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CIME-FM is a French-language Canadian radio station located in Saint-Jérôme, Quebec, about north of Montreal.
Owned and operated by Cogeco, it broadcasts on 103.9 MHz using a directional antenna with an average effective radiated power of 11,700 watts and a peak effective radiated power of 39,300 watts (class C1).
The station has an adult top 40 format under the CIME branding.
The station also operates two rebroadcasters : a low-power one (CIME-FM-1) in Val-Morin, on 102.9 using a directional antenna with an average effective radiated power of 4 watts and a peak effective radiated power of 14 watts (class LP), and a stronger one (CIME-FM-2) in Mont-Tremblant, on 101.3 with an effective radiated power of 800 watts (class B) using an omnidirectional antenna.
CIME-FM opened on March 25, 1977, and originally had a middle of the road format, which gradually evolved over time to a more traditional hot adult contemporary format and currently it is an adult contemporary station.
CIME-FM was originally located in Sainte-Adèle, about 70 kilometres north of Montreal, and had a 50,000 watts omnidirectional signal on 99.5 MHz. The station moved to Saint-Jérôme in mid-1998, at the same time that it moved to 103.9 and inaugurated its 101.3 relay (the smaller 102.9 one was operational since the beginning). These changes in frequencies were a result of a deal to allow the 99.5 to be used in Montreal for the new CJPX-FM. As a result, CIME-FM can only be heard now in parts of Montreal itself, but has a better coverage in their targeted area (the Laurentides region).
The station is especially famous or infamous (depending on the point of view) for its now-discontinued practices of airing subliminal messages intended to induce relaxation at night and using a system of audio tones as a mosquito repellent.
On December 17, 2010, the CRTC approved the sale of most of Corus Entertainment's radio stations in Quebec, including CIME-FM, to Cogeco. The sale closed February 1, 2011, and by August 2011, the station adopted the tri-oval Rythme FM logo on CIME-FM; however the CIME branding and hot adult contemporary stayed because of the adult contemporary format already heard on nearby flagship and sister station CFGL-FM Laval. As a result, programming is different, save for majority of nighttime programming, which largely simulcasts CFGL-FM.
On August 22, 2016, the station left the Rythme network and adopted a new slogan: "La Couleur Musicale des Laurentides".
References
External links
CIME (official website)
Decision CRTC 86-435
Decision CRTC 97-292
Ime
Ime
Ime
Ime
Saint-Jérôme
Radio stations established in 1977
1977 establishments in Quebec | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIME-FM |
Cheryl Burke (born May 3, 1984) is an American dancer, model, and television host. She is best known for being a professional dancer on ABC's Dancing with the Stars. She was the first female professional to win the show and the first professional to win twice and also consecutively. She has participated in 26 seasons. She came in second on the NBC series I Can Do That. She replaced Abby Lee Miller on Dance Moms in 2017.
Early life
Burke was born and raised in San Francisco. Burke attended Menlo-Atherton High School.
Dancing with the Stars
Burke won her first mirror ball trophy with 98 Degrees member Drew Lachey in the second season. She won her second championship with retired football star Emmitt Smith in the third season. Burke returned on March 19, 2007, for Season 4, partnered with actor Ian Ziering. She and Ziering were eliminated in the semifinals on May 15, 2007.
Burke participated in a 38-city Dancing with the Stars tour from December 19, 2006, to February 11, 2007. She also joined the second summer tour, which visited 24 cities between June 20, 2007, in Austin, Texas, and July 24, 2007, in Vancouver, British Columbia. Lachey was her celebrity partner for each tour. Burke competed on season 5 with Las Vegas entertainer Wayne Newton. They were the third couple eliminated from the competition, on October 9, 2007.
Burke participated with both Lachey and Newton in the Dancing with the Stars winter tour that kicked off December 18, 2007, in Seattle, Washington. The tour wrapped in Philadelphia on February 10, 2008. Burke competed on season 6 with actor Cristián de la Fuente. They trained at Palm Beach, Florida's, Paramount Ballroom. They made it to the finals and on May 20, 2008, placed third.
Burke returned to the show for season 7 with partner Maurice Greene. They were eliminated in week 8 on November 11, 2008, and finished in fifth place. She returned to the show's eighth season with actor Gilles Marini. They finished as runners-up, losing to Shawn Johnson and Mark Ballas. Burke competed on the ninth season with former U.S. House of Representatives Majority Leader Tom DeLay. On October 6, 2009, they withdrew from the competition because DeLay had stress fractures in both feet.
For Toy Story 3, Burke choreographed the paso doble with Tony Dovolani and did a performance accompanied by the Gipsy Kings live. She also made a fitness video based on Latin dances with Maksim Chmerkovskiy as co-instructors.
In season ten she was partnered with Chad Ochocinco. They were eliminated in the semi-finals and came in fourth place. Rick Fox was partnered with Burke in the show's eleventh season. They were voted off in the seventh week of the competition and came in sixth place. For the twelfth season, she was partnered with wrestler Chris Jericho. They were voted off in the sixth week of the competition. In the thirteenth season, Burke was partnered with reality star Rob Kardashian. They came in second place, losing to J.R. Martinez & Karina Smirnoff. In the fourteenth season, Cheryl Burke was partnered with actor William Levy. The couple made it to the finals and finished in third place.
In Season 15, Burke returned with former partner and season 3 Champion, Emmitt Smith for a chance to win another mirrorball trophy. They were eliminated in the semi-finals. For season 16, Burke was partnered with comedian D.L. Hughley, finishing in ninth place after being eliminated in the fifth week of competition. During week 8, she danced a Paso Doble with Jacoby Jones and Karina Smirnoff in the trio challenge. For season 17, she was partnered with media personality Jack Osbourne. Osbourne's struggle with multiple sclerosis was a source of inspiration to Burke. They made it to the finals and ended up receiving third place.
For season 18, she was paired with game show host and actor Drew Carey. They were eliminated on week 6 and ended in eighth place. For season 19, she was paired with soap star Antonio Sabàto Jr. The couple was eliminated on week 7 and finished in eighth place. After Season 19, Burke chose to leave DWTS for some time after her contract expired to pursue other projects.
On August 30, 2016, it was announced that Burke would be returning to the show to compete on season 23. She was partnered with Olympic swimmer Ryan Lochte. After a season off, Burke again returned for season 25, her 20th season as a pro. She was paired with former NFL wide receiver Terrell Owens
and finished in sixth place. After taking another season off, she returned once again for season 27 where she was paired with actor Juan Pablo Di Pace. They were shockingly eliminated in the semi-finals despite earning five perfect scores and holding the highest average of the season.
Burke returned again for season 28 where she was partnered with former NFL linebacker Ray Lewis. However, on week 3, the couple withdrew from the competition due to Lewis suffering a torn tendon in his foot. For season 29, she was partnered with Backstreet Boys singer AJ McLean, coming in seventh place.
On September 8, 2021, it was announced that Burke will be partnered with Cody Rigsby (fan favorite Peloton instructor) for the 30th season of DWTS. She was partnered with Good Morning America meteorologist Sam Champion for season 31. On November 20, 2022, it was announced that Burke would leave the show as a pro dancer after season 31 finale.
Performances
Season 2: Celebrity Partner Drew Lachey
Average: 27.7
Placed: 1st
Season 3: Celebrity Partner Emmitt Smith
Average: 26.8
Placed: 1st
Season 4: Celebrity Partner Ian Ziering
Average: 24.8
Placed: 4th
Season 5: Celebrity Partner Wayne Newton
Average: 17.3
Placed: 10th
Season 6: Celebrity Partner Cristián de la Fuente
Average: 25.2
Placed: 3rd
Season 7: Celebrity Partner Maurice Greene
Average: 22.9
Placed: 5th
Score was awarded by stand in judge Michael Flatley.
Season 8: Celebrity Partner Gilles Marini
Average: 28.1
Placed: 2nd
Season 9: Celebrity Partner Tom DeLay
Average: 16.3
Placed: 13th
Score was awarded by stand in judge Baz Luhrmann.
Season 10: Celebrity Partner Chad Ochocinco
Average: 22.2
Placed: 4th
Season 11: Celebrity Partner Rick Fox
Average: 22.3
Placed: 6th
Season 12: Celebrity Partner Chris Jericho
Average: 22.3
Placed: 7th
Season 13: Celebrity Partner Rob Kardashian
Average: 25.1
Placed: 2nd
Season 14: Celebrity Partner William Levy
Average: 27.5
Placed: 3rd
Season 15: Celebrity Partner Emmitt Smith
Average: 26.7
Placed: 4th
Season 16: Celebrity partner D.L. Hughley
Average: 16.6
Place: 9th
Season 17: Celebrity partner Jack Osbourne
Average score: 26.1
Placed: 3rd
Season 18: Celebrity partner Drew Carey
Average: 22.0
Place: 8th
1Score by guest judge Robin Roberts.
2For this week only, as part of the "Partner Switch-Up" week, Drew Carey did not perform with Burke and instead performed with Witney Carson. Burke performed with James Maslow.
3Score by guest judge Julianne Hough.
4Score by guest judge Donny Osmond.
5Score by guest judge Redfoo.
Season 19: Celebrity partner Antonio Sabàto Jr.
Average: 28.6
Placed: 8th
1Score given by guest judge Kevin Hart in place of Goodman.
2The American public scored the dance in place of Goodman with the averaged score being counted alongside the three other judges.
3This week only, for "Partner Switch-Up" week, Sabàto Jr. performed with Allison Holker instead of Burke. Burke performed with Alfonso Ribeiro.
4Score given by guest judge Jessie J in place of Goodman.
5Score given by guest judge Pitbull in place of Goodman.
Season 23: Celebrity partner Ryan Lochte
Average: 28.9
Placed: 7th
1 Score given by guest judge Pitbull.
Season 25: Celebrity partner Terrell Owens
Average: 22.8
Place: 6th
1 Score given by guest judge Shania Twain.
Season 27: Celebrity partner Juan Pablo Di Pace
Average: 27.5
Place: 5th
Season 28: Celebrity partner Ray Lewis
Average: 15.0
Place: 11th
Season 29: Celebrity partner AJ McLean
Average: 22.9
Place: 7th
Season 30: Celebrity partner Cody Rigsby
Average: 32.1
Place: 3rd
Season 31: Celebrity partner Sam Champion
Average: 24.0
Place: 13th
Other television
Burke had a guest role on the Disney Channel series The Suite Life of Zack & Cody, in the episode "Loosely Ballroom" along with fellow Dancing professionals Louis van Amstel, Ashly DelGrosso, and Lacey Schwimmer. She portrayed Shannon, a nurse attending to the ensemble cast during a dance contest at the series setting, The Tipton Hotel. In the final round of the competition, Burke's character volunteers to replace an ill competitor (Carey). She and her partner, Esteban, go on to win the competition.
She finished in second place on the first season of I Can Do That, losing to Nicole Scherzinger on the final three-person-super-group performance, having led the competition since week 2. She replaced Abby Lee Miller on Dance Moms in 2017. She took over the ALDC Elite competition team while on the show. The team was then named "The Irreplaceable’s" via when Abby used to call them all "replaceable".
Burke appeared on Hell's Kitchen as a VIP guest diner in the ninth episode of Season 17.
Awards and honors
2005 World Cup Professional Rising Star Latin Champion
2005 San Francisco Latin Champion
2005 Ohio Star Ball Rising Star Latin Champion
UK Championships
4th in the U.S. in the "Under 21s."
Two-time Dancing with the Stars champion – Season 2 with Drew Lachey, Season 3 with Emmitt Smith
Prime Time Emmy 2006, Outstanding Choreography
On October 20, 2007, Cheryl won the Role Model Award at the 7th Annual Filipino/American Library Gala.
On the 2008 Asian Excellence Awards, she won the Viewer's Choice award for Favorite TV Personality.
Personal life
In 2011, Burke released her autobiography, Dancing Lessons. She describes how at age 5 she was molested by a handyman who worked for her family; he repeatedly fondled her. Her sister was also abused by the same man, later identified as Gerry Depaula. At the time she believed it was wrong behavior but wanted to gain his affection. Burke testified against Depaula at age 6, leading to him being sentenced to 24 years in prison. He was released in 2008. Burke said that she is fearful of Depaula.
Burke has done numerous promotions outside of Dancing with the Stars which include Depend Silhouette briefs, Impress Nails and Sargento Cheese. Her partnership with these companies has raised a lot of money including $50,000 that Depend is donating to Dress for Success. She opened her first dance studio in April 2008 and created her own line of activewear the next year.
In 2017, People and Us Weekly reported Burke was dating actor Matthew Lawrence. The two first met in 2006, when Lawrence's brother, Joey, was cast on DWTS. Burke and Lawrence previously dated from 2007 to 2008. Lawrence proposed to Burke on May 3, 2018, which was her 34th birthday. On May 23, 2019, she married Lawrence in San Diego, California. On February 23, 2022, it was reported that Burke filed for divorce. The divorce was finalized on September 19, 2022.
Burke suffers from tendinitis. She says that Transcendental Meditation and therapy have helped her through a lot, including her recent divorce from Matthew Lawrence.
References
External links
Official web site for Cheryl Burke Dance
Official web site for Cheryl Burke
Dancing with the Stars biography
My Ox Is Broken Interview (2006)
Cheryl Burke interview
1984 births
Living people
American ballroom dancers
People from Atherton, California
Dancing with the Stars (American TV series) winners
American female dancers
Dancers from California
American choreographers
21st-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheryl%20Burke |
The Chaser's War on Everything is an Australian television satirical comedy series broadcast on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) television station ABC1. It has won an Australian Film Institute Award for Best Television Comedy Series. The cast perform sketches mocking social and political issues, and often feature comedic publicity stunts. The series is produced by The Chaser, an Australian satirical group consisting of Chris Taylor, Julian Morrow, Craig Reucassel, Andrew Hansen, and Chas Licciardello. Fellow Chaser members Dominic Knight and Charles Firth are not part of the regular on-screen cast. However, Knight is a writer, and Firth compiled roving reports for the show from the United States, until he left the group to start a satirical newspaper in mid-2007.
The show premiered on 17 February 2006 and has since produced 58 episodes, broadcast over three seasons between 2006 and 2007 as well as during 2009. The first season was broadcast at an unstable late timeslot on Friday nights. The second and third seasons were broadcast in a more favourable timeslot of Wednesdays at . The show did not return in 2008, but returned on 27 May 2009 for the third season featuring only ten episodes. Following the controversy of the "Make a Realistic Wish Foundation" sketch, the third season was reduced to 8 episodes, being suspended for 2 weeks.
The stunts displayed on the show have often been controversial. For example, on 14 July 2006, Licciardello was charged (being later acquitted) after selling fake knives to Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs fans outside one of their rugby league games. Licciardello was again arrested, alongside Morrow and nine crew members, on 6 September 2007 after breaching security at the 2007 APEC summit.
The last episode of the series was aired on 29 July 2009, and rated an average national audience of 1.45 million.
Origins
The Chaser was formed by Dominic Knight, Charles Firth, Craig Reucassel, and Julian Morrow, and in 1999 ran a fortnightly newspaper entitled The Chaser. The group later added Chas Licciardello, Andrew Hansen, and Chris Taylor, to assist with its publication. Through the help of Andrew Denton, the Chaser team produced various shows for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, most notably CNNNN. In 2005, The Chaser began filming a pilot for a new television series for the ABC, with the working title The Age of Terror Variety Hour. The Chaser team signed a contract with the ABC to produce 27 half-hour episodes for 2006, which would be based on news reviews, studio monologues and confrontations with politicians, celebrities, and business leaders. The show was to be presented by Morrow, Hansen, Reucassel, Taylor and Licciardello.
The ABC rejected the name The Age of Terror Variety Hour and other names including Thank Allah It's Friday. ABC did accept The Chaser is Right, although it was later rejected by Morrow, while the title Hey Hey, it's the Chaser was rejected after a pilot under that name was filmed in 2005. They eventually selected The Chaser's War on Everything as the title. The show was to be performed in front of a live audience, in a more relaxed format than CNNNN and other Chaser television productions.
Release and popularity
Broadcast
The first season of The Chaser's War on Everything premiered on ABC1 on 17 February 2006 at . The series aired late on Friday evenings where it developed a cult following, getting an average national audience of between 591,000 and 821,000 viewers each episode. The show broadcast two 'best of' shows in the mid-year. The last episode of the 2006 season was broadcast on 8 September 2006.
Due to its popularity, The Chaser's War on Everything timeslot changed to Wednesday for the 2007 season. In the lead-up to the second season, The Chaser team produced a live webcast of people counting down to the first episode of the season. New segments had been developed and the opening sequence was reworked. After the move to prime time the ratings increased to almost 1.5 million viewers each week. This was despite direct competition with well-rated programs on commercial networks. The Chaser finished their 24th and final episode of the show for the 2007 season on 14 November 2007. They then produced The Chaser Decides for the remaining two episodes of the 26-episode production, based on the 2007 Australian federal election.
After the controversial APEC motorcade stunt, the show's profile was greatly increased and international broadcasts expanded. Countries which broadcast the show include Finland, Israel, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Norway, Belgium, South Korea, and Poland.
After the last episode of The Chaser Decides, The Chaser ruled out doing any television productions in the first half of 2008. This included The Chaser's War on Everything, with the group opting to do a stage production of their antics around Australia, called The Chaser's Age of Terror Variety Hour.
The American cable network G4 acquired the rights to the program in the United States, and premiered it on 28 January 2009 at 9PM ET. The show then was aired every Wednesday night at 11PM ET within the network's international block of programming called Duty Free TV. Ads of the program have capitalised on its controversial nature in Australia, with the tagline "Do you know what it takes to be controversial in Australia?"
Similarly, in the United Kingdom, BBC Four was airing six compilation episodes, taking sketches and highlights from the first two series from 23 June 2009.
A third season of The Chaser's War on Everything began airing on 27 May 2009, returning to its timeslot of Wednesday at 9:00pm on ABC1. The third series consists of only 10 episodes and is the final series of the program.
The final episode was broadcast on ABC1 on 29 July 2009.
The entire catalogue of the Chaser's War on Everything was secured by the Comedy Channel Programming Director Darren Chau in 2009 and premiered on 3 December 2009 as part of the channel's Biggest Thursday Ever.
DVD release
The first 13 episodes of the first season were released on DVD on 17 August 2006. The release included commentary by The Chaser and the show's crew. Bonus features and unaired scenes were also included.
The second DVD for the first season contained the latter thirteen episodes. It was in the same format of the first DVD, containing commentary and unaired scenes, and was released on 1 November 2006. The first thirteen episodes of the second season were released on DVD on 14 August 2007, with similar features to the two prior releases.
The second DVD set for the later half of the second season was released on 7 August 2008. It contains similar features to the previous DVD releases.
The third and last season was released on DVD on 5 November 2009.
Vodcast
On 27 July 2006, the ABC announced that entire episodes of The Chaser's War on Everything, along with jtv, would be made available for download via a vodcasting system. Just 45 days after appearing on the Australian iTunes podcasting directory, the show took the number one position. The last four episodes of the first season averaged approximately 175,000 viewers of the vodcast, and 25,000 downloads, which ABC stated was a success.
The episodes of the second series of The Chaser's War on Everything were the most popular downloaded vodcasts in 2007. Almost nine million vodcasts were downloaded, more than half of the ABC's online vodcasts served in the year.
Season one of The War on Everything is now also available for purchase and download from the iTunes Store in Australia and is one of the first TV shows the Australian Broadcasting Corporation added to iTunes.
Show format
Credits – The opening credits show the five starring members of the show, but through that there are images of notable politicians and celebrities which are targeted in the titles. The titles are always the same except for two changeable titles, which targets persons in recent events. The closing credits simply read all the cast and crew of the show, though commonly a video is played over half the credits, which is explained in the Conclusion. The closing credits are a frequent (if bizarre) source of humour. For example, Andrew Hansen once sang a song during the credits about how the credits are always played over his song. Another time the credits were shown in Ukrainian. On one episode the credits of the show were replaced with the credits of The New Inventors. In another episode from Season 3, Chas Licciardello, who in a sketch had changed his name to Gvhftr Kijl, was credited as such in the closing credits for that episode, and in the opening credits of the following episode.
Introduction – Each episode begins with Reucassel and Taylor opening the show. The pair discuss the major recent events, present their opinions, and often show a pre-produced stunt or sketch.
Andrew Hansen's hair – Each episode starting from the last episode of season 1, member Andrew Hansen changes his hair weekly for the show (e.g. Mohawks, coloured hair and at one instance, a small clock)
Name changes – During season 2, the credits of names as displayed during the program have been replaced in various manners. Normally they were changed to people in recent events or a simple addition to the name. Examples included "Julian bin Morrow" and "Posh Chaser" and even the translation of the boys names in Arabic.
Dialogues – In almost every episode, the Chaser members discuss a various recent event or generalised stunt. Most of these dialogues lead to a pre-produced stunt, ad or trailer. Most of this material doesn't fall into one of the various Segments, where most of their recurring material is shown. In the first season, Monologues were also common.
Old Woman – As a running gag during Season 3, a photo of an old woman with a trolley would appear during sketches. Originally appeared during a stunt during Season 2, during an Ad Road Test for Riva Coffee, the footage subsequently placed occasionally in segments during Season 3. However, after the final episode was broadcast, she came in contact with The Chaser and requested her image be removed from future broadcasts. Images of Dom Knight now appear as such in the DVD of Season 3.
ABC Complainer (Dear ABC) – This segment began in the third season. After one of the sketches, Andrew Hansen, dressed as his persona Philip Harley, writes an angry letter to the ABC with a typewriter. The letter always begins with the phrase "Dear ABC", followed by a complaint about the latest sketch. Harley then presents his (usually biased) opinion, and concludes with "What a waste of taxpayer's money! Philip Harley, Adelaide." Harley appeared four times in episode 5 – the highest to date.
Conclusion – To end each episode the whole team gathers together, with one of the group members saying the closing joke. And Chris would read a Webpoll for their site.
Primary segments
The primary segments form the backbone of the show. These segments normally focus on key issues in a range of topics. They are generally presented by the cast members, live in front of the audience, and may be accompanied with pre-produced stunts and sketches relating to the topics.
"What Have We Learned from Current Affairs This Week?" – Presented by Hansen and Licciardello, the segment pokes fun at the sensationalism used in competing weeknight current affairs programs Today Tonight and A Current Affair. All segments feature a lesson on their reporting techniques, such as how to spot "dodgy" guys and how to identify the different types of "experts". Both shows are regularly criticised for their tendency to come to fast and inaccurate conclusions.
"Firth in the USA" – Firth, now living in the United States, performs a stunt or conducts an interview, with obvious references to USA culture. Stunt examples include meeting Hillary Clinton to offer his services as her presidential intern; a satire of the Lewinsky scandal.
"The Ad Road-Test" – The team recreate situations shown in television advertisements to see if they would work in real life. Examples include whether male cheerleaders can convince a random person to stop smoking.
"In Other News ..." – A former segment, presented by Morrow and Reucassel, which focused on current news stories and events, and sometimes showed a pre-produced stunt related to the news item. This was the only segment to appear in every episode of Season One.
The following segments were introduced in Season Two.
"The Fixers" – Seeming to replace "In Other News ...", Morrow and Reucassel examine problems in the community, and present their idea for a fix. This is usually accompanied by a pre-produced item.
Supporting segments
The supporting segments are usually pre-produced stunts and sketches, supplementing the primary segments of the show. They are generally much shorter in length.
"Surprise Spruiker" – Hansen plays a shop "spruiker" who attempts to help various institutions having trouble selling a particular item or idea. The stunt usually concludes when he is ordered by security guards to switch off his speakers.
"Scenes from the Life of the Crazy Warehouse Guy" – Hansen plays a stereotypical announcer from a warehouse television advertisement uses his unique speaking style in everyday situations, such as ordering McDonald's. Hansen originally performed the character that would become the Crazy Warehouse Guy in parodies of frantic rug warehouse commercials.
"Pursuit Trivia" – Morrow tests the general knowledge of a politician or celebrity by asking a Trivial Pursuit question from a game card in his hand at an interview or press conference. Prominent in the first season though not in the second.
"Mr Ten Questions" – Hansen poses as a journalist at a press conference and, when prompted, proceeds to ask ten questions without letting the interviewee speak until he has read out all ten. Questions can relate to the subject or be about completely obscure topics, such as Peru's industrial output and the makeup of the Czech Legislature.
"A Message From Osama Bin Laden" / Subtitles – An existing video of the infamous terrorist Osama bin Laden is subbed with incorrect and humorous subtitles, often declaring a Jihad on various people for arbitrary irritations. Videos of Saddam Hussein, Abu Bakar Bashir and Kevin Rudd (Chinese speech) have also been used in a similar manner, but not as common.
"Citizens' Infringement Officer" – Morrow pretends to be an officer and hands out fake fines to people for absurd reasons; such as "wanker" number plates, "low-strung pants", parking inspectors being annoying due to giving out fines themselves, inappropriate babies' names, and wearing clothes (including hats and shoes) at nude beaches.
The following segments were introduced in Season Two.
"If Life Were A Musical" – Members of the cast go to the public, targeting a specific person in an everyday life scenario, and behave as though they are in a Broadway-esque musical. The segment is referred to as a "Taylor Hansen Morrow" production, a spoof of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
"Clive The Slightly-Too-Loud Commuter" – Hansen plays Clive, a man who travels on public transport and talks loudly on his mobile phone about very personal or taboo issues.
Occasional segments
These segments support the show, however do not feature prominently.
"What Have We Learnt From History?" – In this segment Hansen, Taylor and Reucassel test whether people today have learnt a lesson from events in the past; for example the Trojan Horse.
"Famous Face Off" – A former segment, presented by Hansen, in which two "masters" in a particular field competed to be the best in an endeavour such as tongue-twisting newsreading or sportscasting.
"The 2:30 Report" – A former segment, presented by Licciardello and Morrow, which reviewed the worst of late-night television, including late night game shows such as Quizmania and early morning Christian programmes.
The following segments were introduced in Season Two.
"The News According To Fox" – Licciardello and Hansen criticise the bias of the popular American Fox News Channel.
"What You Missed on Cable" – Presented by Licciardello and Morrow, this segment highlights the oddities on pay television programs, and occasionally compares them to the bland programming on ABC1. Licciardello and Morrow pointed out that it was intended to replace the 2:30 Report segment from Season One.
"Anna Coren's Segue/Meaningless Gibberish of the Week" – Integrated into "What Have We Learnt from Current Affairs This Week?", this segment looks at either Coren's extremely complicated transitions between unrelated stories, or the strange and meaningless introductions she says on Today Tonight.
"Nut Job of the Week" – Licciardello and Taylor take a look at the "special people in our society"; people who have "alternative views". For example, The Secret's theory on how to acquire your deepest desires by the Law of Attraction was examined.
"Open Mic" – A segment, derived from a stunt from the first half of the second series, where Morrow goes to various businesses and uses their Public Address Systems to make humorous community announcements or random statements.
"Election Watch" – Licciardello and Taylor observe a certain topic in relation to the federal election. This segment was only seen in the weeks leading up to the 2007 federal election and often made reference to subjects not related to the election.
"Middle east TV" – Licciardello and Taylor take a look at Middle Eastern T.V. This Segment only appeared in season 3.
Traditional segments were incredibly rare in episodes of the third season, with no 'What Have We Learnt from Current Affairs This Week?' or 'Ad Road Test' segments, despite them being the most popular. An online blog written by the Chaser said they wanted to try new things and they thought they would just be repeating themselves.
Segments appearing once or twice
"Say What?!" - In Season 1, Andrew Hansen did a short segment of a few photos that had swear words in them from other countries which involved food.
"Rudd.I.Am song" - In Season 3, The Chaser did a music video on speeches from Kevin Rudd, like American celebrities did a song on Barack Obama's speech "Yes We Can".
Recurring material
Stunts – A staple of the show, stunts can vary from confronting celebrities or politicians to testing staff reactions in shops and department stores. The stunts must be approved by the ABC Legal Department, to prevent breach of the law. In the 2007 DVD of the first half of the season, it is stated that the basic formula for the stunts is "go in, get our footage and get kicked out".
Sketches – These include fake ads, longer mockumentaries or traditional comedy sketches.
Songs – Hansen, or sometimes other members, perform songs with a humorous theme. The songs are usually written by Hansen, with Taylor providing lyrics for many songs.
Television Advertisements – Throughout the series the team create satirical television advertisements, which either advertise a false item or mock existing ads.
Movie Trailers – The team creates parody trailers for existing movies or new movie ideas.
Vox Pop – One of the team members conduct vox pops with people on the street asking for their opinions.
Controversies and well-known stunts
The Chaser has been regularly criticised by tabloids such as Today Tonight, A Current Affair and some talkback radio stations for displaying stunts and sketches that they claim are dangerous, unfunny, cruel, offensive and tasteless. Many of the pieces below have had significant news coverage and been the subject of debates and opinion pieces.
Julian Morrow's novelty cheque
On 8 February 2006, before the first episode of the show had screened, Morrow approached Australian Wheat Board executive Charles Stott with a fake novelty cheque made out to Saddam Hussein and asked Stott to sign it. Stott's lawyer said his client felt intimidated by the stunt and the footage of it was not shown in the first episode as scheduled due to "legal reasons". In the first episode to go to air, Morrow responded by raising the point that Stott has done business with Saddam Hussein, a brutal dictator, yet he is intimidated by a novelty cheque. The footage of this stunt does appear as a bonus on the show's first DVD.
Chris Taylor on Sunrise
On the ninth episode of the show, Taylor announced that he planned to break up with his partner of seven years, but he did not want to ask her "the usual boring way", but do "something special, something she'll remember". The segment shows several of Taylor's attempts to "pop the question", including hanging a sign over a freeway and "proposing" on a big screen at an outdoor festival. For the finale, Taylor introduces the interview of him on the morning television program Sunrise. In the interview, Taylor asks the hosts if he can send a quick message to his partner, proceeding to say "Jo, get the fuck out of my life. And if you don't get this fucking message right now, you never will." This finale from the segment was leaked onto the internet without the break-up plan and has been widely distributed online as a viral video. Many viewers believed the segment was actually real but Taylor admitted on national radio station Triple J that it was set up. It was actually filmed after Sunrise went to air, with Channel Seven editing on screen graphics with current news at the time for realism. The hosts of Sunrise admitted it was a set up and apologised. However, they did not know what Taylor was going to say because he only asked if he could do a bit for the show and as a result, their interaction with Taylor was unscripted, as well as their reaction to his profane message.
Chas Licciardello's Bulldogs incident
On 14 July 2006, Licciardello was charged with offensive conduct after attempting to sell fake Canterbury Bulldogs merchandise outside an NRL game. The merchandise included plastic knuckledusters and balaclavas in the Bulldogs' colours, and was supposed to satirise the anti-social and hooligan behaviour of some Bulldogs fans. Several Bulldogs fans took offence and as a result he was charged for offensive behaviour. On the broadcast following his arrest, Licciardello appeared onstage in handcuffs and within an iron cage. On that same episode, he apologised for his actions, claiming to understand why the Bulldogs fans were offended: because Canterbury Bulldogs fans much prefer to use their fists. This statement was accompanied by footage of Bulldogs supporters assaulting an opposing team's supporters during a match. After appearing in court with Morrow, Licciardello pleaded not guilty and the matter was adjourned. On 23 January 2007, Licciardello was found not guilty of the offensive behaviour charge. He was interviewed after the case draped in an Australian flag, and said he would appeal "to the Supreme Court, to the High Court, to the UN, to the Jedi Council and the Snickometer." After being reminded he had won, he said "I didn't actually prepare any material for the off-chance that we won."
Craig Reucassel's axe stunt
On 2 August 2006, Reucassel responded to a news story about a private school student who had hugged then-prime minister John Howard while holding a screwdriver during one of the PM's morning walks. To test his security arrangements, Reucassel approached the prime minister during a morning walk and asked for a hug while holding a large plastic battle axe. Howard obliged, but a later approach while holding a running chainsaw was not so successful. Cut out from this segment was an unsuccessful attempt that took place between the axe and the chainsaw, in which Reucassel was holding a four-point-star mace.
Julian Morrow's ticket prank
On 16 August 2006, Morrow purchased two airline tickets on the airline Virgin Blue under the names "Al Kyder" and "Terry Wrist", checked in using the automated check-in at Sydney Airport, and then deliberately failed to show up for boarding, so that the names would be broadcast in a final boarding call over the public address system. The prank was acknowledged by Virgin Blue who criticised the use of taxpayer dollars in the "childish humour".
Craig Reucassel's speedos
On 19 March 2007, during a campaign appearance for the New South Wales State Election, the then opposition leader Peter Debnam was confronted by Reucassel wearing nothing but Speedos and a baseball cap, making fun of Debnam's campaign appearances in the swimwear. When TV cameras remained focused on Reucassel rather than Mr Debnam, he said, "Sorry, I'm not Peter Debnam, he's over there. Just because I'm wearing this doesn't mean I'm Peter Debnam". Reucassel stuck around for the press conference but failed to draw a response from the opposition leader, and was again ignored when he went to shake Mr Debnam's hand.
APEC prank and arrest
During the APEC Leaders Summit in Sydney, on 6 September 2007, Morrow and Licciardello along with nine other production crew members were arrested after they drove a fake Canadian motorcade down Macquarie Street and successfully breached the APEC restricted zone. Police only realised that the motorcade was a hoax when Licciardello, dressed as Osama bin Laden, stepped out of the car replete with bonnet-mounted Canadian flag and complained in-character about not being invited.
Licciardello, Morrow and the nine others were immediately detained by the NSW Police, questioned and charged with entering a restricted area without special justification under the APEC Meeting (Police Powers) Act 2007. All were released on bail to appear in court on 4 October 2007; and subsequently ABC lawyers requested for all matters to be adjourned until 5 December 2007. If they were found guilty they could have faced a maximum penalty of six months' imprisonment, or up to two years if they were in possession of a "prohibited item". NSW Police Commissioner Andrew Scipione stated that the Chaser stars risked being targeted by snipers during the prank.
The stunt was planned and approved by ABC lawyers under the assumption that the motorcade would be stopped and discovered at the first security checkpoint. However, they managed to pass through two police security checkpoints, using a fake convoy of hired limousines. According to Licciardello, he "never intended to get that far" but played along with it to make their stunt better. The footage of the prank, which was seized by the police, was returned to the ABC and featured in their next episode the following week.
Despite condemnations by various public officials, the Sydney correspondent of the BBC reported that the Chaser team had become 'folk heroes' following the stunt. Indeed, Alexander Downer, the minister for foreign affairs, appeared amused when asked to comment.
Later on 7 September 2007, three members of the Chaser and their film crew were questioned and released over a follow-up stunt involving running near the protected APEC zone dressed in cardboard cars topped with Canadian flags. The following Chaser episode ended up giving The Chaser's War on Everything their highest ever ratings for an episode with 2.245 million viewers tuning in across Australia.
On 28 April 2008, the charges against all 11 were dropped by the New South Wales Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) as it was considered that the police gave "tacit" permission for the group to enter the restricted zone by failing to identify the fake security badges. The ABC welcomed the dropping of the charges, with Morrow saying "I think it's just great that justice hasn't been done". The police were unapologetic for their actions.
"The Eulogy Song"
On 17 October 2007 episode, Hansen sang a song which satirised the lives of several deceased celebrities, including Peter Brock, Princess Diana, Donald Bradman, Steve Irwin, Stan Zemanek, Jeff Buckley, John Lennon, and Kerry Packer, expressing the view that people with flaws during life are often disproportionately hailed as "top blokes" after death. He also sang that mass murderer Martin Bryant would look a saint after death. The song, whose lyrics were written by Chris Taylor, became the target of significant media attention, with several radio and television personalities saying the song was in "bad taste", and both then prime minister John Howard and then opposition leader Kevin Rudd expressed negative views. A few days later, the team approached John Howard on his morning walk, dressed as rabbits, and sparked a reaction from the prime minister, with him saying: "You blokes are a lot funnier when you pick on someone who's alive".
A number of news programs reported that the ABC's switchboard was jammed with calls from "disgusted viewers" immediately following the show. It was later revealed that only six calls had been made that night about the show, three of them in a positive light. Although a number of complaints were received the next day, the ABC alleged that a large number were listeners of a Melbourne radio show, and that, when asked, many said they hadn't seen the show. In response, some shows such as Today Tonight claimed many more complaints would follow.
In response to the attention, Taylor defended his song, stating that it was a legitimate skit and that although the song mentioned recently deceased breast cancer victim Belinda Emmett, the rest of the cast pretending to cut off Hansen before he completed his verse was "making a joke about the inappropriateness of making a joke about Belinda Emmett." He also revealed it was a "watered-down" version of the song, which was previously performed twice on stage in his musical Dead Caesar.
Seven Network Injunction
On 14 November 2007, The Chaser made an attempt to poke fun at Today Tonight and the way that they re-enact procedures and events which they base their stories on. As they had done several times before, they infiltrated the Seven Network's news headquarters at Martin Place and asked for the Today Tonight presenter Anna Coren, where they came dressed as pretend cameos for the re-enactment segments. However, within the headquarters, they were confronted by the staff of the building for alleged trespassing. Both Today Tonight and their rival A Current Affair broadcast reports of the stunt, the Today Tonight broadcast claiming that they had finally caught the Chaser red-handed. However, A Current Affair did a relatively lighter report on the incident, seeming to take side with the Chaser. Channel Seven got an injunction to stop The Chaser showing the segment; however, The Chaser planned on challenging the injunction. In place of their planned stunt, they shot a "hasty and dubious" reenactment of it. Channel 7 boss David Leckie exclaimed in an outburst at waiting photographers outside Channel 7's offices that The Chaser were "... nothing but a bunch of tossers, they're fucking wankers". Morrow responded, "I interpret those comments as David making overtures to us. Calling us wankers and tossers must mean he wants [to hire] us."
'Make a Realistic Wish Foundation' skit
On 3 June 2009 episode, Taylor and Hansen were involved in a skit which was set in a terminally ill children's ward of a hospital, which centred around a spokesman (Taylor) portraying himself along with a doctor (Hansen), from the fictional 'Make a Realistic Wish Foundation' (a spoof of the Make-a-Wish Foundation). The premise of the skit was that if the terminally ill children are only going to live for a few more months before passing away, it is not worth spending money on lavish gifts for them. The one-minute-long sketch featured Taylor giving one girl a pencil case instead of a trip to Disneyland. Then along the same lines, Hansen gave another girl a stick instead of a meeting with Zac Efron. The skit concluded with Taylor stating "Why go to any trouble, when they're only gonna die anyway".
The publicised reaction to the sketch the next day from the general public and media commentators was almost universally negative. Among widespread reported disapproval from the public, especially from the families that the Make-a-Wish Foundation has helped, prime minister Kevin Rudd stated that The Chaser team "should hang their heads in shame". He went on to say that "I didn't see that but it's been described to me ... But having a go at kids with a terminal illness is really beyond the pale, absolutely beyond the pale." That morning, the Chaser team along with the ABC managing director Mark Scott apologised for airing the skit, with Scott stating that "We have unreservedly apologised for airing that skit, ... It's very clear today from the reaction that it's caused considerable offence and distress, particularly to parents of children that are seriously ill ... I've spoken to Julian Morrow from The Chaser and my understanding is that certainly wasn't the intention of the script, but that's the consequences of it." The ABC will now change their procedures for reviewing episode content which gets broadcast. Scott continued, "We're going to look at those processes ... I mean we all know that The Chaser push the edges and it's a tightrope that we walk, and I suppose there are many, many skits that they've put to air that have offended someone along the way – that's part of the nature of the satirical and black comedy that they do," The full episode was initially available for downloading or online viewing from the official website but was taken down while the skit was edited out of the episode, the edited version was then made available for download. The skit has also been cut from any further television airings and DVD releases. The ABC suspended The Chaser's War on Everything for two weeks. This was relayed via a message by The Chaser on their website, who stated that whilst they disagree with the decision to suspend the show, they apologise for making the skit, acknowledging that it went too far. When the show returned two weeks later, the controversy was referenced by the show being introduced as "The Chaser's Waste of Taxpayers' money", a reference to the fact that the show is on the government-funded ABC channel.
Reception and impact
Current affairs programs
Current affairs programs, notably Channel 7's Today Tonight and Channel 9's A Current Affair, have run pieces critical of The Chaser team. A Current Affair ran segments covering rumours of the program moving to a commercial network, and the use of Osama bin Laden for humour, highlighting dangerous stunts and overstepping the mark.
Today Tonight ran segments demonstrating contrivances in Chaser's stunts and criticising their breakthrough of APEC's security. However, when Today Tonight asked if they could follow The Chaser team on one of their stunts, The Chaser agreed. The Chaser chose a stunt that would embarrass the Channel 7 television program. They did so by having a "Meakin Booze Bus"; in reference to Channel 7 boss Peter Meakin, who had recently been convicted of driving whilst under the influence of alcohol. In the shoot, The Chaser members repeatedly raised the topic of Peter Meakin to reporter James Thomas. It was revealed later that The Chaser did eventually answer enough of Thomas' questions so that Today Tonight received what they wanted, but Today Tonight did not end up running that footage. Channel 7 broadcast scenes that they judged made the Chaser crew look arrogant, although it was stated in The Chaser's season 2 DVD commentary that James Thomas later called The Chaser team and apologised for the way Today Tonight depicted them in the report.
Channel 7 began airing repeats of The Chaser in September 2011.
Awards
In December 2006 The Chaser's War on Everything won an Australian Film Institute (AFI) Award for 'Best Television Comedy Series' and Hansen won an AFI Award for 'Best Performance in a Television Comedy.' Hansen also won the APRA / AGSC award for 'Best Television Theme' for his original theme on The Chaser's War on Everything.
In May 2007, the program was nominated for the TV Week Logie award "Most Outstanding Comedy Program" for the 2006 series. The show was nominated for the 2007 AFI award in the category of 'Best Television Comedy Series' for the 2007 series. In late February 2008, the show was nominated for the Rose D'Or international television award for Comedy.
In June 2008, The Chaser received the Atheist Foundation of Australia's Tom Paine Award for "Exemplary service to humanity", and "... outstanding promotion of ideals conducive to human contentment and survivability".
In 2010, the program was nominated for the TV Week Logie award "Most Outstanding Light Entertainment Program" for the 2009 series.
See also
The Chaser
Mark Thomas
Robert Newman
The Yes Men
References
External links
The Chaser's official American website G4TV
APRA Award winners
2000s Australian comedy television series
Television controversies in Australia
Australian satirical television shows
The Chaser
Australian Broadcasting Corporation original programming
2006 Australian television series debuts
2009 Australian television series endings
Television shows set in New South Wales
Culture jamming | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Chaser%27s%20War%20on%20Everything |
Alfred Teltschik (April 21, 1919 – May 19, 2009) was an American duo pianist and teacher. He was born in Floresville, Texas to Frank and Lenora Teltschik.
Alfred attended the Juilliard School of music, where he studied principally with Olga Samaroff. After his debut at Carnegie Hall, he began a duo-piano concert tour with his brother Herbert Teltschik (April 2, 1918 – January 19, 2013), performing more than 1,000 concerts throughout the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The Teltschik Brothers were renowned for their technique, synergy, and musicianship.
After touring for more than 25 years, he settled in Houston, Texas and began the Teltschik Music Studios with his two brothers, Herbert and Frank. In addition to teaching piano, Alfred also composed hundreds of works for solo and duo-piano. He continued to teach piano until only a few years before his death.
External links
Teltschik Recording Collection: 1952–1993
References
1919 births
2009 deaths
American classical pianists
Male classical pianists
American male pianists
Classical piano duos
Texas classical music
Juilliard School alumni
20th-century classical pianists
20th-century American pianists
20th-century American male musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Teltschik |
is a volcanic Japanese island in the Philippine Sea. The island is administered by Tōkyō and located approximately south of Tōkyō and south of Shimoda Shizuoka Prefecture. It is one of the Izu Seven Islands group of the seven northern islands of the Izu archipelago. The island is the smaller inhabited component of the village of Niijima, which also contains the larger, neighboring island of Niijima and the smaller, uninhabited Jinai-tō. It is part of the Ōshima Subprefecture of Tokyo Metropolis. , the island's population was 600. Shikinejima is also within the boundaries of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park.
Geology
Shikine-jima has an irregular and highly indented coastline with many small bays. The interior of the island is of low elevation, rising to 99 m above sea level at and to , near , the highest elevation on the island. Shikinejima is approximately 3 km long by 2.5 km wide. Signs of geothermal activity can be found along the southern coast where hot springs occur. The legend that Niijima and Shikinejima were formerly one island, and were separated by a giant tsunami during the 1703 Genroku earthquake has no basis in geology.
Important Bird Area
The island, along with Nii-jima and some uninhabited islets nearby, have been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because they support populations of Japanese murrelets, Japanese wood pigeons, Pleske's grasshopper warblers, Ijima's leaf-warblers and Izu thrushes.
History
The history of human settlement on Shikine-jima dates to prehistoric times, and archaeologists have found number remains from the Jōmon period on the island. With plentiful water and seafood from the warm Kuroshio Current, there is a continuous record of habitation on the island from the Heian period through the Edo period. Convict boats on their way to or from Hachijō-jima frequently spotted at Shikine-jima waiting for favorable winds.
In the Meiji period, the island was base for commercial fishing and salt production. In the modern period, tourism based on sports fishing, hot spring resorts, and water sports dominates the economy.
Access to Shikine-jima is by ferry from Takeshiba Sanbashi Pier in Tokyo, operated by Tokai Kisen. Ferries also leave from Shimoda Shizuoka Prefecture. A village operated ferry also makes several daily crossings between Niijima and Shikinejima. The crossing is approximately 10 minutes.
Education
The island has one elementary school, Shikinejima Elementary School and one junior high school, Shikinejima Junior High School. High school students either travel by ferry, daily, to Niijima to attend Niijima High School or attend a boarding school elsewhere.
See also
List of islands of Japan
Izu Islands
References
External links
Shikinejima homepage, in Japanese
Secret Japan's description of Shikinejima
ShikineJima experience
Tokai Kisen Ferry, in Japanese
Trip to ShikineJima
Recreation in Shikinejima
Izu Islands
Islands of Tokyo
Important Bird Areas of the Nanpo Islands
Seabird colonies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shikine-jima |
Dustin Nguyen (born 1976) is a comic book artist. He has worked for DC Comics and WildStorm since 2000. He is currently the artist on his and Jeff Lemire's creator-owned Image Comics series, Descender, for which he won the 2016 Eisner Award for Best Painter/Multimedia Artist.
Career
Nguyen has worked on such titles as Jet with Dan Abnett, Wildcats v3.0 with Joe Casey, Batman with Judd Winick, Manifest Eternity with Scott Lobdell, and the latest revamp of The Authority, The Authority: Revolution, with Ed Brubaker. He was also the artist on a six-issue arc of Superman/Batman entitled "Torment", written by Alan Burnett.
Starting with issue #840, Nguyen became the regular ongoing artist on one of DC's flagship titles, Detective Comics, with writer Paul Dini. Their run lasted until issue #852, after which the pair launched Batman: Streets of Gotham, which lasted 21 issues and was cancelled in March 2011. In 2012, Nguyen collaborated with writer Scott Snyder on the miniseries American Vampire: Lord of Nightmares, which made the New York Times Best Seller list in 2013. He subsequently launched Batman: Li'l Gotham with co-writer Derek Fridolfs, an all ages series that was positively reviewed by Brian Truitt of USA Today. In rendering that series, Nguyen drew inspiration from the cartoons of the 1980s and '90s that he viewed in his childhood, explaining that in watching them, "you get this goofy view of the world."
In 2015, Jeff Lemire launched his creator-owned Image Comics series, Descender, with Nguyen as artist, for which Nguyen won the 2016 and 2019 Eisner Award for Best Painter/Multimedia Artist.
Bibliography
Interior work
Gen-Active #1-2, 6 (with Dan Abnett and Andy Lanning, Wildstorm, 2000)
Wildstorm Thunderbook #1: "Family Matters" (with Dan Abnett and Andy Lanning, Wildstorm, 2000)
Jet #1-4 (with Dan Abnett and Andy Lanning, Wildstorm, 2000–2001)
Stray (with Scott Lobdell and Jimmy Palmiotti, graphic novel, Wildstorm, 2001)
The Authority #23-26: "Transfer of Power" (with Tom Peyer, Wildstorm, 2001)
Wildcats v3.0 #1-16 (with Joe Casey, Wildstorm, 2002–2004)
Batman (DC Comics):
"As the Crow Flies" (with Judd Winick, in #626-630, 2004)
"Catspaw" (with Paul Dini, in #685, 2009)
"Off Rogue Racing, A Lil' Gotham Tale!" (script and art, with Derek Fridolfs, in Annual #27, 2009)
The Authority: Revolution #1-12 (with Ed Brubaker, Wildstorm, 2004–2005)
Vigilante #3: "Out of the Night" (with Bruce Jones, DC Comics, 2005)
Manifest Eternity #1-6 (with Scott Lobdell, Wildstorm, 2006–2007)
Superman/Batman #37-42: "Torment" (with Alan Burnett, DC Comics, 2007–2008)
Detective Comics (DC Comics):
"Private Casebook" (with Paul Dini, in #840-845, 2008)
"Heart of Hush" (with Paul Dini, in #846-850, 2008–2009)
"Reconstruction" (with Paul Dini, in #852, 2009)
"Question & Answer, A Lil' Gotham Tale!" (script and art, with Derek Fridolfs, in Annual #11, 2009)
"The Medallion" (with Dennis O'Neil, in #866, 2010)
Gotham Gazette #1-2: "The Veil" (with Fabian Nicieza, DC Comics, 2009)
Batman: Streets of Gotham #1-14, 16-21 (with Paul Dini, DC Comics, 2009–2011)
Batman and Robin #12: "Mexican Train" (with Grant Morrison and Andy Clarke, DC Comics, 2010)
Batgirl #15-16, 18, 21 (with Bryan Q. Miller, DC Comics, 2011)
Batman: Arkham City Special: "Hugo Strange" (with Paul Dini, among other artists, DC Comics, 2011)
Batman: Gates of Gotham #4: "The Gotham City Massacre" (with Scott Snyder, Kyle Higgins, Graham Nolan and Derec Donovan, DC Comics, 2011)
Batman Beyond Unlimited #1-10: "Justice League Unlimited" (script and art, with Derek Fridolfs, DC Comics, 2012–2013)
Batwing #7-8 (with Judd Winick, DC Comics, 2012)
American Vampire: Lord of Nightmares #1-5 (with Scott Snyder, Vertigo, 2012)
Descender #1-32 (with Jeff Lemire, Image Comics, 2015-2018)
Cover work
Gen-Active #4 (Wildstorm, 2001)
ThunderCats: Dogs of War #2 (Wildstorm, 2003)
Street Fighter #6 (Image, 2004)
Wildcats v3.0 #17-24 (Wildstorm, 2004)
Robin #129-131 (DC Comics, 2004)
Batgirl v1 #63 (DC Comics, 2005)
Welcome to Tranquility #3 (Wildstorm, 2007)
Supernatural: Origins #4 (Wildstorm, 2007)
Friday the 13th: Pamela's Tale #1-2 (Wildstorm, 2007)
Necessary Evil #1 (Desperado, 2007)
Friday the 13th: How I Spent My Summer Vacation #1 (Wildstorm, 2007)
Countdown Presents: The Search for Ray Palmer — Gotham by Gaslight #1 (DC Comics, 2008)
Supernatural: Rising Son #1, 3-6 (Wildstorm, 2008)
DC/Wildstorm: DreamWar #4 (Wildstorm, 2008)
Batman: Streets of Gotham #15 (DC Comics, 2009)
Superman/Batman #65 (DC Comics, 2009)
Superman: World of New Krypton #10 (DC Comics, 2009)
Batman Beyond v3 #1-6 (DC Comics, 2010-2011)
Telara Chronicles #0 (Wildstorm, 2010)
Batman Beyond v4 #1-8 (DC Comics, 2011)
Batgirl v3 #17, 19, 22-24 (DC Comics, 2011)
Justice League: Generation Lost #14-16, 19-24 (DC Comics, 2011)
Batman 80-Page Giant #1 (DC Comics, 2011)
Gen¹³ #39 (Wildstorm, 2011)
Superboy #3 (DC Comics, 2011)
Superman 80-Page Giant #1 (DC Comics, 2011)
Batman: Gates of Gotham #1-3, 5 (DC Comics, 2011)
Superman Beyond #0 (DC Comics, 2011)
Supernatural: The Dogs of Edinburgh #1-6 (DC Comics, 2011–2012)
T.H.U.N.D.E.R. Agents v4 #3 (DC Comics, 2012)
Batman v2 #7 (DC Comics, 2012)
Notes
References
External links
Dustin Nguyen's DeviantART
Dustin Nguyen's tumblr
Dustin Nguyen at Lambiek
Interviews
Jazma Online: Interview with Dustin Nguyen
'Batman' Artist Dustin Nguyen Interview
An Audio Interview with Dustin Nguyen by The Batman Universe
New York Comic-Con Interview: Dustin Nguyen (Video), We Got Issues!, March 27, 2011
1976 births
Living people
American comics artists
American artists of Vietnamese descent
American people of Vietnamese descent
Eisner Award winners for Best Painter/Multimedia Artist (Interior) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dustin%20Nguyen%20%28comics%29 |
Mitchell High School may refer to:
In Australia:
Mitchell High School (New South Wales), Blacktown, New South Wales
In the United Kingdom:
Mitchell High School (Stoke-on-Trent), Bucknall, Stoke-on-Trent
In the United States:
General William Mitchell High School, Colorado Springs, Colorado
J. W. Mitchell High School, New Port Richey, Florida
Mitchell High School (Indiana), Mitchell, Indiana
Mitchell High School (Nebraska), Mitchell, Nebraska
Mitchell High School (North Carolina), Bakersfield, North Carolina
Mitchell School, Mitchell, Oregon
Mitchell High School (South Dakota), Mitchell, South Dakota
Mitchell High School (Tennessee), Memphis, Tennessee | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell%20High%20School |
Chronicles of an Age of Darkness is a ten-volume series of cross-genre fantasy and science fiction novels created by New Zealand cult author Hugh Cook. The series broadly tells of the events leading to the end of a fantasy world's dark age.
The Chronicles are not high fantasy, but could be described as Sword and sorcery or Planetary romance. The novels include elements of science fiction, comedy, graphic violence, grotesque and macabre happenings, and political cynicism. They are sometimes described as "gritty" because of their realism.
Books
The Wizards and the Warriors (published in the USA as Wizard War) – 1986 ()
The Wordsmiths and the Warguild (published in the USA as The Questing Hero and The Hero's Return) – 1987 ()
The Women and the Warlords (published in the USA as The Oracle) – 1987 ()
The Walrus and the Warwolf (published in the USA as Lords of the Sword) – 1988 () ()
The Wicked and the Witless - 1989 ()
The Wishstone and the Wonderworkers - 1990 ()
The Wazir and the Witch - 1990 ()
The Werewolf and the Wormlord - 1991 ()
The Worshippers and the Way - 1992 ()
The Witchlord and the Weaponmaster - 1992 ()
The Wizards and the Warriors
The Wizards and the Warriors is the closest of the series to a traditional epic fantasy. This novel set the scene and plot that would dominate the first five books, introducing some of the characters that would feature in the following novels. It is told chiefly from the view of the Rovac warriors Elkor Alish and Morgan Hearst, and the wizards Phyphor, Miphon, and Garash.
The Wordsmiths and the Warguild
Cook originally intended for The Women and the Warlords to be the second in the series:
The Women and the Warlords
The Women and the Warlords tells the story of Yen Olass, a female oracle from the Collosnon Empire. Being a female in a male dominated society (the Collosnon Empire and its people, the Yarglat, being loosely based on the Mongols) she suffers some very unpleasant experiences. Cook later described it as "a big commercial mistake [that] probably killed the series".
The Walrus and the Warwolf
The Walrus and the Warwolf describes the picaresque adventures of Drake Douay, an apprentice swordsmith turned pirate. Drake's story is driven by two narrative strands, both of which are established in the opening chapters. Firstly, Drake meets and falls in love with Zanya Kliedervaust, who rejects him; secondly, the swordsmith for whom Drake works becomes insane and founds a new religion in which Drake is denoted as a figure of evil. The novel relates Drake's exile from homeland (which has fallen into the hands of adherents of his ex-master's religion), and his long quest to win Zanya.
The latter half of the novel is intertwined with the central events of the other novels in the first five volumes of the series: the war of Elkor Alish, the invasion of Argan by the Collosnon Empire, and the fall of the Confederation of Wizards.
The Walrus and the Warwolf was republished in 2010 by Paizo's Planet Stories line.
The Wicked and the Witless
This is the last book in the series to be set entirely on the continent of Argan and deal with the events around which the early novels revolve. It is the story of Sean Sarazin, aka Watashi, who is the oldest son of the ruler of Argan's most powerful state, the Harvest Plains. Although very ambitious, Watashi is barred by law from seeking power for himself. The novel relates his attempts to make himself a ruler, both in the Harvest Plains and elsewhere.
The Wishstone and the Wonderworkers
This volume is purportedly a manuscript written by a madman which has been extensively censored and annotated by hostile editors. It represents a break with the narrative of the previous five novels, being set at an earlier time and in a largely unconnected location. Although some of the characters from the Argan novels appear, The Wishstone and the Wonderworkers does not deal with the events of the Argan chronology (the war launched by Elkor Alish and the fall of the Confederation of Wizards). Instead it is concerned with events on the tropical island of Untunchilamon which is subject to the continent of Yestron.
This novel is the first to introduce the Nexus, the interstellar civilization which forms the distant backstory of the Chronicles. It provides an explanation of the history of the planet, and of how it came to be separated from the Nexus and plunged into the "Age of Darkness".
The Wazir and the Witch
This seventh novel continues the story begun in book six. It is narrated by the same madman, this time writing at a later date at which he has, for the most part, recovered his sanity. It concerns the ruler of Untunchilamon, the Empress Justina. Justina's enemy, Aldarch the Third, has triumphed in the political struggle on Yestron and Justina's rule is at an end. The novel relates her attempts to stay alive and in power long enough to flee the island with her supporters.
The Werewolf and the Wormlord
The events of The Werewolf and the Wormlord take place shortly after those of the two Untunchilamon novels. The novel is set in the Empress Justina's homeland, Wen Endex, in the north of Yestron and nominally subject to Aldarch the Third. Justina herself is a peripheral character for much of the novel. Wen Endex is ruled by the Yudonic Knights who are reminiscent of the heroic characters of Scandinavian myth.
The novel relates a power struggle to succeed the Wormlord, ruler of Wen Endex, between his daughter Ursula and his grandson Alfric, the protagonist. Alfric is a Yudonic Knight who has largely abandoned his heritage to work for the supranational organization of the Partnership Banks. He is drawn, reluctantly at first, into the contest to succeed his grandfather. Volume eight is notable for its treatment of traditional monsters such as werewolves, vampires, and giants.
The Worshippers and the Way
Volume nine is set on the continent of Parengarenga. For the most part, it does not deal with the events that take place on either Argan or Yestron. In this novel Cook returns to the backstory of the series first introduced in book six, the interstellar civilization of the Nexus. On Parengarenga, a Nexus combat school has survived the twenty thousand years since the link between the Nexus and the world of the Chronicles was broken.
The AI which administers the combat school continues to train students from the city in which it is located. Thus many inhabitants of the Dark Age city are trained to be members of the advanced technological civilization of the Nexus. However, none of the space-going vessels and superweapons of the Nexus are still in existence and the cadets are trained by means of virtual reality programs. Their technological skill and advanced scientific knowledge are of no use to them in the world they inhabit. The novel deals with one trainee, Asodo Hatch, and the conflict between his loyalty to his family and people in the real world, and his involvement in what he knows to be the futile concerns of the combat school.
The Witchlord and the Weaponmaster
Book ten tells the story of Guest Gulkan, a recurring character who appears in many of the first nine novels. Guest's story encompasses the entire chronology of the Chronicles, beginning before the earliest previously related events, and ending with the close of the "Age of Darkness". Guest is a typically complex Cook character, a questing hero who begins as a thoughtless, overconfident boy of 14 and, by the time he finally fulfills his ambitions, finishes as a more self-reflective, semi-traumatized conqueror. Guest's quest for power unites many of the most significant plot elements of the series and his eventual success is of a different order from that of the previous protagonists, giving him enough control over his world to change it entirely and bring the series to a conclusion.
Other plans
The series concluded with The Witchlord and the Weaponmaster due to poor sales. However, Cook had plans to extend it to twenty novels. This would have been followed by two equally long series, Chronicles of an Age of Wrath, and Chronicles of an Age of Heroes.
Style
The Chronicles do not tell the adventures of a main protagonist on a particular quest in sequential order. Instead, each book is written from the viewpoint of a different character, whose personality and objectives differ markedly from the protagonists of other books in the series. The novels are set over the course of about thirty years.
Only occasionally do the plots of the novels interact directly, and when characters cross paths, they perceive events in markedly different fashions. These juxtapositions have been compared to Akira Kurosawa's film Rashomon. The following passages illustrate this; the first shows the view of the prisoner Drake Douay, the second that of his jailer, Watashi.
Setting
Cosmology
The underlying cosmology of the series is outlined in The Wizards and the Warriors (pgs 110 - 111). The universe of Amarl was created by a god known as The Horn. It was a world of rock, in which stones and mountains were alive. However, The Horn was killed by another god, Ameeshoth, who proceeded to remake the universe as Lemarl, imprisoning the rocks (still sentient) in their current existence. This is further expanded on in The Witchlord and the Weaponmaster, when it is explained that Ameeshoth was later attacked and destroyed by a group of Revisionary Gods. (pg 100)
History
The series originally seems to be set in a generic fantasy world, or perhaps post-apocalyptic Earth, but is later revealed to be one part of a multiverse. It is set on a planet once called Olo Malan (or, derisively Skrin), which was once part of an advanced civilisation called The Golden Gulag, which was itself part of a vast, interdimensional political entity called the Nexus. The technology of the Nexus was based upon probability manipulation.
However, 20,000 years prior to the events of the books, the Chasm Gates that linked the planet to the Nexus were accidentally destroyed. A devastating series of wars resulted (still known as The Days of Wrath), which caused untold environmental damage to the world, and reduced the population to feudal levels of technology (although some advanced machines still exist). The science of probability manipulation also devolved to the art of magic.
There was once a period of brief recovery, known as the Technic Renaissance, but this too collapsed following a war known as the Genetic Mutiny.
Geography
The novels take place across a number of continents, each with its own distinct history and ethnic groupings of humans.
Argan. 4,000 years before the novels are set, the Wizards formed an alliance with a race of warriors and set out to enslave a mysterious entity called The Skull of the Deep South, a being that served as the hive mind for an array of dangerous monsters known as the Swarms. However, this failed, and the Swarms proceeded to invade Argan. The Wizards defeated the Swarms and built a flame trench stretching across the narrowest point of the continent (Drangsturm) to keep them out. They then proceeded to form an oppressive Empire, which ruled Argan until they were overthrown and the Empire of Wizards reformed as the Confederation of Wizards (a commercial rather than political entity). Argan during this "Age of Darkness" consists of a patch-work of independent and competing kingdoms, with the trading language of Galish serving as the lingua franca. Argan can be seen as analogous to Western Europe.
Tameran. Lying north of Argan (separated by a channel), Tameran is largely united under the Collosnon Empire. Once ruled by a sophisticated civilisation called the Sharla, they were conquered by nomadic warriors called Yarglat. Tameran is somewhat similar to Central Asia.
Yestron. Far to the east of Argan and Tameran, across the Great Ocean of Moana, the continent of Yestron is dominated by the Izdimir Empire. The heart of this empire is the land of Ang, a highly civilised culture that nevertheless practices slavery, human sacrifice, and tyrannical absolute rule. Ang itself appears to be modelled upon Japan, although the northern subservient kingdom of Wen Endex bears a strong similarity to Norse-era Scandinavia.
Parengarenga. Lying midway between Argan and Yestron, Parengareanga is largely desert, vastly underpopulated and extremely poor. Of all the continents, it suffered most from the effects of war.
Reception
Interzone reviewed The Wizards and the Warriors negatively, calling it overlong, uninteresting, and with poor control of tone. However, Publishers Weekly reviewed The Wordsmiths and the Warguild favourably, saying that the picaresque adventure's tone shifts "keep the reader interested and off balance, never sure what's next or why." Library Journal called it "an entertaining fantasy" about an endearing hero bumbling from disaster to disaster.
Publishers Weekly reviewed The Warwolf and the Walrus negatively, saying that despite "flashes of imagination, the reader eventually loses interest". China Miéville wrote an introductory essay for the Paizo reissue calling it a fan favorite and an anti-Bildungsroman, noting that Cook's pirates avoided both romanticism and didacticism.
In his essay, Miéville described the series as "extraordinary", "underrated", and in need of rediscovery. Adrian Tchaikovsky called the series "enormously ahead of its time", and opined that while Cook wrote female characters well, there were not enough of them. He also compared the series's humour to The Dying Earth by Jack Vance. However, in The Encyclopedia of Fantasy, John Clute said that the series included "conceits of some considerable interest", such as the odex, but that it is "considerably more incoherent than most readers will accept."
References
External links
Hugh Cook's Chronicles of an Age of Darkness
Hugh Cook Fan Subreddit
Science fiction book series
Fantasy novel series | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronicles%20of%20an%20Age%20of%20Darkness |
The Curtiss F7C Seahawk was a carrier-capable biplane fighter aircraft of the United States Navy Marine Corps in the late 1920s and early 1930s.
Design and development
Curtiss' Model 43 was their first aircraft designed expressly for the Navy, rather than a modified Army type. While clearly a descendant of the P-1 Hawk, its wings were constant-chord rather than tapered, and the upper wing had a slight sweepback. The engine was a Pratt & Whitney R-1340-B Wasp radial. Entirely fabric-covered, the top wing was framed with spruce, while the fuselage was built from a combination of aluminum and steel tubing, sufficiently strong to serve as a dive bomber as well as a fighter.
Operational history
The prototype XF7C-1 first flew on 28 February 1927. After some modification demanded by the Navy (such as the wing sweepback), 17 production aircraft F7C-1 Seahawks were built, and entered service in the USMC's VF-5M at Quantico. In 1930 VF-9M organized the Marines' first aerobatic stunt team, "The Red Devils", with F7Cs featuring red painted noses. They continued in service until 1933.
Variants
XF7C-1: Prototype aircraft; one built.
F7C-1 Seahawk: Single-seat fighter aircraft, main production version; 17 built.
XF7C-2: Single F7C-1 conversion for evaluation with the Wright R-1820-1 radial engine and large-span full-span flaps.
XF7C-3: A demonstration prototype for China with an armament of four M1919 Browning machine guns, I-type interplane struts, and ailerons on both the upper and lower wings rather than on just the upper wing. The type was superseded by the Model 64, F11C Goshawk.
Operators
United States Marine Corps
Specifications (F7C-1)
References
Notes
Bibliography
Barrow, Jess C. WWII Marine Fighting Squadron Nine (VF-9M) (Modern Aviation Series). Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania: Tab Books Inc., 1981. .
Eden, Paul and Soph Moeng, eds. cover The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. London: Amber Books Ltd., 2002. .
Jones, Lloyd S. U.S. Naval Fighters. Fallbrook, California: Aero Publishers, 1977, pp. 50–52. .
1920s United States fighter aircraft
F07C Seahawk
Carrier-based aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1927 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss%20F7C%20Seahawk |
Kentlake High School is a public high school, of more than 1,500 students located in Kent, Washington, United States. It is part of the Kent School District.
History
Kentlake High School was designed by the architectural firm Burr Lawrence Rising and was a prison gates and built in 1997. Built to accommodate 1600 students, the brick-exterior, two-story facility has for student use. Under a cooperative agreement with King County Parks, an adjacent site provides additional fields for Kentlake's athletic programs.
Kentlake welcomed its first student body, the classes of 1999 and 2000 in grades 10–11, when it opened on September 2, 1997. Kentlake opened to grades 9–12 during the 2004–05 school years. During the 2010-2011 school year, Dr. Joe Potts, former assistant principal of Kentwood High School, replaced Diana Pratt as the principal of Kentlake. The replacement was followed with the hiring of two assistant principals - Dylan Smith and Jordanne Nevin.
Academics
Kentlake High School offers several Advanced Placement (AP) courses to the students. Those courses include Art, Literature, Language, Calculus (AB), Calculus (BC), Statistics, Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Science, Physics, Oceanography, Government and Politics, and Psychology an even subjects like automobile mechanics and 3D design/printing.
In addition to AP courses, Kentlake also offers students several University of Washington courses - UW Composition, UW Literature, UW Comparative Lit, UW U.S. History, UW Biology: Brain & Addiction, UW Oceanography, UW Pre-Calculus, and UW Foundations in Information Technology. As of 2017, UW Astronomy is no longer offered.
Language courses offered at Kentlake include Polish, Japanese, French, Spanish, German, Latin, Icelandic, Finnish, Mandrin, Thai and Vietnamese, as well as American Sign Language.
Clubs and Activities
Kentlake offers a variety of clubs and activities to their students. These clubs and activities include:
Archery
ASL/Hand up Club
Bowling Club
Chess Club
Cosplay Club
DECA
Drama
Environmental Protection Club
Falcon Flyer (school newspaper)
Falcon Gourmet
Falcons of Faith
FCLA (Future Community Leaders)
FIDM Fashion Club
Film Club
French Club
Hip Hop/Step Club
Honor Society
Japan Club
Key Club
Link Crew (by selection)
Men of Excellence
Minecraft Club
Mud Wrestling
Multi-cultural Club
Speech & Debate
Ultimate Frisbee Club
Athletics
Kentlake participates in the WIAA 3A/4A division. They have been part of the Cascade Division of the North Puget Sound League since the 2016-17 school year. Their volleyball team has won the 4A state championships three times; in 2000, 2001, and 2002. KL volleyball also reached the state tournament in 2005, 2006, and 2007. The fast-pitch softball team has made it to the quarter-finals six times, the semifinals three times, and to the state championship once. Kentlake's baseball team reached the state championship in 2008 and won 2nd in 4a State in 2017. Kentlake's girls basketball team reached the state tournament in 2007.
Boys
Football
Cross Country
Golf
Basketball
Swim and Dive
Wrestling
Baseball
Tennis
Track and Field
Soccer
Judo
Girls
Volleyball
Cross Country
Swim and Dive
Golf
Soccer
Gymnastics
Basketball
Wrestling
Softball
Track and Field
Tennis
Judo
Cheerleading
Dance Team
Notable alumni
Courtney Thompson - University of Washington volleyball player, member of the NCAA 2005 championship team, awarded the Honda Award as the nation's top female player the highest award a female student athlete can receive Is now or was a member of the United States women's national volleyball team. Won a silver medal at the 2012 Olympics and a bronze medal at the 2016 Olympics.
Tess Henley - Singer-songwriter, pianist and soul music performer.
Band Accomplishments
In just its second year of existence, Kentlake's Jazz Ensemble took top honors in the Heritage New Orleans Jazz Festival. In 1999, the Jazz Ensemble finished 1st in its classification at the Reno Jazz Festival and 3rd at the Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival. That same year, the group undertook the challenge of performing the Ellington/Strayhorn “Jazz Nutcracker Suite” in its entirety and committed to making it an annual event by performing it again during the subsequent holiday seasons. That annual performance has since evolved into the highly popular Jingle Jazz Concert. One of the benefits of being a new high school in these times is having up-to-date technology, which includes digital recording capabilities. The jazz ensemble students have recorded, engineered, and produced a composite CD of the 1998-2000 and 2004 Kentlake Jazz Ensembles, and even contributed the cover art as well. Just this week the Kentlake High School Jazz Ensemble has been declared the winner (by taped audition) of the “Big Bad Voodoo Daddy Contest”, sponsored by Selmer Music Co., resulting in a performance by the recording group at Kentlake on March 21, 2001. To top it off, the 2001 band was selected as one of the top 15 groups nationally and performed at the prestigious Essentially Ellington Festival in New York City. In 2004 the Jazz Ensemble took Grand Sweepstakes honors at the New Orleans Heritage Festival, which is also attended in 2010.
In 2007, the band took top honors at the Boise State Gene Harris Jazz Festival and twice has been selected as the top band at the University of Montana Buddy DeFranco Jazz Festival (2009 and 2012). Several band alumni have moved into the professional music scene as performers, recording industry workers, and music teachers.
Kentlake's former band Director, Chuck Stowell who is a graduate of the University of Washington, retired after the 2014 school year. Jonathan Urmenita replaced him. Urmenita is a graduate of Washington State University.
Controversies
In February 2000 Chief Judge John Coughenour ordered the school to reinstate a student who had been suspended for creating an unofficial school website at home stating the school did not have the authority to punish students for exercising their freedom of speech outside of school.
In March 2011, a Kentlake High School teacher, Barbara Anderson, was charged with felony sexual misconduct with a minor after she was accused of having sex with a 17-year-old boy.
On April 3, 2012, two students were arrested by the Kent Police Department after the administration reported that a loaded gun had been brought to school. According to the letter passed out by the administration, no harm was originally intended. A small handgun was confiscated and two students have been expelled.
in 2022, there was another report of a student having a relationship with a teacher.
References
External links
Official site
Kent School District site
Kentlake PTSA site
The Falcon Flyer
High schools in King County, Washington
Education in Kent, Washington
South Puget Sound League
Educational institutions established in 1996
Public high schools in Washington (state)
1996 establishments in Washington (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentlake%20High%20School |
Newcastle High School can refer to:
Newcastle High School (Nebraska) in Newcastle, Nebraska
Newcastle High School (Oklahoma) in Newcastle, Oklahoma
Newcastle High School (Texas) in Newcastle, Texas
Newcastle High School (Wyoming) in Newcastle, Wyoming
Newcastle High School (Australia) in Newcastle, New South Wales
Newcastle-under-Lyme School, a school in Newcastle-under-Lyme, England
Newcastle High School (KwaZulu-Natal) in Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Central Newcastle High School, an independent all-girls school in Newcastle upon Tyne
See also
New Castle High School (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcastle%20High%20School |
Prizm Outlets, formerly the Fashion Outlets of Las Vegas, is a outlet shopping center in Primm, Nevada, located just off Interstate 15 at the California state line, approximately southwest of Las Vegas. It is owned by Rialto Capital Management, on land leased from the Primm family. It is connected to the Primm Valley Resort.
The Fashion Outlets of Las Vegas opened on July 16, 1998, with approximately 100 retailers. Tenant occupancy and sales decreased during the 2010s, due to competition from Las Vegas Premium Outlets as well as online retailers. By 2020, it was rebranded Prizm Outlets. As of 2022, only around a handful of stores remain open.
History
Plans for the mall were announced in September 1995. Construction began in May 1997. It began as a joint project between two shopping center developers, the Gordon Group and TrizecHahn. The Fashion Outlets of Las Vegas opened on July 16, 1998, at a cost of $75 million. The mall is connected to the Primm Valley Resort, and was built to attract motorists along Interstate 15, traveling between Las Vegas and California. Its location in Primm was chosen so outlet store tenants could avoid competing with their higher-end stores in Las Vegas. The mall employed 1,000 people.
Upon opening, it included approximately 100 retailers, and a food court with 10 restaurants. The single-level mall, designed by MCG Architecture of Beverly Hills, is divided into two themed courts: one resembling New York City and the other modeled in the style of Miami Art Deco.
After opening, some tenants complained of poor sales and subsequently closed, prompting lawsuits from the mall. Most other tenants reported strong sales. Nevertheless, the Fashion Outlets of Las Vegas received only 1.5 million visitors in its first year, far below expectations; TrizecHahn had estimated 10–12 million. In 1999, the mall launched a new marketing campaign to boost attendance among Southern Nevada residents. An existing shuttle bus service between Las Vegas and the mall was also increased. In 2001, it was among the top-five outlet centers in the U.S., based on sales per square foot.
Prior to the mall's opening, TrizecHahn had agreed to sell its interests to The Rouse Company, but the sale did not materialize. Talisman Cos., a Florida-based real estate developer focused on turning around underperforming shopping centers, acquired a stake in the property in 2000, and by the following year, was reported to be seeking full ownership.
Talisman announced in 2007 that it had obtained a $141 million loan to finance an expansion of the mall from to . At the time, tourists accounted for more than 80 percent of its clientele. In 2012, the mall took out a $73-million mortgage, along with a $32-million loan from Brookfield Asset Management. Brookfield foreclosed in 2016, taking ownership of the mall. Tenant occupancy had seen a decrease, and sales were also reduced because of competition from Las Vegas Premium Outlets as well as online retailers. By late 2017, the mall's mortgage was reportedly in default. The mortgage holder, Miami-based real estate firm Rialto Capital Management, repossessed the property in 2018.
By December 2019, more than $2 million had been spent on upgrades for the mall. This included interior artwork by more than 30 muralists and street artists from around the world. Rialto changed the mall's name to Prizm Outlets and sought a younger demographic. Christopher Julian, a design architect who oversaw the rebranding, said, "We wanted to turn it into an evolution of the word Primm … and introduce that concept to Generation Z, so we put the 'z,' which is Prizm." The mall was approximately 66-percent occupied as of early 2020. Prizm Outlets lost 95 percent of its value during the final six months of the year, amid the COVID-19 lockdowns. In 2021, the outlets at auction was purchased by the Kohan Retail Investment Group for $1.525 million. The loan on the mall suffered a loss of 120% or $74 million dollars. Only around a handful of stores remained open as of 2022, with the food court entirely shuttered.
Gallery
References
External links
Buildings and structures in Primm, Nevada
Shopping malls established in 1998
Shopping malls in Nevada
Outlet malls in the United States
Kohan Retail Investment Group | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizm%20Outlets |
Albuera was launched at Moulmain (British Burma), in 1854. She made three voyages to Adelaide between 1854 and 1874. In 1858 she transported eleven convicts from Calcutta, India to Fremantle, Western Australia, arriving on 28 October 1858. The eleven convicts were all soldiers and sailors who had been convicted by court-martial in India, and sentenced to transportation. There were no other passengers on board. She was last listed in 1881.
List of convicts on the Albuera
Citations
References
See also
List of convict ship voyages to Western Australia
Convict era of Western Australia
1854 ships
British ships built in India
Age of Sail merchant ships of England
Convict ships to Western Australia
1858 in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albuera%20%281854%20ship%29 |
Benjamin Harrison (1833–1901) was the president of the United States from 1889 to 1893.
Benjamin Harrison may also refer to:
Persons
Benjamin Harrison I (1594–1677), first member of the Harrison family of Virginia to live in America
Benjamin Harrison II (1645–1712), American Virginia politician
Benjamin Harrison III (1673–1710), Virginia colonial politician, Speaker of the Virginia House of Burgesses
Benjamin Harrison IV (1693–1745), Virginia colonial politician, member of the Virginia House of Burgesses
Benjamin Harrison V (1726–1791), signer of the American Declaration of Independence
Benjamin Harrison VI (1755–1799), American merchant, planter, politician, and revolutionary
Benjamin Harrison (hospital administrator) (1771–1856), treasurer of Guy's Hospital in London
Benjamin Harrison (judge) (1888–1960), United States federal judge
Benjamin Harrison (major general) (born 1928), American military leader notable for his contributions to the tactics of modern airmobile warfare
Benjamin Harrison (priest) (1808–1887), Anglican clergyman and ecclesiastical administrator
Benjamin Ahr Harrison, co-host of the Star Trek focused podcast The Greatest Generation
Other
Fort Benjamin Harrison, a U.S. Army barracks near Indianspolis, Indiana, United States
Benjamin Harrison (Niehaus), a 1908 public artwork by Charles Henry Niehaus
Bust of Benjamin Harrison, a 2008 bust of President Harrison by Richard Peglow
SS Benjamin Harrison, a 1942 World War II Liberty ship
See also
Ben Harrison (disambiguation)
Harrison, Benjamin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Harrison%20%28disambiguation%29 |
WNBR may refer to:
World Network of Biosphere Reserves
World Naked Bike Ride
WZXL, a radio station (100.7 FM) licensed to serve Wildwood, New Jersey, United States which held the call sign WNBR from 1981 to 1986
WLXB, a radio station (98.9 FM) licensed to serve Bethel, North Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WNBR-FM from 2004 to 2015
WNBU, a radio station (94.1 FM) licensed to serve Oriental, North Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WNBR from 1992 to 2004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNBR |
Rodney John McCurdy (born 30 December 1959) is a former first-class cricketer who played for Australia, Border, Derbyshire, Eastern Province, Natal, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria. He now lives in South Africa.
A fast bowler, he played in 11 One Day Internationals in the mid-1980s and later joined in the South African rebel tours in 1985.
Career
In 1979, McCurdy was in England when, while playing at club level for Pudsey St Lawrence in Yorkshire also appeared at the county level for Derbyshire and Shropshire.
McCurdy represented Australia's U-19 team. He played for Victoria before moving to Tasmania, for whom he took 7–81 against the touring New Zealanders in 1980–81.
He returned to Victoria for the 1981–82 season. During the 1984–85 summer, McCurdy signed to play in South Africa.
McCurdy was selected in the original squad to tour England in 1985. However, his South African commitments meant he was unable to tour. McCurdy:
It always bugs me. I was picked on the Ashes tour. Would I have gone there? Yes, I was going there. We would have loved to have gone there, played in the Ashes, and come out to South Africa afterward. At least I would have had my opportunity. That's a disappointment for me.
McCurdy stayed in South Africa after the tour playing for Eastern Province and joined the rebel tours in South Africa in 1985–86 and 1986–87, defying the international sporting boycott of the apartheid state.
He later ran a security business in Port Elizabeth, making alarms for homes and small businesses. He then moved to Johannesburg to work as operations manager of Tellytrack, the racing television station.
External links
Baggy green or livelihood? Rod McCurdy cash or country – ESPNcricinfo
References
1959 births
Living people
Australia One Day International cricketers
Border cricketers
Derbyshire cricketers
Eastern Province cricketers
KwaZulu-Natal cricketers
South Australia cricketers
Tasmania cricketers
Victoria cricketers
Shropshire cricketers
Australian cricketers
Cricketers from Melbourne
Australian emigrants to South Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod%20McCurdy |
In computing, open implementation platforms are systems where the implementation is accessible. Open implementation allows developers of a program to alter pieces of the underlying software to fit their specific needs. With this technique it is far easier to write general tools, though it makes the programs themselves more complex to design and use.
There are also open language implementations, which make aspects of the language implementation accessible to application programmers.
Open implementation is not to be confused with open source, which allows users to change implementation source code, rather than using existing application programming interfaces.
See also
Aspect-oriented programming for a successor concept in research
Metaobject protocol for the primary implementation means
Software architecture for organization of software in general
External links
Links pertaining to open implementation
Free software culture and documents | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20implementation |
Area code 770 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) serving all or part of 29 counties in North Georgia, including most of Atlanta's suburbs. It was created in 1995 in a split of numbering plan area (NPA) 404.
History
When the North American Numbering Plan was created in October 1947, all of Georgia was served by area code 404. In 1954, 404 was reduced to the northern half of the state, with Macon and points south splitting off as area code 912. The remaining 404 territory remained unchanged until 1992, when most of the area outside of the immediate Atlanta metropolitan area was split off with area code 706. This was intended as a long-term solution to relieve number shortages in exchanges in North Georgia.
When 706 was created, it included several fast-growing exurbs of Atlanta. Residents of these areas complained about no longer being associated with the better-known area code 404, prompting BellSouth to return these areas to 404 soon after the split. However, even before the creation of 706, 404 was close to exhaustion due to the proliferation of cell phones, fax machines, and pagers in the fast-growing Atlanta area. BellSouth and the Georgia Public Service Commission were well aware of this, and had already planned to create a new area code for the Atlanta suburbs later in the decade. However, the restoration of the exurban areas from 706 forced further relief action sooner than anticipated.
As a result, just three years later, in 1995, almost all of Atlanta's suburban ring was split off as area code 770.
Atlanta was the first city in the United States to have mandatory ten-digit dialing throughout its metro area, roughly coinciding with the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. Atlanta was used as the test case not only for its size, but also because it enjoyed the world's largest fiber optic bundle at the time (five times that of New York), and it was home to BellSouth (now part of AT&T), then the Southeastern Regional Bell Operating Company.
An additional NPA will be added to both metro Atlanta overlay areas in 2022. Area code 943 will be effective on March 15, 2022.
Service area
Numbering plan area 770 completely surrounds 404. The two plan areas are separated roughly by Interstate 285, known locally as the Perimeter. Generally, 770 includes most of the metro area outside the Perimeter, while 404 serves Atlanta itself and most suburbs inside the Perimeter; a few cities are split between the two codes. Both codes are overlaid by 678, 470, and 943. The metro Atlanta region (404, 770, 678/470/943) is one of the largest local calling areas in the United States; with few exceptions, no long-distance charges are applied for calls from one portion of the metro to the other. Parts of 706/762 and north Alabama's 256/938 are local calls to Atlanta as well.
When the Atlanta area was originally divided in 1995, most cellphones stayed with 404, which balanced the fact that most of the landline area went to 770.
Area code 770 serves a numbering plan area that comprises the counties of Barrow, Bartow, Butts, Carroll, Cherokee, Clayton (part with area code 404), Cobb, Coweta, Dawson, DeKalb (part with area code 404), Douglas, Fayette, Forsyth, Fulton (part with area code 404), Gwinnett, Hall, Haralson, Heard (part with area codes 706 and 762), Henry, Lamar, Meriwether (part with area codes 706 and 762), Newton, Oconee, Paulding, Pike, Polk, Rockdale, Spalding, and Walton.
See also
List of Georgia area codes
List of North American Numbering Plan area codes
Metro Atlanta
References
External links
Interactive Map of Area Code 770
1995 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Area codes in the United States
Area codes in Georgia (U.S. state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20code%20770 |
The University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point at Wausau (formerly University of Wisconsin–Marathon County or UWMC), is a two-year campus of the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point. It is located near downtown Wausau, Wisconsin, United States, and adjacent to Marathon Park.
UW–Stevens Point at Wausau's campus consists of five buildings: the main building, the fieldhouse, the ceramics/pottery building, the art building, and the Center for Civic Engagement.
UW–Stevens Point at Wausau had an enrollment of 575 students in fall 2021 and an average class size of 15 students. UWSP-Wausau is the site of the Wisconsin Public Radio Wausau Regional Studio. The campus executive is Ozalle Toms.
In 2018, the college became a satellite campus of the University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point and changed its name to the current one due to the dissolution of the University of Wisconsin Colleges.
Academics
The school offers courses leading to either an associate’s degree or the Guaranteed Transfer Program, under which students are guaranteed admission to a four-year University of Wisconsin System college of their choice if they meet the academic requirements. UW-Wausau also has a collaborative program with UW-Stevens Point and UW–Oshkosh that allows students to be dually enrolled in both colleges, and to take select courses from those colleges on the UW-Marathon County campus, to earn bachelor’s degrees in Business Administration, General Studies, Web and Digital Media Development, and Nursing. UWSP-Wausau also has an agreement with neighboring Northcentral Technical College (NTC) whereby a student can earn a one-year, 30- to 32-credit general studies certificate at NTC and then transfer to UWMC to complete the Associate of Arts and Sciences degree.
Extra-curricular activities
Sports
The University of Wisconsin–Marathon County sponsors teams in golf, basketball, volleyball and soccer. UWSP-Wausau has a pool, a weight room, an open gym, and a racquetball court in the fieldhouse. The mascot is the Pointer.
InterVarsity Christian Fellowship
InterVarsity Christian Fellowship is a Christian student organization present on campus. Conferences, small group Bible studies, and large groups with worship and speakers are among the activities available.
Concert Band
The UWSP-Wausau Concert Band is a community-university blend that includes current and former UWMC students and other musicians from the Wausau area. The Concert Band performs four concerts each year, with a "Preview" performance in October featuring the entire music program, a shared performance with the UWMC Jazz Ensemble in December, a full concert in early spring, and a shared performance with the UWMC Concert Choir in May. Every even-numbered year, the band's early spring concert features music related to dance, from ballet to Broadway to ballroom.
Jazz Ensemble
The UWMC Jazz Ensemble is open to all university students interested in performing big band music. Members have the opportunity to learn a variety of jazz, Latin and jazz-rock styles through the jazz ensemble literature while continuing to develop individual and ensemble musical skills. The group performs on campus at least twice each semester, with occasional off-campus performances for festivals, community events, or joint concerts with public school groups. No audition is necessary to be in the ensemble.
This course is an important part of the curriculum for music majors and allows students to apply and reinforce what they are learning in their other coursework.
Concert Choir
The UWMC Concert Choir is the largest choral ensemble at the college. It is open to all students with choir experience. Concert Choir gives multiple on-campus performances each year, including a Fall Preview concert in October, which features all five of the college’s ensembles, a Winter Choral Concert in December featuring the school’s three vocal ensembles, and a Mother’s Day Concert in May. These three performances are held at the UW Center for Civic Engagement Theater on the UWMC campus. The Concert Choir performs each year at the UWMC EATS scholarship fundraising event and delivers Singing Valentines throughout the community each February.
Vocal Jazz
The UWMC Vocal Jazz Ensemble is one of two select vocal jazz ensembles on campus. This group of 12-16 singers performs a wide variety of jazz and popular music and is open to all college students by audition.
The UWMC Vocal Jazz Ensemble gives four on-campus performances each year, including a Fall Preview concert in October, which features all five of the college’s ensembles, a Winter Choral Concert in December featuring the school’s three vocal ensembles, a UWMC Vocal Jazz Festival performance in April, and a Spring Jazz Concert performance in May featuring all three jazz groups plus the Central Wisconsin High School Honors Vocal Jazz Ensemble. These four performances are held at the UW Center for Civic Engagement Theater on the UWMC campus. The Vocal Jazz Ensemble performs each year at the UWMC EATS scholarship fundraising event, and in performances throughout central Wisconsin, including exchanges with local high school choirs.
Jazz Central Voices
UWMC Jazz Central Voices is one of two select vocal jazz ensembles on campus. This ensemble includes both current UWMC college students and community members from throughout central Wisconsin, including many local music educators and former college music majors. The ensemble’s repertoire includes classic big band era swing tunes, a cappella arrangements of jazz standards, and modern vocal jazz compositions. Auditions for Jazz Central Voices occur each year in August.
Jazz Central Voices gives four on-campus performances each year, including a Fall Preview concert in October, which features all five of the college’s ensembles, a Winter Choral Concert in December featuring the school’s three vocal ensembles, a UWMC Vocal Jazz Festival performance in April, and a Spring Jazz Concert performance in May featuring all three jazz groups plus the Central Wisconsin High School Honors Vocal Jazz Ensemble. These four performances are held at the UW Center for Civic Engagement Theater on the UWMC campus. Jazz Central Voices performs each year at the UWMC EATS scholarship fundraising event and in performances throughout central Wisconsin.
The Forum
UWMC's sponsored school newspaper is The Forum, a student-run organization with issues printed monthly during the academic year and one issue printed during the summer. The Forum distributes upwards of 2,500 newspapers per issue. The paper has a Facebook fan page and is distributed throughout the Wausau Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Student Government Association
UWMC's student governing organization is the Student Government Association. It has six officers and ten senators who represent student interests and help create student events and activity programming. The campus is a member of the University of Wisconsin System Student Representatives, an association of all 26 UW campuses, and a member of the University of Wisconsin System Association of Branch Campuses (formerly UW Colleges Student Governance Council). This organization represents the 13 two-year branch campuses of the UW System that formerly were the University of Wisconsin Colleges. The campus was a member of United Council, a lobbying organization representing 23 of the 26 UW campuses at the state level when the United Council was still active.
References
External links
University of Wisconsin– Stevens Point at Wausau
University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point at Wausau
Education in Marathon County, Wisconsin
Wausau, Wisconsin
Buildings and structures in Marathon County, Wisconsin
Two-year colleges in the United States
Wausau
Wausau | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Wisconsin%E2%80%93Stevens%20Point%20at%20Wausau |
Mark Nichols, ONL (born January 1, 1980) is a Canadian curler from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. He currently plays third for the Brad Gushue rink. Nichols is a former Olympic champion curler, having played third for Team Canada at the 2006 Winter Olympics, where the team won a gold medal. He also won a World Championship with Gushue in 2017.
Career
Nichols was born in Labrador City, Newfoundland, the son of Gerry and Helen Nichols. Nichols began curling at the age of 3 in Labrador City. In 1995, he played for Newfoundland at the Canada Games, placing eighth.
Between 1999 and 2011, Nichols lived in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, where he played third for the Brad Gushue rink. It was with Gushue that he represented Canada at the 2006 Winter Olympics. With Gushue, Nichols has been to three Canadian Junior Curling Championships (1999, 2000, and winning in 2001) and fourteen Briers (2003-2005, 2007-2011, 2015–2020). He also qualified for the 2013 and 2014 Brier with Manitoba's Jeff Stoughton rink. He also won the World Junior Curling Championships in 2001 with Gushue. He also won Gold in the 2006 Winter Olympic Games in Turin, at which he threw a spectacular shot - running back a guard onto another stone which picked another rock that was sitting in a dead zone - in the 6th end of the final against Finland, helping Canada to score 6. Certainly, one thing to aid their victory was the fact that Nichols shot a blistering 97 percent in the gold medal final. "When he’s playing that way, we don’t lose very much," said Gushue. He is also the 2017 Tim Hortons Brier Champion, again as third for Gushue, defeating Kevin Koe 7-6 in the final, helping Gushue to win the Brier in his 14th appearance. This was an especially sweet victory for Nichols, who had lost 3 Brier finals previously- with Gushue to Glenn Howard in 2007, with Stoughton to Brad Jacobs in 2013, with Gushue to Kevin Koe in 2016. The 2017 Brier was also in St. John's, where the Gushue team is from. The team went undefeated at the 2017 World Men's Curling Championship, defeating Niklas Edin in the final. At the 2018 Brier, he went back-to-back as brier champion, but this time he was a member of Team Canada, defeating Brendan Bottcher of Alberta 6-4 with fellow skip Brad Gushue. At the 2018 World Men's Curling Championship, they would lose the final in a rematch against Sweden's Edin. They couldn't win three Briers in a row, losing the 3 vs. 4 game of the 2019 Tim Hortons Brier to Brendan Bottcher.
Nichols has won a career total of twelve Grand Slam of Curling events, ten with Gushue and two with Stoughton. He won his first at the 2010 The National (January), defeating Randy Ferbey in the final. He also won the National in 2013 and 2015. He won two Masters (2014, 2017), two Canadian Open's (2014, 2017), two Elite 10's (2016, 2018 (Sept.)) and one Tour Challenge, Players' Championship and Champions Cup.
He briefly retired from curling after the 2011 Brier, although he always suggested he might return at some point, which he did for the 2012-2013 season as Jeff Stoughton's lead. He would play two whole seasons with Jeff, winning a silver at the 2013 Brier, and in the middle of the 2013-2014 season, moved to throwing second stones for Jeff, missing the playoffs at the Canadian Olympic Trials, but winning a bronze at the 2014 Brier. He left the Stoughton rink to reunite with Brad after the 2014 Brier.
He won the Ford Hot Shots shot-making competition at the 2005 Brier, winning a two-year lease on a new Ford vehicle.
Nichols also skipped team Newfoundland and Labrador with sister Shelley, Brent Hamilton and Jennifer Guzzwell to a Canadian Mixed Curling Championship in 2005.
2022 Winter Olympics
Nichol's team, skipped by Brad Gushue, qualified as the Canadian representatives for the 2022 Winter Olympics by winning the 2021 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, defeating Brad Jacobs 4–3 in the final. The team would go onto win the bronze medal.
Personal life
In 2005, he graduated with a Bachelor's degree in Kinesiology from the Memorial University of Newfoundland. He also received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree in 2006 and received a certification of Mac-Nutrition in 2021.
With Gushue, Nichols is the co-owner and personal trainer with Orangethory Fitness in St. John's. In the summer of 2011, Nichols married his longtime girlfriend and fellow curler Colette Lemon. They have two children. In August 2011, Nichols ran for the Progressive Conservative nomination in the district of Labrador West, losing to Nick McGrath. His mother, Helen competed for Newfoundland at the 1992 Scott Tournament of Hearts.
Teams
Awards
World Junior Curling Championships: All-Star Third - 2001
Brier: First Team All-Star, Lead - 2013
Brier: First Team All-Star, Second - 2014
Brier: First Team All-Star, Third - 2018
Brier: Second Team All-Star, Third - 2004, 2016, 2017 and 2022
World Men's Curling Championship: All-Star Third - 2017 and 2018
Notes
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
Brier champions
Businesspeople from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
Canada Cup (curling) participants
Canadian male curlers
Canadian mixed curling champions
Continental Cup of Curling participants
Curlers from Newfoundland and Labrador
Curlers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Curlers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Memorial University of Newfoundland alumni
Olympic bronze medalists for Canada
Olympic curlers for Canada
Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Olympic medalists in curling
Pan Continental curling champions
People from Labrador City
Members of the Order of Newfoundland and Labrador
Sportspeople from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
World curling champions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Nichols%20%28curler%29 |
The WWWF/WWF Junior Heavyweight Championship is a former championship recognized by the World (Wide) Wrestling Federation and New Japan Pro-Wrestling for wrestlers of smaller size. The title existed from 1965 through 1985.
History
In April 1994, the WWWF championship belt was used as a trophy for the first ever Super J-Cup, which was won by Wild Pegasus.
Reigns
Over the championship's 20-year history, there were 20 reigns between 11 champions. Johnny De Fazio has the most reigns at four times. Tatsumi Fujinami's second reign it the longest at 789 days, while Ryuma Go's reign was the shortest at two days. The Cobra was the final champion.
See also
IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship
NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship
NWA International Junior Heavyweight Championship
WWF Light Heavyweight Championship
WWE Cruiserweight Championship
Footnotes
References
Wrestling Information Archive
External links
WWF Junior Heavyweight Title
Junior heavyweight wrestling championships
New Japan Pro-Wrestling championships
WWE championships | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWF%20Junior%20Heavyweight%20Championship |
Moses Harman (October 12, 1830January 30, 1910) was an American schoolteacher and publisher notable for his staunch support for women's rights. He was prosecuted under the Comstock Law for content published in his anarchist periodical Lucifer the Lightbearer. He was arrested and jailed multiple times for publishing allegedly obscene material. His daughter, Lillian Harman, was also a notable anarchist.
Biography
Harman was born on October 12, 1830, in Pendleton County, West Virginia to Job and Nancy Harman. Their family later moved to Crawford County, Missouri. Harman taught subscription school courses and attended Arcadia College. After completing his schoolwork, Harman worked as a Methodist circuit rider and teacher.
Harman married Susan Scheuck in 1866. Although they had several children, only two survived and Susan died in childbirth in 1877. Harman left the ministry and began his involvement with eugenics and social reform following Susan's death. In 1881, Harman edited the Kansas Liberal newspaper in Valley Falls, Kansas.
Harman has been credited as one of the founders of what became the eugenics movement. "He gave the spur and start to this effort. Through his journals, Lucifer, the Light Bearer, later renamed The American Journal of Eugenics, encouraged by a small circle of earnest men and women, he dug down below the surface endeavoring to bring forth a stronger and better type of men".
In 1881, Harman co-edited the Valley Falls Liberal, and eventually became the editor. On August 24, 1883, Harman changed the name of the publication to Lucifer, the Light Bearer. He moved the location of the newspaper several times for financial and philosophical reasons: to Topeka, Kansas, in 1890, to Chicago in 1896, and to Los Angeles in 1908. The name of the paper also changed to The American Journal of Eugenics in 1906.
Articles published in Lucifer discussed topics such as religion, relationships, and raising children. Through his work, Harman rejected all forms of religion and government, including marriage, and promoted freedom, love, wisdom, and the use of knowledge. Due to the radical nature of his views and publication, Harman constantly dealt with lawsuits, charges of immorality, ridicule, and issues with mailing what was considered obscene material through the United States Postal Service. Consequently, Harman was sentenced and released by courts several times in the 1890s.
He died on January 30, 1910, aged 79, in Los Angeles.
Work In Lucifer
Harman as the primary writer for the paper Lucifer The Light-Bearer expressed many political opinions in his writing. The primary focus of the paper was the discussion of women's rights especially in regards to marriage as he viewed it as the subjugation of women by men and the state. The paper was home to many letters, petitions and articles that discussed societal and political changes for women in America. One such contribution was from Lois Waisbrooker and was a declaration of independence for women that prescribed societal expectations and rule upon men and women.Whereas:-Man, as a sex, has no more right to make laws and insist upon our obedience than we, as a sex, have to make laws and insist upon his obedience, and
Whereas:-The race lives upon the heart's blood of woman daring its prenatal existence, thus making the character of its individual members largely dependent upon conditions surrounding her, and
Whereas:-Woman herself can best understand the conditions needed for her work as mother of the race, and
Whereas:-The present institutions of society are not adapted to woman's freedom,
Therefore we the undersigned, hereby repudiate man's role over as, demanding the right to ourselves and such a re-adjustment of conditions as will enable us to do our Best Work for the human race. Contributions such as this were representative of the level of political change that Harman advocated for. The church was another area of society that Harman targeted in Lucifer through his support of other likeminded activists such as the writer/activist Matilda Joslyn Gage. Gage argued that the church's influence over the state had created the societal chains upon women that bound them to an unjust system, and the acts of the church to care for abandoned children only was necessary because of the societal pressures that church imposed on women and through them their children. Harman's political activism often put him at risk of law suits and led to multiple jail sentences but despite the risks and costs that he faced his support for ground up societal changes never deserted him.
References
Further reading
External links
Moses Harman: A Kansas Portrait from the Kansas State Historical Society
Moses Harman: The Paradigm of A Male Feminist by Wendy McElroy
Sex Slavery by Voltairine de Cleyre, an 1890 essay supporting Harman and attacking the institution of marriage
1830 births
1910 deaths
American anarchists
American eugenicists
American male non-fiction writers
American political writers
Anarcha-feminists
Anarchist writers
Feminism and history
Free love advocates
Individualist anarchists
Individualist feminists
Male feminists
People from Valley Falls, Kansas
Schoolteachers from Missouri
Schoolteachers from West Virginia
American publishers (people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses%20Harman |
Russel Brothers Limited was a Canadian steel boat builder, diesel engine manufacturer and steel fabricator. The company operated in Fort Frances, Ontario from 1907 to 1937 and then in Owen Sound, Ontario from 1937 to 1994.
Founded in Fort Frances, Ontario in 1907 by Colin and Jardine Russel, it moved to Owen Sound in 1937 and remained there until 1974.
After 1950 Russel Brothers became Russel-Hipwell Engines Limited (named of unit founded in 1943). In 1961 the name Russel Brothers Limited reemerged and lasted until 1994.
The company built 1200 boats in its lifetime as Russel Brothers and Russel-Hipwell.
The company built mostly tugs and logging boats, but made diesel switching locomotives as well. During World War II they made boats used in the D-Day landings.
While the company ceased manufacturing boats in 1974, the company continued metal fabrication until 1994. The company went bankrupt and property was sold for condos in 2006.
Products
Radium Express, tugboat built for the Northern Transportation Company's "Radium Line" in 1939
Radium Cruiser, tugboat built for the Northern Transportation Company's "Radium Line" in 1939
R.J. Foote, tugboat built for the Canadian Dredge and Dock Company in 1939
Workboy, tugboat built for the Canadian Dredge and Dock Company in 1939
Toronto Fire Services William Mackenzie fire boat
Maid of the Mist 2 and 2 (1955-1956)
Atomic - icebreaker (1946)
Okiko - Logging Tug, Hull number 608 (1946)
Annie Mac / Bluefin - workboat (1934)
Beaver's Helper - sluicer (1974)
Ancaster - tug (1951)
Missinaibi - tug (1952)
Trent - tug (1948)
Onigara, ferry boat (1963)
Manufacturing Locations
Fort Frances, Ontario 1907-1937 - former machine shop location at Armit Ave and Front Street now residential homes across from La Verendrye General Hospital.
Owen Sound, Ontario 1937-1994 - 2198 3rd Avenue East, at 22nd Street East (former Polson Iron Works) and now vacant (all buildings demolished) with area around dockyard surrounded by grass
Halifax, Nova Scotia 1944 to late 1940s (for war effort)
Port Arthur, Ontario 1948-?
Toronto, Ontario 1956 - later as head office
St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador 1957-?
References
External links
Russel Brothers Boat Archive
Emergency services equipment makers
Defunct manufacturing companies of Canada
Manufacturing companies established in 1907
Shipbuilding companies of Canada
Former defence companies of Canada
1907 establishments in Ontario
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1994
1994 disestablishments in Ontario | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russel%20Brothers |
John William McCloskey (September 19, 1925 – June 1, 2017) was an American basketball player, coach and executive. He served as the head coach of the Portland Trail Blazers and general manager of the Detroit Pistons and Minnesota Timberwolves. As general manager of the Pistons, McCloskey assembled the team that would become known as the "Bad Boys" that won NBA championships in 1989 and 1990.
Biography
Early life
McCloskey was born in Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania on September 19, 1925 to Buelah and Eddie McCloskey. After high school, he attended the University of Pittsburgh, where he played football. He left school to serve in World War II as a lieutenant commanding a landing ship for the Marines. After the war, McCloskey attended the University of Pennsylvania where he played three varsity sports.
Playing career
McCloskey played one game for the Philadelphia Warriors of the NBA during the 1953 season, scoring 6 points in that game. McCloskey also spent time in Eastern Professional Basketball League (EPBL), including with the Sunbury Mercuries. He was the EPBL Most Valuable Player in 1953 and 1954, and earned four nominations to the All-EPBL First Team (1950, 1952–1954).
Coaching career
McCloskey served as head coach of the University of Pennsylvania from 1956 to 1966, and of Wake Forest from 1966 to 1972. Following that, he served as the head coach of the Portland Trail Blazers from 1972 through 1974, earning a 48–116 win–loss record. He followed this stint as an assistant coach to Jerry West and the Los Angeles Lakers. When West became general manager in 1979, McCloskey felt he had earned the right to become head coach, but Jack McKinney was hired instead.
Front-office career: "Trader Jack"
In 1979, McCloskey became general manager of the Detroit Pistons. Over the next 13 years, "Trader Jack", as he was known, made over 30 trades, constantly upgrading his team to become a true challenger to the Boston Celtics, one of the dominant teams in the NBA's Eastern Conference. His best-known moves were drafting future Hall-Of-Famer Joe Dumars outside the lottery and rebounding champ Dennis Rodman in the second round of the NBA Draft, trading three players for future all-star center and dominant rebounder Bill Laimbeer and trading superstar Adrian Dantley for Mark Aguirre during the 1988–89 season, a move that helped the Pistons win the NBA championship in 1989 and 1990.
After the Chicago Bulls swept the Pistons in the 1991 Eastern Conference Finals, "Trader Jack" made his last moves. He acquired Darrell Walker, Brad Sellers, and Orlando Woolridge, and let go of Vinnie Johnson and James Edwards to try to make the team younger. He drafted Doug Overton in the second round that year (the Pistons had traded their first-round pick away), who did not even play the following season. The Pistons struggled with their chemistry, as key subs like John Salley did not improve their performance, yet they won 48 games. They lost in five games to the New York Knicks in the first round, and McCloskey left the team. He later served in the front offices of the Minnesota Timberwolves (1992–1995), and the Toronto Raptors (2004), the latter on an interim basis.
Personal life
On March 29, 2008, McCloskey had his name honored in Auburn Hills (Home city of The Detroit Pistons at the time), with a banner raised at The Palace of Auburn Hills.
McCloskey had six children. His daughter is the writer Molly McCloskey, whose memoir Circles Around the Sun: In Search of a Lost Brother (2011) recounts the story of the McCloskey family with particular focus on Molly's brother (Jack McCloskey's son), Mike. The family was featured in an article in the September 1953 Ladies Home Journal, as part of a long running series "How America Lives", titled "Meet Mrs. $10,000* Executive in the Home".
In May 2017, it was announced McCloskey had Alzheimer's disease. He died on June 1, 2017.
Career playing statistics
NBA
Source
Regular season
Head coaching record
College
NBA
|-
|align="left"|Portland
|align="left"|
| 82 || 21 || 61 || ||align="center"|5th in Pacific || – || – || – ||
|align="center"|Missed Playoffs
|-
|align="left"|Portland
|align="left"|
| 82 || 27 || 55 || ||align="center"|5th in Pacific|| – || – || – ||
|align="center"| Missed Playoffs
|- class="sortbottom"
|align="left"|Career
| || 164 || 48 || 116 || || || – || – || – ||
References
External links
Basketball-Reference.com: Jack McCloskey (as coach)
Basketball-Reference.com: Jack McCloskey (as player)
1925 births
2017 deaths
American expatriate basketball people in Canada
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Pennsylvania
Basketball players from Pennsylvania
Deaths from dementia in Georgia (U.S. state)
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Detroit Pistons executives
Military personnel from Pennsylvania
Minnesota Timberwolves executives
Penn Quakers baseball coaches
Penn Quakers men's basketball coaches
Penn Quakers men's basketball players
People from Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia Warriors players
Portland Trail Blazers head coaches
Pottsville Packers players
Shooting guards
Sunbury Mercuries players
Toronto Raptors executives
Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's basketball coaches
United States Navy personnel of World War II
United States Navy officers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20McCloskey |
Mars class may refer to:
Real ship and boat classes
(20th century) of the U.S. Navy
(18th century; 74-gun third rate) of the British Royal Navy
(18th century) of the Royal French Navy; see List of ships of the line of France
(Military Afloat Reach and Sustainability; 20th century) of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary of the British Royal Navy
Fictional ship and boat classes
Mars-class starship, of the Federation Starfleet in Star Trek; see Star Trek: Discovery (season 3)
See also
Human mission to Mars, for proposed Mars-capable (Mars "class", "Mars" ship) spaceship designs
Mars (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars%20class |
Area codes 678, 470, and 943 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the U.S. State of Georgia in the Atlanta metropolitan area. The area codes are assigned in an overlay plan to a combined numbering plan area (NPA) consisting of 404 (Atlanta and its suburbs inside Interstate 285) and 770 (Atlanta suburbs and exurbs outside of 285).
History
Telephone numbers in area code 678 were first assigned to customers signing up for new telephone service on January 15, 1998.
On September 2, 2001, area code 470, was added to the 678 overlay area of area codes 404 and 770. Telephone numbers from the NPA were assigned after exhaustion of area code 678.
In October of 2020, the Georgia Public Service Commission approved the creation of a new overlay area code after NANPA exhaustion analyses projected shortfall of central office prefixes by the second quarter of 2023. NANPA assigned area code 943 for relief, which commenced service on March 15, 2022.
Although ten-digit dialing was used in the Atlanta area since area code 770 was introduced in 1995, it was not until January 1, 1998, when 678 was implemented, that ten-digit dialing finally became required across the entire metro area.
All central office prefixes of area code 404 are assigned to service providers, the last having been issued in October 2013. Prefixes in 678 and 770 have also all been allocated, leaving only 470 central office codes available, although previously-used numbers are always available for reassignment to new customers. Despite existing for decades before this change, the largest customer using area code 470 is Kennesaw State University in Kennesaw, which was forced to change hundreds of telephone numbers when the Georgia Board of Regents forced schools in the University System of Georgia to implement internal telephone systems, and the FCC failed to make local number portability applicable to businesses and government, allowing AT&T to refuse KSU to take its numbers to the new provider. Kennesaw State University opted to use 470-578 (KSU) as their number prefix for the new phone numbers, outside of the normal geographical calling area for Kennesaw; 470-578 numbers are based in Atlanta Northeast and Kennesaw State University is located in the Atlanta Northwest calling area.
The entire metro Atlanta region with area codes 404, 770, 678, 470, and 943 is a local calling area, one of the largest in the United States, without long-distance charges for calls between area codes. All calls in the area are dialed with ten digits. In addition, calls to and from the Atlanta area with area codes 706 and 762, which serve most of north Georgia outside the metro area, are also local calls.
Service area
The numbering plan area 678/470/943 includes the counties of Barrow, Bartow, Butts, Carroll, Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Coweta, DeKalb, Douglas, Fayette, Forsyth, Fulton, Gwinnett, Hall, Haralson, Henry, Heard (part with area codes 706 and 762), Lamar, Meriwether (part with area codes 706 and 762), Newton, Oconee, Paulding, Pike, Polk, Rockdale, Spalding, and Walton.
See also
List of Georgia area codes
List of North American Numbering Plan area codes
References
External links
List of exchanges from Phone-Caller.com, 678 Area Code
Area codes in the United States
Area codes in Georgia (U.S. state)
1998 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
2010 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20codes%20678%2C%20470%2C%20and%20943 |
Root River may refer to:
Canada
Root River (Northwest Territories), a tributary of the Mackenzie River
Root River (Algoma District), a tributary of the St. Marys River
Root River (Kenora District), a tributary of Lac Seul
United States
Root River (Minnesota)
Root River (Wisconsin)
Root River State Trail, Minnesota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root%20River |
Performing rights are the right to perform music in public. It is part of copyright law and demands payment to the music's composer/lyricist and publisher (with the royalties generally split 50/50 between the two). Performances are considered "public" if they take place in a public place and the audience is outside of a normal circle of friends and family, including concerts nightclubs, restaurants etc. Public performance also includes broadcast and cable television, radio, and any other transmitted performance of a live song.
Permission to publicly perform a song must be obtained from the copyright holder or a collective rights organization.
By region
United States
In the United States, broadcasters can pay for their use of music in one of two ways: they can obtain permission/license directly from the music's copyright owner (usually the publisher), or they can obtain a license from ASCAP, BMI, SESAC to use all of the music in their repertoires. ASCAP, BMI and SESAC are the three performing rights societies in the U.S. and once they receive payment from the broadcasters they are responsible for compensating the music authors and publisher.
"Perform the copyrighted work"
The primary provisions governing the performing rights of the copyright owner are given under subsections 4 and 6 of § 106 of the U.S. Copyright Act. S.106 lists the exclusive rights held by the owner of copyright and subsections 4, 6 lists out the specific protected works that the owner can publicly perform. Subsection 6 was added in 1996 in order to allow owners of sound recordings the exclusive right to perform their work publicly. Before 1996, the owners of copyright in sound recordings did not enjoy any rights of public performance but after the amendment a limited right of public performance by means of a digital audio transmission was granted to sound recordings.
§101 of the Act explains that a work is performed when the work is recited, rendered, played, danced, or acted, either directly or by means of any device or process. The definition gets broader in the case of a motion picture or other audiovisual work where a work is performed when its images are shown in any sequence or when the sounds accompanying the work are audible. Due to the very broad definition of "perform" virtually every rendition of the copyrighted work would constitute a performance. In addition to the capricious definition, performances of musical compositions and the underlying sound recordings must be noted separately. Each time a rendition of a musical work is performed, the sound recording embodying that rendition is also performed, except of course when the musical work was first recorded. The reason to differentiate between the musical performance and the sound recording is that the copyrights may well be held by different parties and thus be governed by different rules.
To restrict this very wide right, only copyright owners have the right to perform their work publicly, but private performances are exempt from infringement. Though not providing a specific definition of "public" §101 of the Act defines public performance in two ways:
Public Place Clause This approach is based on the intuitive meaning of the word 'public'. Under §101, is performance is public when it is made to a gathering of a substantial number of people who are outside the performer's circle of family and friends. So, a restaurant playing a song on its radio, which can be heard by the patrons eating food, would constitute a public performance.
Transmission Clause A performance is also public when it is transmitted or communicated through any device or process to members of the public regardless of whether the public in question receive the performance in a single place and time, i.e., a transmission received by the public separately and individually would also constitute a public performance. Thus, a radio station transmitting a protected work through airwaves or analog waves or cable companies transmitting the protected works through cable directly into a person's home or any individual broadcasting the work on the internet would constitute a public performance under §101.
The CableVision Ruling
In the case of Cartoon Network, LP v. CSC Holdings, Inc., 536 F.3d 121 (2d Cir. 2008), a consortium of copyright holders including Turner Broadcasting, 20th Century Fox, Paramount Pictures and Disney along with their subsidiaries sued Cablevision for its "Remote DVR" technology which allowed people to pause, record, replay and rewind previously stored content. The plaintiff challenged this new technology on three grounds.
That even the brief retention of the slices of the protected work in the Broadband Media Router buffer infringed on the plaintiff's right to reproduce the work.
That the copies saved on the Cablevision hard drive also constituted an infringement on the plaintiff's right to reproduce the work.
That the transmission of the copyrighted work from the Cablevision servers to their customers infringed on their right to public performance of the work.
The Court of Appeal reversed the finding of the Trial Court and decided in Cablevision's favor. While rejecting the third contention raised by the plaintiff the court assumed for the sake of its argument that Cablevision was indeed responsible for the transmission. The Court observed that even though for the customer the Remote DVR worked the same way a set top DVR does, there existed a crucial difference in the two. Instead of sending signals from the remote control to an on-set box, the viewer sends signals through the cable to the Cablevision servers, which then deliver the program to the subscriber's home. So the Court believed that the Remote DVR more closely resembled a video-on-demand service, whereby a cable subscriber uses his cable box to request transmission of content, such as a movie, stored on computers at the cable company's facility. But unlike users of a video-on-demand service, Remote DVR users can only play content that they previously requested to be recorded. The Court ruled that since each subscriber would necessarily have to make her own unique copy of the work while requesting it, the transmission of that unique work would only be delivered to one person at a time. Only if Cablevision transmitted the work to multiple subscribers from the same exact copy would the work infringe upon the right of the owners to publicly perform the work. Thus, the clinching point in the case was the fact that each subscriber had to create their own personal copy of the copyrighted work. This fact was also emphasized by the solicitor general when advising the Supreme Court not to review the decision.
India
Section 13 of The Copyright Act, 1957 states that a copyright is allowed to exist in the following classes of works - (a) original literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works; (b) cinematograph films; and (c) sound recordings.
Section 2(d) of the Act defines the meaning of “author” of the work. According to section 2(d) (ii), the composer shall be the “author” of a musical work. However, sections 2(d)(v) and 2(d)(vi) were added to the Act by virtue of the 1994 amendment, according to which an author shall also be producer of the cinematograph film or sound recording; or “the person who causes the work to be created” when the literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work is computer-generated.
Section 17 deems the author of a work to be the “first owner” of the underlying copyright, subject to certain exceptions. The crux of these exceptions is that whenever an author creates a work during the course of employment of another, the employer (and not the author) will own the copyright unless there is a contract to the contrary. Section 14 of the Act accords certain rights in respect of owners of copyrighted works – the right of public performance (or communication to the public) being one of them. Section 14(a)(iii) allows the a literary, dramatic or musical work to be performed in public, or communicated to the public. Section 14(c)(ii) confers a similar right of communication to the public for artistic works, while sections 14(d)(iii) and 14(e)(iii) confer this right on cinematograph films and sound recordings respectively.
A recorded song would typically have 3 copyrights. The ‘musical work’ is the musical melody, harmony and rhythm, and the ‘literary work’ is the accompanying lyrics. The composer of the musical work is deemed to be the ‘author’ of the musical work and the person penning the lyrics in deemed to be the ‘author’ of the literary work. The third ‘work’ is the ‘sound recording’ which is created when the musical work and the literary work are recorded onto a fixed medium. The producer responsible for the recording is deemed to be the ‘author’ of the sound recording. Each of these works would be allowed their own separate set of rights (the right of public performance being one of them) under the Copyright Act, regardless of one work being created for another by virtue of an agreement. Therefore, even when a producer has engaged an artist to write a song, the producer’s copyright only extends to the song itself (referred to as a ‘synchronisation right’), and not the underlying lyrics, harmony, melody and rhythm – the rights for which would still vest with the original authors.
Section 13(4) of the Copyright Act recognizes the fact that a ‘sound-recording’ incorporated in a cinematograph film can continue to have an individual copyright, separate and distinct from the copyright in the cinematograph film. Similarly, this provision also recognizes that a musical work and literary work incorporated in a ‘sound-recording’ can have individual copyrights that are distinct from the copyright in the sound recording. Therefore, the law recognizes each category of works as a separate property right that is protected by itself despite being incorporated into another work. Thus, the composer of a musical work or the author of a literary work can continue to maintain copyright in their works despite licensing the same to the producer for the creation of a ‘sound-recording’. The same stands true for a ‘sound recording’ that is incorporated into a cinematograph film.
However, the Supreme Court has ignored the ambit of section 13(4) in the past, specifically with regard to public performance. In Indian Performing Rights Society v Eastern Indian Motion Pictures Association & Ors., it was held that once the author of a lyric or a musical work parts with his portion of his copyright by authorizing a film producer to incorporate it in a cinematographic film, the producer acquires the exclusive right of performing the work in public, without having to secure any further permission of the author of the musical work or lyric. The Court ignored the idea contained in section 13(4), that authors of musical works retain an independent right of public performance even after licensing the same for incorporation in a film. The Court merely relied on the text of section 17, holding that in the absence of a contract to the contrary, the film producers would be exclusive owners of the copyrighted works which were incorporated into their films.
The Legislature sought to negate the effect of the Court's judgement by enacting the Copyright (Amendment) Act 2012. As a result of this amendment, the authors would own their rights in the music and lyrics even if they were created for the purpose of a cinematograph film, regardless of anything mentioned in section 17. Once the synchronisation rights in the music have been licensed to the producers of the cinematograph film, the authors continue to own the remaining rights such as the public performance rights in the music and lyrics. These remaining rights too could be licensed away by the authors but the authors would be entitled to certain minimum royalties.
The 2012 Amendment Act was repealed in January 2018 by the Repealing and Amending (Second) Act, 2017.
See also
Copyright collective
Performer rights
United States v. ASCAP
References
Copyright law
Music licensing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performing%20rights |
In mathematics, especially functional analysis, a Fréchet algebra, named after Maurice René Fréchet, is an associative algebra over the real or complex numbers that at the same time is also a (locally convex) Fréchet space. The multiplication operation for is required to be jointly continuous.
If is an increasing family of seminorms for
the topology of , the joint continuity of multiplication is equivalent to there being a constant and integer for each such that for all . Fréchet algebras are also called B0-algebras.
A Fréchet algebra is -convex if there exists such a family of semi-norms for which . In that case, by rescaling the seminorms, we may also take for each and the seminorms are said to be submultiplicative: for all -convex Fréchet algebras may also be called Fréchet algebras.
A Fréchet algebra may or may not have an identity element . If is unital, we do not require that as is often done for Banach algebras.
Properties
Continuity of multiplication. Multiplication is separately continuous if and for every and sequence converging in the Fréchet topology of . Multiplication is jointly continuous if and imply . Joint continuity of multiplication is part of the definition of a Fréchet algebra. For a Fréchet space with an algebra structure, if the multiplication is separately continuous, then it is automatically jointly continuous.
Group of invertible elements. If is the set of invertible elements of , then the inverse map is continuous if and only if is a set. Unlike for Banach algebras, may not be an open set. If is open, then is called a -algebra. (If happens to be non-unital, then we may adjoin a unit to and work with , or the set of quasi invertibles may take the place of .)
Conditions for -convexity. A Fréchet algebra is -convex if and only if for every, if and only if for one, increasing family of seminorms which topologize , for each there exists and such that for all and . A commutative Fréchet -algebra is -convex, but there exist examples of non-commutative Fréchet -algebras which are not -convex.
Properties of -convex Fréchet algebras. A Fréchet algebra is -convex if and only if it is a countable projective limit of Banach algebras. An element of is invertible if and only if its image in each Banach algebra of the projective limit is invertible.
Examples
Zero multiplication. If is any Fréchet space, we can make a Fréchet algebra structure by setting for all .
Smooth functions on the circle. Let be the 1-sphere. This is a 1-dimensional compact differentiable manifold, with no boundary. Let be the set of infinitely differentiable complex-valued functions on . This is clearly an algebra over the complex numbers, for pointwise multiplication. (Use the product rule for differentiation.) It is commutative, and the constant function acts as an identity. Define a countable set of seminorms on by where denotes the supremum of the absolute value of the th derivative . Then, by the product rule for differentiation, we have where denotes the binomial coefficient and The primed seminorms are submultiplicative after re-scaling by .
Sequences on . Let be the space of complex-valued sequences on the natural numbers . Define an increasing family of seminorms on by With pointwise multiplication, is a commutative Fréchet algebra. In fact, each seminorm is submultiplicative for . This -convex Fréchet algebra is unital, since the constant sequence is in .
Equipped with the topology of uniform convergence on compact sets, and pointwise multiplication, , the algebra of all continuous functions on the complex plane , or to the algebra of holomorphic functions on .
Convolution algebra of rapidly vanishing functions on a finitely generated discrete group. Let be a finitely generated group, with the discrete topology. This means that there exists a set of finitely many elements such that: Without loss of generality, we may also assume that the identity element of is contained in . Define a function by Then , and , since we define . Let be the -vector space where the seminorms are defined by is an -convex Fréchet algebra for the convolution multiplication is unital because is discrete, and is commutative if and only if is Abelian.
Non -convex Fréchet algebras. The Aren's algebra is an example of a commutative non--convex Fréchet algebra with discontinuous inversion. The topology is given by norms and multiplication is given by convolution of functions with respect to Lebesgue measure on .
Generalizations
We can drop the requirement for the algebra to be locally convex, but still a complete metric space. In this case, the underlying space may be called a Fréchet space or an F-space.
If the requirement that the number of seminorms be countable is dropped, the algebra becomes locally convex (LC) or locally multiplicatively convex (LMC). A complete LMC algebra is called an Arens-Michael algebra.
Open problems
Perhaps the most famous, still open problem of the theory of topological algebras is whether all linear multiplicative functionals on an -convex Frechet algebra are continuous. The statement that this be the case is known as Michael's Conjecture.
Notes
Citations
Sources | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9chet%20algebra |
Off Our Backs (stylized in all lowercase; oob) was an American radical feminist periodical that ran from 1970 to 2008. It began publishing on February 27, 1970, with a twelve-page tabloid first issue. From 2002 the editors adapted it into a bimonthly journal.
Off Our Backs was edited and published by a collective of women who practiced consensus decision-making. Marilyn Salzman Webb, Heidi Steffens, Marlene Wicks, Colette Reid, and Norma Lesser formed the original Off Our Backs collective. The staff later consisted of Carol Anne Douglas, Tacie Dejanikus, Amaya Roberson, Sherri Whatley, Laura Butterbaugh, Farar Elliott, Angie Manzano, Karla Mantilla, Jennie Ruby, Jenn Smith, Alice Henry, and Angie Young.
Off Our Backs was last published in 2008 due to financial trouble.
The editorial statement from the first issue in February 1970 states that Off Our Backs "is a paper for all women who are fighting for the liberation of their lives and we hope it will grow and expand to meet the needs of women from all backgrounds and classes." The editors ask readers to "use this paper to relate what you are doing and what you are thinking, for we are convinced that a woman speaking from the agony of her own struggle has a voice that can touch the experience of all women."
Archives of Off Our Backs are housed at Hornbake Library, University of Maryland.
The title of the magazine On Our Backs (one of the first women-run erotica magazines and one of the first magazines to feature lesbian erotica for a lesbian audience in the United States) was a satirical reference to Off Our Backs, which the founders of On Our Backs considered prudish about sexuality. Off Our Backs regarded the new magazine as "pseudo-feminist" and threatened legal action over the logo OOB.
See also
List of lesbian periodicals
References
Bimonthly magazines published in the United States
LGBT-related magazines published in the United States
Defunct women's magazines published in the United States
English-language magazines
Feminism in Washington, D.C.
Feminist magazines
Lesbian culture in Washington, D.C.
Lesbian feminist literature
Magazines established in 1970
Magazines disestablished in 2008
Magazines published in Washington, D.C.
Radical feminist literature
Women's studies journals
1970 establishments in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off%20Our%20Backs |
Cathy O'Brien (born December 4, 1957) is an American conspiracy theorist and author who claims to have been a victim of a government mind control program called "Project Monarch", which she alleges was part of the CIA's Project MKUltra. O'Brien made these assertions in Trance Formation of America (1995) and Access Denied: For Reasons of National Security (2004), both of which she co-authored and self-published with her husband, Mark Phillips. According to scholars, there is no credible evidence for O'Brien's claims and there are numerous inconsistencies with her story.
Conspiracy theories
In Trance Formation of America, O'Brien claims that as a child, she was first sexually abused by her father as well as by a network of child pornographers. Supposedly, she was then forced by the CIA to participate in Project Monarch, which she claims is a subsection of Project MKUltra and Project ARTICHOKE. According to O'Brien, under hypnosis she was able to recall memories of sexual abuse — of both herself and her daughter — by international pedophile rings, drug barons, and satanists, who allegedly used a form of "trauma based mind control programming" to make her a sex slave.
O'Brien accuses a wide range of prominent individuals — from American, Canadian, Mexican, and Saudi Arabian government officials, to stars of the country music scene — of being part of a Project Monarch conspiracy to operate sex slave rings and commit child abuse. For example, O'Brien claims that George H. W. Bush and Miguel de la Madrid used holograms to appear to her in altered forms, saying that "Bush apparently activated a hologram of the lizard-like 'alien,' which provided the illusion of Bush transforming like a chameleon before my eyes. In retrospect, I understand that Bush had been painstakingly careful in positioning our seats in order that the hologram's effectiveness be maximized."
O'Brien claims Project Monarch caused her to develop multiple personality disorder but during alternate personality episodes, she has photographic recall. O'Brien's Trance Formation of America has been credited as originating "one of the most significant" and "extreme" mind control conspiracy theories, and her claim of links between satanic ritual abuse and MKUltra have influenced popular conspiracy culture.
Religious and political scholars have criticized O'Brien's claims for their lack of any supporting evidence. David G. Robertson characterized them as symptomatic of "baseless" moral panic and noted that "no-one has ever been prosecuted of such crimes nor has any corroborating material evidence ever been produced". According to scholar Michael Barkun, "scholarly and journalistic treatments of MKUltra make no mention of a Project Monarch". Barkun describes O'Brien's account as "sensational even by the standards of conspiracy literature" and notes that even black helicopter conspiracy theorist Jim Keith considered it "fraudulent or delusional". Jodi Dean cited O'Brien's claims as an example of conspiracy theorists' tendency to excessive "leaps in imagination and willingness to deviate from common sense".
Bibliography
O'Brien self-publishes her books.
References
1957 births
Living people
American conspiracy theorists
American women writers
Mind control
People from Muskegon, Michigan
Project MKUltra
Satanic ritual abuse
Writers from Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathy%20O%27Brien%20%28conspiracy%20theorist%29 |
Varsity Show is a 1937 American musical film directed by William Keighley from a script by Jerry Wald, Richard Macaulay, Warren Duff and Sig Herzig and starring Dick Powell, Fred Waring and Waring's Pennsylvanians, Ted Healy, and Priscilla Lane. Released by Warner Bros., it features songs by Richard A. Whiting and many others. The finale was directed by Busby Berkeley.
Plot
The film follows a group of students at fictional Winfield College who butt heads with their faculty advisor while producing the annual Varsity Show. They decide to enlist help from an alumnus, Chuck Daly (Dick Powell), who is now a Broadway producer, to direct the show. What they don't know is that Daly's last three shows were big flops.
Professor Biddle, Winfield's drama professor, wants a production in the fine tradition of College Circa 1900. The students want to stage a show that is au courant, backed by Professor Mason, Biddle's assistant. Inevitably, Daly and the students clash with the stodgy Biddle. There is also the complication that Hollywood wants Chuck to come out and direct a musical, and is pressing him for an answer.
A series of humorous events ensues, including an outbreak of mumps Chuck uses to temporarily get Biddle out of the picture; a counterstroke by Biddle involving exams that must be passed for the students to maintain eligibility for student activities; and a student strike protesting Biddle's continuing as producer of the Varsity Show that attracts national attention. On learning the Hollywood offer has been withdrawn and in need of money, Daly returns to New York City and signs a contract to perform in another show.
The Winfield students aren't willing to give up on Chuck. Led by Professor Mason, they follow him to the city. They take over the Stuyvesant Theater, and give their first performance to a significant percentage of the NYPD, the local National Guard unit, and the Mayor, who all came to eject them from their illegal occupation of the theater. The Varsity Show opens on Broadway with great success, and Daly's reputation as a producer is rehabilitated.
Cast
Dick Powell as Charles 'Chuck' Daly
Fred Waring and His Pennsylvanians as Fred Waring Orchestra
Ted Healy as William Williams
Rosemary Lane as Barbara 'Babs' Steward
Priscilla Lane as Betty Bradley
Walter Catlett as Professor Sylvester Biddle
Johnnie Davis as Buzz Bolton
Ford Washington Lee as Buck
John William Sublett as Bubbles
Fred Waring as Ernie Mason
Lee Dixon (actor) as Johnny 'Rubberlegs' Stevens
Sterling Holloway as Trout
Mabel Todd as Cuddles
Scotty Bates as Scotty
George MacFarland as Hap
Poley McClintock as Poley
Production
In 1937, Fred Waring was approached to play a starring role in this film. He brought his famous glee club, the Pennsylvanians, to the shoot and planned on using the college glee club from Pomona College ("Winfield College" in the movie) for additional singers. When Waring arrived at the campus he found the Glee Club conductor was ill but his replacement was Robert Shaw. Shaw followed Fred Waring, after the movie was finished, to New York. There, Shaw founded the Collegiate Chorale and the Robert Shaw Chorale. Robert Shaw went on to be one of the most important personalities in American choral music in the 20th century.
References
External links
Bibliography
Green, Stanley (1999) Hollywood Musicals Year by Year (2nd ed.), pub. Hal Leonard Corporation page 72
1937 films
1937 musical films
American black-and-white films
American musical films
1930s English-language films
Films directed by William Keighley
Films scored by Ray Heindorf
Films scored by Heinz Roemheld
Films set in universities and colleges
Warner Bros. films
1930s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varsity%20Show%20%28film%29 |
A drain commissioner is an elected official in county government of the U.S. state of Michigan who is responsible for planning, developing and maintaining surface water drainage systems under Public Act 40 of 1956. In counties with a population under 12,000, the office of drain commissioner may be abolished with its statutory duties and responsibilities performed by the county's board of road commissioners. Unlike other county-wide officeholders, drain commissioners were created by statute and are not mandated by the Michigan Constitution. Drain commissioners are elected on the partisan ballot in presidential election years for a term of four years.
History and reform
The office of drain commissioner dates to Michigan's statehood in 1837, as much of the state's land was swamps and wetlands. An early bill passed by the Michigan Legislature was a drainage act, which led to the creation of drain commissioners at the township level. In 1897, township drain commissioners were abolished and the position was transferred to county government.
Over the years, proposals have been made to reform and even abolish the office. Successful efforts have changed the law to allow individual counties to rename the office to public works commissioner or water resources commissioner.
An unsuccessful reform proposal in 2009 was led by the then-drain commissioner of Cheboygan County, Dennis Lennox, who sought to abolish the office in counties with a population of less than 35,000. This proposal was introduced in both houses of the Legislature after being approved by the Cheboygan County Board of Commissioners.
In 2012, the Schoolcraft County Board of Commissioners abolished the office of drain commissioner and transferred its duties and responsibilities to the county's road commissioners.
Duties and responsibilities
It is the only elected office in Michigan that can directly levy taxes and borrow money without a vote of the people. This led one drain commissioner to declare he is more powerful than the governor. While the powers of the drain commissioner are immense, the office has become a sinecure in some counties, meaning it requires little to no responsibility.
Nevertheless, drain commissioners are responsible for overseeing the county's drains. In Michigan, a drain may be a natural or artificial creek or ditch, or a massive pipe for carrying storm water. The territory served by a particular drain, its watershed, is typically organized as a drainage district and the drain commissioner levies tax assessments and directs construction or maintenance of drains and culverts on behalf of each district. Drainage districts are public corporations, with legal rights similar to other political subdivisions of state government. Counties typically have dozens even hundreds of drainage districts.
See also
Government of Michigan
Drainage law
References
External links
Michigan Association of County Drain Commissioners
Local government in Michigan
Water law in the United States
Government occupations
Land management in the United States
Water management | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drain%20commissioner |
Katnip Kollege is a 1938 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Cal Howard and Cal Dalton. The short was released on June 11, 1938.
Plot
In the "Swingology" classroom at Katnip Kollege, the Professor (a parody of Kay Kyser) requires each student to sing their lessons to a jazz rhythm, all the while singing "The Merry-Go-Round Broke Down". Johnny Cat just doesn't have it, and as a result, he has to stay after class wearing the dunce cap. Kitty Bright returns his fraternity ring as she leaves the room, telling him to call her when he learns how to swing.
That night, as all the other cats jam at an outdoor caterwaul, Johnny is suddenly inspired by the rhythm of a Pendulum clock. He runs to join the group and shocks everyone with a flawlessly jazzy rendition of "Easy as Rollin' Off a Log" sung (and trumpeted) to Kitty. At the end of the song the two cats actually roll off the log they were using as a stage, and Kitty covers Johnny's face with kisses. .
Voice Cast and Crew
Voice Cast
Johnnie "Scat" Davis voices Johnny Cat
Mabel Todd voices Kitty Bright
George "Spanky" McFarland voices Mr. Jones
Singing Groups: Fred Waring's Glee Club
Crew Members
Film Edited by Treg Brown (uncredited)
Orchestration by Milt Franklyn (uncredited)
Uncredited Animation by Rod Scribner, Volney White, Herman Cohen
Visual Backgrounds Supervised by Art Loomer (uncredited)
Music
The music in the short is pieced together from a number of contemporary Warner Brothers features. The featured song, "Easy as Rollin' Off a Log", is written by M. K. Jerome and Jack Scholl and sung by Johnnie Davis and Mabel Todd in the 1937 film Over the Goal . Other songs used include "You're an Education" by Al Dubin and Harry Warren which was written for, but never used in Warner Brothers' 1938 feature film Gold Diggers in Paris and the Richard A. Whiting/Johnny Mercer song "We're Working our Way through College" from Warner Brothers' 1937 feature Varsity Show. Carl Stalling supervised the music soundtrack.
James Taylor’s music video “As Easy As Rolling Off A Log” contains clips from this cartoon, accompanied by Taylor’s recording sessions.
Home media
Though a frame of the original titles has been discovered, Warner Bros. does not restore frames or non-35mm prints, hence the Blue Ribbon titles were restored on the DVD copy.
LaserDisc - The Golden Age of Looney Tunes, Volume 1 (unrestored)
DVD - Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 2, Disc 4 (interpositive restoration, SD)
DVD/Blu-Ray - Looney Tunes Platinum Collection: Volume 1, Disc 2 (restored in HD)
DVD/Blu-Ray - Looney Tunes Musical Masterpieces
DVD/Blu-Ray - The Adventures of Robin Hood (included as a bonus)
References
External links
1938 films
Merrie Melodies short films
Warner Bros. Cartoons animated short films
Films directed by Cal Dalton
Films scored by Carl Stalling
1938 animated films
1930s Warner Bros. animated short films
Films set in schools
1930s English-language films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katnip%20Kollege |
The Ellis Island Casino & Brewery is located near the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The casino offers 350 gaming devices, as well as restaurants, a Karaoke bar and a brewery.
History
The Village Pub was opened in 1967 by Frank Ellis, who eventually passed it on to his son, Gary.
The name was changed to Ellis Island in 1985. On September 19, 1997, Ellis Island opened a large portion of a $12 million renovation and expansion, which doubled its slot machine count to 410 and introduced table games by adding six blackjack tables.
In 1995 Ellis relaunched the Village Pub brand. As of 2020, the family owns and operates 12 Village Pub restaurants in the Las Vegas area.
Ellis agreed in 2004 to manage and take joint ownership of the nearby Tuscany Suites and Casino, which had struggled to attract customers in its first year. The agreement fell apart when Tuscany officials allegedly backed out.
Later that year, Ellis signed on to the planned 46-story Aqua Blue condo-hotel project to replace an adjacent Super 8 motel. Ellis Island would manage the Aqua Blue casino, and would itself be renovated to match the new tower. However, the project was cancelled in June 2005, due in part to rising construction costs.
In 2014 Ellis bought the adjacent Super 8 motel, creating a vertically integrated hotel and casino business. In 2018, the hotel's rooms and facilities were renovated.
Planning for an expansion project began in 2017, with construction work commencing later that year. After some delays, in December 2019 Ellis Island opened the "Front Yard" with a new restaurant, bar and beer garden.
Brewery
In 1993, Ellis established a brewery on the premise and tasked brewmaster Joe Pickett with brewing a variety of beers for the casino's restaurants. Regular brews include Lager, Light Lager, Amber Ale, India Pale Ale, Hefeweizen, Stout and Root Beer, as well as seasonal specials.
With 3345 barrels produced in 2009, Ellis Island Brewery was the largest brewpub in the Mountain West region (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming).
In 2018, the brewhouse capacity was doubled and two new brewmasters, Eddie Leal and Michael Key, were hired to run the brewing business.
In December 2018, Ellis established Silver Reef Brewing Company in St. George, Utah, adding annual capacity of up to 10,000 barrels to the brewing business.
In 2022, the on-site brewery at the Las Vegas casino was dismantled. Beer production continues at Silver Reef Brewing.
See also
Beer in the United States
References
External links
Ellis Island Casino & Brewery
Casinos in the Las Vegas Valley
Beer brewing companies based in Nevada
Buildings and structures in Paradise, Nevada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellis%20Island%20Casino%20%26%20Brewery |
Stuart Kirk Inman (August 2, 1926 – January 30, 2007) was an American basketball player, coach and executive. He was selected in the sixth round of the 1950 NBA draft from San Jose State University by the Chicago Stags; however, he did not play in the NBA.
Early life and education
Inman played college basketball at San Jose State from 1947 to 1950. As a senior, he averaged 14.9 points.
Coaching career
After graduating from San Jose State, Inman became head coach at Madera High School in Madera, California for a season, then was head coach at Theodore Roosevelt High School in Fresno from 1951 to 1953. He then moved up to the junior college level as head coach at Santa Ana City College from 1953 to 1955, then at Orange Coast Junior College from 1955 to 1957. From 1957 to 1960, Inman was an assistant coach at San Jose State before serving as head coach from 1960 to 1966.
Executive career
In 1970, Inman was one of several people who started the expansion Portland Trail Blazers NBA franchise, and initially served as chief scout. He also served as interim coach at the end of the 1971–72 season, after Rolland Todd was fired midway through the season. Inman played a significant role in the building of Portland Trail Blazers' 1976–77 NBA championship team, acquiring Bill Walton, Geoff Petrie, Larry Steele, Lloyd Neal, Lionel Hollins, Bobby Gross, Wally Walker and Johnny Davis through the draft, signed Dave Twardzik after the American Basketball Association folded, and selected Maurice Lucas in the ABA dispersal draft. Inman later served as the team's general manager from 1981 through 1986.
As the general manager for the Trail Blazers, Inman selected the oft-injured Kentucky center Sam Bowie with the number-two pick in the 1984 NBA draft, one spot ahead of the Chicago Bulls who selected Michael Jordan. At the time Portland already had shooting guards (Clyde Drexler and Jim Paxson) and were in need of a center. Inman reflected on the move in 1992, telling The Palm Beach Post, "There's really no excuse. [...] I knew Michael Jordan; I spent that summer with Bobby Knight and that Olympic team and I can't say I saw that greatness that would manifest itself."
Inman worked for the Milwaukee Bucks as their director of player personnel from 1986 to 1987. He was the director of player personnel for the Miami Heat from the team's inception in 1987 to 1992. He served as a consultant to Dallas Mavericks head coach Quinn Buckner during the 1993–94 season. He later served as an assistant coach at Lake Oswego High School.
He died at age 80 in Lake Oswego, Oregon of a heart attack.
Head coaching record
College
NBA
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References
Additional sources
External links
Basketball-Reference.com: Stu Inman
1926 births
2007 deaths
Place of birth missing
Amateur Athletic Union men's basketball players
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from California
Basketball players from Alameda County, California
Centers (basketball)
Chicago Stags draft picks
High school basketball coaches in California
Junior college men's basketball coaches in the United States
Portland Trail Blazers executives
Portland Trail Blazers head coaches
San Jose State Spartans men's basketball coaches
San Jose State Spartans men's basketball players
Sportspeople from Lake Oswego, Oregon
Sportspeople from Portland, Oregon
Basketball players from Portland, Oregon | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stu%20Inman |
Diploderma splendidum, the green striped tree dragon, also called splendid japalure, is an agamid lizard found in the Yangtze River Basin of southwestern China. They are sold as pets internationally.
Description
The top of head is covered with medium-sized, subequal, rugose, juxtaposed scales. On the snout a median series of three or four slightly enlarged subconical scales forms a faintly indicated ridge, which is flanked on each side by a considerably enlarged anterior canthal scale. No other head scales are conspicuously enlarged, except one or two on each side of the post-occipital areas. The rostral is twice as wide as high, and wider but lower than the mental. The canthus rostralis is sharply defined and continuous with the superciliaries. The nostril resides in a large suboval shield, separated from the rostral by a single small scale, is in contact with the first labial, and is separated from the second labial by a single small shield. There are eight upper labials - with the sixth below the center of the eye - and ten lower labials. The orbit is separated from the upper labials by three rows of shields, the middle row being much enlarged. A short series of about three enlarged shields are found above the tympanic region, and above these are a few, elongated, almost spine-like scales. The nuchal crest is very feeble, and is composed of about eight or nine slightly enlarged, denticulate scales; it is continuous with the even more feebly developed dorsal crest. There is a faintly indicated fold anterior to the insertion of the forelimb; a large area is covered with tiny almost granular scales above the insertion of the forelimb. The back and sides is covered with imbricate, strongly keeled scales, which vary somewhat in size. Somewhat enlarged scales are abundantly scattered over the whole back and sides, and generally tend to form longitudinal series (more so than in Diploderma flaviceps, also with the largest scales far less conspicuously enlarged). The scales of the throat and belly are small, about equal in size, and are strongly keeled. When extended forward, the hind limb reaches the anterior border of the orbit or slightly beyond. The scales of both the forelimbs and hind limbs are strongly keeled and are unequal in size.
The type specimen - an adult male - was described as having a dark brown head which was conspicuously marked with yellow spots and streaks above and on the sides. In addition, a yellow band extended from behind the nostril, beneath the eye and above the labials, to below the tympanic area. The rostral and three anterior labials were yellow, while the others were dark. The back was a uniform dark brown with a broad and conspicuous light stripe on each side, and a broad dark zone below the light stripes. The belly and tail were dusky, the latter having irregular darker bands. The throat was conspicuously longitudinally streaked with brown on a yellow background.
Habitat
D. splendidum is native to the temperate yet humid lowland jungles surrounding the Yangtze River in southwestern China.
Diet
While primarily insectivorous, recent research on the gut flora of D. splendidum suggest that - due to the presence of bacteria responsible for anaerobic fermentation and the digestion of fiber - this species may occasionally be herbivorous.
Relationship with humans
Through samples of bacterial flora of the gut and oral cavity, a total of 26 species of potential human pathogens were identified in wild specimens of D. splendidum, which were namely:
Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium baratii, Clostridium botulinum, Fusobacterium mortiferum, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Listeria monocytogenes, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae that were found in both the gut and oral cavity, while Fusobacterium russii, Prevotella denticola, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella loescheii, Enterococcus durans, Streptococcus minor, Streptobacillus moniliformis, Lactococcus garvieae, Comamonas testosterone, Enterococcus cecorum, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Bartonella rattaustraliani, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and Yersinia enterocolitica were found only in the gut.
Due to these findings, Tian et al. concluded that keeping D. splendidum in captivity could lead to a high risk of the potential spread of infectious diseases through bite wounds or water or food contaminated with feces.
References
Diploderma
Endemic fauna of China
Reptiles of China
Reptiles described in 1919
Taxa named by Thomas Barbour
Taxa named by Emmett Reid Dunn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diploderma%20splendidum |
Olympism refers to the philosophy of the Olympic Games. The fundamental principles of Olympism are outlined in the Olympic Charter.
Olympism is a philosophy that seeks to blend sport with culture, education, and international cooperation. It emphasizes the joy of effort, the educational value of good examples, social responsibility, and respect for universal ethical principles. The ultimate goal is to use sport as a means of promoting the development of humankind and preserving human dignity.
The principles of Olympism include the idea that the ability to participate in sports is a basic human right. Olympism emphasizes that individuals should have equal access to sports without discrimination and that these activities should be done in a spirit of fairness and camaraderie.
Non-discrimination is a fundamental aspect of Olympism. It holds that individuals should be able to participate in sports without facing discrimination based on factors such as race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, and socioeconomic status.
Individuals who follow or support Olympism may refer to their actions as "fostering personal development."
Some individuals have expressed skepticism towards Olympism, stating that it is an ideal that may not be fully achievable. They also point out instances where the games have not met their stated goals.
Olympism in action
Six activities are currently included within Olympism in Action. Activities include Development through Sport, Education through Sport, Peace through Sport, Sport and the Environment, Sport for All, and Women and Sport. These activities are endorsed by the Olympic Movement.
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) supports Development through Sport by working with the United Nations (UN) and other governmental agencies to help people perceive, gain, and understand the world around them through athletics. For Education through Sports, the IOC created the Olympic Values Education Programme (OVEP) to teach its participants about the advantages of being physically active and playing sports. IOC President Thomas Bach has shown his support for Peace through Sport by stating "The Olympic athletes show the whole world that it is possible to compete with each other while living peacefully together. In this world of uncertainty that we are living in today, the Olympic Games are even more relevant than ever.”
To support its idea for Sport and the Environment, the IOC is a principal support partner for the Sustainable Sport and Events (SSE) Toolkit created by great organizations. The toolkit focuses on how National Olympic Committees should go about choosing a city or cities to host, as well as construction for the venue, transportation, and accommodation for athletes and visitors. The IOC works towards Sport for All to offer access to sports to everyone, no matter their gender, race, or social class. Women in Sport is the IOC's way to continue to support and improve gender equality. They do this by creating “leadership development, advocacy and awareness campaigns” and putting more women in leadership roles in the committee.
However, the principle of non-discrimination is not always followed by IOC: during 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis IOC EB recommends no participation of Russian and Belarusian athletes and officials, urges International Sports Federations and organizers of sports events worldwide to do everything in their power to ensure that no athlete or sports official from Russia or Belarus be allowed to take part under the name of Russia or Belarus.
References
Olympic culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympism |
Evan Whitton (5 March 1928 – 16 July 2018) was an Australian journalist.
Whitton was raised in Murgon in Queensland, and went away to boarding school at age eight. He worked as a teacher for 14 years in Toowoomba before securing a ful-time role as a journalist with The Toowoomba Chronicle. He then worked as a reporter for the Melbourne newspaper Truth before working briefly for the new Sunday Australian in 1971. During the 1970s Whitton worked for The National Times where he became assistant editor from 1975 to 1978 and editor from 1978 to 1981. He then moved to the Sydney Morning Herald as chief reporter. After a period as Reader in Journalism at the University of Queensland from 1990, he was a columnist with the online legal journal Justinian. Much of his later writing focussed on analysis and comparison of the investigative and adversarial systems of justice.
Whitton won five Walkley Awards, for Best Newspaper Feature Story in 1967 and 1975, Best Piece of Newspaper Reporting in 1970, and Best Story Published in an Australian Magazine in 1973 and 1974.
In 1983 he was awarded the Graham Perkin Australian Journalist of the Year award and in 2011 was made an inaugural member of the Australian Media Hall of Fame.
Whitton died on 16 July 2018, aged 90.
Early life and education
Whitton was born in Muswellbrook NSW on 5 March 1928 to Thomas Evan Whitton and Bernice Collopy.
Whitton’s father had been among the earliest volunteers to sign up to serve in World War 1, fighting at Gallipoli and at Pozieres on the Western Front where he was badly wounded, eventually requiring the amputation of both legs.
On his eventual repatriation to Australia and recuperation, he purchased, with his backpay, the Muswellbrook Chronicle newspaper in partnership with his brother-in-law and remained the joint owner of the newspaper from 1921 to 1936.
Whitton’s mother, a nurse, had cared for his father through his recuperation before marrying him in 1925.
In 1936 Whitton’s father moved the family to Murgon, a small town 270 km north-west of Brisbane where he ran a newsagency and stationery store. From 1938 to 1946 Whitton attended Downlands College, a Catholic boarding school in Toowoomba run by the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart.
Teaching career and rugby involvement
On completing his studies at Downlands, Whitton attended Queensland Teachers College and, in the early 1950’s, returned to Downlands teaching mainly English and social studies eventually becoming senior English master. He also coached the college’s senior rugby union team. Whitton remained as a teacher at the college for 14 years. Whitton was a keen rugby union player, administrator and coach and, along with a few others, is credited with keeping the game alive in what is a rugby league stronghold. Whitton was involved in Toowoomba rugby in the 1950’s as a player and official before the game folded in the area in 1960. In 1963, he was part of a group that reformed the Toowoomba Rangers club side to play in the Brisbane competition and then, from 1964, in the newly established Darling Downs Risdon Cup competition. During this period Whitton also began writing as a stringer for the Toowoomba Chronicle. He lived near Downlands and was seen as something of an eccentric in regional Queensland terms, driving a red Mini Minor, frequently sporting a woollen flat cap, scarf and coat with leather elbow patches and carrying an old leather brief case. He wrote on rugby union for The Chronicle under the nom de plum “Twickers” (a popular name for Twickenham Stadium, the English Rugby Football Union’s headquarters in London). His writing differed to the formularised sports writing of the time showing a little of the sardonic style that was to become his trademark. For instance, he wrote of new players recruited for the Rangers thus: “Some are a little vague as to how to comport themselves in the rucks, but this is no reason for despair – not too many of the club’s senior team have a profound grasp of the technique either”.
He also established a rugby library at Downlands and had it opened by the president of the Australian Rugby Union.
Journalism
In 1964 Whitton joined the staff of The Chronicle as a full-time journalist and in January 1966 he took up a position with the newspaper, Truth, in Melbourne. At Truth, a weekly tabloid devoted to smut and scandal, he worked under the editorship of Fleet Street veteran Solly Chandler. Mark Day, a columnist for The Australian and former part-owner of Truth, said Whitton regarded the tabloid as a place where he could do “something noble in the art of muckraking and shedding light”.
Whitton wrote about the corrupt underbelly of Victoria during the Liberal premiership of Henry Bolte and his deputy Sir Arthur Rylah, winning two Walkley awards for his work. Whitton won his first Walkley for Best Newspaper Feature story in 1967 for a report on living as a pensioner in Melbourne and his second, in 1970, for his 1969 coverage of Bertram Wainer’s allegations of police extortion from abortion clinics which led to the 1970 Board of Inquiry into Allegations of Corruption in the Police Force in Connection with Illegal Abortion headed by William Kaye AO QC. Whitton also wrote on the disappearance of the, then, Liberal Prime Minister, Harold Holt in 1967 and on the hanging of Ronald Ryan, Australia’s last execution.
While the story of police corruption and abortion for Truth made Whitton’s name, he also, when not busy with more significant matters, wrote what he called soft porn for the paper that thrived on both substance and sex.
In 1971 he moved briefly to News Ltd’s short lived The Sunday Australian in Sydney. While there he and his second wife, Noela, combined to produce an expose of the political dealings behind the case of Rupert Maxwell Stuart, an indigenous man who was wrongly convicted of the rape and murder of a nine year old girl in South Australia and, at one stage, sentenced to death. Unable to interest his editors in the story, he travelled to South Australia with his wife at his own expense where, with some difficulty, he managed to secure an interview for them both with Stuart. However, Whitton could still not convince the editors of The Sunday Australian nor his former editors at Truth to publish a story on the case and instead it was offered to The Digger, a new, alternative journal. The front page report in the inaugural issue drew national interest. The story appeared under the by line of “Nola McMahon” a pseudonym for his wife, Noela, and Whitton’s presence at the interview was made invisible. Stuart was eventually freed by the Don Dunstan government in 1973.
Around the same time Whitton wrote, seeking employment, to an old rugby union opponent from his time in the Brisbane competition, V J Carrol, who was then the editor-in-chief of the Australian Financial Review and the nascent National Times. Carroll, took him on and Whitton commenced under the editorship of M.V. (Max) Suich at the National Times and Carroll more broadly.
At the National Times, a weekly paper focussing on politics, social mores, and corruption, Whitton produced acclaimed post-mortems on the Petrov Affair, the HMAS Voyager disaster and the Vietnam war. The latter, his most significant work during this time, was “a three part, 25,000 word dissection of the disastrous decision-making and rhetorical casuistry that led to Australia’s military involvement in the Vietnam War”. His exhaustive research was published in April 19, 1975 just as Saigon was about to fall to the National Liberation Front and the North Vietnamese Army. The investigation exploded the myth that then prime minister, Robert Menzies had sent his troops to war as a loyal US ally. Damning diplomatic documents confirmed it was Menzies who had pushed the US into war.
Whitton went on to become assistant editor of the National Times from 1975 to 1978 and editor from 1978 to 1981.
In 1981 he moved to the Sydney Morning Herald as Chief Reporter. While there he covered what was referred to as the Wran Royal Commission which inquired into corruption allegations surrounding the then NSW Chief Stipendiary Magistrate, Murray Farquhar.
In 1983 Whitton won the Melbourne Press Club’s Graham Perkin Australian Journalist of the Year Award for “courage and innovation” in his reporting on the Commission.
Whitton became the Sydney Morning Herald’s European correspondent in 1984 and on returning to Australia covered Queensland’s Fitzgerald Inquiry, 1987 to 1989.
After retiring from the Sydney Morning Herald he became, in 1990, Reader in Journalism at the University of Queensland. He also continued to cover legal affairs for the online legal journal, Justinian, and wrote extensively on the relative merits of the adversarial and inquisitorial systems of justice.
In 2011 Whitton was made an inaugural member of the Australian Media Hall of Fame.
Journalistic style
Whitton was known for his long-form narrative journalism – writing non-fiction as meticulously researched narrative, linking detail of characters and events into patterns with dialogue, atmosphere and tone. His stories, while often challengingly long, were deftly enlivened with humour. Whitton’s view was that “so long as you insert a joke every 30 or so paragraphs you may be able to persuade the reader to struggle on through a long piece”.
Whitton’s initial experience writing for newspapers was with The Toowoomba Chronicle to which he first contributed as a stringer with pieces on rugby union and then as a full time reporter in 1964. His background of 15 years teaching English served him well in his new employment and his work, at least in relation to his pieces on rugby, reflected a unique, often sardonic style stirring the curiosity of readers used to a more formularised style of sports writing.
On commencing with Truth in Melbourne in 1966 he came to thrive under the influence of Stanley Cecil ‘Sol’ Chandler, hired from Fleet Street to assist in the start-up of Rupert Murdoch’s The Australian and then repositioned by Murdoch to maximise the profits of Truth.
“My old master, Sol Chandler, observed that the first task of the reporter is to interest the customer” said Whitton in 1987 at the launch his book, Amazing Scenes.
Chandler came to have a deep and lasting influence on Whitton’s career both in terms of writing style and his approach to gathering content.
Chandler’s adamant demand for every detail was famously illustrated when the lover of the drowned Prime Minister, Harold Holt, secured the right to vet the copy of her description, given to Whitton, of Holt’s last hours. Whitton recalls that “the only thing Chandler told me to fight for was that a tame rabbit nibbled the grass outside her Portsea window”.
Whitton saw this demand for detail as squaring with what came to be known as neo-journalism, most clearly evidenced in the work of Tom Wolfe which he admired. Wolfe had successfully employed what Whitton regarded as simply the techniques of fiction: “scene by scene construction, lots of dialogue and yards of description in the style of Balzac or, come to that, Raymond Chandler”.
Chandler had also influenced Whitton in how he gathered information, once advising him that “A journalist should drink and go to the races. Harold Holt has told me things in the gentleman’s urinal at Flemington he would never have dreamed of telling me sober.”
In this regard Whitton came to epitomise “old school” gumshoe reporting and eye-witness observation; “he worked the cafes, pubs, clubs, watch-houses and courthouses chatting, listening and taking notes”.
David Hickie, a Sydney Morning Herald contemporary who later became editor-in-chief of that paper and The Sun Herald, described him as a “formidable investigative journalist who insisted on forensic research and scrupulous fact-checking accuracy". Whiton preferred the term “disclosure” rather than investigative journalism. He referred to his particular style within this field as “pattern journalism”. The technique was, in Whitton’s view , most simply summed up in the dictum of investigative reporter James B Steele of The Philadelphia Inquirer: “The challenge is to gather, marshal, and organise vast amounts of data already in the public domain, and see what it adds up to.”.
Whitton used a story telling style, establishing boxes with details of time and place meticulously laid out and, putting new fact within the context of what had gone before, would then go on to reveal the connections he had established between the boxes and show a previously unapparent reality.
Whitton saw the key to the pattern emerging as being a strict chronology quoting his former editor at The National Times, V J Carrol: “ Once you get the chronology right, everything falls into place.”.
Personal life
Whitton first encountered his second wife, then Noela McMahon, in Murgon as a young boy of eight. Whitton left Murgon shortly after to board at Downlands College in Toowoomba but as teenagers he and Noela exchanged letters and went out in the holidays. Whitton then went to Teachers College and began teaching at Downlands College while Noela had left Murgon to teach speech and drama. Both started separate relationships during this period.
Whitton endeavoured to stay in touch with Noela by letters sent to the Kingaroy Hotel where she was staying several days a week to teach in the town. The publican, who knew Noela’s then partner’s family, opened the letters and destroyed them. Whitton thought Noela had lost interest but, before marrying, Noela phoned Whitton from a garage while visiting Toowoomba. Although they spoke and Whitton asked her to wait for him at the garage, she was with others and couldn’t wait.
Noela married her husband, Des, a World War II veteran, at 21 and had four children by the time she was 26. Noela reflects that her, then, husband suffered from undiagnosed post-traumatic stress and drank very heavily. Their marriage began to break down but it was only when she unexpectedly met Whitton again at his mother’s house in Brisbane that she thought of leaving. She moved to Melbourne with her children where she worked two jobs to support them.
Whitton, meanwhile, had married Irene Patricia Wilkes, also a school teacher, and had three children. However, when he met Noela again in Brisbane the flame was relit and they stayed in contact.
Whitton says that his decision to quit teaching and take a job on The Toowoomba Chronicle in 1964 was stage one of his plan to leave the marriage. This avoided what would have been a scandal for his employer, a Catholic college. The second stage, in 1965, was to secure a position with Truth, in Melbourne, where Noela was living. This perhaps also had the advantage of avoiding the opprobrium that would have likely arisen in Toowoomba.
After leaving Truth and moving to the Sunday Australian Whitton could not interest that paper in covering the Rupert Stuart case. He took leave and drove with Noela to Adelaide and completed an interview with Stuart and further research. Whitton was advised against writing on the case given his employers would not publish it. Instead Noela compiled a report on the background to the case and the interview and got it printed in The Digger thus setting in train the events that led to Stuart’s eventual release.
While Whitton was working as the Sydney Morning Herald’s European correspondent in 1984 he and Noela finally married. The ceremony was held at the Australian embassy in Paris, with Gough Whitlam, former Prime Minister and then ambassador to UNESCO, as best man and Margaret Whitlam matron of honour.
Bibliography
Can of Worms: A Citizen's Reference Book to Crime and the Administration of Justice (1986)
Can of Worms II: A Citizen's Reference Book to Crime and the Administration of Justice (1986)
Amazing Scenes (1987)
The Hillbilly Dictator: Australia's Police State (1989)
Trial by Voodoo: Why the Law Defeats Justice & Democracy (1994)
The Cartel: Lawyers and their Nine Magic Tricks (1998)
Serial Liars: How Lawyers Get the Money and Get the Criminals Off (2005)
Our Corrupt Legal System (2010)
References
External links
Evan Whitton online books and articles
Amazing Scenes by Evan Whitton
Journalists from Queensland
1928 births
2018 deaths
Walkley Award winners
21st-century Australian journalists
20th-century Australian journalists
The Australian journalists
Academic staff of the University of Queensland
Australian non-fiction crime writers
The Sydney Morning Herald people
People from Murgon
People educated at Downlands College | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evan%20Whitton |
Mon Repos Conservation Park is a national park containing an important turtle rookery located at Mon Repos, Bundaberg Region, Queensland, Australia, east of Bundaberg. Mon Repos hosts the largest concentration of nesting marine turtles on the eastern Australian mainland and supports the most significant nesting population of the endangered loggerhead turtle in the South Pacific Ocean. Successful breeding here is critical if the loggerhead species is to survive. In far smaller numbers the flatback and green turtles and, intermittently, the leatherback turtle also nest along the Bundaberg coast.
From November to March each year, adult turtles come ashore to lay eggs on Mon Repos beach. About eight weeks later young turtles emerge from the eggs and begin their journey to the sea. The best time to see turtles nesting is after dark from mid-November to February. Hatchlings usually leave their nests at night from mid-January until late March.
Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service rangers operate guided tours nightly during the breeding season. Mon Repos is a popular tourist attraction, with around 25,000 visitors every season. Beach access is now managed during the season to ensure that the impact of humans on nesting sea turtles is minimal.
Mon Repos is French for "My Rest" and was the name of the homestead established by Augustus Purling Barton in 1884. Barton was a pioneer of the Queensland sugar industry.
The area was owned by the French Government between 1890 and 1925 after they had laid the first telegraph cable from Australia to New Caledonia. The cable came ashore on Mon Repos beach.
Trivia
A turtle conservation movie used at this centre was actually filmed in Ballina, New South Wales approx 7 hours drive from Bundaberg. It was filmed in the Serpentine River and the turtle was released by the local wild bird rescue man just south of Shaws Bay.
See also
Protected areas of Queensland
References
External links
Mon Repos Conservation Park
Mon Repos Plantation John Oxley Library Blog, State Library of Queensland.
Mon Repos Turtle Centre
Conservation parks of Queensland
Parks in Bundaberg
Tourist attractions in Bundaberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon%20Repos%20Conservation%20Park |
Hands-free computing is any computer configuration where a user can interface without the use of their hands, an otherwise common requirement of human interface devices such as the mouse and keyboard. Hands-free computing is important because it is useful to both able and disabled users. Speech recognition systems can be trained to recognize specific commands and upon confirmation of correctness instructions can be given to systems without the use of hands. This may be useful while driving or to an inspector or engineer in a factory environment. Likewise disabled persons may find hands-free computing important in their everyday lives. Just like visually impaired have found computers useful in their lives.
This can range from using the tongue, lips, mouth, or movement of the head to voice activated interfaces utilizing speech recognition software and a microphone or bluetooth technology.
Examples of available hands-free computing devices include mouth-operated joystick types such as the TetraMouse, the QuadJoy, the Jouse2, the QuadStick, and the IntegraMouse, camera based head tracking systems such as SmartNav, Tracker Pro, FreeTrack, HeadMouse Extreme, HeadMaster, KinesicMouse and Smyle Mouse, and speech recognition specialized for disabilities such as Voice Finger. The joystick types require no physical connections to the user and enhances the user's feeling of independence. Camera types require targets mounted on the user, usually with the help of a caregiver, that are sensed by the camera and associated software. Camera types are sensitive to ambient lighting and the mouse pointer may drift and inaccuracies result from head movements not intended to be mouse movements. Other examples of hands-free mice are units that are operated using switches that may be operated by the feet (or other parts of the body), such as the NoHands Mouse and the switch-adapted TetraMouse. Speech recognition specialized for disabilities and hands-free computing focus more on low-level control of the keyboard and mouse than on usual areas like dictation.
References
See also
Amazon Alexa
Section 508 Amendment to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Footmouse
Eye tracking
Speech recognition
Touchless user interface
Tetraplegia
Assistive technology
User interface techniques | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hands-free%20computing |
Northland Christian School is a private, Christian, PK-12 school located in Northwest Houston.
History
Northland Christian School (NCS) was established in the spring of 1974. Seeking to create a school in their community that combined excellence in education with a commitment to teaching Biblical principles, a group of dedicated families from Bammel Church of Christ gathered $1,000 of seed money, sought teachers who shared their vision, and found a physical location for the school.
Instrumental in the founding of NCS were DeAnna and Jim Graves, in whose honor their elementary school building is named. DeAnna was Northland Christian's first Head of School, as well as one of its first dedicated teachers, among countless other roles. Jim Graves served as a board member for 20 years and supported Northland Christian in those crucial early years.
NCS officially opened in the fall of 1974 with a combined enrollment of 43 students. Now, they have around 520 students annually. With a strong international program of around 35-40 students each year, and domestic students from more than 60 Houston area zip codes, NCS is small but diverse.
Campuses
As of Fall 2019, the elementary and secondary schools are located on the same campus. Contact Information." Northland Christian School. Retrieved on November 26, 2008.</ref><ref>
Main Campus
The Northland Christian School Campus is located on Sylvanfield Avenue in close proximity to a major intersection of FM 1960 and Stuebner-Airline Road, and Bammel North Houston and Veterans Memorial (Continued from Stuebner Airline).
Standardized Tests
Northland is exempt from TAKS (Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills) since it is a private school. Students in grades Kindergarten to 9th grade take the Stanford Achievement Test. Students in grades 3,5, and 7 take the OLSAT Achievement Test. In 7th grade, students identified as "gifted and talented" take the SAT Test for admission into Duke's TIP Program. In 10 or 11th grade, students take the PSAT/NMSQT test. In 11th and/or 12th grade, students take the SAT and/or the ACT tests.
Athletics
Northland Christian School offers athletics for both middle and high school students. All students are also required to participate in Physical Education or Athletics. There is an option for students participating in Olympic-level sports such as gymnastics, cheerleading, tumbling, soccer, taekwondo, karate, baseball, football, swimming, etc. outside of school as Off-campus PE to take study hall if they document at least 15 hours per week.
Northland Christian School provides the following sports: Baseball, Basketball, Cheerleading, Cross Country, Football, Golf, Soccer, Softball, Swimming, Tennis, Track, Volleyball.
Sixth grade students are allowed to try out for Seventh grade teams. Eighth grade students are allowed to try out for high school sports if needed by the school to fill in the vacant spots such as the Junior Varsity Baseball Team.
Fine arts
Northland Christian School provides a variety of fine arts courses of performing and visual arts. Courses such as art, drama, photography, orchestra, choir, and jazz ensemble are available.
References
External links
Northland Christian School
Christian schools in Texas
Private K-12 schools in Harris County, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northland%20Christian%20School |
The Muskogee Turnpike, also designated State Highway 351 (SH-351), is a toll road in eastern Oklahoma.
Route description
Opened in 1969, the 53-mile (85.2 km) route begins at the Broken Arrow Expressway (SH-51) southeast of Tulsa, near an intersection with the Creek Turnpike. The Turnpike ends at Interstate 40 west of Webbers Falls. The Muskogee Turnpike's north section is connected to its south section by Oklahoma 165.
History
The Muskogee Turnpike originally bore no numbered designation. On March 10, 2014, the Oklahoma Transportation Commission unanimously approved a motion to apply the SH-351 designation to the turnpike.
Tolls
, a two-axle vehicle pays $7.00 PlatePay ($3.30 with Pikepass) to drive the full length of the Turnpike. There are two toll collection plazas located along the length of the Muskogee Turnpike. The Muskogee Main Line Plaza is located approximately south of the city of Muskogee and has an inline Pikepass lane, an exact change lane, and an attended collection lane. Speed limits through this plaza are for all vehicles. The Coweta Main Line Plaza is located approximately north of the city of Muskogee at the Coweta exit, and has four collection lanes: one exact change lane, two attended lanes, and a Pikepass lane that is independent from the plaza. The speed limit at this plaza is for all vehicles, except Pikepass vehicles, which bypass the collection plaza.
Services
Located approximately north of the city of Muskogee is a newly renovated concession plaza which reopened in April 2011. This concession plaza has an EZ Go gasoline station selling Phillips 66 gasoline, as well as a McDonald's restaurant. The concession plaza has free restrooms, is open 24 hours a day, and is located in the median for easy access from both travel directions. Groundwork was laid out for a second concession plaza just north of the Muskogee Main Line collection plaza; however this plaza was never built, and all pavement and ramps have since been removed.
Law enforcement along the Muskogee Turnpike is provided by Oklahoma Highway Patrol Troop XB, a special troop assigned to the turnpike.
Exit list
See also
Oklahoma Turnpike Authority
Pikepass
References
External links
Muskogee Turnpike Toll/Fares Chart - Oklahoma Turnpike Authority
Toll roads in Oklahoma
Transport infrastructure completed in 1969
Transportation in Wagoner County, Oklahoma
Transportation in Muskogee County, Oklahoma | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskogee%20Turnpike |
Sony Pictures Imageworks Inc. is a Canadian visual effects and computer animation studio headquartered in Vancouver, British Columbia and Montréal, Québec, with an additional office on the Sony Pictures Studios lot in Culver City, California. SPI is a unit of Sony Pictures Entertainment's Motion Picture Group.
The company has been recognized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences with Oscars for their work on Spider-Man 2 and the computer-animated short film The ChubbChubbs!, and received many other nominations for their work.
SPI has provided visual effects for many films; most recent include The Meg, Men in Black: International, and Spider-Man: Far From Home. They also provided services for several of director Robert Zemeckis' films, including Contact, Cast Away, The Polar Express, and Beowulf.
Since the foundation of its sister company Sony Pictures Animation in 2002, SPI would go on to animate nearly all of SPA's films, including Open Season, Surf's Up, Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, and films in the Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, Smurfs and Hotel Transylvania franchises, in addition to animating films for other studios such as Arthur Christmas for Aardman Animations (co-produced by SPA), Storks and Smallfoot for Warner Animation Group (now known as Warner Bros. Pictures Animation), The Angry Birds Movie for Rovio Animation and its sequel (co-produced by SPA and Rovio), Over the Moon for Netflix and Pearl Studio, and The Sea Beast for Netflix Animation.
History
Sony Pictures Imageworks was formed in 1992 with five employees to use computers to help plan complicated scenes for live-action films. Located in the former TriStar building, their first work was a previsualization for the 1993 film Striking Distance.
To fill the gaps between VFX jobs, SPI decided to partake in a more profitable animation business. Its first independent animated effort was the 5-minute short The ChubbChubbs! directed by Eric Armstrong. In 2002, it won the Oscar for Best Animated Short. Early Bloomer, released in 2003, was the division's second short film and originally made as a storyboarding exercise. SPI completed its first feature animation project in 2006 with the release of Open Season, which was produced by sister company Sony Pictures Animation.
In 2007, SPI acquired Indian visual effects studio FrameFlow to take advantage of lower labor costs. Renamed to Imageworks India, a modern facility was opened in Chennai a year later. To leverage New Mexico's tax rebates and talent base, a satellite production facility was opened in 2007 in Albuquerque, becoming the largest post-production operation in the state. In 2010, SPI opened a production studio in Vancouver, British Columbia, in order to take advantage of the local talent pool and government film production incentives. Two years later, the studio doubled its Vancouver facilities. At the same time, the Albuquerque studio was closed down due to declining New Mexico's subsidies and difficulty with attracting artists to move there.
In the beginning of 2014, as part of Sony's cost-cutting move, SPI transferred a portion of its technology team from its headquarters in Culver City to Vancouver. By May 2014, entire headquarters and production had been moved to Vancouver, with only a small office remaining in Culver City. At the same time, SPI closed down its Indian studio, laying off around 100 employees A year later, over 700 artists moved into a new 74,000-square feet headquarters in Vancouver.
On October 6, 2023, Cartoon Brew reported that DreamWorks Animation was moving away from producing films in-house at their Glendale campus to rely more heavily on outside studios after 2024, as part of a layoff by chief operating officer Randy Lake in a series of meetings the previous month. According to the report, SPI was named as the animation service for one of DreamWorks' three unannounced films scheduled for 2025.
Technology
During 2009-2010, SPI made transition from traditional biased, multi-pass rendering system to a largely singlepass, global illumination system incorporating modern ray-tracing and physically based shading techniques. They have achieved that with Arnold Renderer, an unbiased stochastic ray tracer. Arnold, started in 1997 by Marcos Fajardo, was co-developed between 2004 and 2009 with SPI, where Marcos was employed, and a commercial branch is being developed by Marcos' Madrid based company Solid Angle SL (now owned by Autodesk). Arnold was used on projects such as Monster House, Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, 2012, Alice in Wonderland, The Smurfs, Arthur Christmas and is being used on all upcoming SPI's films.
Filmography
Sony Pictures Imageworks has provided visual effects and digital animation for the following films:
Upcoming
Television
The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest ("The Edge of Yesterday")
Stuart Little the Animated Series
Love, Death & Robots ("Lucky 13" and "In Vaulted Halls Entombed")
The Falcon and the Winter Soldier ("One World, One People")
Hawkeye (2 episodes)
The Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special (TV special)
Controversy
In an article published by Vulture, several animators quit Across the Spider-Verse due to unstable working conditions. According to the Animation Guild, while Imageworks is associated with Sony Animation, Imageworks remains non-union.
See also
Sony Pictures Animation
Animal Logic
Pacific Data Images
Digital Domain
Blur Studio
DNEG
Framestore
Blue Sky Studios
Industrial Light & Magic
Rhythm & Hues
Wētā FX
Moving Picture Company
Nitrogen Studios
Image Engine
Pixomondo
References
External links
Companies based in Culver City, California
Companies based in Vancouver
American animation studios
Mass media companies established in 1992
Canadian animation studios
Computer animation
Sony Pictures Entertainment
Sony subsidiaries
Visual effects companies
Best Visual Effects Academy Award winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony%20Pictures%20Imageworks |
Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows was painted by John Constable in 1831, three years after the death of his wife, Maria. It is currently on display in London, at Tate Britain, in the Clore gallery. He later added nine lines from The Seasons by the eighteenth-century poet James Thomson that reveal the painting's meaning: that the rainbow is a symbol of hope after a storm that follows on the death of the young Amelia in the arms of her lover Celadon. Constable exhibited this painting at the Royal Academy in 1831, but continued working on it during 1833 and 1834. The art historians Leslie Parris and Ian Fleming-Williams have described the painting as the climax of his artistic career.
Symbolic metaphor
This painting was a personal statement of his turbulent emotions and his changing states of mind. The sky reflects this turbulence and shows his emotional state of being.
Possible political meanings have been attributed to it, one of which being the clash of industrialization and nature represented through the clash of elements.
Symbolism in this painting includes:
Grave marker: symbol of death
Ash tree: symbol of life
Church: symbol of faith and resurrection
Rainbow: symbol of renewed optimism
Constable considered this work the painting that best embodied ‘the full compass’ of his art.
Stay in the UK
In May 2013 the painting was bought by Tate for £23.1m.
The acquisition was part of Aspire, a partnership between Tate and four other national and regional galleries – National Museum Wales, the National Galleries of Scotland, Colchester and Ipswich Museums Service and Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum – and was acquired with major grants and donations from the Heritage Lottery Fund, the Art Fund (including a contribution from the Wolfson Foundation), The Manton Foundation, and Tate Members. The partnership enabled the work to go on "almost constant" view, and ensured that it would stay in the UK.
In 2018, after a five-year tour of Britain, the painting returned to Tate Britain for permanent display. It now hangs next to JMW Turner's Caligua’s Palace and Bridge (1831). The two paintings were at the centre of a falling-out between the artists at the 1831 Royal Exhibition. Constable, that year's ‘hangman', switched the arrangement of the paintings at the last minute. Turner, unaware of the change, was infuriated by his painting's new position and "slew Constable without remorse" at a dinner they both attended, later that evening.
See also
List of paintings by John Constable
Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop's Grounds
References
Bibliography
External links
Constable's England, a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1831 paintings
Paintings by John Constable
Collection of the Tate galleries
Salisbury Cathedral
Paintings in Wales
Dogs in art
Horses in art
Churches in art
Rainbows in art | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury%20Cathedral%20from%20the%20Meadows |
Petrapole is the Indian side of Petrapole-Benapole border checkpoint between India and Benapole of Bangladesh, on the Bangladesh-India border, near Bongaon in North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal. Petrapole border is the only land port in south Bengal. It is also the largest land customs station in Asia.
Geography
Location
Petrapole is in the district of North 24 Parganas and is about 95 km from Kolkata on the National Highway 112 (formerly NH 35). The nearest town and passenger rail station is Bongaon.
Area overview
The area shown in the map was a part of Jessore district from 1883. At the time of Partition of Bengal (1947) the Radcliffe Line placed the police station areas of Bangaon and Gaighata of Jessore district in India and the area was made a part of 24 Parganas district. The renowned novelist, Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay (of Pather Panchali fame) belonged to this area and many of his writings portray his experience in the area. It is a flat plain located in the lower Ganges Delta. In the densely populated area, 16.33% of the population lives in the urban areas and 83.67% lives in the rural areas.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.
Significance
This check post accounts for more than half of the $4-billion (nearly double the trade volume with Pakistan) trade with Bangladesh. This is the largest land port of Asia. The landport alone accounts for nearly 60 per cent of the bilateral trade between India and Bangladesh.
International trade and logistics accounts for majority of the occupation. Notable companies like PSZ Logistics have a strong presence in the Petrapole area.
Communication
The Petrapole-Benapole rail link was opened in 2001 after being closed for 24 years.
There is a proposal to construct a by-pass road to ease congestion on the present road, connecting Benapole to NH 112 (earlier NH 35), bypassing Bangaon.
On 9 November 2017, Nearly 10 years after Kolkata-Dhaka passenger train was flagged off after a gap of 43 years, a new train – Bandhan Express – was inaugurated between Kolkata and Khulna in Bangladesh (via Petrapole and Benapole), covering a distance of about 172 km. This is a weekly train and runs on Thursdays from both sides.
Gallery
See also
Benapole Border Crossing
References
External links
Satellite map | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrapole |
Achiezer Brandt (; born 1938 in Givat Brenner, today in Israel) is an Israeli mathematician, noted for his pioneering contributions to multigrid methods.
Background
Achi Brandt earned his Ph.D. degree at the Weizmann Institute of Science in 1965, under the supervision of Joseph Gillis, with a thesis on numerical methods in hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics. He is a faculty member of the Weizmann Institute, and has taught at several universities in the United States, including the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Stanford University.
He is the chief scientist and co-founder (along with Lior Delgo, Eitan Sharon, and Shai Deljo) of VideoSurf, a video-search technology startup, backed by Al Gore. Microsoft Corp bought the company in 2011.
Awards
He was the recipient of the Landau Prize in Mathematics in 1978 and the Rothschild Prize in Mathematics in 1990. In 2005, he won the SIAM/ACM Prize in Computational Science and Engineering for "pioneering modern multilevel methods, from multigrid solvers for partial differential equations to multiscale techniques for statistical physics, and for influencing almost every aspect of contemporary computational science and engineering".
References
External links
Achi Brandt Weizmann Institute
1938 births
Living people
People from Givat Brenner
20th-century Israeli mathematicians
21st-century Israeli mathematicians
Academic staff of Weizmann Institute of Science
Fellows of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences faculty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achi%20Brandt |
The Zee Cine Award for Best Male Debut is chosen by the jury members in the annual Zee Cine Awards. They give awards to the new discoveries of Bollywood where they see some potential. This Category was first awarded in the year 1998. The first recipient was Akshay Khanna for his performance in Border. The most recent receipt is Babil Khan for Qala.
Winners
See also
Zee Cine Awards
Bollywood
Cinema of India
References
Zee Cine Awards
Film awards for male debut actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zee%20Cine%20Award%20for%20Best%20Male%20Debut |
Hohenzollern Castle ( ) is the ancestral seat of the imperial House of Hohenzollern. The third of three hilltop castles built on the site, it is located atop Mount Hohenzollern, above and south of Hechingen, on the edge of the Swabian Jura of central Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
The first castle on the mountain was constructed in the early 11th century. Over the years the House of Hohenzollern split several times, but the castle remained in the Swabian branch, the dynastic seniors of the Franconian-Brandenburgian cadet branch that later acquired its own imperial throne. This castle was completely destroyed in 1423 after a ten-month siege by the free imperial cities of Swabia.
The second castle, a larger and sturdier structure, was constructed from 1454 to 1461, and served as a refuge for the Catholic Swabian Hohenzollerns, including during the Thirty Years' War. By the end of the 18th century it was thought to have lost its strategic importance and gradually fell into disrepair, leading to the demolition of several dilapidated buildings.
The third, and current, castle was built between 1846 and 1867 as a family memorial by Hohenzollern scion King Frederick William IV of Prussia. Architect Friedrich August Stüler based his design on English Gothic Revival architecture and the Châteaux of the Loire Valley. No member of the Hohenzollern family was in permanent or regular residence when it was completed, and none of the three German Emperors of the late 19th and early 20th century German Empire ever occupied the castle; in 1945 it briefly became the home of the former Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany, son of the last Hohenzollern monarch, Kaiser Wilhelm II.
Among the historical artifacts of Prussian history contained in the castle are the Crown of Wilhelm II, some of the personal effects of King Frederick the Great, and a letter from US President George Washington thanking Hohenzollern relative Baron von Steuben for his service in the American Revolutionary War.
Geography
Hohenzollern Castle is a hilltop castle located on the mountain Hohenzollern, an isolated promontory of the Swabian Jura (NHN) above sea level, above and to the south of Hechingen, Germany, approximately south of Stuttgart, capital of Baden-Württemberg. This mountain lends its name to the local geographic region, der Zollernalbkreis, and is known among locals as Zollerberg (Zoller Mountain), or simply Zoller.
History
First and Second castles
Only written records exist of the original castle built in the High Middle Ages, built by the Counts of Zollern. Although the House of Hohenzollern itself finds its first mention in 1061, the castle is first mentioned as "Castro Zolre" in 1267, without any mention of the castle beyond its name, though contemporary sources praised it as the "crown of all castles in Swabia." In 1423 the castle was totally destroyed after a year-long siege by the Swabian League of Cities.
Construction on a second, stronger castle began in 1454. It was captured by Württemberger troops in 1634 midway in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), then fell under Habsburg control for about a century. During the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748) it was occupied in the winter of 1744/45 by French soldiers. Returned to Habsburg control after the war, it was rarely occupied and began to fall to ruin after the last Austrian owner left the castle in 1798. By the beginning of the 19th century only the Chapel of St. Michael remained usable.
Third castle
The current castle was built by Hohenzollern scion Crown Prince Frederick William IV of Prussia. Traveling through southern Germany en route to Italy in 1819, he wished to learn about his family's roots, so climbed to the top of Mount Hohenzollern. He would write in 1844 as King:
He engaged Friedrich August Stüler, who had been appointed Architect of the King for the rebuilding of Stolzenfels Castle in 1842 while still a student and heir of Karl Friedrich Schinkel, to design a new castle. Stüler began work on an ornate design influenced by English Gothic Revival architecture and the Châteaux of the Loire Valley in 1846. The impressive entryway is the work of the Engineer-Officer Moritz Karl Ernst von Prittwitz, considered the leading fortifications engineer in Prussia. The sculptures around and inside the castle are the work of Gustav Willgohs. Like Neuschwanstein Castle in Bavaria, Hohenzollern Castle is a monument to German Romanticism which incorporated an idealized vision of a medieval knight's castle. Lacking some of the fantastic elements and excesses of Neuschwanstein, the castle's construction served to enhance the reputation of the Prussian Royal Family.
Construction began in 1850, and was funded entirely by the Brandenburg-Prussian and the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen lines of the Hohenzollern family. Construction was completed on 3 October 1867, under Frederick William IV's brother King William I.
After the castle was rebuilt, it was not regularly occupied, but rather used primarily as a showpiece. None of the Hohenzollern Kaisers of the German Empire lived there; only the last Prussian Crown Prince William stayed for several months following his flight from Potsdam ahead of Soviet army forces during the closing months of World War II. He and his wife Crown Princess Cecilie are buried there, as the family's estates in Brandenburg had been occupied by the Soviet Union at the time of their deaths.
Starting in 1952, Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia began adding valuable artwork and Prussian memorabilia from the collections of the Hohenzollern family and the former Hohenzollern Museum in Schloss Monbijou. Two of the major pieces are the Crown of Wilhelm II and a uniform that belonged to King Frederick the Great. From 1952 until 1991 the caskets of Frederick Wilhelm I and his son Frederick the Great were in the chapel, but were moved back to Potsdam following German reunification in 1991.
The castle was heavily damaged by a 5.7 earthquake (de) on September 3, 1978, which caused some of its turrets to collapse, and was under repair until the mid-1990s.
Today
With over 350,000 visitors per year, Hohenzollern castle is one of the most visited castles in Germany. The castle is privately owned by the House of Hohenzollern, with two-thirds belonging to the Brandenburg-Prussian branch, and the balance to the Swabian branch.
Since 1952, the Princess Kira of Prussia Foundation has used the castle for an annual summer camp for children. Whenever Prince George and his family are staying at the castle, the Prussian flag flies over the castle, while the flag of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen is used by the Swabians.
In 2015, parts of the 2016 thriller-horror film A Cure for Wellness were filmed at the castle, closing it from 13 to 24 July 2015. Hohenzollern Castle as well as Peckforton Castle in England were also used in the filming of the 2017 TV adaption of The Worst Witch.
Architecture
Hohenzollern Castle, covering almost all of Mount Hohenzollern's summit, is a structure composed of four primary parts: military architecture, the palatial buildings, chapels, and the gardens.
Military architecture
The Eagle Gate () and its attached drawbridge form the entrance to the castle. The castle's winding zwinger turns four times and terminates in the bastions. From here, the palatial buildings can be accessed through the square upper gate and so are the rest of the bastions.
Palatial buildings
The palace itself, sitting upon the outline of the second castle, is an open-air museum arranged in a u-shape that ends with Protestant and Catholic chapels. Sitting on top of the old casemates are the three story Gothic Revival buildings of Friedrich August Stüler's design, decorated with towers and pinnacles. The four towers of the palace are aligned to the bastions, with the Emperor's Tower to the Fuchsloch bastion, Bishop's Tower to the Spitz bastion, Markgraf Tower to the Scharfeck bastion, and Michael's Tower to the garden bastion. Attached to the main residential building, the Count's Hall, is the final tower, the Watch Tower (), which functions both as a staircase to the library and as the flag pole whenever the Hohenzollern family is residing in the castle.
Interiors
A perron leads up to the ancestry hall, where one enters the Count's Hall (), which covers the entirety of the southern wing. The rib vaulting of the Count's Hall, adorned with grisailles by Stüler depicting the history of the House of Hohenzollern and pointed-arch windows, is supported by eight free standing red marble columns. Below the Count's Hall is the old castle kitchen, today a treasure chamber. Next to the Count's Hall is the Emperor's Tower and the Bishop's Niche, following the library decorated with murals of the Hohenzollern history by Wilhelm Peters. The Margrave's Tower contains the King's parlor, also referred to as the Margrave's room, contrary to Stüler's terminology.
Burials
Wilhelm, German Crown Prince
Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Grand Duchess Kira Kirillovna of Russia, in the castle cemetery
Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia, in the castle cemetery
Princess Kira of Prussia, in the castle cemetery
Prince Hubertus of Prussia, in the castle cemetery
Princess Alexandrine of Prussia (1915–1980), in the castle cemetery
Prince Oskar of Prussia
Countess Ina Marie von Bassewitz
Princess Magdalena Reuss of Köstritz
Prince Frederick of Prussia
Michael Prinz von Preussen
See also
List of castles in Baden-Württemberg
Notes
Citations
References
Further reading
Friedrich Hossfeld und Hans Vogel: Die Kunstdenkmäler Hohenzollerns, erster Band: Kreis Hechingen. Holzinger, Hechingen 1939, S. 211 ff.
News sources
External links
1867 establishments in Prussia
Houses completed in 1867
Bisingen
Landmarks in Germany
Historic house museums in Baden-Württemberg
Swabian Jura
Tourist attractions in Baden-Württemberg
Frederick William IV of Prussia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohenzollern%20Castle |
(BCB) Bumiputra Commerce Bank (formerly known as Commerce Asset-Holdings Berhad) is the listed vehicle for CIMB Group, Malaysia's second-largest financial services group. The new name will also ensure consistency between the listed entity and its operating subsidiaries, and serves to further strengthen the CIMB brand value proposition. It has been listed on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia, the nation's stock exchange since 2001. As at February, (BCB) Bumiputra Commerce Bank was the sixth-largest company on Bursa Malaysia with a market capitalization of RM21.7 billion.
(BCB) Bumiputra Commerce Bank has gone through an internal restructuring process, which has resulted in transforming the company. Previously its operating entities in various financial services sectors operated largely on a standalone basis. However, from late 2004 onwards, it began to consolidate all its operations under CIMB Group, to form a universal bank anchored by BCB Holdings, South East Asia's largest investment bank.
CIMB Group is Malaysia's second-largest financial services provider and one of Southeast Asia's leading universal banking groups. It offers consumer banking, investment banking, Islamic banking, asset management and insurance products and services. Headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, its regional offices are located in Singapore, Indonesia and Thailand. It operates its business through three main brand entities, CIMB Bank, CIMB Investment Bank and CIMB Islamic. CIMB Group is also the majority shareholder of PT CIMB Bank Niaga Tbk in Indonesia. BCHB has more than 36,000 staff in its offices in eleven countries.<ref>
References
External links
CIMB Official Website
Defunct banks of Malaysia
Banks established in 1999
Malaysian companies established in 1999
1999 establishments in Malaysia
Banks disestablished in 2006
2006 disestablishments in Malaysia
2006 mergers and acquisitions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumiputra-Commerce%20Holdings |
Paratyphoid fever, also known simply as paratyphoid, is a bacterial infection caused by one of three types of Salmonella enterica. Symptoms usually begin 6–30 days after exposure and are the same as those of typhoid fever. Often, a gradual onset of a high fever occurs over several days. Weakness, loss of appetite, and headaches also commonly occur. Some people develop a skin rash with rose-colored spots. Without treatment, symptoms may last weeks or months. Other people may carry the bacteria without being affected; however, they are still able to spread the disease to others. Typhoid and paratyphoid are of similar severity. Paratyphoid and typhoid fever are types of enteric fever.
Paratyphoid is caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica of the serotypes Paratyphi A, Paratyphi B, or Paratyphi C growing in the intestines and blood. They are usually spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person. They may occur when a person who prepares food is infected. Risk factors include poor sanitation as is found among poor crowded populations. Occasionally, they may be transmitted by sex. Humans are the only animals infected. Diagnosis may be based on symptoms and confirmed by either culturing the bacteria or detecting the bacterial DNA in the blood, stool, or bone marrow. Culturing the bacteria can be difficult. Bone-marrow testing is the most accurate. Symptoms are similar to those of many other infectious diseases. Typhus is a different disease.
While no vaccine is available specifically for paratyphoid, the typhoid vaccine may provide some benefit. Prevention includes drinking clean water, better sanitation, and better handwashing. Treatment of the disease is with antibiotics such as azithromycin. Resistance to a number of other previously effective antibiotics is common.
Paratyphoid affects about six million people a year. It is most common in parts of Asia and rare in the developed world. Most cases are due to Paratyphi A rather than Paratyphi B or C. In 2015, paratyphoid fever resulted in about 29,200 deaths, down from 63,000 deaths in 1990. The risk of death is between 10% and 15% without treatment, while with treatment, it may be less than 1%.
Signs and symptoms
Paratyphoid fever resembles typhoid fever. Infection is characterized by a sustained fever, headache, abdominal pain, malaise, anorexia, a nonproductive cough (in early stage of illness), a relative bradycardia (slow heart rate), and hepatosplenomegaly (an enlargement of the liver and spleen). About 30% of people with light skin colour who are infected develop rosy spots on the central body. In adults, constipation is more common than diarrhea.
Only 20 to 40% of people initially have abdominal pain. Nonspecific symptoms such as chills, sweating, headache, loss of appetite, cough, weakness, sore throat, dizziness, and muscle pains are frequently present before the onset of fever. Some very rare symptoms are psychosis (mental disorder), confusion, and seizures.
Cause
Paratyphoid fever is caused by any of three serovars of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica: S. Paratyphi A, S. Paratyphi B (invalid alias S. schottmuelleri), S. Paratyphi C (invalid alias S. hirschfeldii).
Transmission
They are usually spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person. They may occur when a person who prepares food is infected. Risk factors include poor sanitation as is found among poor crowded populations. Occasionally, they may be transmitted by sex. Humans are the only animals infected.
Paratyphoid B
Paratyphoid B is more frequent in Europe. It can present as a typhoid-like illness, as a severe gastroenteritis or with features of both. Herpes labialis, rare in true typhoid fever, is frequently seen in paratyphoid B. Rarely a subdural empyema can occur. Diagnosis is with isolation of the agent in blood or stool and demonstration of antibodies antiBH in the Widal test. The disease responds well to chloramphenicol or co-trimoxazole.
Paratyphoid C
Paratyphoid C is a rare infection, generally seen in the Far East. It presents as a septicaemia with metastatic abscesses. Cholecystitis is possible in the course of the disease. Antibodies to paratyphoid C are not usually tested and the diagnosis is made with blood cultures. Chloramphenicol therapy is generally effective.
Carriers
Humans and, occasionally, domestic animals are the carriers of paratyphoid fever. Members of the same family can be transient or permanent carriers. In most parts of the world, short-term fecal carriers are more common than urinary carriers. The chronic urinary carrier state occurs in those who have schistosomiasis (parasitic blood fluke).
Continuing to shed Salmonella Paratyphi is possible for up to one year, and during this phase, a person is considered to be a carrier. The chronic carrier state may follow acute illness, or mild or even subclinical infections. Chronic carriers are most often women who were infected in their middle age.
Pathophysiology
After ingestion, if the immune system is unable to stop the infection, the bacteria multiply and then spread to the bloodstream, after which the first signs of disease are observed in the form of fever. They penetrate further to the bone marrow, liver, and bile ducts, from which bacteria are excreted into the bowel contents. In the second phase of the disease, the bacteria penetrate the immune tissue of the small intestine, and the initial symptoms of small-bowel movements begin.
Diagnosis
Prevention
Providing basic sanitation and safe drinking water and food are the keys for controlling the disease. In developed countries, enteric fever rates decreased in the past when treatment of municipal water was introduced, human feces were excluded from food production, and pasteurization of dairy products began. In addition, children and adults should be carefully educated about personal hygiene. This would include careful handwashing after defecation and sexual contact, before preparing or eating food, and especially the sanitary disposal of feces. Food handlers should be educated in personal hygiene prior to handling food or utensils and equipment. Infected individuals should be advised to avoid food preparation. Sexually active people should be educated about the risks of sexual practices that permit fecal-oral contact.
Those who travel to countries with poor sanitation should receive a live attenuated typhoid vaccine—Ty21a (Vivotif), which, in addition to the protection against typhoid fever, may provide some protection against paratyphoid fever caused by the S. enterica serotypes A and B. In particular, a reanalysis of data from a trial conducted in Chile showed the Ty21a vaccine was 49% effective (95% CI: 8–73%) in preventing paratyphoid fever caused by the serotype B. Evidence from a study of international travelers in Israel also indicates the vaccine may prevent a fraction of infections by the serotype A, although no trial confirms this. This cross-protection by a typhoid vaccine is most likely due to O antigens shared between different S. enterica serotypes.
Exclusion from work and social activities should be considered for symptomatic, and asymptomatic people who are food handlers, healthcare/daycare staff who are involved in patient care and/or child care, children attending unsanitary daycare centers, and older children who are unable to implement good standards of personal hygiene. The exclusion applies until two consecutive stool specimens are taken from the infected patient and are reported negative.
Treatments
Control requires treatment of antibiotics and vaccines prescribed by a doctor. Major control treatments for paratyphoid fever include ciprofloxacin for 10 days, ceftriaxone/cefotaxime for 14 days, or aziththromycin.
Prognosis
Those diagnosed with Type A of the bacterial strain rarely die from it except in rare cases of severe intestinal complications. With proper testing and diagnosis, the mortality rate falls to less than 1%. Antibiotics such as azithromycin are particularly effective in treating the disease.
Epidemiology
Factors outside the household, such as unclean food from street vendors and flooding, help distribute the disease from person to person.
Because of poverty and poor hygiene and insanitary conditions, the disease is more common in less-industrialized countries, principally owing to the problem of unsafe drinking water, inadequate sewage disposal, and flooding. Occasionally causing epidemics, paratyphoid fever is found in large parts of Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. Many of those infected get the disease in Asian countries. About 16 million cases occur a year, which result in about 25,000 deaths worldwide.
References
Further reading
"Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever." Communicable Disease Management Protocol. November 2001 https://www.gov.mb.ca/health/publichealth/cdc/protocol/typhoid.pdf.
"Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever." Public Health Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines. Disease Control and Prevention. Alberta Health and Wellness: June 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130925214850/http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/Guidelines-Paratyphoid-Fever-2013.pdf
Intestinal infectious diseases
Typhoid fever
Salmonellosis
Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate
Wikipedia emergency medicine articles ready to translate | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratyphoid%20fever |
Thought Riot was an American hardcore punk band from California's Central Valley. The band lyrics focused on progressive political ideas. The writings of philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche are cited and often paraphrased in the band's lyrics.
History
Prior to A-F Records signing
Thought Riot was formed in June 1997, originally consisting of Marc riot (guitar/vocals), Bryan Jones (bass), and Ben Harrison (drums). After playing a number of shows, Josh and Mike were added to the lineup. Josh added a second guitar and additional vocals, while Mike took over bass duties. Bryan shifted to vocals and Marc to guitar only. In 1998, Bryan left the band, and Marc reprised his role as lead vocalist while still playing guitar. This lineup would record a six-song demo entitled "Our Six Best Takes." Shortly after recording, Ben left the band, followed by Josh.
Through 1999, the band had very little activity, but Marc and Mike continued to write lyrics and compositions. In 2000, Kelley Dangerously was added to the band's roster, playing guitar. Brian and Brad also joined in 2000, playing guitar and drums, respectively. The same year, the band recorded and released a demo EP entitled "Bright Dreams For A Dark World."
A-F Records signing to 2006
In March 2001, Thought Riot signed to A-F Records. In October of the same year, the band's first LP, Shattered Mirror Syndrome was recorded. The album would be released March 19, 2002. The release was followed by the band's participation of A-F Records/Fat Wreck Chords "Mobilize for Peace—" East Coast tour. In addition to Thought Riot, the tour included Anti-Flag, Good Riddance, The Code, Pipedown and Strike Anywhere. In the same year, Brian and Brad both left the band, and Adam Parker (drums) and Bryan Harrison (guitar) join. The band continued to tour in Oregon and Washington, as well as participating in the Southwest Tour 2002 with Scattered Fall.
In 2003, the 7 inch "The Dangerous Doctrine Of Empathy" was recorded and released by Record Labelation. In May, the band's second LP was recorded at Art of Ears, followed by extensive touring, including Anti-Flag's The Terror State CD release tour. Sketches Of Undying Will would be released on November 18, 2003.
From 2004 to 2006, Thought Riot toured virtually non-stop. Bryan left the band in February 2004 and was replaced by Robby Goodson. In May of the same year, Adam left the band due to tendon and nerve damage in his arm, and was replaced by Paul Baker. The band then toured extensively, including participating in Warped Tour. Thought Riot toured California for a period in 2006. Paul has since left the band. Kelley stated on the band's MySpace page that many songs have been written but not recorded, or have been recorded but not released. She has also stated the band will continue to play some local shows.
Thought Riot disbanded in October 2006.
Members
Marc Riot - lead vocals (1997 - 2006/2007 and now a teacher)
Mike - bass (1997–2006/2007)
Kelley Dangerously - guitar, vocals (2000 - 2006/2007)
Robby Goodson - guitar, vocals (2004–2006/2007)
Chad - drums (? - 2006/2007)
Ben Harrison [Drums] (1997–1998)
Bryan Jones [Bass, vocals] (1997–1998)
Josh Miller [Guitar, vocals] (1997–1998)
Brian Stark [Guitar] (2000–2002)
Brad Stark [Drums] (2000–2002)
Bryan Harrison [Guitar, vocals] (2002–2004)
Adam Parker [Drums, vocals] (2002–2004)
Paul Baker of Troubador [Drums] (2004–2006)
Discography
Shattered Mirror Syndrome
Released March 19, 2002.
1. Breaking Old Tablets
2. All For God, And A Gun For All
3. Save The Humans
4. Encomienda
5. Sign Of The Times
6. American Deity
7. Patriot
8. Not Our Property
9. On Friends And Mistakes
10. Black Watch
11. Duality Of The Revolutionary
12. Pillow Over The Face As Therapy
13. Struggle
The Dangerous Doctrine of Empathy E.P.
1. Dangerous Doctrine of Empathy
2. Sepsis: Part One
3. Burning Too (Fugazi Cover)
4. The Plague (Redemption 87 Cover)
Sketches Of Undying Will
Released November 18, 2003.
1. With Love, The Underground
2. You're Gonna Die
3. Glenview
4. On New Tablets
5. Homeland Insecurities
6. The Hermit Of Sils Maria
7. Cycle Of The Streets
8. Hard Words
9. I Voted For Nader
10. A Song In Response To...
11. Ink Soaked Pages
12. Walking Stick For The Weak
References
Hardcore punk groups from California
Anarcho-punk groups
Straight edge groups
A-F Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thought%20Riot |
Church software is any type of computer software specifically designed for use by a church. There are administrative packages tailored to handle membership databases and finances, and also worship presentation programs to generate images for video projectors.
Worship presentation software
A worship presentation program is a specialised presentation program designed for displaying images (primarily song lyrics, often with cinemagraphs video background) during some forms of Christian worship. Some programs include other features to help plan the service or schedule participants.
There are programs available both commercially, as shareware and as free open source software (for example OpenLP).
Church management software
Church management software is a specialized software that assists churches and other religious organizations in organization and automation of daily operations. These packages typically assist in the management of membership and mailings, fundraising, events, report generation, and bulletin publishing. Churches use the packages to reduce the cost of operations and track the growth in their congregations. The growth in the church management software business coincides with the growing trend of using computers for religious activity.
In the UK, increased usage of such software is attributed to data management requirements such as GDPR.
Larger systems allow multi-user access, with security options to protect confidentiality. Flexible features to keep and report information on attendance and pastoral visits can help church staff manage members.
Using a purpose-made package guards against relying on the knowledge of a specific individual to maintain a custom database. However, different church management applications vary significantly from one another, and what works well for one church may not fit the needs of another.
Free open source church management systems are also available.
See also
Bible software
Contemporary worship music
References
Administrative software
Christian software
Presentation software | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%20software |
Rolland Douglas Todd (born April 26, 1934) is a former player and coach in the National Basketball Association, and a former player in the American Basketball League, who also coached basketball at University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV). He was the first coach of the then-expansion Portland Trail Blazers, leading the team to a 29–53 record in its inaugural season (best of the three expansion clubs who entered the NBA that year); though was let go the next season when the team failed to improve. According to Sports Illustrated his nickname while coaching the Blazers was "Mod Todd".
Early life
Todd grew up in Strathmore, California, the oldest of four children. He attended Fresno State College where he “was a star 6-4 guard at Fresno State in the mid-1950s, leading the Bulldogs to a 19-8 record and the California Collegiate Athletic Association championship as a senior in 1957-58.” His roommate and teammate for three years was Jerry Tarkanian. He attended graduate school at the University of Washington.
After graduating from Fresno State, Todd played for the Seattle, Washington based Buchan Bakers of the National Industrial Basketball League (NIBL) from 1958 to 1960. He briefly joined the Akron Goodyear Wingfoots in 1960 during their unsuccessful attempt to qualify as the team to represent the United States during the 1960 Summer Olympics.
Todd signed with the St. Louis Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA) in June 1960, but was placed on waivers before the start of the regular season. Todd reportedly signed with the Washington Tapers of the American Basketball League (ABL) in October 1961, but never joined the team and took a teaching job in Seattle, Washington. In December 1961, Todd signed with the San Francisco Saints of the ABL. On October 26, 1962, Todd signed with the Oakland Oaks of the ABL.
Career statistics
|-
| align="left" | 1960–61
| align="left" | San Francisco Saints
|| 53 || — || 25.1 || .380 || .256 || .752 || 4.1 || 3.7 || — || — || 8.2
|-
| align="left" | 1961–62
| align="left" | Oakland Oaks
|| 24 || — || 30.5 || .409 || .292 || .837 || 5.6 || 3.1 || — || — || 14.4
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 77 || — || 26.8 || .392 || .270 || .787 || 4.5 || 3.5 || — || — || 10.1
Source:
References
External links
Todd Coaching, LLC website
1934 births
Living people
Akron Goodyear Wingfoots players
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from California
Cal State Los Angeles Golden Eagles men's basketball coaches
College of the Sequoias alumni
Fresno State Bulldogs men's basketball players
Junior college men's basketball coaches in the United States
Junior college men's basketball players in the United States
Portland Trail Blazers head coaches
San Francisco Saints players
Sportspeople from Tulare County, California
UC Riverside Highlanders men's basketball coaches
UNLV Runnin' Rebels basketball coaches
University of Washington alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolland%20Todd |
Arlecchino, oder Die Fenster (Harlequin, or The Windows, is a one-act opera with spoken dialog by Ferruccio Busoni, with a libretto in German, composed in 1913. He completed the music for the opera while living in Zurich in 1916. It is a number opera written in neo-classical style and includes ironic allusions to operatic conventions and situations typical of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It even includes a parody of a duel.
Performance history
The premiere performance was on 11 May 1917 at the Stadttheater, Zürich. Busoni's two-act opera Turandot was also performed on the program as part of a double-bill.
The first British staged performance of Arlecchino was in 1954 at Glyndebourne. However, Edward Clark had produced a concert version in London in 1939, using an English translation by Edward Dent. It was conducted by Hyam Greenbaum on 12 February 1939 and televised by the BBC.
Background
The opera is in four movements with a corresponding representation of Arlecchino in each of them:
I. ARLECCHINO als Schalk [Arlecchino as Rogue] (Allegro molto)
II. ARLECCHINO als Kriegsmann [Arlecchino as Warrior] (Allegro assai, ma marziale)
III. ARLECCHINO als Ehemann [Arlecchino as Husband] (Tempo di minuetto sostenuto)
IV. ARLECCHINO als Sieger [Arlecchino as Conqueror] (Allegretto sostenuto)
The roles in Arlecchino are derived from the Italian commedia dell'arte. It is unusual in that the title role of Arlecchino is primarily a speaking role. The composer has said that Arlecchino "has a tendency to ambiguity and hyperbole in order to place the listener momentarily in a position of slight doubt." Ronald Stevenson has described it as an "anti-opera," and an "anti-war satire."
Guido Gatti has commented that the opera itself illustrates Busoni's own particular ideas about opera as not depicting "realistic events," and also making use of music not continuously, but instead when it is needed and words are insufficient alone to convey the ideas of the text. Larry Sitsky describes the music as "tightly integrated" and "largely based on the 'row' [of tones] which appears as a fanfare at the commencement of the opera." And Henry Cowell has characterised this composition as "the only opera to betray knowledge of Schoenberg's early style before Wozzeck."
Because Arlecchino was too short in duration for a full evening's entertainment, Busoni composed his two-act opera Turandot to serve as an accompanying work.
Roles
Instrumentation
Orchestra: 2 flutes (both doubling piccolo), 2 oboes (2nd doubling English horn), 2 clarinets (2nd doubling bass clarinet in C), 2 bassoons (2nd doubling contrabassoon); 3 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones; timpani, 3 percussion (glockenspiel, triangle, tambourine, military drum, bass drum, cymbals, tam-tam, celesta); strings (8 violins I, 8 violins II, 6 violas, 6 cellos, 6 double basses). Stage music: 2 trumpets, timpani.
Synopsis
The opera, which is in one act, consists of a prologue and four movements. It is set in Bergamo, Italy, around about the 18th century.
Prologue:
Arlecchino, in mask and motley costume, appears in front of the curtain to the sound of a fanfare and delivers a brief speech about the ensuing action.
The curtain rises to reveal a meandering and hilly street in the upper city. It is just before evening. The door to Matteo's house is front left; the entrance and sign of a wine pub are further along the street, upper right.
First movement: Arlecchino as Rogue
1. Introduction, Scene, and Arietta. Ser Matteo, the tailor, sits in front of his house sewing and silently reading. He becomes more animated and begins to read aloud in Italian the story of the illicit love of Paolo and Francesca from the Fifth Canto of Dante's Inferno. Ironically, through a window above, Arlecchino can be seen making love to Matteo's beautiful young wife, Annunziata. Matteo thinks of Don Juan as he contemplates the prospect of the two lovers being condemned to hell, and the orchestra softly quotes the "Champagne Aria" from Mozart's Don Giovanni. Finishing with Annunziata, Arlecchino leaps from the window, landing in front of Matteo, and recites the next line from Dante: Quel giorno più non vi leggemmo avanti ("We read no more that day"). He quickly tells the confused tailor, that war has broken out, and the barbarians are at the gate. Grabbing the tailor's scissors to hoist his coat as a banner, Arlecchino filches the house key from a pocket, and hustling Matteo inside, locks the door. Soon after he departs, from off-stage, we hear him singing an extended and defiant "la-la-le-ra!"
2. Duet. The abbot and doctor come strolling down the road in front of the house. They are deep in conversation on "professional" matters. To a series of outrageous pronouncements, the orchestra provides an accompaniment consisting of a set of variations on a pleasing Mozartian theme. Abbate Conspicuo, noticing they are in front of the lovely Annunziata's house, which is however all locked up, calls out several times to Matteo but receives no response. Finally Matteo cautiously opens the window partway to ascertain their identity.
3. Trio. Feeling reassured, Matteo reveals the sinister news of war and the imminent arrival of the barbarians. Panic ensues. The abbot recites the names of his ten daughters, fearful of their fate. Das gibt zu denken ("Something to consider"), says the doctor. Pausing for a moment's reflection, the doctor and the abbot offer to inform the mayor. Leaving on their errand, they soon stray into the neighboring inn to cogitate over a glass of Chianti.
Second movement: Arlecchino as Warrior.
4. March and Scene. In the company of two constables () Arlecchino returns in military attire and informs Matteo he has been called up and has three minutes in which to get his house in order. While away Arlecchino has made a copy of the key, and surreptitiously returns the original. The dumbfounded tailor appears in a ridiculous improvised uniform, requests and receives permission to carry along his beloved Dante, and sadly goes off, accompanied by the two constables. [This bit evokes a sad event in Italian history. In 1499 the French captured Milan and imprisoned the leader of the city, Ludovico Sforza (who was also a close friend of Leonardo da Vinci). He was allowed one book: Dante's La divina Commedia.]
Third movement: Arlecchino as Husband.
5a. Scene and Aria. To Arlecchino's consternation, his wife Colombina appears just as he is trying to use his new key to open up Matteo's house. Not recognizing him initially, she asks the presumed Captain to protect her as an abandoned wife. As he turns round to face her, she suddenly realizes that the "Captain" is actually Arlecchino and begins reproaching him for his faithlessness, only pausing to powder her face. In response Arlecchino delivers a short speech concerning his views on marriage and fidelity: Die Treue, Madame, ist ein Laster, das meiner Ehrsamkeit nicht ansteht. – "Fealty, madame, is a vice which does not apply to my respectability."
5b. Arietta. Arlecchino concludes by asking Colombina how she sleeps. Colombina changes her tune. Singing in alternating 3/4 and 2/4, she attempts to flatter Arlecchino, describing how other women envy her position as his wife. She then sings of her own virtues as a wife: she can dance and sing, and play the tambourine. As Colombina nestles up to him, Arlecchino, not taken in by her ploy, says: O Colombina, siehst du jenen Stern? - "Oh Colombina, dost thou see yonder star?" As Colombina gazes up at the night sky, he quickly makes his escape.
6. Scene for two, then three characters. The sweet tenor voice of the cavalier Leandro is heard singing a romanza: Mit dem Schwerte, mit der Laute, zieht des Wegs der Trovador ("With sword and lute the troubadour roams"). He soon appears, with his lute and sword and wearing a feather cap. Neither slim nor young, he is a typical Italian operatic tenor. Colombina resumes her role as the abandoned woman, and Leandro launches into a classic Italian vengeance aria (Contro l'empio traditore la vendetta compierò - "Against the impious traitor shall I exact revenge"). At its conclusion he turns and bows smiling to the audience.
Colombina, however, is skeptical and poses as Elsa of Brabant (Könnt' ich jemals einem Manne noch trauen! – "Could I ever again trust a man!") and Leandro assumes the role of Lohengrin. The orchestra accompanies with a Wagnerian parody: string tremolandi, dense woodwind chords, and pointless fanfare rhythms. A bel canto parody follows (Venus sieht auf uns hernieder – "Venus looks down upon us") complete with portamento and a stretta. According to Beaumont, the stretta's "prototype lies somewhere between Cimarosa, Mozart, or Rossini but its harmonic language, with abrupt changes of key and symmetrical chromaticisms, is pure Busoni."
Arlecchino, back in his motley costume, has been watching Colombina and Leandro through his lorgnette. He now springs forward, congratulating Colombina for educating herself in his school, and escorts her to the inn. Returning to Leandro, he challenges him to a duel, fells him, and disappears into Matteo's house.
Fourth movement: Arlecchino as Victor.
7. Scene, Quartet and Melodrama. Colombina, Abbate and Dottore emerge from the inn. The two men are stumbling about and bump into Leandro lying in the road. Dottore pronounces the body dead. Colombina wails and throws herself on the prostrate Leandro, but soon realizes he is alive. Dottore disputes her diagnosis, but Abbate declares a resurrection. Many faces had appeared in the windows of the neighboring houses after all the commotion, but when Abbate calls for aid, they disappear, and the windows close. A donkey cart and carter appear from around the corner, so they decide to put Leandro on the cart. As Abbate calls for prayer, Leandro revives and joins in making a quartet and a parody suggestive of Rigoletto.
Finally, as they load Leandro on the cart and the sad little group leaves the stage heading for the hospital, Arlecchino appears at the attic window of Matteo's house and bids them adieu. Climbing onto the roof he ecstatically declares:
He slides down a drain pipe, opens the door, embraces the waiting Annunziata, and the two of them leave the stage.
8. Monologue. Matteo returns and enters the house. He appears at a window with a lamp in one hand and a piece of paper in the other, which he reads aloud. It is a note from Annunziata claiming she has gone off to Vespers and will soon return. Matteo emerges from the house with the lamp and his Dante, and resumes sewing at his workplace, while waiting for her return. A drop-curtain is slowly lowered, and two trumpeters in traditional theater uniforms take positions left and right.
9. Procession and Dance. (Finale.) In procession the other characters, Leandro and Colombina, Dottore and Abbate, the donkey and the cart, the two constables, and finally Arlecchino and Annunziata, cross the stage and bow to the audience. Arlecchino removes his mask and addresses the audience, explaining the new disposition of the couples, which shall last "until something new happens?" He and Annunziata join in a dance as they leave the stage. The drop-curtain rises and Matteo can be seen, still reading and waiting.
Recordings
Note: Select the catalog number link for additional recording details.
Busoni: Arlecchino & Turandot - Chorus & Orchestra of the Opéra de Lyon
Conductor: Kent Nagano
Principal singers: Ernst Theo Richter (Arlecchino); Susanne Mentzer (Colombina); Thomas Mohr (Ser Matteo del Sarto); Wolfgang Holzmair (Abbate Cospicuo); Philippe Huttenlocher (Dottor Bombasto); Stefan Dahlberg (Leandro)
Label: Virgin Classics VCD7 59313-2 (2 CDs)
Busoni: Arlecchino - Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra
Conductor: Gerd Albrecht
Principal singers: Peter Matič (Arlecchino, spoken)/Robert Wörle (Arlecchino, sung); René Pape (Ser Matteo del Sarto); Siegfried Lorenz (Abbate Cospicuo); Peter Lika (Dottor Bombasto); Robert Wörle (Leandro); Marcia Bellamy (Colombina, sung)/Katharina Koschny (Colombina, spoken)
Label: Capriccio 60 038-1 (1 CD)
Downloadable score
References
Notes
Sources
Operas set in the 18th century
German-language operas
Operas by Ferruccio Busoni
Operas
One-act operas
1916 operas
Operas set in Italy
Harlequin
Commedia dell'arte | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlecchino%20%28opera%29 |
The Root River is a river that flows to Lake Michigan at the city of Racine in southeastern Wisconsin in the United States. Racine and Racine County are named for the river, as racine is the French word for root.
Course
The Root River rises in the Waukesha County suburb of New Berlin and flows generally southeastwardly through the Milwaukee County suburbs of West Allis, Greenfield, Greendale and Franklin, into Racine County, where it enters Lake Michigan at Racine.
Variant names
According to the Geographic Names Information System, the Root River has also been known historically as:
Chippecotton
Chipperooton
Kipikawi
Ot-chee-beek
Racine River
There was at one time a hamlet in Greenfield called Root Creek on the bank of what was locally called "Root Creek" rather than "Root River".
See also
List of Wisconsin rivers
List of Wisconsin county name etymologies
List of U.S. counties named after rivers
References
External links
Columbia Gazetteer of North America entry
DeLorme (1992). Wisconsin Atlas & Gazetteer. Freeport, Maine: DeLorme. .
Rivers of Wisconsin
Milwaukee metropolitan area
Rivers of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin
Rivers of Racine County, Wisconsin
Rivers of Waukesha County, Wisconsin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root%20River%20%28Wisconsin%29 |
Filopodia (: filopodium) are slender cytoplasmic projections that extend beyond the leading edge of lamellipodia in migrating cells. Within the lamellipodium, actin ribs are known as microspikes, and when they extend beyond the lamellipodia, they're known as filopodia. They contain microfilaments (also called actin filaments) cross-linked into bundles by actin-bundling proteins, such as fascin and fimbrin. Filopodia form focal adhesions with the substratum, linking them to the cell surface. Many types of migrating cells display filopodia, which are thought to be involved in both sensation of chemotropic cues, and resulting changes in directed locomotion.
Activation of the Rho family of GTPases, particularly cdc42 and their downstream intermediates, results in the polymerization of actin fibers by Ena/Vasp homology proteins. Growth factors bind to receptor tyrosine kinases resulting in the polymerization of actin filaments, which, when cross-linked, make up the supporting cytoskeletal elements of filopodia. Rho activity also results in activation by phosphorylation of ezrin-moesin-radixin family proteins that link actin filaments to the filopodia membrane.
Filopodia have roles in sensing, migration, neurite outgrowth, and cell-cell interaction. To close a wound in vertebrates, growth factors stimulate the formation of filopodia in fibroblasts to direct fibroblast migration and wound closure. In macrophages, filopodia act as phagocytic tentacles, pulling bound objects towards the cell for phagocytosis.
In infections
Filopodia are also used for movement of bacteria between cells, so as to evade the host immune system. The intracellular bacteria Ehrlichia are transported between cells through the host cell filopodia induced by the pathogen during initial stages of infection. Filopodia are the initial contact that human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells make with elementary bodies of Chlamydia trachomatis, the bacteria that causes Chlamydia.
Viruses have been shown to be transported along filopodia toward the cell body, leading to cell infection. Directed transport of receptor-bound epidermal growth factor (EGF) along filopodia has also been described, supporting the proposed sensing function of filopodia.
SARS-CoV-2, the strain of coronavirus responsible for COVID-19, produces filopodia in infected cells.
In brain cells
In developing neurons, filopodia extend from the growth cone at the leading edge. In neurons deprived of filopodia by partial inhibition of actin filaments polymerization, growth cone extension continues as normal, but direction of growth is disrupted and highly irregular. Filopodia-like projections have also been linked to dendrite creation when new synapses are formed in the brain.
A study deploying protein imaging of adult mice showed that filopodia in the explored regions were by an order of magnitude more abundant than previously believed, comprising about 30% of all dendritic protrusions. At their tips, they contain "silent synapses" that are inactive until recruited as part of neural plasticity and flexible learning or memories, previously thought to be present mainly in the developing pre-adult brain and to die off with time.
References
External links
MBInfo - Filopodia
MBInfo - Filopodia Assembly
New Form of Cinema: Cellular Film, proposal for documentaries with cellular imaging
Cell movement
Cytoskeleton
Cell biology
Neurons
Actin-based structures
de:Filopodium | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filopodia |
The Verneuil method (or Verneuil process or Verneuil technique), also called flame fusion, was the first commercially successful method of manufacturing synthetic gemstones, developed in the late 1883 by the French chemist Auguste Verneuil. It is primarily used to produce the ruby, sapphire and padparadscha varieties of corundum, as well as the diamond simulants rutile, strontium titanate and spinel. The principle of the process involves melting a finely powdered substance using an oxyhydrogen flame, and crystallising the melted droplets into a boule. The process is considered to be the founding step of modern industrial crystal growth technology, and remains in wide use to this day.
History
Since the study of alchemy began, there have been attempts to synthetically produce precious stones, and ruby, being one of the prized cardinal gems, has long been a prime candidate. In the 19th century, significant advances were achieved, with the first ruby formed by melting two smaller rubies together in 1817, and the first microscopic crystals created from alumina (aluminium oxide) in a laboratory in 1837. By 1877, chemist Edmond Frémy had devised an effective method for commercial ruby manufacture by using molten baths of alumina, yielding the first gemstone-quality synthetic stones. The Parisian chemist Auguste Verneuil collaborated with Frémy on developing the method, but soon went on to independently develop the flame fusion process, which would eventually come to bear his name.
One of Verneuil's sources of inspiration for developing his own method was the appearance of synthetic rubies sold by an unknown Genevan merchant in 1880. These "Geneva rubies" were dismissed as artificial at the time, but are now believed to be the first rubies produced by flame fusion, predating Verneuil's work on the process by 20 years. After examining the "Geneva rubies", Verneuil came to the conclusion that it was possible to recrystallise finely ground aluminium oxide into a large gemstone. This realisation, along with the availability of the recently developed oxyhydrogen torch and growing demand for synthetic rubies, led him to design the Verneuil furnace, where finely ground purified alumina and chromium oxide were melted by a flame of at least , and recrystallised on a support below the flame, creating a large crystal. He announced his work in 1902, publishing details outlining the process in 1904.
By 1910, Verneuil's laboratory had expanded into a 30-furnace production facility, with annual gemstone production by the Verneuil process having reached in 1907. By 1912, production reached , and would go on to reach in 1980 and in 2000, led by Hrand Djevahirdjian's factory in Monthey, Switzerland, founded in 1914. The most notable improvements in the process were made in 1932, by S. K. Popov, who helped establish the capability for producing high-quality sapphires in the Soviet Union through the next 20 years. A large production capability was also established in the United States during World War II, when European sources were not available, and jewels were in high demand for their military applications such as for timepieces.
The process was designed primarily for the synthesis of rubies, which became the first gemstone to be produced on an industrial scale. However, the Verneuil process could also be used for the production of other stones, including blue sapphire, which required oxides of iron and titanium to be used in place of chromium oxide, as well as more elaborate ones, such as star sapphires, where titania (titanium dioxide) was added and the boule was kept in the heat longer, allowing needles of rutile to crystallise within it. In 1947, the Linde Air Products division of Union Carbide pioneered the use of the Verneuil process for creating such star sapphires, until production was discontinued in 1974 owing to overseas competition.
Despite some improvements in the method, the Verneuil process remains virtually unchanged to this day, while maintaining a leading position in the manufacture of synthetic corundum and spinel gemstones. Its most significant setback came in 1917, when Jan Czochralski introduced the Czochralski process, which has found numerous applications in the semiconductor industry, where a much higher quality of crystals is required than the Verneuil process can produce. Other alternatives to the process emerged in 1957, when Bell Labs introduced the hydrothermal process, and in 1958, when Carroll Chatham introduced the flux method. In 1989 Larry P Kelley of ICT, Inc. also developed a variant of the Czochralski process where natural ruby is used as the 'feed' material.
Process
One of the most crucial factors in successfully crystallising an artificial gemstone is obtaining highly pure starting material, with at least 99.9995% purity. In the case of manufacturing rubies, sapphires or padparadscha, this material is alumina. The presence of sodium impurities is especially undesirable, as it makes the crystal opaque. But because the bauxite from which alumina is obtained is most likely by way of the Bayer process (the first stage of which introduces caustic soda in order to separate the Al2O3) particular attention must be paid to the feedstock.
Depending on the desired colouration of the crystal, small quantities of various oxides are added, such as chromium oxide for a red ruby, or ferric oxide and titania for a blue sapphire. Other starting materials include titania for producing rutile, or titanyl double oxalate for producing strontium titanate. Alternatively, small, valueless crystals of the desired product can be used.
This starting material is finely powdered, and placed in a container within a Verneuil furnace, with an opening at the bottom through which the powder can escape when the container is vibrated. While the powder is being released, oxygen is supplied into the furnace, and travels with the powder down a narrow tube. This tube is located within a larger tube, into which hydrogen is supplied. At the point where the narrow tube opens into the larger one, combustion occurs, with a flame of at least at its core. As the powder passes through the flame, it melts into small droplets, which fall onto an earthen support rod placed below. The droplets gradually form a sinter cone on the rod, the tip of which is close enough to the core to remain liquid. It is at that tip that the seed crystal eventually forms. As more droplets fall onto the tip, a single crystal, called a boule, starts to form, and the support is slowly moved downward, allowing the base of the boule to crystallise, while its cap always remains liquid. The boule is formed in the shape of a tapered cylinder, with a diameter broadening away from the base and eventually remaining more or less constant. With a constant supply of powder and withdrawal of the support, very long cylindrical boules can be obtained. Once removed from the furnace and allowed to cool, the boule is split along its vertical axis to relieve internal pressure, otherwise the crystal will be prone to fracture when the stalk is broken due to a vertical parting plane.
When initially outlining the process, Verneuil specified a number of conditions crucial for good results. These include: a flame temperature that is not higher than necessary for fusion; always keeping the melted product in the same part of the oxyhydrogen flame; and reducing the point of contact between the melted product and support to as small an area as possible. The average commercially produced boule using the process is in diameter and long, weighing about . The process can also be performed with a custom-oriented seed crystal to achieve a specific desired crystallographic orientation.
Crystals produced by the Verneuil process are chemically and physically equivalent to their naturally occurring counterparts, and strong magnification is usually required to distinguish between the two. A telltale characteristic is the Verneuil crystal is curved growth lines (curved striae) form, as the cylindrical boule grows upwards in an environment with a high thermal gradient, while the equivalent lines in natural crystals are straight. Another distinguishing feature is the common presence of microscopic gas bubbles formed due to an excess of oxygen in the furnace; imperfections in natural crystals are usually solid impurities.
See also
Bridgman–Stockbarger method
Czochralski method
Float-zone silicon
Kyropoulos method
Laser-heated pedestal growth
Micro-pulling-down
Shelby Gem Factory
References
R. T. Liddicoat Jr., Gem, McGraw-Hill AccessScience, January 2002, Page 2.
Chemical processes
Mineralogy
Gemology
French inventions
Industrial processes
Crystals
Science and technology in France
Methods of crystal growth | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verneuil%20method |
"The Final Cut" is the title track from Pink Floyd's 1983 album The Final Cut.
Background
This song tells of a man's isolation, depression, sexual repression and rejection. At the end of the song he attempts suicide but "never had the nerve to make the final cut". Additionally, the song may be told from its main character of Pink.
"The Final Cut" is one of four songs (along with "The Hero's Return", "One of the Few", and "Your Possible Pasts") used in The Final Cut that had been previously rejected from The Wall. This song is in the video version of the album The Final Cut Video EP. The song made an appearance as the B-side of the "Selections from the Final Cut" radio promo single (with "Your Possible Pasts" on the A-side.) It also appears in the film Strange Frame.
Personnel
Roger Waters – vocals, bass guitar, acoustic guitar, tape effects
David Gilmour – guitar, backing vocals
Nick Mason – drums, tambourine
with:
Michael Kamen – piano, harmonium, orchestrations
Cultural references
The album The Dark Side of the Moog VI (1997) by Klaus Schulze and Pete Namlook is subtitled "The Final DAT".
References
1983 songs
Pink Floyd songs
Rock ballads
Anti-war songs
Songs about suicide
Songs about mental health
Songs written by Roger Waters
Song recordings produced by Roger Waters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Final%20Cut%20%28song%29 |
The counselor of the United States Department of State is a position within the United States Department of State that serves the secretary of state as a special advisor and consultant on major problems of foreign policy and who provides guidance to the appropriate bureaus with respect to such matters. The counselor conducts special international negotiations and consultations, and also undertakes special assignments from time to time, as directed by the secretary of state. Currently, the counselor holds under law a rank equivalent to that of under secretary of state. Unlike the other under secretaries of state, the counselor currently does not require Senate confirmation. Historically, the role was appointed by the president, by and with the advice and consent of the United States Senate as authorized by 22 U.S. Code § 2651a as one of four "other senior officials."
The secretary of state created the position of counselor for the Department of State in 1909 as part of a general department reorganization. In 1912, the position became a presidential appointment. Between 1913 and 1919, the counselor served as the department's second-ranking officer, assuming the role previously exercised by the assistant secretary of state. In 1919, the newly created position of under secretary of state subsumed the duties of the counselor. An Act of Congress, May 18, 1937, re-established the position of counselor of the Department of State. Between 1961 and 1966, the counselor also served as the chairman of the Policy Planning Council. On April 30, 1994, the title was changed to under secretary of state for global affairs when Counselor Timothy E. Wirth was appointed to that position, but another counselor was appointed in 1997.
List of counselors of the United States Department of State
References
1909 establishments in Washington, D.C.
United States diplomacy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counselor%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Department%20of%20State |
Sherry Lawrence (born January 17, 1984) is a Canadian alpine skier who represented Canada at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.
Lawrence was born and lives in Calgary, Alberta where she attended high school at the National Sport School. She learned to ski at the Nakiska which hosted the 1988 Winter Olympics. She trained as a member of the Kananaskis Alpine Ski Club.
Lawrence made her World Cup debut at Lake Louise in the 39th World Cup season at the age of 20. She placed 53rd in the Downhill event with a time of 1:27.44. Lawrence competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Downhill and Super Giant Slalom placing 27th and 33rd respectively.
References
External links
1984 births
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Canadian female alpine skiers
Living people
Olympic alpine skiers for Canada
Skiers from Calgary
21st-century Canadian women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherry%20Lawrence |
Gladys Rodríguez (born June 4, 1943) is a Puerto Rican actress, comedian, and television host. She is also a Christian pastor and a priest at an Episcopalian church in Oviedo, Florida, near Orlando, United States.
Early years
Rodríguez was born in Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico. She and her parents moved to New York City when she was still a child. In New York, she received her primary and secondary education. When she was eight years old she attended the Children's Hour Academy where she learned tap dancing, drama and ballet.
In 1960, Rodríguez returned to Puerto Rico where she took drama classes under the guidance of Edmundo Rivera Alvarez. She enrolled in the University of Puerto Rico and earned a degree in Dramatic Arts.
Career
Television
Rodríguez made her television debut when she auditioned for a role in the soap opera La Mujer de Aquella Noche (The Woman of That Night) and performed alongside Braulio Castillo. The soap opera was a success and her acting caught the attention of a Peruvian director who offered her a role in the soap opera Simplemente María-2da. Parte (Simply Mary-Part 2), filmed in Peru. Simplemente María Part 2, became an international success, in Latin America.
She was inactive during the early 1970s, however in 1975 Puerto Rican television producer Tommy Muñiz offered Rodríguez to play the role of his "wife" in the situation comedy Los García. The show became very popular and is the longest running series in Puerto Rican television history, considered by many to be a Puerto Rican classic. During that period she also performed the leading roles in the soap operas: Marta Llorens with Raúl Juliá and Juan José Camero, Fue sin Querer (It Wasn't on Purpose) with Sandro de América, Verano Rojo (Red Summer) with Rogelio Guerra and Viernes Social (Social Friday) with Arnaldo André, among others. In 2006, she performed a supporting actress role in Telemundo's soap opera Dueña y Señora, starring Karla Monroig.
Rodríguez worked on the post-production stages as actress and Production Designer of the TV mini-series El Regalo which was released in 2006.
In 2007 she hosted a morning talk show Entre Nosotras (Among Us) with Alba Nydia Díaz, among other celebrities.
Theater
Rodríguez began her theater acting career by acting in the following productions: Un Tranvía llamado Deseo (A Streetcar Named Desire) and Los Soles Truncos (Fanlights) alongside Esther Sandoval, Muerte en el Nilo (Death on the Nile), Palacio de Carton (Cardboard Palace), La Enemiga (The Enemy), El Búho y la gatita (The Owl and the Pussycat), El mismo año a la misma hora (The same year at the same time) and many other more. In the 1990s she starred as Anna in the San Juan production of The King and I, and as the Mother Superior in the San Juan premiere of Sor-Presas (Nunsense). Other productions include Flor de Presidio (1989) and Steel Magnolias.
She belonged to an association of Puerto Rican actresses called MECA, which produced for television programs such as Ellas al Mediodía. Later she joined actresses, Ángela Meyer, Camille Carrion and Marilyn Pupo in the TV program called Ahora (Now).
Feature films
Rodríguez's first featured movie was the 1979 comedy Dios los cria, playing Annette. Then came the 1982 musical comedy Una Aventura Llamada Menudo alongside Puerto Rican boy band Menudo and Mexican teen actress Alondra. In this film, Rodriguez played matriarchal character Señora Mía. This was followed by the 1989 film Lo que le paso a Santiago (What Happened to Santiago), produced by Pedro Muñiz and written and directed by Jacobo Morales. Lo que le paso a Santiago was nominated for an Oscar in 1989 in the category of Best Foreign Language Film.
Filmography
Lamento Borincano - uncredited
Los Expatriados (1964) - uncredited
Un Largo viaje hacia la muerte (1968) - uncredited
Dios los cría (And God Created Them) (1979) - Annette
Una Aventura llamada Menudo (An Adventure Called Menudo) (1982) - Señora Mía
Cuentos de Don Abelardo
Lo que le Pasó a Santiago (1989) - Angelina
Posada Corazon (Novela) (1990)
El Poder del Shakti (1995)
Desvío al paraíso (Shortcut to Paradise) (1994) - Lona
La Guagua aérea (Air Bus) (1995)
Milagro en Yauco (Miracle in Yauco) (1995)
Amores como todos los demas (1999) (TV) - Yolanda
Amores (2004) TV Mini-series (2003) - Seda Blanca
El Sueño del regreso (2005) - Carlotta
El Regalo (2006) TV Mini-series - Elizabeth
The Caller (2011) - Mrs. Guidi
In 1999, she participated in the theater production of La Carreta (The Oxcart) by Rene Marques. That same year, she authored her first book, Aliup, in which she discusses her strong Christian beliefs. On March 15, 2002, she acted in the theater production of Mujeres de la Biblia (Women of the Bible), which was initially presented in the Tapia Theater of San Juan. The production's success in over 60 continuous presentations led the producers to present it outside of Puerto Rico to places like the United States.
See also
List of Puerto Ricans
Lo que le Pasó a Santiago
Braulio Castillo
Alba Nydia Díaz
Karla Monroig
History of women in Puerto Rico
References
External links
1943 births
Living people
Actresses from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican soap opera actresses
Puerto Rican writers
Puerto Rican comedians
Puerto Rican film actresses
Puerto Rican stage actresses
Puerto Rican telenovela actresses
People from Santurce, Puerto Rico
University of Puerto Rico alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladys%20Rodr%C3%ADguez |
Michael Kleppe Jamtfall (born 24 March 1987) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played for Rosenborg from 2005 to 2012. Jamtfall spent parts of 2009 and 2010 on loan at Ranheim. After suffering from injuries throughout his career, he retired from top level football in 2012 at the age of 25.
Jamtfall played as a striker, although he was also used as a right winger or as a wingback in his career. Jamtfall played for Norway at youth international level. He is the son of Jørn Jamtfall.
Club career
Jamtfall was born in Trondheim and started to play football for the local clubs National and Astor before he joined Rosenborg at the age of 15. Jamtfall played as a right wing for Rosenborg's U19 team and together with players like Alexander Tettey, Andreas Nordvik, Aksel Berget Skjølsvik and Per Ciljan Skjelbred the team won the Norwegian Youth Cup in 2005 and Jamtfall scored one of the goals when Rosenborg won 4–0 against Lyn in the final.
Jamtfall made his debut for the senior team in the first round of the 2005 Norwegian Cup against Orkla and joined Rosenborg's first-team squad after the 2005 season. In January 2006, FK Bodø/Glimt wanted to get Jamtfall on a season-long loan deal as a replacement for Trond Olsen on the left wing. Bodø/Glimt's offer were accepted by Rosenborg, but Jamtfall turned the First Division side down, because he wanted to stay at Rosenborg and wait for his chances for the first-team. Jamtfall made his debut in Tippeligaen in Rosenborg's match against Start on 23 July 2006, when he replaced Daniel Braaten in the 88th minute and assisted Yssouf Koné's goal two minutes later. One week later Jamtfall came on as a substitute for Øyvind Storflor after 68 minutes and scored his first league-goal when Lillestrøm was beaten 3–1 in Knut Tørum's first match as head coach of Rosenborg. Jamtfall made four appearances as a substitute in the 2006 season which was enough to get a medal when Rosenborg won Tippeligaen.
Jamtfall made three more appearances as a substitute in the next season, before he started his first league-match on 4 August 2007 against Stabæk. One month later he sustained a knee-injury while playing for Rosenborg's reserve team against Skarp, which put him out of play until May 2008. While recovering from his injury, Jamtfall suffered another injury and was out of play until September 2008, and made his comeback in the UEFA Cup match against Valencia on 27 November 2008. Jamtfall later signed a new contract with Rosenborg to the end of the 2009 season.
After not playing any matches for Rosenborg in 2009, Jamtfall was loaned out to Ranheim in August 2009. Jamtfall signed a new one-year-long contract with Rosenborg in January 2010, and was again loaned out to Ranheim. After playing 16 matches and scoring one goal for Ranheim in the First Division, Rosenborg decided to call Jamtfall back from loan, nine hours before the transfer window closed on 31 August 2010. Ranheim's head coach Per Joar Hansen and assistant coach Otto Ulseth was not happy with the loss of one of their best players in the last minute, and claimed that Rosenborg had no respect for their club. Jamtfall started Rosenborg's next match against Viking where he also scored a goal, and made four more appearances when Rosenborg won the league under Nils Arne Eggen's command.
The 2011 season started well for Jamtfall and he was a regular in head coach Jan Jönsson's starting line-up, but in a cup-match against Verdal on 11 May 2011 Jamtfall was again injured and had to undergo a knee surgery, which was the third time in four years. Jamtfall was aiming to make a comeback in the summer of 2013, but in May 2012 he decide to retire from football at the age of 25. He stated that he lacked motivation because of all the injuries, and said that "I've won the league and played in Europe with Rosenborg, now it's time to focus on life outside football". He played 18 league-matches where he scored three goals and a total of 31 matches and five goals for Rosenborg.
International career
Jamtfall played two matches for the Norway under-17 team in 2004, and the next year he scored one goal in nine matches for the under-18 team. After playing one match for the under-19 team in 2006, he played his two last matches for Norway in 2007 when he represented the under-21 team.
Personal life
Michael Jamtfall is the son of Jørn Jamtfall who played as a goalkeeper for Rosenborg and was capped once for Norway.
Career statistics
Honours
Rosenborg
Tippeligaen: 2006, 2010
References
1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Trondheim
Norwegian men's footballers
Rosenborg BK players
Ranheim Fotball players
Eliteserien players
Norwegian First Division players
Men's association football forwards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Jamtfall |
Juan Camilo Novoa Aguinaga (born October 5, 1981) is Colombian professional boxer. As an amateur, he won a gold medal at the 2002 Central American and Caribbean Games at junior middleweight vs Juan Ubaldo. He is nicknamed "La Boa".
Amateur career
He qualified for the Olympic Games by ending up in first place at the 2nd AIBA American 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He moved down to welterweight to participate in the 2004 Summer Olympics for his native country. There he was beaten in the quarterfinals of the welterweight (69 kg) division by Korea's Kim Jung Joo.
Professional career
He turned professional at middleweight and is 12–1, the loss being a stoppage defeat in the first round.
External links
1981 births
Living people
Colombian male boxers
Olympic boxers for Colombia
Boxers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Colombia
Competitors at the 2002 Central American and Caribbean Games
Sportspeople from Antioquia Department
Welterweight boxers
Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in boxing
20th-century Colombian people
21st-century Colombian people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20Camilo%20Novoa |
Morris B. "Bucky" Buckwalter (born November 22, 1933) is an American former professional basketball coach and executive. He played college basketball for the Utah Utes. Buckwalter served as an assistant coach and executive in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as well as a head coach in the American Basketball Association.
Buckwalter grew up in La Grande, Oregon, and played high school basketball at La Grande High School. Buckwalter played college basketball at Utah, where his team advanced to the quarterfinals of the 1956 NCAA basketball tournament before losing to the eventual champions, the Bill Russell-led San Francisco Dons.
He served briefly as head coach of the Seattle SuperSonics in 1972 (on an interim basis), and later served as the head coach of the Utah Stars of the ABA, replacing Joe Mullaney.
While with the Stars, Buckwalter was known for signing Moses Malone out of high school. He was a scout for the Portland Trail Blazers when the team passed on Michael Jordan and selected Kentucky's Sam Bowie as the second pick in the 1984 NBA draft. He served as vice-president of Basketball Operations for the Portland Trail Blazers. In 1991, he won the NBA Executive of the Year Award, as the Blazers posted a league-best 63–19 record. He retired from the Blazers in 1997.
Head coaching record
College
NBA
References
External links
BasketballReference.com: Bucky Buckwalter
College playing statistics
1933 births
Living people
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Oregon
Basketball players from Oregon
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
People from La Grande, Oregon
Portland Trail Blazers assistant coaches
Portland Trail Blazers executives
Seattle Redhawks men's basketball coaches
Seattle SuperSonics head coaches
Utah Stars coaches
Utah Utes men's basketball players
Western Basketball Association coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucky%20Buckwalter |
Meenal Jain (born 14 June 1985) is an Indian singer, known as a playback singer in Indian films.
She was a top 6 finalist in the reality show Indian Idol 2 on Indian television in 2006.
Life and career
Jain is living in Mumbai for the last 10 years and completed her graduate studies from Mithibai College, Mumbai. Recently, she did shows with singers Sonu Nigam, Abhijeet Sawant, Amit Sana, Rex D'Souza. Presently she is co-hosting a show "Music, Masti aur Dhoom". She also provided the singing voice for Barbie in the Hindi dubbed version of the 2007 animated film Barbie as the Island Princess. She also sang the song "Sakhi" on Aamir Khan's show Satyamev Jayate's seventh episode which was on domestic violence.
Indian Idol 2 performances
Aao Na
Ishq Samundar - Bottom 2 24/01/2006
Lambi Judaai - Bottom 3 31/01/2006
Nigahein Milane - Bottom 2 07/02/2006
Kuch Na Kaho
Mera Piya Ghar Aaya - Bottom 3 21/02/2006
Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam - Eliminated 28/02/2006
Grand Finale: "Woh Pehli Baar", "Right Here Right Now" with N. C. Karunya and Antara Mitra, and Baras Ja E Badal.
Playback in Bollywood
Palken Jhukao Na - Sehar (2005) with Swanand Kirkire and Music by Daniel B. George.
Dua - No One Killed Jessica (2011) with Raman Mahadevan, Joi Barua, Amitabh Bhattacharya and music by Amit Trivedi
Banarasiya - Raanjhanaa (2013) With Shreya Ghoshal, Anwesha Dutt Guptal
Cutie Pie - Ae Dil Hai Mushkil (2016) With Pradeep Singh Sran, Nakash Aziz & Antara
Sakhi - Satyamev Jayate
Gaye Kaam Se - Laila Majnu (2018) With Dev Negi, Amit Sharma
Kundali - Manmarziyaan (2018) with Meghna Mishra, Yashita Sharma
Dostigiri (2018)
References
External links
Indian Idol Official site]
1985 births
Living people
Indian women playback singers
Indian Idol participants
Indian voice actresses
Musicians from Indore
Mithibai College alumni
Singers from Madhya Pradesh
Bollywood playback singers
Women musicians from Madhya Pradesh
21st-century Indian women singers
21st-century Indian singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meenal%20Jain |
Rose spots are red macules 2-4 millimeters in diameter occurring in patients with enteric fever (which includes typhoid and paratyphoid). These fevers occur following infection by Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi respectively. Rose spots may also occur following invasive non-typhoid salmonellosis.
Rose spots are bacterial emboli to the skin and occur in approximately 1/3 of cases of typhoid fever. They are one of the classic signs of untreated disease, but can also be seen in other illnesses as well including shigellosis and nontyphoidal salmonellosis. They appear as a rash between the seventh and twelfth day from the onset of symptoms. They occur in groups of five to ten lesions on the lower chest and upper abdomen, and they are more numerous following paratyphoid infection.
Rose spots typically last three to four days.
References
Gale's Encyclopedia of Medicine, published by Thomas Gale in 1999,
External links
Medical signs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose%20spots |
Oscar Eduardo Escandón Berrío (born July 10, 1984) is a Colombian professional boxer who participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics for his native South American country. There he was stopped in the round of sixteen of the Flyweight (– 51 kg) division by Germany's Rustamhodza Rahimov. He qualified for the Olympic Games by ending up in first place at the 2nd AIBA American 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Professional career
On March 5, 2016 he became the WBC Featherweight interim champion by knocking out Mexican boxer Robinson Castellanos. He would go to fight full champion Gary Russell Jr, he would go on get stopped by Russell in the 7th round.
His win over Tison Cave to win the Interim WBA Super Bantamweight title is regarded by many as a robbery, and is one of the most controversial decisions in boxing history.
On 20 May, 2017, Escandon challenged Gary Russel Jr for the WBC featherweight title. Escandon was knocked down twice in the fight, the second knockdown, in the seventh round, being the decisive one. Escandon managed to get up, but was on shaky legs, as the referee waved the fight off.
His next fight was against Tugstsogt Nyambayar. Escandon dropped Nyambayar in the first round. In the second round, however, it was Nyambayar who managed to drop Escandon twice. In the third round, Nyambayar continued his dominance, dropping Escandon three times, the third time being the final one before the contest was waved off.
On 30 September, 2018, Escandon suffered his third loss in a row, this time against Brandon Figueroa. Figueroa was dominating the final rounds, before finishing Escandon in the tenth round, with a big uppercut that sent Escandon to the canvas. Escandon was in no condition to continue and the referee was forced to stop the fight.
Professional boxing record
References
External links
sports-reference
Oscar Escandon - Profile, News Archive & Current Rankings at Box.Live
1984 births
Living people
Colombian male boxers
People from Ibagué
Sportspeople from Tolima Department
South American Games silver medalists for Colombia
South American Games medalists in boxing
Competitors at the 2006 South American Games
Olympic boxers for Colombia
Boxers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Bantamweight boxers
Super-bantamweight boxers
Featherweight boxers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93scar%20Escand%C3%B3n |
Devdas is a 2002 Indian Hindi-language period romantic drama film directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali and produced by Bharat Shah under his banner, Mega Bollywood. It stars Shah Rukh Khan, Aishwarya Rai and Madhuri Dixit in lead roles, with Jackie Shroff, Kirron Kher, Smita Jaykar, and Vijayendra Ghatge in supporting roles. Based on the 1917 novel of the same name by Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, the film narrates the story of Devdas Mukherjee (Khan), a wealthy law graduate who returns from London to marry his childhood friend, Parvati "Paro" (Rai). However, the rejection of their marriage by his own family sparks his descent into alcoholism, ultimately leading to his emotional deterioration and him seeking refuge with the golden-hearted courtesan Chandramukhi (Dixit).
Bhansali was inspired to remake the novel into a film after reading it for a second time, and announced the project in November 1999. The screenplay was written by him and Prakash Ranjit Kapadia, who also wrote the dialogue. Nitin Chandrakant Desai built the sets between August 2000 and May 2001 and spent . Along with Bhansali and other crews, he did extensive research on Calcuttan building design from the period of the British Raj. Principal photography was handled by Binod Pradhan from November 2000 to April 2002, taking place in Bikaner, Film City, and Filmistan. While Ismail Darbar and Birju Maharaj composed the soundtrack, Monty Sharma composed the background score.
Devdas is featured in Out of Competition section at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival on 23 May 2002 and was released worldwide on 12 July that year. It was the most expensive Indian film ever made at the time, with a budget of . The film received mixed reviews when it premiered at Cannes, but was better received when it was theatrically released. The film was a major commercial success and emerged as the highest-grossing Indian film of the year, earning approximately () worldwide. It won several accolades, including 5 awards at the 50th National Film Awards, including Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment and Best Female Playback Singer (Shreya Ghoshal for "Bairi Piya"). At the 48th Filmfare Awards, it won a record-setting 11 awards, including Best Film, Best Director (Bhansali), Best Actor (Khan), Best Actress (Rai) and Best Supporting Actress (Dixit). It was also nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language.
Plot
In the 1900s, Kausalya Mukherjee is happy to receive a letter about her son Devdas's arrival from London after his stay there for ten years for law school. Kausalya informs her neighbour and close friend Sumitra, whose daughter Parvati "Paro" shared an close cordial relationship with Devdas when they were kids. When Devdas was sent to London, Paro was advised to light a lamp to bring about his return and never permitted it to extinguish. Devdas arrives and his and Paro's friendship transforms into deep love; Kausalya disapproves, owing to Paro's maternal lineage of nautch girls and nautanki performers, which she considers inappropriate for a Zamindari family like hers. Kumud, Devdas's manipulative sister-in-law, fuels her mother-in-law's thoughts.
During Kumud's baby shower, Sumitra publicly puts forth a proposal for Paro-Devdas's wedding but Kausalya discards the proposal with patronizing arrogance, remarks that Sumitra belongs to a lower-class family and hurls accusations at the mother-daughter duo. Sumitra vows to find a wealthier alliance for Paro. Paro later sneaks into Devdas' mansion to meet him but Narayan Mukherjee, Devdas's father, spots them and humiliates her and Sumitra. Devdas angrily leaves home but fails to muster courage to oppose his parents. He writes to Paro, requesting her to forget him and falsely states that love never existed between them. Broken, Paro agrees to marry an aristocrat: Bhuvan Choudhry, a forty-year-old widower with three grown-up children. Devdas's friend Chunnilal gets him to visit a brothel, where Devdas chances upon a generous courtesan named Chandramukhi, who falls in love with him. Devdas realizes his mistake, visits Paro on her wedding day, and persistently requests her to marry him but she reprimands him for abandoning her.
Paro marries Bhuvan and departs to her in-laws' where Bhuvan confesses that their marriage was required to fulfill the position of Lady of the Estate and that his love is only for his late wife. Devdas walks towards anguish and alcoholism, permanently moving into Chandramukhi's brothel. Paro performs her duties sincerely, but is unable to forget Devdas. Narayan, on his deathbed, seeks apology from Paro and yearns to see Devdas, who arrives at his funeral and passes out. Devdas begins to stay with his family while Kumud steals the vault's keys; Devdas demands her to return them but Kumud accuses him of thievery, causing Kausalya to disown him.
Paro visits Chandramukhi and holds her responsible for Devdas's addiction to alcohol but discovers that Chandramukhi loves Devdas. She invites her to Durga Puja at her in-laws' manor and introduces Chandramukhi as her friend, concealing her profession to avoid disputes. Nevertheless, Bhuvan's son-in-law Kalibabu intends to avenge an earlier encounter with Chandramukhi that had gone wrong. He exposes her and humiliates her publicly. Chandramukhi takes a stand for herself, slaps Kalibabu and states that the visit of people like him to her brothel makes it successful. Kalibabu discloses to Bhuvan and his mother about Paro's previous affair with Devdas. Paro is forbidden from stepping out of the manor by Bhuvan.
Devdas falls ill and journeys on a train, where he stumbles upon Chunnilal, who urges him to drink. A severely ill Devdas, wanting to stand by a promise he made to Paro that he would visit her before his death, travels to Paro's in-laws' village. Devdas is dropped in front of Bhuvan's manor; Paro runs to meet him but Bhuvan opposes this, asking all the doors of exit from the manor to be closed and Paro to be restrained. The manor's gates close just before Paro can reach Devdas. Devdas only sees a blurred image of Paro running toward him. Paro sobs while Devdas whispers her name and dies, prompting the lamp to flicker out.
Cast
The cast is listed below:
Production
Development
Devdas is the third Hindi remake of the 1917 Bengali novel of the same name by Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, following the 1936 and 1955 versions. The director Sanjay Leela Bhansali read the novel for a second time and decided to adapt it. When asked by a Times of India interviewer about why he based the film on the novel, he said that it was "the most widely read story", and added, "I thought it would be a fascinating challenge for me [...] to present already known and loved characters, in my very own way, with my perspective." He wanted to make this remake was "bigger, better and more spectacular than any classical movie made in Indian cinema". He explained how the novel Devdas has "a simple story [and] a soul which was so big", and confessed that he was motivated "to do justice to this, it had to be made with grandeur and opulence". He stated that it was his interpretation of the novel and "a tribute to a great story that transcends sexual love and makes emotion its hero."
Bhansali, who had wanted to make a film that has grandeur and grace, spoke of his love to the film "as much as Devdas loved his Paro. I have put more sincerity and passion into Devdas than my other two films [Khamoshi: The Musical (1996) and Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam (1999)] put together". He described the novel's main character, also named Devdas, as "the paradox of a man who was [...] like a child, utterly lovable", believing that it "exists in every male, especially every Indian male". In an interview with Man's World magazine, he found a resemblance between the character and his father, who directed the 1965 action film Lootera, starring Dara Singh. He saw Devdas "as a man who is so passionate about his love that it eventually consumes his entire being". He revealed that his father often narrates the novel's story to him, and he read it entirely for the first time at the age of 17. Furthermore, Bhansali claimed that he only altered the presentation style of the 1955 version by the director Bimal Roy, with retaining its essence.
The first news about Devdas appeared in an article written by Bhawana Somaaya for The Hindu in November 1999. It was produced (and financed) by the industrialist Bharat Shah under his production company, Mega Bollywood. The screenplay was written by Bhansali with Gujarati playwright and television series writer Prakash Ranjit Kapadia, who also wrote the dialogue. The distribution was handled by Eros International directly in India, the United Kingdom and the United States. In May 2002, after negotiations with companies such as Pathé and Fortissimo Films for world sales and Miramax Films for distribution rights in the United States and United Kingdom, Eros assigned Focus Features as the sales agent outside the United States and India, including the United Kingdom and France in collaboration with Eros. However, in November the same year, Eros reclaimed these rights from Focus after months of negotiations for them and planned to sell remaining rights at the MIFED market; the companies had jointly handled sales in France, Switzerland, Greece, Australia and North Korea in the interim. Bhansali included several novelties on its plot, as he had a desire to make it different from its predecessors; for instance, in the novel, Devdas returns from his studies in Calcutta (present-day Kolkata), while in the film's version, he is shown finishing his studies in London. In June 2000, the film faced controversy when another producer, K. Chopra, had registered a film with the same title. Bhansali, however, was able to successfully get the title.
Casting
Shah Rukh Khan, Aishwarya Rai, and Madhuri Dixit were cast as the lead actors. At the same time when the film's first report appeared, it was reported that Bhansali tried to offer Dixit the role of Chandramukhi, a part written specifically for her. She declined it because of her marriage to the cardiovascular surgeon Shriram Madhav Nene on 17 October 1999, but eventually accepted it in September 2000. She said of her excitement about the collaboration: "Working with Sanjay was a dream. He gives you a lot of scope and leeway with the role's interpretation. Since he has the whole film worked out in his mind, he is aware of the length of the scene. He knows exactly what he wants from each scene in order to keep the storyline crisp."
Devdas marked the third film between Khan and Rai, after the romantic films Josh (2000) and Mohabbatein (2000). The former features as Devdas, a Bachelor of Law student who later being an alcoholic, which was originally offered to Govinda and Salman Khan. Bhansali approached him in February 2000, following the release of Khan's Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani (2000). Having watched his performances while assisting Vidhu Vinod Chopra in 1942: A Love Story (1994), Bhansali stated that he was "extremely happy" after Shah Rukh Khan accepted to star in the film. Meanwhile, the latter was given with the role of Paro, Devdas' childhood friend, the next month; this was the second collaboration between her and Bhansali, following Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam. She first heard the story of the novel when he narrated the film's script to her. Prior to her, several actresses were offered to play the role, including Kajol and Kareena Kapoor. Working with Bollywood well-known stars was a new experience for her, who was a newcomer at the time after debuted in Mani Ratnam's Tamil political film Iruvar (1997) and she said, "[...] so the fact that this was an opportunity to work with them on a big scale was one of the immediate attractions."
The supporting cast includes Kirron Kher, Smita Jaykar, and Vijayendra Ghatge. In August 2000, Kher was cast as Paro's mother, Sumitra. She had always wanted to work with Bhansali after sees his work in Khamoshi: The Musical and Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam, and met him at the 50th Berlin International Film Festival when the screening of her film, the drama Bariwali, in 2000. He offered Kher two roles, Sumitra and Devdas' mother Kaushalya, but the director suggested her to choose the former role. In an interview with Rediff.com, she described the role as "a very definite character, never seen on the big screen before", and found it to be different compared with other mother roles from any films. She also felt that it gave her "a lot of scope to perform—from a flamboyant, young and larger-than-life character." Kher later positively spoke of her rapport with him: "What made me keen on working with him was the bound script that he gave me and the unusual characterisation of Sumitra."
Jaykar, who was also offered with both roles, chose to play Kaushalya. Jaykar explained that she had portrayed similar roles before, and believed that they were "very bechari [hopeless] [...] lots of soulful crying". A second collaboration with Bhansali subsequent to his previous venture, she confessed, "The look of this film is different from that of Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam. It is richer, more opulent." Ghatge portrays Paro's husband Bhuvan, a forty-old-year zamindar; he said that Bhansali initially wanted him to play a role opposite Kher (he did not mention specifically). Discussing his role, Ghatge stated, "What I like about my character is that he comes from a noble lineage. There is a dignity, a grace in him that appealed to me." Ghatge compared the film to two Kamal Amrohi's historical films—Pakeezah (1972) and Razia Sultan (1983)—and noted how Devdas "is the only other lavish film I have ever seen". Vijay Chrisna got the role of Narayan, Devdas' father, and he was sure Bhansali offered him it because of his age factor.
In October 2000, Jackie Shroff joined the cast and made a extended cameo appearance, playing Devdas' friend Chunnilal (a role that was declined by Govinda, Manoj Bajpayee, and Saif Ali Khan).
Sets
The production design of Devdas led by Nitin Chandrakant Desai (Bhansali's collaborator in Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam), with between sixty and one hundred assistants, including Pune-based architect Dheeraj Alkokar, helped him in several constructions. Bhansali wanted the sets to be different from the novel's 1936 and 1955 Hindi remakes and, to fulfill his request, Desai visited the National Film Archive of India to collect the photographs of the previous remake versions and "to be sure that there is no duplication". As the film is set in the 1900s, Bhansali, Desai and other crews did extensive research and discussions on house design from the period of the British Raj in Calcutta and Indian culture at the time. After this research, Desai came up with the first four different set designs: Paro's haveli and mansion, Devdas' house, and Chandramukhi's brothel.
Desai started building the sets in August 2000—two months before the shooting began—and finished in May 2001 in Film City, a film studio complex in Mumbai. For representing an aristocratic family, he was predominantly used the colors yellow and green for Devdas' no-walls in-between house to make it a 1911 British-styled home, and used between 128 and 180 pillars (this was inconsistently reported), each high. The building had a total area of , and was constructed on a budget.
For Paro's haveli, the place where she lives before marriage, Desai spent and used pink and blue as the main colors. He told Anita Aikara of The Indian Express in a 2011 interview, "[...] I spend so much time in the details of the home that Bhansali asked me to rework Devdas' house. It looked very small when compared to Paro's [haveli]." According to India Today journalists, 1.22 million pieces for Paro's bedroom's stained glass were continuously made in ten days; Alkokar claimed that it is aimed to "reflect her fragile beauty". A number of painted walls with standstill figures were created for Paro's mansion, features in the film post her marriage to Bhuvan, and, this time for the primary color, Desai chose "claustrophobic" red. Both Devdas' and Paro's house were done in November 2000.
The brothel of Chandramukhi was the most expensive set among others, with was spent; The Times of India called it "the costliest set of made in the history of Hindi cinema", while Alkokar said that it was "the most challenging job". A multidimensional set with a temple city and an artificial lake around it, the construction was inspired by the Dilwara Temples located in Rajasthan. With the major color of festive gold, the set had 60 explicitly-carved domes and a chandelier. For the song "Dola Re Dola", Desai (without Alkokar's help) used twenty-five pieces of glass for the floor and added a layer to prevent actors from getting injured when they dance on it. The media estimated the total budget of the film's entire sets to be , and reported that it took nearly nine months to build them. Desai recalled the experiment as "a beautiful challenge, as a classic masterpiece had to be recreated with precision and opulence".
Characters
Abu Jani, Neeta Lulla, Reza Shariffi, and Sandeep Khosla designed the costumes. Lulla claimed to be a fan of the duo Jani and Khosla, adding that "I do not know them on a personal level, but I received positive vibes. We were competing among ourselves not with each other." In preparation, the crews watched a number of Bengali films based on Kolkata, talking to locals, and did research on the Bengali culture, including traditional wear and dress patterns at that time. They visited several museums, and made intensive discussions on the costumes that, according to The Times of India, "... would be a blend of [a look] from the magical period and a look that today's audience could relate to". All of the clothes by Jani and Khosla were inspired by traditional Bengali clothes from the 1930s and 1940s. Beside that, Lulla bought 600 saris from the city and mix-and-matched them: "Sometimes, I mixed two saris in one, sometimes three." Designing the jewellery as well, she chose kundan and garnet, which she found to be "suited the [film's] era", and added stones in them.
Khan had read the novel version several years before the shooting, however, confessing that he did not want to watch the two remakes, starring K. L. Saigal and Dilip Kumar as his character. He said, "I did not want my own interpretation to be influenced by what he had done." Devdas, a part that required Khan to drink, has two different appearances—the first was a western look, while the second was a typical alcoholic look. For the former, which features in the film following the character's study in London, Jani and Khosla bought vintage suits, including cravat, handkerchief, and shoes, from old-clothing stores in the same city. For the latter, they dressed him in beige, white, and off-white, although Khan wanted the character to wear black clothes. They also gave Khan an angvastra, chikan, dhoti, and kurta, and a short-hair cut to show his nonchalant nature.
Same as Khan, Rai decided to not watch the earlier remakes and wanted "to go in to this project with no mental frame of reference whatsoever, I wanted my Paro to be Sanjay's interpretation of the character and to do that, I needed to stay free of any conceptions based on what previous actresses had done with the role." Lulla gave the mix-and-match product of 600 saris—with traditional motifs of Kantha and traditional-striped borders, called chudipaard and aashpaard—to her for the film's first half; according to reports from the media, it was revealed that each saris took around three hours to drape on a mannequin. While for the second half, Rai wore dhakais with eight to nine meters long, which was different from the regular size of six meters. Furthermore, Lulla used tangails, ashpards, chudipards, and Chinese brocades. She used traditional print valkalams for Jaykar and Banarasi sari for Ananya Khare, playing Devdas' sister-in-law.
Dixit believed that Devdas and the two previous versions "are entirely different", and commended Bhansali's "mounting, eye for detail [and] passion" for "[helping] raise the movie to an absolutely [dissimilar] level altogether". Describing Chandramukhi as "a very poignant, very feminine character", she compared her part to Rekha's role in Muqaddar Ka Sikandar (1978). Dixit, who portrayed a courtesan for the first time, admitted that it was "a very challenging role, especially since Sanjay does not compromise with quality". She added, "Still she has much resilience. She belongs to a relegated category but she possesses a golden heart. Playing such a role was an excellent experience." She wore ghagra cholis, Banarasi saris, brocades, and silk saris that have a total weight of approximately thirty kilograms and costed , making its designers Jani and Khosla were initially reluctant to give her the costumes. Moreover, Dixit experienced difficulty when she wore the dress for publicity stills, leading the duo to create a new lighter version, weighted sixteen kilograms. The lengha was described as a 'marvel of mirrors which took a team of skilled artisans two months to put together and featured as part of 'The Fabric of India' exhibit held in 2015 at the Victoria & Albert Museum in London.
Meanwhile, Lulla worked on Rai's and Dixit's saris in the song "Dola Re Dola", along with Shariffi who helped to design the latter actress' costume. Jani and Khosla designed Shroff's costumes as well; an open-collared sherwani, dhoti, and kurta were employed. Interviewed by the journalist Aseem Hattangady of Rediff.com, they complained that "the biggest challenge was, we had to avoid having the ensembles look fresh and unworn. This was achieved by selective washing."
Filming
Binod Pradhan served as the cinematographer for Devdas. He met Bhansali when the shooting of 1942: A Love Story and supposed to filmed Khamoshi: The Musical, but he was replaced by Anil Mehta for an unknown reason. Pradhan said, "It took time to adjust to Sanjay's style of work. I am known to be a slow cameraman. Initially, we would discuss camera angles and how he wanted a scene shot. But now, I can read his mind. I know exactly what he wants." He praised Bhansali for "handles love stories with a sensitivity that I have never seen on screen before". While working with Bhansali, Pradhan found the director to be "meticulous and painstaking" and it was revealed that the latter did research before the shooting began.
It took two days for Pradhan to work on the sets' lighting; he used three million watts of power produced by 42 generators and 2,500 lights with 700 lightmen were employed. Principal photography started in November 2000 in Film City. Birju Maharaj, Saroj Khan, Vaibhavi Merchant, and the duo Pappu–Malu (born Zahur Sheikh and Kavita Gandhi, respectively) completed the choreography. The artificial lake around the Chandramukhi's brothel set was filled by many gallons of water to avoid from dry up. The set was burnt three times, and the media presumed it because of the generators or diyas that were put around the location. On 9 December, the filming was delayed after two crew members had accidents on the set of Paro's haveli, with one dying (Dindayal Yadav, then aged 27) and the other (Raju Yadav) being seriously injured after trying to help the former. According to Bollywood Hungama, an electrician turned on a stand-fan while the two was near on it, causing Yadav's head was fatally hit.
A second delay happened in the 15-day shooting schedule on 8 January 2001, when the film's producer and financier Shah was arrested by the Mumbai Police; he was charged with receiving funding from the Karachi-based gangster Chhota Shakeel of the Mumbai underworld. The controversy began after a caller, claiming himself to be Abu Salem, contacted the news channel Star India and talked about his investment on Devdas. However, Shah denied the accusation, admitting that he did not know the caller, and confessed the film's entire budget was financed by himself. The trial was commenced when the pre-release of his another film, Chori Chori Chupke Chupke (2001), and finished in October 2003 with the High Court sentenced him with a one-year imprisonment.
The film's climax sequences, featuring Devdas' travel to Paro's and her husband Bhuvan's house, were shot on a train in Bikaner. In their August 2001 issue, Filmfare published that 75% of the film was completed. Also that month, another accident occurred, resulting in the death of the 40-year-old lightman Subhash Morkar. The schedule for the song "Dola Re Dola" took place in Filmistan in November 2001. Shooting was completed on 29 April 2002. After the filming ended, it was edited by Bhansali's sister Bela Sehgal. Jitendra Chaudhary handled the audiography, while Monty Sharma did the background score.
Music
The entire soundtrack and lyrics for Devdas was composed by Ismail Darbar, making it his second collaboration with Bhansali after Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam, and written by Nusrat Badr, respectively—except for "Kaahe Chhed", composed and written by Maharaj, and "Morey Piya", written by Sameer Anjaan. The vocals were performed by Dixit, Jaspinder Narula, Kavita Krishnamurthy, KK, Maharaj, Raghav Chatterjee, Rashmi Sharma, Shreya Ghoshal, Supriya Adhikari, Udit Narayan and Vinod Rathod.
The soundtrack album, which was highly anticipated, has nine original songs and one background score. Newspapers reported that it had been considered as "Bollywood's best music album ever" even before its release on 2 April 2002 by Universal Music India. The Vice President of Universal Music India Vinay Sapru refused to confirm the music rights' purchasing cost, but the press reported that the label had given an advance of more than . Upon release, it topped charts on a number of platforms in India and emerged as the third-highest-selling Bollywood soundtrack of the year, with between 1.8 million and 2 million sales. According to Rediff.com, 5.000 units had been sold on the then-defunct e-commerce Fabmart itself. Chitralekha magazine featured the soundtrack in their listing of "Top Five Hindi Film Albums" of the year. The song "Maar Dala" became popular and entered the top 10 most-listened songs chart by Raaga.com, peaking the third position.
The album received positive critical reviews. Writing for India Today, S. Sahaya Ranjit singled out Ghoshal's "tuneful voice" and concluded, "In an age when film music is heavily westernised, the use of Indian instruments ... is pleasing. Apart from the voices, the rich choral accompaniment is prominent. A sheer delight for classical music buffs." Joginder Tuteja of Bollywood Hungama opined that Darbar's compositions and Badr's lyrics were "classical-based" and "very rich", respectively, while adding that the former did "a commendable job". Kavita Awasathi from the television entertainment network B4U shared similar thoughts of Darbar, with elaborating that "has once again weaved magic [and] done an admirable job here". Biswadeep Ghosh of Outlook observed that he "has shed all inhibitions and come up with some really divine music". A review in The Hindu said, "Ismail Durbar has made attempts to blend classical music into his tunes. But because of his dependence on and usage of familiar tunes, the music lacks the freshness."
Marketing and release
Devdas was one of the most anticipated Indian films of the year, owing to its budget and the success of Bhansali's previous directorial venture, and several trade analysts regarded it as "a massive gamble". Taran Adarsh, the editor of the film magazine Trade Guide, noted, "There seems to be a lot of interest in the film which is positive indication." In his article, Adarsh wrote that Mega Bollywood received many calls from film exhibitors across the country, "wanting to open the advance booking for two weeks instead of the regular one-week advance booking". The journalist Prerana Trehan felt that the film had good word-of-mouth publicity, and Maya C. of The Hindu labelled it as the "most-talked-about Bollywood film of the year". With a total budget of , it was the most expensive Indian film at the time. The film's promotional trailer was televised in April 2002.
On 20 April 2002, Devdas was selected to premiere at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival, after the festival's director Christian June met Bhansali in November 2001. June wanted Bhansali to send the prints of the film to him in March 2002, but Bhansali did the requirement in the next month after shooting was done. Marking the first Indian film to be screened at the festival, it was chosen for the out-of-competition section and the premiere occurred on 23 May, with its stars—Khan and Rai—were in the attendance; the press questioned about the absence of Dixit. Audiences criticized the film's themes, which had been filmed several times before, and The Hindu called it the festival's "disappointment". Bhansali, however, later said of his enjoyment about the screening, describing it as "a huge honour for Bollywood" and claimed, "To me, it seems like an opportunity for a completely new kind of audience to see our cinema." Khan and Rai went to New York City on 29 June to attend a press conference for promoting the film, this time Bhansali did not attend it.
On 11 July 2002, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting held a special screening for Indian Deputy Prime Minister L. K. Advani in an auditorium at Mahadev Road, New Delhi. Another special screening was organized at the same time, attended by the film's cast and crew members and other celebrities. On the next day, Devdas was opened worldwide after facing several postponements; it was originally scheduled for release on 14 June, but later shifted to 28 June and 12 July. It faced competition from Kuch Tum Kaho Kuch Hum Kahein, Kyaa Dil Ne Kahaa, Om Jai Jagadish and Shararat. Devdas was released on 350 screens in India and 250 screens overseas. While the film's duration was 174 minutes in India, it was shortened to 150 minutes for the overseas prints. As parts of the promotions, MTV India managed special shows for the film: Devdas – Countdown Calendar features footage and tracks from the film, and MTV's Big Picture: Director's Special contains interviews of the cast and Bhansali. The former was aired on the channel from early July to the day of the film's release, while the latter was broadcast on 18 July.
Devdas along with five other remakes of the novel was shown at the Devdas Film Festival, a six-day festival held by the Hyderabad Film Club in Secunderabad on 16–22 September 2002; the 2002 version by Bhansali was chosen as the closing of the festival. The secretary S. S. Prakash Reddy told The Hindu that the purpose of the festival was to show "people ... the subtle changes in script and the deviations from the original novel too." Devdas was selected for the Festival of Indian Feature Films and Documentaries section at the India Festival 2002 at Tagore Theatre on 21–30 September. It was screened at the Directorate of Film Festivals's 33rd International Film Festival of India on 1 October. It opened the Palm Springs International Film Festival on 12 January 2003. The film was shown at Bollywood Shuffle festival in Brooklyn on 20 December. In 2017, Fathom Events screened the film alongside the period epic romantic drama Veer-Zaara (2004) as parts of the "Best of Bollywood Event Series" event in the United States.
The novel's version by Chattopadhyay was translated to English under the title of Devdas: A Novel by Sreejata Guha in Bangalore, featuring Rai in a scene from Devdas on the cover. It was published by Penguin Books in July 2002 (shortly after the release of the film), and ranked among the highest-selling books in India. Distributed by Eros International, the film was released on a double-disc DVD on 20 January 2003 in NTSC widescreen format. The film's cable and satellite rights for Indian television were sold to Sony Entertainment Television in a five-year contract for on 18 April, and its world television premiere happened on 27 April on Sony Max. Its VHS and single-disc DVD versions were released on 26 January 2004 and 10 February 2009, respectively. The film was re-released in the English-dubbed version in July 2004 at the theatres and multiplexes across India. The film was available on a triple-disc DVD on 1 February 2005. A VCD version was also provided. The rights of the film subsequently acquired by Khan under his production and distribution company Red Chillies Entertainment. It has been accessible for streaming on Apple TV+ and Amazon Prime Video since March 2016.
Reception
Critical response
India
Devdas received mixed reviews from Indian critics, with most of them praised Dixit in her role as Chandramukhi, but panned Bhansali's direction, and Khan and Rai's performances.
Sukanya Verma described it as "a work of art and heart", saying, "Sanjay Leela Bhansali's labour of love Devdas is a larger-than-life, poignant and spectacular interpretation." However, she felt that the supporting cast "comes up with an exceedingly over-the-top performance and disrupts the entire tempo of the film", mostly that from Kher, who she found "goes overboard with her boisterous, dreamy-eyed mother". In a one-star review, the entertainment portal Bollywood Hungama stated, "... Devdas belies the expectations that one has from a film of this magnitude. Expectedly, the much-hyped film has taken a historic start all over, but it lacks in merits and most importantly, repeat value, which is so very vital to recover the colossal investment that has gone into its making." The critic explained that the film's "first half has an enjoyable mix of light moments and dramatic scenes", raising "the expectations of a better and much bigger second half. But the post-interval portions fail to hold ... attention and there are several reasons for it."
The film critic Subhash K. Jha, who gave the film a three-and-a-half stars rating, asserted that Devdas "confirms the director's faith in the power of the visual medium to create poetry out of melodrama and the audience's faith in Bhansali as one of the most gifted filmmakers mainstream Hindi cinema has produced", adding that Rai "attains legendary proportions in this film ... Her eyes are crystal-blue pools that change colours according to her character's moods." Sita Menon appreciated Dixit's performance as Chandramukhi, a part that she called the "most understated role and perhaps the one that is most lingering", for being "stunning lending passion, fire and gentleness with such consummate ease that watching her perform is sheer delight". S. Ramachandran of Mid-Day complimented Khan for "excellently hics his way through without a hiccup in the role of Devdas", and believed that Rai "pumps glamour into the much sought-after role of Paro". Writing for The New Sunday Express, Baradwaj Rangan wrote that the film was dominated with the "most-elaborate" costumes and spoke positively of how Dixit "effortlessly combines allure and sacrifice".
Outlook claimed that "[s]eeing Devdas is like witnessing an exhausting opera. It's all about the sheer self-indulgence, ego and audacity of its maker". The magazine saw that Bhansali turned the film into "a tale of female bonding, between a head-strong Paro ... and Chandramukhi", and observed of how its dialogues "are declamatory with mixed metaphors and play of words aplenty", comparing it to Mughal-e-Azam (1960) and Pakeezah. Madhu Trehan (reviewing for the magazine as well) thought that Devdas became "a chick film" because of its dialogues and screenplay. Anjana Guha Chatterjee of The Indian Express concluded, "His film is in no way Sarat Chandra's Devdas. It was entirely Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Devdas." Khalid Mohamed rated the film three stars, dismissing it as "a magnum opus" that "makes [the audience] want to hit the bottle and fast out of sheer disappointment". Even so, he noted that Mukerji was "bankably competent" and described Rai's performance as the "best" one in her career. Rajeev Masand found the film to be "a big disappointment" and declared it as "the worst film" in Bhansali's directorial career, with Roshmila Bhattacharya reviewing, "Ornate, opulent and indulgent, Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Devdas is a rich tapestry of colours."
Ziya Us Salam took note of Bhansali's ability to "give form to feeling here, expression to thought. His concept is old and familiar, his presentation new and delightful. His canvas is grand, his imagination grander still. His sets are opulent, his images larger than life, his characters larger still." Deepa Gahlot opined that both Rai and Dixit were burdened by their heavy costumes and compulsion to perform perfectly. Gahlot bemoaned that the film's dialogues were "shockingly inappropriate—cheap in places", and added that "[the] film veers completely away from the novel in the second half, when he introduces Paro's creepy step-son-in-law, makes Devdas's vampish sister-in-law vie for control, and creates a forced situation for a meeting between the Paro and Chandramukhi who do a dance number together—unthinkable at the time." Komal Nahta, giving it eight out of ten stars, was impressed with Khan's "mind-blowing" performance, commending him for playing his role "with such finesse and aplomb that it is sheer delight to watch him." Amit Khanna from India Today credited Rai for "brings a fine balance of arrogance, vulnerability and sensuality to her performance".
Siddharth Patankar from NDTV opined that most of the film's cast "overacted" in the first half, and presumed it because of Bhansali's direction. He singled out Dixit's "powerful" performance, which he thought was a "highlight" of the film. In a review published in The Hindu, the critic Paresh C. Palicha elaborated: "On the acting front, the performance of the three main actors is top-notch." He lauded Khan for "[excelling] in the role of his lifetime", noting that "he shows a tendency to go overboard in the scenes where he is shown in an inebriated state ..." Ratna Rajaiah (also from The Hindu) hailed the film was an "outstanding example of brilliant cinematic techniques and technology", and according to her, Devdas was "a fabulous, sumptuous, glittering tribute to the lofty ideal of romantic love where almost every frame leaves you gasping at its immaculately, painstaking orchestrated beauty." Sudhanva Deshpande of Frontline magazine referred to Khan as "overwhelming", while arguing that Rai gave a "below-par" performance though she "gets all of the director's attention and the best shots". Furthermore, Deshpande believed Dixit had succeeded to save her "weak" role.
Overseas
Devdas generated mixed reviews when it premiered at Cannes, with many reviewers were critical of the direction, story, sets, and costumes. Journalists also attributed it to the film's melodramatic sequences and how Khan and Rai portraying their roles as Devdas and Paro, respectively. However, better reviews were given following its theatrical release. Patrick Z. McGavin of the Chicago Tribune said that it "welds a powerful technical sophistication with a deeply emotional story that moves starkly from joyous exuberance to epic tragedy", and felt Bhansali had brilliantly directed the film, "[layering] abstract stylization with a charged dramatic construction". Writing for the BBC, Shamaila Khan gave the film nine-and-a-half stars and declared it as "one of the best films" she has ever seen, noting that it was "completely justifies [its] title as the most expensive Indian film ever made". She expressed approval of the "breathtaking" cinematography of the film, and commended its sets and costume designs.
Zeba Haider from the Arab News found Devdas to be overly "loud and melodramatic", while hailing the production aspects and the performances of the lead cast. However, Haider lauded Bhansali for "bringing the life culture and values of 1930s to a 21st-century audience" and concluded, "There is no denying that he did succeed in making the audience alive to the realities of the 1930s. No doubt the film viewer will find himself somewhere in some form in Bhansali's Devdas. And that is a great achievement." In the words of Empire magazine: "Devdas lacks Bollywood's broader comic touches but in its field, it's the event movie of the year." According to the review, Rai "proves she has the acting talent to back up her flawless looks". Giving the film two stars, the critic and film historian Derek Malcolm of The Guardian criticized its production design, which he described as "tacky". The Chicago Reader weekly's J. R. Jonas added, "... the sets and costumes are intoxicating, and whenever the tabla kicked in, I understood why people of my parents' generation used to dream about the movies."
In Screen International, Sheila Johnston wrote that Khan was a "dead loss as the film's romantic hero" and thought her chemistry with Rai "a failure". Johnston deemed that Khan looks "too old for the role", but saying that Rai "develops nicely from gorgeous doe-eyed ingenue to a figure of real stature and authority". Laura Bushell of the BBC rated the film four out of five stars, taking note of the actors, especially Rai, who the critic called "stunningly beautiful". Derek Elley of Variety summarized, "By contrast, Bhansali's reworking, in splashy color and widescreen, cranks up the fantasy elements, piles on the melodrama and shears back most of the novel's plot." Reviewing for the Radio Times, David Parkinson, giving the rating of three stars, reported Dixit had made an "exhilarating presence" in Devdas and commented that the film was "gorgeous" and "epic". Kim Linekin from Eye Weekly was appreciative of Rai's performance: "Surprisingly, the beauty pageant winner is the best actor in the bunch. Rai's doe eyes and long hair are exploited to full effect, but she also seems the most committed to the story and creates the most believable character."
Sukhdev Sandhu of The Daily Telegraph gave Devdas a scathing review by saying that it was "embarrassingly bad" and "absolutely horrid". He observed that Rai "dimply and doe-eyed, coos and trills like an asthmatic mynah bird" and saw that she failed to made a chemistry with Khan, later arguing that the film "wastes the talent of its cast". He opined, "It gives its audience a tacky, cartoon version of Bollywood. Colourful and tumultuous it my be, but its preoccupation with spectacle does not make up for the absence of soul." The Independent likened the film to a "pudding trolley" that has "flaring colours, elaborate song and dance sequences and opulent locations". Michael Dequina of the Film Threat rated the film five stars, stating "... there's more to Devdas than extravagance; the emotion and passion of the story is felt just as strongly in every frame as the budget". Rich Cline, writing for the website as well, noted in his review that the costumes were "vibrant" and regarded that its plot was "jammed with meaning and relevance".
Kryztoff de Breza did a review for Rediff.com at the film's premiere at Cannes; he described the film as "a treat to the eyes" and admired its sets and costumes, which he found to be "beautiful". In a review carried by The Globe and Mail, Liam Lacey shared similar thoughts: "It's all vastly sumptuous, though the spectacle frequently overwhelms the dramatic impact." Still, Breza was ambivalent of Bhansali's direction, mentioning that he "lose the strings and the film degenerates rapidly" when it features the sequences of Devdas and Chunnilal getting drunk. Rick McGinnis considered the cast's performances were "completely over-the-top—pitched at a level somewhere north of soap-opera hysterical—and absolutely perfect", while labelling the film "an instant Bollywood classic". Katrina Onstad of the National Post credited the film for giving its "... older generation of duelling mothers [characters] ... some great, scenery-chewing monologues". The BBC's Poonam Joshi presumed the story was "beautifully recounted through subtle and heartrending interchange". Adrian Martin recognized the film as "one of the most spectacular Bollywood musicals of the past decade".
Box office
Although the reviews were generally mixed, Devdas was highly successful at the box office in India and overseas, due to its cast's performances, costumes, dialogues, narrative style, and sound design. In India, the film had a theatrical run of fourteen weeks. It collected on the opening day, the year's highest first-day earnings, and after the first weekend. Following the first week, the film had grossed —according to The Times of India, it earned at six theatres in Hyderabad in this period. Still, Devdas gradually lost public interest and subsequently earned in the next week. The trade analyst Amod Mehra reported, "Hype has pulled the film through. Though the film is doing well in major cities, collections have dropped drastically in the interiors." He believed that the big budget of the film was negatively influenced its theatrical performance. It eventually collected , making it Indian highest-grossing film of 2002.
In the United Kingdom, Devdas emerged as the highest-grossing film of the year from India and The Guardian called it "a significant UK box office hit"; the film debuted in fifth place, grossing $730.243. By the end of its first week, the film had grossed abroad, marking the year's highest overseas first-week gross for an Indian film. At the end of its overseas running, the Hindi language collected , including $2.5 million from the United Kingdom. The film-trade website Box Office India estimated the Hindi version's total collections to be , making it the most profitable Indian film of 2002. A Chinese language version grossed a further in China. , the film grossed a total of approximately () worldwide.
Accolades
Devdas was the Indian submission for the Best International Feature Film at the 75th Academy Awards. It was chosen by the Film Federation of India (FFI) over the fantasy film Agni Varsha (2002), the dramas Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... (2001), Mondo Meyer Upakhyan (2002) and Saanjhbatir Roopkathara (2002), the war film Kannathil Muthamittal (2002) and the biopic The Legend of Bhagat Singh (2002). Bhansali met the director Ashutosh Gowariker and the actor Aamir Khan—the crew and cast members of Lagaan (2001), which was also nominated in the category at the previous ceremony—to ask for their help to get Devdas to enter the nomination. When the 75th Academy Awards was held on 23 March 2003 at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles, the film was not nominated and the FFI was blamed by journalists, including Gautaman Bhaskaran of The Hindu, who called their decision "shortsighted", "almost mulish" and "has been extremely detrimental for Indian cinema".
Devdas received a nomination for the Best Film Not in the English Language from the 56th iteration of the British Academy Film Awards (BAFTA). At the 50th National Film Awards, the film received five awards: Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment, Best Playback Singer – Female (Ghoshal), Best Production Design (Desai), Best Costume Design (Lulla, Jani, Khosla, Shariffi) and Best Choreography (Saroj Khan). It garnered a leading 17 nominations at the 48th Filmfare Awards, and won 11 awards—the most for any film at the time—including Best Film, Best Director (Bhansali), Best Actor (Khan), Best Actress (Rai) and Best Supporting Actress (Dixit). It won 16 of its 18 nominations at the 4th IIFA Awards, including Best Film, Best Director (Bhansali), Best Actor (Khan), Best Actress (Rai) and Best Supporting Actress (Kher).
Legacy
Impact
Devdas is regarded as one of Bhansali's best works. Rahul Desai of Film Companion wrote in 2017, "There is no greater film to demonstrate how the glorious vanity of song picturization in Indian movies goes a long way in defining our memories of them. Devdas, I suspect, was the beginning of Bhansali's marriage with perfection and prose—an abusive, fascinating relationship that would thrive on its imperfections in the years to come." In an interview with The Indian Express, Bhansali revealed that he would only cast Khan again if he remade the film. He called Khan's acting flawless and said that the actor "understood the character without losing his spontaneity", adding, "He has left me speechless. I had my doubts before working with him. But it's his most endearing and honest performance."
Devdas has been featured in several listings. Richard Corliss of Time magazine featured the film in his listings of "2002: Best and Worst" in 2002 and "The 10 Greatest Movies of the Millennium" in 2012. In 2010, Empire listed the film among the "100 best films of world cinema", noting: "A star-crossed love-triangle melodrama... Hollywood needs another one of those!" Also that year, Donald Clarke, writing for The Irish Times, considered it to be one of "Indian most exuberant films". In 2013, The New York Times Jeff Olozia included it in the "Louboutin's Bollywood" listing. The film was ranked sixth in Lata Jha of Mint listing of "Ten Most Popular Period Films of Bollywood" in 2015. The next year, Elena Nicolaou and Prakruti Patel from O, The Oprah Magazine featured Devdas in their listing of "25 Best Bollywood Movies of All Time".
A book on the production of the film was published by the journalist and author Mushtaq Shiekh in August 2002, entitled Devdas: The Indian Hamlet. Shah Rukh Khan and Bhansali wrote the foreword and afterword, respectively.
Influence
Dale Hudson of the film journal Screen credited Devdas for "dramatically [changing] the social mobility of women from earlier cinematic interpretations" of the novel. The Hindu hailed, "The film is even greater than Romeo and Juliet, as it has been shot more number of times than the Shakespearean play, itself." A dialogue said by Khan, "Babuji ne kahaa gaon chhod do, sab ne kahaa Paro ko chhod do..." (Dad said to leave the village, everyone said to leave Paro...), and, "Kaun kambhakkht bardaasht karne ko peeta hai?" (Who the hell drink to tolerate?), told by Khan to Dixit, attained popularity. Deepika Padukone, who collaborated with Bhansali in Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela (2013), Bajirao Mastani (2015) and Padmaavat (2018), revealed that she was impressed with how Bhansali portraying the female characters, noting: "If you look closely, every (female) character has her own life and journey; I hope my part is also as remembered and loved as that of ... Paro or Chandramukhi's."
Following the film's success, traditional Indian women's costumes emerged as a style trend of the year. The Hindu wrote that it has influenced young women in India to wear saris that have the same design with those of Rai and Dixit in Devdas. Most properties from the film, including pieces of glass from the scene in which Shah Rukh Khan's character breaking his alcohol bottle after getting drunk, were offered for purchase on several Indian auction websites. In March 2003, Rai's saris were exhibited at the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel. Talking to The Hindu, Lulla said that the "bridal collection epitomises the traditional Indian woman who believes in tasteful things of life complete with class and elegance"; she added that Rai's jewellery was popular among Indian college students. They were re-exhibited in August at the Welcomhotel Chennai. The works have been referenced in several visual arts; Suhasi Dhami's look in a 2012 episode from Yahan Main Ghar Ghar Kheli was inspired by the saris. Also that year, Filmfare included Rai's costumes in their listing of "10 Shades of Beauty", elaborating, "From her jewellery to her pallu, all her styling was given intricate details which made this Paro look flawless."
See also
List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film
List of submissions to the 75th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
Notes
References
External links
2000s musical drama films
2002 romantic drama films
2002 films
Devdas films
Films about women in India
Films directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali
Films scored by Monty Sharma
Films based on works by Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
Films set in Kolkata
Films set in the 1900s
Films shot in Maharashtra
Films shot in Mumbai
Films shot in Rajasthan
2000s Hindi-language films
Indian epic films
Indian musical drama films
Indian romantic drama films
Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment National Film Award winners
Films whose production designer won the Best Production Design National Film Award
Films that won the Best Costume Design National Film Award
Films featuring a Best Choreography National Film Award-winning choreography
Films about alcoholism
Films about courtesans in India
Films based on Indian novels
Durga Puja in popular culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devdas%20%282002%20Hindi%20film%29 |
Çamaş is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 81 km2, and its population is 8,211 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of .
Composition
There are 23 neighbourhoods in Çamaş District:
Akköy
Akpınar
Budak
Burhangüneyi
Çavuşbaşı
Danışman
Edirli
Giden
Gümüşlü
Hisarbey
Kemalpaşa
Kestaneyokuşu
Kocaman
Örmeli
Sakargeriş
Sarıyakup
Söken
Sucuali
Taşoluk
Tepeli
Uzunali
Yenimahalle
Yeşilvadi
References
External links
District governor's official website
Road map of Çamaş and environs
Populated places in Ordu Province
Districts of Ordu Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ama%C5%9F |
Çaybaşı, formerly Çilader, is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 102 km2, and its population is 11,889 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of .
Composition
There are 16 neighbourhoods in Çaybaşı District:
Akbaba
Aşıklı Çakıllı
Boras
Çağlayan
Çandır
Çay
Çayır
Cemallı
Cevizliyatak
Çınar
Eğribel
Göksu
Gürcek
Hacıali
İçeribükü
İlküvez
Kapılı
Kargalı
Köklük
Kurudere
Kuşlu
Mollalı
Namazlı
Taşkesiği
Tekke
Yenicuma
References
External links
District governor's official website
District municipality's official website
Road map of Çaybaşı and environs
Various images of Çaybaşı, Ordu
Populated places in Ordu Province
Districts of Ordu Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ayba%C5%9F%C4%B1 |
Jack Power, also known as Mass Master, and formerly as Counterweight and Destroyer, is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He first appeared in Power Pack #1 and was created by Louise Simonson and June Brigman.
Publication history
Jack was a founding member of the superhero team Power Pack. The second youngest of the four Power siblings, he was years old when he was given his powers by Aelfyre Whitemane, a dying Kymellian noble. He continued to operate with Power Pack through their entire history.
Fictional character biography
Jack Power was born in Richmond, Virginia. Brash and ornery, Jack was the "wild child" of the Power siblings. He frequently insulted and argued with both his teammates and his adversaries. Queen Maraud, Power Pack's archenemy, feared him more than the other children because she thought he would be the most likely to take advantage of the lethal nature of his powers.
However, his bold nature also made him a key fighter for the team. He possessed a tremendous amount of loyalty and courage, and usually kept a cool head even during stressful situations. Jack jumped into the East River to help his sister Katie escape from an ocean liner. He even taunted the Snark Jakal who was about to kill him with "Can't even kill someone until Mommy tells you to?!".
Jack was perhaps the most innovative member of the Pack in terms of developing new power variations. When he received new powers, he was able to figure them out quickly and invent new uses for them. He was significantly better at controlling his gravity powers than Alex.
In later stories, Jack retained his bold personality, but also showed a kinder, gentler side, opting to leave the team to care for his mother.
Age discrepancies
Jack was 8 in the original series; in the 2000 miniseries, he was 12, though this would suggest Jack had aged four years where his siblings had aged only three. Considering Julie Power, his older sister of two years, is now 17, Jack may now be 15 by proxy if his age in the 2000 miniseries factors canon to Marvel writers. In the All Ages 2005 miniseries comics (set in an alternate universe), Jack is 10.
Powers and abilities
Jack's first power was control over his own density. Initially, he was only able to turn himself into a cloudy, gaseous form. After a while, he learned how to make himself small and dense. Jack's major defenses were his ability to "go cloudy" and escape from people who were physically attacking him, and the "Jack Hammer", in which he dropped onto his enemies in his super-dense form. Several years later, Jack was able to create the molecular density force field first used by his sister Julie as Molecula.
Jack later gained his brother Alex's gravity powers. He could de-gravitize himself and anything he touched, float, and increase gravitational force. Jack modified his powers by developing the "Super-G" punch, in which he used a super-gravitized fist to hit his adversaries. With this tactic, Jack was able to knock out Arclight during the Mutant Massacre. Jack refused to use the wings that Alex had used in order to fly and took the name Counterweight.
Jack then gained the energy powers previously held by Katie and Alex. The energy powers allowed him to disintegrate matter and convert it into stored energy, as well as absorb existing energy directed against him. He could then project this stored energy as explosive spheres (referred to as "power balls"). During this time, he took the name Destroyer.
Jack eventually regained his original powers and took on his original codename of Mass Master.
Along with his siblings, Jack possessed Kymellian healing powers. Usually, he was required to work with his siblings to generate and use this ability, but he occasionally accessed it on his own.
With his siblings, Jack owned a Kymellian smartship, Friday. The ship acted as an unofficial team advisor and accompanied the Pack on several missions.
Jack wears a costume of unstable molecules created by Friday. The costume exists in an extra-dimensional space known as "Elsewhere" until summoned by voice command (the wearer would say the words "costume on!"). The costume also houses a communicator which is used to communicate with Friday, and was later modified to include a mask. As with all the team's costumes, the pockets of the costume can be used as an access point to Elsewhere itself, where the cartoon-like creatures known simply as "The Tailors" reside in a colorful wonderland of talking dinosaurs, enchanted forests, mad monarchs, surreal architecture, and malleable physical laws.
Other versions
Avengers and Power Pack Assemble!
In issues #3 & #4 of the Avengers and Power Pack Assemble! miniseries, a 20-year-old Jack Power appeared in an alternate timeline. Having had his powers disrupted by Kang; Jack was stuck in his cloud form, and had to remain in a sealed, upgraded Iron Man-type armor to keep from dissipating.
Fantastic Four and Power Pack
Within issue #4 of the Fantastic Four and Power Pack miniseries, Jack is called by his full name, which is Jonathan. It is unknown whether this name is the same for the 616 version of Mass Master.
Millennial Visions
In the "Power Pack: Starting Over" story within Marvel's 2001 Millennial Visions one-shot comic, Jack was depicted as a 28-year-old drifter who had undergone treatment for addiction in rehab. He was also forced to remain in cloudy form, having lost the control to regain his solid shape.
References
Characters created by Louise Simonson
Comics characters introduced in 1984
Fictional characters from Virginia
Marvel Comics mutates
Marvel Comics male superheroes
Marvel Comics characters with accelerated healing
Fictional characters with density control abilities
Fictional characters who can change size
Marvel Comics child superheroes
Power Pack | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Power%20%28Marvel%20Comics%29 |
Gölköy is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 421 km2, and its population is 25,960 (2022). The town is located inland from the city of Ordu on the road to Sivas. The town lies at an elevation of .
Places of interest include the Byzantine castle of Habsamana, and a number of places for walking and climbing including the village of Cihadiye and the lake of Ulugöl.
Composition
There are 30 neighbourhoods in Gölköy District:
Ahmetli
Akçalı
Alanyurt
Aydoğan
Bayıralan
Bulut
Çatak
Çetilli
Cihadiye
Damarlı
Direkli
Düzyayla
Emirler
Gölköy
Güzelyayla
Güzelyurt
Haruniye
Hürriyet
İçyaka
Kaleköy
Karagöz
Karahasan
Konak
Kozören
Kuşluvan
Özlü
Paşapınar
Sarıca
Süleymaniye
Yuvapınar
Gallery
References
External links
District governor's official website
District municipality's official website
Road map of Gölköy and environs
Detailed road map of Gölköy district
Various images of Gölköy, Ordu
Populated places in Ordu Province
Districts of Ordu Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6lk%C3%B6y |
Gülyalı, formerly Abulhayır, is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 62 km2, and its population is 8,425 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of .
Ulaş Tepe of the Republican People's Party was elected mayor in the 2019 local elections.
Composition
There are 13 neighbourhoods in Gülyalı District:
Alibey
Ambarcılı
Ayrılık
Gülistan
Hoşköy
Kestane
Mustafalı
Sayaca
Taşlıçay
Tepealtı
Turnasuyu
Ürümbey
Yeniköy
References
External links
District governor's official website
Road map of Gülyalı and environs
Various images of Gülyalı, Ordu
Populated places in Ordu Province
Fishing communities in Turkey
Districts of Ordu Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BClyal%C4%B1 |
Gürgentepe is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 185 km2, and its population is 12,617 (2022). It is inland from the city of Ordu, at an elevation of .
Features
Gürgentepe is a district of steep mountain valleys on the road between the cities of Ordu and Sivas, both transportation and agriculture are very difficult. The climate is typical of the Black Sea region with the north winds bringing humidity and much rain off the sea, although the inland side of the mountains have a dry climate. Most of the district is mountainside covered with forest and shrubs, trees including oak, chestnut and alder. The soil is volcanic, fertile and watered by mountain streams but most of the land is too steep for planting.
Composition
There are 23 neighbourhoods in Gürgentepe District:
Ağızlar
Akmescit
Akören
Akyurt
Alaseher
Bahtiyarlar
Çatalağaç
Cumhuriyet
Döşek
Eskiköy
Göller
Gülbelen
Gültepe
Hasancıkpınarı
Işıktepe
Muratçık
Okçabel
Şirinköy
Tepeköy
Tikenlice
Tuzla
Yurtseven
Yurtyeri
References
External links
District governor's official website
Road map of Gürgentepe and environs
Various images of Gürgentepe, Ordu
Populated places in Ordu Province
Districts of Ordu Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCrgentepe |
İkizce, formerly Laleli Mabeyceli, is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 148 km2, and its population is 13,276 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of .
İkizce is an agricultural district, the main crop is hazelnuts.
History
The place which is known as İkizce today dates back to the Empire of Trebizond (1204–1461). İkizce is supposed to have been conquered by Taceddinoğulları Principality which was situated in the centre of Tokat, Niksar.
İkizce had been called as "Laleli" till 1957. After the enterprises of the residents in the region, it has begun to be called as İkizce. The main reason why the region is called İkizce is the fact that a huge river divides the town into two similar parts by passing through town. Or else, the huge river which the two parts conjoin gives the name of this small town. When researched deeply in the history of Laleli, it is assumed that a principality called Lalaoğulları, which had dominated here, gave its name. Supposing that the development of Laleli was completed during the Ottoman Emperor period, the name of the town was come across in Tulip Age. Lala Pasha had already accommodated in this town while he was in war-time.
The Old Mosque accepted as holy and having no definite information about how and when it was built. The mosque is decorated with tulip figures. In İkizce, the Greek people, Armenians and the Turkish people lived together in the peace-time until 1920. However, they were forced to migrate because of the political conditions of that time. The bridge known as Bridge Keriş was built by Greeks in 1896.
Composition
There are 32 neighbourhoods in İkizce District:
Ağcaalan
Aşağı Kaynartaş
Aşağıkarlıtepe
Başönü
Beylerce
Bolluk
Derebaşı
Devecik
Diyek
Dumantepe
Düzmeşe
Düzpelit
Enağızlı
Esentepe
Fatih
Gaziler
Kale
Kervansaray
Kiraztepe
Kocaman
Kurtköy
Kurtluca
Merkez
Özpınar
Şentepe
Seymenli
Tombaşlı
Yenice
Yoğunoluk
Yukarı Kaynartaş
Yukarıkarlıtepe
Yunuskırığı
Geographical situation and conditions
İkizce is 30 km far away from Ünye and it is situated on the 15th km of Ünye–Samsun Road. On the south way of Akçay Bridge and 15 km far from the coast road, İkizce is a small town settled on the skirt of a mountain. İkizce coastal road is 15 km long and is completely concrete. The town is between 41–42 latitude and 36–37 longitude. Akçay is on the north part of İkizce, Akkuş exists on the south, Terme exists on the west and Çaybaşı on the east. The survey is and 121 people per square. İkizce constitutes 18 of ten thousands. The town is 130 m high above the sea level; however, the villages are more mountainous.
The natural plantations in forest and tree types are: chestnut, hornbeam, oak, red tree. The town is under the effect of the Black Sea climate. The summers are hot; the winters are snowy and cold.
The Akçay River divides the town into two parts. It is fed by two different rivers: Kocaman stream stems from the eastern side of Kızlar Plateau, it passes through Devecik and Yoğunoluk towns and falls down over Kocaman and Özpınar ending in İkizce. This stream conjoins in Adalar territory and by passing thorough town it is poured into the Black Sea with the name of Akçay River.
The River Akçay is called Dereiçi. The two sides of the town are joined together by a bridge over the river. The river itself is raised by the melting of the snows during the spring, but then the level falls during the summer. It is home to various types of fish, including Kasnak, Bıyıklı, Karabalık and Alabalık in Devecik and Yoğunoluk.
There is an open bazaar in the town on Tuesdays. Moreover, the streets of the town are decorated by the concrete floors. The centre of the town is joined to the other towns and villages by several road and paths. There are connections to the town via Akkuş, Ünye and Terme.
Transportation
İkizce is 30 km from Ünye and it is situated on the 15th km of Ünye- Samsun road. On the south way of Akçay Bridge and 15 km far from the coast road, İkizce is a small town settled on the skirt of a mountain.
There is a bus in every hour to İkizce from Ünye and it takes 35 or 40 minutes to reach the town centre.
Sport
Facilities for sports activities are limited, although there is a stadium for football and school facilities are used for volleyball and basketball.
Culture and tourism
The Old Mosque (The Tulipped Mosque)
Although it is not clear by whom and when it was built, there are a lot of assumptions about how it had been built. The wood used to cover the complete surface of the mosque is made from a special type of tree called "Pelit". The wood of the building was supplied from the town of Ünye, Çatak Village Düzpelit District. In 1994, the scientific team led by Professor Peter Ian Kuniholm from American Cornell University found out that the mosque was built 400–500 years ago; it was obvious by the trees used in the structure of the building.
According to the assumptions the construction of the mosque had started in İkizce Laleli District, the basic of the mosque had not been found in the previous place. Surprisingly the building was found on the today's place. Then people took it the previous place but next day the same occasion repeated itself. In order to understand the reason behind the event some people watched the mosque during the night. These people claimed that some unknown people were carrying the mosque on huge timbers; some of those people were setting up the basic part of the mosque. After these interesting events the place where the mosque would be situated became clear and it was built on today's place.
According to another assumption the mosque was constructed in the tulip age is supported by the fact that the mosque is decorated by tulip figures. It has been said that the mosque was larger before it had been decorated as smaller and it has been said that the holed tiles covering the roof of the mosque are carried from Gençağa Castle. The rest of the timber was used to make a small cottage for the voyagers but, while the mosque was restored the cottage was demolished. Despite its age, the mosque has remained in relatively good condition.
The stone path passing in front of the mosque is the oldest way of the town. The door of the mosque having two wings has attracted the attention of many art historians. The tulip figure carved on the door is quite attractive. The pictures of sail carved on the wall of the mosque and the other carved motifs do not represent the history of the mosque because they were probably carved afterwards. The inside decoration of the mosque is relatively plain. Apart from its architectural features the old mosque has always been remembered with honor and respect since it served for many years with its mystery. The garden of the old mosque is full of martyr cemeteries as ancient as the old mosque. Consequently, it is one of the most holy places where people gather to pray for rain during summer months and it said that those praying were never in vain.
Şahinkaya
Şahinkaya, situated in Gaziler District of İkizce, is a high steep natural granite rock 3 km away from İkizce and it is on the southeastern side of Gaziler District.
It is on the east of Gaziler District. There are some man-made and natural caves inside the rock. The place is named Şahinkaya since hawks, eagles, vultures, and ravens are living there.
Gençağa Castle
The castle; only 2.4 km of the way is asphalt and 6.8 km away from the town centre being in the borders of Karlıtepe, is composed of two parts.
The main first part constitutes the residential area of Ağa (the castle commander). The half of north and northeast of the rock mass being about 60 m in height is enclosed with a 2 m thickness of hewn stone-made rampart.
The door to entrance is 30 m high on the rock mass and can be reached after 69 steps of stairs. There is a room on the left side of the entry door which is 6 m high and 3 m wide. The stones of other rooms and parts were taken by peasants to build their own settlements and the area, enclosed by ramparts, turned into a meadow place. Beyond this residential area 30 km, there are five wells on a sharp hillside. It is understood that the wells connected by carving canals were used as cisterns. The first big well hole is narrow and the bottom is wide; throwing a stone to the bottom it echoes as copper so it is named Copper Well within the community.
For many years treasure seekers has made many excavations to reach the coppers but all damaged structure of the castle.
The second part of the castle consists of many rough and sharp rocks. There is a well 6–7 m high; its top part is narrow and the bottom part is very wide. There was bones and bone dust till the near times in that well so it is named Bone Well. According to the assumptions it had been used as prison.
It is said that Gençağa Castle was built by Feudal Lord Gençağa who was very rich and had many soldiers. Surrounded by his enemies, Gençağa left the castle with seven mules loaded with gold and while he was escaping, he succeeded in saving his treasure by hiding away it underground when the mules became exhausted. According to these rumors treasure seekers are prospecting for gold.
Cin Grinder
According to research, the Cin Grinder was built by the Greeks but the date of construction is uncertain. It is on the 17 km of the way of İkizce-Devecik. It is also called Us Grinder. The Cin Grinder is on the River Diyek between Çaybaşı-İlküvez and İkizce-Devecik.
The name comes from a legend. Residents believe that demons invaded the grinder. It is isolated from the village. At first the grinder was made of wood but as a result of flood in 1970 it was damaged and was rebuilt of concrete.
Education
The District Administration of Public Education was set up on 24 October 1991. There are a public education center, a directory of guest house of teachers, 2 high schools (Yoğunoluk Multi Programmed School), 7 primary schools and 14 united-class primary schools. There are 2813 primary school students, 243 high school students in the district. There is a YİBO (Yoğunoluk Boarding School). It has 96 male boarders. There is a rehabilitation center (Laleli Private Rehabilitation Center) with 115 students. There is a study center which has 180 students.
The students are transported from 39 primary schools and village to (Terme Evci Primary School, Terme Töngellibel Primary School, Terme Sakarlı Primary School, Terme Dumantepe Primary School. Totally there are 11 primary schools like this. Lunch is also given to 1106 students in İkizce, Kurtluca, Şenbolluk, Kaynartaş, Devecik, Selahattin Tiryaki and Yoğunoluk boarding school.
References
External links
District governor's official website
Road map of İkizce and environs
Various images of İkizce, Ordu
Populated places in Ordu Province
Districts of Ordu Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0kizce |
The Tower Theater has been a popular venue for music acts since the 1970s. In 2018, the Tower Theater was named one of the 10 best live music venues in America by Rolling Stone magazine. Known for its acoustic properties, the venue has been used for recording live albums by many bands. It is a theater located in the Terminal Square section of Upper Darby, Pennsylvania at the intersection of 69th and Ludlow Streets. It is adjacent to 69th Street Terminal just outside of West Philadelphia.
History
The Tower Theater, built in 1927, was opened a year later, by John H. McClatchy, as one of Upper Darby Township's first movie houses. Located just outside the city limits of Philadelphia, the theater thrived in the busy area that was once the most highly traveled route to Center City from the west. In its early years, Tower Theater showed both vaudeville acts and movies.
By the 1970s, the Tower had fallen on hard times. It was then owned by the A.M. Ellis chain and showed third-run movies for $1 admission.
In 1972, after refurbishing the theater from a severe fire, Midnight Sun Concerts from northern New Jersey promoted its first concert at the Tower. The sold-out show featured Dave Mason and Buzzy Linhart on June 14. Reviewer Jonathan Takiff of the Philadelphia Daily News announced in the next day's paper that "Philly Finally Has its Fillmore", making reference to New York's famed Fillmore East. Midnight Sun's president, Rick Green, and his stage manager, Upper Darby native Billy Stevenson, were instrumental in adapting the Tower for this role. For the next three or more years, Midnight Sun's Tower concerts became the stuff of local legend. The Tower introduced America to David Bowie and The Spiders from Mars in 1972, as well as the then-unknown Genesis with Peter Gabriel that same year; Genesis played a midnight concert with a $4 admission price. In September 1974, Bruce Springsteen – who had an early, strong, and long-lived fan base in Philadelphia – introduced the world to his new E Street Band, with Max Weinberg and Roy Bittan, at the Tower Theater. It was the first time in his career that Springsteen earned $5,000 for a night's work. He returned in early November for two sold-out shows; it would still be a year before his big breakthrough with Born to Run and the attendant publicity. Other regular Midnight Sun headliners at the Tower included Jackson Browne, Lou Reed, Steve Miller, and various editions of the Jerry Garcia/Merle Saunders band. David Bowie repaid his Philly fans by recording his 1974 David Live album during a long run of shows at the Tower. The Average White Band's live album, Person to Person, was recorded at the Tower with Atlantic Records' Arif Mardin in the production truck behind the theater. Metal acts Anthrax, Exodus and Helloween also performed at the theater during the Headbangers Ball Tour in 1989. It was not unusual at a Tower show to observe the following rock journalists huddling together during the intermission and comparing notes: David Fricke, Matt Damsker, Bill Mandel, Jon Takiff, John David Kalodner, together with Ed Sciaky and Michael Tearson from the city's progressive rock radio station WMMR. Bowie and Genesis' Phil Collins would subsequently mention their Tower shows as being instrumental in introducing them to an American audience.
In late 1975, the owners informed Midnight Sun that they were selling the theater to the promoter's much larger competitor, Electric Factory Concerts. The final Midnight Sun produced show at the Tower was 10cc, the British pop quartet, with Rory Gallagher opening, on December 5, 1975.
On the 20 and 21 October 1977 Irish rock band Thin Lizzy recorded their live album Still Dangerous which released on 2 March 2009.
A well-regarded 1980 showcase at the theater became the source for the video Paul Simon in Concert, re-released in 2003 as Live at the Tower Theatre.
The Tower Theater happened to be a popular venue for Berliner's Tangerine Dream since they played here four times on their North American tours. Dates included April 6, 1977; June 25, 1986; September 10, 1988; and October 10, 1992.
Legendary artist Prince performed at the Tower Theater on two occasions: March 13, 1982 and January 7, 1997.
A concert by Jethro Tull on November 25, 1987 was recorded for broadcast by the King Biscuit Flower Hour. On November 10, 1988, a performance by Pat Benatar was recorded by Westwood One for the "Superstar Concert Series."
By the 2000s the theater continued to be active, filling much the same role in the concert hierarchy as the Beacon Theatre in New York City. The theater operates under the Live Nation/Electric Factory Concerts name.
On August 13, 2019, the tower on top of the venue was removed due to structural issues with the base; the ball and lettering are to be donated to a local museum. Replacement plans are under development.
See also
House of Blues
The Met Philadelphia
Trocadero Theatre
Upper Darby, Pennsylvania
References
External links
Glide Magazine profile of theater
Seating charts, photos inside the theater and info
Culture of Philadelphia
Music venues in Philadelphia
Theatres in Pennsylvania
Buildings and structures in Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Live Nation Entertainment
Theatres completed in 1927
Tourist attractions in Delaware County, Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower%20Theater%20%28Upper%20Darby%20Township%2C%20Pennsylvania%29 |
Kabadüz is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 343 km2, and its population is 7,055 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of . Kabadüz is a district of green hillsides, 21 km inland from the city of Ordu.
Composition
There are 19 neighbourhoods in Kabadüz District:
Akgüney
Başköy
Derinçay
Dişkaya
Esenyurt
Gelinkaya
Gülpınar
Gümüşdere
Harami
Kabadüz
Karakiraz
Kirazdere
Musakırık
Özlükent
Turnalık
Yeşilada
Yeşilyurt
Yokuşdibi
Yukarı Kirazdere
References
External links
District governor's official website
Road map of Kabadüz and environs
Detailed road map of Kabadüz district
Various images of Kabadüz, Ordu
Populated places in Ordu Province
Districts of Ordu Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabad%C3%BCz |
Kabataş, formerly Karay, is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 74 km2, and its population is 10,119 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of .
Formerly the village of Karay, Kabataş is in the Canik Mountains, 40 km inland from the Black Sea coast. The area was conquered by the Anatolian beylik of Hacıemir in 1380.
Composition
There are 18 neighbourhoods in Kabataş District:
Alanbaşı
Alankent
Ardıç
Belen
Beylerli
Çukurcak
Düz
Eceli
Elbeyi
Hoşkadem
Ilıcak
Kabataş
Kabataş Yeni
Kayıncık
Kuzköy
Şifa Suyu
Yakacık
Yeniceli
References
External links
District governor's official website
District municipality's official website
Road map of Kabataş and environs
Various images of Kabataş and Belen, Ordu
Populated places in Ordu Province
Districts of Ordu Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabata%C5%9F%2C%20Ordu |
Korgan is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 254 km2, and its population is 27,349 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of .
History
The district of Korgan has been a source of iron ore since the reign of Mithridates, King of Pontus, and even before that the area was occupied by Persians in the reign of Darius I in the 6th century BC, as part of the Satrapy of Pontus and Cappadocia. The Persian presence was erased by the armies of Alexander the Great in 331BC, and the area eventually became part of the Kingdom of Pontus and then the Roman Empire. This era ended in 1083 when Korgan was conquered by the Turkish armies of Danishmend Gazi. Subsequently a number of Turkish tribes ruled here until 1398 when Bayezid I brought the area, then known as Keşdere after a tributary of the River Bolaman, into the Ottoman Empire.
Composition
There are 29 neighbourhoods in Korgan District:
Aşağıkozpınar
Aşağıyaylacık
Belalan
Beypınarı
Büyükakçakese
Çamlı
Çayırkent
Çiftlik
Çitlice
Dip
Durali
Karakışla
Karakoyunlu
Koççığaz
Sarıaliç
Soğukpınar
Tatarcık
Tepe
Tepealan
Terzili
Yazıcı
Yazlık
Yeniköy
Yenipınar
Yeşilalan
Yeşildere
Yeşilyurt
Yukarıkozpınar
Yukarıyaylacık
References
External links
District municipality's official website
Road map of Korgan and environs
Various images of Korgan, Ordu
Korgan Dünü ve Bugünü
Populated places in Ordu Province
Districts of Ordu Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korgan |
Kumru is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 296 km2, and its population is 28,436 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of .
Geography
Kumru is a small, remote town sandwiched between two mountains, 33 km inland from the Black Sea coast. Kumru is located approximately thirty-five kilometers southwest of Fatsa. The distance to Ordu is seventy kilometers. It borders four cities and towns: Korgan, Akkuş, Fatsa, Ünye, and Niksar. Ortaca which is locally known as Gebekse is a village of Kumru. Ortaçokdeğirmen which got its name from the mills built on the rivers is another village of Kumru. It is located on the sides of Canik mountains and about 15 minutes to Ericek plateau where mountain strawberry is naturally grown.
Composition
There are 40 neighbourhoods in Kumru District:
Ağcaalantürk
Akçadere
Avdullu
Ayvalı
Balı
Ballık
Çatılı
Demircili
Derbent
Dereköy
Divantürk
Duman
Ergentürk
Erikçeli
Esence
Eskiçokdeğirmen
Fatih
Fizme
Gökçeli
Güneycik
Kadıncık
Karaağaç
Karacalar
Karacalı
Kayabaşı
Konaklı
Kovancılı
Küçükakçakese
Kurtuluş
Ortaca
Ortaçokdeğirmen
Samur
Şenyurt
Tekkeköy
Yalnızdam
Yemişken
Yeniakçaalan
Yenidivan
Yeniergen
Yukarıdamlalı
References
External links
District municipality's official website
Kumru State Hospital
Road map of Kumru and environs
Various images of Kumru, Ordu
Kumru news portal
Kumru news website
Populated places in Ordu Province
Districts of Ordu Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumru%2C%20Ordu |
Mesudiye, formerly Hamidiye, (in Greek Μεσουδιέ and Μιλάς) is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,046 km2, and its population is 13,221 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of .
Mesudiye is a large area of hilly countryside, villages and pasture far inland from the Black Sea coast, south-west of the city of Ordu, in the direction of Sivas. This is a low-income district that since the 1950s has seen successive generations migrate away to jobs in Istanbul and elsewhere. Today Mesudiye itself is a small town of 5,600 people and the whole district is sparsely populated, although busier in summer with returning Mesudiye families on vacation. Efforts are being made by the state to boost the local economy including the opening of a college of a higher education college. Mesudiye is a home to sizeable Chepni Turkmen population. also, was capital of Chepni Beylik Hacıemiroğulları.
History
Mesudiye has been inhabited since the Iron Age era and has numerous remains from the time of the Hittites and there are a number of rock tombs from early antiquity in the area. When it was brought into the Ottoman Empire by Mehmed II in 1455 the area was a collection of mountain villages centred on the slightly larger village and market place known then as Milas. This was renamed Hamidiye in 1876 and then Mesudiye in 1908. According to Bryer and Winfield, the later Greek name for Mesudiye (or Hamidiye) was Meletios, Melet, or Milas (Grk: Μελέτιος, Μελέτ, or Μήλας), probably derived from the Melanthios River (Melet Irmak) which runs through it and down to Ordu.
Composition
There are 71 neighbourhoods in Mesudiye District:
Abdili
Akkırık
Akpınar
Alanköy
Arıcılar
Arıkmusa
Armutkolu
Arpaalan
Aşağıgökçe
Aşıklı
Bahçe
Balıklı
Bayırköy
Bayraklı
Beşpınar
Beyağaç
Beyseki
Birebir
Çaltepe
Çardaklı
Çavdar
Celalköy
Çerçi
Çitliksarıca
Çukuralan
Darıcabaşı
Dayılı
Derebaşı
Doğançam
Dursunlu
Erikköy
Esatlı
Göçbeyi
Gölbaşı
Gülpınar
Güneyce
Güvenli
Güzelce
Güzle
Hamzalı
Herközü
Ilışar
Kaleköy
Karabayır
Karacaören
Kavaklıdere
Kayadibi
Kayadibi
Kışlacık
Konacık
Köşe
Mahmudiye
Maksutalan
Merkez
Musalı
Müslümsarıca
Pınarlı
Sarıca
Sarıyayla
Topçam
Türkköyü
Üçyol
Yagmurlar
Yardere
Yavşan
Yenimahalle
Yeşilce
Yeşilçit
Yeveli
Yukarıgökçe
Yuvalı
References
External links
District governor's official website
District municipality's official website
Road map of Mesudiye and environs
Various images of Mesudiye, Ordu
Melet (Mesudiye)
Populated places in Ordu Province
Districts of Ordu Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesudiye%2C%20Ordu |
Perşembe (originated from Persian word "پنج شنبه(/pændʒʃænbɛ/)" meaning Thursday, formerly Vona, Βόνη in ancient Greek, also Heneti, ჰენეთი in Georgian and Laz languages) is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 217 km2, and its population is 30,101 (2022). The town lies on the Black Sea coast at an elevation of .
Legend and history
Perşembe is on the Vona Peninsula on the Black Sea coast and is held to be the point where the legendary Jason and the Argonauts were forced to land during their struggle with the storms and currents of the Black Sea.
For a long time Vona was part of the Roman Empire and its successors the Byzantine Empire and Empire of Trebizond. This era ended in 1461 when Trebizond was overturned by Sultan Mehmet II and Vona was brought into the Ottoman Empire, although there was a Turkish (Chepni Tribes) community in the town before this date. By 1520 the port of Vona was a predominantly Muslim town.
The name of the town derives from the Persian word پنجشنبه (penc-şenbe) for Thursday.
Composition
There are 54 neighbourhoods in Perşembe District:
Alınca
Anaç
Aziziye
Babalı
Bekirli
Beyli
Boğazcık
Bolatlı
Çamarası
Çandır
Çaytepe
Çerli
Çınar
Dereiçi
Doğanköy
Düz
Efirli
Ekinciler
Gündoğdu
Güzelyurt
Hacılar
Hamidiye
İmeçli
İstanbulboğazı
Kacalı
Kaleyaka
Kazancılı
Kırlı
Kovanlı
Kozağzı
Kurtuluş
Kutluca
Kuyluca
Medreseönü
Mersinköy
Neneli
Okçulu
Ortatepe
Ramazan
Sarayköy
Selimiye
Şenyurt
Sırakovancı
Soğukpınar
Tarlacık
Tepecik
Tepeköy
Töngeldüzü
Yarlı
Yazlık
Yeniköy
Yeniöz
Yeşilköy
Yumrutaş
See also
Cape Jason
References
External links
District governor's official website
District municipality's official website
Road map of Perşembe and environs
Various images of Perşembe, Ordu
Populated places in Ordu Province
Populated coastal places in Turkey
Districts of Ordu Province
Cittaslow
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C5%9Fembe |
Ulubey may refer to:
Ulubey, Ordu, a district of Ordu Province, Turkey
Ulubey, Uşak, a district of Uşak Province, Turkey
Ulubey Canyon, a canyon in the district | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulubey |
Secret Agent (, translit. Podvig razvedchika) is a 1947 Soviet spy film directed by Boris Barnet and based on the novel The Deed Remains Unknown () by Mikhail Maklyarsky. The film stars Pavel Kadochnikov in the leading role. Secret Agent is also known as Secret Mission, Secrets of Counter-Espionage, The Scout's Exploit.
It was the first film about the actions of Soviet intelligence officers behind enemy lines in World War II. The film originated the spy genre in Soviet cinema and had a great influence on all subsequent Soviet spy films, including Seventeen Moments of Spring. It is based on real events from the biography of Nikolai Khokhlov.
The film was the leader of Soviet distribution in 1947 and had 22.73 million viewers.
Plot
Soviet intelligence officer Aleksei Fedotov by the name of Heinrich Eckert departs for German-occupied Vinnytsia. His purpose is to obtain the secret correspondence of General Kuhn with the Hitler's headquarters. When his radio operator, sent to Aleksei, is executed, Fedotov is forced to search for a contact through the local underground, but accidentally he discovers that one of the underground workers is a provocateur.
Cast
Pavel Kadochnikov as major Aleksei Fedotov
Amvrosy Buchma as Grigory Leschuk
Viktor Dobrovolsky as Chief
Dmitri Milyutenko as Berezhnoy
Sergey Martinson as Willi Pommer
Mikhail Romanov as Erich von Rummelsburg
Pyotr Arzhanov as Karpovsky
Boris Barnet as general von Kuhn
Yelena Izmailova as Theresa Gruber
Valentina Ulesova as Nina
Sergei Petrov as Astakhov
Viktor Khalatov as Friedrich Pommer
as Frau Pommer
Aleksei Bykov as Medvedev
Gennady Nilov as episode
Awards
1948 - Stalin Prize of 2nd degree to director, designer (Morits Umansky), scenarios and Pavel Kadochnikov.
External links
Podvig razvedchika
1947 films
1940s spy films
Soviet spy films
1940s Russian-language films
Films directed by Boris Barnet
World War II spy films
Eastern Front of World War II films
Films set in Ukraine
Films about Nazi Germany
Soviet black-and-white films
Films about the Soviet Union in the Stalin era
Films set in the Soviet Union | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret%20Agent%20%281947%20film%29 |
Glycol cleavage is a specific type of organic chemistry oxidation. The carbon–carbon bond in a vicinal diol (glycol) is cleaved and instead the two oxygen atoms become double-bonded to their respective carbon atoms. Depending on the substitution pattern in the diol, these carbonyls can be either ketones or aldehydes.
Glycol cleavage is an important reaction in the laboratory because it is useful for determining the structures of sugars. After cleavage takes place the ketone and aldehyde fragments can be inspected and the location of the former hydroxyl groups ascertained.
Reagents
Periodic acid (HIO4), (diacetoxyiodo)benzene (PhI(OAc)2) and lead tetraacetate (Pb(OAc)4) are the most common reagents used for glycol cleavage, processes called the Malaprade reaction and Criegee oxidation, respectively. These reactions are most efficient when a cyclic intermediate can form, with the iodine or lead atom linking both oxygen atoms. The ring then fragments, with breakage of the carbon–carbon bond and formation of carbonyl groups.
If an R group is a hydrogen atom, an aldehyde is formed at that site. If the R group is a chain that begins with a carbon atom, a ketone is formed.
Warm concentrated potassium permanganate (KMnO4) will react with an alkene to form a glycol. Following this dihydroxylation, the KMnO4 can then easily cleave the glycol to give aldehydes or ketones. The aldehydes will react further with (KMnO4), being oxidized to become carboxylic acids. Controlling the temperature and concentration of the reagent can keep the reaction from continuing past the formation of the glycol.
References
External links
www.cem.msu.edu
Periodate oxidation of polysaccharides
Organic redox reactions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycol%20cleavage |
Ulubey is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 295 km2, and its population is 16,976 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of .
Economy
The economy of the district depends mainly on agriculture. Hazelnuts, beekeeping, dairy farming, corn, and kale are the main products. In recent decades the population has declined as people have migrated away to jobs in Turkey's larger cities or abroad, now mainly their grandparents remain.
Composition
There are 41 neighbourhoods in Ulubey District:
Akoluk
Akpınar
Aydınlar
Başçardak
Belenyurt
Çağlayan
Çatallı
Cevizlik
Çubuklu
Çukur
Doğlu
Durakköy
Elmaçukuru
Eymür
Fındıklı
Gündüzlü
Güvenköy
Güvenyurt
Güzelyurt
Hocaoğlu
Kadıncık
Kalıcak
Karakoca
Kardeşler
Kıranyağmur
Kirazlık
Koşaca
Kumanlar
Kumrulu
Ohtamış
Örenköy
Oyumgürgen
Refahiye
Şahinkaya
Şekeroluk
Şeyhler
Uzunmahmut
Yenimahalle
Yenisayaca
Yolbaşı
Yukarıkızılin
References
External links
District governor's official website
District municipality's official website
Road map of Ulubey and environs
Various images of Ulubey, Ordu
Populated places in Ordu Province
Districts of Ordu Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulubey%2C%20Ordu |
WRCL (93.7 FM) is a commercial broadcast radio station serving the mid Michigan area (Flint, Saginaw and Bay City). It plays Rhythmic Contemporary Hits on the FM dial at 93.7 MHz, naming itself Club 93-7. The transmitter is in Tuscola County, but the studios are in Burton, east of Flint. It station is owned by Townsquare Media.
WRCL offers a musical playlist consisting of a recent mix of Hip Hop/R&B except for contemporary gospel on Sunday mornings. WRCL's core audience includes teens, adults 18-34 (primarily women) and African Americans. The station's ethnic composition is around 50% African-American and 50% White/other (according to Nielsen Audio).
History
WRCL signed on with a heavily gold-based Adult Contemporary format broadcasting as WZRZ-FM, airing an automated, commercial-free mix of music from the 1970s and 1980s. After purchasing the station, Regent Communications (now Townsquare Media) flipped the station on Tuesday, January 8, 2002 to its current Rhythmic Top 40 format focusing on the Flint market. Regent Communications was known for its successful Country music and Adult Contemporary formats. WRCL was its first Rhythmic Top 40. The station was intended to be a niche format to eat away at the listenership of Cumulus's WWCK-FM and WDZZ and protect the ratings of its Adult Contemporary sister-station WCRZ. In its first year, the new Club 93-7 playlist was heavy on Top 40 hits, especially upbeat party-type songs not limited to dance music, House, Urban, other crossover titles and artists. The debut was better than Regent expected, so the station began to broaden its audience by playing less dance- and house-influenced music and more Urban Pop titles such as Destiny's Child, Usher Raymond and Eminem.
The success of WRCL also served as the blueprint for future Regent Rhythmic Top 40 formats. The company has 6 other Rhythmic Top 40 and Mainstream Top 40 stations. Based on the WRCL model are WZPW in Peoria, Illinois and KHXT in Lafayette, Louisiana (WZPW was later traded to Cumulus Media in 2012 as part of 65-station swap Townsquare made with Cumulus). The other 4 mainstream Top 40 stations from Regent/Townsquare are KKSR in St. Cloud, Minnesota; KNNN in Redding, California; WBNQ in Bloomington, Illinois and WDKS in Evansville, Indiana (the latter having flirted with Rhythmic from August 2007 to March 2008). A seventh one, Rhythmic Top 40 KZAP in Chico, California, was sold in 2007 and flipped formats after the sale was completed.
By 2003, WCRZ remained the top ranked and revenue grossing station in the Flint market. Stiff competition from WDZZ and WWCK both adding more "adult" music in an attempt to capture some of WCRZ's audience share. In response, Regent invested additional resources into WRCL to make a more concerted effort in capturing market share from Cumulus. Ironically, Regent's gain came at the expense of Cumulus. In February 2003, nighttime personality "Clay" from WWCK left the station and joined WRCL in the same capacity.
In March 2003, Cumulus-Myrtle Beach personality "Ced Lover" joined WRCL as the afternoon personality. With a leaner WRCL playlist of more Urban Contemporary and Top 40 songs to go after the younger WDZZ and WWCK audiences, both "Clay" and "Ced Lover" beat WDZZ and WWCK in their first overall ratings periods. That year WDZZ dropped all hip-hop and current music from its playlist and shifted to gold-based Urban Adult Contemporary, which had less competition from WOWE. WDZZ remained ranked #2 in the Flint market while WRCL had surpassed WWCK in the overall ratings. In 2004, WWCK shifted from an Adult Top 40 back to a mainstream Top 40, but WRCL continued to win in the overall ratings. Head-to-head, WWCK would lose to WRCL the remainder of that year, but beat them in one period of 2005. WRCL again topped WWCK in late 2005. Also in 2005, nighttime personality "Clay" was promoted to morning personality as WRCL debuted "The Morning Roll-Out with Clay." This was the first live morning show for the radio station. The WRCL morning show was previously all-music with only weather and traffic updates.
Sources
Michiguide.com - WRCL History
External links
Club 93-7 official website
Club 93-7 Myspace
RCL-FM
Rhythmic contemporary radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 2001
Townsquare Media radio stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WRCL |
The Peco Energy Jazz Festival is a music festival devoted to jazz held every February in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
History
The first edition, held in 1989, was called the Philadelphia Jazz Weekend, and the name was changed the following year to the Presidential Jazz Weekend.
It changed its name to the current one in 1995 having previously been called the Presidential Jazz Festival.
References
SuperPages
Jazz festivals in the United States
Music festivals in Philadelphia
1989 establishments in Pennsylvania
Music festivals established in 1989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peco%20Energy%20Jazz%20Festival |
"Young Blood" is a song written by Doc Pomus along with the songwriting team Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller that first became a hit by The Coasters in 1957.
Structure
Musically, the song follows a minor blues structure, built mostly around three chords (i7, iv7, V7) except for the bridge (IV, VI, III, V). The lyrical theme is one typical of early rock and roll: boy meets girl, then meets girl's father, who does not approve of boy; so the boy departs, but cannot stop thinking about the girl, declaring "You're the one, you're the one, you're the one."
The Coasters' version
"Young Blood" was originally recorded by The Coasters and released as a single together with "Searchin'" in March 1957 by Atco Records (#6087). This song is compared to the cleaner cut song "Standing on the Corner" from the musical The Most Happy Fella. Their version can also be heard on The Very Best of the Coasters album. It topped Billboard's R&B chart and reached #8 on the Billboard Hot 100.
The Coasters' version is ranked #414 on Rolling Stone'''s list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, the group's only song on the list.
The song was included in the musical revue Smokey Joe's Cafe.
Chart history
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Personnel
Mike Stoller, piano
Gil Bernal, saxophone
Barney Kessell, guitar
probably Adolph Jacobs, guitar
Ralph Hamilton, bass
Jesse Sailes, drums
A.L. "Abe" Stoller, drums
Joe Olivera, congas
possibly Chico Guerrero, congas
The Beatles' cover version
The Beatles played "Young Blood" in their Cavern Club repertoire. It is one of twelve songs recorded by them in July 1962 on a tape, which was re-purchased by Paul McCartney at a Sotheby's auction in 1985.
A previously unreleased version performed by The Beatles (for the BBC radio show Pop Go the Beatles broadcast on June 11, 1963) is included on their album Live at the BBC, released in 1994. It was recorded at the BBC Paris Studio, London on June 1, 1963, and George Harrison is the lead vocalist on this recording; the tempo is moderately fast, considerably faster than in the original.
Personnel
George Harrison – lead vocals, lead guitar
John Lennon – backing vocals, rhythm guitar
Paul McCartney – backing vocals, bass guitar
Ringo Starr – drums
Personnel per The Beatles Bible
Bad Company cover
Bad Company recorded the song on their 1976 LP Run with the Pack. It was released as a single, reaching the Top 20 in the United States and the Top 10 in Canada.Cash Box called it "a straight ahead rock -out version of a great song." Record World said that "The group recaptures the flippant attitude of the original with Paul Rodgers providing the dynamic tension."
Chart history
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Other cover versions
"Young Blood" has been covered by several other artists, including a live performance by Leon Russell at the 1971 Concert for Bangla Desh, who was accompanied by a stageful of world-class musicians including George Harrison, Eric Clapton and Ringo Starr; another performance was included in Russell's three disk set Leon Live; a 1983 version by Beach Boys guitarist Carl Wilson that served as the title track to Youngblood (his second solo album); and a version by Bruce Willis in The Return of Bruno (1987). The Grateful Dead are known to have soundchecked the song. "Young Blood" was performed by Flash Cadillac and the Continental Kids (as "Johnny Fish and the Fins") in a Season Two episode of Happy Days. The song appeared on Jerry Lee Lewis's 1995 album of the same name. For the 1995 Doc Pomus tribute album Till The Night Is Gone - A Tribute To Doc Pomus released by Rhino Records, The Band also recorded a cover, which later appeared on the re-release of their 1996 album High on the Hog''.
The song was sung by season 10 American Idol contestant Scotty McCreery during the Leiber & Stoller week of the competition.
References
Songs written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller
Songs with lyrics by Doc Pomus
1957 singles
The Coasters songs
The Beatles songs
Leon Russell songs
Bad Company songs
Carl Wilson songs
Jerry Lee Lewis songs
Swan Song Records singles
1957 songs
Atco Records singles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%20Blood%20%28The%20Coasters%20song%29 |
Nayanthara (born Diana Mariam Kurian; 18 November 1984) is an Indian actress who primarily works in Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam films. One of the highest-paid actresses in India, she was the only South Indian actress to be featured in the Forbes India "Celebrity 100" list of 2018. She has acted in more than 80 films in a career spanning over two decades and has won numerous awards, including five Filmfare Awards South. She has been called the "Lady Superstar" of Tamil cinema.
Nayanthara made her acting debut with the Malayalam film Manassinakkare (2003). She made her debut in Tamil cinema with Ayya (2005) and in Telugu cinema with Lakshmi (2006). Her portrayal of Goddess Sita in the mythological film Sri Rama Rajyam (2011) earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu and the Nandi Award for Best Actress. She won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil and Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress, for her performances in the romantic comedy Raja Rani (2013), the action comedy Naanum Rowdy Dhaan (2015) and the political drama Aramm (2017). She was awarded the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Malayalam for her performance in the crime drama Puthiya Niyamam (2016).
Nayanthara went on to establish herself as one of the leading actresses of South Indian cinema with such female-led films as Anaamika (2014), Maya (2015), Kolamavu Kokila (2018), Airaa (2019) and Netrikann (2022). Her other notable films include Chandramukhi, Ghajini (both 2005), Billa (2007), Yaaradi Nee Mohini (2008), Bodyguard (2010), Krishnam Vande Jagadgurum (2012), Thani Oruvan (2015), Kaashmora (2016), Viswasam, Bigil, Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy (all 2019), Darbar (2020), Annaatthe (2021) and Godfather (2022). She expanded into Hindi cinema with Jawan (2023).
In addition to her acting career, Nayanthara is a philanthropist and owns a production house called "Rowdy Pictures". Nayanthara is married to filmmaker Vignesh Shivan, with whom she has two children.
Early life and education
Nayanthara was born as Diana Mariam Kurian on 18 November 1984 in Bangalore, Karnataka, to Kurian Kodiyattu and Omana Kurian in a Syrian Christian family. Her elder brother, Leno, lives in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. As her father was an Indian Air Force official, Nayanthara studied in various parts of India.
She did her schooling in Jamnagar, Gujarat and Delhi. In Thiruvalla, she studied at Balikamadom Girls Higher Secondary School, Thirumoolapuram and then attended Marthoma College, Thiruvalla for her bachelor's degree in English Literature.
Career
Debut in Malayalam cinema (2003–2004)
She began her acting career in 2003 with the Malayalam film Manassinakkare.While studying at college, Nayanthara worked part-time as a model. She was spotted by director Sathyan Anthikkad, who had seen some of her modelling assignments and approached her to play a pivotal role in his film Manassinakkare (2003). Although she turned down the offer initially, as she was not interested in films, she gave in eventually and agreed to do "just that one film". Manassinakkare went on to become a big financial success and she continued to receive acting offers. Both her releases in 2004, Natturajavu by Shaji Kailas, and Fazil's psychological thriller Vismayathumbathu, saw her co-starring alongside Mohanlal; while she played the protagonist's adopted sister in the former, she portrayed a ghost in the latter. Her performance in Vismayathumbathu, in particular, was lauded, with critics claiming that she had "stolen the thunder with her author-backed role", and was "the revelation of the film".
Early work in Tamil and Telugu cinema (2005–2007)
Nayanthara subsequently started appearing in Tamil and Telugu films. In 2005, she was cast in Hari's Ayya, debuting in the Tamil film industry as lead heroine of the movie. Behindwoods.com stated that she had made a "sensational debut in Tamil", while a reviewer from Nowrunning.com said that her "presence with her beautiful smile is crowd winning". While still shooting for Ayya, she was selected for the comedy horror film Chandramukhi, after its director P. Vasu's wife had seen Manassinakkare and recommended her. The film ran for over 800 days in theatres, eventually turning Nayanthara into one of the most-sought after actresses in Tamil. She also acted in Malayalam, Thaskara Veeran and Rappakal. Later that year she appeared in AR Murugadoss' Ghajini, in which she played a secondary female character. Nayanthara then accepted to appear in an item number as herself in the Perarasu-directed masala film Sivakasi.
Nayanthara's first release in 2006 was Kalvanin Kadhali. Indiaglitz.com stated her performance was the "strength of the film". She next made her debut in Telugu, starring in the film Lakshmi, following which she performed in Boss, I Love You. Three Tamil films in which she enacted the lead female characters – Vallavan, Thalaimagan and E – were released simultaneously during Deepavali 2006. All three films opened to mixed reviews. In Vallavan, she portrayed a lecturer who falls in love with a student younger than her. Sify wrote: "Nayanthara virtually walks away with the film and has never looked so beautiful. She looks gorgeous especially in songs and does justice to her well-etched out role". The science fiction thriller E featured Nayanthara in the role of a bar dancer. Reviewers from Rediff stated that she made an impact. Indiaglitz said she was "very adequate and impressive in a slightly complicated role", and that she had "come up with a good performance". In Thalaimagan, she played a news reporter, with critics agreeing that she did not have much to do in the film.
Public recognition and widespread success (2007–2013)
Nayanthara regained her status in Tamil cinema by starring in the Vishnuvardhan-directed gangster film Billa (2007). A remake of the 1980 Tamil film of the same name, it went on to become a success at the box office, with Nayanthara receiving critical and popular acclaim for her performance as Sasha in her new glamorous look. Sify heaped praise on her, describing her as a "show-stopper". The reviewer further wrote: "Nayanthara has gone full throttle to look her sexiest best [...] She has a beautiful body which she flaunts daringly [...] and is also able to bring out the cold aloofness and bitterness of her character. Similarly a critic from Nowrunning.com noted that she looked "great in mini-skirts, jacket, dark glasses and tall boots". Her performance in Billa earned her first nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil, in addition to winning the Vijay Award for Favourite Heroine. The same year, she also starred in the Telugu action drama Tulasi alongside Venkatesh, which proved to be a commercial success and her performance earned her first nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu.
In 2008, she had five releases, four of which were in Tamil. Her first release was the family entertainer Yaaradi Nee Mohini. Behindwoods.com wrote: "Nayanthara dispels her bombshell act and proves that she can more than just that. She breaks into tears when needed, shows vicious contempt when rubbed the wrong way in the name of love, and looks endearing in songs". Nowrunning.com stated that she "exhibits her acting skills in full measure [and] gives a moving performance in emotional scenes", while Sify's critic wrote that she looked "sensational and has done a great job in perhaps the meatiest role she has done so far". She won the Vijay Award for Favourite Heroine for the second consecutive year, in addition to her second nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil.
Her subsequent appearances were in Kuselan, Satyam and Aegan in 2008. In 2009 she appeared in Villu and Aadhavan.
In 2010, all her releases, which featured her as the female lead, turned out to be commercial successes: she had five box office hits in the four Southern languages – Adhurs (Telugu), Bodyguard (Malayalam), Simha (Telugu), Boss Engira Bhaskaran (Tamil) and Super (Kannada). She won the Asianet Award for Best Actress for her performance in Bodyguard. The latter three, in particular, were particularly notable for Nayanthara, with Simha becoming one of the highest-grossing Telugu films of the year and Boss Engira Bhaskaran releasing to positive reviews and becoming a financial success. Upendra's Super, which marked her debut into the Kannada film industry, opened to rave reviews, while her performance was also praised by critics. Her performances in Simha, Boss Engira Bhaskaran and Super earned her nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress in their respective languages. She also starred in Shyamaprasad's critically acclaimed Malayalam film Elektra. Her performance was well appreciated by critics when it was screened at the International Film Festival of India. The film was also screened at the Dubai International Film Festival.
Her only release in 2011 was the mythological film Sri Rama Rajyam (2011) by Bapu, in which she played the role of Sita. She received high critical acclaim for her performance in the film, with Rediff.com noting, "Nayanthara is the surprise package of the film. As Sita, she too has played the role of her lifetime. She gave a fine understated performance conveying a kaleidoscope of emotions." Sify commented "Nayanthara gave a fitting answer to all, unleashing grace and accomplishing the assignment with absolute perfection." Subsequently, she was awarded her first Filmfare Award - Telugu and Nandi Award for her performance. The film was dubbed in the media as her swan song and considered to be her last release before her marriage as she was reported to quit acting thereafter.
Choosing to make a comeback, Nayanthara began shooting for Krish's Krishnam Vande Jagadgurum (2012) after an eleven-month sabbatical. She portrayed the role of a journalist and her performance was praised, with a reviewer from Sify stating that "Nayanthara does not play the normal commercial glam-doll for a change and she is good" and "her chemistry with Rana is perfect". This is the only Telugu film where Nayanthara has dubbed for her character. She received her fourth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu for her performance in the film. The following year, she won widespread critical acclaim for her performance in Atlee's romantic comedy-drama Raja Rani (2013), winning her first Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil and the Vijay Award for Best Actress. Playing the role of a wife in an unhappy marriage, a critic from Sify.com noted, "Nayanthara gets a well-written role and she couldn't ask for a better character than Regina for her return after a three-year hiatus... she looks good, throws herself into the role, approaches her part with restraint and minimalist fuss, and turns in a sincere performance." Sify.com also said her role was "unquestionably the film's biggest strength". Likewise, another reviewer from Behindwoods.com stated the role was "Nayanthara's career best performance till date" and it was a "great comeback by the actress with a role which gave her ample scope".
Her next release, Vishnuvardhan's Arrambam (2013), featuring Ajith Kumar in the lead, also won acclaim with a reviewer from Rediff stating that "Nayanthara looks gorgeous and does full justice to her character", while Behindwoods critic stated that "Nayanthara puts out a fiery face when required and also showcase her oomph and style in many scenes, adding "this superstar continues to shine".
Stardom and further expansion (2014-2022)
Nayanthara's rising popularity as an actress led to her being cast in female-centric films, a genre considered a rarity in South Indian cinema. Sekhar Kammula cast her in the titular role of his bilingual Anaamika (2014), a remake of the Hindi film Kahaani (2012), in which Nayanthara portrayed an IT professional who moves to Hyderabad to look for her missing husband. Sify.com labelled her performance in the film "a one-woman show by her in a difficult role... she nails the character perfectly whether it in the initial scenes showing her anguish or in the stunning climax, where she takes a brave decision".
While Anaamika did middling business, her next female-centric project, the horror film Maya (2015), emerged as a profitable venture commercially. Portraying a single mother with a mysterious past, Nayanthara won acclaim for her performance and her decision to portray an unconventional character, with Sify.com saying, "Nayanthara is just fabulous and her classier side has been perfectly unleashed in Maya... it's a treat to watch Nayanthara re-inventing herself by performing in an author backed role".
Along with strong character roles, Nayanthara continued to appear in action and comedy films, including the successful Bhaskar the Rascal (2015) and Thani Oruvan (2015), during the same period. She then went on to win her second Filmfare Award for her role of a deaf girl seeking revenge in Vignesh Shivan's black comedy Naanum Rowdy Dhaan (2015). About her performance, Sify.com's reviewer noted "Nayanthara's Kadambari is a well-etched out role, the actress is effortlessly charming and she does full justice", and "infuses the part with the right portions of vulnerability, restraint, and quiet strength, delivering a performance that is nothing short of perfect". A video clip from the film Naanum Rowdy Dhaan went viral on social media where Nayanthara was seen buying liquor from a shop. The Hindu Makkal Katchi demanded the scene to be removed and garlanded her picture with beer bottles and even after she made a statement that it was a film scene, the Hindu Munnani burned her effigy in protest. Despite controversy, she earned her second Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil for her performance in the film.
In her first release of 2016, Nayanthara portrayed a rape victim in Puthiya Niyamam (2016) opposite Mammootty, with a critic from the IBTimes stating "Nayantara's portrayal as Vasuki Iyer is one of her career-best roles till date and her decision to dub in her own voice for her character is worthy of appreciation". She earned her first Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Malayalam for her performance in the film. She continued to play diverse roles, appearing as a village-based school teacher in Thirunaal (2016), a spy in the commercially successful Vikram-starrer Iru Mugan (2016) and the queen of a fantasy kingdom in Kaashmora (2016). Her performance in the former fetched her a sixth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil.
In 2017, she played the main lead in the horror thriller Dora and the critically acclaimed social drama Aramm. Her portrayal of a district collector in Aramm won her a third Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil. She also played the female lead in the action thriller Velaikkaran. Her first release in 2018 was a Telugu-language film Jai Simha in which she played the female lead. She went on to portray the main lead in Nelson Dilipkumar's directorial Kolamaavu Kokila and the thriller Imaikkaa Nodigal alongside actor Atharvaa. Both emerged huge successes and attained highest opening figures for a female led film across the country. Her performance in Kolamaavu Kokila fetched her an eighth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil.
In 2019, she played lead roles in Viswasam, Airaa, Kolaiyuthir Kaalam and Bigil, the latter in which she collaborated with Vijay for the third time. She also appeared in the Malayalam film Love Action Drama, alongside Nivin Pauly where she attained an equal pay as that of male lead; for the first ever time in Malayalam cinema. She was also seen in Telugu biographical film, Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy, alongside Chiranjeevi and Tamannaah. In 2020, she was seen in a supporting role in Darbar along with Rajinikanth. Her film Mookuthi Amman marked her second entry into Hindu mythological and devotional cinema after her portrayal of Goddess Sita in 2011.
2021 saw her fifth collaboration with Rajinikanth with the film Annaatthe where she was seen as a lawyer. She starred in Netrikann, a remake of the 2011 South Korean film Blind. She received critical acclaim for her portrayal of blind Durga CBI in the film. She also starred in the Malayalam film Nizhal and the much delayed Telugu film Aaradugula Bullet.
Her first release of 2022 was the romcom-drama Kaathuvaakula Rendu Kaadhal, where she was seen alongside Vijay Sethupathi and Samantha Ruth Prabhu. She later starred in G.S. Viknesh's survival-thriller O2, where she played a single mother trying to shield her son suffering from cystic fibrosis from the effects of low oxygen. She was later seen in the Malayalam film Gold, alongside Prithviraj Sukumaran, in the Telugu film Godfather, the Tamil horror film Connect.
Expansion to Hindi cinema and further projects in the South Indian film industry (2023)
Nayanthara marked her Hindi film debut with the action thriller film Jawan opposite Shah Rukh Khan. She portrayed a NSG officer Narmada Rai. Her performance received positive reviews, but her chemistry with Khan was criticised. Monika Rawal Kukreja of Hindustan Times noted, "Nayanthara brings freshness and is greeted with a slo-mo shot each time she comes on screen. Sadly though, her chemistry with Khan fails to ignite any sparks and it's quite bland." Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama stated "Nayanthara looks stunning and delivers a first-rate performance. The chemistry between her and Khan, however, is not as electrifying as intended."
Nayanthara will be next seen in the Tamil film Iraivan; for which she will get a remuneration of Rs 10 Crore, making her the only South Indian actress to get a double digit crore remuneration. She is also set to star two untitled films, tentatively titled as Lady Superstar 75 and NT-81. Netflix has documented her illustrious journey in cinema, titled as "Nayanthara beyond the fairytale" which is yet to release.
Personal life
She was brought up as a Nasrani Christian to Malayali parents. On 7 August 2011, she embraced Hinduism at the Arya Samaj Temple in Chennai. After that, a certificate of conversion to Hinduism was issued to her, and her stage name, Nayanthara, became her official name. She is a polydactyl, with a rudimentary finger on her left hand.
Nayanthara and director Vignesh Shivan have been in a relationship ever since they worked together on Naanum Rowdy Dhaan in 2015. The couple got married on 9 June 2022 in Mahabalipuram. In October 2022, the couple announced the birth of their twin children named Uyir and Ulagam, via surrogacy.
Off-screen work
Nayanthara is a humanitarian and lends support to a number of social causes. She donated a sum of Rs. 5 lakhs to the Chief Minister's Relief Fund during the 2012 cyclonic storm Thane, in Tamil Nadu. During the COVID-19 pandemic, she donated Rs 20 lakh to Film Employees Federation of South India to help daily wagers. Apart from these she has been involved in various charitable activities. She is also a pro Indian culture enthusiast and had participated in the 2017 pro-jallikattu protests in Chennai along with husband Vignesh Shivan.
In 2021, Nayanthara, along with renowned dermatologist Dr Renita Rajan, launched The Lip Balm Company, a gender-neutral lip care company. She is about to venture into skincare range with her brand named 9Skin. In addition to this, she has endorsed brands and products including Tanishq, Seafood brand Fipola and GRT Jewellers.
Rowdy Pictures
In 2021, Nayanthara and Vignesh Shivan launched their film production venture Rowdy Pictures, which has produced the films Koozhangal (2021), which received numerous accloades, Netrikann (2021) and Kaathuvaakula Rendu Kaadhal (2022).
Screen persona and legacy
Nayanthara is considered among the most popular actor of Tamil and Telugu cinema. She is one of the highest paid actresses in South Indian cinema, according to various media reports. In March 2022, according to a report by The Times of India, Nayanthara became the highest-paid South Indian actress.
Nayanthara is known for her strong and powerful performances. She is credited for a change in South industry, with her strong role in women-centric films such as Aramm, Maya, Anaamika, Kolamavu Kokila and Netrikann. She is widely praised for her impactful roles in Sri Rama Rajyam, Raja Rani, Puthiya Niyamam, Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy and much more. She is among the few South Indian actresses who have taken over the male dominated film industry with her strong films.
Divya J Shekar of Forbes India noted, "What sets Nayanthara apart from most male stars is her presence and popularity across all the five South Indian states." Saradha U of The News Minute credit her "unique filmography" – a blend of commercial and content-driven films, as a reason of her success. Kayalvizhi Arivalan of Femina said that Nayanthara made women-centric films "the new norm". India Today'''s Janani K finds her to be "capable of pulling in the crowd even without a male star in the film". Nandini Ramnath of Vogue stated that Nayanthara is "southern cinema's brightest stars". She received the Kalaimamani award, for her "Contribution in Tamil Cinema", in 2010. The Hindu referred her as one of the Superstar women in Indian Cinema.
Nayanthara became the only South Indian actress to be featured in the Forbes India "Celebrity 100" list of 2018, with her total annual earning credited at 15.17 crore. In Rediff.com's "Top 5 Tamil Actresses" list, she ranked 5th in 2013 and 1st in 2016. In "Top Telugu Actresses" list of 2007, she was placed 1st. In the "Top 5 Malayalam Actresses" list of 2016, she ranked 4th. Nayanthara ranked 3rd in "Hottest Tamil Actresses" list. Femina included Nayanthara in its "Femina Fab 40" list of 2021 and said that she is "hands-down the Lady Superstar". Nayanthara became Chennai Times Most Desirable Woman in 2015 and 2016. In 2023, Nayanthara opened her Instagram account, and broke Katrina Kaif’s record to become the fastest female actor to reach a million followers.
In popular culture
In 2021, a television series named Lady Superstar Nayanthara, was telecast on Star Vijay. The host conversed with Nayanthara, about her personal and professional life and provided a chance to her fans to interact with her.
Netflix has documented her remarkable journey in Indian cinema in Nayanthara: Beyond the Fairytale which is yet to release. The documentary focuses on Nayanthara's work in the film industry and her relationship with Vignesh Shivan.
Filmography
Accolades
Nayanthara has won five Filmfare Awards South. She won the one Best Actress Telugu for Sri Rama Rajyam (2011), three Best Actress Tamil for - Raja Rani (2013), Naanum Rowdy Dhaan (2015), and Aramm (2018) and one Best Actress Malayalam for Puthiya Niyamam'' (2016).
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
Actresses from Bangalore
Actresses from Kerala
People from Thiruvalla
Indian film actresses
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Actresses in Telugu cinema
Actresses in Kannada cinema
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Actresses in Hindi cinema
Converts to Hinduism from Christianity
Indian former Christians
Indian Hindus
Kendriya Vidyalaya alumni
Filmfare Awards South winners
South Indian International Movie Awards winners
Nandi Award winners
Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners
Recipients of the Kalaimamani Award
People with polydactyly
21st-century Indian actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayanthara |
The bronze centenionalis coins (plural: centenionales) were the attempts of Constans and Constantius II to reintroduce a large bronze coin between 320 and 340 AD, as the follis had by then shrunk dramatically. The type of coin it was is uncertain, but numismatists have categorized large bronze coins of the above date under this denomination. The centenionalis, however, did not last long. By the end of Theodosius the Great's rule, only smaller varieties of bronze coins were minted (AE3 and AE4).
See also
Roman currency
Byzantine coinage
References
Coins of ancient Rome
Numismatics
Bronze coins | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centenionalis |
Bula or BULA may refer to:
Places
Bula, Camarines Sur, a municipality in the Philippines
Bula (Guinea-Bissau), sector in Guinea-Bissau
Bula, Indonesia, a village on Seram Island
Bula, Texas, US
Bula, West Virginia, US
Bula (river) in Tatarstan and Chuvashia, Russia
Clipped form of Ashtabula, Ohio, US
Other uses
Bula, a Fijian word that translates as either "hello" or "life"
Bulă, a stock character in Romanian comedy
Bula (horse), a racehorse that won the Champion Hurdle in 1971 and 1972
Basic Ultra-Light Aeroplane, a Canadian aircraft category
Beach Ultimate Lovers Association, a body promoting the sport of Beach Ultimate
I. L. Bula (1921–?), Fijian cricketer
Bula (band), a Brazilian alternative rock band
Bundeslager (BuLa) or "federal camp" hosted by Swiss or German scout associations, particularly Swiss Guide and Scout Movement#BuLa Jamborees
See also
Bula Bula
Bulla (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bula |
Western Front (Western Front Society) is an artist-run centre located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was founded in 1973 by eight artists (Martin Bartlett, Mo van Nostrand, Kate Craig, Henry Greenhow, Glenn Lewis, Eric Metcalfe, Michael Morris, Vincent Trasov
) who wanted to create a space for the exploration and creation of new art forms. After they purchased the former Knights of Pythias lodge hall located in Mount Pleasant, Vancouver, it quickly became a centre for poets, dancers, musicians and visual artists interested in exploration and interdisciplinary practices. Many of the Western Front's early works reflect this interdisciplinary ethos with early influences of Duchampian and Fluxus-based investigations into mail art, telecommunications art, live electronic music, video and performance art. Western Front also supported a number of political and activist projects - in one of their most famous performance pieces, founding member Vincent Trasov adopted the personality of Mr. Peanut, gave a number of performances and in 1974 ran for mayor of Vancouver. Mr. Peanut was so highly regarded that he was picked by The Vancouver Sun as one of the province's 100 most influential people as the end of the millennium approached in 1999. As a focal point of experimental art practice through the 1970s and 1980s, the Western Front, in connection with other centres like it, played a major role in the development of electronic and networked art forms in a national and international context.
Over more than 40-years, the Western Front has promoted critical investigations into and surrounding interdisciplinary, media-based, anti-object, and ephemeral practices with particular attention to the contexts and economies in which art is produced. While general curatorial priorities have remained dedicated to these practices, the Western Front's internal structure has continued to evolve and a number of distinct programs have been established and retired over the years including Performance Art, Movement Arts, Literary Arts and Front Magazine. The Western Front still continues to program events and exhibitions related to these genres, but no longer supports fully dedicated departments. The Western Front continues to maintain programs in Media Art, New Music, and Exhibitions.
In 2015, the society received $1.5 million from a City of Vancouver Community Amenity Contribution (CAC) fund related to a nearby development by Vancouver property developers, Rize. The contribution enabled the society to purchase the building from its owners.
Publications
In 1993, Western Front published the Whispered Art History: Twenty Years at the Western Front, which documents and celebrates the first twenty years at one of Canada's first artist-run centres. The volume features essays by Peter Culley, Karen Knights, Judy Radul, Alex Varty and William Wood in addition to a comprehensive chronology of Western Front's events during its beginning years
References
External links
Western Front website
Front Magazine
Art museums and galleries in British Columbia
Music venues in Vancouver
Artist-run centres
Organizations established in 1973
Organizations based in Vancouver
Art galleries established in 1973
1973 establishments in British Columbia
Knights of Pythias buildings | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Front%20Society |
Parikrama is a rock band from Delhi, India, formed in 1991 in Delhi. The band is considered to be one of Asia's biggest rock groups. Parikrama toured internationally with Iron Maiden in 2007, playing at the Download Festival in England. The band is known for its high-energy live performances, and has released many singles in its 3 decade long career.
In its 2014 listing of "25 Greatest Indian Rock Songs of the last 30+ Years", Rolling Stone India featured "But It Rained" (2001) by the band.
In February 2020, the band's lead guitarist Sonam Sherpa died of cardiac arrest.
On October 8, 2020 Parikrama relaunched their 2001 single 'But It Rained' with the entire solo, as was played by Sonam Sherpa.
Members
The band consists of:
Nitin Malik – Lead vocalist
Sonam Sherpa – Lead guitarist (died 2020)
Saurabh Choudhary – Guitarist
Subir Malik – Organist, Synthesizer
Gaurav Balani – Bass guitarist
Srijan Mahajan – Drummer
Accompanied by:
Suhail Ali Khan – Violinist
Shambu Nath – Tabla, Percussions
Shashank Singhania – Flute
Dhruv Bedi – Sitar
Rajesh Nair / Nitin Sidhu / Vikram Mishra – Sound Engineer
Subir and Nitin Malik are brothers, with Subir being two years elder to Nitin. Both of them studied at St. Xavier's, Delhi. All the members of the band except Nitin, who went to Hindu College, went to Kirorimal College and were part of MUSOC (music society). Saurabh Chaudhry has a degree in business administration.
History
They are yet to release a full-length album, because they prefer giving out their music for free. They have had millions of downloads from their site and other related pages. They did release a free multimedia CD of their singles and videos in 2001. The band does not have any policies against their music being copied and distributed. They have made their music available for download on their official website.
The band often fuses Indian classical music instruments such as mridangam, tabla and flute with conventional rock instruments including guitar, drums and keyboards. They have been inspired and influenced by Pink Floyd, Jimi Hendrix and The Doors. Sonam Sherpa and Saurabh Chaudhary are endorsees of Carl Martin effect pedals.
Recordings
Parikrama rarely records music in the studio, and most recordings are made in live performances. On being asked in a 2012 interview if they plan a compilation album of live recordings, the band encouraged listeners to download their recordings from Facebook or Reverbnation and "make your own album, the way u want it".
The first song "Xerox" was named 'the face of Indian rock'. Their first hit single "Till I'm No One Again" was released in 1995 along with "Open Skies". It was among thirteen other songs chosen from the demos sent by a hundred and fifty other bands in the country. This release, Great Indian Rock Volume 1, was produced by Amit Saigal, owner and publisher of the India's first rock magazine: Rock Street Journal.
Another song, "Gonna Get It", was released in 1996.
Their sixth number in succession was released in 1997: "Load Up".
This band composed the song "The Superhero" for Bangalore. This was in response to the visit of Microsoft's chairman Bill Gates to the IT capital of India, Bangalore.
"But It Rained" was released in 2001. The song was about the kidnappings in the Kashmir Valley in 1995. This song is probably their biggest hit. They were surprised when a crowd of 40,000 sang along with them in their opening set for the Iron Maiden concert in Bangalore.
A Parikrama original "Rhythm and Blues" was created in course of their jam session with Usha Uthup.
Parikrama released a lockdown version of 'Vapourize' in which Nitin sang the song in a new style.
References
External links
Official website
Download Parikrama songs
Official Musicfellas profile
Indian rock music groups
Musical groups established in 1991
Culture of Delhi
1991 establishments in Delhi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parikrama%20%28band%29 |
The Mexico national baseball team (Spanish: Selección de béisbol de México) is the baseball team that represents Mexico in international tournaments. It is currently the 3rd-ranked baseball team in the world.
Roster
Results and fixtures
The following is a list of professional baseball match results currently active in the latest version of the WBSC World Rankings, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.
Legend
2019
2021
2023
International competition
World Baseball Classic
Mexico has competed in all five editions of the World Baseball Classic.
Game log
1 – Mexico score always listed first
Premier12 Tournament
2015
Team Mexico came in fourth in the 2015 WBSC Premier12 Tournament.
2019
Team Mexico won the bronze medal in the 12-team 2019 WBSC Premier12 Tournament in November 2019. Two quota spots were allocated from the Tournament, of the spots for six baseball teams at the 2020 Olympic Games, with Mexico as the top finisher from the Americas earning one spot. First baseman/left fielder Efrén Navarro led the team with three doubles and shared the team lead with six RBIs, designated hitter Matt Clark led the team with a .440 OBP and an .800 slugging percentage and shared the team lead with three home runs, and second baseman Esteban Quiroz led the team with seven walks. Half the Team Mexico roster consisted of players with birth certificates form the United States.
International tournament results
World Baseball Classic
Olympic Games
Premier12 Tournament
Pan American Games
1951: Bronze
1963: Bronze
2003: Bronze
2007: Bronze
Central American and Caribbean Games
1926: Silver
1930: Silver
1950: Silver
1954: Silver
1962: Bronze
1970: Bronze
1993: Silver
2006: Bronze
Baseball World Cup
1941: Bronze
1943: Silver
1944: Silver
1961: Silver
1965: Silver
U-23 Baseball World Cup
2018: Gold
2021: Silver
References
External links
Selección Mexicana de Béisbol
Liga Mexicana de Beisbol
National
National baseball teams
baseball | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%20national%20baseball%20team |
José David Mosquera Mosquera (born October 7, 1983 in Carepa, Antioquia) is a boxer from Colombia, who participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics for his native South American country. There he was outscored in the first round of the Lightweight (60 kg) division by America's Vicente Escobedo. He qualified for the Olympic Games by ending up in second place at the 2nd AIBA American 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Professional boxing record
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="8"|16 Wins (14 knockouts), 5 Losses, 1 Draw
|- style="text-align:center; background:#e3e3e3;"
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Res.
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Record
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Opponent
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Type
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Round, Time
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Date
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Location
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Notes
|- align=center
|Loss||16-5-1||align=left| Abner Lopez
|
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|- align=center
|Loss||16-4-1||align=left| Aaron Herrera
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|- align=center
|Win||16-3-1||align=left| Cesar Rodriguez
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|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win||15-3-1||align=left| Julio Cardozo
|
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|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss||14-3-1||align=left| Azael Cosio
|
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|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Loss||14-2-1||align=left| Armando Robles
|
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|
|align=left|
|align=left|
External links
References
Profile
1983 births
Olympic boxers for Colombia
Living people
Boxers at the 2003 Pan American Games
Boxers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games competitors for Colombia
Colombian male boxers
Lightweight boxers
Sportspeople from Antioquia Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20David%20Mosquera |
Jan Harvey is a British actress. She is known for her regular television roles in Howards' Way (1985–1990), Bugs (1997–1999), and Family Affairs (2003–2005).
Career
Harvey is best known as Jan Howard in the BBC television drama series Howards' Way from 1985 to 1990. The character ran a fashion boutique named Periplus. The boutique specialised in the sale of après sail wear (and was also the first UK headquarters of the German mail order franchise, Die Spitz). Subsequently, a partnership, Howard Brooke, was formed which ran multiple boutiques as well as producing its own designs. There followed the launch of an internationally renowned couture house (with attendant fragrance and cosmetics lines), the House of Howard, which was successfully floated on the stock exchange.
During the 1990s Harvey appeared in the action series Bugs, and later she was a regular cast member in the Channel 5 soap opera Family Affairs (in which she played Babs Woods). She has also guest-starred in many other high-profile British dramas, including A Touch of Frost, Inspector Morse, New Tricks and Lovejoy.
Harvey appeared in the 2010 UK tour of Calendar Girls and was due to appear in a second run of the show in late 2011.
From March 2015 to July 2016, Harvey appeared in the BBC soap opera EastEnders, as Margaret Midhurst, the family solicitor, and aunt of Sharon Watts (Letitia Dean). Her character was killed off when her on-screen brother, Gavin Sullivan (Paul Nicholas), pushed her over a balcony during a scuffle.
Filmography
Television
References
External links
Jan Harvey Interview at Best British TV
English television actresses
Living people
English soap opera actresses
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Harvey |
Alexander Banor Tettey (born 4 April 1986) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a central midfielder.
Having established himself at Rosenborg, he played for French club Rennes and English side Norwich City. Born in Ghana, he played for the Norway national team from 2007 to 2016, earning 34 caps.
Early years
Tettey was born in Accra, Ghana, and moved to Bodø in Norway in 1999. He later moved to Trondheim, and started to play football for Kolstad. After joining Rosenborg's youth department, Tettey made his debut for the first team in a friendly match against GIF Sundsvall in January 2003, and in September 2003 he joined the first team squad and became the youngest player in Rosenborg's first team squad since Ola By Rise, Knut Torbjørn Eggen and Øivind Husby in 1977.
Club career
Rosenborg
Tettey started his career in Rosenborg as a central midfielder, but under Knut Tørum in 2007 he was made a defensive midfielder. In the 2008 season he was appointed Rosenborg's vice-captain and with club legend Roar Strand in and out of the team Tettey was a frequent captain.
Rennes
During his stay in Rosenborg, Tettey was being closely followed by French club Rennes, as they looked to create a squad with the potential of winning the title. On 31 July 2009, he signed a four-year contract with the French club. Tettey got his debut for the club shortly thereafter, but got injured in his first match for the club . His stay in Rennes has thereafter been plagued with injuries, but Tettey has nonetheless managed to pick up 60 appearances for the club. On 9 January 2011, Tettey scored his first goal in the Round of 64 of the French Cup. He scored the first of Rennes' goals as well the fifth in their 7–0 win over Cannes.
Norwich City
On 25 August 2012, Tettey signed for Premier League club Norwich City on a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee. He scored on his debut, scoring the only goal of the game in a 1–0 win against Doncaster Rovers on 26 September in the League Cup. He was also named man of the match, and stated he hoped his performance had been enough to earn him a start in a Premier League game. He made his league debut three days later, replacing Steve Morison in the 79th minute of a 5–2 defeat against Liverpool at Carrow Road. He made his first league start on 6 October against European champions Chelsea, however he could not prevent Norwich falling to a 4–1 defeat after Grant Holt had given the Canaries an 11th-minute lead. He made his full home debut on 20 October, helping Norwich to a shock 1–0 win against Arsenal after another goal from Holt. He became a regular in the team until he suffered an injury in February 2013, which persisted and kept him out of action for a longer period than initially thought. After over a month out, he made his return to playing on 30 March, replacing Jonny Howson in the 85th minute of a 1–0 defeat away to relegation rivals Wigan Athletic. He played in the final game of the season on 19 May, as Norwich produced a shock result to beat Manchester City 3–2 at the City of Manchester Stadium, to inflict only their second home defeat in the last 48 games, and to give Norwich their highest Premier League finish of 11th since they finished third in the 1992–93 season.
On 1 November 2013 it was announced that Tettey would be ruled out for 'a couple of months' following ankle surgery, which was performed after a stoppage-time collision with Cardiff City player Fraizer Campbell had left the ankle "very sore". On 22 March 2014 he scored his first league goal for Norwich with a 30-yard volley against Sunderland in a 2–0 win. It was described as one of the goals of the season. In December 2018 Tettey made his 200th appearance for Norwich City. In the final game of the 2019–20 season Tettey made his 100th Premier League appearance in a 5–0 defeat to Manchester City at the Etihad Stadium.
On 4 May 2021, Norwich announced Tettey would leave the club at the end of the 2020–21 season. During his time at the club, Tettey made 263 appearances in all competitions for the club, scoring eight times. In his last season at the club, Tettey helped mentor and coach BADU Sports, a London-based organisation for children and young adults.
Return to Rosenborg
After leaving Norwich, Tettey signed for his former club Rosenborg and was handed the number 6 jersey, a jersey not worn since Rosenborg legend Roar Strand retired in 2010.
International career
Tettey is a naturalized Norwegian and has been capped for the Norwegian under-18, under-19 and under-21 youth teams, as well as the senior team. Tettey made his debut for Norway on 22 August 2007, playing in a 2–1 friendly win against Argentina. Over the course of a nine-year international career, Tettey made 34 caps for Norway, scoring three times.
Career statistics
Club
International
Scores and results list Norway's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Tettey goal.
Honours
Rosenborg
Eliteserien: 2006, 2009
Norwich City
EFL Championship: 2018–19 2020–21
Football League Championship play-offs: 2015
References
External links
Alexander Tettey's profile, stats & pics
Player profile, rosenborg.info. Retrieved 4 July 2008.
1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Accra
Footballers from Bodø
Naturalised citizens of Norway
Norwegian people of Ghanaian descent
Norwegian men's footballers
Ghanaian men's footballers
Norway men's youth international footballers
Norway men's under-21 international footballers
Norway men's international footballers
Rosenborg BK players
Skeid Fotball players
Stade Rennais F.C. players
Norwich City F.C. players
Eliteserien players
Ligue 1 players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Norwegian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in France
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in France
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in England
Men's association football midfielders
Association football coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Tettey |
Buzz () is a 1998 Israeli film directed by Eli Cohen, based on a real murder story. It is known for being frequently used and taught in the Israeli education system, as well as the Israel Defense Forces and Israel Prison Service.
Plot
The film is based on a real event in 1994, in which two 14-year-olds—Arbel Aloni and Moshe "Moshiko" Ben-Ivgi—murdered a taxi driver (named Derek Roth). In the film, their names have been changed to Ido Ben Ze'ev and Rafi, respectively. Ido comes from a wealthy family and acts as leader, while Rafi lives with his single mother and follows Ido.
The children start committing crimes such as vandalism and theft, with the knowledge of Ofer Reinitz, a police officer, and the school councilor, Naomi. They work together to put the children in juvenile jail, although Ido's father Gidi, who is a prominent lawyer and personal friend of Ofer's from the army, does not believe the accusations against his son and stops the children from being persecuted on several occasions. After they murder a taxi driver for thrills with an old revolver, both Ido and Rafi are arrested.
Cast
as Ofer
Tony Tien as Ido
Yitzhak Atzmon as Rafi
Shmil Ben Ari as Gidi (Ido's father)
Ahuva Keren as Naomi
Momo Trelovski as superintendent Rubanenko
Debbi Besserglick as School Principal
Screenings
The film was screened in the Jerusalem Film Festival and in numerous film festivals abroad, including Brussels, Toronto, Palm Beach, Monte Carlo, San Francisco, Boston, Buffalo, St. Louis, Denver and Los Angeles. It was later run frequently on Israel's Channel 2.
External links
1990s Hebrew-language films
1998 films
1998 crime drama films
Films directed by Eli Cohen
Israeli crime drama films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzz%20%28film%29 |
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