecast on Fox Deportes was also the highest-rated Spanish-language cable telecast outside of soccer. Seattle also tied the 1992 Dallas Cowboys for the third-largest blowout in Super Bowl history, behind Super Bowl XXIV in 1990, a 55–10 San Francisco 49ers victory over the Denver Broncos, and Super Bowl XX in 1986, a 46–10 Chicago Bears victory over the New England Patriots. This was also the first time since 1991 that the #1 scoring offense (Broncos) went up against the #1 scoring defense (Seahawks). Because the game was one-sided from start to finish, Super Bowl XLVIII is widely regarded as one of the worst and most disappointing Super Bowls of all time, although it is also viewed as a crowning achievement of the Seahawks’ 2013 defense. Background Previous plans for a Super Bowl in the New York City area Efforts to see the New York City area host a Super Bowl predate MetLife Stadium's planning. In the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C., those metro areas' business communities separately discussed seeking to host a future Super Bowl. The general thought was that either of these cities being the location of a Super Bowl would symbolize national recovery in the aftermath of the attacks. There was belief that if New York were awarded a Super Bowl (either building a new stadium or renovated the existing Giants Stadium to be the host venue), it might assist the city's bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics in the same vein that awarding Super Bowl XXVIII to the city of Atlanta may have assisted the prospects of Atlanta's ultimately successful bid for the 1996 Summer Olympics. Both New York City and Washington, D.C. were, at one point, seen as likely to bid in 2003 for either 2008's Super Bowl XLII or 2009's Super Bowl XLIII. However, the prospect of the New York City region hosting a Super Bowl proved challenging due not only to the non-ideal cold weather climate, but also due to the difficulty in delivering an appropriate host venue. The city of New York and the New York Jets failed to secure a deal to build a new West Side Stadium (which, according to the initial plans, would have been built with a roof). Proposed renovations to the aging Giants Stadium were still subject to dispute between stakeholders. Giants Stadium lacked a roof, as did the city's two Major League Baseball stadiums. The lack of a venue with a roof was also seen as an obstacle due to the NFL having never played an outdoor Super Bowl in a cold weather climate. New York City ultimately bid in 2005 for a Super Bowl. The NFL voted on March 23, 2005 to award New York City the rights to host 2010's Super Bowl XLIV, contingent on the proposed West Side Stadium (the planned site of the game) being completed by 2008. In August 2005, after New York state government officials declined to approve $400 million for the stadium, the NFL decided to revoke New York City's hosting rights, and reopen the bidding for the game's site. Host selection process Three stadiums were part of the bidding to host the game: MetLife Stadium – East Rutherford, New Jersey Raymond James Stadium – Tampa, Florida Sun Life Stadium – Miami Gardens, Florida Tampa had hosted four Super Bowls (XVIII, XXV, XXXV and XLIII), while South Florida / Miami had hosted ten Super Bowls (II, III, V, X, XIII, XXIII, XXIX, XXXIII, XLI and XLIV). During the voting process by the league owners, the South Florida/Miami bid was eliminated in the second round of voting, but it eventually took the fourth round of voting for New Jersey's bid to beat Tampa's. The game was awarded on May 26, 2010 at the NFL owners meetings in Irving, Texas. Super Bowl XLVIII was the first Super Bowl held at an open-air stadium in a "cold-weather" city; previous Super Bowls in cold-weather cities were held at indoor stadiums. However, the temperature at kickoff was a mild , making this only the third-coldest Super Bowl. A major snow storm hit the area the very next day. According to Weather.com, the average high and low temperatures for East Rutherford on February 2 were and , respectively. The coldest outdoor Super Bowl of the first 47 games was Super Bowl VI, held at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans on January 16, 1972, with a kickoff temperature of (Tulane Stadium also hosted the second coldest outdoor Super Bowl, Super Bowl IX, with a kickoff temperature of ). However, New Orleans usually has a humid subtropical climate, with January morning lows averaging around and daily highs around ; also, all New Orleans Super Bowls since XII have been played at the indoor Superdome. Since Super Bowl X in 1976, all but one outdoor Super Bowl has been played in either California or Florida, the exception being Super Bowl XXX in Tempe, Arizona. NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell indicated that if Super Bowl XLVIII was successful, additional "cold-weather" Super Bowls would be considered. Super Bowl XLVIII was the first NFL championship game to be held in the New York metropolitan area since December 30, 1962, when the Green Bay Packers beat the New York Giants in the original Yankee Stadium, 16–7. Since then, two other major pro football leagues have held title games in the area: 1968 AFL Championship Game at Shea Stadium, December 29, 1968: New York Jets 27, Oakland Raiders 23. The Jets went on to Super Bowl III, where they upset the Baltimore Colts, 16–7. 1985 USFL Championship Game at Giants Stadium, July 14, 1985: Baltimore Stars 28, Oakland Invaders 24. This game turned out to be the final contest in the league's three-year history. MetLife Stadium was the first Super Bowl venue that was simultaneously home to two NFL teams: the New York Giants and the New York Jets, and thus was the first championship game to have two host teams. The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (which hosted Super Bowls I and VII) served as the home of the Los Angeles Rams and the Los Angeles Raiders, but not at the same time. This was also the first Super Bowl played outdoors on artificial turf (FieldTurf) since Super Bowl X (1976) at the Miami Orange Bowl. It was also the first in which two U.S. states, New York and New Jersey, shared hosting duties. This was also the first Super Bowl to be played outdoors since Super Bowl XLIV was played in Miami Gardens. Winter outlook and contingency plans The choice of holding the Super Bowl outdoors in a cold weather environment generated some controversy. When it was released in August 2013, the "Winter Outlook" section in the 2014 Farmers' Almanac predicted that a winter storm would hit just about the time Super Bowl XLVIII kicked off; this generated the attention of several media sources, including ESPN's Rick Reilly in a piece that aired on ESPN's Monday Night Countdown on October 21, 2013. In a radio interview broadcast on WFAN, Fox studio analyst Terry Bradshaw stated that he opposes the idea of a cold Super Bowl, stating "I don't want it to be bad ... What if we get two passing teams?" In a piece published on Sports Illustrated'''s "Monday Morning Quarterback" site, Seattle Seahawks cornerback Richard Sherman also opposed holding the game at MetLife Stadium, stating that "it's the league's responsibility to show its audience the best possible product, and this can't happen in the snow." The decision to play the game in New Jersey was made even more controversial by the fact that the NFL informed the Miami Dolphins that Sun Life Stadium would never host another Super Bowl until they put a roof over the stadium for fear of rain. The NFL announced on December 18, 2013, that in the event of a forecast of heavy snow, the game would be rescheduled for the Saturday before, or for the Monday or Tuesday after. One day before the Super Bowl, weather conditions for the game were forecast to be mostly cloudy with temperatures in the low to mid-40s Fahrenheit. A winter storm arrived 6 hours after the game ended, dropping of snow on the region. The inclement weather canceled a quarter of the flights available at the area's three major airports, stranding thousands. Nicknames Super Bowl XLVIII earned a few unofficial nicknames, with the "Weed Bowl", "Bong Bowl", and "Marijuana Bowl" being among the most prominent, from users of social networking websites and various news outlets as the home states of the Seahawks and Broncos (Washington and Colorado, respectively) were the first two states to legalize marijuana for recreational use, during the fall 2012 elections. Teams The Broncos and Seahawks were divisional AFC West rivals from 1977 until 2001, when the Seahawks moved to the NFC West. Their matchup in Super Bowl XLVIII marked the first time former in-division rivals met in the Super Bowl since Super Bowl XLIII. Seattle Seahawks Seattle finished the season 13–3, winning the NFC West division and home-field advantage throughout the playoffs. The team scored 417 points during the season, while giving up 231. The offense was led by second-year quarterback Russell Wilson, a third-round draft pick who won the starting role after a three-way quarterback competition in training camp and went on to win a playoff game in his rookie season with the Seahawks. In his second season, he completed 63.1 percent of his passes for 3,357 yards and 26 touchdowns, with only nine interceptions, while also rushing for 539 yards and another score. His 101.2 passer rating ranked him seventh in the NFL, and made him the first quarterback in history with a triple-digit passer rating in his first two seasons. His top target was Pro Bowl receiver Golden Tate, who caught 64 passes for 898 yards and five touchdowns. Tate was also a major asset on special teams, returning 51 punts for 585 yards (second in the NFL). Other key targets included Doug Baldwin (50 receptions, 775 yards, five touchdowns) and tight end Zach Miller (33 receptions, 387 yards, five touchdowns). Pro Bowl running back Marshawn Lynch was the team's leading rusher with 1,257 yards and 12 touchdowns. He was also a reliable receiver, hauling in 36 passes for 316 yards and two more scores. The Seahawks' offensive line was led by Pro Bowl center Max Unger. Kicker Steven Hauschka ranked fourth in the NFL in scoring (143 points) and second in field goal percentage (.943, 33/35). Seattle had the NFL's top defense, with the fewest yards allowed per game (273.6), fewest points allowed (231) and most takeaways (39). They were the first team since the 1985 Chicago Bears to lead the league in all three categories. The Seahawks were also the fourth team to lead the NFL in interceptions and fewest passing yards allowed; all four teams reached the Super Bowl. Seattle's defensive line featured defensive ends Cliff Avril and Michael Bennett, both of whom recorded eight sacks. Avril also forced five fumbles, while Bennett recovered three, returning them for 39 yards and a touchdown. Defensive tackle Clinton McDonald also made a big impact with 5.5 sacks, two fumble recoveries and an interception. Linebacker Bobby Wagner led the team in combined tackles (120), while also racking up five sacks and two interceptions. But the best aspect of the defense was their secondary – collectively known as the Legion of Boom – which sent three of their four starters to the Pro Bowl: cornerback Richard Sherman, who led the NFL in interceptions (eight, with 125 return yards), along with free safety Earl Thomas (five interceptions, 105 tackles, two forced fumbles) and strong safety Kam Chancellor (99 tackles, three interceptions, 78 return yards). Denver Broncos Denver finished the season 13–3 for the second straight year, winning the AFC West division and home-field advantage throughout the playoffs. The Broncos had the best offense in the NFL, leading the league in points scored (606, the highest total in NFL history) and yards gained (7,313). The offense was so explosive that they scored points on their opening possession at least eight straight games leading into the playoffs and a ninth time against the San Diego Chargers during the Divisional Playoffs game. During the AFC Championship Game against the New England Patriots, they broke that streak, only to score on the opening possession of the second half. In only five out of 18 games (including playoffs) did they score fewer than 30 points, the fewest being 20 points. In command of the offense was 16-year veteran quarterback Peyton Manning. Now in his second year as the team's starter, Manning posted one of the best seasons of any quarterback in NFL history (and the best season of his entire career), leading the league in completions, attempts, yards and touchdown passes. His 5,477 passing yards and 55 touchdown completions both set new NFL records. His total of 450 completions was the second-highest in NFL history, and his 115.1 passer rating ranked second in the league that season. Denver's leading pass-catcher was Pro Bowl receiver Demaryius Thomas, who caught 92 passes for 1,430 yards and 14 touchdowns, but Manning had plenty of other reliable options, including Eric Decker (97 receptions, 1,288 yards, 11 touchdowns), Wes Welker (73 receptions, 778 yards, 10 touchdowns) and Pro Bowl tight end Julius Thomas (65 receptions, 788 yards, 12 touchdowns). Overall, they made Denver the first team in NFL history ever to have four players with at least 10 touchdown receptions in a season. Running back Knowshon Moreno was the team's leading rusher with 1,038 yards and 10 touchdowns, while also catching 60 passes for 548 yards and another three scores. Rookie running back Montee Ball was also a big contributor with 554 rushing yards, four touchdowns and 20 receptions. The team's offensive line featured Pro Bowl guard Louis Vasquez. On special teams, Pro Bowl kicker Matt Prater ranked second in the NFL in scoring (150 points) and first in field goal percentage (.962, 25/26). His only miss of the year was from 52 yards and his successful attempt from 64 yards against Tennessee in Week 14 broke an NFL record that had stood for 44 years. Defensive end Shaun Phillips anchored the Broncos' line with 10 sacks, while linebacker Danny Trevathan racked up 129 combined tackles, three forced fumbles and three interceptions. Defensive end Malik Jackson was also a key component of the defense with 42 tackles and six sacks, helping compensate for the loss of Von Miller, who had five sacks in nine games before suffering a season-ending injury. Cornerbacks Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie and Chris Harris Jr. led the secondary with three interceptions each. Playoffs Both the Seahawks and Broncos entered the postseason as the number one seed in their respective conferences, which meant they received byes through the first round of the playoffs. The Seahawks' first playoff game was in the NFC divisional round, a rematch of Monday Night Football from Week 13, playing the New Orleans Saints at home. The Seahawks had a 16-point lead at halftime, but although the Saints were able to halve the deficit in the fourth quarter, they could not close the gap further before a botched play in the final seconds ended the game, with the Seahawks winning 23–15. The Seahawks then played in the NFC Championship Game at home against the rival San Francisco 49ers; the two teams had each won once against the other during the regular season. Despite entering halftime with a seven-point deficit, the Seahawks took the lead in the fourth quarter thanks largely to Colin Kaepernick losing one fumble and throwing two interceptions. The second interception came in the final seconds of the game when Richard Sherman batted the ball into the arms of Malcolm Smith to seal the 23–17 win and send the Seahawks to their second Super Bowl in franchise history. The Broncos faced the San Diego Chargers in the AFC divisional round. Although their record-breaking offense was held to an unusually low 24 points, the Broncos still emerged victorious, 24–17, having shut out the Chargers until the fourth quarter. The AFC Championship Game once again pitted Peyton Manning and his Broncos against Tom Brady and the New England Patriots, the 15th matchup between the two veteran quarterbacks. The Broncos won 26–16 on the back of a 400-yard passing performance by Manning, which included two touchdown drives that lasted over seven minutes each, earning the Broncos their first Super Bowl berth since 1998. Pre-game notes As the Broncos were the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams, they elected to wear their home uniform (orange jerseys with white pants) while the Seahawks wore a mixed uniform (white jerseys with navy blue pants, representing away and home, respectively). With the loss, the Broncos fell to 0–4 (outscored 167–38) in Super Bowls in which they wore orange jerseys, while with the Seahawks' win, the team wearing white had then won nine of the previous ten Super Bowls. Team facilities The Hyatt Regency in Jersey City served as the home for the Broncos during their stay. The team took up 150 of the 351 rooms until the night of January 29 before taking up the entire hotel. The team hosted the press conferences during the week on a cruise ship docked at the pier of the hotel. Meanwhile, the Seahawks took up 120 to 150 of 429-room Westin Hotel, also in Jersey City. The team retrofitted some rooms into training and massage rooms and occupied the pool. The City of Jersey City renamed its main boulevard, Columbus Drive, to Super Bowl Drive to welcome the teams. The Broncos utilized the New York Jets headquarters, Atlantic Health Jets Training Center in Florham Park, while the Seahawks utilized the New York Giants headquarters, Quest Diagnostics Training Center adjacent to MetLife Stadium. Super Bowl week Since New York and New Jersey co-hosted the Super Bowl, pregame events took place in both states. The "Super Bowl Kickoff Spectacular" concert was held on January 27 at Liberty State Park in Jersey City, headlined by Daughtry and featuring a fireworks show. Media Day took place on January 28 at the Prudential Center in Newark. The NFL replaced its indoor NFL Experience fan attraction with an outdoor festival known as Super Bowl Boulevard, which was held along Broadway and Times Square in Manhattan from January 29 to February 1. The event featured various fan-oriented events and attractions, including an artificial toboggan hill. As the area was expected to see around 400,000 people, security was increased in the area. NFL On Location and an NFL Tailgate Party was held at the Meadowlands Sports Complex prior to the game. Broadcasting Television United States Super Bowl XLVIII was televised by Fox in the United States, with Joe Buck calling play-by-play, Troy Aikman as color analyst, and Pam Oliver and Erin Andrews as sideline reporters. Fox planned to use multiple 4K resolution cameras to provide the ability to zoom closer into certain camera angles, and due to the expected possibility of cold weather, graphics developed by Autodesk would display simulations of wind patterns inside the stadium. Fox constructed an enclosed studio in Times Square for use as part of studio programming on Fox and Fox Sports 1 during the week of the game. The broadcast attracted 111.5 million viewers, becoming the most-watched event in U.S. television history and surpassing the previous record of 111.3 million viewers who watched Super Bowl XLVI in 2012. Episodes of New Girl and Brooklyn Nine-Nine were the lead-out programs. For the first time in Super Bowl history, a dedicated Spanish language telecast of the game was broadcast in the United States. The broadcast was carried by sister cable network Fox Deportes as part of a larger package of marquee games simulcast by Fox, and featured commentary and surrounding coverage in that language. As with all NFL games, the Spanish play-by-play was also carried via Fox's SAP feed. John Laguna was the play-by-play announcer and Brady Poppinga was the color analyst. With 561,000 viewers, the Fox Deportes broadcast was the highest-rated U.S. Spanish-language cable telecast outside of soccer. Advertising Fox set the sales rate for a 30-second advertisement at US$4 million, matching the price set by CBS for Super Bowl XLVII. Fox began selling advertising for the game in May 2013 and announced it had sold out on December 4.USA Todays Super Bowl Ad Meter named Budweiser's ad "Puppy Love" as the best of the game. Meanwhile, a Coca-Cola spot with people of diverse cultures singing "America the Beautiful" in various languages ignited controversy, with political commentators such as Glenn Beck, Todd Starnes and Allen West condemning the ad for discouraging assimilation, while others considered it a tribute to the idea of the United States as a multicultural society. Paramount Pictures, Sony Pictures, Lionsgate, Warner Bros., Universal Studios and Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers to be aired during the Super Bowl. Following Monsters vs. Aliens' footsteps, Paramount paid for the debut trailers for Transformers: Age of Extinction and Noah, Sony paid for The Amazing Spider-Man 2, RoboCop, The Monuments Men, and Pompeii, Lionsgate paid for Draft Day, Warner Bros. paid for The Lego Movie, Universal paid for Neighbors, and Disney paid for Captain America: The Winter Soldier, Need for Speed, and Muppets Most Wanted. International NFL Network produced an international television feed of the game, with alternate English-language commentary provided by Bob Papa (play-by-play) and Charles Davis (color analyst). Streaming For the third consecutive year, a webcast was provided for viewers. Fox streamed its coverage of the game online on PCs and tablets through its new TV Everywhere service Fox Sports Go. Although normally requiring a television subscription to use, Fox made the service available as a free preview for the Super Bowl. Due to contractual restrictions imposed by the NFL's exclusive digital and mobile content deals with Microsoft and Verizon Communications, Fox was unable to offer any additional camera angles or offer streaming on smartphones. Mobile streaming of the game was exclusive to the Verizon Wireless NFL Mobile service. Social media The social network Twitter estimated that Super Bowl XLVIII generated 24.9 million posts ("tweets") on the service (surpassing last year's total of 24.1), peaking at 381,605 tweets per-minute following Percy Harvin's kickoff return at the start of the second half (surpassing the 231,500 per-minute peak the previous year during the blackout). 57% of the ads broadcast during the game promoted an associated hashtag, up from 50% in 2013. Radio National coverage The game was nationally broadcast on Westwood One radio, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esiason as color analyst, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters. Jim Gray hosted the network's pregame, halftime and post-game coverage. Scott Graham, who hosted additional pregame coverage for Westwood One, also served as MetLife Stadium's public address system announcer for the game. Local market coverage The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team carried their local play-by-play calls. In Seattle, KIRO-FM (97.3) and KIRO (710 AM) carried the "Seahawks Bing Radio Network" call with Steve Raible on play-by-play and Warren Moon with color commentary, while in Denver, the Broncos play-by-play from the "Denver Broncos Radio Network" aired on KOA (850 AM) and KRFX (103.5) with the play-by-play of Dave Logan and the color commentary of Ed McCaffrey. The Spanish-language partner of the Broncos, KJMN (92.1)/KMXA (1090) carried the game in that language for the Denver market. Sirius XM Radio carried the Westwood One and local team feeds over satellite radio, along with the call in eight other languages. Outside of those stations, all the other stations in the Seahawks and Broncos radio networks carried the Westwood One call per NFL rules. KOA and KIRO are both clear-channel stations, which allowed listeners throughout most of the western US to hear the portion of the contest which continued past sunset local time. International radio coverage Westwood One's coverage was simulcast on TSN Radio in Canada. In the United Kingdom, Absolute Radio 90s carried the game for the first time, taking over rights from the BBC, who carried the contest for several years prior. The in-house Absolute Radio broadcast featured Darren Fletcher on color commentary (the same capacity in which he served with the BBC), Rocky Boiman with additional contributions and Will Gavin on play-by-play. Entertainment Pregame The pregame show began with the Rutgers Scarlet Knights Marching Band and Syracuse University Marching Band. Queen Latifah, joined by the New Jersey Youth Chorus, sang "America the Beautiful". "The Star-Spangled Banner" was then sung by Renée Fleming accompanied by the Armed Forces Chorus, the first (and, so far, only) opera singer ever to do so at a Super Bowl. A V-shaped formation of three United States Army Black Hawks, three Apache attack helicopters and three Chinook heavy-lifters did a military flyover timed with the last note of the song. Halftime show On September 8, 2013, the league announced that Bruno Mars would perform at halftime. On January 10, 2014, it was announced that Red Hot Chili Peppers would be joining Mars as halftime show performers. The show opened with a children's choir singing a chorus from "Billionaire". Afterward, Mars appeared, playing a drum solo. Mars then performed the songs "Locked Out of Heaven", "Treasure", "Runaway Baby", "Give It Away" (with Red Hot Chili Peppers) and "Just the Way You Are" as a tribute to the United States Armed Forces. The halftime performance was the most watched in the history of the Super Bowl drawing in a record 115.3 million viewers, passing the record 114 million who watched Madonna perform two years earlier. It was later revealed that the music was pre-recorded. Red Hot Chili Pepper's drummer, Chad Smith responded on Twitter by saying "FYI... Every band in the last 10 years at the Super Bowl has performed to a previously recorded track. It's the NFL's policy." Planners initially indicated there would not be a halftime show at all due to the possibility of poor weather conditions. One such logistical problem would be assembling and disassembling the halftime show stage during a blizzard. But the league went ahead after all. According to Mike Florio of Profootballtalk.com, the NFL wanted to avoid a repeat of Super Bowl XXVI when Fox counter-programmed a special live episode of In Living Color''. Fox had not yet become a television partner with the NFL and saw an opportunity to pull young audiences away from a halftime show that lacked big-name performers. As a result of Fox's ratings success, the league tapped Michael Jackson to perform during the following season's Super Bowl XXVII, and since then the league has continued to book big-name talent to hold the television audience. Touchdown Entertainment, the company that produced the event, incorporated the live audience into the show and transformed the crowd into "the largest ever LED screen". During the show, spectators put on a black knitted hat called a "video ski hat" with 3 embedded LEDs that lit up on command. The hats transformed the audience into an enormous human video screen made up of over 80,000 pixels. Images including the Pepsi logo flashed across the crowd, as well as video of the live Red Hot Chili Peppers performance and fireworks display. Thanks to this technology, each spectator was integrated to the show and the Super Bowl Halftime claimed to feature the largest-ever human video screen. In an original idea by Nuno Lopes, the company that invented and provided the crowd activation technology is the Montreal-based company PixMob. Game summary The game kicked off at 6:32 p.m. EST (UTC−05:00). First half On Denver's first play after receiving the opening kickoff, center Manny Ramirez snapped the ball while quarterback Peyton Manning was shifting forward (from shotgun formation) in the process of calling an audible, resulting in the ball going past Manning into the end zone. Running back Knowshon Moreno recovered the ball to prevent a Seahawks touchdown, but he was downed for a safety to give the Seahawks a 2–0 lead. Seattle's score just 12 seconds into the game was the quickest to start a game in Super Bowl history, surpassing the kickoff return by Devin Hester to start Super Bowl XLI seven years earlier. Following the free kick, receiver Percy Harvin gained 30 yards on an end around run to set up Stephen Hauschka's 31-yard field goal, making the score 5–0. Denver was forced to a three-and-out on their next drive, and after the Denver punt, Russell Wilson completed a 37-yard pass to Doug Baldwin, leading to another Hauschka field goal, this one from 33 yards, that increased the lead to 8–0. On the third play of Denver's ensuing possession, Manning was intercepted by Kam Chancellor, giving Seattle a first down on the Denver 37. Aided by a 15-yard run from Harvin on the first play, Seattle quickly got the ball into the red zone. The Broncos defense eventually managed to force an incomplete pass on third down, but defensive back Tony Carter was flagged for pass interference in the end zone, giving Seattle a first down at the one-yard line. One play later, running back Marshawn Lynch crashed into the end zone, hitting the line so effectively that he ended the play on his feet, scoring a 1-yard touchdown run that made the score 15–0 three minutes into the second quarter. At this point, the Broncos offense finally managed to get moving, picking up a first down for the first time in the game at 10:37 and moving the ball to the Seattle 35-yard line. But on third-and-13, Manning was hit by Seahawks defensive end Cliff Avril as he tried to throw a pass to Moreno, causing a high short floater that was intercepted by linebacker Malcolm Smith and returned 69 yards for a touchdown. After Seattle's kickoff, Denver mounted a drive to the Seahawks' 19-yard line, aided by Demaryius Thomas's 19-yard reception on third-and-5. With just over a minute left in the half, Denver faced fourth-and-2. Rather than kick a field goal, they tried to pick up a first down, but Manning's pass was incomplete and the score remained 22–0 at the end of the half. The 22-point deficit was the largest faced by the Broncos all season. It was also the third-largest halftime deficit in Super Bowl history; the previous two were also against the Broncos – the Redskins led the Broncos 35–10 in Super Bowl XXII and the 49ers led the Broncos 27–3 in Super Bowl XXIV. Seattle's 22-0 shutout lead at the half also broke the previous record of 20-0 set by the 49ers in the Super Bowl XVI. Second half In order to avoid a big kickoff return, Matt Prater kicked the second half kickoff short, hitting the ground at the Seattle 12-yard line. But it did not stop Harvin from picking the ball out of the air and taking off for an 87-yard touchdown return that increased Seattle's lead to 29–0. The touchdown took place 12 seconds into the second half, exactly the same amount of time that the Seahawks took to score the safety in the first half. It was also the first time that consecutive Super Bowls had kickoff returns for touchdowns (Jacoby Jones' return in Super Bowl XLVII being the previous one, which was also the second half opening kickoff). After an exchange of punts, Eric Decker gave Denver good field position with a 9-yard return to the Denver 45. Two plays later, Manning completed a 23-yard pass to Demaryius Thomas, but cornerback Byron Maxwell knocked the ball out of his hands and Malcolm Smith recovered it, returning the ball seven yards. An unnecessary roughness penalty against Denver added 15 more yards onto the end of the play, giving Seattle the ball at the Denver 42-yard line. Two plays later, Russell Wilson hit tight end Luke Willson for a 12-yard completion on third-and-7 and later completed a 19-yard pass to Ricardo Lockette. On the next play, he threw a short pass to Jermaine Kearse, who broke four tackles as he took off for a 23-yard touchdown reception bringing the score to 36–0. Denver finally managed to respond on their next drive, advancing the ball 80 yards as Manning completed six consecutive passes, including a 22-yard completion to Wes Welker, and finished the drive with a 14-yard touchdown toss to Demaryius Thomas on the last play of the third quarter. Welker then caught another pass for a successful two-point conversion, cutting the score to 36–8. However, any momentum Denver might have gained was quickly snuffed out as Seattle tight end Zach Miller recovered Prater's onside kick attempt on his own 48-yard line. He also caught a 10-yard reception as the Seahawks subsequently drove 52 yards, featuring a 24-yard reception by Kearse, and scored on a 10-yard touchdown pass from Wilson to Baldwin that increased their lead to 43–8. There were more than 11 minutes left in the game, but this turned out to be the final score, as Denver's last three drives resulted in a turnover on downs, a Manning fumble that was forced and recovered by Seattle defensive end Chris Clemons (the only sack of the game for either team), and time expiring in the game. Game statistics and notes Wilson finished the game 18/25 for 206 yards and two touchdowns. Baldwin was his top receiver with five catches for 66 yards and a score, while Kearse added four catches for 65 and a touchdown. In addition to his 87-yard kickoff return touchdown, Harvin was Seattle's leading rusher with 45 yards, even though he only carried the ball twice. Chancellor had nine tackles and an interception. Manning completed 34/49 passes for 280 yards and a touchdown, with two interceptions. His top target was Demaryius Thomas, who caught 13 passes (a Super Bowl record) for 118 yards and a touchdown. Welker added eight receptions for 84 yards. Linebacker Danny Trevathan had 12 tackles. Moreno was Denver's leading rusher, but with just 17 yards. Overall, Denver's record setting offense gained only 306 yards, with just 27 yards on the ground. Seahawks' linebacker Malcolm Smith received the Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award. Denver fell to 2–5 in Super Bowls, while five-time league MVP Manning dropped to 11–12 in the playoffs and 1–2 in the Super Bowl. Including Denver's loss, none of the eight highest-scoring teams in league history won a Super Bowl in the same season and all four teams who entered the championship with the league's leading passer lost the game. Manning's 34 completions and Demaryius Thomas' 13 receptions were both Super Bowl records. With touchdowns scored on offense, defense and special teams, the Seahawks became the first team since the Ravens in Super Bowl XXXV to do so. Teams with an interception return for a touchdown also stayed perfect, improving to 12–0 in Super Bowls. As a result of scoring their safety 12 seconds into the game and subsequently never relinquishing the lead for the rest of the game, the Seahawks set a Super Bowl record for holding a lead continuously for the longest time (59:48). Denver became only the second team in the past 30 years to score fewer than 10 points during the course of the game. This was the first time that any NFL game ended with a 43–8 final score, a phenomenon known as scorigami. It is one of three Super Bowls, alongside XXI and XXIV, coincidentally involving the Broncos, where such a phenomenon has occurred. Following on from his two national championships at USC, Seahawks coach Pete Carroll became just the third coach to win both an NCAA Division 1-A/FBS national championship and a Super Bowl after Jimmy Johnson (Miami and Dallas) and Barry Switzer (Oklahoma and Dallas). Box score Final statistics Sources: NFL.com Super Bowl XLVIII, The Football Database Super Bowl XLVIII Statistical comparison Individual statistics 1Completions/attempts 2Carries 3Long gain 4Receptions 5Times targeted Starting lineups Mass Transit Super Bowl Organizers dubbed Super Bowl XLVIII the "Mass Transit Super Bowl", emphasizing and encouraging game attendees and other visitors to use public transportation to get to the game and other festivities throughout the region. The host committee in conjunction with other metropolitan transit agencies, such as NJ Transit, the lead agency, and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and Metropolitan Transportation Authority developed special services, fares, schedules and maps to promote the use of metro area's trains, subways, light rail and buses during Super Bowl Week. The plan was a failure that lead to universal criticism by fans and writers who attended the game due to poor execution and overcrowding. , the diagram is still updated online. Security and safety The Super Bowl was considered a level one national security event. To that end, the New Jersey State Police and the NFL host committee installed a chain-link perimeter fence around the Meadowlands Sports Complex, which is located at the intersection of a number of highways. Security planners stated that access to the area would be strictly limited and regulated. To that end, parking spaces were greatly reduced, tailgate parties restricted and walking to the venue strictly prohibited. Taxis and limousines were not permitted to drop off passengers. Passengers for trains to the stadium were limited in what they could carry and were screened before boarding. The area was patrolled on land, by air and by water since it is surrounded by wetlands. More than 3,000 security guards and 700 police officers were on duty on game day. In addition, SWAT teams and snipers were located throughout the stadium. The security effort was overseen by a joint operations center a few miles away from MetLife Stadium, which was staffed by hundreds of people from 35 different agencies ranging from the CIA to the New Jersey Transit Police. In February 2013, controversy arose as mayors of five local municipalities said they would not provide emergency services, stating they have been poorly compensated for past stadium events. One of the mayors, William J. Roseman of Carlstadt, New Jersey, stated: "The teams don't care about budget caps and what the impacts are on the taxpayers of Carlstadt. I had to cut back my police department budget by a total of a million dollars over the last several years. While we are forced to lay off police officers, the owners of the Jets and Giants are filling their pockets at taxpayers' expense." During the postgame news conference with Super Bowl MVP Malcolm Smith, a man jumped onto the podium, grabbed the microphone and said "Investigate 9/11. 9/11 was perpetrated by people within our own government." Smith did not react hastily but was rather confused and continued on with answering questions from the media. The man quickly walked away but security closed in and he was arrested for trespassing. Officials Super Bowl XLVIII had seven officials. The numbers in parentheses below indicate their uniform numbers. Referee – Terry McAulay (77) Umpire – Carl Paganelli (124) Head Linesman – Jim Mello (48) Line Judge – Tom Symonette (100) Field Judge – Scott Steenson (88) Side Judge – Dave Wyant (16) Back Judge – Steve Freeman (133) Replay Official – Earnie Frantz Replay Assistant - Brian Matoren Alternate Referee - Clete Blakeman (34) Alternate Umpire - Paul King (121) Alternate Wing - Greg Bradley (98) Alternate Deep - James Coleman (95) Alternate Back Judge - Terrence Miles (111) See also Broncos–Seahawks rivalry List of Super Bowl champions Sports in New York City Sports in Newark, New Jersey References External links Super Bowl 2013 National Football League season 2014 in American football 2014 in American television 2014 in sports in New Jersey American football in New Jersey Denver Broncos postseason Seattle Seahawks postseason Events in East Rutherford, New Jersey Sports competitions in East Rutherford, New Jersey February 2014 sports events in the United States 21st century in East Rutherford, New Jersey Meadowlands Sports Complex	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super%20Bowl%20XLVIII
Flattbush is a heavy metal band from Bellflower, California, a small city within South Central Los Angeles county. The group was established in early 1993 by Enrico Maniago (vocals), Brian Legaspi (lead guitar), Eric Long (rhythm guitar), Arman Maniago (bass guitar), and Anthony Gonzales (drums). Brian Legaspi exited the group in 1994, the band then became a quartet. Flattbush performed numerous high school and college concerts before entering into the Southern California and Orange County, California bar and club circuit. In 1998, Flattbush made a name for themselves by opening for Melt Banana of Japan. In 1999, Drummer Anthony Gonzales resigned and was replaced by Ramon Banda. Founding member of Faith No More, Billy Gould, signed the band onto his label, Koolarrow Records, in 2001. Flattbush opened a show for Napalm Death of Birmingham, England in 2002. In 2002, guitarist Eric Long resigned and was then replaced by guitarist Bradley Walther. Flattbush recorded their Koolarrow Records debut, Smash The Octopus, produced by Bill Gould that same year and released in 2003. Following Flattbushs' first tour of the United States in 2003, Ramon Banda resigned and was replaced by drummer Joe Luevano before their second headlining tour of the United States in 2004 and again in 2005. Flattbush maintains a legacy for being one of the most underground and wildest acts in Grindcore. Smash the Octopus Smash the Octopus was Flattbush's debut release for Koolarrow Records, consisting of 13 tracks recorded and mixed in April 2003 in San Francisco by Billy Gould (Faith No More) and engineered by Mark Pistel (Meat Beat Manifesto, Consolidated, Spearhead). Seize the Time Flattbush's second album Seize the Time was released on September 9, 2006, produced once again by Billy Gould. The band plans to tour the U.S. and abroad. Politics Flattbush's lyrical content had mainly focused on Anti-imperialism, exploring politics and current events since 1996. In addition, Flattbush has openly espoused Marxism and leftist ideals, and glorifying the People's Movement in their website, lyrics, liner notes, and imagery since 2001. Discography Bowel's Why We're Here (1994) Bored Again/Born Again (1994) Disco Death (1995) Expose/Oppose (1997) Smash the Octopus (2000) Kontra 'Tado (2001) Smash the Octopus (2003) Koolarrow Records Seize the Time (2006) Koolarrow Records Otomatik Attak! (2010) Koolarrow Records Strategic Offensive (2018) Self-released External links Flattbush interview at DeafSparrow.com Heavy metal musical groups from California Musical groups established in 1993 1993 establishments in California	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flattbush
The Canadian ambassador to the United Arab Emirates is an official diplomatic post held by a senior Canadian civil servant. List of Canadian ambassadors to the United Arab Emirates See also Canada–United Arab Emirates relations Embassy of Canada, Abu Dhabi Notes United Arab Emirates Canada	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ambassadors%20of%20Canada%20to%20the%20United%20Arab%20Emirates
Shakedown! is the debut studio album by American rock band theSTART. It was released on July 24, 2001, through The Label Records, a short-lived record label owned by The Firm, with distribution from Geffen Records. Vocalist Aimee Echo and keyboardist/bassist Jamie Miller formed theSTART, originally known as Hero, in August 1998, and recruited drummer Scott Ellis and guitarist Mike Smith soon afterwards. After coming to the attention of producer Josh Abraham, the band signed to Abraham's imprint label, JAB Recordings, on 143 and Atlantic Records in July 1999. Originally known as Circles, Shakedown! was first recorded from September to December 1999,with additional recording taking place between December 2000 and January 2001. Original due to be released in the summer of 2000, Shakedown! release was delayed by the band switching labels in August 2000 and Smith's exit from the band in October 2000, after which Miller would move from bass to guitar and Jeff Jaeger would be recruited in his place; most of Smith's contributions on the album were re-recorded by Miller. Upon release, Shakedown! received generally positive reviews from critics, who complimented its futuristic sound and songwriting. The album's sole single, "Gorgeous", was a minor hit and received rotation on MTV2. However, the album was ultimately a commercial failure, and theSTART parted ways with The Label and Geffen five months after its release. Music, writing and recording In August 1998, Aimee Echo of Human Waste Project and Jamie Miller of Snot decided to form a new band called Hero. Echo and Miller had both become disenchanted with the increasingly aggressive nu metal scene that both of their respective bands were based in, and Echo had quit Human Waste Project in July of that year due to creative differences with the other members of the group. The duo subsequently sought to develop a sound that was less heavy and more reflective of their musical tastes and influences, drawing from 1970s and 1980s punk rock and new wave music. The band's sound was also described as power pop and synth-pop. Human Waste Project drummer Scott Ellis and guitarist Mike Smith, a friend of Miller, joined Hero not long after its formation; the band's first rehearsal took place on August 23, 1998, and the band played their first ever show on September 9, 1998. Hero's live performances were well received, and the band caught the attention of producer Josh Abraham. Abraham became an early supporter of the Hero's music, and subsequently signed the band to JAB Records, an imprint label he had recently established on 143 Records, which in turn was a Warner Music Group label distributed by Atlantic Records. The band signed their record deal with 143/Atlantic/JAB on July 29, 1999, and thereafter headed to Abraham's rehearsal space in Los Angeles to begin work on their debut album. Recording sessions for Hero's debut, then known as Circles, commenced in September 1999, and wrapped up by the end of the year. Brian Virtue engineered the album's recording sessions, whilst Dave Ogilive handled the album's mixing duties. Midway through the album's production, Hero changed their name to theSTART after learning that the name "Hero" was already taken by a number of bands, although this did not affect any of their pre-existing recording plans. Shakedown! consists of a mix of polished, keyboard-driven material, and more immediate, punchier songs such as "Nemesis" and the album's title track. Miller was responsible for composing the album's music, which was worked on in and out of the studio, whilst Aimee handled the album's lyrics and melodies. Echo's lyrics, which were described as secretive, emotive and sometimes very personal, cover a variety of themes, such as love, loss of love and other people. The album's title track features "veiled sociopolitcal commentary", and "Communion" is "disguised as a love song, [...] but it's really about alien abduction." As Echo or Miller had no expectations of what the band's output should look like, the album's writing process proved to be swift. The album features Troy Van Leeuwen playing guitar on the album's final track, "Time", as well as a recording of Echo and Miller's dog, Eno, howling at a movie scene involving actor Will Ferrell in A Night at the Roxbury (1998) included as a hidden track. Following its completion, Circles was given a tentative release date of the summer of 2000. However, when 143 Records were unable to get Atlantic to distribute theSTART, JAB Records closed down and the album was shelved. Not long after, The Firm, Inc. offered to buy out theSTART's record contract from 143/Atlantic and make the band the first act on their new record label, The Label Records, which had a pressing-and-distribution (P&D) deal with Geffen Records. The band moved to The Label in August 2000, and Circles' release date was pushed back to January 2001, so The Label had enough time to properly promote the album. In October 2000, Mike Smith amicably left theSTART to pursue other musical interests. As a result, Miller moved into Smith's position as the band's guitarist, and Jeff Jaeger was hired as the band's new bassist. In December 2000, theSTART recorded two new songs at Sunset Sound Recorders in Los Angeles, "Shakedown!" and "Her Song". Miller and Jaeger re-cut most of the album's guitar and bass tracks, respectively, although Smith's original guitar tracks appear on some of the album's songs. Among other changes, most of Ogilive's mixes were replaced by new ones done by Brian Virtue. Tom Lord-Alge was also brought in to mix the songs "Shakedown!" and "Gorgeous", which The Label considered the album's "focus tracks". Three songs that were intended to appear on Circles, "Be Mine", "Make It Through" and "The Sin Original" (featuring Jay Gordon of Orgy), were cut from the album. Release and promotion On February 3, 2001, theSTART announced that Circles had been renamed Shakedown!. On March 2, the album's track listing was revealed. The album was scheduled to be released on June 5, 2001, although in late May it was pushed back to July 24, 2001. A UK release of the album was planned for late 2001 through Geffen, but never occurred. The band performed as an opening act for Strung Out in the UK on November 6, 2002 to see if Geffen would be willing to release the album; response to the band's show was underwhelming, with Drowned in Sound's Mat Hocking commenting that the band was performing to "the wrong audience". The album's only single, "Gorgeous", was serviced to radio stations on May 12, 2001, and became a minor radio hit for the band. The song's music video, directed by Doug Freidman, features the band performing in front of an audience at the Whiskey a Go-Go in Los Angeles on June 12, 2001. theSTART notified fans of the video's shooting location eight days prior, and a number of the band's fans organized themselves via the band's forums to come to the video shoot dressed in white shirt and black tie. Echo was nearly struck by a lighting fixture during the recording of one of the video's takes, but was not hurt. The video was added to rotation on MTV2 in August 2001. theSTART toured across the United States (with a few dates in Canada) for four months in support of Shakedown!. The band was initially going to perform on the Vans Warped Tour, though this was cancelled when the band was presented with an offer to tour with Sugar Ray from July 10 to August 18, 2001. Afterwards, theSTART toured as an opening act with Cold for Weezer from September 14 to September 29, 2001. From October 10 to 21, 2001, theSTART toured as an opening act for Incubus, before embarking on a mini-tour of the East Coast of the United States from October 22 and November 1, 2001, which included a performance at CBGB in New York City on October 27, 2001. Afterwards, the band reconvened with Incubus and toured with them again from November 2 to November 9, 2001. Although theSTART were well received by critics and audiences, Shakedown! was a commercial failure upon its release, and Aimee Echo later remarked that the album had been "destroyed". Echo attributed the album's lack of success to The Label's marketing and promotion of Shakedown!; she remarked that The Label, which only had four people working on the label during its existence, was understaffed and the company had very few connections to its distributor, Geffen. Notably, The Label prevented theSTART from touring in support of Shakedown! until two weeks before the album's release, a decision which she felt hurt its sales. Other factors contributing to the album's low sales was the band's decision to tour with artists whose audiences may not have been receptive to the band's music, and the fact that Shakedown! was released at a time when the nu metal and rap metal genres were at their peak popularity, causing it to get lost in "a manure field of [...] date-rape rock". After the band's tour with Incubus ended, theSTART were notified that The Label Records was closing down. Aimee Echo said that The Firm, Inc. had "branched itself out in a lot of different directions financially and they didn't feel [like] they wanted to put any more money into the record label", resulting in its closure. The band publicly parted ways with The Label/Geffen in January 2002. At the time of the band's departure from the label, Shakedown! had sold 9,300 copies in the United States, according to Nielsen SoundScan. Critical reception Shakedown! received generally positive reviews from critics. Mat Hocking of Drowned in Sound awarded the album a perfect 10 rating, hailing it as "a blueprint for a groundbreaking new revolution in rock music." AllMusic's Bret Love said that, outside of a weak mid-section and some issues with "retro kitsch", the album "provides many moments of flashback fun." Julia Watts and Michelle Woodgeard of The Lantern considered Shakedown! to be an "impressive debut album" featuring a "uniquely harsh, yet catchy-pop music quality that could rocket it to stardom." Conversely, The Battalion's Micah Grau awarded the album two stars out of five, criticizing the album's "lack of catchy lyrics, over synthesized sounds, and similar songs". In February 2002, Shakedown! was ranked seventh on Alternative Press' Critic's Poll for the Top 10 albums of 2001. Track listing All lyrics are written by Aimee Echo; all music is composed by Jamie Miller. Personnel Personnel per liner notes.theSTART Aimee Echo – vocals Jamie Miller – guitars, synthesizers, backing vocals, additional bass Scott Ellis – drums Jeff Jaeger – bass, backing vocals Additional personnel Mike Smith – additional guitars Cailin McCarthy – backing vocals Timothy Teasely – backing vocals Michelle Payne – backing vocals Nicole Payne – backing vocals Troy Van Leeuwen – guitars Eno – howling Production Josh Abraham – producer Brian Virtue – mixing , engineering Dave Ogilive – mixing Tom Lord-Alge – mixing Tom Baker – mastering (at Precision Mastering) Monique Mirahzi – assistant engineer Josh Turner – assistant engineer Ryan – assistant engineer Jeff Left – assistant engineer Derek Carlson – assistant engineer Pete Magdalena – assistant engineer Chris Reynolds – assistant engineer Art and design Les Scurry – production coordination Doug Erb – art direction Greg Allen – photography Joseph Cultice – photography Tina Phelan – makeup Release history References Citations Sources 2001 debut albums Geffen Records albums Albums produced by Josh Abraham Albums recorded at Sunset Sound Recorders	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakedown%21%20%28theStart%20album%29
Rebecca "Becky" Kellar (born January 1, 1975) is a women's ice hockey player. She played for Burlington Barracudas in the Canadian Women's Hockey League. Kellar played defence for the Canadian women's team at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. She also participated in the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano as well as the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. She was named to the Canadian team for the 2010 Winter Olympics and was one of four Canadian women to participate in all four Olympic tournaments along with Hayley Wickenheiser, Jennifer Botterill and Jayna Hefford. Kellar was the oldest player in the 2010 gold medal game. She was the first player on the Canadian national women's hockey team to have children. Playing career Kellar was born in Hagersville, Ontario, and played ringette as a child, before switching over to hockey. She competed for Team Ontario at the National Under 18 Championships in 1993. She led Team Ontario to the Gold Medal and was selected as the Most Valuable Player. Kellar played with the Beatrice Aeros in 1998 and participated in the championship game of the Esso Nationals, netting an assist. She played for the Brown Bears women's ice hockey program at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island from 1993–1997 and has an MBA from Wilfrid Laurier University. While at Brown, she played second base on the softball team. She was a First Team All-Ivy League selection at softball in 1995 and 1997. She was inducted into the Brown Athletics Hall of Fame in April 2005. She later played for the Burlington Barracudas of the Canadian Women's Hockey League. In the 2007–08 and 2008–09 seasons, she was voted the CWHL Top Defender and a CWHL Central All-Star. On September 14, 2010, Hockey Canada announced that Kellar, along with three other players retired from international hockey. Kellar is married and lives in Burlington, Ontario. She welcomed her first son, Owen, on October 22, 2004, and her second son, Zachary, on January 25, 2007. Career stats Hockey Canada Awards and honours CWHL Top Defender, 2007–08 and 2008–09 CWHL First All-Star Team, 2008–09 CWHL Central All-Stars, 2007–08 1996 ECAC All-Tournament team 1996 ECAC Honor Roll References Collins gem Hockey Facts and Stats 2009-10, p. 19, Andrew Podnieks, Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, Toronto, Canada, . External links 1975 births Brown Bears women's ice hockey players Burlington Barracudas players Canadian women's ice hockey defencemen Ice hockey people from Ontario Ice hockey players at the 1998 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics Living people Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics Olympic gold medalists for Canada Olympic ice hockey players for Canada Olympic medalists in ice hockey Olympic silver medalists for Canada Sportspeople from Haldimand County Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks ice hockey players	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becky%20Kellar-Duke
Gourav Dhiman (born 16 December 1986) is an Indian cricket player for the national team, bowling right-arm medium-pace and batting right-handed. He played for India Under-15s and now plays for India Under-19s, Karnataka Under-19s. He regularly opens both the batting and the bowling. To date, he has scored 610 runs at an average of 51.25. He has hit three centuries. He is currently playing for the Bijapur Bulls in the Karnataka Premier League. Early life He received his education at Jain University, Bangalore. References Indian cricketers Karnataka cricketers 1986 births Living people Mumbai Indians cricketers	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaurav%20Dhiman
Yong Peng is a town in Mukim Tanjung Semberong, Batu Pahat District, Johor, Malaysia. It has an area of 1911.6 hectares with an estimated population of 29,046. History During the reign of Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor and under the influence of the British rule in the 1870s, a policy was initiated to modernise Johor and increase tax revenue by opening up more of the forest and swamp area for plantation purposes (initially for spices such as pepper and gambier; then followed by rubber). But to do so, they need massive number of workers. Coincidentally the political and social chaos in Southern China during that period (ref: History of China) made the Chinese migrants an obvious choice. Some of these early Chinese pioneers travelled from the river mouth starting from Batu Pahat and along the Bekok River (Sungai Bekok) and settled upon a fertile land not far from where Sungai Bekok and Sungai Sedi meets. In fact, in 1800, there were only five Malay houses standing on the banks of Sungai Bekok and on Bukit Jambu (once sited the Bee Seng Sawmill and now the Yong Peng District Council). The town was known at that time as "Sri Bertam", named after a tree by the name "Bertam Tree" in Kampong Bukit Jambu. The Malays were then ruled by Arujamin Bin Runshut and most of them had just escaped from the Dutch after losing the war to the latter in Acheh. In November 1847, four Chinese immigrants from Chaozhou led by Boo Koh Lak Loo (better known as Ah Loh) came to Sri Bertam by boat after paddling up Sungai Bekok. They then built three houses at the present Government Clinic compound. Later he and his men with the help of his Malay friends began to clear some thick forests around the river banks. When this small settlement prospered and progressed, Boo named the place Yong Peng or Everlasting Peace in Chinese. Boo ruled Yong Peng according to the "Kangchu" or headman system where the Chinese word "Kang" means river while "Chu" means house. But essentially, "Chu" is the clan name of the first headman in charge of the plantations in the area. When more Chinese of other dialects began moving to Yong Peng, the settlement was also expanded further up the river, opening up two more areas - one was Mah Kau Kang and the other one was Seng Kang (now Kangkar Bahru). During this time, Sungai Bekok river was navigable by small ocean-going steamers. Local produce such as pepper and gambir were transported by boat to Batu Pahat and some to as far as Singapore; the whole journey taking about 16 days. Kangchu Boo would also give a yearly report of Yong Peng to Sultan Abu Bakar. In order to keep law and order, one Malay by the name of Ismail was appointed the policeman of Yong Peng. Minor offences were dealt with by Kangchu Boo whilst more serious ones were sent to the magistrate's court in Batu Pahat. Kangchu Boo died in 1907 at the age of 76. His body was buried in Tang Hak (old name for Jalan Masjid). It is around Jalan Ann Peng. After his death, his son Kangchu Boo Koh Soon Meng took over at the young age of 25. He ruled for about 35 years until his death in 1942. As he did not have a son, the Kangchu system also began to decline and it was also in the same year Yong Peng was conquered by the Japanese. Emergency Period After World War II, the British returned to power. However, conflict with the Communist Party of Malaya, their former ally during the Japanese occupation, emerged. In 1950, in order to contain the communist insurgency, the British instituted as part of the Briggs Plan the policy of forced relocation of large number of people and moved them into specially created settlements called "New Villages". This strategy was to prevent Communist sympathisers from supporting and supplying food to the insurgents. These camps were surrounded by barb wires and guarded day and night. Other than night curfews, residents of the camp were also strictly prohibited from carrying additional food or tools in or out of the camp. Curfews would commence at 6 o'clock in the evening and ended at 6 the next morning. In Yong Peng, a few thousand squatters who were living and cultivating along isolated jungle fringes were thus resettled in the new village. So, Jalan Templer in Yong Peng was named after the then British High Commissioner General Gerald Templer who was known for making this famous remark, "The answer [to the uprising] lies not in pouring more troops into the jungle, but in the hearts and minds of the people." (Lapping, 224) In order to win the hearts and minds of these new villagers at this time, Malaysia's first Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman, also visited Yong Peng and opened the Yong Peng Chinese High School. In 1952 when the local council of Yong Peng was established, Jalan Ah Loh was named in memory of Kangchu Boo Koh Ah Loh (巫许亚鲁). Recent history Yong Peng was also disturbed by the racial riots (mostly took place in Kuala Lumpur) during the May 13 event in 1969. Luckily, the Chinese Penghulu (Head Villager) from Yong Peng and the Malay Penghulus from the surrounding Kampungs had a relatively good relationship; and working together they cobbled several arrangements that help prevent the severe bloodshed seen in other urban areas. Then in the mid-1970s, the town was again affected by gang fights among rival gangster groups which usually took place at night outside the only cinema in Yong Peng at Jalan Templer. Peace was again restored when ASP Mokhtaruddin Yunus, dubbed by the locals as "Justice Pao" was sent to Yong Peng. Within weeks, he was able to maintain law and order and until today many locals still remember him fondly as a strict and incorruptible policeman who came to save Yong Peng. Today most of these Chinese around are now in the fourth generation and have been thoroughly integrated as part of Malaysian society. On July 27, 2022, at 12:39 PM, a faulty appliance at the north main entry substation triggered a power failure that affected much of the northern parts of Peninsular Malaysia. The outage lasted for up to 3:02 PM as repairs gradually restored power. Administration Yong Peng is administered by the Yong Peng District Council (Majlis Daerah Yong Peng (MDYP)), previously known as Batu Pahat East District Council (). The district council is autonomous from Batu Pahat Town and it administers Yong Peng town and the adjacent neighbourhoods of Ayer Hitam and Tanjung Sembrong. It was established on 1 September 1979 through the merger of the local councils () of: Yong Peng Ayer Hitam Parit Sulong Sri Medan Kangkar Bahru Parit Yaani Lam Yee Politics Yong Peng has its own constituency in the Johor State Legislative Assembly, currently held by Ling Tian Soon of the MCA. On the federal level Yong Peng is part of the Ayer Hitam parliamentary constituency. It is currently represented by Minister of Transport Wee Ka Siong of the Barisan Nasional governing coalition. Demographics More than half of the local residents are of Chinese origin, whose forefathers migrated from southern China in the 1880s. The rest are Malays and Indians who mainly reside in the surrounding Yong Peng areas. Other than Malay, the other main language used is Mandarin with an accent strongly influenced by the Fuzhou and Hokkien Dialects. Chinese make up the majority of the population at 60%, followed by the Malays at 32%, Indians at 7%. Economy Industrial areas in Yong Peng are Ayer Hitam, Ayer Hitam-Yong Peng Street, Yong Peng Town and Seri Wangi Industrial Areas. Education Primary School - Yong Peng has One Chinese and two Government run National School (schools where Malay is the primary medium) - Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Bertam and Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan Yong Peng (SRKYP). SRKYP was the smallest of the three primary school. It was originally part of a missionary school (Anglican Church) with an emphasis on the use of English as a teaching medium. As a result, the students and teachers there have been known to be relatively more well verse in the use of English. Not long after independence, it was converted to a National School where the Malay language is used as the primary medium instead. Secondary School - Yong Peng has one Chinese Independent school (Yong Peng High School); and two government run National schools - Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Yong Peng (SMYP) & SMK Dato' Seth. SMYP was the biggest of the three. It has students from all the three primary schools in Yong Peng and also from the surrounding areas such as Lam Lee, Kangkar Baru, Parit Yanni and even as far as Sri Medan. Food Yong Peng is known for its Fuzhou (福州) style cuisine. This would include HockChew Chow Mien (handmade noodles that are first boiled, then stir fried); HockChew Egg Soup; HockChew FishBall (one of the bounciest fishballs; with fish on the outside and pork on the inside); Fermented Red Rice Wine Chicken; Fermented Red Rice Wine Noodles; HockChew Square Bread (typically pork fat or meat is added as filling); and HockChew plain bread (also known as Yong Peng bread - round shaped yeast bread that is available as plain with sesame seed, sweet or salted; no fillings within). There is plenty of local Malay and Indian food stalls (warung). One famous place is near the wet market, where people usually go for breakfast. It is famous for its nasi lemak, lontong and mee goreng (fried noodle, Malay stype). The Rendang, Kari Ekor (Ox Tail Soup) and Roti Canai are all wonderful additions to the local cuisine. Tourist attractions Fortune Dragon (转运祥龙) - built by Che Ann Khor Yong Peng Association (德教会紫安阁) Tian Pao Kong Temple (永平天保宫) - famous for the 68 feet tall Ji Gong bronze statue RUMAH BERHALA GUA NAGA HITAM Temple (柔佛州永平黒龍洞三聖公神廟) Transportation Yong Peng has two main interchanges on North–South Expressway including north to Kuala Lumpur and south to Johor Bahru. The old north–south trunk road, the Federal Route 1 runs through downtown Yong Peng. PLUS Expressway has an exit serving Yong Peng town. Connection to Muar, Parit Sulong and Batu Pahat is possible via Federal Route 24 while access to Kluang and Mersing is through the interchange with the Batu Pahat–Kluang–Jemaluang highway (Federal Route 50) near Ayer Hitam. References External links www.johordt.gov.my/mdyp/content/view/18/34/ Neighbouring towns Townships in Johor Batu Pahat District	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yong%20Peng
Bates School may refer to: United States Bates School (Bates, Arkansas), in the List of RHPs in AR Bates College, a private college in Lewiston, Maine Wiley H. Bates High School, Annapolis, MD, listed on the NRHP in Maryland Joshua Bates School, Boston, MA	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bates%20School
Mondo Music Corporation is a record label in Lusaka that produces recordings by some of Zambia's the most popular musicians, including Amayenge, Danny, K'Millian, Exile, JK, Shatel, Nathan Nyirenda, Jojo Mwangaza, Lilly T.[Tribal Cousin Ackson Chulu, Sydney Kasonde] The company was started in 1998 by Chisha Folotiya, its first release being a gospel album by the Omega Singers. The company's motto is "The Nation's Music Leaders", which they try to live up to by offering releases for all age groups and demographics. See also List of record labels References External links Mondo Music Online Store African record labels Music organisations based in Zambia Companies based in Lusaka	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondo%20Music%20Corporation
Carla Rae MacLeod (born June 16, 1982) is a Canadian ice hockey coach and retired member of the Canadian national women's hockey team. She is the current head coach of the Czech national ice hockey team and the Ottawa PWHL team in the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). Playing career MacLeod was born in Spruce Grove, Alberta. MacLeod attended Bishop Carroll High School in Calgary, Alberta. Carla MacLeod represented Team Alberta at the National Championships in 1999 and 2001. On both occasions, MacLeod would win the Abby Hoffman Cup. Wisconsin Badgers She played with the Wisconsin Badgers women's ice hockey program in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association for four years, serving as captain for the 03-04 and 04-05 seasons. She played for United States women's Olympic team coach Mark Johnson at Wisconsin, where he likened her leadership to that of a second coach. While at Wisconsin, MacLeod was bestowed with the University of Wisconsin Big Ten Medal of Honor (in recognition of athletic and academic achievement). In her senior year at Wisconsin, Macleod served as one of two undergraduate assistant coaches. The other undergrad coach was Olympian Molly Engstrom. Macleod and Engstrom assisted coach Mark Johnson with analysis of game footage. Hockey Canada Her career as a defenceman for the national team began in 2003 with a silver win in the Four Nations Cup. In 2004, she played to a gold medal in the Four Nations Cup. In 2005, MacLeod made her world championship debut in 2005. She had been cut from the world championship team for two consecutive years before that. MacLeod would win silver at the 2005 IIHF Women's World Hockey Championship. In 2006, she played in the Winter Olympics in Turin, where she was named as a tournament all-star, and in the 2006 Four Nations Cup, where Canada won gold. In 2007, she played in the IIHF Women's World Hockey Championship, where Canada won its ninth world's gold medal. Prior to joining the national women's team, MacLeod was on the National Under-22 team from 1999-2003. Retirement On September 14, 2010, Hockey Canada announced that MacLeod, along with three other players retired from international hockey. After her retirement, she took a public relations job with the Royal Bank of Canada. Coaching career In the fall of 2010, she became an assistant coach with Mount Royal University. During the 2011–12 Canada women's national ice hockey team season, MacLeod was an assistant coach for the National Under 18 team that participated in a three-game series vs. the USA in August 2011. Since February, 2012 she has been serving as an assistant coach for the Japanese national team. In February, 2013 the Japanese national women's hockey team qualified for the first time for the 2014 winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. Japanese media praise her coaching skills, her likable personality as well as her tactical understanding of the game which has been much needed for this team. They say she has given the players a hockey mentality and a style of play which puts pressure on opposing teams. In April 2022 she became head coach of Czech Republic women's ice hockey team. During the subsequent 2022 Women's Ice Hockey World Championships, the Czechs won their first bronze medal. In September 2023, MacLeod was named as head coach for the Ottawa PWHL team. Personal life Through her paternal grandmother, MacLeod is related to former Montreal Canadiens legend Maurice Richard. Career stats Awards and honours 2004-05 USCHO.com Defensive Player of the Year References External links 1982 births Living people Calgary Oval X-Treme players Canadian women's ice hockey defencemen Ice hockey people from Alberta Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics Olympic gold medalists for Canada Olympic ice hockey players for Canada Olympic medalists in ice hockey People from Spruce Grove Wisconsin Badgers women's ice hockey players	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carla%20MacLeod
Paternoster Press is a British Christian publishing house which was founded by B. Howard Mudditt (1906–1992) in 1936. Mudditt was a Bank of England clerk who decided to move into publishing after seeing the many publishers based on London's Paternoster Row during his lunch hours; the firm was named after the street, and also alluded to the Lord's Prayer. The Irish Times described Paternoster as "a synonym for scholarly, evangelical Christian publications." Mudditt led a Plymouth Brethren assembly in Walthamstow, a north-east suburb of London. Through this and other connections, Mudditt formed relationships with many religious scholars who then published in Paternoster, including F. F. Bruce, H.L. Ellison, George H. Lang, and I. H. Marshall. In its early decades, Paternoster collaborated with other publishers, including Inter-Varsity Fellowship (later Inter-Varsity Press) and the American firm Eerdmans. Paternoster began with the publication of a children's magazine, Horizon and followed with another magazine, The Harvester, and a regular evangelical booklet, The Emergency Post. Also among Paternosters early works were a periodical, Science and Religion. In 1956, Inter-Varsity Fellowship sold the periodical, Evangelical Quarterly to Paternoster. Another significant publication was the New International Greek Text Commentary of the Bible, coedited by I. Howard Marshall, W. Ward Gasque, and Donald Hagner and published with Eerdmans. Later authors publishing in Paternoster include Tim Grass and Harold Rowdon. In the 1990s and 2000s, the publisher also presented a series of noted academic monograms: Paternoster Biblical Monographs, Paternoster Theological Monographs, Studies in Christian History and Thought, Studies in Evangelical History and Thought, and Studies in Baptist History and Thought. Paternoster Biblical Monographs, a series in the Evangelical tradition, broadly defined, won praise for the high caliber of its scholarship. Paternoster relocated to Exeter in 1962. In 1975, Mudditt's son, Jeremy, became managing director and in 1976 was joined by Peter Cousins. In 1992 it was purchased by the Christian book distributor Send the Light as part of their Authentic Media division based in Milton Keynes, and moved to Carlisle, England. Paternoster's imprints include Regnum (an academic list) and Rutherford House (a popular historical list); it also publishes books with specific imprints for organisations such as WEF (World Evangelisation Fellowship), YWAM (Youth with a Mission) and Spring Harvest. In December 2009, as part of the failure of STL (Send the Light), Paternoster was sold to Australian-based company Koorong, which, prior to this, was primarily a retailer of Christian books, music and gifts. References Sources Grass, Tim. FF Bruce: A Life. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2012. Neil Summerton, Jeremy Mudditt. Brethren Historical Review. (2010) Vol 6: P 122-125 Ten Harmsel, Larry, and Reinder Van Til. An Eerdmans Century. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2011. Paternoster Press Papers, Administrative History. ELGAR: Electronic Gateway to Archives at Rylands. The University of Manchester Library Collections, Manchester, UK. Christian mass media companies Christian publishing companies Book publishing companies of the United Kingdom Publishing companies established in 1936	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paternoster%20Press
Cheryl Pounder (born June 21, 1976, in Montreal, Quebec) is a women's ice hockey player. She played defence for the Canadian Women's Hockey League's Mississauga Chiefs, and competed in the 2002 and 2006 Winter Olympics. Pounder attended high school at St. Martin Secondary School in Mississauga, Ontario. She was also the captain of the ice hockey team at Wilfrid Laurier University. Although born in Montreal, she lives in Mississauga, Ontario and calls that city her hometown. Pounder was part of the team that won the Under-18 Canadian National women's ice hockey championship. She was also a member of the 1992 Women's World Roller Hockey championship team. Pounder was a colour commentator for the CBC coverage of the women's hockey tournament at the 2014, 2018, and 2022 Winter Olympics. She also served as a colour commentator for the TSN's coverage of IIHF World Women's Championship hockey tournaments and succeeded Ray Ferraro as NHL 24 color commentator. CWHL With the Beatrice Aeros, Pounder competed in three Women's Canadian National hockey championships from 1999 to 2001. The Aeros won bronze in 1999 and 2001, and won the gold in 2000. Pounder was the Master of Ceremonies at the 2010 CWHL Draft. Personal life Pounder is married to former St. Louis Blues player Mike O'Toole. Together, they welcomed their first child, a girl named Jamie, on January 25, 2008, with a second daughter was born in 2010. Her niece Rhyen McGill won the NCAA national championship in 2017 with Clarkson University, and played in Team Canada's junior system. Career statistics Career statistics are from Eliteprospects.com. Regular season and playoffs International Career highlights Two Olympic gold medals (2002, 2006) Six World Championship gold medals (1994, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2007) and one silver (2005) Seven Nations Cup gold medals (1996, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005) and one silver (2003) All-Star selection, 2005 IIHF women's world hockey championships Awards and honours CWHL First All-Star Team, 2008–09 Top Defender, Pool A, 2007 Esso Canadian Women's Nationals Top Defender at the 2002 Esso Canadian National Championship NWHL West First All-Star Team, 1999-00 COWHL Second All-Star Team, 1996–97 CIS honours 1995-96 OUA Second Team All-Star 1996-97 OUA Second Team All-Star 1997-98 OUA First Team All-Star 1998 Wilfrid Laurier athletics President's Award 2005 Inductee, Laurier Golden Hawk Hall of Fame References 1976 births Living people Anglophone Quebec people Canadian women's ice hockey defencemen Ice hockey people from Mississauga Ice hockey people from Montreal Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics Olympic gold medalists for Canada Olympic ice hockey players for Canada Olympic medalists in ice hockey Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks ice hockey players Mississauga Chiefs players	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheryl%20Pounder
Tamar Janine Reilly (born September 19, 1963), known professionally as Alexandra Silk, is an American pornographic actress, pornographic director and adult model. Biography A graduate of the State University of New York at Albany, Silk began her adult career as a stripper in Las Vegas. During this time she met porn star Jenna Jameson, who advised her on how to enter the pornographic industry. Silk made her way to Hollywood, where she met Ron Jeremy, who in turn introduced her to performers, directors and producers. During the course of her career she married porn star Luc Wylder. She is a member of the Free Speech Coalition, the National Coalition for Sexual Freedom, the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality, and a supporting member of the American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors, and Therapists (AASECT). By February 2010, Silk had completed her internship to become a certified sex surrogate with the International Professional Surrogate Association (IPSA), and names this as her true calling. Awards Wins 2008 AVN Hall of Fame 2013 XRCO Hall of Fame Nominations 1999 XRCO Award – Unsung Siren 2000 AVN Female Performer of the Year 2002 AVN Best Anal Sex Scene – Film for Taken (with Herschel Savage) 2004 AVN Best Actress – Video for Stud Hunters References External links 1963 births American female erotic dancers American erotic dancers American female adult models American pornographic film actresses American pornographic film directors Women pornographic film directors Living people People from Long Island Pornographic film actors from New York (state) University at Albany, SUNY alumni Sex-positive feminists 21st-century American women	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra%20Silk
Mark van Eeghen (born April 19, 1952) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for ten years in the National Football League (NFL), during which he made two Super Bowl appearances. He played eight seasons for the Oakland Raiders (1974–1981) and then two seasons with the New England Patriots (1982–1983). Van Eeghen rushed for over 1,000 yards in three consecutive seasons from 1976–1978. Early life and education Van Eeghen was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts on April 19, 1952. He played high school football at Cranston High School West in Cranston, Rhode Island, where he graduated in 1970 and earned all-state football honors as a senior. College career He then played at Colgate University in Hamilton, New York, where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics in 1974. While at Colgate, he set the school's single-season rushing record in 1973 with 1,089 yards. In his three college seasons, van Eeghen rushed for 2,591 yards and 27 touchdowns, while also catching 31 passes for 361 yards and 2 scores. Van Eeghen was inducted into Colgate's Hall of Fame in 1980. Professional career Oakland Raiders In 1974, Van Eeghen took over as fullback of the Oakland Raiders from Marv Hubbard, also a Colgate alumnus. In the 1980 season, Van Eeghen was part of the Raiders team that advanced to Super Bowl XV, in which they defeated the Philadelphia Eagles 27 to 10. He was the game's leading rusher with 75 yards on 18 carries. He also won a Super Bowl ring with the Raiders in Super Bowl XI, in which he was the team's second leading rusher with 73 yards. He left the Raiders in 1982 as the team's all-time leading rusher with 5,907 yards at the time. New England Patriots He then joined the New England Patriots, where he appeared in the infamous Snowplow Game. Patriots quarterback Steve Grogan attempted only five passes in the game due to the extensive snow and ice, leaving the ground attack as the only offensive option. Van Eeghen rushed the ball 22 times for 100 yards in the 3-0 Patriots win. Van Eeghen finished his ten NFL seasons with 6,651 career rushing yards, 174 career receptions for 1,583 receiving yards, and 41 career touchdowns (37 rushing and four receiving). NFL career statistics Regular season Postseason Awards In 2002, van Eeghen was inducted into the Rhode Island Scholar-Athlete Hall of Fame in recognition of his career. This reflected that he was voted fourth on a list of the top 50 Greatest Sports Figures by Sports Illustrated. Personal life Van Eeghen has three daughters, including Amber (born 1980), who joined the cheerleading squad of his last team, the New England Patriots, where she took part in two overseas tours with the Patriot cheerleaders to perform for U.S. troops in multiple foreign countries. She attended the University of Rhode Island, where she became captain of the "Ramettes" cheerleaders. She is currently married to Pro Bowl center Dan Koppen, a former center for the New England Patriots and Denver Broncos. References External links Mark van Eeghen at Pro-Football-Reference.com 1952 births Living people American football running backs Colgate Raiders football players Colgate University alumni New England Patriots players Oakland Raiders players Players of American football from Cambridge, Massachusetts Sportspeople from Cranston, Rhode Island	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20van%20Eeghen
Transnet Freight Rail is a South African rail transport company, formerly known as Spoornet. It was part of the South African Railways and Harbours Administration, a state-controlled organisation that employed hundreds of thousands of people for decades from the first half of the 20th century and was widely referred to by the initials SAR&H (SAS&H in Afrikaans). Customer complaints about serious problems with Transnet Freight Rail's service were reported in 2010. Its head office is in Inyanda House in Parktown, Johannesburg. History Railways were first developed in the area surrounding Cape Town and later in Durban around the 1840s. The first line opened in Durban on 27 June 1850. The initial network was created to serve the agricultural production area between Cape Town and Wellington. The news that there were gold deposits in the Transvaal Republic moved the Cape Colony Government (supported by British Government) to link Kimberley as soon as possible by rail to Cape Town as part of the colonial dream. The Central South African Railways (CSAR) was from 1902 to 1910 the operator of public railways in the Transvaal Colony and Orange River Colony in what is now South Africa. During the Anglo-Boer War, as British forces moved into the territory of the Orange Free State and the South African Republic, the Orange Free State Government Railways, the Netherlands-South African Railway Company and the Pretoria-Pietersburg Railway were taken over by the Imperial Military Railways under Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Percy Girouard. After the war had ended, the Imperial Military Railways became the Central South African Railways in July 1902, with Thomas Rees Price as general manager. With the creation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, the CSAR was merged with the Cape Government Railways and the Natal Government Railways to form the South African Railways, which is now Transnet Freight Rail. Operations Transnet Freight Rail is a freight logistics and passenger transport railway. It is the largest freight hauler in Africa. The company comprises several businesses: GFB Commercial (General Freight Business) – Transnet's largest division; handles over 50% of its freight; Coal Line, serving coal exporters on the Mpumalanga – Richards Bay line; second largest coal railway in the world, delivering 62 million tonnes of coal (also known as "Black Gold") in the year ending 31 March 2010; Ore Export Line – dedicated to iron ore transport on the Sishen to Saldanha line; Luxrail – The operation of the Blue Train, which is designed as a five-star hotel on wheels. Transnet also formerly owned Shosholoza Meyl, the non-luxury long-distance passenger rail service. Shosholoza Meyl was transferred to the Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa on 23 December 2008. A line in the Eastern Cape is leased to Kei Rail. Business Units Transnet Freight Rail is divided into 6 Business Units: Agriculture and Bulk Liquids ("ABL") Coal Business Unit (Coal Line) Intermodal (Container) and Automotive Business Unit ("CAB") (Johannesburg-Durban Line) Iron Ore and Manganese Business Unit (Kimberley-Port Elizabeth & Ore Export Line Mineral Mining and Chrome Business Unit ("MMC") (Witbank-Komatipoort & Phalaborwa-Komatipoort Lines) Steel and Cement Business Unit ("SAC") The launch of the Business Units took place in a company wide event for all managerial staff on 18 April 2012. Links to neighbouring countries The Transnet rail network is linked to all of South Africa's neighbouring countries: TransNamib of Namibia, at Nakop; Botswana Railways at Ramatlabama; National Railways of Zimbabwe and the Beitbridge Bulawayo Railway at Beitbridge; Mozambique Ports and Railways at Ressano Garcia; Eswatini Railways of Eswatini at Golela and Mananga; Maseru in Lesotho on the Maseru branch line (owned by Transnet). Ongoing projects Maputo Corridor: Transnet Freight Rail is developing a plan with the Railroad Development Corporation to transport magnetite from Phalaborwa to Maputo as feedstock for a proposed steel plant in Maputo. In May 2010, Transnet revealed a five-year-plan involving rail projects costing R52Bn. Most of this would be spent on new rolling stock, including 304 locomotives and 7231 wagons. R4Bn would be spent on infrastructure connecting Majuba coal-fired power station with the Richards Bay freight railway. Transnet is upgrading the rail corridor which connect the Port of Ngqura with manganese mines around Hotazel in the Northern Cape. The corridor would be long, and would mostly involve upgrades of existing lines; capacity is expected to increase from 5·5 million tonnes / year to 16 mpta. Swazilink is expected to connect from Lothair to Sidvokodvo in Eswatini, at a cost of R17 billion. See also :Category:Locomotives of South Africa Hex River Tunnel List of South African locomotive classes 2021 Transnet Cyberattack References External links Transnet website South African Trains – A Pictorial Encyclopaedia Transnet Railway companies of South Africa	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnet%20Freight%20Rail
Colleen Kay Sostorics (born December 17, 1979 in Kennedy, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian retired women's ice hockey defenseman. She played extensively for Canada at the international level, including three Olympic gold medals (2002 in Turin, 2006 in Salt Lake City, and 2010 in Vancouver). At the Women's World Championships, Sostorics helped Canada to three gold and three silver medals, and at the 4 Nations Cup, she captured five gold medals and one silver medal. When not playing with Canada, she competed at the club level for the Calgary Oval X-Treme, in the Western Women's Hockey League (WWHL). Playing career Minor hockey Colleen Sostorics began playing hockey in her hometown of Kennedy, Saskatchewan, on the local boys' teams until the age of 17. In 1996, she captained her boys' hockey team at the bantam level. She played for Team Saskatchewan at the 1995 Canada Winter Games and the 1997 National Under-18 Championship. University After completing her minor hockey career in Saskatchewan, she accepted an offer to move to attend the University of Calgary, where she played for the women's hockey team. After the 1997–98 season, Sostorics was named to the All-Star Team after the Canada West Championship Tournament. Calgary captured the bronze medal at this tournament. She earned this honour again after the 1998–99 Canada West Championship Tournament. Calgary captured the silver medal at the Canada West Tournament in 1998–99. In addition to the Canada West honours, Sostorics was named a Canadian Interuniversity Athletics Union (CIAU) All-Canadian after both the 1997–98 and 1998–99 seasons. After the 1999–00 Canada West season, Sostorics was named a Canada West Second Team All-Star. Club team She played for Alberta in the Esso National Women's Championship and won the Abby Hoffman Cup in 2001, 2003 and 2007. International In 1999, Sostorics made her Team Canada debut with the Under-22 National Team at the 1999 Christmas Cup, winning a gold medal. In 2000 and 2001, she continued to play with the Under-22 team, capturing gold medals at the Nations Cup tournament both years. She served as team captain during the 2000–01 season. Her performance at the Under-22 level earned her a spot on the Senior Women's National team for the 2001 World Women's Hockey Championship. At this tournament, she contributed two goals and an assist as Canada won the gold medal. In 2002, Sostorics was named to Canada's team for the 2002 Winter Olympics, held in Salt Lake City, Utah. During the tournament, she contributed two assists as Canada took the gold medal. In 2004 and 2005, she also played at the World Championships, winning gold and silver medals respectively. On September 14, 2010, Hockey Canada announced that Sostorics, along with three other players retired from international hockey. Personal Her parents' names are Lanny and Jean. She has one brother, Mark. After winning a gold medal at the 2002 Winter Olympics, her hometown of Kennedy named a street after her. She convocated with a bachelor's degree in economics from the University of Calgary in 2004. During her youth, Sostorics competed in soccer and fastball in addition to playing hockey. In 1997, she won provincial championships in all three sports. She was named Most Valuable Player at provincial fastball tournaments in 1994 and 1995. Now, she plays rugby in addition to hockey. She won a national rugby championship with Team Alberta in 2003. Statistics International Club team Statistics Source Awards and honours Top Defender, 2003 Esso Women's Nationals References External links 1979 births Calgary Dinos ice hockey players Calgary Oval X-Treme players Canadian women's ice hockey defencemen Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics Living people Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics Olympic gold medalists for Canada Olympic ice hockey players for Canada Olympic medalists in ice hockey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colleen%20Sostorics
The Medellín River (), called Porce River () during most of its course, is a river that flows through the Colombian city of Medellín and its metropolitan area. For many years an organization called Mi Río (My River) was involved in river cleanup projects. For the river's first , it is referred to as the Medellín, and after that it is known as the Porce. It is a tributary of the Nechi River, which flows in turn into the Cauca River. Every year, the Christmas lighting of Medellín takes place on the Medellín River. Porce III Dam The river is the site of the Porce III Dam, which was completed in 2011. History From 1883 to 1916, the canalization of the river aroused the interest of the upper class, who saw in this work the possibility of improving the hygienic and sanitary conditions of the city, but also concentrated the desire to drain the territory, improve its conditions and incorporate them into the city to expand the urban area between the old village and the banks of the river. References Rivers of Colombia	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn%20River
Airforce Delta Strike, known as in Japan and Deadly Skies III in Europe, is the third installment in the Konami Airforce Delta series. It was released in 2004 exclusively on the PlayStation 2. It plays very similarly to the previous Airforce Delta games. Story The game plot occurs in an unspecified time in the future, featuring sci-fi weapons, planes and environments. When OCC (Orbital Citizen Community), a space colony set on Earth's orbit, rebels and launches an invasion of Earth, EDAF (Earth Defense Allied Forces) launches a defensive campaign. EDAF is overwhelmed by the OCC's superior weapons and numbers early in the war, losing a majority of its conventional forces and is forced to enlist any militia forces to help, including the Delta Squadron, an ill-famed aerial strike group known as a "dumping ground" for disgraced or misfit pilots. Despite their differences, Delta Squadron's efforts allow the EDAF to turn the tide and liberate portions of Earth occupied by the OCC, earning them the attention and rivalry of the OCC's elite experimental squadron. As the tide starts to turn and as the Earth forces advance, they find out that OCC is not the major threat - an organization from Mars is planning to destroy Earth with the help of the orbital colony. Gameplay AFDS features a large selection of planes to choose from and a series of missions to play through. However, unlike the previous installments, AFDS features an all new cast of anime-style characters illustrated by Jun Tsukasa. Some can be played as and others are just for support. Each character has a unique selection of planes to fly and has a different branch of missions to complete. Completion of some missions unlocks secret missions and hidden planes for replays. After the game is once completed, a secret hangar becomes available. As the game is completed and medals are earned, more secret planes become available. Reception The game received "average" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of one seven, two eights, and one six for a total of 29 out of 40. References External links 2004 video games Combat flight simulators Konami games PlayStation 2 games PlayStation 2-only games Space combat simulators Video games set in the future Crossover video games Airforce Delta Video games developed in Japan	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airforce%20Delta%20Strike
The James A. Rhodes State Office Tower is a 41-story, state office building and skyscraper on Capitol Square in Downtown Columbus, Ohio. The Rhodes Tower is the tallest building in Columbus and the fifth tallest in Ohio. The tower is named for James A. Rhodes, the longest-serving Ohio governor, and features a statue of Rhodes outside the entrance. The building's interior includes a large open lobby with 22 elevators. Higher floors have offices for numerous state agencies. The tower's 40th floor contains an observation deck, open to the public. The Rhodes Tower was designed by Brubaker/Brandt and Dalton, Dalton, Little, and Newport in a Modernist style. It was conceived in 1969 as a way to consolidate state offices in one building and give more space to legislative offices in the Ohio Statehouse. Construction spanned from 1971 to 1974; it has held state offices since mid-1974, including the Supreme Court of Ohio until it moved to the renovated Ohio Judicial Center in 2004. The Rhodes Tower was renovated from 2018 to 2022 for energy savings and façade maintenance. Attributes The Rhodes State Office Tower sits on Capitol Square in Downtown Columbus, on Broad Street. It is the tallest building in Columbus, measuring tall. It is also the tallest building housing the state government. The building faces the Ohio Statehouse, the state capitol building, located to its immediate south. A bi-level tunnel connects the basements of the two buildings, with the upper level designed for pedestrians and the lower for vehicles. The building's basement contains parking for 78 cars. , the building holds offices for the Ohio Attorney General, Ohio State Treasurer, Ohio Department of Administrative Services, Ohio Office of Budget and Management, Ohio Department of Developmental Disabilities, Ohio Department of Job and Family Services, Ohio Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, Ohio Department of Taxation, the Ohio Inspector General, and the Ohio Arts Council. Plaza The southern portion of the site has a small pedestrian plaza facing Broad Street, partially formed as the building's entrance is set back from underneath the bulk of the building. The plaza includes six trees; the six planted in 1974 were 'Moraine' honey locusts, tall. The plaza contains a bronze statue titled Governor James A. Rhodes and depicting Jim Rhodes, Ohio's longest-serving governor and the building's namesake. The six-foot, six-inch statue was originally installed and dedicated on the northeast corner of the Ohio Statehouse grounds in 1982. It was moved to its current location in 1991 as a temporary measure amid renovation of the statehouse. Jim Rhodes was among those who preferred it at the Statehouse, though those in charge of the renovations were in support of its current placement; it remains at the foot of the tower today. Exterior The Rhodes Tower was designed by Brubaker/Brandt of Columbus and Dalton, Dalton, Little, and Newport of Cleveland. The skyscraper was designed in a Modernist style, sometimes characterized as Brutalist, featuring the style's characteristic heavy rectilinear masonry. The verticality of the building serves as a foil to the Ohio Statehouse across Broad Street, increasing the horizontal appearance of the Statehouse, and the glass-walled lobby reflects a mirror image of the Statehouse to pedestrians on Broad Street. The Rhodes Tower has a complex massing and form. It includes a low asymmetrical base, reflecting the scale of the shorter buildings surrounding the tower. The lower floors of the building were designed to house the Supreme Court of Ohio; the court's chamber there is visible from the exterior with a projecting granite wall, surrounded by glass walls that further emphasize the chamber. The tower has a steel frame above a foundation of concrete-filled steel caissons. The foundation reaches below the surface to the limestone bedrock. The entire exterior of the Rhodes Tower, the surrounding sidewalk, and the lower part of the building's interior are lined with coarse-grained Milbank granite, quarried in Milbank, South Dakota by the Cold Spring Granite Company and branded as Carnelian granite. The stone is estimated to be 2 billion years old. The exterior has 13,108 granite panels, which give varying effects depending on the viewer's angle. The same stone is used on Capitol Square's Huntington Center, and a similar color on the Wyandotte Building nearby. The rich red stone intensifies the brightness of the white limestone used in the Ohio Statehouse. In 1975, the tower was claimed to be the largest granite structure on Earth. The building also has 3,144 windows with dark gray glass. The building is topped with radio and television antennae, installed during the building's construction. The initial antennae were for the Columbus Division of Police, Columbus Division of Fire, and the Ohio Educational Television network (the latter was supported by a large circular steel structure). Also at the top of the building are air navigation beacons as well as a rooftop helicopter pad (for official and emergency use only). The building has suffered minor maintenance issues and fires over its history. In 1989, three fires took place; one extensively damaged much of the 36th floor, with no injuries. Drinking water taste was an issue for years, leading offices to purchase five-gallon water coolers to use instead. As renovations to the building's façade began in 2017, a 12-by-2-inch piece of granite fell from the building, prompting the surrounding sidewalk to close pending an inspection. In 2015, one of the building's workers contracted Legionnaire's disease; Legionella bacteria was found at safe levels in locations throughout the building, and at a high level only in a basement shower. The water system was cleaned and health officials did not announce if they had concluded the origin of the worker's illness. Controlling temperatures in the building was an issue in the 1970s, especially in the glass-walled offices of the Supreme Court. A burst pipe flooded the chief justice's office in early 1977. Interior Rhodes Tower contains 41 stories and of office space. The building was constructed to accommodate 5,000 workers. As of 2022, approximately 2,600 state employees work in the building. Its first floor was designed with a five-story galleria-like lobby, a unique feature made possible by the building's elevator placement. The center of the lobby has a winding staircase leading up to the former Supreme Court level as well as two escalators that lead to the basement's restaurant and passage to the Statehouse garage. Towards the back of the lobby is a stainless steel recreation of the Great Seal of Ohio. The floorplans of the building are column-free, 144 feet square. All of the building's elevators (20 for passengers and two for freight) and service shafts were designed outside of the square office space, at the north and east (back and side of the building). The elevators include express elevators that skip floors between the lobby and 18th floor. One of these elevators malfunctioned in 2021 with no injuries. The four floors originally for the Ohio Supreme Court, directly above the lobby, were described in 1975 as an impressive "polished steel and glass enclave" with cushioned flaming scarlet carpeting. The main courtroom had leather high-back chairs behind a polished red granite bench. Behind the seats was a smaller version of the steel Ohio seal in the building's lobby. The courtroom connected to a corridor leading to justices' chambers, containing teakwood desks, velvet furniture, spacious work areas, and private individual showers. Each of these chambers was fronted by a wall of glass, and had a private mahogany-paneled elevator. The building's fourth floor contained the Supreme Court's 150,000-volume law library, with teak shelving, plush furniture, custom drapes and scarlet carpeting, as recorded in 1975. The tower's interior has frequently been used for art exhibits. These include the Young People's Art Exhibit, sponsored by the Ohio Art Education Association in 2001. An Ohio Art League exhibition in 1992 prompted complaints from the building's tenants. Some of the pieces impeded hallways; other works in the exhibit received complaints due to nudity or their statements on sexism and reproductive rights. It was reported in 1973 that tower would feature its own commissioned artwork, at a cost of $300,000 to $400,000, including graphics, sculptures, and tapestries with themes of Ohio history, culture, geography, and resources. In 1974, a proposal aimed for $1,175,000 for paintings, gardens, sculptures, and other artworks, including a rooftop garden and sculpture; $800,000 was estimated to have been spent on the program in June 1974. Treasurer offices The building's ninth floor was designed for the offices of the Ohio State Treasurer, including a large and secure bank vault. The treasurer at the time the building opened, Gertrude Walton Donahey, objected to moving into the tower, preferring tradition and historical continuity with her office in the Ohio Statehouse, and alleging that the older bank vaults in the Statehouse would be more secure. The office and vault contents were nonetheless moved to the Rhodes Tower, though in 2007 the treasurer's office was moved back into the Statehouse. Observation deck The tower's 40th floor contains an observation deck, providing an unobscured panoramic view of Columbus, accessed by a 28-second elevator ride. The attraction is free to the public, requiring only photo IDs in order for lobby staff to grant visitor badges. The floor-to-ceiling viewing windows are located on the north, east, and south sides of the building, and on clear days they give views past the Columbus metropolitan area. Signs by the windows identify notable buildings and sights. When the building opened, the deck wrapped around all four sides of the building, though it was altered to allow for more office space on the floor. It is nevertheless one of few observation decks remaining open to the public; areas in the Leveque Tower and One Nationwide Plaza are no longer accessible. The observation deck supports panoramic views of the surrounding city as well as numerous natural landmarks: the Scioto River, the beginning of the Appalachian Plateau, till plains to the north and south, and the Powell Moraine to the north. The east-facing hallway on the floor features a mural by local artist Mandi Caskey. The artwork depicts Ohio in four seasons, accompanied by some of its natural symbols, including the white trillium flower, buckeye tree, and white-tailed deer. The work was unveiled in January 2017, and was the first new piece of public art in the building since it opened. Other works in the building will next be replaced, at one or two per year, as some of the 75 works on display are outdated, worn, or damaged. The view has been described in Secret Columbus as the best panoramic view of the city, and a well-kept secret, given the observation deck's unlikely location in a state office building. Falcon nest On the 41st floor, a nesting box with a video feed had been installed for peregrine falcons. The project began in 1989 in hopes of reintroducing the falcons to the area. Similar projects ran in Akron, Dayton, and Cincinnati to support the bird populations, which had severely dropped in the mid-20th century due to pesticide use. The box was moved to the 31st floor of the Vern Riffe State Office Tower (which had its own peregrines) in 2017 to prevent incidents during the renovation of the building's exterior, though the falcons nested in a commercial building on State Street instead. One of the hatchlings at the tower, named Buckeye, lived from 1996 to 2009. It was believed to be one of the oldest and most prolific peregrines in the U.S. The falcon flew north as an adult, living for two years at the Case Western Reserve University campus in Cleveland before spending about 12 nesting on Terminal Tower, raising 34 chicks over its lifetime. History Planning and construction The idea for the building began with the Ohio General Assembly, which created a committee to plan for the future use of the Ohio Statehouse, its annex, and any new buildings in 1969. The committee in turn ordered the Ohio Building Authority to construct the tower for the state treasurer, auditor, secretary of state, attorney general, supreme court, and any other state agencies. Legislative leaders supported the move, granting them more space in the Ohio Statehouse. The new office tower was initially planned to contain 42 stories with an additional three sub-floors. A cafeteria floor was removed in 1970, and the exterior materials were selected limestone and bronze-tinted glass. The building's cost was estimated at $50-52 million, with groundbreaking on June 1, 1971. The new state offices led the Ohio Building Authority to plan for the demolition of four older buildings it was occupying, which had skyrocketing maintenance costs: the Wyandotte Building, the Ohio Statehouse Annex, and the two former main school buildings of the Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. The new building would also allow the state to vacate four additional buildings it was using. In 1971, Democrats were elected to the state's auditor and treasurer offices, after Republicans had previously run them. The new Democratic officials stated their preference that state officials should keep their offices in the Statehouse, and in 1973, they requested that the assembly reverse its decision to move their offices into the new building. Construction necessitated demolition of the Columbus Board of Trade Building (at the same address), the Outlook Building, and the Spahr Building. In 1971, the site was clear, allowing for construction, which began on May 4, 1971. There was no groundbreaking ceremony, reportedly because the governor declined to participate. The building was topped out in October 1972. The first agency to move in was the Department of Administrative Services (DAS), in January 1974. Construction lasted until mid-1974; in the meantime, the DAS worked on the logistics of moving in other agencies. Late in construction, the state decided to reduce the building's height from 42-43 stories to 41; costs rose from the $40 million expected up to $66 million or $80 million. Opening When completed, the building became the tallest in Columbus, taking the title from the 1927-built LeVeque Tower. In the first five years of its operation, it was officially the State Office Tower; governor John J. Gilligan chose the name over 25 others, including the Supreme Court Tower, State Office Building, Buckeye Tower, and George Busche Memorial Tower. It was renamed and dedicated to James Rhodes in 1979. The building earned an honor award from the Columbus chapter of the American Institute of Architects in 1975. The Rhodes Tower was built during the 1970s energy crisis; to combat the oil shortage, the building was designed with light bulbs that would provide up to half of the building's heat, and without light switches in many areas, preventing office workers from interfering with the climate controls. In 1980, the Ohio Building Authority found cheaper heating alternatives and installed switches in the building to save on electricity costs. In September 2001, days after the September 11 attacks took place, the Rhodes Tower was identified among about a dozen other sites potentially vulnerable to terrorism in the Columbus area. One year after the attacks, on September 11, 2002, a contractor was arrested in the building after making a statement that resembled a bomb threat. A bomb threat called in to police caused evacuations in three government buildings downtown, including the Rhodes Tower; a bomb was alleged to be placed on its 13th floor. The offices and courtroom for the Supreme Court of Ohio were located in the Rhodes Office Tower from 1974 to 2004, having moved from the Judiciary Annex of the Ohio Statehouse. The court left the building for its own facility, the Ohio Judicial Center, in 2004. The move would allow the court to expand from its space on eight floors of the Rhodes Tower into sixteen floors of the Judicial Center. The Ohio Arts Council moved its offices into the building in 2010; it had previously been based in the Neville Mansion and LeVeque Tower. From 2018 to 2022, the state government commissioned a renovation of the building. It involved replacing all of the windows on the building, as well as the anchors to its granite panels, some of which were cracked or chipped. 204 of the panels were replaced, and insulation and a vapor barrier were added to the structure. The project was well-managed, ending hours before its deadline and $5 million under its $70 million budget. It was the largest renovation of an Ohio government building since the 1996 Ohio Statehouse renovation. Scaffolding was placed around the tower almost a year prior to the project's official start, and was removed in summer 2021. During this time, restaurants in the surrounding alleys complained that the scaffolds led to a loss in revenue. The project was one of several significant initiatives that earned the building an Energy Star certification in from 2019 to 2021. For years, the building has been the site of the Fight For Air Climb Columbus event, a fundraiser run by the American Lung Association. In the event, about 400 participants climbed up the tower's 880 steps in an effort to raise awareness and funds for the association. In the 1990s, one of the climbers used the event to break Guinness World Records for fast ascents; his 1994 record was for 53 ascents in just over nine hours. Reception The building was positively reviewed at the time of its completion. Architect Richard R. Tully indicated that as Columbus buildings were conservative in design at the time, they age well; he opined that the Rhodes Tower is one of several examples of well-designed buildings that will still look good 50 years from that time. See also Architecture of Columbus, Ohio References External links Facility website 1974 establishments in Ohio Broad Street (Columbus, Ohio) Brutalist architecture in Ohio Buildings and structures in Downtown Columbus, Ohio Government buildings completed in 1974 Government buildings in Columbus, Ohio Granite buildings Skyscraper office buildings in Columbus, Ohio State government buildings in the United States	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodes%20State%20Office%20Tower
Nathan Blake (born 27 January 1972) is a Welsh former professional footballer, pundit and television presenter. He notably played in the Premier League for Sheffield United, Bolton Wanderers, Blackburn Rovers and Wolverhampton Wanderers. He also played in the Football League for Cardiff City, Leicester City and Leeds United before retiring with non-league side Newport County. He was capped 30 times by Wales, scoring four goals. He has previously been capped at U21 and B team level. He was relegated from the Premier League on a joint record of five occasions (with Hermann Hreiðarsson). Blake is also one of the most promoted players to the Premier League with three promotions. Following retirement, Blake has worked for Wales Online reporting on Cardiff City, BBC Wales, BBC 5 Live, and Sky Sports. In October 2020 he presented a programme on BBC Wales titled Wales' Black Miners. Early life Blake was born in Cardiff and grew up nearby on the Ringland estate in Newport, Wales. Blake was raised by his mother, aunt, and grandmother, and his cousins Matthew Robinson, a Wales rugby union international and Anthony Sullivan, a dual code rugby international. His uncle Clive Sullivan was a rugby league international. Blake attended Milton Primary School and Hartridge High School. Club career Cardiff City Blake was a trainee at Chelsea but was released in 1990, without graduating to the first team. He told WalesOnline in 2020 how, despite his upbringing showing "99% of people from the estate [having] no fear", he saw racism "like no other time in my life" at Chelsea. The club have since been accused of ignoring the racist abuse of coaches Graham Rix and Gwyn Williams. He moved back to his home-city club Cardiff City after this, where he quickly made his senior debut against Bristol Rovers in March. He quickly rose to being a first team regular in 1990–91 and went on to become a firm favourite with fans. He helped the club to the Third Division title in 1992–93, scoring 11 times, and made a strong start to life in the third tier the next season, scoring 14 goals in 20 games. It was during this season that he rose to national prominence when he scored a spectacular goal against Manchester City to send them crashing out of the FA Cup. This form attracted Premier League Sheffield United to snap him up for £300,000 in February 1994. In total, he scored 40 goals in 164 appearances for the Welsh side. Sheffield United Blake scored five goals in the remainder of Sheffield United's top flight campaign, but could not halt relegation. He then finished as the Blades top scorer in the next two seasons, but neither season saw the club mount a serious promotion challenge in Division One. During the 1995–96 season, his goalscoring again won him a move to the Premier League, as he joined Bolton Wanderers in December 1995 in a £1,200,000 deal. Bolton Wanderers Blake failed to make an immediate impact at Bolton Wanderers and only managed one league goal as they dropped out of the Premier League after a solitary season. He rediscovered his goalscoring prowess in the 1996–97 season though, as he notched 19 league goals to fire Bolton back to the top flight as champions. The next season saw his best seasonal tally in the top flight as he bagged 12 goals, however this couldn't prevent yet another relegation for the club after one season. Blackburn Rovers He started the 1998–99 season brightly, with six goals in the opening 12 games, which won him his third move back to the Premier League with Blackburn Rovers in a £4.25 million deal in October 1998. History repeated itself though for Blake as he again suffered the drop in a season that saw him manage just three goals. The striker remained at Ewood Park for two full seasons, the second of which saw him again win promotion, but he managed only nine goals over these seasons. He started the club's return in the top flight, and scored their opening goal away at Derby County, but was swiftly returned to Division One when he was sold to Wolverhampton Wanderers in September 2001 for an initial £1.5 million fee. Blake, who had a strained relationship with Blackburn manager Graeme Souness, was offered the chance to stay and fight for a place in the side but decided to accept the transfer. Wolverhampton Wanderers Blake quickly refound his form at First Division Wolves, scoring on his debut against Stockport County, and ending the season with 11 goals. However, he missed out on another promotion as the club suffered a late slump to fall into the play-offs where they lost to Norwich City. The next season saw Blake better his tally, despite suffering a broken foot during a match against Portsmouth in November 2002, as his 12 goals helped the club go one step further as they won the play-offs. Blake himself scored in the 3–0 final win over his former club Sheffield United, held at the Millennium Stadium in his birth city of Cardiff. His final crack at the Premier League was hindered by a year of niggling injuries that kept him sidelined for the majority of the games. He managed just one goal, against Newcastle United, from 13 appearances as the club proved unable to survive. This relegation gave Blake the unenviable distinction of the player suffering the most Premier League relegations with five different seasons ending in the drop, a record that has since been matched by Hermann Hreiðarsson. Blake left the club in acrimonious circumstances, having fallen out of favour, Blake fell out with manager Dave Jones after a proposed move to Portsmouth fell through when Wolves continually raised their asking price for Blake before eventually cancelling the deal. Leicester City Blake was released by Wolves upon their relegation in 2004, after making 85 appearances, scoring 26 times in all competitions. He joined fellow relegated club Leicester City on a one-year contract after having also had a trial at Sunderland. His opportunities here were mostly only as a substitute and he never scored a league goal for the Foxes, but did score once in a League Cup defeat to Preston North End. Failing to make an impact, he was instead loaned out to Leeds United in January 2005, where he managed the final goal of his league career against Coventry City. His loan was cut short by a ruptured hamstring and he returned to Leicester, but did not feature again before being released by the club in June 2005. Newport County His professional career derailed as he was given a six-month suspension in August 2005 for testing positive for a recreational drug. After serving his suspension, he had a trial at Stoke City but decided he was unwilling to commit to playing full-time anymore. Instead, he spent two months playing for non-league Newport County, where he had originally been a trainee, before his deal ended in October 2006. International career Born in Wales and of Jamaican descent, Blake won 29 caps for Wales, scoring four times. He made his debut on 9 March 1994 in a 3–1 friendly loss to Norway, that marked the only game of John Toshack's first spell in charge. He scored his first goal against Moldova in a 3–1 Euro 96 qualifying defeat. Blake refused to play for Wales team manager Bobby Gould after accusing Gould of making a racist comment in training. His other three international goals came against Turkey (August 1997), Norway (October 2000) and Poland (June 2001). He also set the unfortunate record of being the first Welsh player to score an international goal at Wales' Millennium Stadium when he put through his own net against Finland on 29 March 2000. He announced his retirement in September 2004, ten months after playing his final match in the Euro 2004 play-off loss to Russia. Outside football On 27 January 2012, following several race related scandals in the English game, Blake came out to say whilst he was a player he was sent a racially motivated death threat after withdrawing from a Wales squad. Blake won the award for Best Supporting Actor at Film Fest Cymru 2014 for his role in short film The Homing Bird, in which he plays a football coach. He had been nominated the previous year in the same category for his debut role in Say It. In 2014 Blake graduated from the FA-funded Corporate Governance course On Board, aimed at getting more ex-professionals and more diverse backgrounds represented on football boards. In 2015 Blake returned to Newport County for five months as a non-executive Director advising on football decisions, including the appointment of a permanent successor to Justin Edinburgh. He remained at the club until the Supporters Trust took control of the club later in the year. Later that year he became chairman of County in the Community. Blake has been a bit of a figure on the issue of race in football. In May 2020 he voiced his support for footballers Troy Deeney, Raheem Sterling, and Danny Rose who all expressed reluctance to return to training due to the disproportionate threat of COVID-19 to their families. In October 2020, Blake criticised former club Newport County for not taking the knee in their League Two fixture against Tranmere Rovers, despite the town having "probably one of the biggest black populations in Great Britain". County Chairman Gavin Foxall responded by clarifying he thought it had been a decision for "the referee [...] agreed with the two captains", but that the "club is fully behind the campaign". Blake has worked for Wales Online reporting on Cardiff City, BBC Wales, BBC 5 Live, and Sky Sports. In October 2020 he presented a programme on BBC Wales titled Wales' Black Miners. Personal life Blake grew up in the "tough" neighbourhood of Ringland in Newport. He nevertheless states he "would choose my upbringing 100 times out of 100 - it was amazing". He noted the existence of racism in his childhood, such as being called a "n*****" at the age of seven, and not being considered academically capable at school, but praised the community spirit among those growing up on the estate. Before breaking through as a footballer, Blake fell foul of the law and was prosecuted for theft from a fruit machine in London. Following his retirement from professional football in 2006, he set up and runs his own property management company in his native Wales. He is also involved in a football agency and has three children. HonoursBolton Wanderers First Division: 1996–97Wolverhampton Wanderers Football League Championship; 2002–03 play-off winnersCardiff City: Football League Division Three: 1992–93 Welsh Cup: 1990–91, 1991–92Blackburn Rovers' Football League Championship: runner-up 2000–01 References External links 1972 births Welsh men's footballers Black British sportsmen Blackburn Rovers F.C. players Bolton Wanderers F.C. players Welsh sportspeople in doping cases Cardiff City F.C. players Chelsea F.C. players Doping cases in association football Footballers from Cardiff Leeds United F.C. players Leicester City F.C. players Living people Newport County A.F.C. players Premier League players Sheffield United F.C. players English Football League players Wales men's international footballers Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players Men's association football forwards Welsh people of Jamaican descent British sportspeople of Jamaican descent	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan%20Blake
The 2006 European cold wave was an unusual and deadly cold wave which resulted in abnormal winter conditions over much of Europe. Southern Europe saw cold and snow, while places in northern Norway saw abnormally mild conditions. The phenomenon started in early January 2006, in the region of the Polar Urals, with temperatures nosediving below -50°C, and extended to west Russia, then Central Europe where parts of Poland, Slovakia, and Austria saw temperatures drop below -30 °C. The cold wave resulted in the deaths of up to 50 people in Russia, and a significant death toll in Eastern Europe, including Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania. The abnormal conditions gradually abated towards the end of the month. According to Munich Re reinsurance company, it was the deadliest cold snap between 1980 and 2011, causing 790 fatalities throughout Europe. According to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, there were 884 deaths in Ukraine, 135 in Moscow, 13 in Moldova and 5 in Belarus, and over 20,000 cases of frostbite were treated in the region's hospitals. The damage to Russian crops due to severe frost was estimated at $929 million (equivalent to $ billion in ). Temperatures recorded during the cold snap Novyy Urengoy: Yakutsk: Salehard: Vorkuta: Kittilä: Novosibirsk: Omsk: Ufa: Krasnoyarsk: Nur-Sultan: Uhta: Arkhangelsk: Utsjoki: Erzurum: Kazan: Volgograd: Helsinki: Voronezh: Moscow: Tallinn: Rostov na Don: Murmansk: Minsk: Vilnius: Stockholm: Riga: Warsaw: Dnipro: Hoher Sonnblick: Prague: Kyiv: Chişinău: Yerevan: Saalbach-Hinterglemm: Odesa: Longyearbyen: Säntis: Oslo: Dresden: Berlin: Gothenburg: Copenhagen: Oberwald: Glen Coe: Ankara: Bucharest: Braemar: Niederönz: Kremsmünster: Elsenborn: Crupet: Salzburg: Monschau: Brescia: Graz: Vienna: Herning: Paris: Burgas: Vaduz: Pepinster: Innsbruck: Enschede: Wincrange: Tromsø: Goesdorf: Manchester Untereisenbach: Luxembourg City: Basel: Geneva: Zürich: Granada: Leeuwarden: Belfast: Madrid: Birmingham: Sochi: Dublin: London: Cagliari: Corfu: Barcelona: Casablanca: Palermo: Near freezing temperatures were also noted in the Balearic Islands, Western North Africa, and in extreme southern Spain. Tambov took on a record low temperature of on January 19. Village Karajukića Bunari measured on 26 January, setting the minimum temperature record for Serbia. Snow in southern Europe The anticyclone responsible for the cold temperatures brought snow to much of southern Europe. Algiers saw their first snow in over forty years and the snow brought icy and slippery conditions on the roads. A large portion of Greece also saw snow and Athens had a significant snowfall which cut off remote outlying areas, and the island of Limnos also received measurable snow. The Balearic Islands had snow and freezing temperatures which resulted in the closure of the airport on Majorca. On 29 January, snow fell in Lisbon for the first time in 54 years. Snow began falling in the early morning in seaside towns like Figueira da Foz in central Portugal, and the storm reached down to the south to Algarve. Other towns with a record snowfall were Leiria, Santarém, Évora, Setúbal, Portalegre, Sesimbra, Palmela, Fátima, Pombal, Abrantes, Torres Novas and Ourém. Highways and roads were closed, and hundreds of people were evacuated from their vehicles in Montejunto. The storm caused a power-outage in Elvas and other parts of the Alentejo region. In Lisbon, the city government demanded that subway stations remain open overnight, so that homeless people could find shelter. Much of the south remained at , though by midday the north of the country had temperatures of . References Anticyclones Cold waves in Europe 2000s cold waves 2006 meteorology 2006 natural disasters European Cold Wave, 2006 Cold waves in the United Kingdom	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20European%20cold%20wave
Rashid Abdullah Al Nuaimi راشد عبدالله النعيمي is the former foreign minister of the United Arab Emirates. Early life and education Nuaimi is a member of the ruling family of Ajman, Al Nuaimi. He holds a bachelor's degree in petroleum engineering, which he received from the University of Cairo in 1967. Career Nuaimi started his career at the department of oil and industrial affairs in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Then he joined the Emirati ministry of foreign affairs and until 1975, he worked there in various capacities. In 1975, he was named as the director of political affairs department at the foreign ministry. In 1976, he became undersecretary for foreign affairs. He served as the minister of state for foreign affairs from 1977 to 1990. Hamdan bin Zayed succeeded him in the post. In 2018, he received the Order of the Two Niles from Sudan. References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Cairo University alumni Foreign ministers of the United Arab Emirates Emirati diplomats Emirati politicians Government ministers of the United Arab Emirates Emirati engineers Recipients of orders, decorations, and medals of Sudan	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid%20Abdullah%20Al%20Nuaimi
Meghan Christina Agosta (born February 12, 1987) is a Canadian women's ice hockey forward, who last played for the Montreal Stars of the Canadian Women's Hockey League. Agosta plays for the Canada women's national ice hockey team and is a gold (3) and silver medallist at the Winter Olympics of 2006 Turin, 2010 Vancouver, 2014 Sochi, and 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. At the 2010 Winter Olympics, Agosta was named MVP of the Women's Hockey Tournament. She is a multi-medallist at the Women's World Championships with two gold medals and six silvers. During the 2006–07 season at Mercyhurst College in NCAA Division I hockey, Agosta was the first freshman named as a finalist for the Patty Kazmaier Award. She was also named a First Team All-American and unanimously chosen for CHA Player of the Year. Agosta led the 2008–09 Mercyhurst Lakers to the finals of the NCAA women's hockey championship and as captain that season, earned numerous accolades, including being selected as a 2009 First Team All-American, a Patty Kazmaier Award Final Three, College Hockey America Player of the Year, the CHA Three-Star Player of the Year, to the CHA All-Tournament Team, and to the Frozen Four All-Tournament Team. Hockey career Minor Agosta switched from figure skating to hockey at age 6. As a teenager, Agosta participated in AAA boys hockey with the Chatham-Kent Cyclones. With the Cyclones, Agosta was part of Alliance Championship teams. She later competed for the AA Windsor Wildcats of the Ontario Provincial Women's Hockey League. At the 2003 Canada Winter Games, her goal clinched the win for Team Ontario. A teammates was Haley Irwin. She was a gold medallist for Team Ontario Red at the National Under 18 championships in 2005. Agosta is an accomplished inline hockey player. She was a gold medallist for Canada at the 2004 World Inline Hockey Championship. College Agosta distinguished herself as at Mercyhurst College when a freshman in NCAA Division I hockey during the 2006–07 season. She became the first freshman ever to make the final three for the Patty Kazmaier Award. She was also a First Team All-American and a unanimous choice for CHA Player of the Year. She helped lead Mercyhurst to the NCAA quarterfinals and to its inaugural No. 1 national ranking. During the 2007–08 season, Agosta tied Krissy Wendell's one season record of 7 shorthanded goals. In the 2008–09 season, Agosta would tie Wendell's career mark of 16 shorthanded goals. She led the 2008–09 Mercyhurst Lakers women's ice hockey team to the finals of the NCAA women's hockey championship. She was captain of the Lakers that season, as she earned numerous accolades. These included being selected as a 2009 First Team All-American, a Patty Kazmaier Award Final Three, College Hockey America Player of the Year, CHA Three-Star Player of the Year, CHA All-Tournament Team, and the Frozen Four All-Tournament Team. For the month of October 2010 (her first month back to the NCAA), Agosta scored 10 goals and had 19 points. On January 21 and 22, Agosta recorded five points on two goals and three assists in a two-game sweep of Robert Morris. On January 21, she scored a goal and dished out two assists in a 6–3 win. The next day, she scored her 26th of the season while the Lakers were short-handed, and added an assist. On February 4, 2011, Meghan Agosta became the all-time leading scorer in NCAA women's hockey history with three goals and one assist in Mercyhurst College's 6–2 win over Wayne State. Wayne State goalie DeLayne Brian was the goaltender in net when Agosta broke the record. Agosta's four points gave her 286 career points, one more than ex-Harvard forward Julie Chiu's record of 285 set in 2006–07. Agosta, who also owns the record for most short-handed goals and game-winning goals, added three assists in the Lakers' 3–1 win over Wayne State on February 5. On February 25, 2011, Agosta scored her 151st career goal to become all-time leading goal scorer in NCAA history. She accomplished this in a 6–2 victory over the Robert Morris Colonials women's ice hockey program at the Mercyhurst Ice Center. She surpassed Harvard's Nicole Corriero, who set the record at 150 during the 2004–05 season. The goal was scored on the power play at 15:18 of the second period with the assist going to Bailey Bram. She later added her 152nd goal in the third period. Agosta was featured in Sports Illustrated's Faces in the Crowd feature in the February 21, 2011 issue (as recognition of becoming the all-time NCAA scorer). In 2011, Agosta was named CHA Player of the Year as well as a First Team All-CHA selection, marking the fourth time in her career she captured both accolades. On March 5, 2011, Agosta scored three goals in the CHA championship game. With the hat trick, she topped 300 points for her NCAA career as the Lakers defeated Syracuse 5–4 and captured its ninth straight College Hockey America title. On March 12, 2011, Agosta scored two goals in her final NCAA game, in what would be a 4–2 loss to the Boston university Terriers in the NCAA regional playoffs. CWHL In the 2011–12 season, Stars forward Agosta won the Angela James Bowl while breaking the league's single-season scoring record. Her 80 points (41 goals and 39 assists) broke the previous record of 69 points held by Jayna Hefford. By winning the 2012 Clarkson Cup, she became an unofficial member of the Triple Gold Club (the accomplishment by women is not yet officially recognized by the IIHF), as she became one of only five women to win the Clarkson Cup, a gold medal in Winter Olympics, and a gold medal at the IIHF World Women's Championships. She joined Caroline Ouellette, Jenny Potter, Kim St-Pierre, and Sarah Vaillancourt. In the 2012–13 season, Agosta became the first two-winner of the Angela James Bowl. International play Agosta was named to the 2018 Winter Olympics roster for Canada. At the Olympics, she won a silver medal after a 6-round shootout loss to the United States. Agosta was named to the 2014 Olympic roster for Canada. At the 2014 Winter Olympic Games, Meghan won her 3rd consecutive Olympic gold medal in a thrilling championship game with Canada scoring twice in the final 3 minutes to force overtime and then winning the game on a power play goal from Marie-Philip Poulin. With a little over two minutes left in the third period of the 2012 IIHF Women's World Championship, Agosta scored to tie the game at 4–4. She would assist on the game winner in overtime. In the second game of the 2011 IIHF Eight Nations Tournament, Agosta registered a hat trick and added two assists in a 14–1 triumph over Russia. On August 31, 2011, Agosta scored a hat trick as Canada lost for just the second time in 66 all-time international meetings against Sweden by a 6–4 mark. On February 17, 2010, Agosta scored a record third Olympic hat-trick in the match against Sweden to move on to eight goals in this tournament, equalling Danielle Goyette's record for most goals in one Olympic tournament, set in 1998. Agosta went on to score 9 goals and 6 assists and two penalty minutes while helping Canada to a gold medal in the Vancouver Olympics. She was named tournament MVP at 2010 Winter Olympic Games. On her 19th birthday, during the 2006 Winter Olympic Games in Turin, she scored a hat trick for Team Canada against the Russian national women's ice hockey team. She was the youngest member of Canada's gold medal-winning team in Turin. 2006 Winter Olympic Games In August 2004, she moved to Calgary to train with the national team. Agosta was an alternate for the team that finished second at the 2005 women's world championship in April. She played for the national team for the first time in August 2005 at the Four Nations Cup, and was one of the leading scorers during the exhibition phase prior to the Winter Olympics. Personal life Agosta grew up in an Italian household, in Ruthven, Ontario; a community of the town of Kingsville. She represented Canada at the 2006 World Inline Hockey Championship in Taylor, Michigan. She earned an assist in the gold medal game in a loss to the United States. Her parents' names are Nino and Char. She has three siblings, Kara, Jeric and Jade. Her brother Jeric received a full scholarship to play hockey at the University of Nebraska Omaha. She majored in criminal justice at Mercyhurst. On August 31, 2012, Agosta married Marco Marciano, the Canadian national women's team goaltending and video coach. Marciano is also the goaltending coach of the Blainville-Boisbriand Armada of the QMJHL. Agosta separated from Marciano in the fall of 2014 and changed her name back to Agosta shortly thereafter. In fall 2014, Agosta took a break from hockey and joined the Vancouver Police Department as a probationary constable. Agosta graduated from the Vancouver Police Department Police Academy in May 2015. Agosta took a year leave from the Vancouver Police Department to train and play with the Canadian national team. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International Awards and honours IIHF Vancouver 2010 Olympics, Media All-Star Team Vancouver 2010 Olympics, Directorate Award, Best Forward Vancouver 2010 Olympics, Most Valuable Player, Women's Hockey Tournament CWHL CWHL Most Valuable Player, 2011–12 Angela James Bowl, 2011–12 and 2012–13 CWHL First All-Star Team, 2011–12 and 2012–13 CWHL All-Rookie Team, 2011–12 NCAA College Hockey America, Player of the Month, October 2010 College Hockey America, Player of the Month, January 2011 CHA Player of the Year (2007–2009, 2011) First Team All-CHA selection (2007–2009, 2011) 2011 CHA Tournament Most Valuable Player 2011 First Team All-America selection Finalist, Patty Kazmaier Memorial Award (2007, 2008, 2009, 2011) Other Finalist for the Women's Sports Foundation's 2010 Sportswoman of the Year Team Award 2011 Top collegiate female athlete, 47th Annual Erie Charity Sports Banquet See also 2006–07 Mercyhurst Lakers women's ice hockey season 2007–08 Mercyhurst Lakers women's ice hockey season 2008–09 Mercyhurst Lakers women's ice hockey season 2010–11 Mercyhurst Lakers women's ice hockey season Ice hockey at the 2006 Winter Olympics Ice hockey at the 2010 Winter Olympics Ice hockey at the 2014 Winter Olympics References External links 1987 births Canadian sportspeople of Italian descent Canadian women's ice hockey forwards Clarkson Cup champions Canadian women's national inline hockey team players Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 2014 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 2018 Winter Olympics Living people Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics Mercyhurst Lakers women's ice hockey players Les Canadiennes de Montreal players Olympic gold medalists for Canada Olympic silver medalists for Canada Olympic ice hockey players for Canada Olympic medalists in ice hockey Ice hockey people from Windsor, Ontario Canadian women police officers	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghan%20Agosta
Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (; born 30 April 1972) is the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the United Arab Emirates. He is a son of the founder of the United Arab Emirates, Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan. In 2020, he was a signatory of the Abraham Accords on behalf of the UAE. Personal life Abdullah bin Zayed was born in Abu Dhabi on 30 April 1972. He holds a degree in political science from UAE University. He is married to Sheikha Alyazia bint Saif Al Nahyan, who became an FAO Goodwill Ambassador extraordinary in 2010, and has five children: Fatima, Mohammad, Zayed, Saif and Theyab. Career Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the United Arab Emirates on 9 February 2006. In 2017, leaked emails highlighted that Abdullah bin Zayed maintained close contacts with Tony Blair, who was being funded by the UAE as the Middle East peace envoy. Blair held a number of official meetings with the UAE Foreign Minister. The emails also revealed that Abdullah bin Zayed was one of the UAE royals who bankrolled the envoy. In 2011, Sheikh Abdullah's office separately sent $2 million to Blair through Windrush Ventures, which channeled money for Tony Blair's commercial advisory work. The UAE Foreign Ministry also transferred $12 million to Windrush for Blair consultancy work in Colombia, Vietnam and Mongolia. In August 2017, Sheikh Abdullah urged Iran and Turkey to end what the UAE called their "colonial" actions in Syria, signaling unease about diminishing Gulf Arab influence in the war, and calling "the exit of those parties trying to reduce the sovereignty of the Syrian state." He added that "if Iran and Turkey continue the same historical, colonial and competitive behavior and perspectives between them in Arab affairs, we will continue in this situation not just in Syria today but tomorrow in some other country." On 14 February 2019, Sheikh Abdullah said that Israel was justified in attacking Iranian targets in Syria. On 15 September 2020, Sheikh Abdullah signed the official Israel–United Arab Emirates peace agreement in a ceremony at the White House in Washington, D.C., US. In February 2022, the UAE abstained in a UN Security Council vote to condemn Russia for invading Ukraine. Sheikh Abdullah had a call with US Secretary of State Antony Blinken prior to the UN Security Council vote. In the phone call, Blinken spoke of the "importance of building a strong international response to support Ukrainian sovereignty through the UN Security Council." The Emirati readout of the phone call did not include Blinken's statement. Other roles Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed is a member of the UAE's National Security Council, Deputy Chairman of the UAE's Permanent Committee on Borders, Chairman of the National Media Council, chairman of the Board of Directors of the Emirates Foundation for Youth Development, Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development (ADFD) and Board Member of the National Defense College. Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed served as Minister of Information and Culture from 1997 to 2006. Previously, he served as Chairman of Emirates Media Incorporated, Chairman of the UAE Football Association (1993–2001), and as the Under Secretary of the Ministry of Information and Culture from 1995 to 1997. Honours : Order of Skanderbeg (decorated by President of Albania Bujar Nishani on 13 March 2016). : Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George. Ancestry See also List of foreign ministers in 2017 List of current foreign ministers References External links Abdullah bin Zayed Children of presidents of the United Arab Emirates Emirati politicians Foreign ministers of the United Arab Emirates Culture ministers of the United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates University alumni 1972 births Living people Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George Sons of monarchs	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah%20bin%20Zayed%20Al%20Nahyan
The Dagliç is a breed of sheep found primarily in western Anatolia in Turkey. They are a carpet wool breed used for both meat and dairy production. Sheep of this breed typically have black spots on the head and legs. The rams are usually horned and the ewes are polled. The breed is thought by some to be the origin of the Chios and Kamakuyruk breeds. Characteristics This breed of sheep has been adapted to live in steppe climate. They are unicolored with a white body and black spots on head and legs. Dagliç sheep have a short-fat tail. Live birth is 80 - 90% and twinning is rare (1 - 2%). Average weight gain is approximately per day. At maturity, ewes grow to approximately at the withers and weigh . Lactation yields about of milk and lasts for about 140 – 179 days. References Sheep breeds Sheep breeds originating in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagli%C3%A7%20sheep
Jennifer Botterill, (born May 1, 1979) is a Canadian former women's hockey player and current hockey broadcast television analyst who played for Harvard University, the Canadian national team, the Mississauga Chiefs, and the Toronto Aeros. She entered the ice hockey world after starting in the sport of ringette. During her ice hockey career as a player, Botterill assisted on the game-winning goal in her final international game, Canada's 2–0 win over the United States for the gold medal in the 2010 Winter Olympics. She serves as a studio analyst for Sportsnet and Hockey Night in Canada telecasts in Canada and as a color commentator and studio analyst for TNT in the United States. Playing career Botterill was born to Doreen McCannell and Cal Botterill. Her mother, Doreen, competed in the 1964 and 1968 Winter Olympics for Canada in speed skating. Her father, Cal, is a sports psychologist who has advised NHL teams and works with Canadian Olympic athletes. Botterill's brother, Jason Botterill, played hockey and managed the Buffalo Sabres. In high school, she attended the National Sport School (Canada). Botterill graduated from Harvard University in 2003 with a B.A. Psychology (with Honors). On May 5, 2012, she married hockey coach Adrian Lomonaco, and is a coach at Toronto Hockey School Journey To Excel. Ringette Botterill grew up playing ringette in Canada. As a teenager she competed in the sport for Team Manitoba in Grande Prairie, Alberta, at the 1995 Canada Winter Games, a national multi-sport competition for elite, Canadian amateur athletes. Collegiate Botterill attended Harvard University and played for the Harvard Crimson women's ice hockey program from 1998 to 2003. Harvard and several media outlets recognize Botterill as U.S. college ice hockey's career scoring leader (149 goals, 170 assists, 319 points). The NCAA does not recognize her record because women's hockey was not an NCAA-sanctioned sport in Botterill's first two college seasons. She scored at least one point in 112 of her 113 career college games (including a streak of 80 consecutive games). She was the first player to win the Patty Kazmaier Award twice as the top player in U.S. women's college hockey. Botterill set an NCAA record (since tied) for most points in one game with 10. This was accomplished on January 28, 2003 versus Boston College. Canadian Women's Hockey League Botterill played for the Mississauga Chiefs and Toronto Furies of the Canadian Women's Hockey League. In 2007–08, she won the Angela James Bowl after winning the league scoring title with 61 points. She was voted the CWHL Top Forward and a CWHL Central All-Star; she won CWHL Top Scorer of the Month honours in February. In 2008-09, she was a CWHL First Team All-Star. Botterill retired after the 2010-11 season. Her final game was the 2011 Clarkson Cup final, a 5–0 loss to the Montreal Stars. Despite playing just three seasons in the four-year-old CWHL, she retired as the league's second-best scorer with 160 points (in 79 games from 2007-08 to 2010-11). After winning the Angela James Bowl in 2007-08, she finished third in the league scoring race in both 2008-09 and 2010-11. International She won the silver medal in the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano in 1998 as the youngest player on the Canadian team. Later, she won the gold medal in the 2002 games in Salt Lake City, Utah, at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, and at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, playing forward. Botterill announced her retirement, on March 14, 2011. Her last appearance with Team Canada was on February 25, 2010 at the 2010 Olympic Games in Vancouver. Her final point was also on February 25 when, she assisted Marie-Philip Poulin on the gold medal-winning goal. World Championship biography 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2007 World Champion 2005, 2008, 2009 Silver Medallist Career statistics Career statistics are from USCHO.com, or Eliteprospects.com or the Team Canada Media Guide for 2009-10. Regular season and playoffs International Awards and honours Angela James Bowl, 2007–08 CWHL Top Forward, 2007–08 CWHL First All-Star Team, 2008–09 CWHL Central All-Stars, 2007–08 Accomplishments and notes 2006 Order of Manitoba 2001–02 and 2002–03 Winner of the Patty Kazmaier Award for the top female college ice hockey player in the United States. Only two-time winner of the Award 2001 Female Athlete of the Year Award – Awarded by the Province of Manitoba (Botterill's mother, Doreen McCannell won the same award 36 years before) 1999 American Women's College Hockey Alliance Women's Ice Hockey Champion 1999 American Women's College Hockey Alliance All-Americans, First Team References External links Jennifer Botterill biography at Canoe.com "Toronto Aeros Win Hockey Nationals", Canadian Association for the Advancement of Women and Sport and Physical Activity, March 13, 2005. 1979 births Living people Angela James Bowl winners Canadian expatriates in the United States Canadian women's ice hockey forwards Harvard Crimson women's ice hockey players Ice hockey people from Ottawa Ice hockey people from Winnipeg Ice hockey players at the 1998 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics Members of the Order of Manitoba Mississauga Chiefs players Olympic gold medalists for Canada Olympic ice hockey players for Canada Olympic medalists in ice hockey Olympic silver medalists for Canada Patty Kazmaier Award winners Toronto Furies players Ringette players	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer%20Botterill
Tim or Timothy Walsh may refer to: Tim Walsh (American football) (born 1954), American football coach Tim Walsh (footballer) (born 1985), Australian rules footballer Tim Walsh (game inventor) (born 1964), American game inventor and writer Tim Walsh (musician) (born 1975), indie rock singer, songwriter, and producer Tim Walsh (rugby union) (born 1979), Australian rugby union coach and former captain of Newbury R.F.C. B. Timothy Walsh, professor of pediatric psychopharmacology Timothy Walsh (architect), American architect	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Walsh
Motion, the process of movement, is described using specific anatomical terms. Motion includes movement of organs, joints, limbs, and specific sections of the body. The terminology used describes this motion according to its direction relative to the anatomical position of the body parts involved. Anatomists and others use a unified set of terms to describe most of the movements, although other, more specialized terms are necessary for describing unique movements such as those of the hands, feet, and eyes. In general, motion is classified according to the anatomical plane it occurs in. Flexion and extension are examples of angular motions, in which two axes of a joint are brought closer together or moved further apart. Rotational motion may occur at other joints, for example the shoulder, and are described as internal or external. Other terms, such as elevation and depression, describe movement above or below the horizontal plane. Many anatomical terms derive from Latin terms with the same meaning. Classification Motions are classified after the anatomical planes they occur in, although movement is more often than not a combination of different motions occurring simultaneously in several planes. Motions can be split into categories relating to the nature of the joints involved: Gliding motions occur between flat surfaces, such as in the intervertebral discs or between the carpal bones of the wrist, and the metacarpal bones of the hand. Angular motions occur over synovial joints and causes them to either increase or decrease angles between bones. Rotational motions move a structure in a rotational motion along a longitudinal axis, such as turning the head to look to either side. Apart from this motions can also be divided into: Linear motions (or translatory motions), which move in a line between two points. Rectilinear motion is motion in a straight line between two points, whereas curvilinear motion is motion following a curved path. Angular motions (or rotary motions) occur when an object is around another object increasing or decreasing the angle. The different parts of the object do not move the same distance. Examples include a movement of the knee, where the lower leg changes angle compared to the femur, or movements of the ankle. The study of movement in the human body is known as kinesiology. A categoric list of movements and the muscles involved can be found at list of movements of the human body. Abnormal motion The prefix hyper- is sometimes added to describe movement beyond the normal limits, such as in hypermobility, hyperflexion or hyperextension. The range of motion describes the total range of motion that a joint is able to do. For example, if a part of the body such as a joint is overstretched or "bent backwards" because of exaggerated extension motion, then it can be described as hyperextended. Hyperextension increases the stress on the ligaments of a joint, and is not always because of a voluntary movement. It may be a result of accidents, falls, or other causes of trauma. It may also be used in surgery, such as in temporarily dislocating joints for surgical procedures. Or it may be used as a pain compliance method to force a person to take a certain action, such as allowing a police officer to take him into custody. General motion These are general terms that can be used to describe most movements the body makes. Most terms have a clear opposite, and so are treated in pairs. Flexion and extension Flexion and extension are movements that affect the angle between two parts of the body. These terms come from the Latin words with the same meaning. Flexion is a bending movement that decreases the angle between a segment and its proximal segment. For example, bending the elbow, or clenching a hand into a fist, are examples of flexion. When a person is sitting down, the knees are flexed. When a joint can move forward and backward, such as the neck and trunk, flexion is movement in the anterior direction. When the chin is against the chest, the neck is flexed, and the trunk is flexed when a person leans forward. Flexion of the shoulder or hip is movement of the arm or leg forward. Extension is the opposite of flexion, a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts. For example, when standing up, the knees are extended. When a joint can move forward and backward, such as the neck and trunk, extension is movement in the posterior direction. Extension of the hip or shoulder moves the arm or leg backward. Even for other upper extremity joints - elbow and wrist, backward movement results in extension. The knee, ankle, and wrist are exceptions, where the distal end has to move in the anterior direction for it to be called extension. For the toes, flexion is curling them downward whereas extension is uncurling them or raising them. Abduction and adduction Abduction is the motion of a structure away from the midline while adduction is motion towards the center of the body. The center of the body is defined as the midsagittal or longitudinal plane. These terms come from Latin words with similar meanings, ab- being the Latin prefix indicating "away," ad- indicating "toward," and ducere meaning "to draw or pull". Abduction is a motion that pulls a structure or part away from the midline of the body, carried out by one or more abductor muscles. In the case of fingers and toes, it is spreading the digits apart, away from the centerline of the hand or foot. For example, raising the arms up, such as when tightrope-walking, is an example of abduction at the shoulder. When the legs are splayed at the hip, such as when doing a star jump or doing a split, the legs are abducted at the hip. Adduction is a motion that pulls a structure or part towards the midline of the body, or towards the midline of a limb, carried out by one or more adductor muscles. In the case of fingers and toes, it is bringing the digits together, towards the centerline of the hand or foot. Dropping the arms to the sides, and bringing the knees together, are examples of adduction. Adduction of the wrist is also known as ulnar deviation which moves the hand towards the ulnar styloid (or, towards the little finger). Abduction of the wrist is also called radial deviation which moves the hand moving towards the radial styloid (or, towards the thumb). Elevation and depression Elevation and depression are movements above and below the horizontal. The words derive from the Latin terms with similar meanings. Elevation is movement in a superior direction. For example, shrugging is an example of elevation of the scapula. Depression is movement in an inferior direction, the opposite of elevation. Rotation Rotation of body parts may be internal or external, that is, towards or away from the center of the body. Internal rotation (medial rotation or intorsion) is rotation towards the axis of the body, carried out by internal rotators. External rotation (lateral rotation or extorsion) is rotation away from the center of the body, carried out by external rotators. Internal and external rotators make up the rotator cuff, a group of muscles that help to stabilize the shoulder joint. Other Anterograde and retrograde flow refer to movement of blood or other fluids in a normal (anterograde) or abnormal (retrograde) direction. Circumduction is a conical movement of a body part, such as a ball and socket joint or the eye. Circumduction is a combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction. Circumduction can be best performed at ball and socket joints, such as the hip and shoulder, but may also be performed by other parts of the body such as fingers, hands, feet, and head. For example, circumduction occurs when spinning the arm when performing a serve in tennis or bowling a cricket ball. Reduction is a motion returning a bone to its original state, such as a shoulder reduction following shoulder dislocation, or reduction of a hernia. Special motion Hands and feet Flexion and extension of the foot Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion refer to extension or flexion of the foot at the ankle. These terms refer to flexion in direction of the "back" of the foot, which is the upper surface of the foot when standing, and flexion in direction of the sole of the foot. These terms are used to resolve confusion, as technically extension of the joint is dorsiflexion, which could be considered counter-intuitive as the motion reduces the angle between the foot and the leg. Dorsiflexion is where the toes are brought closer to the shin. This decreases the angle between the dorsum of the foot and the leg. For example, when walking on the heels the ankle is described as being in dorsiflexion. Plantar flexion or plantarflexion is the movement which decreases the angle between the sole of the foot and the back of the leg; for example, the movement when depressing a car pedal or standing on tiptoes. Flexion and extension of the hand Palmarflexion and dorsiflexion refer to movement of the flexion (palmarflexion) or extension (dorsiflexion) of the hand at the wrist. These terms refer to flexion between the hand and the body's dorsal surface, which in anatomical position is considered the back of the arm; and flexion between the hand and the body's palmar surface, which in anatomical position is considered the anterior side of the arm. The direction of terms are opposite to those in the foot because of embryological rotation of the limbs in opposite directions. Palmarflexion is flexion of the wrist towards the palm and ventral side of forearm. Dorsiflexion is hyperextension of the wrist joint, towards the dorsal side of forearm. Pronation and supination Pronation and supination refer generally to the prone (facing down) or supine (facing up) positions. In the extremities, they are the rotation of the forearm or foot so that in the standard anatomical position the palm or sole is facing anteriorly when in supination and posteriorly when in pronation. As an example, when a person is typing on a computer keyboard, their hands are pronated; when washing their face, they are supinated. Pronation at the forearm is a rotational movement where the hand and upper arm are turned so the thumbs point towards the body. When the forearm and hand are supinated, the thumbs point away from the body. Pronation of the foot is turning of the sole outwards, so that weight is borne on the medial part of the foot. Supination of the forearm occurs when the forearm or palm are rotated outwards. Supination of the foot is turning of the sole of the foot inwards, shifting weight to the lateral edge. Inversion and eversion Inversion and eversion are movements that tilt the sole of the foot away from (eversion) or towards (inversion) the midline of the body. Eversion is the movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane. Inversion is the movement of the sole towards the median plane. For example, inversion describes the motion when an ankle is twisted. Eyes Unique terminology is also used to describe the eye. For example: A version is an eye movement involving both eyes moving synchronously and symmetrically in the same direction. Torsion is eye movement that affects the vertical axis of the eye, such as the movement made when looking in to the nose. Jaw and teeth Occlusion is motion of the mandibula towards the maxilla making contact between the teeth. Protrusion and retrusion are sometimes used to describe the anterior (protrusion) and posterior (retrusion) movement of the jaw. Other Other terms include: Nutation and counternutation are movement of the sacrum defined by the rotation of the promontory downwards and anteriorly, as with lumbar extension (nutation); or upwards and posteriorly, as with lumbar flexion (counternutation). Opposition is the movement that involves grasping of the thumb and fingers. Protraction and Retraction is an anterior (protraction) or posterior (retraction) movement, such as of the arm at the shoulders, although these terms have been criticised as non-specific. Reciprocal motion is alternating motions in opposing directions. Reposition is restoring an object to its natural condition. See also Anatomical terms of location Anatomical terms of muscle Anatomical terms of bone Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy Notes References Sources External links Hypermuscle: Muscles in Action at med.umich.edu	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical%20terms%20of%20motion
Tricia Pursley is a retired American actress. The Saint Petersburg, Florida-born actress is best known as Devon Shepherd McFadden, daughter of Ellen Shepherd (Kathleen Noone), on All My Children. Pursley played the role from 1977 to 1981, and again from 1983 to 1984. After being written off All My Children, she taped a primetime pilot "Love Long Distance" for Procter and Gamble productions. She has since retired from acting and is operating a nursery business started by her father in Florida. She is a 1970 graduate of Northeast High School in St. Petersburg. She is also a graduate of Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky (1974). She went on to study at the Juilliard School in New York. References 1950s births Living people American soap opera actresses Actresses from Florida Date of birth missing (living people) 20th-century American actresses	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricia%20Pursley
Jaras may refer to: Járás, a type of administrative subdivision of Hungary equivalent to district Jaras TV, Al Jaras TV, a TV station of Lebanon Al Jaras, a magazine, Lebanon Jerash, Jaras was an old name for this Jordanian village , Lithuanian stage and TV actor and stage director	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaras
Jayna Hefford (born May 14, 1977) is a Canadian retired ice hockey player and current chairperson of the Professional Women's Hockey Players Association. Hefford got her start in the sport of ringette but soon moved into ice hockey. During her hockey career, she won multiple medals at the Winter Olympics and IIHF World Women's Championships as well as titles in the National Women's Hockey League and Canadian Women's Hockey League. She helped Canada win four-straight Olympic gold medals from 2002 to 2014 and famously scored the gold medal-winning goal at the 2002 Winter Olympics. At the club level across three leagues, she scored 439 goals in 418 competitive games including a CWHL record 44 goals in 2008–09. She was selected to be inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame on June 26, 2018. On July 19, 2018, Hefford was named interim commissioner of the Canadian Women's Hockey League. She was named a 2019 Order of Hockey in Canada recipient. Hefford was born in Trenton, Ontario. She previously played for the Mississauga Chiefs and Brampton Thunder. Playing career At the 1994 national under-18 championship, Hefford was part of the gold medal-winning Ontario team. In 1995, Hefford participated with the Ottawa Regional Select Team in a series against the U.S. National Under-18 Team. Hefford was the captain of Team Ontario at the 1995 Canada Winter Games. U of T Varsity Blues Hefford played for the Toronto Varsity Blues women's ice hockey program, which represented the University of Toronto. In the 1997 OWIAA semifinal, Hefford was part of the Varsity Blues squad which defeated the Guelph Gryphons by a 4–1 tally. In that game, Hefford accumulated three helpers. In the 1997 OWIAA gold medal game, scored 23 seconds into overtime and she believed that the goal clinched the gold medal for the Blues. A little-known rule denied Hefford and her teammates the Blues second consecutive title. OWIAA league rules indicated that the first five-minute overtime session in a playoff game must be played in its entirety (as a regular period). It was advised that the game would continue after Hefford's goal and York won the game in the second overtime. Hefford joined former University of Toronto student-athlete Heather Moyse as the only University of Toronto graduates to claim a gold medal at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Games. She is currently an assistant coach with her former team. Hockey Canada At the 2010 Olympics in Vancouver, Hefford ranked second on Team Canada with 12 points (5 goals, 7 assists) in 5 games on the way to her fourth medal (third gold). In the 2006 tournament, Hefford scored three goals and added four assists to finish third on the team in scoring and Canada again won the gold medal. It was her second gold medal while participating in her third Olympics. She also won a silver medal with the Canadian team at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. In the 2002 Olympics in Salt Lake City, Hefford scored the game-winning goal in the gold medal game against Team USA with four seconds remaining in the second period. Hefford won the gold in six World Championships – 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004 and 2007. In 1999 and 2000, Hefford was Team Canada's leading scorer. Her two third period goals in the 2000 championship game pushed the contest into overtime, allowing Canada the opportunity to win. At the 2005 Esso National Women's Championships, she was named the Best Forward for Group A. On January 1, 2010, in Ottawa, Ontario, she was honoured before a game versus Team USA for reaching the 200-game plateau in her Team Canada career in November. She would go on to score the lone shootout goal later that night. In the first game of the 2011 IIHF Eight Nations Tournament, Hefford registered a hat trick in a 16–0 victory over Switzerland. In the third game of the tournament, she scored two goals in an 11–0 shutout over Slovakia. In an exhibition game versus the United States on August 29, 2011, Hefford scored a power play goal, and then scored twice in the shootout as Canada defeated the United States by a 4–3 tally. In a game versus Russia at the 2012 IIHF Women's World Championship, Hefford registered a four-point performance (two goals, two assists) in a 14–1 victory. Hefford again played for Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics, earning her fourth gold medal. After 17 years, four Olympic gold medals and multiple world championships, she retired from the national women's team at age 38, after sitting out the 2014–2015 season. She stands second only to Hayley Wickenheiser in all-time games played (267), goals (157) and points (291) for Canada. The pair are the only two Canadian women to have played in all five Olympic women's hockey tournaments starting in 1998, winning four gold and one silver medal. They are among only five athletes (with teammate Caroline Ouellette) to win gold in four consecutive Winter Games. Hefford also appeared in 12 of 16 women's world hockey championships earning seven gold medals. Club hockey Jayna Hefford made her senior competitive debut with the Mississauga Chiefs in 1996–97, scoring 32 goals in 30 games and winning Rookie of the Year honours in the Central Ontario Women's Hockey League. After spending the 1997–98 season with Canada, she joined the newly formed Brampton Thunder for the 1998–99 season and finished second in the league with 34 goals scored in just 27 games (with the league renamed the National Women's Hockey League midway through the season). After scoring 25 goals in 1999–2000, she won her first goal-scoring title in 2000–01 with 36 goals. She also led the league in scoring with 69 points. After spending the 2001–02 season with Canada, she returned to the Thunder and scored 37 goals in 2002–03, an NWHL record 41 goals in 2003–04, and 39 goals in 2004–05. She was the NWHL's Player of the Year in 2004–05. She then spent the 2005–06 season with Canada, winning her third-straight Olympic gold medal. In 2006–07, Hefford eclipsed the 40-goal plateau for the second time in her NWHL career, also leading the league with a career-best 70 points. In the playoffs, she helped the Thunder win the NWHL playoff championship. In 2007–08, she led the new Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL) with 26 goals in 27 games for the Brampton Canadettes Thunder. She was named the CWHL's Most Valuable Player of the 2007–08 CWHL season, an award voted on by the league's six team captains. In addition, she was also a CWHL Central All-Star. Despite winning CWHL Top Scorer of the Month honours on four separate occasions (September, November, December, January), she lost the Angela James Bowl scoring race by three points to Jennifer Botterill's 61 points. It marked the first time since 1999–2000 that in a year when Hefford played a full season, she did not win her league scoring race. In the playoffs, Hefford helped Brampton win the first CWHL championship. In 2008–09, she won the Angela James Bowl after scoring 69 points in 28 games. She set new league records with 69 points, 44 goals, 11 power-play goals, six shorthanded goals and seven hat tricks. She is the first player in the Canadian Women's Hockey League to record 100 career points. She recorded the record-setting point milestone on January 17, 2009, in a win over the Montreal Stars. In 2009–10, she was absent from the Brampton Thunder for most of the season due to the centralization of Canada's women's hockey Olympic team. After Canada's win in Vancouver, she returned to participate in the Clarkson Cup and had a goal and an assist in Brampton's semi-final win over the Montreal Stars. Brampton lost to the Minnesota Whitecaps in the final. On January 18, 2011, the Thunder competed against the Montreal Stars at the Invista Centre in Kingston, Ontario. This is team captain Jayna Hefford's hometown and she scored a goal in front of her closest friends, family and fans. In addition, her number 15 was raised to the rafters of the Invista Centre on behalf of the Kingston Area Minor Hockey Association. As of 2012, no sweaters bearing Hefford's number will be used in Kingston minor hockey. Hefford scored 439 goals in 418 games in the COWHL, NWHL, and CWHL. She was the NWHL's all-time leading goalscorer with 252 goals from 1998–99 to 2006–07. In a seven-year stretch from 2000–01 to 2006–07, she won or co-won five NWHL scoring titles and won five NWHL goal-scoring titles. The only years in which she did not win were 2001–02 and 2005–06, the two years in which she missed most of the club campaign because she was away winning a gold medal with Canada's Olympic team. Hefford also retired as the CWHL's all-time leader in goals (130) and points (234), although both records have since been broken. In 2017, she was named to the All-Time CWHL Team from the league's first decade. Post-playing career In 2016, the CWHL introduced the Jayna Hefford Trophy in her honour. Awarded to the most outstanding player in the regular season as judged by the players of the CWHL, the first winner of the Trophy was Marie-Philip Poulin, a former teammate of Hefford at the 2010 and 2014 Winter Games. Heading into the 2018–19 CWHL season, Hefford was appointed to the position of interim commissioner of the CWHL. Announced on July 19, 2018, replacing inaugural commissioner Brenda Andress, Hefford took on the role on August 1, 2018. A week after the 2019 Clarkson Cup Final, the CWHL announced that it was no longer viable, and would be closing down on May 1, 2019. The Professional Women's Hockey Players Association (PWHPA) was formed from the fall out, and the player members asked Hefford to be the Operations Consultant of the Association. Personal Hefford was raised by her parents Larry and Sandra along with her brother Mike; she calls Kingston, Ontario her home town. She began playing hockey around the age of six. Hefford is mother to two daughters, Isla and Arwen, and a son, Lachlan, with her partner, former Team USA Olympian and Canadian Women's Hockey League co-founder Kathleen Kauth. Both have also served on the coaching staff for the University of Toronto Varsity Blues women's ice hockey program under head coach Vicky Sunohara. Hefford is a national spokesperson for the Canadian Hockey Association's Initiation Programme. In 2009, she set up a charity golf tournament, the Jayna Hefford Links 4 Life Golf Classic, in July 2009. The tournament raised $15,000 for the cancer and palliative care undertaken at Kingston's university hospitals. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International Awards and honours 1996–97 OWIAA Rookie of the Year Top scorer in the OWIAA (1996–97) Angela James Bowl, 2008–09 CWHL Most Valuable Player, 2007–08 CWHL Top Forward, 2008–09 CWHL First All-Star Team, 2008–09 CWHL Central All-Stars, 2007–08 1996/97 Ontario Women's Intercollegiate Athletic Association Rookie of the Year, as well as the 1998 Kingston and Ontario Amateur Athlete of the Year. Recognized at the 1999 and 2000 World Championships as the tournament's top goal scorer and scored at least one point in every game at the 2000 event in Canada. In 2002, Hefford was inducted into the Brampton Sports Hall of Fame in 2002. Top Forward, 2003 Esso Women's Nationals 2004 World Women's Championship Directorate Award as Top Forward and was named to the Tournament All Star team. 2005 World Women's Championship Directorate Award as Top Forward Top Forward, 2006 Esso Women's National Hockey Championship, Pool A Top Forward at the 2008 Esso Women's National Championship in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. 2019 Order of Hockey in Canada recipient References External links Official website Nine questions with Jayna Hefford Profile on Canadian Olympic Committee 1977 births Living people Angela James Bowl winners Brampton Thunder players Canadian ice hockey right wingers Canadian sports executives and administrators Canadian women's ice hockey players Hockey Hall of Fame inductees Ice hockey people from Ontario Ice hockey players at the 1998 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 2014 Winter Olympics Lesbian sportswomen LGBT ice hockey players Canadian LGBT sportspeople Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics Olympic gold medalists for Canada Olympic ice hockey players for Canada Olympic medalists in ice hockey Olympic silver medalists for Canada Order of Hockey in Canada recipients People from Quinte West Toronto Varsity Blues ice hockey players Women ice hockey executives	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayna%20Hefford
Gina Kingsbury (born November 26, 1981) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and current general manager of the Toronto PWHL team in the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). Playing career Besides hockey, Kingsbury participated in field hockey and softball as a student at the Hotchkiss School in Lakeville, Connecticut. Kingsbury participated in the 1995 Canada Winter Games at the age of 13. She competed in the Games again four years later. In 2004–05, she played for the Montreal Axion with her Olympic teammate Charline Labonté. St. Lawrence She attended St. Lawrence University, where she graduated in 2004 with a degree in psychology, and was a key player with the St. Lawrence Skating Saints women's ice hockey program. Kingsbury earned All-America honors at St. Lawrence in her senior season of 2004. In addition, she was a two-time All-Conference player at St. Lawrence and remains in the university's top 5 in career points (152) and goals (74). In 2003–04, her senior year, she finished seventh in NCAA scoring (26 goals and 31 assists in 33 games). Kingsbury also holds the school record for most points in a game with nine points (4 goals, 5 assists). Hockey Canada Kingsbury joined the national program in 1999, as a member of the Under-22 team. At the age of 19, she joined the senior team for the IIHF 2001 World Championship. She had two goals and two assists in the tournament, winning the gold medal. In the middle of the second period of the gold medal game, Canada had a 2–1 lead and Kingsbury started to shed tears because she knew the team was close to winning gold. Head coach Danielle Sauvageau told her to hold back but she says was excited to be part of a gold medal team. The 2006 Olympic Winter Games in Turin was Kingsbury's first Olympics. She played on Team Canada's "Kid Line" along with Meghan Agosta and Katie Weatherston. The members of the line were considered three of the most promising young prospects. Kingsbury finished the tournament with three assists, and winning her first Olympic gold. Two subsequent appearances in the IIHF World's followed. Kingsbury contributed two goals over five games at the 2007 World Women's Hockey Championship in Winnipeg, where Team Canada won the World Championship gold medal. At the IIHF Worlds in Harbin, China, Kingsbury scored one goal and three assists in five games as Team Canada went on to take the silver medal. When Kingsbury won her first gold medal with Canada in 2006, she became the third St. Lawrence alumnus athlete to win an Olympic gold medal. Her jersey number for Canada is 27, the same number that she had while skating for St. Lawrence. Fellow hockey player, Isabelle Chartrand was the second St. Lawrence alumnus who won an Olympic gold medal (doing so with Canada's women in 2002). The first St. Lawrence alum was Ed Rimkus, who won gold in 1932. She has won two gold medals (in 2001 and 2004) and a silver (2005) in total at the women's world championships. On September 14, 2010, Hockey Canada announced that Kingsbury, along with three other players retired from international hockey. As part of the IIHF Ambassador and Mentor Program, Kingsbury was a Hockey Canada athlete ambassador that travelled to Bratislava, Slovakia to participate in the 2011 IIHF High Performance Women's Camp from July 4–12. CWHL After graduating from St. Lawrence, played the 2004–05 season with the Montreal Axion of the National Women's Hockey League (NWHL). She led the team with 31 goals and added 29 assists, finishing the 30-game season with 60 points. Kingsbury joined the Calgary Oval X-Treme of the Western Women's Hockey League (WWHL) in 2006. She had 31 points (11 goals, 20 assists) in 19 games as the Oval X-Treme went on to win the Esso Women's National Championship. In 2007–08, Kingsbury was in her second season with the Calgary Oval X-Treme of the Western Women's Hockey League, Kingsbury scored 20 goals and added 25 assists in 23 games. Career stats St. Lawrence Hockey Canada Coaching After announcing her retirement from the national women's team, she became an assistant coach at the Okanagan Hockey Academy in Penticton, B.C. On July 10, 2014, she was named an assistant coach for the Minnesota–Duluth Bulldogs women's ice hockey program in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association. Managerial On July 26, 2018, it was announced that Kingsbury would take over the management role of the Canada women's national ice hockey team at Hockey Canada from Melody Davidson, who stepped out of the general manager's job after eight years to focus on scouting. Kingsbury was named the general manager of the Toronto team in the Professional Women's Hockey League in 2023. Awards and honours Top Forward, Pool A, 2007 Esso Canadian Women's Nationals 2002 ECAC North First Team Personal From 2006 to 2009, Kingsbury lived in Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec. References External links Canoe: Mini-biography, accessed 3 September 2006 1981 births Uranium City, Saskatchewan Calgary Oval X-Treme players Canadian women's ice hockey centres Hotchkiss School alumni Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics Living people Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics Montreal Axion players Olympic gold medalists for Canada Olympic ice hockey players for Canada Olympic medalists in ice hockey St. Lawrence Saints women's ice hockey players	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gina%20Kingsbury
Peter Thorne may refer to: Peter Thorne (Australian footballer) (born 1960), Australian rules footballer and coach Peter Thorne (climatologist), climatologist and professor of physical geography Peter Thorne (English footballer) (born 1973), English football player Peter Thorne (reporter), reporter and anchorman for WPIX-TV Peter Thorne (RAF officer) (1923–2014), fighter pilot and test pilot	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Thorne
Window Water Baby Moving is an experimental short film by Stan Brakhage, filmed in November 1958 and released in 1959. The film documents the birth of the director's first child, Myrrena, by his then-wife Jane Brakhage, now Jane Wodening. Production Stan Brakhage's wife, Jane, had insisted that Brakhage be present at the birth of their daughter; however, Brakhage felt he would faint if he weren't focused on filming the event. The hospital initially gave permission for filming, but this was later reneged. Instead, Brakhage transferred the birth to their home, hiring a nurse and some expensive emergency equipment. Jane was originally "very, very shy" about being filmed, but eventually relented after Brakhage made "a big dramatic scene and said 'All right, let's forget it!'" Most of the film was photographed by Brakhage himself, but Jane occasionally took the camera to capture her husband's reactions. Jane Brakhage later recalled of the birth: He [Brakhage] calls the hospital and gets the nurse who says she'll be right there... Stan starts worrying. I continue roaring and panting. Stan stops filming he's so upset. He gets nervous. He tells me to relax and pant. He needs to relax; I'm doing fine. I tell him how much I love him and ask him if he's got my face while I'm roaring and this sets him off again and reassures him, and he clickety-clackety-buzzes while I roar and pant. Editing of Window Water Baby Moving took place in the evenings over several months. According to Brakhage, a further delay was caused when Kodak seized the film. Brakhage described the event thus: "When I sent in the film to be processed, Kodak sent a page that said, more or less, 'Sign this at the bottom, and we will destroy this film; otherwise, we will turn it over to police.' So then the doctor wrote a letter, and we got the footage back." Brakhage later felt that Window Water Baby Moving had insufficiently captured his emotions at the birth of his child, and, during the birth of his third child, he filmed Thigh Line Lyre Triangular (1961) as an improvement. Reception Window Water Baby Moving was often screened on a double-bill with George C. Stoney's 1953 educational film, All My Babies. Brakhage was worried that his film's frank depiction of childbirth would embroil him in legal trouble, remarking "you could definitely go to jail for showing not only sexuality but nudity of any kind - though the idea of childbirth being somehow pornographic has always been offensive and disgusting to me." Nevertheless, Window Water Baby Moving has become one of Brakhage's best-known works. Critic Archer Winsten described the film as being "so forthright, so full of primitive wonder and love, so far beyond civilization in its acceptance that it becomes an experience like few in the history of movies." Scott MacDonald credited Window Water Baby Moving with making delivery rooms more accessible to fathers, a view with which Brakhage concurred. Preservation The Academy Film Archive preserved Window Water Baby Moving in 2013. See also List of American films of 1959 List of avant-garde films of the 1950s References External links 1950s avant-garde and experimental films 1959 films American short documentary films 1950s short documentary films Films directed by Stan Brakhage 1950s pregnancy films American pregnancy films Documentary films about pregnancy 1950s English-language films 1950s American films	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window%20Water%20Baby%20Moving
Microsoft Management Console (MMC) is a component of Microsoft Windows that provides system administrators and advanced users an interface for configuring and monitoring the system. It was first introduced in 1998 with the Option Pack for Windows NT 4.0 and later came pre-bundled with Windows 2000 and its successors. Snap-ins and consoles The management console can host Component Object Model components called snap-ins. Most of Microsoft's administration tools are implemented as MMC snap-ins. Third parties can also implement their own snap-ins using the MMC's application programming interfaces published on the Microsoft Developer Network's web site. Snap-ins are registered in the [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT]\{CLSID} and [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\MMC\Snapins] registry keys. A snap-in combined with MMC is called a management saved console, which is a file with .msc extension and can be launched using this syntax: mmc path \ filename.msc [/a] [/64] [/32]. Common snap-ins The most prolific MMC component, Computer Management, appears in the "Administrative Tools" folder in the Control Panel, under "System and Security" in Category View. Computer Management actually consists of a collection of MMC snap-ins, including the Device Manager, Disk Defragmenter, Internet Information Services (if installed), Disk Management, Event Viewer, Local Users and Groups (except in the home editions of Windows), Shared Folders, Services snap-in, for managing Windows services, Certificates and other tools. Computer Management can also be pointed at another Windows machine altogether, allowing for monitoring and configuration of other computers on the local network that the user has access to. Other MMC snap-ins in common use include: Microsoft Exchange Server (up to version 2010) Active Directory Users and Computers, Domains and Trusts, and Sites and Services Group Policy Management, including the Local Security Policy snap-in; included on all versions of Windows 2000 and later (Home editions of Microsoft Windows disable this snap-in) Performance snap-in, for monitoring system performance and metrics Version history MMC 1.0, shipped with Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack. MMC 1.1, shipped with SQL Server 7.0 and Systems Management Server 2.0, and also made available as a download for Windows 9x and Windows NT. New features: Snap-in taskpads Wizard-style property sheets Ability to load extensions to a snap-in at run-time HTML Help support MMC 1.2, shipped with Windows 2000. New features: Support for Windows Installer and Group Policy Filtered views Exporting list views to a text file Persistence of user-set column layouts (i.e. widths, ordering, visibility and sorting of lists) MMC 2.0, shipped with Windows XP and Windows Server 2003. New features: Operating system-defined visual styles Automation object model, allowing the capabilities of an MMC snap-in to be used programmatically from outside MMC itself (e.g. from a script) 64-bit snap-ins Console Taskpads View Extensions Multilanguage User Interface help files MMC 3.0, shipped with Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows XP SP3 and every subsequent versions of Windows up to Windows 11. Also downloadable for Windows XP SP2 and Windows Server 2003 SP1. New features: A new "Actions pane", displayed on the right-hand side of the MMC user interface that displays available actions for currently-selected node Support for developing snap-ins with the .NET Framework, including Windows Forms Reduced amount of code required to create a snap-in Improved debugging capabilities Asynchronous user interface model (MMC 3.0 snap-ins only) True Color Icon Support (Windows Vista Only) New Add/Remove Snap-in UI DEP is always enforced. All snap-ins must be DEP-aware. See also List of Microsoft Windows components Microsoft Windows Windows PowerShell References External links Microsoft Management Console documentation Windows components Microsoft application programming interfaces System administration Windows 2000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft%20Management%20Console
Katherine Marie "Katie" Weatherston (born April 6, 1983) is a Canadian retired ice hockey player and head coach of the Lebanese women’s national ice hockey team. As a member of the Canadian women's national ice hockey team, she won Olympic gold in the women's ice hockey tournament at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin and medalled at two IIHF Women's World Championships. Playing career Weatherston played four years of college ice hockey with the Dartmouth Big Green women's ice hockey program in the ECAC Hockey conference of the NCAA Division I, from 2002 to 2005 and for the 2006–07 season. She debuted with the Canadian national team at the 2004 Four Nations Cup. For the 2005–06 school year, Weatherston opted to put her college career on hold in order to focus entirely on preparing to represent Canada at the 2006 Winter Olympics. After completing her college eligibility with Dartmouth, Weatherston played the 2007–08 season in the Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL). She began the season with the Ottawa Capital Canucks but transferred to and finished the season with the Montréal Stars. In 2009, Weatherston sustained a concussion during a pick up hockey game. It was not her first concussion but, unlike previous instances, her post-concussion symptoms lingered for over two years – dashing her hopes of participating in the 2010 Winter Olympics and bringing an early end to her playing career. Personal life Weatherston was born on April 6, 1983, in Thunder Bay, Ontario, to David and Anna Weatherston. She has a bachelor’s degree in psychology from Dartmouth College. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs Source: USCHO, Elite Prospects International Source: Awards and honours 2003 ECAC All-Rookie Team 2003 All-Ivy Rookie Team 2003 ECAC All-Star Honourable Mention 2004–05 New England Writers Association Team 2004–05 All-Ivy Second Team 2004–05 All-USCHO Third Team 2006-07 ECAC Coaches Preseason All-League Selection 2006-07 ECAC Media Preseason All-League Selection 2007 ECAC Tournament Most Valuable Player 2008 Canadian Women's Hockey League Eastern Division All-Star 2008 Canadian Women's Hockey League All-Rookie Team References External links 1983 births Living people Ice hockey people from Thunder Bay Canadian women's ice hockey forwards Les Canadiennes de Montreal players Canadian Women's Hockey League players Dartmouth Big Green women's ice hockey players Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics Olympic gold medalists for Canada Olympic ice hockey players for Canada Olympic medalists in ice hockey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katie%20Weatherston
The maximum-term method is a consequence of the large numbers encountered in statistical mechanics. It states that under appropriate conditions the logarithm of a summation is essentially equal to the logarithm of the maximum term in the summation. These conditions are (see also proof below) that (1) the number of terms in the sum is large and (2) the terms themselves scale exponentially with this number. A typical application is the calculation of a thermodynamic potential from a partition function. These functions often contain terms with factorials which scale as (Stirling's approximation). Example Proof Consider the sum where >0 for all N. Since all the terms are positive, the value of S must be greater than the value of the largest term, , and less than the product of the number of terms and the value of the largest term. So we have Taking logarithm gives In statistical mechanics often will be : see Big O notation. Here we have For large M, is negligible with respect to M itself, and so we can see that ln S is bounded from above and below by , and so References D.A. McQuarrie, Statistical Mechanics. New York: Harper & Row, 1976. T.L. Hill, An Introduction to Statistical Thermodynamics. New York: Dover Publications, 1987 Physical chemistry Statistical mechanics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20term%20method
Unholy Grave is a Japanese grindcore band that formed in 1993 and are based in the city of Nagoya, Japan. The band got its name from the song "Beyond the Unholy Grave" by the American death metal band Death. Unholy Grave's lyrics mainly focus on political and social issues. A common phrase appearing on the artwork of the band's releases is "Grindcore Against Terrorism!". Unholy Grave are known for being highly prolific, releasing a considerably large amount of splits. Band members Current Takaho Komatsu - vocals (1993–present) Tee - guitar (1993–present) Former Chucky - drums (1998-2006) Naito - drums (1997-2006) Ume - bass (1993-2012) Osamu - bass (1993) Debuzo - drums (1993-2012) Kajisa - guitar (1995-2012) Kaz - drums (1999-2014) Hee-Chung - drums (2008-2015; r.i.p. 2015) Yasu - bass (1999–2021; r.i.p. 2021) Politics The band is of interest to the Chinese Government due their track "Taiwan - Another China". Chinese Border Police actively search for the bands content on visitors to China. Releases Demos Death Comes From Nowhere [1993] Nerve Gas Attack [1996] Splits Split 7"s w/ Aberrant w/ Abigail w/ Abstain w/ Agathocles w/ Archagathus (To Live a Lie Records) w/ Black Sister (problem? records) w/ Blindspot AD w/ Blood I Bleed w/ Boltstein w/ Čad w/ Capitalist Casualties (2000 copies; Deaf American Records) w/ Captain 3 Leg w/ Catheter w/ Chickenshit w/ Corrupt Humanity w/ David Carradine w/ Depressor w/ Deranged Insane w/ Disgust (Japan) (Agromosh Records) w/ Dropdead w/ Embalming Theatre w/ Entrails Massacre w/ Gang Up on Against w/ Godstomper w/ Gorgonized Dorks (2006, 200 copies grey/black, 300 copies black; DSK Records) w/ The Grade Grubbers (2007, 200 copies vanilla blue, 300 copies black; DSK Records) w/ Gyarandu w/ Idi Amin w/ The Index w/ Ingravescent Torture w/ Iron Butter (300 on blue wax, 700 on black wax) w/ Kadaverficker (Power It Up) w/ Kerum w/ Krush w/ Little Bastards (2007, 200 copies red, 300 copies black; DSK Records) w/ The Mad Thrashers w/ Malignant Tumour w/ Matka Teresa w/ Mitten Spider (Agromosh Records) w/ My Mind's Mine w/ Na'kay 5" w/ Nausea (US) w/ Nunslaughter (Hells Headbangers) w/ Pretty Little Flower (Rescued from Life Records) w/ Sabbat w/ Sewn Shut w/ Shank w/ Straight Edge Kegger w/ Taste of Fear w/ Terrorism w/ Third Degree w/ Tripscope w/ Unbiased (Agromosh Records) w/ Vanishing Act w/ Violent Headache w/ Waking Terror Split CDs Agatho-Grave w/ Agathocles (Japanese pressing) w/ Anarchus w/ Logger Head w/ Mass Separation w/ Mind Collage w/ Plague Rages w/ Rotten Sound w/ SCUM Split LPs w/ Agathocles Agatho-Grave w/ Agathocles (US pressing) w/ Trauma Acustico EPs Against Terrorism 7" Aussie Disorder Double 7" (live – 2004, 300 copies blue, 700 copies black; Agromosh Records) Chaotic Raw Madness 7" (live – 2002) Fanaticism 7" (Rescued from Life Records) Kill 'Em All for One 7" Morbid Reality 7" (1996) Nein 7" Never Repeat 7" Raw Grind Mayhem 8" (limited to 100 copies; Rescued from Life Records) Raw Slaughter (Agromosh Records) Terror 7" (1997) Unholy Bastards (Agromosh Records) Unholy Grind Destruction 7" picture disc (live) The Unreleased 7" (2004) Zero Hour 7" LPs Lunatic Brain Distraught (limited to 105 copies green) Nostalgia Obliterated Tortured Alive 10" (live) Raw Chaos Revoltage (500 copies yellow with purple splatter; Agromosh Records) UK Discharge (live – 1000 copies; Agromosh Records) Angry Raw Grinder (490 copies orange; Noiseville) CDs Crucified (1995) Cryptic Dirty Conformity (2005) Ethnocide (2004) Hatred? (1997) Inhumanity (1996) Terroraging Crisis (2007) See also List of grindcore bands References Grindcore musical groups Japanese hardcore punk groups Musical groups established in 1993 Japanese musical trios Musicians from Nagoya	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unholy%20Grave
Sami Jo Small (born March 25, 1976) is a Canadian former ice hockey goaltender. As a member of the Canadian national team, she was an Olympic gold medallist and four-time World Championship medallist. One of the founders of the now defunct Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL), she served in the role of vice-chair during the league's inaugural season and went on to play ten seasons in the league. She is the current team president of the Toronto Six. Playing career Small competed for Team Manitoba at the 1991 Canada Winter Games. Stanford University Small is a graduate of Collège Jeanne-Sauvé and attended Stanford University on a track and field scholarship for the discus throw, hammer throw, and javelin throw events. While at Stanford, she also played on the Cardinal men's club hockey team. At the 1997 Pacific-10 Track and Field championships, held May 24–25, 1997, Small finished in fifth place in the hammer throw with a distance of and placed seventh in discus throw with a distance of . CWHL Small was a goaltender for the Mississauga Chiefs of the Canadian Women's Hockey League. After the CWHL contracted in 2010, she was claimed by the Toronto Furies. With Toronto, Small participated in the championship game of the 2011 Clarkson Cup. Despite losing to the Montreal Stars by a 5-0 tally, Small accumulated 46 saves in the championship. On February 9, 2014, in a victory against the defending Clarkson Cup champion Boston Blades, Small achieved her the 60th victory of her CWHL career, the first CWHL goaltender to reach the 60-win plateau. In that same season, Small would win the 2014 Clarkson Cup, making her the third women's ice hockey goaltender to have won Winter Games gold, IIHF gold and the Clarkson. International play Small is an Olympic champion, and four-time world champion goalie for the Canadian national women’s ice hockey team. Acting as a third goaltender on the Canadian women's hockey team at Turin and Nagano, she served as a backup to Kim St. Pierre at the Ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament, which saw Canada win its first-ever Olympic gold medal in women's ice hockey. Management On June 11, 2018, Small was named general manager of the Toronto Furies. One of her first moves in the position was signing Courtney Kessel (née Birchard) as their new head coach and appointing long-time coach Ken Dufton as an advisor to the organization. Among the free agents signed by Small leading into her first season as GM included goaltender Elaine Chuli and forward Shiann Darkangelo to contracts in August 2018. With the second overall pick at the 2018 CWHL Draft, her first draft as general manager, Small selected forward Sarah Nurse. Four spots later, she would claim goaltender Shea Tiley, who led the Clarkson Golden Knights women's ice hockey program to a pair of NCAA Frozen Four championships. In September 2022, Small joined the PHF as team president of the Toronto Six. Other Small published her autobiography, titled "The Role I Played: Canada’s Greatest Olympic Hockey Team," with ECW Press in September 2020. Hosting a podcast in conjunction with Sports Illustrated and The Hockey News, Sami Jo’s Podcast: Building a Stronger Team, began in February 2021. Speaking to talks to elite players and coaches, deciphering the elements of a successful team, another focus involves discussion on the numerous facets of making one a better player and teammate. In 2022, Small appeared on an episode of Canadian comedy show Letterkenny as herself. Podcast Episode guide Ep 001 (2021-02-14) Cheryl Pounder Ep 002 (2021-02-28) Roberta Bartolo Ep 003 (2021-03-15) Jennifer Botterill Ep 004 (2021-03-28) Susie Yuen Ep 005 (2021-04-11) Daniele Sauvageau Ep 006 (2021-04-25) Natalie Spooner Ep 007 (2021-05-09) Becky Kellar Ep 008 (2021-05-24) Wally Kozak Ep 009 (2021-06-21) Cassie Campbell-Pascall Personal life Small graduated from Stanford University in 1999, with a degree in mechanical engineering sub-specializing in product design. She is involved with several advocacy organizations and has been an Athlete Ambassador with Right To Play since 2006. Small is married to Billy Bridges, a fifteen-year veteran forward on the Canadian men's national ice sledge hockey team and three time Winter Paralympic Games medalist. They have a daughter named Kensi. Awards and honours Stanford University Men's Hockey, Pac-8 Conference (ACHA) MVP CWHL Second All-Star Team, 2008–09 and 2009–10 Brampton Sports Hall of Fame, 2002 Directorate Award, Best Goalie, 1999 IIHF Women's World Championship Directorate Award, Best Goalie, 2000 IIHF Women's World Championship Namesake, "Sami Jo Small Hockey Facility" at the Norberry-Glenlee Community Centre in St. Vital, Winnipeg, Manitoba References 1976 births Canadian women's ice hockey goaltenders Clarkson Cup champions Ice hockey people from Winnipeg Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics Living people Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics Mississauga Chiefs players Olympic gold medalists for Canada Olympic ice hockey players for Canada Olympic medalists in ice hockey Stanford University alumni Toronto Furies players Women ice hockey executives Canadian sports executives and administrators Olympic silver medalists for Canada	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami%20Jo%20Small
Joseph LaFlesche, also known as E-sta-mah-za or Iron Eye (1822–1888), was the last recognized head chief of the Omaha tribe of Native Americans who was selected according to the traditional tribal rituals. The head chief Big Elk had adopted LaFlesche as an adult into the Omaha and designated him in 1843 as his successor. LaFlesche was of Ponca and French Canadian ancestry; he became a chief in 1853, after Big Elk's death. An 1889 account said that he had been the only chief among the Omaha to have known European ancestry. In 1854 LaFlesche was among the seven Omaha chiefs in the delegation who went to Washington, DC for final negotiations and signed the treaty with the United States by which they ceded most of the Omaha territory. About 1856, he led his people in relocating to the Omaha reservation in what is now northeastern Nebraska. LaFlesche served as principal chief until 1888. He led during the Omaha transition to the reservation and other major social changes. Early life and education Joseph LaFlesche, also called E-sta-mah-za (Iron Eye), was the son of Joseph LaFlesche, a French-Canadian fur trader, and Waoowinchtcha, his Ponca wife. (An 1889 account said she was related to Big Elk, chief of the Omaha.) From the age of 10, the younger LaFlesche accompanied his father on trading trips. His father worked for the American Fur Company (AFC) and traded with the many tribes: Ponca, Omaha, Iowa, Otoe, and Pawnee, living between the Platte and Nebraska rivers. They spoke closely related Siouan languages. The father and son learned the Omaha-Ponca language from Waoowinnchtcha, and the Omaha people. Career The younger Joseph La Flesche started working for the American Fur Company at about the age of 16 and worked for them until 1848. By then he had settled with his family and the Omaha at the Bellevue Agency. He had been adopted into the Omaha tribe as the son of Big Elk, the principal chief, after years of interaction with the people. In 1843 Big Elk had designated La Flesche as his successor, and the younger man began to study tribal ways and customs, becoming prepared to be chief. He joined the tribal council about 1849. Marriage and family LaFlesche married Mary Gale (b. c. 1825-1826 - d. 1909), the mixed-race daughter of Dr. John Gale, a surgeon at Fort Atkinson, and his Iowa wife Ni-co-ma. When Dr. Gale was reassigned after the Army left the fort in 1827, he left Ni-co-ma and Mary behind with her family. Joseph and Mary LaFlesche had five children together: Louis, Susette, Rosalie, Marguerite and Susan. Iron Eye and Mary believed that the future of American Indians lay in education and assimilation, including adoption of European-style agricultural methods and acceptance of Christianity. They encouraged their children to get formal educations and work for their people; in some cases, LaFlesche sent them to schools in the East. As chief, Joseph LaFlesche could have multiple wives, and he married Ta-in-ne, an Omaha woman also known as Elizabeth Erasmus. They had a son Francis, born in 1857, followed by other children. His grown children with Mary included activists Susette LaFlesche Tibbles; and Rosalie LaFlesche Farley, financial manager of the Omaha tribe; Marguerite La Flesche Picotte, who became a teacher on the Yankton Sioux Reservation; and the physician Dr. Susan La Flesche Picotte, the first Native American in the United States to be certified as a doctor. Susan worked with the Omaha and eventually established the first privately funded hospital on an Indian reservation for them. Rosalie Farley helped negotiate grazing treaties on unallocated land to generate revenue. She also helped tribal members with their finances, including managing donations sent by Americans from across the country. She also worked with an ethnologist from the University of Pennsylvania to collect traditions and stories from the tribes. Their half-brother Francis La Flesche, son of Ta-in-nne, became an ethnologist for the Smithsonian Institution. Based in Washington, DC, he returned to the West to study the Omaha and the Osage. Although the siblings came to hold differing opinions on the issues related to land allotment and assimilation, they each worked to improve the quality of life for Native Americans, particularly the Omaha in Nebraska. Chief Unlike many other tribes, the Omaha had a patrilineal kinship system, with inheritance passed through the male line. In 1843, Big Elk designated LaFlesche as his successor as a hereditary chief of the Weszhinste, one of the ten gentes of the Omaha. The Omaha were organized into two half-tribes or moitie, which represented the Earth and the Sky. Each had five gentes or clans, which had specific responsibilities related to maintaining the tribe and cosmos. Each gens had hereditary chiefs, through the father's line, for a total of ten. One of the gens chiefs of each moitie was designated as its head; the two collaborated to maintain the balance between the two parts. Because a child was considered born to his father and his family, a man born of a white father and Omaha mother had no position in the tribe; he was considered white. To become a member of the tribe, he would have to be formally adopted by the father of a family. He could never advance to be a hereditary chief without such formal adoption, according to the traditional practices in effect at that time. There were some allowances for men to be recognized for charitable acts or gifts. When adopted and designated by Big Elk as his successor, LaFlesche (Iron Eye) seriously studied the tribal ways and customs to prepare for becoming a chief. Big Elk served as chief until his death in 1853, and LaFlesche succeeded him. An 1889 sketch of La Flesche, first published in the Bancroft, Nebraska Journal, said he was the only person having any white blood who had been a chief of the Omaha. In January 1854, after negotiations in full council with 60 Omaha men, the tribe reached some agreements on land cession with the US Indian agent James M. Gatewood. They had not delegated this important issue to their chiefs but, after reaching their conclusions, chose seven chiefs to go to Washington, DC for concluding meetings on the land sale. The seven chiefs were LaFlesche, Two Grizzly Bears, Standing Hawk, Little Chief, Village Maker, Noise, and Yellow Smoke. Logan Fontenelle, a Métis man born to a white father, accompanied them as an interpreter. The Bureau of Indian Affairs also had an interpreter at the meetings. For some reason, Fontenelle's name appeared first on the treaty, although the document was supposed to include only the names of the seven Omaha chiefs. Two Grizzly Bears' name did not appear. Perhaps because Fontenelle had been introduced as Two Grizzly Bears' interpreter, or because he was the only Omaha speaker who was literate in English, his name was substituted. The treaty was signed in March 1854 and quickly ratified by the US Senate. The Indian Commissioner Manypenny and his staff forced many changes to the treaty terms, including a major reduction in the amount of money to be paid to the Omaha for their land, and a change from cash annuities to annuities that were a combination of cash and goods. Under the treaty terms, the Omaha tribe received "$40,000 per annum for three years from January 1, 1855; $30,000 per annum for the next succeeding ten years; $20,000 per annum for the next succeeding fifteen years; and $10,000 per annum for the next succeeding twelve years," to 1895. The President of the United States, based on recommendations by the US Indian Office (or the local US Indian agent), would determine annually the proportions of the annuity to be distributed in money and in goods. In practice, those decisions would be made by the US Indian Office, based on recommendations by the US Indian agent. Unhappy with Gatewood's draft treaty, the US Indian Office replaced the agent with George Hepner in the summer of 1854. In 1855, Fontenelle and four Omaha were killed and scalped by an enemy band of Sioux while on the summer buffalo hunt on the plains. The historians B. Tong and D. Hastings contend that LaFlesche did not become principal chief until after Fontenelle's death, but accounts have varied as to the true role of Fontenelle in the tribe. Boughter writes that Hepner and LaFlesche both referred to Fontenelle as a chief after his death, but other contemporaries among the Omaha did not agree and referred to him only as the interpreter. As chief, LaFlesche led the tribe through a period of major transition and social disruption after their move to the reservation in what is now northeast Nebraska in the Blackbird Hills. About 800 Omaha removed to the reservation. At the beginning, they built their traditional sod lodges, with the clans arrayed in customary positions around a circle. By 1881, the tribe had increased to about 1100. Many had built western-style houses. LaFlesche worked to gain the rights of citizens of the United States for the Omaha. In the late nineteenth century, the US government required American Indians to agree to give up their communal land, tribal government and membership in order to gain voting rights as US citizens. They also had to adopt certain aspects of assimilation and learn United States practices. LaFlesche had supported the changes in land policy in a move toward severalty, believing that the tribe's members would benefit by adopting the ownership of land individually by patent rather than to continue to hold it in common as a tribe. Many in the tribe were of different opinions. In practice, the breakup of communal lands proved to be detrimental to tribal continuity and land use. LaFlesche encouraged his people to become educated in both Omaha and American ways, supporting the mission schools. Seeing how detrimental alcohol was, he prohibited it on the reservation. He and Henry Fontenelle were appointed as official traders to the Omaha under the US Indian agent. LaFlesche was chief at a time when many of the Omaha resisted the changes that had disrupted their lives. For some time, many of the men lived on their portion of the annuities and hunting, and the women continued to cultivate varieties of corn in a communal way. The Omaha stayed in their villages rather than going out to farm the land. But by 1880, the Omaha produced 20,000 bushels of wheat, including a surplus for sale. The following year was a poor season, and they had less than needed of all their crops. The government's estimate of sufficient land allotments for the Native Americans restricted them to dividing their lands among heirs, in portions that in future years were too small to be farmed effectively or to be developed for other purposes. In addition, when government annuities and supplies were delayed or arrived in poor condition, as was often the case, or the Indian agents made decisions restricting annuities, as did Jacob Vore in 1876, the Omaha faced much worse conditions on their reservation than in their former nomadic life. References Further reading Green, Norma Kidd, Iron Eye's Family: The Children of Joseph LaFlesche, Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1969. External links "Treaty with the Omaha, 1854", in Indian Affairs: Treaties By United States, US Dept. of the Interior, Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1904, p. 611 , Biographical Note, Archives, Nebraska State Historical Society Native American leaders La Flesche family 1822 births 1888 deaths Native American temperance activists	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20LaFlesche
The École nationale supérieure d'informatique et de mathématiques appliquées, or Ensimag, is a prestigious French Grande École located in Grenoble, France. Ensimag is part of the Institut polytechnique de Grenoble (Grenoble INP). The school is one of the top French engineering institutions and specializes in computer science, applied mathematics and telecommunications. In the fields of computer science and applied mathematics, Ensimag ranks first in France, as measured by the position of its students in the national admission examinations and by the ranking of companies hiring its students and specialized media. Students are usually admitted to Ensimag competitively following two years of undergraduate studies in classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles. Studies at Ensimag are of three years' duration and lead to the French degree of "Diplôme National d'Ingénieur" (equivalent to a master's degree). Grenoble, in the French Alps, has always been a pioneer for high-tech engineering education in France. The first French school of electrical engineering has been created in Grenoble in 1900 (one of the first in the world after MIT). In 1960 the eminent French mathematician Jean Kuntzmann founded Ensimag. Since that time it has become the highest ranking French engineering school in computer science and applied mathematics. About 250 students graduates from the school each year in its different degrees, and counts with more than 5500 alumni worldwide. Ensimag Graduate specializations Ensimag's curriculum offers a variety of compulsory and elective advanced courses, making up specific profiles. Most of the common core courses are taught in the first year and the first semester of the second year, allowing students to acquire the basics in applied mathematics and informatics. Students then choose a graduate specialization. Financial Engineering Financial Mathematics Mathematics and Informatics for Finance Computer Systems for Finance Software and Systems Engineering Architecture of Complex Systems Security Information Systems Mathematical modeling, Vision, Graphics and Simulation Modeling, Calculus, Simulation Images, Virtual Reality and Multimedia Decision-making Bio-informatics Embedded Systems and Connected Devices Software, hardware and systems for embedded and intelligent applications High level modeling, virtual prototyping and validation of complex systems Control theory and informatics Architecture and telecommunication services Networks transmission systems International master’s programmes (Courses in English) Master of Science in Informatics at Grenoble Since September 2008, a joint degree programme with Université Joseph Fourier. Highly competitive, two-year graduate program offering training in the areas of: Distributed Embedded Mobile and Interactive Systems Graphics, Vision and Robotics AI and the Web Security and Cryptology of Information Systems. This program is common between the Grenoble INP and the Université Grenoble Alpes. Website: http://mosig.imag.fr/ Master in Communication Systems Engineering Offered jointly by Ensimag and Politecnico di Torino (Italy) This course aims to train engineers to specialize in the design and management of communication systems, ranging from simple point-to-point transmissions to diversified telecommunications networks. A four-semester course: First and second semesters taught at Politecnico di Torino Third semester taught at Grenoble INP Fourth semester: Master's Thesis Website: http://cse.ensimag.fr Research at Ensimag Ensimag students can perform research work as part of their curriculum in second year, as well as a second-year internship and their end of studies project in a research laboratory. 15% of Ensimag graduates choose to pursue a Ph.D. Junior enterprise: Nsigma Nsigma was founded on November 17, 1980 as a voluntary association under the name ENSIGMA PROGRAMMATION. This association obtained the label Junior-Entreprise ® in 1981 and managed to renew it every year since then. The Junior enterprise took advantage of the Ensimag reform in 2008 to update its status and title. Currently called Nsigma, it is now an information technology service provider. Website: http://nsigma.fr/ External links (fr) The official Ensimag website (en) The official Ensimag website References Informatique et de mathématiques appliquées de Grenoble Grenoble Tech Ensimag Grenoble Tech Ensimag Grenoble Tech Ensimag Grenoble Tech Ensimag Grenoble Tech Ensimag Grenoble Tech Ensimag Universities and colleges established in 1960 1960 establishments in France	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole%20nationale%20sup%C3%A9rieure%20d%27informatique%20et%20de%20math%C3%A9matiques%20appliqu%C3%A9es%20de%20Grenoble
Jedaiah ben Abraham Bedersi (c. 1270 – c. 1340) () was a Jewish poet, physician, and philosopher; born at Béziers (hence his surname Bedersi). His Occitan name was En Bonet, which probably corresponds to the Hebrew name Tobiah; and, according to the practices of Hachmei Provence, he occasionally joined to his name that of his father, Abraham Bedersi. In his poems he assumed the appellation "Penini" (, "Dispenser of Pearls"), and because of this appellation the ethical work Mibḥar haPeninim of Solomon ibn Gabirol has been erroneously ascribed to Bedersi. Early life Bedersi was a precocious child. He was scarcely fifteen years old when he published his work Baḳḳashat ha-Memin (The Mem Prayer), a hymn of 1000 words, each of which begins with the letter mem (translated into Latin and German). Bedersi's father, very much pleased with those evidences of his child's precocity, expressed his approbation in a short poem which in many editions is given at the end of the hymn. The work contains only mere quibbles on Biblical passages, and is often very obscure; but, considering the age of the author, the facility with which he handles the Hebrew vocabulary is astonishing. Sefer ha-Pardes Bedersi's Talmudical knowledge must have been equally extensive; for, as may be seen in the introduction to his commentary on the Aggadah of the Talmud, he was but fifteen years old when he entered the Talmudical school of R. Meshullam. At the age of seventeen he produced his ethical work Sefer ha-Pardes (The Book of the Garden). This treatise, first published at Constantinople in 1515 (?) and reproduced by Joseph Luzzatto in Ozar ha-Ṣifrut, iii., is divided into eight chapters: on isolation from the world, and the inconstancy of the latter on divine worship and devotion on instruction, and the sciences that men should acquire after having familiarized themselves with their religious obligations on the laws and the conduct of the judge on grammar on sophism on astronomy on rhetoric and poetry. Oheb Nashim At eighteen he published a work in defense of women, entitled Ẓilẓal Kenafayim (The Rustling of Wings) or Oheb Nashim (The Women-Lover). In the short introduction to this treatise, Bedersi says that he wrote it against Judah ibn Shabbethai's Sone ha-Nashim (The Woman-Hater). The young poet dedicated this composition to his two friends, Meïr and Judah, sons of Don Solomon Dels-Enfanz of Arles. It was written in rhymed prose, and has been edited by Neubauer in the Zunz Jubelschrift, 1884. Other works These poetical productions of Bedersi's youth were followed by a number of works of a more serious character, among which were: A philosophical commentary on the Aggadah of diverse parts of the Midrashim such as Midrash Rabba, Tanhuma, Sifre, Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer, and Midrash Tehillim (copies of this commentary are still extant in manuscript in several European libraries). Iggeret Hitnaẓẓelut ("Apologetical Letter"), addressed to Shlomo ibn Aderet, who, at the instigation of Abba Mari, had pronounced an anathema against the works and partisans of Maimonides and against science in general. Bedersi, after having expressed his respect for the upright and learned rabbi of Barcelona, remarked that he and his friends were not indignant about the ban, because science was invulnerable. Their grievance was that Ben Adret should have branded the Jewish congregations of southern France as heretics. From time immemorial, science had been fostered by Jewish scholars on account of its importance for religion. This was true in greatest measure of Maimonides, who studied philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, and medicine by the aid of the Greek writers; in theology, however, he was guided by tradition, submitting even in this to the investigations of philosophy. He, Bedersi, therefore, entreats Solomon ben Adret to withdraw the excommunication for the sake of Maimonides—whose works would be studied in spite of all excommunication—for his own (Ben Adret's) sake, and for the good name of Provençal Jewish learning. The Iggeret Hitnaẓẓelut has been incorporated with Solomon ben Adret's Responsa, § 418. Beḥinat ha'Olam ("The Examination of the World") Behinat ha-'Olam Beḥinat ha-'Olam (The Examination of the World), called also by its first words, "Shamayim la-Rom" (Heaven's Height), a didactic poem written after the 1306 expulsion of Jews from France, to which event reference is made in the eleventh chapter (compare Renan-Neubauer, Les Ecrivains Juifs Français, p. 37). This poem is divided into 37 short chapters, and may be summarized as follows: Bedersi concludes his poem by expressing his admiration for Maimonides: According to Husik, Bedersi as the author of this poem is the "wise man" quoted by Joseph Albo in Sefer Ikkarim (II:30) on the unknowability of God: This poem enjoyed the greatest success. Published first at Mantua by Estellina, wife of Abraham Conat, between 1476 and 1480, it was republished 67 times (compare Bibliotheca Friedlandiana, ii. 139), with many commentaries, among which are those written by Moshe ibn Habib, Jacob Frances, and Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller. Four commentaries written by Isaac Monçon, Jacob (of Fano?), Leon of Mantua, and Immanuel of Lattes the Younger are still extant in manuscript (MSS. at St. Petersburg and at the Bodleian Library, Oxford, Nos. 502 and 1404). The poem was translated into Latin by Uchtman; into German by Isaac Auerbach, Hirsch ben Meïr, Joel ben Joseph Faust or Wust, Simson Hamburger, Auerbach (who made use of a translation of parts iv. and v. by Mendelssohn), J. Levy, Joseph Hirschfeld, and (in verse) by Stern, preceded by an interesting Hebrew introduction by Weiss; into French by Philippe Aquinas and Michel Beer; into Italian in Antologia Israelitica, 1880,pp. 334 et seq.; into English by Tobias Goodman; into Polish by J. Tugendhold. Minor works According to Luzzatto (Ḥotam Toknit, Appendix, p. 5), Bedersi was also the author of the poem Baḳḳashat ha-Lamedin (The Lamed Prayer), or Bet El (House of God), or Batte Nefesh (Tablets), a prayer composed of 412 words in which only the letters from "alef" to "lamed" occur. This composition is commonly attributed to his father, Abraham Bedersi. Another poem, entitled Elef Alfin (Thousand Alephs), composed of 1000 words, each of which begins with the letter aleph, also attributed to Abraham Bedersi, seems to have been written by Jedaiah. In this poem the author bewails the sufferings and the exile of the Jews, which can only refer to the banishment of the Jews from France in 1306 (compare Luzzatto, l.c.; Shem haGedolim, of Chaim Yosef David Azulai ii. s.v.; Heinrich Graetz, Gesch. der Juden, vii. 206). Philosophical works Bedersi also wrote a large number of treatises on philosophy, several of which are quoted by Moses ibn Ḥabib in the introduction to his commentary on the Beḥinat ha-'Olam. Seven of these works are still extant in manuscript: Annotations on the Physics of Averroes (De Rossi MS. No. 1398) Annotations on the Canon of Avicenna (MSS. Oxford, Nos. 2100, 2107, and 2121, 6) Ketab ha-Da'at (Treatise on the Intellect), a modification of the Hebrew version (entitled Sefer ha-Sekel we ha-Muskalat) of Alfarabi's Arabic work, Kitab al-'Akl we al-Ma'akulat Ha-De'ot be-Sekel ha-Ḥomri (The Theories Concerning the Material Intellect), in which Bedersi gives the diverse opinions on the Passive Intellect as expounded by Aristotle in De Anima (compare Alexander of Aphrodisias) Ha-Ma'amar be-Hafoke ha-Meḥallek (Treatise on the Opposites in the Motions of the Spheres), explaining a passage in the commentary of Averroes on Aristotle's De Cœlo, i. 4 Ketab ha-Hit'aẓmut (Book of Consolidation), in which Bedersi answers the objections made by a friend of his to the theories expounded in the preceding work a dissertation, bearing no title, on the question whether (in Aristotelean philosophy) individuals of the same species, diverse in their "accidents," differ also in their essential form; or whether form is inherent in the species and embraces it entirely, so that individuals differ solely by reason of their "accidents." In Bedersi's opinion there are two forms: a general one embracing the whole species; and a special individual form which is essential and can not be considered as an "accident." In this dissertation is quoted another work of Bedersi's, his Midbar Ḳadmut (The Desert of Antiquity), containing a commentary—no longer in existence—on the twenty-five premises given by Maimonides in his introduction to the second volume of the Guide of the Perplexed. It is probable that Bedersi wrote a supercommentary on the commentary on Genesis by Abraham ibn Ezra, although some attribute it to Rabbi Asher Crescas (compare Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. col. 1283) and that he was the author of the philosophical poem on the thirteen articles of belief of Maimonides (compare Luzzatto, Ḥotam Tokhnit, p. 2). References Citations Sources 1270 births 1340 deaths 14th-century philosophers Philosophers of Judaism	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jedaiah%20ben%20Abraham%20Bedersi
Eric Alfred Havelock (; 3 June 1903 – 4 April 1988) was a British classicist who spent most of his life in Canada and the United States. He was a professor at the University of Toronto and was active in the Canadian socialist movement during the 1930s. In the 1960s and 1970s, he served as chair of the classics departments at both Harvard and Yale. Although he was trained in the turn-of-the-20th-century Oxbridge tradition of classical studies, which saw Greek intellectual history as an unbroken chain of related ideas, Havelock broke radically with his own teachers and proposed an entirely new model for understanding the classical world, based on a sharp division between literature of the 6th and 5th centuries BC on the one hand, and that of the 4th on the other. Much of Havelock's work was devoted to addressing a single thesis: that all of Western thought is informed by a profound shift in the kinds of ideas available to the human mind at the point that Greek philosophy converted from an oral to a literate form. The idea has been controversial in classical studies, and has been rejected outright both by many of Havelock's contemporaries and modern classicists. Havelock and his ideas have nonetheless had far-reaching influence, both in classical studies and other academic areas. He and Walter J. Ong (who was himself strongly influenced by Havelock) essentially founded the field that studies transitions from orality to literacy, and Havelock has been one of the most frequently cited theorists in that field; as an account of communication, his work profoundly affected the media theories of Harold Innis and Marshall McLuhan. Havelock's influence has spread beyond the study of the classical world to that of analogous transitions in other times and places. Education and early academic career Born in London on 3 June 1903, Havelock grew up in Scotland where he attended Greenock Academy before enrolment at The Leys School in Cambridge, England, at the age of 14. He studied there with W. H. Balgarnie, a classicist to whom Havelock gives considerable credit. In 1922, Havelock started at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. While studying under F. M. Cornford at Cambridge, Havelock began to question the received wisdom about the nature of pre-Socratic philosophy and, in particular, about its relationship with Socratic thought. In The Literate Revolution in Greece, his penultimate book, Havelock recalls being struck by a discrepancy between the language used by the philosophers he was studying and the heavily Platonic idiom with which it was interpreted in the standard texts. It was well known that some of these philosophical texts (Parmenides, Empedocles) were written not only in verse but in the metre of Homer, who had recently been identified (still controversially at the time) by Milman Parry as an oral poet, but Cornford and other scholars of these early philosophers saw the practice as a fairly insignificant convention left over from Hesiod. Havelock eventually came to the conclusion that the poetic aspects of early philosophy "were matters not of style but of substance", and that such thinkers as Heraclitus and Empedocles actually have more in common even on an intellectual level with Homer than they do with Plato and Aristotle. In 1926 Havelock took his first academic job at Acadia University in Nova Scotia, Canada. He married Ellen Parkinson in 1927, and moved on to Victoria College at the University of Toronto in 1929. Havelock's scholarly work during this period focused on Latin poetry, particularly Catullus, far from the early Greek philosophy he had worked on at Cambridge. While in Canada Havelock became increasingly involved in politics. With his fellow academics Frank Underhill and Eugene Forsey, Havelock was a cofounder of the League for Social Reconstruction, an organisation of politically active socialist intellectuals. He and Underhill were also the most outspoken of a group of dissident faculty members at the University. Havelock's political engagement deepened rapidly. In 1931, after Toronto police had blocked a public meeting by an organisation the police claimed was associated with communists, he and Underhill wrote a public letter of protest, calling the action "short-sighted, inexpedient, and intolerable." The letter led to considerable tension between the leadership of the university and the activist professors led by Havelock and Underhill, as well as a sharply critical public reaction. All of the major newspapers in Toronto, along with a number of prominent business leaders, denounced the professors as radical leftists and their behaviour as unbecoming of academics. Though the League for Social Reconstruction began as more of a discussion group than a political party, it became a force in Canadian politics by the mid-1930s. After Havelock joined the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, along with several other members of the League, he was pressured by his superiors at the University to curtail his political activity. He did not, continuing to act as an ally and occasional spokesman for Underhill and other leftist professors. He found himself in trouble again in 1937 after criticising both the government's and industry's handling of an automotive workers' strike. Despite calls from Ontario officials for his ouster, he was able to remain at Victoria College, but his public reputation was badly damaged. While at Toronto, Havelock began formulating his theory of orality and literacy, establishing the context of a later movement at the University interested in the critical study of communication, which Donald F. Theall has called the "Toronto School of Communications". Havelock's work was complemented by that of Harold Innis, who was working on the history of media. The work Havelock and Innis began in the 1930s was the preliminary basis for the influential theories of communication developed by Marshall McLuhan and Edmund Snow Carpenter in the 1950s. During World War II, Havelock moved away from the socialist organisations he had been associated with, and in 1944 was elected founding president of the Ontario Classical Association. One of the association's first activities was organising a relief effort for Greece, which had just been liberated from Nazi control. Havelock continued to write about politics, however, and his political and academic work came together in his ideas about education; he argued for the necessity of an understanding of rhetoric for the resistance to corporate persuasiveness. Toward a new theory of Greek intellectual history At the same time that he was becoming increasingly vocal and visible in politics, Havelock's scholarly work was moving toward the concerns that would occupy him for the bulk of his career. The first questions he raised about the relationship between literacy and orality in Greece concerned the nature of the historical Socrates, which was a long-debated issue. Havelock's position, drawn from analyses of Xenophon and Aristophanes as well as Plato himself, was that Plato's presentation of his teacher was largely a fiction, and intended to be a transparent one, whose purpose was to represent indirectly Plato's own ideas. He argued vociferously against the idea associated with John Burnet, which still had currency at the time, that the basic model for the theory of forms originated with Socrates. Havelock's argument drew on evidence for a historical change in Greek philosophy; Plato, he argued, was fundamentally writing about the ideas of his present, not of the past. Most earlier work in the field had assumed that, since Plato uses Socrates as his mouthpiece, his own philosophical concerns must have been similar to those debated in the Athens of his youth, when Socrates was his teacher. Havelock's contention that Socrates and Plato belonged to different philosophical eras was the first instance of one that would become central to his work: that a basic shift in the kinds of ideas being discussed by intellectuals, and the methods of discussing them, happened at some point between the end of the fifth century BC and the middle of the fourth. In 1947, Havelock moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts, to take a position at Harvard University, where he remained until 1963. He was active in a number of aspects of the University and of the department, of which he became chair; he undertook a translation of and commentary on Aeschylus' Prometheus Bound for the benefit of his students. He published this translation, with an extended commentary on Prometheus and the myth's implications for history, under the title The Crucifixion of Intellectual Man (and then changed it back to Prometheus when the book was republished in the 1960s, saying that the earlier title had "come to seem a bit pretentious"). During this time he began his first major attempt to argue for a division between Platonic or Aristotelian philosophy and what came before. His focus was on political philosophy and, in particular, the beginnings of Greek liberalism as introduced by Democritus. In his book The Liberal Temper in Greek Politics, he argued that for Democritus and the liberals, political theory was based on an understanding of "the behaviour of man in a cosmic and historical setting": that is, humanity defined as the poets would define it—measured through its individual actions. Plato and Aristotle were interested in the nature of humanity and, in particular, the idea that human actions might be rooted in inherent qualities rather than consisting of individual choices. In arguing for a basic heuristic split between Plato and the contemporaries of Democritus, Havelock was directly contradicting a very long tradition in philosophy that had painstakingly assembled innumerable connections between Plato and the pre-Socratics, to reinforce the position that Plato, as his own dialogues imply, was primarily informed by his teacher Socrates, and that Socrates in turn was a willing participant in a philosophical conversation already several hundred years old (again, with a seeming endorsement from Plato, who shows a young Socrates conversing with and learning from the pre-Socratics Parmenides and Zeno in his dialogue the Parmenides—a historical impossibility that might represent figuratively an intellectual rather than direct conversation). The book was intriguing to many philosophers but was poorly received among some classicists, with one reviewer calling Havelock's argument for basic difference between Plato and the pre-Socratics "a failure" and his analysis of Plato and Aristotle "distortion." Some problems have persisted in research of Greek literacy, and in the main, the interest in continuing the line of research has been sustained in scholarship since Havelock's death. Preface to Plato The Liberal Temper makes the argument for the division between Plato and early Greek philosophy without a fully realised account of Havelock's theory of Greek literacy, which he was still developing throughout this period. Rather than attempting once again to explain his distinction between 5th- and 4th-century BC thought in terms of a dissection of the earlier school, Havelock turned, in his 1963 Preface to Plato, to 4th century BC philosophy itself. He was interested principally in Plato's much debated rejection of poetry in the Republic, in which his fictionalised Socrates argues that poetic mimesis—the representation of life in art—is bad for the soul. Havelock's claim was that the Republic can be used to understand the position of poetry in the "history of the Greek mind." The book is divided into two parts, the first an exploration of oral culture (and what Havelock thinks of as oral thought), and the second an argument for what Havelock calls "The Necessity of Platonism" (the title of Part 2): the intimate relationship between Platonic thought and the development of literacy. Instead of concentrating on the philosophical definitions of key terms, as he had in his book on Democritus, Havelock turned to the Greek language itself, arguing that the meaning of words changed after the full development of written literature to admit a self-reflective subject; even pronouns, he said, had different functions. The result was a universal shift in what the Greek mind could imagine: We confront here a change in the Greek language and in the syntax of linguistic usage and in the overtones of certain key words which is part of a larger intellectual revolution, which affected the whole range of the Greek cultural experience ... Our present business is to connect this discovery with that crisis in Greek culture which saw the replacement of an orally memorised tradition by a quite different system of instruction and education, and which therefore saw the Homeric state of mind give way to the Platonic. Two distinct phenomena are covered by the shift Havelock observed in Greek culture at the end of the 5th century: the content of thought (in particular the concept of man or of the soul), and the organisation of thought. In Homer, Havelock argues, the order of ideas is associative and temporal. The epic's "units of meaning ... are linked associatively to form an episode, but the parts of the episode are greater than the whole." For Plato, on the other hand, the purpose of thought is to arrive at the significance of the whole, to move from the specific to the general. Havelock points out that Plato's syntax, which he shares with other 4th-century writers, reflects that organisation, making smaller ideas subordinate to bigger ideas. Thus, the Platonic theory of forms in itself, Havelock claims, derives from a shift in the organisation of the Greek language, and ultimately comes down to a different function for and conception of the noun. Preface to Plato had a profound impact almost immediately after publication, but an impact that was complex and inconsistent. The book's claims refer to the ideas of a number of different fields: the study (then fairly new) of oral literature as well as Greek philosophy and Greek philology; the book also acknowledges the influence of literary theory, particularly structuralism. The 1960s were a period in which those fields were growing further apart, and the reaction to Preface from each of them was starkly different. Among classicists the response ranged from indifference to derision, with the majority simply questioning the details of Havelock's history of literacy, pointing both to earlier instances of writing than Havelock thinks possible or to later instances of oral influence. Philosophy, particularly Platonic scholarship, was moving in a different direction at the time, and Havelock neither engages nor was cited by the principal movers in that field. However, the book was embraced by literary theorists, students of the transition to literacy, and others in fields as diverse as psychology and anthropology. There have been affirmations and criticism of Havelock's methods. His account of orality is based almost entirely on Homer, but the history of the Homeric text is not known, which forces Havelock to make claims based on assumptions that cannot fully be tested. The works of Milman Parry on Homer were instrumental in developing the orientation to his work, and the breakthrough sustained research which Havelock prepared. The "Parry-Lord thesis" was introduced by Rosalind Thomas, to clarify the import of this approach. Some later classicists argue that the poetic nature of Homer's language works against the very arguments Havelock makes about the intellectual nature of oral poetry. What he asserts as a definitive use of language can never be conclusively demonstrated not to be an accident of "metrical convenience." Homerists, like Platonists, found the book to be less than useful for the precise work of their own discipline; many classicists rejected outright Havelock's essential thesis that oral culture predominated through the 5th century. At the same time, though, Havelock's influence, particularly in literary theory, was growing enormously. He is the most cited writer in Walter J. Ong's influential Orality and Literacy other than Ong himself. His work has been cited in studies of orality and literacy in African culture and the implications of modern literacy theory for library science. Preface to Plato has remained continuously in print since its initial publication. Later years Shortly after publication of Preface to Plato, Havelock accepted a position as chair of the Classics Department at Yale University. He remained in New Haven for eight years, and then taught briefly as Raymond Distinguished Professor of Classics at the State University of New York at Buffalo. He retired in 1973 and moved to Poughkeepsie, New York, where his wife Christine Mitchell, whom he had married in 1962, taught at Vassar College. He was a productive scholar after his retirement, writing three books as well as numerous essays and talks expanding the arguments of Preface to Plato to a generalised argument about the effect of literacy on Greek thought, literature, culture, society, and law. Increasingly central to Havelock's account of Greek culture in general was his conception of the Greek alphabet as a unique entity. He wrote in 1977: The invention of the Greek alphabet, as opposed to all previous systems, including the Phoenician, constituted an event in the history of human culture, the importance of which has not as yet been fully grasped. Its appearance divides all pre-Greek civilisations from those that are post-Greek. But his philological concerns now were only a small part of a much larger project to make sense of the nature of the Greek culture itself. His work in this period shows a theoretical sophistication far beyond his earlier efforts, extending his theory of literacy toward a theory of culture itself. He said of the Dipylon inscription, a poetic line scratched into a vase and the earliest Greek writing known at the time, "Here in this casual act by an unknown hand there is announced a revolution which was destined to change the nature of human culture." It is this larger point about the differences between oral and literate culture that represents Havelock's most influential contribution. Walter J. Ong, for example, in assessing the significance of non-oral communication in an oral culture, cites Havelock's observation that scientific categories, which are necessary not only for the natural sciences but also for historical and philosophical analysis, depend on writing. These ideas were sketched out in Preface to Plato but became central to Havelock's work from Prologue to Greek Literacy (1971) onward. In the latter part of his career, Havelock's relentless pursuit of his unvarying thesis led to a lack of interest in addressing opposing viewpoints. In a review of Havelock's The Greek Concept of Justice, a book that attempts to ascribe the most significant ideas in Greek philosophy to his linguistic research, the philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre accuses Havelock of a "brusque refusal to recognize the substance of the case he has to defeat." As a result of this refusal, Havelock seems to have been caught in a conflict of mere contradiction with his opponents, in which without attempt at refutation, he simply asserts repeatedly that philosophy is fundamentally literate in nature, and is countered only with a reminder that, as MacIntyre says, "Socrates wrote no books." In his last public lecture, which was published posthumously, Havelock addressed the political implications of his own scholarly work. Delivered at Harvard on 16 March 1988, less than three weeks before his death, the lecture is framed principally in opposition to the University of Chicago philosopher Leo Strauss. Strauss had published a detailed and extensive critique of Havelock's The Liberal Temper in Greek Politics in March 1959, as "The Liberalism of Classical Political Philosophy" in the journal Review of Metaphysics. (Strauss died 14 years later in 1973, the same year in which Havelock retired.) Havelock's 1988 lecture claims to contain a systematic account of Plato's politics; Havelock argues that Plato's idealism applies a mathematical strictness to politics, countering his old teacher Cornford's assertion that Platonic arguments that morality must be analyzable in arithmetical terms cannot be serious. This way of thinking about politics, Havelock concluded, could not be used as a model for understanding or shaping inherently nonmathematical interactions: "The stuff of human politics is conflict and compromise." Major works The Lyric Genius of Catullus. Oxford: Blackwell, 1939. The Crucifixion of Intellectual Man, Incorporating a Fresh Translation into English Verse of the Prometheus Bound of Aeschylus. Boston: Beacon Press, 1950. Reprinted as Prometheus. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1968. The Liberal Temper in Greek Politics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957. Preface to Plato. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1963. Prologue to Greek Literacy. Cincinnati: University of Cincinnati Press, 1971. The Greek Concept of Justice: From its Shadow in Homer to its Substance in Plato. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978. The Literate Revolution in Greece and its Cultural Consequences. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1981. The Muse Learns to Write: Reflections on Orality and Literacy from Antiquity to the Present. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986. Notes and references External links Chapter-by-chapter redaction of Preface to Plato by Anthony J. Mioni Official page for Preface to Plato from the Harvard University Press. Guide to the Eric Alfred Havelock Papers at the Yale University Archives, compiled by Carol King; contains a biography. Eric A. Havelock, Chinese Characters and the Greek Alphabet, Sino-Platonic Papers, 5 (December 1987) 1903 births 1988 deaths 20th-century British historians Academic staff of Acadia University Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge British Christian socialists British classical scholars British expatriates in Canada British expatriates in the United States British scholars of ancient Greek philosophy Canadian Christian socialists Classical scholars of Harvard University Classical scholars of the University of Toronto Classical scholars of Yale University Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Harvard University faculty Historians of printing Mass media theorists Philosophers of technology Literacy and society theorists People educated at The Leys School Theorists on Western civilization University at Buffalo faculty Writers from London Yale Sterling Professors	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20A.%20Havelock
Delaney Collins (born May 2, 1977) is a Canadian retired ice hockey player and coach. She announced her retirement from international play on August 23, 2011. Playing career Collins was a member of the Calgary Oval X-Treme in 2007 and 2008, as the team won the WWHL crown in both years. University In 1998, she played with the Concordia Stingers of the CIAU. The Stingers won the 1998 CIAU championship and Collins was named to the CIAU All-Canadian team. Collins played with the University of Alberta Pandas women's ice hockey program from 2003 to 2005. She won the CIS National Championship with the Pandas in 2004. Collins assisted on the game-winning goal scored by Danielle Bourgeois in the 2004 CIS National Championship game. Esso Nationals She participated in numerous Esso Women's Nationals. Her first experience was in 1999 when she played with Team British Columbia (the team was from New Westminster). The following year, she would play with Team Alberta and win a bronze medal. In 2001, 2003 and 2007, Collins was part of the gold medal winning Team Alberta roster. Floorball In 2010, Collins played for Team Canada's Women's National Floorball Team in the World Floorball Championship Qualification series against Team USA in Vancouver, British Columbia. She became the first player to suit up for Team Canada in both ice hockey and floorball. Coaching career On August 23, 2011, Collins was hired as an assistant coach for the 2011–12 Mercyhurst Lakers women's ice hockey season. From 2011-16, Collins served on the coaching staff of the Mercyhurst Lakers where they attended he Frozen Four in 2012-13 and 2013-14. Collins was named an assistant coach of Canada's National Women's Under-18 Team for the 2014–15 and 2016-17 season and Head Coach for the 2017-2018 season. Collins was an Assistant Coach for Canada's National Women's Development Team in 2013-14 and 2015–16, which won gold at the 2016 Nations Cup in Fussen, Germany beating the Finnish National Team in overtime Awards and honours 1998 CIAU All-Canadian team Canada West First Team All-Star (2004, 2005) CIS First All-Canadian Team (2004, 2005) 2005 CIS National Championship All-Star Team MEDIA ALL-STAR TEAM – 2007 World Women's Championship 2007 Manitoba Female Athlete of the Year References 1977 births Alberta Pandas women's ice hockey players Athol Murray College of Notre Dame alumni Canadian women's ice hockey defencemen Concordia Stingers women's ice hockey players Ice hockey people from Manitoba Living people People from Pilot Mound, Manitoba Calgary Oval X-Treme players	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaney%20Collins
Trevor Ruffin (born September 26, 1970) is an American former professional basketball player who played briefly in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The 6'1" point guard played at the University of Hawaii from 1992 to 1994. While leading the Rainbow Warriors to a 1994 NCAA tournament appearance, Trevor set the school's single game individual scoring record with 42 points vs. the University of Louisville. He entered the NBA undrafted in 1994, where he played with the Phoenix Suns and the Philadelphia 76ers from 1994–1996. He played with the PAOK from Thessaloniki Greece in 1995. He was waived by the ABA's Buffalo Rapids/Silverbacks during the 2005–2006 season due to injury but returned as interim head coach in November 2006 following the resignation of Richard Jacob. He has since been succeeded by Marc Fulcher. Although he only started in 24 out of 110 career NBA games, Ruffin was known to provide instant point production when he entered the game as a substitute. Similar to another 6'1" former Phoenix Sun guard Eddie House, Ruffin provided "instant offense" when he came into the game off the bench. In fact, during his rookie season with Phoenix in 1994–95, he averaged 29.2 points per 40 minutes (nearly 5 points in 6.5 minutes per game) while playing as a 12th man behind Elliot Perry and Kevin Johnson. External links NBA stats @ basketballreference.com College stats @ sportsstats.com 1970 births Living people African-American basketball players American Basketball Association (2000–present) coaches American men's basketball coaches American men's basketball players Arizona Western Matadors men's basketball players Basketball players from Buffalo, New York Basketball coaches from New York (state) Florida Beachdogs players Greek Basket League players Hawaii Rainbow Warriors basketball players P.A.O.K. BC players Philadelphia 76ers players Phoenix Suns players Point guards Sportspeople from Buffalo, New York Undrafted National Basketball Association players Vancouver Grizzlies expansion draft picks 21st-century African-American sportspeople 20th-century African-American sportspeople	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20Ruffin
The Hilltop may refer to: The Hilltop (newspaper), the student newspaper of Howard University in Washington, D.C. The Hilltop (novel), a 2013 Israeli novel by Assaf Gavron Hilltop, Columbus, Ohio "The Hilltop", a nickname for Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. "The Hilltop", a nickname for Saint Anselm College in Manchester, N.H. "The Hilltop", a nickname for Southern Methodist University in Dallas, TX Nickname for the University of San Francisco in San Francisco, CA Hilltop Park, an early Major League Baseball park in New York City	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Hilltop
Norma Chávez (born 29 June 1960) served seven terms as a member of the Democratic Party in the Texas House of Representatives representing District 76 (which includes part of El Paso County). She was defeated for re-election by Naomi Gonzalez in the Democratic primary runoff held on April 13, 2010, and left office in January 2011. In 2009, she opposed an El Paso county ethics bill, causing controversy. She also was featured on the Texas Monthly's "Dishonorable Mention" list because she engaged in a feud with state representative Marisa Marquez, whom she texted, "U ridiculed my education every drunk opportunity u had. U R not my friend" after Marquez had allegedly ridiculed her while drunk at a lobbyist party. She held a $3,529 graduation party, well attended by Republican and Democratic lawmakers (featuring mariachis, a barbecue lunch and cake) paid for by lobbyists. Legislative career During the 81st Legislature, Chávez initiated a bill to increase funding for the Skills Development Fund (SDF) job-training program, as well as authoring legislation which was signed into law that established reporting requirements for the investment portfolio of the Texas Emerging Technology Fund. She enacted legislation which was signed into law allowing the Texas Workforce Commission to commit SDF training grants as an incentive to attract out of state employers who commit to establishing a place of business in Texas. Additionally, she passed legislation that allows for increased funding for school districts affected by Base Realignment and Closure, and regulations that require a feasibility study of establishing a law school in Texas' Border region, among other legislation she passed this session. In previous sessions, she passed legislation that will establish four new courts in El Paso County. Also, she passed legislation that expands the Public Safety Commission from 3 to 5 members. Chávez passed legislation that will let Texas compete with its neighboring states by allowing local communities to offer an exemption on goods-in-transit. She passed legislation to streamline administrative processes at the Health and Human Services Commission by requiring the commissioner to develop guidelines and standards to allow for the use of electronic signatures. Chávez passed legislation that will require the Texas Bond Review Board to comprehensively review the effect of new debt authorizations and appropriations on debt services on the state's future capacity. As the only person from the El Paso Delegation to serve on a budget-writing committee this session, Rep. Chávez secured the $48 million needed to open the Texas Tech Medical School in El Paso. Additionally, she removed a bureaucratic and unnecessary contingency measure that would have required medical school officials to go before the state to ask for the remaining $18 million needed to open the school. She also allocated the $9 million needed to restore solvency to the Fire Fighters' Pension Fund. Rep. Chávez also secured the $1 million needed in debt service to issue $12 million in bonds for the Economically Distressed Areas Program (EDAP). EDAP helps communities build water and wastewater services. Chávez passed legislation that increased funding for the Skills Development Fund, from $25 million to $40 million, over the next biennium. Since its inception in 1996, the Skills Development program has helped over 2,500 employers create almost 55,000 jobs and has retrained about 85,000 workers. Rep. Chávez also passed legislation to require local workforce development boards to include financial literacy education in worker retraining programs offered by the Texas Workforce Commission. She also passed legislation that improves the inspections of farm worker housing. During 79th Legislature, Rep. Chávez along with Senator Eliot Shapleigh, Texas Civil Rights Project, ACLU, LULAC, MALDEF and many other organizations, stood up against and defeated legislation filed by a special interest group that would have disenfranchised over 75,000 voters from voting in El Paso County Water Improvement District No. 1 manager elections. Rep. Chávez filed legislation and led the historical initiative in the Texas House of Representatives, declaring the first Texas holiday honoring a Latino, for civil rights activist and labor leader César Chávez. She also honored Cesar Chávez by passing legislation that designated Loop 375 as the César Chávez Border Highway. Rep. Chávez also filed and passed "the coyote bill" creating a state penalty for those individuals who use Texas highways, lands, and waterways to transport undocumented workers for a profit. She passed an amendment to the Texas Constitution which prohibits home equity lenders from redlining in Texas. Additionally, Rep. Chávez introduced and passed a floor amendment to protect farm workers' right to know when pesticides are used and passed legislation protecting temporary workers from discrimination. Her initiatives in the field of health care include the authoring and passage of legislation establishing the Border Health Institute, legislation creating the Texas Tech Diabetes Research Center as well as legislation creating the Border Telemedicine Pilot Project. She also passed legislation creating a NAFTA Impact Zone and providing technology training for workers displaced by NAFTA. Rep. Chávez passed legislation that created the Center of Law and Border Studies at the University of Texas at El Paso and legislation that created El Paso County Criminal Courts at Law No. 1 and No. 2. She passed historic legislation to expand the Texas Transportation Commission from 3 to 5 members, which increased border representation on transportation issues. Community service Chávez has served on the Executive Committees of the Greater El Paso Chamber of Commerce and the Business Opportunities Council and is currently a member of both the El Paso Hispanic Chamber of Commerce and the Greater El Paso Chamber of Commerce. In 1995, as a citizen, Chávez organized a citizen lobby, including 170 small businesses, legislative members, small and big business interests, and citizens, which aided in the passage of state legislation that de-centralized automobile emissions testing. By considering the health and environmental hazards, Chávez organized efforts to prevent nuclear waste from being disposed at Sierra Blanca. A former public-action organizer for the United Farm Workers, Chávez has organized public support for a fair and just food supply and for issues affecting migrant farm workers. Chávez has received training by the Industrial Areas Foundation. Chávez was a board member of Community Alliance Promoting Education Alternatives (CAPEA), an organization which seeks positive intervention and prevention in the lives of at-risk youth. Chávez is a former board member of the Friends of the El Paso Museum of Art. 2009 lobbyist controversy On July 16, 2009, the El Paso Times reported that Chávez had her staff request that 17 lobbyists pay for a $3,500 celebration for her earning a Bachelor of Arts degree. The event had a Longhorn ice sculpture, mariachis, a barbecue lunch and cake. Chávez preferred not to disclose anything in this regard. One lobbyist, Claudia Russell who represented El Paso County, said she paid $150 to the party after Chávez's staff requested a contribution. "I don't know if I wanted to," Russell said. "I just kinda felt it was my duty to." On July 28, 2009, the El Paso Times published a letter by Russell that said, "Because these events are not unusual and because I attended the event, when asked, I mistakenly stated that I helped sponsor the event. After reviewing my records, I did not sponsor Rep. Chávez's graduation party. I confused it with an earlier event that I did help sponsor. I apologize for the mistake. But let me make one thing perfectly clear: I was not asked by Rep. Chávez's staff to contribute to the graduation party. Furthermore, I did not make a contribution." Chávez said she would not allow Russell into her office any more. Russell said that she contributed to another of Chávez's parties, not the graduation party. Chávez claimed she was lying and wanted an apology. Chávez met with County Judge Anthony Cobos, County Commissioner Anna Perez and a top executive at Bickerstaff, Heath, Delgado, Acosta, the law firm that employs Russell. But the county's commissioners said a public apology was unnecessary and inappropriate. "This isn't about Claudia or the county," Perez said. "The story was about lobbyists paying for that party," County Commissioner Anna Perez said. None of the lobbyists talked to the newspaper, and Chávez would not release their names. Tom "Smithy" Smith, director of Public Citizen in Texas, told the paper: "She made a big darn deal out of it as one of the highlights of her life, so those that contributed are going to be on her good buddies' list." Andrew Wheat, research director with the watchdog group Texans for Public Justice, told the paper, "It might have been far more in the public interest to scale back the size of the party … People graduate all the time without lobbyists paying for ice sculptures at their graduation parties." El Paso County ethics bill An FBI investigation into corruption in El Paso County resulted in 10 elected officials, government and employees and businessmen pleading guilty to bribery and fraud. During the 2009 session, county officials pushed for legislation to establish a County ethics commission code to pursue and punish corruption violations. The ethics commission will have developed standards of conduct for county officials, employees, vendors, lobbyists and others who do business with the county. Chávez did express her concerns regarding the legislation and made public her analysis of the legislation. Chávez identified at least 40 points of her concern ranging from the constitutionality of the commission, to the broad use or lack of definitions, conflicts of interest, among others. The bill originally as drafted did not allow for review on a ruling by a District Court, or de novo review. The Texas Ethics Commission has adopted the standard de novo review. Additionally, the bill establishes the County Attorney as the legal adviser to the proposed Ethics Commission. Currently, the County Attorney offers legal advice and counsel to elected officials and departments of the county. The County Attorney could find him or herself in a position where his client, the government official who asked for his advice and followed it, is facing charges from the County Attorney's other client the client, the Ethics Commission. Some of the suggestions made by Chávez were ultimately incorporated in the final version of the bill. Currently, El Paso County does have an Ethics Board. Recently, concerns were expressed by a county official on the proposed Ethics Commission. El Paso County Commissioner Dan Haggerty said his fear was that the new commission would be used as a political weapon that could harm officials wrongly accused of unethical behavior. Such allegations, he said, usually make splashy headlines, but the news does not get much attention when accusations turn out to be false. 2006 incident with El Paso neighbors In November 2006 Chávez's neighbors filed a police report saying that Chávez shouted profanity and threats at them, to have their dog taken away. The neighbors filed two police reports complaining that Chávez became enraged about their dog. Chávez told the media that her neighbors were lying and that she wasn't in El Paso at the time of the alleged events. No charges were filed against Chávez, and police said the complaints were not investigated. 2002 police incident In December 2002, El Paso police closed a party, attended by Chávez, in her staffer's apartment, after neighbors complained of drug use in progress and noise. The police report was obtained by the El Paso Times on March 2, 2006. In the report, police reported Chávez was "highly intoxicated" and "abusive." The officers received a barrage and insults. No charges were filed against Chávez. A March 2, 2006 El Paso Times story detailed the report. At the party, two men were arrested, a January 30, 2003 the El Paso Times reported. The charges against these two men were dismissed according to the March 2, 2006 El Paso Times story. Proposition 12 In 2003, a constitutional amendment - Proposition 12 - that permitted caps on civil damage awards was put up to a vote. The amendment needed 100 votes. Republicans held 88 seats and uniformly supported the measure, and thus needed 12 Democrats to support the bill. Chávez told the Mexican American Caucus she would vote against the measure. But when the vote reached the floor, Chávez voted for the amendment. For this, Dolores Huerta, the former United Farmworkers activist who opposed the measure, said that Chávez "deserves to catch some heat in her district" for her vote Voters in El Paso County passed Proposition 12 by 60% when it appeared on the ballot. Texas Monthly criticism Campaign contributions In 2006, Chávez's major contributor was Bob J. Perry, a Houston homebuilder and major contributor to conservative Republican 527 groups, including Swift Vets and POWs for Truth, the group that "swift boated" John Kerry in the 2004 presidential campaign. Bob Perry has also donated to numerous other Texas Democrats, including: Senators Rodney Ellis, Leticia Van de Putte, Mario Gallegos, Judith Zaffirini and Juan Hinojosa; Representatives Alma Allen, Ellen Cohen, Sylvester Turner, Rick Noriega (former member), Debra Danburg (former member), Dawnna Dukes, Jessica Farrar, Jose Menendez, Allan Ritter, Ruth Jones McClendon, Michael Villarreal, Harold Dutton, Helen Giddings, David Farabee, Armando Martinez, among others. Texas Ethics Commission sanction In 2006, the Texas Ethics Commission found credible evidence that she neglected to report $28,650.71 in political contributions. Her July 2005 report initially disclosed only $900 of political contributions. It was also found that she had failed to report all political contributions on four occasions. She was imposed a civil penalty fine for the same. Election history 2008 2006 2004 2002 2000 1998 1996 References District 76 candidate debate article from El Paso Times 1960 births Politicians from El Paso, Texas Living people Members of the Texas House of Representatives Hispanic and Latino American state legislators in Texas Hispanic and Latino American women in politics Women state legislators in Texas 21st-century American politicians 21st-century American women politicians	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norma%20Ch%C3%A1vez
Carr Vattal Van Anda (December 2, 1864 – January 29, 1945) was the managing editor of The New York Times under Adolph Ochs, from 1904 to 1932. Biography Van Anda was born in Georgetown, Ohio to Frederick Van Anda and Mariah Davis. He moved to New York in order to become a journalist and editor. Beginning at the New York Sun he moved to The New York Times in 1904. Van Anda was an academic, studying astronomy and physics at Ohio University, and started in journalism at The Cleveland Herald and Gazette and later The Baltimore Sun before being picked up by Adolph Simon Ochs, who valued intelligent and accurate news reporting. Van Anda gave political and scientific news coverage the same zeal normally reserved for sports and celebrities. Fluent in hieroglyphics, he secured near-exclusive coverage of the opening of Tutankhamun's tomb by Howard Carter in 1923. He famously corrected a mathematical error in a speech given by Albert Einstein that was to be printed in the Times. He was instrumental in getting a scoop for The Times on the story of the sinking of the RMS Titanic in 1912. While other newspapers were printing the White Star Line's ambiguous story about the Titanic having trouble after hitting an iceberg, Van Anda (who had received a bulletin reporting a CQD (now SOS) call from the Titanic,) figured that a lack of communication from the ship meant that the worst had happened and printed a headline stating that the Titanic had sunk. Another notable story was the 1911 New York State Capitol fire in Albany, New York, which he covered with a phone call and some journalistic invention. As his career progressed, it was said of him that "he is the most illustrious unknown man in America." According to a New Yorker profile piece, V.A. (as he was called) practiced "a fierce anonymity while bestowing fleeting fame on some and withholding it from others." On April 11, 1898, Van Anda married Louise Shipman Drane, who was born in Frankfort, Kentucky, on November 26, 1873, to George Canning Drane and Mary Shipman. They had a son, Paul Drane Van Anda (born March 30, 1899). Van Anda died of a heart attack in 1945 immediately upon learning of his daughter's death. The E.W. Scripps School of Journalism at Ohio University gave the "Carr Van Anda Award" to recognize outstanding work by journalists during their careers. He is referenced by Richard Gere's character in episode 7 of the BBC Drama MotherFatherSon. References Sources NPR story Carr Van Anda Biography at E.W. Scripps School of Journalism, Ohio University. David W. Dunlap, "1925: In One Day, The Times Lost a World of Knowledge", The New York Times, Dec. 16, 2014. Further reading 1860s births 1945 deaths People from Georgetown, Ohio The New York Sun people The New York Times editors Journalists from Ohio	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carr%20Van%20Anda
In population genetics, a selection coefficient, usually denoted by the letter s, is a measure of differences in relative fitness. Selection coefficients are central to the quantitative description of evolution, since fitness differences determine the change in genotype frequencies attributable to selection. The following definition of s is commonly used. Suppose that there are two genotypes A and B in a population with relative fitnesses and respectively. Then, choosing genotype A as our point of reference, we have , and , where s measures the fitness advantage (s>0) or disadvantage (s<0) of B. For example, the lactose-tolerant allele spread from very low frequencies to high frequencies in less than 9000 years since farming with an estimated selection coefficient of 0.09-0.19 for a Scandinavian population. Though this selection coefficient might seem like a very small number, over evolutionary time, the favored alleles accumulate in the population and become more and more common, potentially reaching fixation. See also Evolutionary pressure References Population genetics Evolutionary biology	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection%20coefficient
Linux Fund is an organization that has been raising money and making donations to Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) projects since 1999. IRS 501(c)(3) status was granted to Linux Fund in August 2007, allowing direct solicitations to individuals and charitable foundations. Prior to receiving the 501(c)(3) letter, the principal funding source had been an affinity credit card program with credit cards bearing a graphic of Tux, the Linux Penguin. Visa cards are currently offered in the US by US Bank; Roots Linux Fund was founded at the peak of the 1999 high-tech boom with an affinity credit card from MBNA. They gave away their first T-shirt in the summer of 1999 at the LinuxWorld Expo. By the summer of 2000, their Grants to Developers Program had begun. Confusion and stagnation A few years after surviving the dot-com bubble, the organization fell into stagnation. In June 2005, investigating reports that their website was down, NewsForge's Jay Lyman revealed that the organization was not actively distributing funds to FOSS projects. Lyman reported that funds from the MBNA cards continued to flow and the organization had $126,155.29 (and growing) in the bank. Then-executive-director, Jerritt Collord, told Lyman that he had gotten "burned out" and that the "largely one-man organization" was sitting idle after lackluster success with his Open Oregon Technology Center. Rebuilding In the Fall of 2005 the founding directors met, decided to clean up the organizational backlog and start funding FOSS projects again. In June 2005, Bank of America bought MBNA. In April 2007, Bank of America gave Linux Fund notice that the affinity MasterCard program would be discontinued effective June 30, 2007. On July 1, 2007 US Bank released a Linux Fund Visa card. In August 2007 the IRS granted Linux Fund 501(c)(3) status. In May 2009 the Open Hardware Foundation joined Linux Fund. Current projects Prior to cancellation by Bank of America, Linux Fund was supporting about 10 different projects including Debian, the Wikimedia Foundation, Blender (software), Free Geek, freenode, and OpenSSH. A typical grant was $500/month with renewable 6 and 12-month commitments. Linux Fund has also given lump-sum donations on the order of $1,000–$5,000. Project funding was frozen briefly when Bank of America canceled the USA MasterCard agreement. Funding has since resumed with the new US Bank Visa card. Current projects include a mix of open-source software and hardware projects including Gnash, Inkscape, LiVES, and the Open Graphics Project. Funding model In 2005 Debian Project Leader Branden Robinson thanked the Linux Fund for their continued support of the Debian Project and noted the benefit of long-term grants to FOSS projects: This funding will ... enable us to do a bit more forward planning. Debian runs entirely on donations ... and a steady, predictable flow of revenue should help us feel comfortable with some more long-range resource planning. Linux Fund deserves not just our thanks, but credit for pioneering new funding models for the Free Software community. Cards The original USA Linux Fund card was a MasterCard issued by MBNA. The current USA Linux Fund card is a Visa issued by US Bank. The current and original USA BSD Fund card is a Visa issued by US Bank. The Canadian Linux Fund card was a MasterCard issued by MBNA. It is no longer offered. Board members Ilan Rabinovitch, Jeremy Garcia, Randal Schwartz Current officers Ilan Rabinovitch, President; Jeremy Garcia, Secretary. Randal Schwartz Former Board Members Scott Rainey, Michael Dexter, Iris Oren, Benjamin Cox, Candace Ramcharan, Dan Carrere. References Sources http://www.linuxfund.org/team/ http://ask.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/06/03/1845234 http://www.linuxpr.com/releases/11204.html External links Linux Fund Linux organizations Philanthropic organizations based in the United States Organizations established in 1999 1999 establishments in the United States	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LinuxFund
The Statutes of Canada (SC) compiles, by year, all the laws passed by the Parliament of Canada since Confederation in 1867. The Revised Statutes of Canada (RSC) consolidates current federal laws in force, incorporating amendments into acts, adding new substantive acts enacted since the last revision and deleting rescinded acts. The Statutes of Canada are organized by alphabetical order and are updated and amended by the Government of Canada from time to time. Publication of statutes At the time that the Interpretation Act (1867) was passed, the Statutes of Canada were required to be distributed and published at the end of each session of parliament. This was changed in 1984, with the volumes of the Statutes of Canada being required to be distributed and published at the end of each calendar year. Acts in the Statutes volumes are referred to as "Annual Statutes." After public acts are passed but before they are compiled in the Statutes, they are published in Part III of the Canada Gazette every three months. See also Canada Gazette CanLII References External links Consolidated Statutes of Canada from CanLII Main	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statutes%20of%20Canada
Paul Shaffer and the World's Most Dangerous Band is an American musical ensemble led by Paul Shaffer. It was David Letterman's house band for 33 years. The band formed in 1982 to serve as house band for NBC's Late Night with David Letterman. When Letterman moved to CBS and began hosting the Late Show with David Letterman in 1993, the band added a horn section and second guitarist, renaming itself (due to an intellectual property dispute with NBC) the CBS Orchestra, a name that lasted until Letterman left the Late Show in 2015. After a two-year hiatus, in 2017, the band was revived by Shaffer using its original name and released an album titled Paul Shaffer & The World's Most Dangerous Band, followed by a tour. Band name The band was initially unnamed, although in early 1982 it was occasionally jokingly referred to as "The World’s Most Dangerous Band" when closing the show, sometimes alternating it with "Paul Shaffer and the Orchestra," "Paul and the Organization," "Paul Shaffer and the Folks," "Paul Shaffer and the Melody Makers," or a combination: "Paul Shaffer and the World’s Most Dangerous Orchestra." These were all unofficial names, and were dropped by mid-1982; from 1982 to 1987, the group was simply referred to "Paul Shaffer and the Band" (except for a very brief period in spring 1983 when the band was referred to for several episodes, again unofficially, as "Paul Shaffer and the Party Boys of Rock and Roll.") The 1985 video "You Kill Me" (aired on the David Letterman Holiday Film Festival special) is credited on-screen to "Paul Shaffer and the Band". In the summer of 1987, the band began to be announced as "Paul Shaffer and the NBC Orchestra," both in on-air conversation and in the show's opening announcements. In on-air conversations between Letterman and Shaffer, Shaffer, when asked which band name he preferred, made it clear that his preference was for "The World’s Most Dangerous Band", feeling that the "NBC Orchestra" name rightly belonged to The Tonight Show band of Doc Severinson. Accordingly, with the broadcast of September 25, 1987, the band was officially announced as "Paul Shaffer and the World’s Most Dangerous Band," and was always announced with that billing for the rest of Late Night'''s run (through mid-1993). The group was forced to rename itself when Letterman left NBC, and NBC claimed that the name "The World's Most Dangerous Band" was its intellectual property. Around this time, the group released an album credited to "Paul Shaffer and the Party Boys of Rock 'n' Roll". The name "Paul Shaffer and The CBS Orchestra" dated from the start of the show on CBS in 1993. The band was not featured on CBS programming outside of the Late Show. According to the Late Show with David Letterman credits, the name "CBS Orchestra" is the property of CBS; CBS had not had an orchestra since The Ed Sullivan Show (whose house band absorbed most of the Alfredo Antonini-led CBS Orchestra that had served as the CBS Radio Network's primary band during its existence) ended its run in 1971. When the band reassembled after the end of Late Show in 2016, it was able to reclaim its former name, "The World's Most Dangerous Band", as NBC had not used the name for several years and thus had abandoned any trademark claim over it. Beyond Late Show Besides being the house band for the Late Show, the group has also been the house band for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremonies since 1986 and continued in this role for the 2015 award ceremony, which was held April 18, 2015 but aired on HBO several days after the finale of the Late Show with David Letterman. In 1999, the group was the back-up band for the Concert of the Century at the White House. In 2001, they also served as the backup band for The Concert for New York City, where they performed with David Bowie, Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, Eric Clapton and Buddy Guy, Macy Gray and James Taylor. After Letterman The orchestra disbanded after the Late Show ended on May 20, 2015. Jazz musician Jon Batiste was announced by new host Stephen Colbert as the new Late Shows bandleader on June 4, 2015, with his band, Stay Human, becoming the show's new house band. The World's Most Dangerous Band reassembled in 2016 in order to record a self-titled album, released on March 17, 2017, followed by a tour. The group performed as the house band for the Grammy Awards Premiere Ceremony in 2018. The group performed as the guest house band for The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon on February 3, 2023, subbing in for The Roots who traveled to Los Angeles for that weekend's Grammys. This occurred two days after the 41st anniversary of Late Night with David Letterman and marked the band's first full appearance on NBC since Late Night ended in 1993. Membership The original membership of "The World's Most Dangerous Band" was assembled in early 1982 and consisted of Paul Shaffer (keyboards); Will Lee (bass); Hiram Bullock (guitar) and Steve Jordan (drums). Lee, Bullock and Jordan were all previously members of The 24th Street Band, a jazz/rock fusion ensemble that released three albums in the late 1970s. The fourth member of the 24th Street Band was keyboard player Clifford Carter. Shaffer was a regular attendee at their shows and had worked with Lee as a session musician. When it came time to create a band for Late Night, Shaffer simply recruited the three non-keyboard playing members of the 24th Street Band, in essence hiring a ready-made supporting band for himself. Bullock dropped out of the band around the end of 1983. Shaffer had met guitarist Sid McGinnis in 1978; McGinnis became a permanent member of the group, replacing Bullock, in 1984. Jordan was the second to exit, in 1986, and was replaced by Anton Fig, who had been the backup drummer for Kiss in the late-1970s. Shaffer and Fig had first played together at a Joan Armatrading recording session in March 1980. From the mid-1980s through 1993, saxophone player David Sanborn was a frequent guest player, usually sitting in with the band on Thursday or Friday nights. Sanborn was originally intended to be a permanent band member. During the interregnum between the end of Late Night on NBC and the beginning of Late Show on CBS, being unable to use the name "The World's Most Dangerous Band" due to an intellectual property claim by NBC, the band released an album The World's Most Dangerous Party, under the name "Paul Shaffer and the Party Boys of Rock 'n Roll". When Letterman moved to CBS to host the Late Show in 1993, the band came along, renaming itself, with CBS's blessing, "Paul Shaffer and the CBS Orchestra", and was greatly expanded. Felicia Collins was added as a second guitarist and eventually a vocalist (over the course of the show, she occasionally shared top billing with Shaffer, as "Paul Shaffer, Felicia Collins and the CBS Orchestra"); she had first performed with Lee in 1985 when they backed the Thompson Twins at Live Aid in Philadelphia. Two years later, she and Shaffer had first performed together at a benefit concert for homeless children, hosted by Paul Simon. A contract stipulation with previous producer Johnny Carson prohibited the World's Most Dangerous Band from having a horn section, so as not to emulate the NBC Orchestra seen on The Tonight Show. With Carson's retirement and the change of network, the stipulation was no longer in effect, and Shaffer was now free to add horns. Initially he did not do so, instead using a lead synthesizer operated by Bernie Worrell; Worrell departed after two months, and a horn section was added. The band added trombonist Tom Malone and saxophonist Bruce Kapler. Trumpeter Al Chez was added in February 1997. Shaffer and trombonist Malone had first worked together in 1975, as original members of the Saturday Night Live Band; they had also helped organize the original Blues Brothers in 1978. Kapler and Chez occasionally sat in with the World's Most Dangerous Band starting in 1988. Following Bruce Kapler's departure from the CBS Orchestra, saxophonist Aaron Heick eventually became Kapler's permanent replacement. Heick was the most frequent substitute during the roughly seven month transition-period between permanent saxophonists. He can be heard alongside Will Lee on the 2008 Terry Silverlight album Diamond in the Riff. In addition, frequent substitute for Anton Fig, Shawn Pelton (of Saturday Night Live fame) had been the drummer on Heick's own 2009 debut album, Daylight and Darkness. Al Chez would leave the band in 2012 and be replaced by trumpeter Frank Greene, who like Tom Malone, is an alumnus of the famed One O'Clock Lab Band at the North Texas State University. The World's Most Dangerous Band Paul Shaffer on keyboards (1982–1993) Will Lee on bass guitar and vocals (1982–1993) Steve Jordan on drums and percussion (1982–1986) Hiram Bullock on guitar (1982–1984) Sid McGinnis on guitar (1984–1993) Anton Fig on drums and percussion (1986–1993) Final CBS Orchestra members Paul Shaffer on keyboards, and vocals (August 1993–May 2015) Anton Fig on drums and percussion (August 1993–May 2015) Felicia Collins on guitar, vocals, and percussion (August 1993–May 2015) Sid McGinnis on guitar, pedal steel guitar and vocals (August 1993–May 2015) Will Lee on bass guitar and vocals (August 1993–May 2015) Tom "Bones" Malone on trombone, trumpet, saxophone, piccolo and percussion (November 1993–May 2015) Aaron Heick on saxophone (August 2012–May 2015) Frank Greene on trumpet and percussion (August 2012–May 2015) Former Bernie Worrell on synthesizers (August 1993–November 1993) Bruce Kapler on saxophone, flute, and vocals (November 1993–February 2012) Al Chez on trumpet, vocals, and percussion (February 1997–July 2012) Paul Shaffer & the World's Most Dangerous Band (2017 revival) Paul Shaffer on keyboards and vocals Felicia Collins on guitar and vocals Anton Fig on drums Will Lee on bass and vocals Sid McGinnis on guitar Tom Malone on horns Frank Greene on horns Aaron Heick on horns Band member timeline Guest members When Paul Shaffer was unavailable, Warren Zevon was usually the substitute bandleader prior to his death in 2003. On October 13, 2005, Booker T. Jones filled in for Shaffer, and Anton Fig was bandleader. Jeff Kazee also filled in for Paul on occasion after Zevon's death. Michael Bearden infrequently substituted for Shaffer as a keyboardist, with drummer Fig taking on the role of bandleader. However, this was before Bearden was named the bandleader on George Lopez's ill-fated TBS talk show, Lopez Tonight. For the April 6, 2001, show, the band expanded to 50 players to become the CBS Giant Orchestra with 16 violins, 8 violas, 4 cellos, 3 trumpets, 2 trombones, 1 bass trombone, 4 saxophones, 2 harps, 1 keyboard and 1 percussionist. Phil Collins played drums with Steve Jordan in the band when he was a guest on the Letterman show on March 26, 1985. Eddie Van Halen also performed guitar for the band on a 1985 episode taped in Los Angeles. Drummer Shawn Pelton of the Saturday Night Live Band sits in on the drums when Anton Fig is absent. On the June 15, 2010, episode, bassist Larry Graham of Sly and The Family Stone and Graham Central Station was a guest of the band, playing bass and providing vocals. Graham also sat in on October 8, 2012. New York area bassist Neil Jason often fills in for Will Lee, most recently on August 21, 2012. Lou Marini "Blue Lou" the American saxophonist, arranger, and composer made several guest appearances on the show during the 80's and 90's.<https://www.blueloumarini.com/bio.html> David Sanborn on saxophone was an occasional guest member of the band during its NBC days. In February 2012, after longtime saxophonist Bruce Kapler departed the orchestra, a string of guest saxophonists (including Tom Timko of Will Lee's Beatles tribute band The Fab Faux) substituted for him until one of the substitutes (Aaron Heick) was named the permanent replacement. During the week of August 13, 2012, trumpeter Greg Adams from Tower of Power sat in with the band. Discography Albums The band has released three albums: 1988: Paul Shaffer, Coast to Coast (Capitol Records) (Contains Late Night with David Letterman theme song "Late Night") 1993: Paul Shaffer & the Party Boys of Rock 'n' Roll, The World's Most Dangerous Party (SBK Records, Capitol Records) 2017: Paul Shaffer & The World's Most Dangerous Band (Sire Records) Singles "What is Soul" "You Kill Me" "When The Radio is On" "Happy Street" Among the most famous songs of the band are also the covers of the classic songs "Louie Louie" and "Wang Dang Doodle" and the original theme song for Late Night with David Letterman''. References Musical groups from New York City David Letterman Musical groups established in 1982 Radio and television house bands Musical groups disestablished in 2015 1982 establishments in New York City	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Shaffer%20and%20the%20World%27s%20Most%20Dangerous%20Band
The Revised Statutes of Canada (R.S.C. or RSC) consolidates current federal laws in force, incorporating amendments into acts, adding new substantive acts enacted since the last revision and deleting rescinded acts. Supplements to the RSC contain new or amended statutes, while consolidations republish laws for convenience without changing their legal effect. The Statutes of Canada (SC) are the compilation of all the laws passed by the Parliament. History There have been six revisions: in 1886, 1906, 1927, 1952, 1970, and 1985. Publication The Publication of Statutes Act does not apply to the Revised Statutes. References External links Consolidated Statutes of Canada from CanLII RSC 1886, volume 1 on Google Books RSC 1886, volume 2 on Google Books 1985 in Canadian law 1970 in Canadian law 1927 in Canadian law	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised%20Statutes%20of%20Canada
Mid-Orange Correctional Facility was an all-male, medium security prison located in the town of Warwick, New York. It closed in 2011. This facility was involved in a controversial case in which a correctional officer, Christopher Nuttall, started taking in cats left astray in the area. In collaboration with inmates, he cared for the cats and fed them. He was suspended and later fired on charges of "contraband and collaboration with inmates". Two months later, he was hired again, with the assistance of Council 82 (statewide correction officers union). The prison was also the site of a strike by state prison employees in 1979. National Guardsmen were sent to the prison as strikebreakers, and were quartered in employee housing. This resulted in the only known caselaw for the Third Amendment, the US 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals case Engblom v. Carey. The facility was targeted for closure in 2011 as part of Governor Andrew Cuomo's prison closing program. As of 2022, the area surrounding the prison has been converted to Wickham Woodlands, a town park, and is also being developed for corporate and light industrial use as the Warwick Valley Office & Technology Corporate Park. Notable prisoners Gerald Garson, former New York Supreme Court Justice, convicted of accepting bribes External links NY prison information References Prisons in New York (state) Economy of Orange County, New York 2011 disestablishments in New York (state)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Orange%20Correctional%20Facility
Telese Terme, called simply Telese until 1991, is a city, comune (municipality) and former episcopal seat in the Province of Benevento, in the Campania region of southern Italy. It is located in the valley of the Calore, well known for its sulfuric hot springs. Etymology Telesia is an old word for the gem Sapphire. History Telese was an ancient Samnite (Italic) city, known as T(h)elesia. The city was captured by Hannibal in 217 BCE; later, the victor Roman general Scipio Africanus founded a Roman colony there. In 460 was established a Diocese of Telese / Thelesina (Latin adjective). Having fallen into decay after the Gothic War it was conquered by the Longobards, becoming part of the Lombard Duchy of Benevento as seat of a gastaldry (district). The city was destroyed in the years 847 and 860, by the Saracens, and again in the 11th century, during the war between King Roger II of Sicily and the Norman counts of the southern Italian mainland. A new Telesia was built; however, it was again pulverized in 1349, this time by an earthquake. Its former cathedral cattedrale Santa Croce, dedicated to the Holy Cross, now in ruins, was decommissioned after the bishops transferred their see to nearby Cerreto Sannita, yet the see retained the alternative title Diocese of Telese as well, even after a further merger into the Diocese of Cerreto Sannita–Telese–Sant’Agata de’ Goti. In 1883, after the Unification of Italy, thermal baths were built, hence the current full name Telese Terme since 1991. Telese became an independent commune in 1934. Main sights It possesses remains of walls in , of a total length of over a mile; two inscriptions of the Republican period record the erection of towers. The remains of baths () and of an amphitheatre still exist; the city was supplied with water by an aqueduct. There are sulphur springs in the vicinity, which may have supplied the baths. See also List of Catholic dioceses in Italy References	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telese%20Terme
The 33rd Virginia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in the Commonwealth of Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It was a part of the famed "Stonewall Brigade," named for General Stonewall Jackson. Companies and early statistics The regiment was organized and mustered into service soon after the secession of Virginia on 17 April 1861. It was formed of ten companies, which included men from Shenandoah County, as well as Frederick, Hampshire, Hardy, Page, and Rockingham counties along the Shenandoah Valley. Two of these counties, Hampshire and Hardy, were included in the new state of West Virginia despite having ratified Virginia's secession ordinance and very low voting for the new state. The units gathered at Winchester, and the Potomac Guards and Independent Greys were soon sent out to Romney to counter Federal forces gathered under Lew Wallace at New Creek. By late May, the regiment was placed under the commanded of Col. Arthur C. Cummings, a graduate of the Virginia Military Institute who practiced law in Abingdon, Virginia at the far southernmost end of the Valley and would twice represent Washington County, Virginia in the Virginia House of Delegates (first beginning in 1863 and again in 1871). Due to its frequent combat, and resulting injuries, leadership would change hands many times through the war. Other colonels were future Virginia governor Frederick W. M. Holliday, Edwin G. Lee, John F. Neff (died at Second Manassas), Abraham Spengler and John R. Jones (who rose to Brigadier General, as did Ned Lee, but whose conduct became controversial after a severe concussion). John Gatewood, a publisher, had been a member of the Virginia House of Delegates representing Shenandoah County in 1857, and would win re-election during the war, but not win military promotion. The 33rd, along with the 2nd, 4th, 5th, and 27th Virginia Regiments, formed the famous 'Stonewall Brigade' under the command of VMI professor Stonewall Jackson. The average height of a soldier in the regiment was 5'8", and the average age was 25 years; these figures fluctuated greatly as the years progressed. The 33rd Virginia remained in the Stonewall Brigade in Thomas J. Jackson's Second Corps until the restructuring of the Army of Northern Virginia after his death in the spring of 1863. It was then put under Richard Ewell's command until the spring of 1864, when it dissolved following heavy losses at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House. Companies and officers First Manassas When the Union and Confederate armies engaged near Manassas Junction, Virginia, on 21 July 1861, General Jackson and his brigade earned the nickname "Stonewall" when, as they retreated to reform along Henry House Hill, Gen. Barnard Bee cried out to his ailing troops: "There stands Jackson like a stone wall. Rally behind the Virginians!" Eight of the ten companies in the 33rd were present. At the height of the battle, it was Jackson's first brigade, and more specifically, the undersized regiment of Colonel Cummings that turned the tide of battle with a well-timed charge against an exposed artillery battery. The successful capture of the guns is thought to be largely because, due to the lack of formality in early war uniforms, Jackson's men were dressed in blue, just like their Federal counterparts. Though the 33rd Virginia succeeded in capturing the guns, the number of men that made the charge (only about 250) were unable to maintain possession and were forced to retreat. The charge had halted the steady advance of the Union Army up to that point, and precipitated further charges by Jackson's other regiments. By day's end, the actions of the 33rd led to the complete rout of the Union Army, and played a major role in immortalizing the brigade. The cost of immortality for Cummings' regiment was high. Of the 450 men who were present at the battle, the 33rd would suffer 43 killed and 140 wounded. In the Valley Three days later, General Jackson took leave of his old brigade and returned to the Shenandoah Valley to take command of Virginia's Valley District. Finding the size of his command inadequate for the task, he petitioned Richmond for the return of the Stonewall Brigade to the Valley. On 9 November, only five days after Jackson left his command, the brigade received orders for them to pack up camp and march to Manassas Junction, where they were expected to board the train and return to the Valley. Arriving in the evening, it was determined that there were only enough cars to take the 2nd, 5th and 27th Virginia Regiments back. The 4th and 33rd were ordered to encamp at the junction and wait for the trains to return in the morning. Around 10 o'clock, without shelter to protect them, a steady, cold rain began to fall continuing throughout the long night. Having somehow come into the possession of a barrel of whiskey, the Emerald Guard would make it longer yet and twice as miserable for the others present. "The whole of the Irish company gets drunk save a few," wrote a member of Company H, 33rd Virginia, "they get to fighting, in which swords, bayonets and knives are used; have a hard time tying them and putting them in the guardhouse. Several of both parties get badly wounded…" News of the incident resounded all the way up to General Jackson's headquarters. On 2 December, Jackson, in his official report, provided the following account of the rowdy Irishmen. "... While the Thirty-third Regiment Virginia Volunteers was en route from Manassas to this place one of its companies (Company E) arrived in camp near here without any officer, in consequence of its first lieutenant (T.C. Fitzgerald) having absented himself without leave. In consequence of Colonel Cummings having reported to me that he could not undertake another march with the company, as it was composed of unmanageable Irishmen ..." Two days later, Jackson introduced the men to their new commander (because of his promotion), West Point graduate and U.S. Army veteran Richard Brooke Garnett, although the men had hoped that one of their regimental colonels should have received the promotion. They had several operations in the mountains, including toward Martinsburg, before finally assuming winter quarters near Winchester on 25 January, which they called Camp Felix Kirk Zollicoffer after the CSA General killed at Mill Springs Kentucky on 19 January. As spring came, so did the Federals in force. Jackson, being forced to evacuated Winchester, headed southwards up the Valley until news from Jackson's cavalry scouts suggested that the Federals, were reducing their force so as to reinforce Union operations further east. Doubling back, Jackson launched an attack against the Federals situated at Kernstown a few miles south of Winchester on 23 March 1862. The 33rd played a large role in holding a stone wall against overwhelming numbers, until being ordered to retire as their ammunition became expended. The regiment suffered 23 killed, 12 wounded and 18 captured of the 275 engaged at First Kernstown. Following Kernstown, Jackson's Army retreated down the Valley towards Rude's Hill, where, in accordance with various orders issued by the Governor of Virginia and the Confederate Congress, the existing units were reenlisted for a period of three years or the war. New recruits between the ages of 18 and 45 were encouraged through bounty and the fear of being conscripted involuntarily, to join the army. To augment recruiting, state militias were obliged to disband and its members obliged to fill up the ranks of the regular companies. By the end of April, the 33rd Virginia Infantry grew by 297 recruits and with the absorption of the militia, swelled to 762 men before breaking camp on 3 May. The 33rd Virginia marched with the Stonewall Brigade into the Alleghany Mountains, but the Stonewall Brigade was held in reserve at the Battle of McDowell and was subsequently in the rear of Jackson's column at the Battle of Front Royal. The 33rd would see combat at the First Battle of Winchester, and then the Battle of Port Republic. The Peninsula Campaign After a three-day rest near Weyer's Cave, the brigade was again on the move. Crossing Rockfish Gap, Jackson hurried his men towards Richmond to augment the besieged forces around the capital. The Stonewall Brigade arrived in time to assist Robert E. Lee in his counteroffensive against George McClellan. On 28 June, the Stonewall Brigade would participate in the final charge near twilight at the battle of Gaines' Mill, and again would see action near day's end at the Battle of Malvern Hill on 1 July. The 33rd took 32 casualties at Malvern Hill. From 8 July through 17, the entire brigade left the battlefield and moved to Richmond, where the men were allowed to take a well-deserved rest. On the 17th, however, the men of the Stonewall Brigade again packed their blanket rolls, shouldered arms and began marching northwards for a new campaign, this time against a new Federal Army being organized around Manassas Junction under General John Pope. On 9 August, the brigade would run into Pope at the Battle of Cedar Mountain. The 33rd Regiment fought fiercely throughout the battle, taking 17 casualties. Two days after Cedar Mountain, the regiment would officially lose one more. Captain Marion Sibert, who, coming to terms with his inability to rejoin the Emerald Guard in the field, resigned his commission as captain on 11 August 1862. Sibert would survive the war without further injury, serving as provost for both Winchester and New Market. Second Manassas Continuing northwards, Jackson's men swept away the single brigade of infantry that guarded the vast supply depot at Manassas Junction. Taking all that could be used by the army, it was left to the 33rd Virginia to see that the cars and warehouses were set aflame and otherwise destroyed. On the following day, 27 August the brigade encamped at Groveton, just to the North of the old battlefield. Around twilight, the Stonewall Brigade confronted their equals in the Federal Army, the Iron Brigade, composed of the 2nd, 6th, and 7th Wisconsin Infantry, and 19th Indiana. Both commands would stand in line facing each other well into the darkness justifying their reputations to the other. In the end, the Stonewall Brigade would hold their position on the field. Over the next two days, the regiment would be engaged in the Second Battle of Manassas. The three days fighting would cost the 33rd Virginia 33 killed and 81 wounded, including their Colonel John Neff. Antietam (Sharpsburg) Continuing their advance into Maryland, the regiment, now only numbering about 200 men, fought just as tenaciously, suffering 3 killed and 17 more wounded. As the battle resulted in a draw, the Confederate army retreated back across the Potomac and Jackson's army settled in around the lower Valley at which time a number of men, who had been wounded, released from Northern prisons or returned from being AWOL filled up the ranks. By the end of October, the regiment was mustered and paid once more. Chancellorsville At the beginning of May 1863, a new Union General, Joseph Hooker led the Army of the Potomac across the Rappahannock River while making a demonstration in front of Fredericksburg, Virginia. Over the next three days, the Battle of Chancellorsville took place. In the thick of the fighting on 3 May was the Stonewall Brigade's 33rd Virginia. Capt. Bedinger of the Emerald Guard (Co. E), taking a moment during a lull in the fighting on 4 May, wrote: Yesterday we fought the most terrible battle of this war, attacking the enemy in his chosen positions and driving him at every point, our Brigade behaved magnificently, but lost very heavily ... Today we are in line and throwing up breast works, whether we will attack or the enemy retreat further, I cannot say, I'm pretty certain of more fighting. Thank God I am spared to write you this note, tho half of my little company were killed or wounded ... This battle would have a devastating effect on the Stonewall Brigade and the Confederacy despite the military victory. General Jackson, their beloved leader, had been severely wounded by his own pickets on the night of the 3rd. He lost his arm and within a few days he died from complications. Although General Lee would feel that he had come to lose his right arm with the death of Jackson, Lee prepared to launch his second offensive northwards into Maryland and Pennsylvania. The Stonewall Brigade was now placed under the command of James A. Walker and was placed in the Second Corps, now commanded by Richard S. Ewell. By early June, Lee stealthily pulled his troops out of line and began the trek westward into the Valley and then north towards the Potomac River for the second invasion of the North. Gettysburg Within 15 days, the 33rd had crossed the Potomac and were encamped around Chambersburg when the order came for the Second Corps to converge on the Pennsylvania town of Gettysburg. Arriving late in the evening of 1 July, the brigade spent much of the second day skirmishing on the far Confederate left. It would not be until the next day that the 33rd would see real fighting. At 3:00 a.m. on the morning of the 3rd, the regiment was aroused and marched off with the rest of the brigade towards the enemy position atop Culp's Hill. After daybreak, the regiment advanced in line of battle towards the enemy who was "strongly intrenched in a most advantageous position." The regiment advanced up the slopes of the hill advancing "in intervals" as the men took cover behind rocks and trees as they advanced. Although the regiment exhausted its ammunition within an hour or two, at least part of the 33rd remained engaged for almost five hours, as partial supplies were received upon the field. During this portion of the fighting, Captain Bedinger of the Emerald Guard was killed while advancing towards the enemy. Captain Golladay, in temporary command of the regiment after the battle would write that Bedinger's body had fallen perhaps the closest to the enemy's lines. Sometime around noon, the regiment was withdrawn from the slopes, reorganized and replenished with ammunition. The regiment was then moved several hundred yards to the right, and another advance was made upon the enemy. The fighting was intense and lasted only a half-hour or so before the regiment was withdrawn again and marched to the rear for a short rest until mid-afternoon. Again, the regiment was aroused, reequipped and marched to a position farther to the right of the line. From this time until nightfall, the regiment was only engaged in skirmishing after which the day's survivors quietly retired. Upon the field were left many whom Golladay considered the "flower of the regiment." Twenty-three percent of the 236 men who fought at Gettysburg were killed, wounded, or missing. On 3 July, the Stonewall Brigade lost one of its former commanders, Richard B. Garnett, who was killed during the infamous 'Pickett's Charge,' possibly due to an injured leg that caused him to ride a horse into the battle. As Lee began his long retreat in the rain on 4 July and 5, several members of company E and H, some of whom had been wounded two days before, were captured at Waterloo, Chambersburg, and South Mountain. By the time the 33rd had re-crossed the Potomac and moved into camp around Orange Court House, the regiment numbered only 90 men. With the death of George Bedinger and the only Lieutenant, Patrick Maxwell, absent sick, Captain D. B. Huffman of Co. G, 33rd Virginia Infantry assumed temporary responsibility for the shattered Emerald Guard. On 31 August 1863, the 33rd was again mustered to be paid. 1864: The Wilderness and Spotsylvania The ill-fated spring of 1864 would begin with news of Union General Ulysses S. Grant's crossing of the Rapidan River. General Lee responded by maneuvering his ever-shrinking army to meet Grant on ground of his own choosing. On 4 May, the Army of Northern Virginia and Army of the Potomac collided in the tangled landscape that sprawled between Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Spotsylvania Court House known as the "Wilderness". Fighting raged amidst the broken terrain 4 May–5. Fewer than 100 men remained in the regiment. About 11:00 a.m. on the 5th, the regiment became heavily engaged, taking several casualties. A slight lull occurred as the repulse of his army caused General Grant to side step Lee in his continual descent towards Richmond. On 10 May, both armies had shifted their positions and Lee had managed to cut off Grant's line of march at Spotsylvania Court House. At 6:00 a.m. on 12 May, the VI Corps of the Army of the Potomac surprised the Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia. Overrunning the salient known as the Mule Shoe, many of the brigades under Allegheny Edward Johnson were captured en masse. Among those captured were the majority of the Stonewall Brigade. Though some got away, the brigade effectively ceased to exist as a unit at that point. The End of the War What was left of the 33rd Virginia and the Stonewall Brigade would be incorporated with the remnants of several other brigades of Johnson's old division and placed under the overall command of William Terry from the 4th Virginia Regiment. This amalgamated brigade would go on to participate in Early's 1864 Valley Campaign, Hatcher's Run, Waynesboro, Fort Stedman and Lee's final retreat to Appomattox. When Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia to General Grant at Appomattox Court House on 9 April 1865, only 1 officer and 18 men were present from the 33rd Regiment. The field officers during the conflict were Colonels Arthur C. Cummings, Frederick W. M. Holliday, Edwin G. Lee, John F. Neff, and Abraham Spengler; Lieutenant Colonels George Huston and John R. Jones; and Majors Jacob B. Golladay and Philip T. Grace. Current Portrayals Currently, six companies of the 33rd Virginia are reenacted. Co. A., the 'Potomac Guard' is located in Central Indiana, Co. D the 'Mountain Rangers' is located near Winchester, Va, Co. E., the 'Emerald Guard' is located near Washington, D.C., Co. H, the 'Page Grays' is located in Manassas, VA., company G the Mount Jackson Rifles is located in Buffalo NY, and Company C The Tenth Legion Minutemen in Southern California. A recreation of the flag of the 33rd Virginia can be seen in the opening credits of the movie "Gods and Generals," and the regiment's charge on the aforementioned Union artillery is reenacted. See also List of Virginia Civil War units List of West Virginia Civil War Confederate units References External links History of the Emerald Guard Company A Reenactment Group Company E (Emerald Guard) – Inactive Reenactment Group Company H Reenactment Group Company G (Mount Jackson Rifles) Reenactment Group Units and formations of the Confederate States Army from Virginia Hampshire County, West Virginia, in the American Civil War Stonewall Brigade 1861 establishments in Virginia Military units and formations established in 1861 1865 disestablishments in Virginia Military units and formations disestablished in 1865	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/33rd%20Virginia%20Infantry%20Regiment
Cole Harbour is the name for a natural harbour located in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. It is located in central Halifax County, with the mouth of the harbour located 6 kilometres northeast of Halifax Harbour. The entrance to Cole Harbour is protected by Rainbow Haven Beach, a barrier beach which forms a lagoon on the inland side. Measuring approximately 4 kilometres east to west and 3 kilometres north to south, the harbour is shallow and rocky. Virtually the entire shoreline and the harbour itself are protected by the provincial government as the Cole Harbour - Lawrencetown Coastal Heritage Provincial Park. The centre of the harbour is divided by a man-made feature; during the late 19th century a railway was constructed from Dartmouth to Musquodoboit Harbour and crossed the width of Cole Harbour on a 3 kilometre causeway. Rail service was abandoned by CN Rail during the 1980s and the corridor has been converted to a rail trail as part of the Trans Canada Trail. Part of the western shore of Cole Harbour was dyked during the 19th century to provide land for farmers. These structures were destroyed in the early 20th century and are now occupied by several residential homes along the Cow Bay road. This park features 7 main trails (7.9 km total) which highlight the area’s heritage and natural flora and fauna, as well as woodlands, fields and salt marsh shoreline. The trailhead and parking lot are located at 256 Bissett Road in Cole Harbour. The trails running from this main trailhead interconnect; each trail has its own character. The trails are open year-round (no winter maintenance) for all to explore the area’s wildlife, including bird watching, while hiking, cycling, skiing, and snowshoeing along the trails. The rails to trails corridor, Trans Canada Trail passes through Cole Harbour Heritage Park. The Cole Harbour Parks and Trails Association maintain the trails at the Cole Harbour Heritage Park and a portion of the Trans Canada Trail. Communities Communities along the shores of Cole Harbour from west to east include: Cow Bay Cole Harbour Upper Lawrencetown West Lawrencetown Naugle References Geography of Halifax, Nova Scotia Ports and harbours of Nova Scotia	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cole%20Harbour%20%28natural%20harbour%29
Muhammetnazar Gapurowiç Gapurow (; 15 February 192213 July 1999) was a Turkmen politician who was the first secretary of the Communist Party of the Turkmen SSR from 1969 until 1985. He spent his entire career in the Komsomol and Communist Party apparatus, becoming the republic's most influential politician for almost two decades in the Brezhnev era. Early life and career Gapurow was born in a small village close to Charjou, Charjou Oblast (now Türkmenabat, Lebap Province). In December 1941, he was drafted into the army, serving as the commander of a gunners' section in the 88th Separate Rifle Brigade of the Central Asian Military District. From 1941 to 1944, he was on active duty in the Red Army during World War II. In 1948, he joined the Communist Party nomenklatura as head of the Propaganda Department at the district level in Charjou oblast and gradually climbed the party ladder. He graduated from the Pedagogical Institute in Ashkhabad in 1954. From 1951 to 1955, he worked as first secretary of the Komsomol organisation, and later he held various party posts before assuming the republic's leadership. Leadership of Turkmenistan In 1969, he was appointed first secretary of the Communist Party of the Turkmen SSR. During his time in office, the republic received considerable investment in its modernisation of the gas and oil sectors, and living standards rose significantly for the general population. However, excessive centralised control over economic development and macroeconomic mismanagement led to a stagnation of economic growth in most sectors of the republic's economy in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Gapurow's era also witnessed further growth in nepotism, regional rivalries and corruption. In 1985, the incoming general secretary, Mikhail Gorbachev, removed Gapurow from his post due to a cotton-related corruption scandal and sent him into retirement. Later life He never returned to the political arena and held several minor positions in the late 1980s. He wrote several books and articles during the Soviet era, mainly on Communist Party and Turkmenistan development issues. In the 1990s, he began writing his memoirs but they were unfinished when he died on 13 July 1999. He was known to have one son, Batyr, who died of cardiac arrest in September 2015 at the age of 61. Notes References Sources Abazov, Rafis. Historical Dictionary of Turkmenistan, p. 64-5. Scarecrow Press, 2005, . External links Rulers of Soviet Republics Russian biographies project Soviet military personnel of World War II 1922 births 1999 deaths People from Türkmenabat First secretaries of the Communist Party of Turkmenistan Candidates of the Central Committee of the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Members of the Central Committee of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Members of the Central Committee of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Members of the Central Committee of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Recipients of the Order of Lenin Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour Sixth convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities Seventh convocation members of the Soviet of the Union Eighth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union Ninth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union Tenth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union Eleventh convocation members of the Soviet of the Union Heads of government of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic People's commissars and ministers of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammetnazar%20Gapurow
Columbus College of Art & Design (CCAD) is a private art school in Columbus, Ohio. It was founded in 1879 as the Columbus Art School and is one of the oldest private art and design colleges in the United States. Located in downtown Columbus, CCAD's campus consists of 14 buildings (including 2 residence halls) on and is adjacent to the Columbus Museum of Art. Approximately 1,090 full-time students are enrolled. History Early history: 1879–1930 CCAD was founded in 1879 as the Columbus Art School. The idea for the school started in 1878, when a group of women formed the Columbus Art Association. Their main concern became creating an art school in Columbus. The first day of classes was January 6, 1879, on the top floor of the Sessions Building at Long and High. Use of that floor had been donated by Francis Sessions, an art-minded banker and entrepreneur and one of the first trustees of the Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts. There were only three students and one teacher at the time. By the end of the school year, there were 118 students. Original classes included drawing, watercolor, art needlework, oil painting, clay modeling, china painting, and mechanical drawing. Soon after opening, the school added classes like sculpture and figure drawing with clothed models, as nude models were considered too risqué in Columbus at the time. In 1885, the school moved to the Tuller Building at Gay and Fourth St due to the poor ventilation and vapors rising from the Troy Steam Laundry on the floors below the school in the Sessions Block. In his will, Francis Sessions left his house to serve as a space for the gallery and also left a large sum of money to build a better space for the gallery and for the continuation of the Columbus Art School. The school moved two more times before 1914, when it moved into the Monypeny Mansion next to the Sessions House. In 1923, the school, which had been run by the Columbus Art Association but funded by the gallery, merged into one board. Through this merger, the Columbus Art Association became extinct, and the trustees of the gallery created a school committee board. Among the faculty at this time was painter Alice Schille. In 1929, Ralph Beaton, a trustee of the gallery, donated $30,000 to build the first new building for the Columbus Art School. The Sessions House and Monypeny Mansion were torn down to make way for Beaton Hall and a new Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts building. Beaton Hall was completed and held its first classes in 1930. At this time, first-year required courses were drawing, watercolor painting, color theory and practice, modeling, anatomy, composition, perspective drawing, design, lettering, and illustrative advertising. By 1944–45, the day school was discontinued because of World War II, but the evening school had been expanded. Presidency of Joseph Canzani: 1948–1995 Joseph Canzani started as a teacher at the school in 1948. By 1950, there were only 13 day school students, and Canzani was the only faculty member. Canzani was asked by the museum director to become Dean. As Dean, Canzani put together introductory courses in drawing, color theory and design principles. Canzani also taught some of the foundation classes. In 1959, Canzani changed the name from the Columbus Art School to the Columbus College of Art & Design. By the 1960s, the school had grown to 850 full-time students. The college bought the houses surrounding the school, starting with six houses on Hutton Place. In 1962, students picketed in front of the Columbus Museum of Art for the college to become a degree granting institution. At the time, the school only gave out a professional certificate of completion. The students ended their 24-hour picketing when the board announced that they would seek accreditation. In 1969, CCAD received authorization by the Ohio Board of Regents to grant the Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. In 1975, Kinney Hall (then called V-Hall) was completed. It was the second building to be built specifically for the school, at a cost of $2.5 million. This was followed by the renovation and conversion of a former Cadillac plant into Battelle Hall in 1978. In 1976, CCAD was granted accreditation by the National Association of Schools of Art. In June 1979, Canzani became the first President of CCAD. In 1981, after 58 years of being run by the Columbus Museum of Art, CCAD separated from the CMA. Canzani returned from a meeting in Kansas City to learn that the museum's board was on the verge of merging CCAD with Franklin University. The trustees thought that the merger would put CCAD on better financial ground, but Canzani thought it would ruin the school. Canzani rallied faculty members and students to protest the board's actions. The board abandoned its plans to merge. Canzani requested for CCAD to become independent of the CMA and by 1982, the separation was complete. The Schottenstein Residence Hall was completed in 1985 as the first campus dorm. CCAD bought many of the houses on Cleveland Avenue between Long and Gay, converting them into classrooms and offices. In 1995, Canzani retired after 47 years. The Joseph V. Canzani Center, the last new building to be built during his presidency, was completed in 1991. The Canzani Center holds the CCAD Packard Library, an auditorium, and a 15,000-square-foot gallery. Presidency of Dennison Griffith: 1998–2014 In 1998, Dennison (Denny) W. Griffith was chosen as the college's president. By 2001, the school had a 17-building, 9-acre campus. On June 23, 2001, the 100-foot-high, 101-foot-wide, 24,000-pound ART sign was erected, spanning Gay Street on campus. The sculpture was designed by Doris Schlayn of Artglo Company and donated to the school. The Loann Crane Center for Design was built in 2005, replacing the old student center, and its adjacent quad replaced a parking lot. In 2006, CCAD bought the Byers Building, a 1920s auto dealership at the corner of Broad Street and Cleveland Avenue, for $4.5 million. The building was converted into offices, classrooms, and studios and renamed the Design Studios on Broad (DSB). DSB also houses the MFA Program. The first MFA class graduated in 2012. In 2009, the Design Square Apartments were completed. This new building replaced the older houses on Cleveland Avenue that had been previously repurposed for use by CCAD. Design Square Apartments offers housing to 200 graduate students, upperclassmen, and some freshmen. In 2013, Griffith announced that he would be retiring on June 30, 2014. Under his tenure, the college doubled the size of its campus. The school also debuted a new curricular model that splits the majors into two schools, the School of Design Arts and the School for Studio Arts. Its finalized form launched in the Fall of 2014. Griffith died in January 2016. Presidency of Tom White: 2014–2015 The board of trustees named the Industrial designer and branding expert Tom White as Griffith's successor. He served as president between June 24, 2014 through March 3, 2015. Presidency of Dr. Melanie Corn: 2016–present In December 2015, CCAD's board of trustees named Dr. Melanie Corn as the school's new president. She is the first woman to serve as president in the university's 140-year history, and is one of only six women serving as president among the AICAD member institutions. Academics CCAD awards twelve undergraduate majors, project-based, multidisciplinary Master of Fine Arts degree in Visual Arts, and Master of Design in Innovation Design Strategies. Community classes The college offers a wide variety of community classes for all ages, including children and youth grades 1–12 and adults. Accreditation CCAD is an accredited by the National Association of Schools of Art and Design (NASAD), Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD) and the Higher Learning Commission. Rankings U.S. News & World Reports 2017 rankings place CCAD's MFA program (tied for) 82nd among Graduate School in the Fine Arts category. Student life CCAD has a diverse student body that comes from a variety of ethnic, national, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Its 17-acre urban campus is located in the heart of downtown Columbus, and is in walking distance to the Columbus Museum of Art. Partly because of CCAD's renowned fashion design program, in 2012 Columbus was ranked by Bloomberg as the third most fashionable city in the United States. Events Chroma:Best of CCAD CCAD's annual campus-wide juried show and celebration. It features exemplary pieces from each major, as well as CORE programs and first-year grad students. CCAD Art Fairs Alumni and students sell work at these semi-annual events that reach sales up to $100k every year. CCAD Fashion Show Senior Fashion Design students show their collections on the runway at one of the biggest annual events. Student organizations Botticelli Magazine Botticelli Magazine is a literary and art journal produced and edited by students at Columbus College of Art and Design. It features fiction, poetry, creative non fiction, reviews, art, photography, as well as flash pieces and links to online work as long as the rights are available to the contributor. The magazine's review process involves an editorial staff of writers and artists consisting of students and faculty. Alumni Notable alumni Michael Carney, artist, Grammy winner for Best Record Package Matt Cavotta Roy Doty, cartoonist known for his syndicated "Wordless Workshop" comic strip, and for illustrating Judy Blume's books Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing, Otherwise Known as Sheila the Great, and Superfudge. Winner of the National Cartoonist Society's Reuben Illustrator of the Year Award for 2006, and inductee to the National Cartoonists Society Hall of Fame. Edward Mason Eggleston, painter and commercial illustrator in New York City, early 20th century. Nicky Epstein Inka Essenhigh, painter who has exhibited at MoMA PS1, the Berlin Biennale, and Museum of Modern Art, New York Ming Fay, sculptor Annetta Johnson Saint-Gaudens, sculptor Brian Fee, director of Cars 3 Keron Grant, comic book artist for properties including Iron Man, Spider-Man, Superman, and Fantastic Four, and concept designer for films Man of Steel, G.I. Joe: Retaliation, The Lone Ranger, Robocop, and Chronicle. Nathan Greno, director of Tangled and the cancelled Gigantic, and a story artist for Frozen, Bolt, Meet the Robinsons, Chicken Little, and Brother Bear at Walt Disney Pictures Alex Grey, visionary artist, author, and teacher Alan Becker, online animator, YouTuber and creator Kerry G. Johnson Robert McCall, conceptual illustrator for NASA and films 2001: A Space Odyssey, The Black Hole, Tora! Tora! Tora!, and Star Trek: The Motion Picture Jerry McDaniel, heterogeneous artist, graphic designer, illustrator, fine artist, abstract painter, film maker, and art educator Ron Miller, illustrator and author, specializing in science, astronomy and science fiction Dean Mitchell, painter John Jude Palencar, fantasy, science fiction, and horror artist Aminah Robinson, multimedia artist and MacArthur Fellow Herb Roe Dan Scanlon, screenwriter and director of Monsters University and Onward. Scanlon was also a story artist on Cars, and Toy Story 3. He is currently the Vice President of Creativity at Pixar. Alice Schille, painter, watercolorist Choi Yan-chi, Hong Kong based artist References External links Official website Art schools in Ohio Universities and colleges established in 1879 Universities and colleges in Columbus, Ohio Private universities and colleges in Ohio 1879 establishments in Ohio Downtown Columbus, Ohio	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus%20College%20of%20Art%20and%20Design
Charles Hamelin (born April 14, 1984) is a Canadian retired short track speed skater. In a competitive career that spanned nearly twenty years on the international circuit, Hamelin participated in five Winter Olympic Games (2006, 2010, 2014, 2018 and 2022) and won six Olympic medals, including a national-best four gold medals. Competing in all distances, he won thirty-eight medals at the World Championships, including fourteen gold medals, and also led Canada to five world relay titles. Hamelin was also the 2014 Overall World Cup season winner and the 2018 Overall World Champion, giving him all the achievements available in the sport. Hamelin's early success at the 2003 World Junior Championships saw him win silver medals in the 500 m and the 1500 m races and a bronze in the 5000 m relay. After debuting on the senior level, he won two medals at the 2005 World Championships, including his first World gold in the 5000 m relay. In his first Olympics, he finished in fourth place in the 1500 m and won a silver medal as part of the Canadian relay team. He won his first two Olympic gold medals on home ice in Vancouver before picking up two more, the last in his final Olympic appearance in Beijing. Hamelin is the former world record holder in the 1000 m. Dubbed the "Locomotive de Sainte-Julie", Hamelin is widely considered one of Canada's finest athletes. Career Junior career Hamelin made his debut at the world junior championships in 2002, finishing fourth in the 500 m and helping the relay team to a silver medal. During the next World Junior Championships in 2003, he had his breakout year, finishing second in the 500 m, second in the 1500 m, fourth in the 1000 m, fifth in the super 1500 m, and then helping the relay team to a bronze in the 5000 m relay. Because of his accomplishments in 2003, he finished fourth overall at the world junior championships. He was seemingly following the footsteps of a long line of accomplished French-Canadian short track speedskaters like Marc Gagnon and Éric Bédard. Early senior career and 2006 Winter Olympics Hamelin made his World Cup debut in the 2003–2004 season. His main role on the team at that time was on the relay team, which finished the season second overall. Going into the 2004 World Championships, the Canadian men's relay team was considered one of the favourites but only managed a fourth-place finish. The 2004–2005 season was a breakout year for Hamelin. This was the first year that he skated every event in the World Cup. He finished third overall in the 500 m, fourth in the 1000 m, fifth in the 1500 m, and fifth overall on the season. He continued to skate on the relay team, which finished first in the final standings. The biggest success of his season would come at the 2005 World Championships, where he managed a silver in the 500 m and two fourth-place finishes in the 1000 m and 3000 m. This allowed him to finish fourth overall in the standings. That year he was also a part of the gold medal-winning Canadian squad at the World Team Championships. After making his first Canadian Olympic team for the 2006 Winter Olympics, Hamelin managed to qualify for the finals of the 1500 m. In the last lap and a half, he was comfortably in third place before being passed by two Chinese skaters. Although one of the Chinese skaters was disqualified, he still only finished a disappointing fourth. In the relay, the Canadian and Korean teams traded the lead back and forth throughout the race, but the Canadians lost the lead on the last turn but still managed to win silver. The silver medal on the relay was the first Olympic medal in his career. Following the 2006 Olympics, Hamelin won the gold medal in the 3000 m at the 2006 World Championships. Hamelin would go on to become the 500 m world champion in 2007, over the next three years this would soon be his strongest event. In addition to his 500 m gold, at the 2007 Worlds, he took silvers in the 1000 m and 5000 m relay as well as the overall silver medal. He also took a second gold at the World Team Championships that year. He captured silvers in the 500 m at the worlds and the World Team Championships in 2008, and in 2009, he once again became the 500 m world champion, alongside clinching bronzes in the 3000 m and the overall competition and another World Team silver. 2010 Winter Olympics With the 2010 Winter Olympics taking place in Vancouver, expectations on the Canadian side were high. Hamelin was a medal favourite in the 500, 1000, 1500, and 5000-metre relay. Going into the Olympics, he was the reigning 500 m world champion and reigning World Cup champion. As such Hamelin was the gold medal favourite going into the 2010 Games in his home country. He began the Vancouver Olympics in the second 1500 m heat, where Hamelin placed second by 0.001 of a second to China's Liang Wenhao. As he only placed second in the heats, Hamelin was drawn into a tough group for the semi-finals, needing to beat one of his two main rivals, Lee Jung-Su or Apolo Ohno, to qualify for the final. Hamelin was in second for much of the race, with Jung-Su in the lead, but on the last lap was passed by Ohno and finished third. Only the top two qualified for the A-Final, and Hamelin was thus relegated to the B-Final, where he finished in first place. When asked about the race, Hamelin said, "it was a really tough field, and I'm not disappointed with the races I had...I'll sleep well tonight". During the 1000 m heats, Hamelin placed first, the result duplicating into the quarterfinals. In the semi-finals, Hamelin placed second behind Apolo Ohno and was nearly pushed by Korea's Sung Si-Bak, who trailed him by 0.006 seconds and avoided a disqualification. The final race, which held five skaters, included his younger brother. For three-quarters of the race, he stood in first position in front of François Hamelin and Apolo Ohno, only to be surpassed by Korea's Lee Ho-Suk in the sixth lap. Hamelin fell into third on the following lap, unable to sustain the high speeds much longer. The final lap saw Ohno move to third, leaving Charles and François in fourth and fifth, respectively. During the race the crowd at the Pacific Coliseum was cheering so loudly during the 1,000 m final that Hamelin felt an overwhelming sense of pride like never before, calling it "amazing." Despite the crowd support, Hamelin remained disappointed as he had gone to the Olympics with a mind to win multiple medals. Next up for Hamelin was his best and most promising event, the 500 m race, Hamelin took the gold medal, with teammate François-Louis Tremblay winning the bronze. It was a close race as the world record holder, Korea's Sung Si-Bak, was in the lead until a slip in the final corner, which allowed Hamelin to pass to finish first. The same night, the Canadian team won the gold in the 5000 m relay. Hamelin shared that gold with his brother François, as well as Tremblay, Olivier Jean and Guillaume Bastille. Of his final and relieving success on the last day of short track at the Olympics, Hamelin said that "they will be going crazy in Quebec, they will be going crazy in Montreal, party all night. I got two gold medals in 30 minutes, and it's incredible." Road to Sochi Following the Vancouver Olympics, Hamelin attended the 2010 World Championships but failed to medal in any event. He won a silver at the 2010 World Team Championships. Before going into the 2010–11 season, Hamelin said he was using the year to focus on new techniques for 2014 Winter Olympics while not worrying about winning as much during the current season. Hamelin said, "my goal is to try new strategies to make myself more dangerous for 2014...Now it's not to win medals, but to work on things that are difficult mentally – to put myself in situations where I'm not always in control so that even if I'm last, I won't panic and do stupid things." Hamelin was mostly focusing on trying to medal in the longer distances, though he had been dominant in the 500 m the South Koreans continued to own the longer distances, something Hamelin hoped to change. Despite a quiet year on the World Cup, Hamelin finished the 2011 World Championships with a gold in the relay and three silvers, including a second-place overall finish, making progress in his preseason goals. Hamelin put up decent results through the 2012 season despite several nagging injuries and carried that success into the World Championships. There he won a silver medal in the 500 m trailing teammate Jean who won the gold. He went on to win the bronze in the 1,000 m after being pushed by a Chinese skater. Hamelin was injured in the fall and did not compete in the men's relay final, but he still won gold for his earlier participation in the semi-final. 2014 Winter Olympics As part of his third Canadian Olympic team for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Hamelin reached the final of the 1500m while his brother made the B final of the same event. He started the race, pushed to the front of the seven-man pack, and retained that lead for most of the race. Towards the end of the race, Hamelin's lead was challenged by both China's Han Tianyu and Russia's Viktor Ahn, but Hamelin passed Han and held on to win the gold medal as Canada's second gold medal of the Sochi Olympics. The 1,500 m was often identified as a weakness for Hamelin and the Canadians. He was proud of the gold in the event, saying, "it is the best I can dream of, coming in the Olympics and having that gold in the 1,500-metre. We always said in the last few years that it was our weakness, but I really worked hard to prove everyone wrong, and I think today was the day." He had a strong overall season. and won his first overall World Cup title after coming close several times previously. 2018 Winter Olympics In August 2017, Hamelin was named to Canada's 2018 Winter Olympics team, his fourth. The individual events in Pyeongchang proved a disappointment for Hamelin, as penalties knocked him out of the 500 and 1000 m in the early rounds, and he also took a penalty in the 1500 m final. He concluded the Games in the 5000 m relay, where the Canadian team won bronze, his fifth Olympic medal. He rebounded from the disappointing Olympics to win his first ever World Championship overall title, taking gold in the 1000 m and 1500 m events and silver in the men's relay on home ice in Montreal, after several near misses previously. He was the first Canadian man since Marc Gagnon twenty years earlier to win the Overall World Championship. Hamelin had been widely expected to retire following the 2017–18 season but surprised many by announcing that he intended to continue for at least another year. Pandemic seasons and 2022 Winter Olympics Having postponed his presumed retirement for a year, Hamelin announced in 2019 that he would continue to the 2022 Winter Olympics. His decision was influenced by the unexpected retirement of Samuel Girard after the 2018–19 season, as Girard, a gold medalist in Pyeongchang and part of the bronze medal-winning relay team had been widely seen as Hamelin's heir. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the cancellation of many events in the second half of the quadrennial and greatly complicated Hamelin's training. While missing almost a year of on-ice training, they improvised other methods to stay in form while largely training separately. In his return to major international championships, he took the gold medal in the 1500 m at the 2021 World Championships in Dordrecht. In January 2022, Hamelin was named to his fifth and final Olympic team. As well, Hamelin along with hockey player Marie-Philip Poulin were named as Canada's flagbearers during the opening ceremony. Hamelin competed in only one individual event in Beijing, that being the 1500 m, in which he was the reigning world champion. He was disqualified for an illegal lane change in the semi-final, while teammate Steven Dubois won the silver medal. The final Olympic event of Hamelin's career was to be the 5000 m relay event, where the Canadian team would win the gold medal. This was Hamelin's fourth gold and sixth medal, the former tying a record set by women's hockey players Jayna Hefford, Caroline Ouellette, and Hayley Wickenheiser for the most gold medals for a Canadian Olympian. He said afterward that it "was a difficult decision to continue training over the past four years for my fifth Olympics, but I believed in myself. It was a challenge to keep myself competitive against the world, but I did it." He considered it the finest win of his career. Following the Olympics, the 2022 World Championships, held in Montreal, were expected to be the final event of Hamelin's competitive career. He focused on the relay event, saying, "hopefully, we'll come back with the gold medal like we did at the Olympics. I love what I do, and that's the reason why I'm still here." The Canadian team finished narrowly third, taking the bronze medal, the thirty-eighth and final World Championship medal of Hamelin's career. Personal life Short track is a family affair for Hamelin: his brother François Hamelin is a fellow Olympian and national short track member. The current director of the national short track team is his father, Yves Hamelin. Hamelin made Hello! Canadas 50 most beautiful Canadians list in 2010, along with his then-girlfriend, fellow speed skater and Olympian Marianne St-Gelais. In March 2018, after ten years as a couple, Hamelin and St-Gelais announced in a statement that they were splitting up. He is presently engaged to sports journalist Geneviève Tardif, with whom he shares a daughter, Violette, born on April 23, 2020. The two were engaged in the summer of 2019, and were due to wed in 2020, but delayed their ceremony twice due to the COVID-19 pandemic. References External links Speed Skating Canada Profile 1984 births Living people Canadian male short track speed skaters Four Continents Short Track Speed Skating Championships medalists Olympic short track speed skaters for Canada Olympic gold medalists for Canada Olympic silver medalists for Canada Olympic bronze medalists for Canada Olympic medalists in short track speed skating Short track speed skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics Short track speed skaters at the 2010 Winter Olympics Short track speed skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics Short track speed skaters at the 2018 Winter Olympics Short track speed skaters at the 2022 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2022 Winter Olympics French Quebecers Sportspeople from Lévis, Quebec People from Sainte-Julie, Quebec Sportspeople from Montérégie Canadian male speed skaters World Short Track Speed Skating Championships medalists	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Hamelin
Life for Rent is the second studio album by English singer Dido, released by Arista Records on 29 September 2003. The album was produced by her brother Rollo Armstrong and American songwriter Rick Nowels. Work on the album began in mid-2002. It was certified 9× Platinum by the BPI, and sold over 12 million copies worldwide, making it the fourth best-selling album worldwide of 2003. The album became the seventh best-selling album of the 2000s in the United Kingdom, making Dido the only singer to have two albums in the top 10 list. As of 2015, Life for Rent is the 34th best-selling album in UK chart history. In 2019 it was listed the 15th best-selling album of the 21st century in the UK. Composition Life for Rents first track and lead single "White Flag" begins with a lone synth-chord reminiscent of Sinéad O'Connor's "Nothing Compares 2 U". In the song, the protagonist is unwilling to give up, even if they know it is over. It features "multi-layered" sound, delicate piano outro, and strings. In battle, a white flag signals surrender. By stating there will be "No white flag," she indicates she will not give up on the relationship. The second track "Stoned" has a dance vibe, bringing to mind David Bowie circa Outside (1995). The title track, "Life for Rent", has emotional gravity and graceful melody. The song opens with an acoustic guitar, keeping the guitar in and giving the tune a hip-hop beat. "Nothing I have is truly mine" she repeats at the conclusion. "Mary’s in India" is a reflective song about a friend who moves abroad, as the title suggests, and the void her departure creates in those she leaves behind. The fifth track "See You When You're 40" is a somber and melodic ballad with a touch of symphonic air, featuring "quasi" trip hop beat. 'And I've seen, tonight, what I'd been warned about / I'm gonna leave, tonight, before I change my mind,' she sings. The sixth track "Don't Leave Home" sounds like she is picking herself up again although she speaks of shutting the blinds and closing the door, but she revealed that it's about drug addiction. The "narrator" of the song is the drug. Like a controlling lover, the drug takes over the user's life until he does not even want to leave home. "Who Makes You Feel" is a trip-pop, soulful and tender track. "Sand in My Shoes" talks about not having time, while the bridge get a bit dance-house. "Do You Have a Little Time" features lush strings and hip-hop back-beats. "This Land Is Mine" is a reflective piece that according to PopMatters, "could have Travis or Coldplay recording it with big grins on their faces. Simplistic and sparse, the song sounds just a bit like Olivia Newton-John in the early seventies, according to them. "See the Sun" sees Dido swoop in as savior for a broken heart, classified as a "mini-anthem that has all the right items in their proper places." Singles "White Flag" was released as the lead single from the album on 7 July 2003 in the United States and on 1 September 2003 in the United Kingdom. The song was well received by critics who reviewed the album. It became a major worldwide hit, reaching number one in Australia and Europe. It peaked at number two in the United Kingdom, being held off the top spot by the Black Eyed Peas' "Where Is the Love?", and became her highest-charting single to date there. On the UK year-end chart for 2003, the song ranked at number 12. It peaked at number 18 on the Billboard Hot 100 and became her second top-20 single on the chart. It reached number two on the US Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks listing and stayed on the chart for 66 weeks. The song references a past relationship with Bob Page. In an interview with British newspaper The Sun, Dido said "the song is an apology to Page for breaking his heart. 'It was a big decision not to get married...". The video featured the TV actor David Boreanaz. The song ranked on Blender's list "The 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born" at number 317. "Life for Rent" was released as the second single from the album on 1 December 2003. It peaked within the top ten in the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Chart. The music video featured Dido singing in several rooms, and was directed by Sophie Muller. "Don't Leave Home", written by Dido and her brother, was released as the third single via digital download on 10 April 2004, followed by a physical release two days later. The main theme of the song is the use of drugs, where the drugs "sing" to the consumer: "When I've been here for just one day / You'll already miss me if I go away / So close the blinds and shut the door / You won't need other friends anymore". The song debuted and peaked at number 25 in the UK. The track "Stoned" was remixed by Deep Dish and issued as the B-side to the single; this remix had previously reached number one on the Billboard Hot Dance/Club Songs chart in January 2004. "Sand in My Shoes" was released as the fourth and final single from the album; in the US, it was serviced to radio on 23 August 2004, while in the UK, it was issued commercially on 13 September 2004. The remixes became another US club hit, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart. "Sand in My Shoes" debuted and peaked at number 29 in the UK. Critical reception According to review aggregator Metacritic, the album has received generally positive reviews, scoring 69 out of 100 points based on 12 reviews. Jason MacNeil, from PopMatters, gave a very positive review, finishing with: "this record seems to outweigh the previous album in terms of quality and depth". Alexis Petridis wrote "It would be nice to report that Dido's second album is strong enough to reveal her detractors as snobs, who hate the notion that her music appeals to 'ordinary' people ... Sadly, it proves a little more complicated than that". Barry Walters of Rolling Stone declared "Like No Angel ... isn't groundbreaking, but it has its own kind of integrity. "Life for Rent doesn't offer anything that drastically different from Dido's debut album [No Angel], ... she's unassuming and gentle, but her songs are so melodic and atmospheric they easily work their way into the subconscious" was the review by Stephen Thomas Erlewine, from Allmusic. Andrew Lynch, from entertainment.ie noted: "Life For Rent is no masterpiece, but it has the same kind of sweet, unassuming, girl-next-door charm that made its predecessor such a smash hit". Derryck Strachan, BBC Music reviewer wrote " ... she treads a fine line between credibility and popularity ... But, she hasn't put a foot wrong with this album. On the positive side that means more well-crafted folk-pop tunes, on the negative side she hasn't moved forward", also said "Although Dido played a significant part in older brother Rollo's band, ... Faithless, it would be misleading to say that the groups success brought her fame". Commercial performance Life for Rent is the fastest selling album by a woman recording artist, passing five million sales mark in just two weeks. It sold 102,500 on the first day, and 400,351 in the first week. According to the IFPI, it was the fourth best-selling album worldwide of 2003. Also, according to the BPI, Life for Rent was the best-selling album of 2003 in United Kingdom; and the seventh best-selling album between 2000 and 2009 in the country. The album spent ten weeks at the top of the UK albums chart. It remained on the chart for 54 weeks. Also, spent 18 non-consecutive weeks at number one on the European Top 100 Albums chart. In the United States, Life for Rent debuted and peaked at number four. By October 2003, the album had sold over a million and half copies. In Australia the album debuted at number one on the ARIA albums chart, being certified platinum (70,000) copies in its first week. It was one of the biggest selling albums of 2003 and went on to be certified six times platinum for sales of over 420,000. With this, Dido matched the huge success of her previous effort, No Angel. Dido's "Life for Rent Tour" was taken around the world in 2004. The album was nominated for "Best British Album" at the 2004 BRIT Awards along with Daniel Bedingfield's Gotta Get Thru This, Blur's Think Tank and The Coral's Magic and Medicine, but they were all beaten by The Darkness's Permission to Land. "White Flag" was awarded the 2004 Ivor Novello Award in the category International Hit of the Year. Also, in the same year, Life for Rent earned Dido's first Grammy nomination, at the 46th Grammy Awards, in the category Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for the song "White Flag". Track listing Credits adapted from the album's liner notes. All tracks produced by Dido and Rollo, except where noted. Personnel Credits adapted from the album's liner notes. Dido Armstrong – vocals Pauline Taylor – background vocals Rusty Anderson – guitar Dave Randall – guitar Richard J. Parfitt – guitar Rick Nowels – guitar, keyboards Adam Zimmon – acoustic guitar Paul Herman – acoustic guitar Aubrey Nunn – bass guitar Sister Bliss – keyboards, piano Mark Bates – harmonium, keyboards, percussion Carlos Paucar – percussion Mako Sakamoto – drums Andy Treacy – drums Production Producers – D. Armstrong, Rollo Armstrong, R. Nowels Programmers – D. Armstrong, Sister Bliss, DJ Pnut, Steve Sidelynk Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Decade-end charts All-time charts Certifications and sales See also List of best-selling albums by women List of UK Albums Chart number ones of the 2000s List of best-selling albums of the 2000s (decade) in the United Kingdom List of best-selling albums of the 2000s (century) in the United Kingdom Live at Brixton Academy (Dido album) References External links Dido official website Life for Rent at Dido.com 2003 albums Dido (singer) albums Cheeky Records albums Albums produced by Rick Nowels Albums produced by Rollo Armstrong Folk albums by English artists Albums recorded at The Church Studios	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life%20for%20Rent
Collared lizard may refer to: Any member of the North America genus Crotaphytus Crotaphytidae, the family of collared lizards of which Crotaphytus is a member Oplurus cuvieri, a species native to Madagascar Animal common name disambiguation pages	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collared%20lizard
Cole Harbour is a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. In 1978, Halifax Cobequid was divided into four separate ridings, one of which was named Cole Harbour. Upon the recommendations of the 1992 Electoral Boundaries Report, the riding was split into Cole Harbour-Eastern Passage and Dartmouth-Cole Harbour. The district of Cole Harbour was re-created in the 2003 redistribution and was composed of 78 percent of Dartmouth-Cole Harbour and 29 percent of Cole Harbour-Eastern Passage. In 2012, following the Electoral Boundaries Commission review, this district was renamed Cole Harbour-Portland Valley and it lost a portion of the Westphal area to Preston-Dartmouth and gained the area east of Bell Lake from Dartmouth East and the Portland Hills area from Dartmouth South-Portland Valley. Following the 2019 electoral boundary review, the riding reverted back to its former name of Cole Harbour, while losing territory to the new riding of Cole Harbour-Dartmouth, exchanging some territory with Preston-Dartmouth (re-named Preston) and gaining territory from Eastern Shore and Cole Harbour-Eastern Passage. Geography The land area of Cole Harbour is . Members of the Legislative Assembly This riding has elected the following Members of the Legislative Assembly: Election results 1978 general election 1981 general election 1984 general election 1988 general election 2003 general election 2006 general election 2009 general election 2013 general election \|- \|Liberal \|Tony Ince \|align="right"\| 4,002 \|align="right"\| 41.03 \|align="right"\|N/A \|- \|New Democratic Party \|Darrell Dexter \|align="right"\| 3,981 \|align="right"\| 40.82 \|align="right"\|N/A \|- \|Progressive Conservative \|Greg Frampton \|align="right"\| 1,769 \|align="right"\| 18.14 \|align="right"\|N/A \|} 2017 general election 2021 general election References External links October 8, 2013 Nova Scotia General Election Results - Cole harbour-Portland Valley 2006 riding profile June 13, 2006 Nova Scotia Provincial General Election Poll by Poll Results 2003 riding profile Nova Scotia provincial electoral districts Politics of Halifax, Nova Scotia	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cole%20Harbour%20%28electoral%20district%29
Anastasia "Nastia" Valeryevna Liukin (; ; born October 30, 1989) is a Russian-born American former artistic gymnast. She is the 2008 Olympic all-around champion, a five-time Olympic medalist, the 2005 and 2007 World champion on the balance beam, and the 2005 World champion on the uneven bars. She is also a four-time all-around U.S. national champion, winning twice as a junior and twice as a senior. With nine World Championships medals, seven of them individual, Liukin is tied with Shannon Miller for the third-highest tally of World Championship medals among U.S. gymnasts. Liukin also tied Miller's record (later equaled by Simone Biles) as the American gymnast having won the most medals in a single non-boycotted Olympic Games. In October 2011, Liukin announced that she was returning to gymnastics with the hopes of making a second Olympic team. Liukin did not make the 2012 Olympic team and retired from the sport on July 2, 2012. Personal life Liukin was born on October 30, 1989, in Moscow, Russia SFSR, Soviet Union. She is the only child of two former Soviet champion gymnasts: 1988 Summer Olympics double-gold medalist Valeri Liukin and 1987 World clubs champion in rhythmic gymnastics Anna Kotchneva. Her nickname Nastia is a Russian diminutive for Anastasia. The family immigrated to the United States when Nastia was two and a half years old, following the breakup of the Soviet Union, and settled first in New Orleans before moving to Texas. In 1994, Valeri Liukin teamed up with another former Soviet champion athlete, Yevgeny Marchenko, to open the World Olympic Gymnastics Academy (WOGA) in Plano, Texas. Liukin is fluent in English and Russian. She graduated from Spring Creek Academy, located in Plano, Texas, in the spring of 2007. She enrolled as an international business major at Southern Methodist University in January 2008, and took a leave from classes to concentrate on preparations for the 2008 Olympic Games. She returned to campus in spring 2009, but her travel schedule and professional commitments caused her to withdraw before the end of the semester. In January 2013, Liukin attended New York University where she studied sports management and psychology, graduating in May 2016. Nastia has been involved with numerous charities and philanthropy over the years including Cards for Hospitalized Kids, breast cancer awareness and more. Liukin also established the Nastia Liukin Fund with USA Gymnastics which helps support fitness oriented programs for young people. Junior career Liukin began gymnastics at the age of three because she was "always hanging around in the gym" with her parents, who could not afford a babysitter to look after her while they were working as coaches. Liukin's parents initially did not aspire for their daughter to become a gymnast, knowing the pressure of high-level competition firsthand, but relented when they noticed her aptitude for the sport. Liukin competed in her first national championships as a junior in 2002, at the age of 12 and a half. In contrast to her WOGA teammates Carly Patterson and Hollie Vise, who finished first and second, respectively, Liukin fell on the uneven bars which rendered her unable to finish the routine. She continued through the rest of the competition and, despite the incomplete bars set, finished 15th, which landed her one of the final spots on the U.S. National Team. She was chosen to compete with the U.S. team at the 2002 Junior Pan American Championships, where she contributed to the team gold medal and placed second on the uneven bars and balance beam and in the all-around. By 2003, Liukin was one of the strongest junior gymnasts in the United States. She won the junior division of the U.S. National Championships, as well as gold medals on three of the four events: uneven bars, balance beam and floor exercise. She was a member of the gold medal-winning U.S. team at the 2003 Pan American Games; she took second place in the all-around behind teammate Chellsie Memmel. She also won the all-around in the junior division of the 2004 Pacific Alliance Championships. She repeated as junior U.S. all-around champion in 2004. Born in 1989, Liukin was ten months too young to compete as a senior in 2004, and thus was not eligible for a place on the U.S. team for the 2004 Olympics in Athens. Senior career 2005–2006 In 2005, Liukin won her first senior national championships and, once again, earned gold medals on the bars and beam. At the 2005 World Championships in Melbourne, she finished second in the all-around behind teammate Chellsie Memmel with a score of 37.823. In event finals, she won the gold on the uneven bars and balance beam and the silver on the floor exercise. In March 2006, Liukin placed first in the all-around at the American Cup. At the 2006 Pacific Alliance Championships, Liukin tied with teammate Memmel for first in the all-around, won the uneven bars title and a silver medal on beam, and contributed to the U.S. team's gold-medal performance. She competed at the 2006 U.S. Classic as the defending all-around champion, but falls on the uneven bars and floor resulted in a fourth-place finish. However, she scored well on the balance beam and was the only competitor in the meet, junior or senior, to earn a score over 16.00 on this event. In late August, at the 2006 U.S. National Championships, Liukin successfully defended her all-around, beam and bars titles, becoming a two-time senior national champion. She was named to the U.S. team for the 2006 World Gymnastics Championships in Aarhus, Denmark, and was expected by many to be a strong contender for the all-around title. However, because of an ankle injury, she was only able to compete on the uneven bars. Her bars routine in team finals scored a 15.7 and helped the U.S. team win the silver medal. Liukin also qualified for the event finals on bars, scoring 16.05 to earn a silver medal behind Britain's Beth Tweddle. 2007 Liukin's ankle injury required surgery, and the recovery period kept her out of both national and international competition for much of the year. In July 2007, although she was still recovering from her injury, she returned to competition as a member of the American team for the Pan Am Games in Rio de Janeiro. She competed only on bars and beam, contributing to the team's gold-medal finish and winning individual silver medals in the uneven bars and balance beam finals. Despite limited training time on floor and vault in the summer of 2007, Liukin opted to compete all-around at the 2007 U.S. National Championships. She posted the highest score of the entire meet on bars and the second highest score on beam on the second day of competition, winning the senior bars title for the third year in a row and placing second on beam. However, she made several falls and errors on floor and vault, finishing in third place overall, more than five points behind Shawn Johnson, the all-around gold medalist. Following Nationals, Liukin was named to the American team for the World Championships in Stuttgart, Germany, where she competed all-around in the team qualifying round and on bars and beam in the finals. Liukin's score for her bars routine in team finals was a 16.375, the highest score of the day and, in the end, the entire World Championships. However, she made an error at the end of her beam routine and scored 15.175. The team recovered from this and other mistakes to finish first overall with 184.400. Her struggles with the balance beam continued in the all-around final, where she fell. She finished the competition in fifth place. In the event finals, however, Liukin regained her world champion title on the balance beam with a score of 16.025. She also earned a silver on the uneven bars behind Russia's Ksenia Semenova, scoring a 16.300 after taking a step on her dismount. 2008 Liukin's first meet of the 2008 season was the American Cup in New York City, where she defeated 2007 winner Shawn Johnson to regain her title. She posted the highest score of the meet, a 16.600 on the uneven bars. In March, Nastia competed at the Pacific Rim (formerly Pacific Alliance) Championships in San Jose, where she led the American team to a gold medal and won the all-around and balance beam titles. In the team competition, Liukin posted an all-time high score of 16.650 on the uneven bars, but in event finals, she fell on her Gienger release move and took a step on her dismount, earning a 15.225 and taking second place. At the 2008 U.S. National Championships in Boston, Liukin fell on the floor on her double front tuck on the first day of competition, but had a strong meet on her other events and placed second in the all-around behind Shawn Johnson. She regained her national champion title on the beam and defended her national title on the uneven bars for the fourth consecutive year, scoring 17.050 in preliminaries and 17.100 in finals. In June, Liukin competed in the U.S. Olympic Trials in Philadelphia, finishing second behind Johnson and earning a spot on the American team for Beijing. 2008 Olympics Liukin performed in the all-around in the qualifying round of competition. She fell on her dismount from the uneven bars, but nevertheless qualified for the all-around final with a score of 62.325. Liukin also qualified to three event finals: beam, uneven bars (in spite of the fall) and floor exercise. In the team finals, Liukin performed on three events: beam, bars and floor exercise. Her uneven bars score of 16.900 was the highest mark awarded in the entire Olympic competition. Liukin performed second on balance beam, matching her qualifying score of 15.975. On floor exercise, she stepped out of bounds on her first tumbling pass, incurring a 0.1-point penalty, with a final score of 15.200. The American team earned the silver medal, 2.375 points behind China. On August 15, Liukin performed clean routines on all four events (sticking her landings on three out of four events) to win the all-around gold medal with a final score of 63.325. Shawn Johnson took the silver medal with a score of 62.725. The win marked the third time that an American woman had won the Olympic all-around title; Mary Lou Retton and Carly Patterson were the two previous American gold medalists. It was also the fourth time in the history of the Games that two athletes from the same country had taken first and second place in the women's all-around. In the event finals, Liukin earned a surprising bronze medal on floor exercise with a score of 15.425, behind Shawn Johnson, with 15.500, and Romanian Sandra Izbasa, with 15.650. On uneven bars, Liukin and China's He Kexin both posted final marks of 16.725 and earned identical A- and B-panel scores of 7.70 and 9.025, respectively. However, He Kexin was awarded the gold medal, and Liukin got the silver, after a tie-breaking calculation that took into account individual marks given by judges on the B-panel. In the balance beam final, Liukin scored 16.025 to claim silver behind Shawn Johnson's 16.225. With her fifth Beijing medal, Liukin tied Mary Lou Retton and Shannon Miller for the most gymnastics medals won by an American in a single Olympic Games. Following her success in Beijing, Liukin was named the USOC Female Athlete of the Month (August) and ultimately USOC Co-Sportswoman of the Year alongside swimmer Natalie Coughlin; the Women's Sports Foundation Individual Sportswoman of the Year and FIG Athlete of the Year. In addition, she was ranked third in the Associated Press' 2008 Female Athlete of the Year voting behind Candace Parker and Lorena Ochoa. 2009 Liukin decided that she was not done with gymnastics and made her first post-Olympics competitive appearance at the CoverGirl Classic, where she competed only on the balance beam. She placed second behind WOGA teammate Ivana Hong. Liukin once again just performed on the beam at the U.S. Championships, placing fourth. Liukin was added to the national team and included in the World Championships selection camp. However, she pulled out of Worlds selection consideration because she felt that she was not up to World Championships standards. 2012 Liukin announced in the fall of 2011 that she had resumed training for the 2012 Olympic Games. She returned to competition at the 2012 U.S. Classic and only competed on the balance beam, where she finished third. At the Visa Championships, Liukin competed on the balance beam and the uneven bars. On the balance beam, she scored a 15.100 on night one, followed by a 14.100 on night two to place sixth on the event. On the uneven bars, she placed 20th after scoring a 13.150 on night one and 13.650 on night two. Liukin was chosen to compete at the Olympic Trials. Liukin's gymnastics career came to an end after the 2012 Olympic Trials. On the final night of competition, she fell off the bars on her Gienger release, but got back up to finish her routine and landed her first competitive dismount since her comeback. Her bars routine received a 13.950. Her beam routine scored a 14.950, and she did not make the Olympic team. Liukin went to London as the athlete representative for the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG). Eponymous skill Liukin has one eponymous skill listed in the Code of Points. Nastia Liukin Cup The Nastia Liukin Cup is an annual gymnastics competition held in the United States that is hosted by Liukin. The inaugural edition was contested in 2010. The competition is open to Level 10 gymnasts, who can only qualify for the event at designated invitationals across the country. There are both junior and senior fields for the competition, and the competition takes place the Friday prior to the AT&T American Cup, which occurs on the next day, Saturday. The incentive of the competition is to give pre-elite athletes the experience and opportunity to compete on a raised podium surface as well as in a large arena, which is not the norm for average USAG Optional competitions. In 2009, Liukin established the Nastia Liukin Fund in conjunction with USA Gymnastics. The fund's goals include building partnerships with fitness-oriented programs for young people and supporting clubs that have programs that aid gymnastics athletes who need financial assistance. Since its inception in 2010, all net proceeds from the Nastia Liukin Cup have gone to the fund. Many former competitors at the Cup have gone on to elite competition and even international competition, with 2012 Olympic Champion Gabby Douglas and 2017 World all-around Champion Morgan Hurd having competed in the 2010 and 2014 editions respectively. World champions including Maggie Nichols and Mykayla Skinner have also participated in the event. Media appearances Film and television Liukin had cameo roles in the April 2006 Touchstone Pictures film Stick It, and a 2008 episode of Gossip Girl. Liukin also guest starred on The CW series Hellcats. Liukin was on The Tour of Gymnastics Superstars after the 2008 Olympic Games, which was broadcast nationwide on MyNetworkTV. On February 24, 2015, Liukin was announced as one of the celebrities who would compete on the 20th season of Dancing with the Stars. She was partnered with professional dancer and five-time champion Derek Hough. They made it to week 9 (the semi-finals), but were then eliminated on May 12, 2015, despite consistent high scores. She later returned to Dancing with the Stars during season 27 to be a trio partner to Mary Lou Retton and Sasha Farber. On May 4, 2015, Liukin was announced as the grand marshal for the 99th Indianapolis 500. In January 2023, Liukin appeared on the reality show Special Forces on FOX alongside other celebrities. Liukin serves as an analyst for NBC Sports Group during their coverage of gymnastics events. She was also a special correspondent for NBC during the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi. Professional alliances In 2017, Liukin launched her own line of gymnastics equipment, including mats, bars and balance beams in her signature pink, produced by American Athletic, Inc. Liukin's corporate sponsors include Visa, AT&T, GK Elite Sportswear and Longines. She appeared in an Adidas commercial with Nadia Comăneci that ran during the 2004 Olympics and a 2008 commercial for Visa Inc. She signed an endorsement deal on March 15, 2010, and appeared in commercials for Subway. After the Beijing Olympics, she was signed to be one of four American Olympians featured on Wheaties cereal boxes. Liukin was a Longines Sports Ambassador of Elegance in 2006 and, along with her teammates Shawn Johnson and Alicia Sacramone, was one of the first female athletes ever to be signed as CoverGirl spokesmodels. She also collaborated with Vanilla Star Jeans to create a junior girls' clothing line and has modeled for Max Azria. In June 2010, she launched a line of girls' wear called Supergirl by Nastia for department store chain JC Penney. Literature Liukin released her autobiography, Finding My Shine, on November 24, 2015. Competitive history See also List of multiple Olympic medalists at a single Games List of top Olympic gymnastics medalists List of top medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships List of Olympic female gymnasts for the United States References External links 1989 births Living people American child actresses American female artistic gymnasts Gymnasts at the 2003 Pan American Games Gymnasts at the 2007 Pan American Games Gymnasts at the 2008 Summer Olympics Nastia Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships New York University School of Professional Studies alumni Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in gymnastics Olympic gold medalists for the United States in gymnastics Olympic silver medalists for the United States in gymnastics Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States People from Parker, Texas Soviet emigrants to the United States Sportspeople from Texas Gymnasts from Moscow Russian emigrants to the United States Russian Orthodox Christians from Russia Russian Orthodox Christians from the United States World champion gymnasts World Olympic Gymnastics Academy Pan American Games medalists in gymnastics Gymnasts from Texas U.S. women's national team gymnasts Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games Originators of elements in artistic gymnastics Gymnastics broadcasters	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nastia%20Liukin
USS Amesbury (DE-66/APD-46), a of the United States Navy, was named in honor of Lieutenant (jg) Stanton Morgan Amesbury (1916–1942), who was killed in action while flying from the aircraft carrier during Operation Torch in 1942. Amesbury was laid down on 8 March 1943 at Hingham, Massachusetts, by the Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard; launched on 6 June 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Janet Kenney Amesbury, the widow of Lieutenant (jg.) Amesbury; and commissioned on 31 August 1943. Service history Convoy escort, 1943–1944 Upon the completion of her shakedown training at Bermuda and of post-shakedown availability at the Boston Navy Yard, Amesbury proceeded to Norfolk, Virginia, where, until 13 November she served as a unit of the destroyer escort (DE) pre-commissioning training detail, used for the instruction of future DE sailors. One week later, on 20 November, Amesbury commenced operation with Task Force 69 on trans-Atlantic convoy escort runs and later joined Task Group (TG) 21.9 in similar work. She operated in this capacity through the spring of 1943. During this time, she served as flagship for Commander, Escort Division 19, commanded by Commander H. W. Howe, on four round-trip voyages to Londonderry, Northern Ireland, and one to Greenock, Scotland. At this time, CortDiv 19 consisted of the destroyer escorts Amesbury, , , , , and . On 10 May 1944, Amesbury's captain "fleeted up" to ComCortDiv 19, relieving CDR Howe, and LCDR Arthur B. Wilber, USNR, assumed command of the ship. Invasion of Normandy, 1944 At Londonderry on 1 June 1944, Amesbury reported for duty with TF 124, TG 124.7 and, two days later, sailed to take part in the invasion of Normandy. Arriving in the assault area on 6 June, she took up her assigned area on a screen and fire support station in the "Mason Dixie" grid. During the next week on station, Amesbury took part in several anti-aircraft actions against attacking German planes bedeviling the ships offshore. Between air attacks and drifting mines, the work of the escorts was brisk. At 2112 on 11 June, struck a mine while proceeding in convoy through a channel to the assault area, and Amesbury hastened to her assistance. Three smaller craft arrived on the scene and were busily picking up survivors before the destroyer escort reached the tank landing ship's side. As soon as cleared LST-496, LCDR Wilber skillfully maneuvered Amesbury alongside the stricken amphibious ship and moored her to remove the remainder of the LST's crew and embarked troops, summoning a doctor from to treat the injured men taken on board. Meanwhile, the tug arrived on the scene and, with the assistance of Amesbury's sailors on board LST-496, secured a tow line to the crippled ship. However, a short time later, LST-496, barely underway, began to capsize to port. Amesbury promptly cut her lines and maneuvered to clear, the sailors she had put on board the doomed ship to handle the lines being ordered off. Lieutenant H. J. Riley, USNR, in charge of Amesburys detail, made certain that all of his men were safely away before he jumped to safety. Ultimately, all of the destroyer escort's sailors were picked up, uninjured, but the ship they had attempted to salvage soon sank. Amesbury returned to Plymouth, England, the next day, 12 June and got underway for New York on 13 June. Resuming her duties with CortDiv 19, the ship made one round-trip voyage between New York and Ireland in July. Return to US waters and conversion, 1944–1945 On 4 August, with the dissolution of CortDiv 19, Amesbury sailed for Panama as relief for the destroyer . Diverted while en route, to Key West, Florida, Amesbury reported to Commander, TG 23.3 for temporary duty. From that time until 20 February 1945, the destroyer escort was assigned to the Fleet Sonar School squadron, operating daily from Key West within the limits of assigned operating areas in the Straits of Florida, in connection with training in anti-submarine warfare. Amesbury arrived at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 23 February, was redesignated APD-46 on that day, and remained there until 16 May 1945 while undergoing conversion to a Charles Lawrence-class high speed transport. Amesbury got underway from Norfolk for the west coast and, after proceeding via the Panama Canal, reached San Diego on 17 June. Following a brief visit to Hawaii, the ship returned from Pearl Harbor to the west coast to conduct sonar exercises with the West Coast Sonar School and gunnery and shakedown training with the San Diego Shakedown Group into mid-August as the war ended in the Pacific. Post-war Pacific operations, 1945 With the 11 officers and 81 enlisted men of Underwater Demolition Team 12 embarked, Amesbury sailed for Okinawa on 16 August. After tarrying briefly at Pearl Harbor and in the western Pacific en route, the ship arrived at Okinawa on 4 September. She sortied the next day as part of Task Unit (TU) 78.1.15 for Jinsen (now Inchon) Korea to support the unfolding occupation of that region. Remaining in the area until 15 September, Amesbury acted as screening vessel for the anchorage while UDT-12 conducted beach reconnaissance. After a quick return to Okinawa, Amesbury proceeded to Tientsin, China, on 25 September, where she supported the landings at that north Chinese port. She departed Chinese waters on 4 October with a group of tank landing ships, bound for Okinawa. En route, she destroyed three mines, a derelict Chinese junk, and successfully rode out a typhoon. Sailing for Guam on 22 October, Amesbury embarked 37 Marines for passage back home and, in company with , proceeded via Eniwetok and Pearl Harbor, on to the United States arriving at San Diego on 7 November. After embarking Army passengers, Amesbury sailed for the east coast on 7 December and reached Norfolk soon thereafter. After disembarking her passengers and discharging ammunition and other stores, she proceeded to Green Cove Springs, Florida, for lay-up in the Florida Group 16th Fleet. Decommissioning and sale Decommissioned and placed in reserve on 3 July 1946, Amesbury never again performed active service. Stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 June 1960, Amesbury was sold to Chet Alexander Marine Salvage of Key West, Florida, on 24 October 1962. Her hulk sank approximately west of Key West while under tow, and now rests in of water at . Awards Amesbury earned one battle star for her World War II service off the Normandy beachhead. References External links Buckley-class destroyer escorts Charles Lawrence-class high speed transports World War II frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States History of Key West, Florida Shipwrecks of the Florida Keys Ships built in Hingham, Massachusetts 1943 ships World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States Maritime incidents in 1962	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Amesbury
Jerry Lee Tagge (born April 12, 1950) is a former American football player. He played college football as quarterback at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, where he led the Nebraska Cornhuskers to consecutive national championships in 1970 and 1971. Tagge played professionally with the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1972 to 1974, the San Antonio Wings of the World Football League (WFL) in 1975, and the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL) from 1977 to 1979. Early life Tagge was born at Offutt Air Force Base south of Omaha, Nebraska, the third child and second son of William Robert (Billy) Tagge and Lois Jurczyk Tagge. As a teenager in the mid-1960s in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Tagge sold concessions at Lambeau Field, the home of the Green Bay Packers, then coached by Vince Lombardi. He graduated from Green Bay West High School in 1968. College career Tagge played college football at Nebraska under head coach Bob Devaney. In his sophomore year in 1969, Tagge rose to second-string quarterback. His playing time increased until midway through his junior year when he took over the starting position from Van Brownson, leading the team to a 10–0–1 season and a matchup with LSU in the 1971 Orange Bowl. Tagge scored the game-winning touchdown in a 17–12 victory over the Tigers on a quarterback sneak, earning himself Most Valuable Player honors, and the Huskers the AP national championship for 1970. Both #1 Texas and #2 Ohio State lost their bowl games on New Year's Day. (Through the 1973 season, the final UPI coaches' poll was released in December, before the bowls.) In his senior season in 1971, Tagge quarterbacked the Huskers for the entire season, including the "Game of the Century" against the undefeated Oklahoma Sooners in Norman, a 35–31 victory on Thanksgiving Day. Nebraska crushed undefeated Alabama, 38–6, in the 1972 Orange Bowl, earning Tagge MVP honors for the second time. The Huskers finished 13–0 in 1971 and were a consensus choice, earning consecutive national titles. Nebraska had defeated the next three teams in the final AP poll: Oklahoma, Colorado (31–7 in Lincoln), and Alabama. Tagge then played in the Hula Bowl in Honolulu, leading the North to a 24–7 win over the South. Tagge was the first of three Nebraska Cornhuskers selected in the first round of the 1972 NFL Draft, along with running back Jeff Kinney and defensive tackle Larry Jacobson. The eleventh overall pick, Tagge was the first quarterback selected. Professional career Tagge's performance earned the notice of Dan Devine, head coach of the Green Bay Packers. Devine was formerly the head coach at Missouri in the Big Eight Conference, through the 1970 season. On his recommendation, the Packers selected Tagge in the first round of the 1972 NFL Draft (11th overall). Tagge did not enjoy the success in his hometown that he had at Nebraska, completing only three touchdown passes in 17 games played during three seasons from 1972 to 1974. Following the 1974 season, Devine left the Packers for Notre Dame. The Packers' new head coach was Bart Starr, who released Tagge during the 1975 preseason, in Tagge signed with the San Antonio Wings of the short-lived World Football League. He started in the Wings' final game on October 19, 1975 and was intercepted five times; he ran for two touchdowns and threw for another. The Wings folded three days later with the rest of the WFL on Tagge then moved north to Canada to the CFL, joining the BC Lions in 1977. He finally saw plenty of playing time as a starter, and was awarded the Jeff Nicklin Memorial Trophy in his first season. He played three seasons with BC, until a knee injury ended his career in 1979. Post-football career and life In 1981, Tagge moved to St. Louis, where he sold apartment buildings. He also met his future wife, Betty, whom he married the following year. He returned to Nebraska in 1986, initially selling life insurance, then founded Tagge-Rutherford Financial Services in Omaha, for which he serves as executive vice president. Career highlights As the Nebraska Cornhuskers' quarterback, he led his team to national titles in 1970 and 1971, was named Orange Bowl Most Valuable Player (MVP) in 1971 and 1972 and shared honors as Hula Bowl MVP with Walt Patulski of Notre Dame, the first selection in the 1972 Draft. Additionally, Tagge was an All-American in 1971 and is a member of the University of Nebraska Hall of Fame. At Nebraska, Tagge threw for 5,071 yards, completing 377 of 637 passes (59.2%), 32 for touchdowns. He was a first-round draft choice, 11th overall, of the Green Bay Packers in 1972. In three years with the Packers, Tagge played 17 games completing 136 of 281 passes for 1583 yards,3 TDs, and 17 interceptions. In 1975, he played briefly for the Wings in the WFL, where completed 18 of 34 passes for 265 yards, 1 TD, and 5 interceptions. In 1977, he moved north to Canada, where he was named a CFL all-star and winner of the Jeff Nicklin Memorial Trophy and runner-up for the CFL's Most Outstanding Player Award. In 1977, he completed 232 of 405 passes for 2787 yards, and in 1978, he hit 243 of 430 passes for 3134 yards. He played part of the 1979 season before injuries forced him to retire. As a professional quarterback, Tagge had 718 completions in 1,304 attempts for 9,277 yards and 38 TDs. See also List of NCAA major college football yearly passing leaders References Buechler, August F., History of Hall County, Nebraska. Western Publishing and Engraving, Lincoln, Nebraska, 1920. Kelly, Michael, "Tagge Finds Peace Off Field," Omaha World-Herald, October 3, 2004. Rodgers, Johnny, An Era of Greatness. Champion Publishing, Inc., 2006. External links 1950 births Living people American football quarterbacks American players of Canadian football BC Lions players Canadian football quarterbacks Green Bay Packers players Nebraska Cornhuskers football players San Antonio Wings players Players of American football from Green Bay, Wisconsin	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Tagge
Tineo (Asturian Tinéu) is a concejo (municipality) in the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is situated on a small tributary of the Narcea River. It is the second-largest municipality in Asturias. It is bordered to the north by Valdés, to the south by Cangas del Narcea, to the west by Villayón and Allande, and to the east by Salas, Belmonte de Miranda and Somiedo. Mining, agriculture and stock-rearing have been the principal industries since the early 20th century. History Coat of arms Top left, Castle Tineo Top right, Coat of Arms from García de la Plaza, the local Heroe Bottom left, Coat of Arms by the Cistercians Monastery in Castilla Bottom right unten, Coat of Arms by the Franciscans in the Monastery of Tieno middle, das Coat of Arms from the Count of Tineo Way of St. James The Way of St. James or Camino de Santiago named "The Northern Way" (Camino de la Costa) Camino Primitivo passes Luarca. There are also two Pilgrim Heritages: Albergue de Peregrinos «Mater Christi» - Marco Rodríguez, s/n - 33870 - Tineo (20 Beds) Albergue de Peregrinos «Tineo» - C/ Cabezas de San Juan - 33870 Tineo. Demography Politics Parroquias (Parishes) Tourism The Sacred Art Museum of Tineo is located at the Plaza Alonso Martinez inside the Convento de San Francisco del Monte ("Convent of San Francisco del Monte"), a 14th-century Roman Catholic church accessible via the AS-217 road. References External links Ayuntamiento de Tineo (in Spanish) Palacio de Meras Hotel & Spa ** - Meras Palace Hotel & Spa ** Tineo Monumental (in Spanish) Tineo Nature images (in Spanish) Municipalities in Asturias Towns in Asturias	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin%C3%A9u
Zizula hylax, 'the Tiny grass blue is a species of blue butterfly. Description Male upperside: dull violet blue, which changes to a brighter tint of violet in certain lights. Forewing: the costa very narrowly, the termen much more broadly dull brown; this edging to the termen in most specimens decreases in width from apex to tornus, and is outwardly followed by an anteciliary darker brown line. Cilia brownish anteriorly, posteriorly brownish at the base with the apical portions white. Hindwing: the ground colour brighter than on the forewing, the costal and terminal margins much more narrowly edged with brown, which edging is merged in the anteciliary dark brown line. Cilia: brown along their basal halves, white apically. Underside: grey. Forewing: a dusky brown lunular line on the discocellulars; two subcostal spots above the cell, one on either side of the discocellular lunule; a very strongly curved discal series of five spots, of which the posterior three are somewhat lunular in shape and placed obliquely en echelon, the next above these hook shaped, the anterior spot round; both the subcostal spots and the spots of the discal series are black, each narrowly encircled with white; beyond these are inner and outer subterminal dusky lines, which anteriorly are continuous, posteriorly somewhat broken and macular, followed by a very conspicuous jet-black anteciliary slender line. Cilia greyish white, traversed by a medial transverse blackish-brown line. Hindwing: with the following small white-encircled black spots: a subbasal transverse series of three, followed by a highly curved series of eight spots, that curve across the disc of the wing to the costa and along the latter towards the base; discocellulars with a dusky short lunular line as on the forewing; terminal markings and cilia similar, but the outer and broader subterminal line more broken and macular than on the forewing. Antennae black, the shafts ringed with white; head, thorax and abdomen dark brown, with a little violet pubescence on the head and thorax; beneath: palpi, thorax and abdomen greyish white. Female upperside: glossy brown, without any violet tint whatever; the anteciliary darker brown lines on both forewings and hindwings well marked. Underside: very similar to that of the male, the ground colour a shade darker, the markings slightly larger and more prominent. Antenna, head, thorax and abdomen as in the male, but the latter three without a trace of violet or blue on the upperside. Distribution The tiny grass blue is found in several races throughout tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia, and Oceania, including India, Japan, the Philippines, Singapore, Eswatini, north and east coasts of Australia and also in southern Australia. Life history The wingspan of the adults is about . The eggs are pale green, round, and flattened, with a diameter of about . They are laid singly on buds and flowers of a food plant. The caterpillars are long, green with a dark red line along the back, and light and dark lines partway along the sides. The sides are hairy, and the head is pale brown. The pupa is 0.7 cm long, hairy and green, and is attached to a stem or the underside of a leaf of a food plant. Food plants Food plants include various members of the family Acanthaceae. Species noted include Hygrophila auriculata and Phaulopsis dorsiflora. References Further reading Cowan, C.F., 1965. Comment on the proposed designation of a type species for Pithecops Horsfield, 1828. Z.N (S.) 1675. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 22 (4):209-210. ICZN. Opinion 822, 1967. Pithecops Horsfield, [1828] designation of a type species under the plenary powers. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 24' (4):216-217. External links Polyommatini Butterflies of Africa Butterflies of Asia Butterflies of Oceania Butterflies of Australia Butterflies of Singapore Butterflies described in 1775 Taxa named by Johan Christian Fabricius	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zizula%20hylax
A lint roller or lint remover is a roll of one-sided adhesive paper on a cardboard or plastic barrel that is mounted on a central spindle, with an attached handle. The device facilitates the removal of lint or other small fibers from most materials such as clothing, upholstery and linen. Once expended, the roll can typically be replaced with a "refill" roll. Invented in 1956 by Nicholas McKay, Sr., his most well-known (and first commercial) product was the Lint Pic-Up, the world's first lint roller. Reusable lint rollers use elastomers, including silicones and polystyrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene as a reusable tacky surface. The material is similar to polymers used in walking toys such as Wacky WallWalker. A lint roller's design enables fast 360 degree rotation, which facilitates the easy removal of unsightly fiber (often animal hair). Lint rollers can be purchased in many sizes, from pet stores, supermarkets and online. The product is popular among dog and cat owners, as it will also remove dog and cat hair from fabrics, carpets etc. A similar device, the lint brush uses a fabric cushion mounted to a handle, that when rubbed one way across the fabric to be cleaned, picks up the small fibers. By reversing the direction of movement across the fabric or by picking off the excess lint, it is possible to clean the lint brush. Some lint brushes are double sided in order to allow the brush to be used in both directions and to extend the use of the brush by limiting wear. See also Lint (material) List of cleaning tools Nicholas McKay References Cleaning tools American inventions	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lint%20remover
To Be or Not to Be is a 1983 American war comedy film directed by Alan Johnson, produced by Mel Brooks, and starring Brooks, Anne Bancroft, Tim Matheson, Charles Durning, Christopher Lloyd, and José Ferrer. The screenplay was written by Ronny Graham and Thomas Meehan, based on the original story by Melchior Lengyel, Ernst Lubitsch and Edwin Justus Mayer. The film is a remake of the 1942 film of the same name. Plot Fredrick Bronski runs a large ensemble show out of Warsaw. Despite the relative success the show receives, the majority of the cast are annoyed by the fact that Fredrick nitpicks who does what, in particular his wife Anna, whom he regularly tries to undermine despite her getting the lion's share of audience praise. This leads her to begin a flirtation with bomber pilot Andre Sobinski, who she invites to come to her dressing room when Fredrick's begins the "To be, or not to be" speech from Hamlet. Their fling is cut short by the Nazi invasion of Poland, forcing Sobinski to return to his squadron. As the Bronski Theater struggles to remain open in spite of Gestapo censorship, Sobinski and the rest of the Royal Air Force's Polish squadron commiserate with Polish radio broadcaster Dr. Siletski, who tells them he is returning to Poland and talks them into giving him messages to family members and members of the Polish Underground. However, when Siletski fails to recognize Anna Bronski's name, despite having claimed to have lived in Warsaw, Sobinski becomes suspicious. He consults with British intelligence, who realize that Siletski is a Nazi sympathizer who intends to deliver the names to the Gestapo. Sobinski air drops into Warsaw and meets up with Anna and Fredrick, who have been forced to move in with Anna's dresser Sasha after their home was turned into Gestapo Headquarters. After arriving in Warsaw, Siletski has Anna brought to his room at the former Europa Hotel (which was turned into German Military Headquarters) to ask her about Sobinski's personal message. Convinced that it has no military significance, he invites Anna to return for dinner. Returning home, Anna explains the situation to Fredrick and Sobinski, and realizing that Siletski and Gestapo leader Colonel Erhardt have never met, they decide that Frederick will pose as Erhardt. Actors dressed as Gestapo members interrupt Anna's date with Siletski and take him to "headquarters," the Bronski Theater. Frederick successfully retrieves the list from Siletski but unwittingly blows his cover when he reacts to news of Anna's liaisons with Sobinski. Siletski tries to escape through the theater, but Sobinski shoots him down. This forces Fredrick to pose as Siletski to retrieve a copy of the list and get Anna out of the hotel. Gestapo Captain Schultz is also there to bring Siletski to Colonel Erhardt's office. Frederick is able to fool Erhardt by naming recently executed prisoners as the leaders of the Polish Underground. Nazi soldiers invade the theater to arrest Sasha for being homosexual, and when Anna and the others try to protect him, the theater is closed. Anna is taken to Gestapo headquarters under Erhardt's orders, so Frederick again disguises as Siletski to try and retrieve her, unaware that the Germans have discovered Siletski's body. After Frederick arrives, Ehrhardt leaves him in a room with Siletsky's dead body. Frederick has an extra fake beard, shaves off Siletsky's beard and applies the fake. He then goads Ehrhardt into pulling it off, convincing Ehrhardt that he is the real Siletsky and securing Sasha's release. Unaware of Ehrhardt's successful scheme, several actors disguised as Hitler's safety squad arrive, yank off Frederick's fake beard and pretend to drag out Frederick and Sasha. Knowing the ruse won't be able to hold for much longer, Sobinski and the Bronski Theater troupe plan to use a special performance for the visiting Hitler as a smokescreen to get themselves (and the Jewish refugees Fredrick has unwittingly sheltered) out of Occupied Poland. Despite hiccups in the performance everyone makes out of the theater. Anna does not show up at the stage door because Ehrhardt has cornered her in her dressing room, but when Frederick comes to get her disguised as Hitler, Ehrhardt panics and lets her go. At the airport German security spots the costumed troupe members and catch on to the deception, but Sobinski pilots the plane off the ground and over to England. In gratitude for their heroics, the English government allows the Bronskis to perform in London where, to Fredrick and Sobinski's horror, another young soldier stands and walks out on Fredrick's "To be or not to be" speech. Cast Connections with the original This remake is mostly faithful to the 1942 film on which it is based and, in many cases, dialogue is taken verbatim from the earlier film. The characters of Bronski and Joseph Tura are, however, combined into a single character (played by Brooks). The character of the treacherous Professor Siletsky (here spelled Siletski) is made into a more comic, even somewhat buffoonish, figure; in the original he was the only completely serious character. Instead of having the company preparing for Hamlet, Bronski performs his "world famous, in Poland" highlights from Hamlet, including the To Be or Not To Be soliloquy, from which the film's name is taken. Anna's dresser has been replaced with Sasha, allowing them to address the plight of gay people who were also persecuted under the Nazis. Reception Roger Ebert's three-star review stated that in the film, Mel Brooks "combines a backstage musical with a wartime romance and comes up with an eclectic comedy that races off into several directions, usually successfully." Gene Siskel awarded two-and-half stars and wrote that the film "contains more genuine sentiment than big laughs. If you are looking for laughs, as I was the first time I saw it, you may be disappointed. More often than not the jokes just lay there, a beat late, easily anticipated. On a second viewing, however, the sentiment of the piece rings true, particularly the troupe's final theatrical confrontation with an all-Nazi audience." (On their annual If We Picked the Winners Oscar special the next year, both Siskel & Ebert chose Charles Durning's Oscar nomination as the worst nomination of that year, believing that he took a slot that could've gone to any of the cast members of The Right Stuff or to Jeff Daniels for his performance in Terms of Endearment.) Vincent Canby of The New York Times lauded the film as "smashingly funny. I'm not at all sure that it's a classic, but it's so good in its own right, in the way it preserves and revives the wonderfully farcical Edwin Justus Mayer screenplay, that you leave the theater having a brand-new high." Variety called it "very funny stuff indeed," adding, "Durning is a standout as the buffoonish Gestapo topper and Bancroft's pseudo-seduction of him, and Ferrer, are among the pic's highlights." Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times thought that the film didn't work "on two formidable counts. First, Brooks and his associates could never be accused of having anything remotely resembling a Lubitsch touch: that celebrated, indefinable combination of wit, subtlety and sophistication that allowed the legendary Berlin-born director to get away with implying just about anything, although even he was accused of bad taste in making his 'To Be Or Not To Be.' Second, we know far more than was known in 1942 of the full extent of the Nazi evil, especially in regard to the fate of the Jews ... Somehow an entire movie that depicts the Nazis as the buffoons of fantasy, while we know full well that the peril of Brooks' largely Jewish acting company is all too real, isn't very funny but instead is merely crass." Gary Arnold of The Washington Post wrote that "Brooks embarks on an unnecessary remake and then fails to tailor the material adequately to a 1980s perspective or his own performing strengths ... the result is a klunky, tacky-looking color reproduction of the original." David Ansen of Newsweek stated, "To those who know and love the Jack Benny-Carole Lombard original, this may seem like sacrilege. But because the copy is so entertaining in its own right, it seems more a tribute than a rip-off ... Do not expect the usual Brooksian ka-ka jokes and mad non sequiturs: this is his warmest, most plotbound and traditional movie. It may be a twice-told tale, but it's nice to know that delight can strike twice in the same spot." It has a 55% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 22 reviews, indicating "Rotten." However, the film was not a great commercial success, grossing only $13,030,214. Awards and nominations References External links 1983 films American satirical films American screwball comedy films 1980s English-language films Remakes of American films Films about actors Films about theatre American slapstick comedy films American World War II films Films scored by John Morris Films produced by Mel Brooks Brooksfilms films 20th Century Fox films Films directed by Alan Johnson (choreographer) Films with screenplays by Thomas Meehan (writer) 1980s Polish-language films 1980s screwball comedy films 1983 comedy films 1983 multilingual films Polish multilingual films 1983 directorial debut films 1980s American films	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%20Be%20or%20Not%20to%20Be%20%281983%20film%29
Equatorial College School, also known as ECS, is a private secondary school in the Ibanda District of Uganda. It was founded by a group of professionally skilled teachers in 2002 under the board of Directors headed by Robert Kamasaka, and the current Headmaster is Bigirwa Moses. It maintains strong links with its sister school, University College School in London, from which it receives funds, resources and a steady stream of gap year students. It also has links with Kingston University. The ECS is a mixed school where the pupils are aged 13-19 and it has a total of 470 students. The school teaches traditional subjects, such as maths, English and science and pupils who attend here, achieve some of the highest exam results in the region. Here, girls are given equal opportunities to the boys. Fees are between £150 a year which includes daily meals, and if boarding is required, these fees are doubled. Regular trips to Uganda are made by students and teachers from University College School. References Schools in Uganda Educational institutions established in 2002 Ibanda District 2002 establishments in Uganda	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial%20College%20School
Sara María Aldrete Villareal (born September 6, 1964) is a Mexican alleged serial killer who was convicted for supposedly heading a drug-smuggling and human sacrifice cult with Adolfo Constanzo. The members of the cult, dubbed by the media as The Narcosatanists (Spanish: "Los Narcosatánicos"), called her The Godmother ("La Madrina"), with Constanzo as "The Godfather" ("El Padrino"). The cult was involved in multiple ritualistic killings in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, including the murder of Mark Kilroy, an American student killed in Matamoros in 1989. She received a sentence of 62 years. Early life and education Born in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, she attended high school in Brownsville, Texas, while still living south of the border, and gained resident alien status so she could attend Texas Southmost College. She was known among her peers as a good student. She is tall and studied physical education, preparing to transfer to a university to earn a teaching certification in physical education. Background Adolfo Constanzo, a Cuban American fortune-teller and religious cult leader, introduced her to witchcraft and dark magic. He gave her the nickname "La Madrina", Spanish for "godmother", and initiated her into his cult, which was a conglomeration of Santería, Aztec warrior ritual, and Palo Mayombe, complete with blood sacrifices. Constanzo sexually assaulted and killed drug dealers and used their body parts for religious sacrifice ceremonies in an old warehouse near Matamoros. Many of his victims' body parts were cooked in a large pot called a nganga. Constanzo made Sara Aldrete second-in-command of his cult, and directed her to supervise his followers while he was shipping marijuana over the border into the U.S. Killings In 1989, the killings grew more frequent and gained attention when American tourist Mark J. Kilroy, a University of Texas student on Spring Break, was abducted. Constanzo, Aldrete and the rest of the cult went on the run when detectives discovered their 'shrine'. They found human hair, brains, teeth, and skulls at the site of the murders. Eventually, the police found their hideout in Mexico City on May 6, 1989. After a shootout, Constanzo and one of his accomplices were shot and killed by another member of the cult, apparently at Constanzo's behest. Aldrete was convicted of criminal association in 1990 and jailed for six years. In a second trial, she was convicted of several of the killings at the cult's headquarters, and sentenced to 30 years in prison. If Aldrete is ever released from prison, American authorities plan to prosecute her for the murder of Mark Kilroy. See also List of serial killers by country List of serial killers by number of victims References 1964 births Crimes involving Satanism or the occult Mexican female gangsters Living people Mexican crime bosses Mexican female serial killers Mexican occultists Mexican people convicted of murder Mexican Santeríans People convicted of murder by Mexico People from Matamoros, Tamaulipas	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara%20Aldrete
The Ghost Tower of Inverness is an adventure module for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game, set in the game's World of Greyhawk campaign setting. The module's title refers to an ancient magical tower located in the southern Abbor-Alz Hills. The "C" in the module code represents the first letter in the word "competition," the name of C1 – C6 module series. Plot summary The player characters go on a quest to find the fabled Soul Gem, a legendary artifact of great power. They must gather the four parts of a key granting them entrance to the Ghost Tower. Inverness was the fortress of the great wizard Galap-Dreidel, whose magic raised a great stone tower within a formidable keep. The tower was built to house Galap-Dreidel’s most prized possession, an eldritch jewel called the Soul Gem, which could steal life from any creature. The monsters and magic of the tower kept the gem safe for many years, but when Galap-Dreidel vanished, Inverness was seized and its tower was destroyed. No sign of the Soul Gem was ever found, but local folk talk of seeing a ghostly vision of the tower of Inverness on fog-shrouded nights. Seeking to discover where the Soul Gem was hidden, the characters descend beneath the ruined tower, discovering four pieces of magical metal that bond together to form a key. The key opens the doors to the central chamber beneath the tower, which holds a time portal that takes the characters back to the age when the tower of Inverness was still standing. Each level of the tower is a deadly gauntlet meant to destroy intruders. Passing through levels of air, earth, fire, and water (the latter featuring reversed gravity) eventually leads the characters to the top of the tower. The Soul Gem is there, but its magic tries to steal the souls of the characters even as they try to claim it. Tournament version Players may choose from one of five pre-determined characters listed in the module. All of the characters are in the dungeon of the Duke Justinian Lorimnar of Unst for various crimes and charged with the task of recovering the Soul Gem for the Duke: Hodar - A sorcerer practicing forbidden magic specifically outlawed by the Duke Zinethar - A priest who led a temple revolt against the Duke's citizens Lembu - A fighter who killed the palace guard captain and 11 of his men in a barroom brawl Discinque - A thief who attempted to steal jewels from the crown, only to fall off the wall on top of the guard patrol Li Hon - A monk indentured into the Duke's service by her monastery in lieu of tax payment The Duke, after providing gold for the characters to equip themselves, also provides a magic item (the Amulet of Recall) which teleports the party back to the Duke, no matter where they are. After equipping is complete, the palace guard escort the characters to the ruined site of the ghost tower, where players must then figure out actions on their own how to best enter the tower and recover the gem. Tournament Points are added, or deducted, from both team and individual scores depending on how characters choose to handle the situations they encounter. These include a chess room, a "frozen bugbear" room, a "tunnel" room, and others. When the proper keys from this level are gathered and activated, the party (unbeknownst to them) travel back in time within the Tower, where more challenges await, among them elemental levels of the newly restored tower. The final level of the tower houses the Soul Gem, which is behind a force field that must be broken before the characters can claim it. Should the characters survive, they use the amulet to return to the Duke and keep all treasure they find (subject to 20% tax). The "twist" at the end is that any character that was killed by the gem can be restored to life by the Duke's Seer. Published version The characters are hired by the Duke to recover the gem, but are not provided starting gold nor subject to the 20% treasure tariff of the spoils. Also, unlike the tournament version, which often specifically states how much damage characters take from certain actions, in the non-tournament version characters are subject to normal random damage rolls. Additional encounters and traps are also added, which are marked "Not for Tournament Use" in the module. Publication history The adventure was written by Allen Hammack, with art by Jim Roslof and Erol Otus. The module was originally used for the AD&D tournament at Wintercon VIII which took place on November 1979 in Detroit, MI. The module had an original print run of 300 numbered copies for sale at the convention in 1979 as a set of 40 loose-leaf pages and a zip-lock bag. This version included illustrations by Erol Otus that were not reprinted later. A printed version bearing a green monochrome cover without the "C2" designation was made available for sale at the convention, but was never published for general distribution. The version is quite rare and highly prized by collectors. In 1980, the adventure was officially published as AD&D module C2 as a 32-page booklet with an outer folder. This printing featured a red cover with color cover art by Jim Roslof. Interior artists included Jeff Dee, Greg K. Fleming, David S. LaForce, David C. Sutherland III and Erol Otus. As module "C2", it was the second in the C series of modules, a group of unrelated adventures originally designed for competition play. The Ghost Tower was also printed as #2 of the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons Adventure Gamebooks line. Reception The Ghost Tower of Inverness received good reaction on its first release, with Jim Bambra of White Dwarf rating it 8/10 overall and calling it a "thought provoking adventure" in which the final encounter "will have the players sweating in their seats as they struggle to overcome the final obstacle between them and their goal!" In particular, Bambra praised its emphasis on problem solving skills rather than hack and slash combat, noting that "Encounters in the tower are interesting and increase in intensity the nearer players get to their goal." He did recommend that, although the module was recommended for characters level 5–7, higher levels may be needed if the party does not contain eight to ten characters. Lawrence Schick, in his 1991 book Heroic Worlds, called the Ghost Tower "a topsy-turvy dungeon full of interesting (and deadly) problems". The module's reputation has stood up in the years since its release, and it was ranked the 30th greatest Dungeons & Dragons adventure of all time by Dungeon magazine in 2004, on the 30th anniversary of the Dungeons & Dragons game. Ken Denmead of Wired listed the module as one of the "Top 10 D&D Modules I Found in Storage This Weekend". According to Denmead, "this dungeon has some real consequences, and it’s easy to see why it suggests experienced players. If you didn’t have a passing familiarity with the ways to deal with little things like, say, resurrection, or anti-gravity, you’ll learn the definition of fail real fast. All in all, a rousing little adventure, though it would have been nice to find a few more magical weapons before the end." Legacy The Ghost Tower was also mentioned by full name and location in the 2005 movie Dungeons & Dragons: Wrath of the Dragon God. The hero of the movie, Berek, mentions that another character, Dorian, a cleric, had helped him there. The Ghost of Inverness has also been adapted into a setting mod for the Neverwinter Nights online game and less successfully as a Super Endless Quest book. In 2003 the RPGA Living Greyhawk campaign released the adventure Return to the Ghost Tower of Inverness. Written by Creighton Broadhurst and Steve Pearce, the four-hour adventure advanced the story several years and featured encounters based on what would remain in the tower after the original expedition. Some background elements, such as the motivations of the Seer of Urnst, were expanded upon to fit the Living Greyhawk campaign's plot and regional system. References Hammack, Allen. The Ghost Tower of Inverness (TSR, 1980). External links Ghost Tower of Inverness at The AcaeumThe Ghost Tower of Inverness at the TSR ArchiveCommentary about the impact of this module on Greyhawk Dungeons & Dragons locations Greyhawk modules Role-playing game supplements introduced in 1980	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Ghost%20Tower%20of%20Inverness
Yeah, right may refer to: Yeah Right!, a skateboarding video Yeah Right! Records, an independent record label based in London, Ontario, Canada Yeah Right (Dionne Bromfield song) Yeah Right (Joji song) "Yeah, Right", a song by The Reverend Horton Heat from their 1994 album Liquor in the Front "Yeah Right", a song by Dinosaur Jr., from their 1994 album Without a Sound "Yeah Right", a song by Vince Staples from the album Big Fish Theory	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeah%2C%20right
Tortolì (; or ; ) is a town and comune in Sardinia, in the Province of Nuoro. Geography Tortolì is situated on the eastern coast of Sardinia. Its port and greatest hamlet is Arbatax, which has also an airport that once connected it to continental Italy and the European continent. To the north of it is Girasole and Lotzorai, to the west Villagrande Strisaili and Ilbono, and to the south Barisardo. To the east of the town is the Mediterranean Sea. History Ancient history The area of Tortolì was inhabited since the Neolithic and then frequented by the Phoenicians, Romans, Vandals, and the Byzantines. It was part of the giudicato of Cagliari between the 10th and 13th centuries. During the Spanish period the town was the head of the County of Quirra. Modern history In 1807 Tortolì became head of a province consisting of 27 villages, but in 1921 lost the capital status in favour of Lanusei. In 1859 it was incorporated into the Province of Cagliari. In 1926 it was incorporated into the province of Nuoro. In 1943 the port of Arbatax was bombed, killing 13 people. References External links Cities and towns in Sardinia	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortol%C3%AC

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