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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20second%20harmonic%20generation | Surface second harmonic generation is a method for probing interfaces in atomic and molecular systems. In second harmonic generation (SHG), the light frequency is doubled, essentially converting two photons of the original beam of energy E into a single photon of energy 2E as it interacts with noncentrosymmetric media. Surface second harmonic generation is a special case of SHG where the second beam is generated because of a break of symmetry caused by an interface. Since centrosymmetric symmetry in centrosymmetric media is only disrupted in the first (occasionally second and third) atomic or molecular layer of a system, properties of the second harmonic signal then provide information about the surface atomic or molecular layers only. Surface SHG is possible even for materials which do not exhibit SHG in the bulk. Although in many situations the dominant second harmonic signal arises from the broken symmetry at the surface, the signal in fact always has contributions from both the surface and bulk. Thus, the most sensitive experiments typically involve modification of a surface and study of the subsequent modification of the harmonic generation properties.
History
Second harmonic generation from a surface was first observed by Terhune, Maker, and Savage at the Ford Motor Company in 1962,
one year after Franken et al. first discovered second harmonic generation in bulk crystals. Prior to Terhune's discovery, it was believed that crystals could only exhibit second harmo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isofoton | Founded in 1981 Isofoton was a Spanish leading manufacturer of photovoltaic cells and modules that had its HQ in Málaga and a distribution network present in over 60 countries. It started as a spin-off of the pioneering research programme of the Institute of Solar Energy of the Technical University of Madrid (IES-UPM) in the field of silicon bifacial solar cells, today a mainstream solar cell technology. In fact, it was the very first factory in the world to mass produce, market and install this type of solar cell technology. By 1987 it abandoned manufacturing of bifacials and transitioned to conventional monofacial solar cells, still, it forged ahead successfully and from 2000 to 2005 it ranked among the top 10 PV manufacturers in the world. At its peak, by 2007, Isofoton employed 1142 people, produced 103MW and had an annual turnover of 414 million euros. In 2014 it filed for bankruptcy, as happened with almost all of the European and US PV manufacturers operating at the time, mainly due to the price pressure of a new wave of Chinese manufacturers.
History
Isofoton was founded in 1981 as a spin-off of a university research project on the development of bifacial solar cells led by Professor Antonio Luque, director of the Institute of Solar Energy of the Technical University of Madrid. This research project had started around 1975 and had investigated, patented and produced different bifacial solar cell architectures. The best performing of these, an npp+ structure, was sele |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sod%20shock%20tube | The Sod shock tube problem, named after Gary A. Sod, is a common test for the accuracy of computational fluid codes, like Riemann solvers, and was heavily investigated by Sod in 1978.
The test consists of a one-dimensional Riemann problem with the following parameters, for left and right states of an ideal gas.
,
where
is the density
is the pressure
is the velocity
The time evolution of this problem can be described by solving the Euler equations,
which leads to three characteristics, describing the propagation speed of the
various regions of the system. Namely the rarefaction wave, the contact discontinuity and
the shock discontinuity.
If this is solved numerically, one can test against the analytical solution,
and get information how well a code captures and resolves shocks and contact discontinuities
and reproduce the correct density profile of the rarefaction wave.
Analytic derivation
NOTE: The equations provided below are only correct when rarefaction takes place on left side of domain and shock happens on right side of domain.
The different states of the solution are separated by the time evolution of the
three characteristics of the system, which is due to the finite speed
of information propagation. Two of them are equal to the speed
of sound of the left and right states
where is the adiabatic gamma.
The first one is the position of the beginning of the rarefaction wave while
the other is the velocity of the propagation of the shock.
Defining:
,
The stat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis%20Dourandi | Dennis Dourandi (born February 8, 1983) is a Cameroonian footballer who currently plays as a striker for Université FC de Ngaoundéré.
External links
Profile
2. Bundesliga statistics
Living people
1983 births
Étoile Sportive du Sahel players
Újpest FC players
SpVgg Greuther Fürth players
Cameroonian men's footballers
S.C. Olhanense players
Unisport FC de Bafang players
Men's association football forwards
Cameroonian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Hungary
Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Hungary
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in Tunisia
Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Tunisia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrophin%201 | Atrophin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATN1 gene. The encoded protein includes a serine repeat and a region of alternating acidic and basic amino acids, as well as the variable glutamine repeat. The function of Atrophin-1 has not yet been determined. There is evidence provided by studies of Atrophin-1 in animals to suggest it acts as a transcriptional co-repressor. Atrophin-1 can be found in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments of neurons. It is expressed in nervous tissue.
Function
The function of Atrophin-1 has not been defined yet. It is widely hypothesized that Atrophin-1 functions as a transcriptional co-repressor. A transcriptional co-repressor is a protein that indirectly suppresses the activity of specific genes by interacting with DNA-binding proteins.
Clinical significance
The ATN1 gene has a segment of DNA called the CAG trinucleotide repeat. It is made up of cytosine, adenine, and guanine. The number of CAG repeats in the ATN1 gene in a healthy person will range from six to thirty-five repeats. CAG repeats that exceed thirty-five can cause a gain-of-function mutation in ATN1. Studies have supported the idea that mutated Atrophin-1 gathers in neurons and disrupts cell function. The sequence of the ATN1 gene contains a nuclear localizing signal (NLS) and a nuclear export signal (NES). It has been shown that a mutation of the NES in ATN1 can change where ATN1 localizes, and can cause aggregation to occur in the nucleus. This can lead to a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czerna%2C%20G%C5%82og%C3%B3w%20County | Czerna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żukowice, within Głogów County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Żukowice, north-west of Głogów, and north-west of the regional capital Wrocław.
References
Villages in Głogów County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioversity%20International | Bioversity International is a global research-for-development organization that delivers scientific evidence, management practices and policy options to use and safeguard agricultural biodiversity to attain global food- and nutrition security, working with partners in low-income countries in different regions where agricultural biodiversity can contribute to improved nutrition, resilience, productivity and climate change adaptation.
Bioversity International is a member of the CGIAR, a global research partnership for a food-secure future.
The organization is highly decentralized, with about 300 staff working around the world with regional offices located in Central and South America, West and Central Africa, East and Southern Africa, Central and South Asia, and South-east Asia. In the summer of 2021 headquarters was moved to the Aventine Hill near the FAO in Rome, Italy,
In 2019, Bioversity International joined with the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (as the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT) to "deliver research-based solutions that harness agricultural biodiversity and sustainably transform food systems to improve people’s lives".
Background
Bioversity International is a research-for-development organization focused on safeguarding and using agricultural biodiversity to help meet challenges such as adaptation to climate change and increased sustainable production.
The organization takes the view that diversity offers opportunities not only th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czernina%20G%C3%B3rna | Czernina Górna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Góra, within Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany.
It lies approximately north-east of Góra, and north-west of the regional capital Wrocław.
References
Villages in Góra County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edna%20G | Edna G is a tugboat which worked the Great Lakes and is now preserved as a museum ship. Edna G was built by the Cleveland Shipbuilding Company in 1896 for the Duluth and Iron Range Railroad at a cost $35,397.50. She was named for the daughter of J. L. Greatsinger, president of the railroad.
She has a length of , a beam of , a depth of , a gross register tonnage of 154 tons, and a net register tonnage of 67 tons.
Home-ported at Two Harbors, Minnesota, Edna G moved ships and barges carrying iron ore and taconite from the Mesabi Range and other smaller sites in the Iron Range region of northeast Minnesota. She spent her entire working career at Two Harbors with the exception of World War I (1917–1919) when she served on the eastern seaboard. She was out of service from 1931 to 1933 due to the depression.
Over the years Edna G was involved in several shipwreck rescues including the surviving crew of the Madeira. Her last tow was the Cason J. Calloway on December 30, 1980. She was the last coal-fired, steam-engine tug in service on the lakes when she was retired in 1981.
Edna G. is one of the attractions of the Lake County Historical Society in Two Harbors. Following reports of continued weakening of the hull though corrosion and exposure to ice, in January 2017 Two Harbors City Council initiated further studies of the viability of continuing her preservation ashore.
References
External links
Lake County Historical Society - Edna G. Tugboat
Museums in Lake County, Minnesot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRI%20contrast%20agent | MRI contrast agents are contrast agents used to improve the visibility of internal body structures in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
The most commonly used compounds for contrast enhancement are gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). Such MRI contrast agents shorten the relaxation times of nuclei within body tissues following oral or intravenous administration.
Theory of operation
In MRI scanners, sections of the body are exposed to a strong magnetic field causing primarily the hydrogen nuclei ("spins") of water in tissues to be polarized in the direction of the magnetic field. An intense radiofrequency pulse is applied that tips the magnetization generated by the hydrogen nuclei in the direction of the receiver coil where the spin polarization can be detected. Random molecular rotational oscillations matching the resonance frequency of the nuclear spins provide the "relaxation" mechanisms that bring the net magnetization back to its equilibrium position in alignment with the applied magnetic field. The magnitude of the spin polarization detected by the receiver is used to form the MR image but decays with a characteristic time constant known as the T1 relaxation time. Water protons in different tissues have different T1 values, which is one of the main sources of contrast in MR images. A contrast agent usually shortens, but in some instances increases, the value of T1 of nearby water protons thereby altering the contrast in the image.
Most clinically used MRI contra |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles%20Delion | Gilles Delion (born 5 August 1966) is a French former road bicycle racer. His greatest achievements include winning the Giro di Lombardia in 1990 and the young rider classification in the 1990 Tour de France.
Early in his career, Delion was seen as a great promise, but Delion ended his career in 1996, saying that at that point doping was widespread in the cycling peloton, and that all French teams were involved. Willy Voet wrote in his book "Massacre à la chaîne" that Delion was against doping, and that other cyclists ridiculed Delion for that.
Major results
1988
3rd Overall Ronde de l'Isard
3rd Grand Prix des Amériques
1989
1st Gran Premio di Lugano
2nd Overall Tour de Romandie
2nd Giro di Lombardia
3rd GP Ouest–France
7th Giro dell'Emilia
7th Milano–Torino
1990
1st Young rider classification, Tour de France
1st Giro di Lombardia
2nd Overall Critérium International
1st Stage 2
2nd Giro dell'Emilia
2nd Giro del Lazio
3rd Overall Tirreno–Adriatico
3rd Milan–San Remo
3rd Milano–Torino
5th UCI Road World Cup
9th Züri-Metzgete
1991
4th Wincanton Classic
9th Overall Tour Méditerranéen
1992
1st Classique des Alpes
1st Stage 7 Tour de France
3rd Grand Prix La Marseillaise
4th Overall Tour Méditerranéen
1993
Mi-Août Bretonne
1st Stages 3 & 8
3rd Overall Tour du Limousin
5th Overall Tour Méditerranéen
10th Giro dell'Emilia
1994
1st Grand Prix de Rennes
1st Grand Prix d'Ouverture La Marseillaise
2nd Overall Tour de l'Ain
1st Stage 2
References
Extern |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbulence%20%28disambiguation%29 | Turbulence is a phenomenon involving the irregular motion of air and fluids, studied in fluid dynamics.
Turbulence may also refer to:
Physics and technology
Clear-air turbulence, a high-altitude aviation hazard
Wake turbulence, forms behind an aircraft as it passes through the air
Wave turbulence, a set of waves deviated far from thermal equilibrium
Movies and TV
Turbulence (U.S. film series)
Turbulence (1997 film), a 1997 action film
Turbulence 2: Fear of Flying (1999 film) direct-to-video action film
Turbulence 3: Heavy Metal (2001 film) direct-to-video action film
Turbulence (2000 film), a 2000 Brazilian film
Turbulence (2011 film), a 2011 British film
Turbulence (2016), Lifetime Movie Network television film
"Turbulence" (CSI: NY episode)
"Turbulence" (Smallville episode), a season 8 episode of Smallville
Literature
Turbulence (novel), a 2005 children's book by Jan Mark
Turbulence, a 2010 superhero novel by Samit Basu
Turbulence, a novel by Giles Foden
Music
Turbulence (musician) (born 1980), Jamaican reggae musician
Turbulence (Aviator album)
Turbulence (Steve Howe album)
"Turbulence", a song from Warren Zevon's 1989 album, Transverse City
Turbulence, a 2007 album by Monoral
"Turbulence", a single from Bowling for Soup's 2011 album, Fishin' for Woos
"Turbulence" (song), a 2011 song by Laidback Luke, Steve Aoki, and Lil Jon
Other uses
Turbulence.org, an arts organization
Turbulence (NSA), a surveillance and cyberwarfare system
Turbulence, a 2005 proposed roller co |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophoretic%20light%20scattering | Electrophoretic light scattering (also known as laser Doppler electrophoresis and phase analysis light scattering ) is based on dynamic light scattering. The frequency shift or phase shift of an incident laser beam depends on the dispersed particles mobility. With dynamic light scattering, Brownian motion causes particle motion. With electrophoretic light scattering, oscillating electric field performs this function.
The method is used for measuring electrophoretic mobility, from which zeta potential can then be calculated. Instruments for applying the method are commercially available from several manufacturers. The last set of calculations requires information on viscosity and dielectric permittivity of the dispersion medium; appropriate electrophoresis theory is also required. Sample dilution is often necessary to eliminate multiple scattering of the incident laser beam and/or particle interactions.
Instrumentation
A laser beam passes through the electrophoresis cell, irradiates the particles dispersed in it, and is scattered by the particles. The scattered light is detected by a photo-multiplier after passing through two pinholes. There are two types of optical systems: heterodyne and fringe.
Ware and Flygare developed a heterodyne-type ELS instrument, that was the first instrument of this type. In a fringe optics ELS instrument, a laser beam is divided into two beams. Those cross inside the electrophresis cell at a fixed angle to produce a fringe pattern. The scatter |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppland%20Wing | Uppland Wing (), also F 16 Uppsala, or simply F 16, is a Swedish Air Force wing with the main base located at Ärna Air Base northwest of Uppsala, Sweden.
History
F 16 was established by buying farmland from Ärna gård and Bärby gård in 1943. The grass fields were used as runways for the air base that was founded in 1944.
The airbase was well outside the city limits of Uppsala at the time of the founding, but because of city growth, it later was adopted in as a suburb under the name Ärna as the population near the base and the city grew together.
The original emblem of F 16 was a golden sheaf of grain on a blue shield, but when F 2 Hägernäs airbase was decommissioned in 1974, F 16 took over its coat of arms of Uppland.
The Swedish government decided in 1996 that the wing with the squadrons would be decommissioned on 31 December 2003. The base was thereafter still active with various military schools. The base was also home to F 20 Uppsala Air Force Academy.
The wing was re-raised and was inaugurated on 14 October 2021 to the tunes from Uppland Home Guard Music Band (Upplands hemvärnsmusikkår). The wing was inaugurated by Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland. The Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces, General Micael Bydén and the Minister of Defence Peter Hultqvist also attended the inauguration. The ceremony ended with a formation flight over Uppsala Garrison and downtown Uppsala. It was carried out by the Swedish Air Force Historic Flight (SWAFHF), together with t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffery%20Taubenberger | Jeffery K. Taubenberger (born 1961 in Landstuhl, Germany) is an American virologist. With Ann Reid, he was the first to sequence the genome of the influenza virus which caused the 1918 pandemic of Spanish flu. He is Chief of the Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Taubenberger's laboratory studies a number of viruses, including influenza A viruses (IAVs), which are the pathogens that cause yearly flu epidemics and have caused periodic pandemics, such as the 1968 outbreak that killed an estimated one million people. His research aims to inform public health strategies on several important aspects of flu: seasonal flu; avian flu, which circulates among birds and has infected humans in the past; swine flu, which circulates among pigs and has infected humans in the past; and pandemic flu, which can arise from numerous sources and spread quickly because humans have little to no immunity to it.
Training
Taubenberger was born in Germany, the third son of an Army officer. When he was nine he moved to a suburb of Washington, D.C., with his parents after his father was posted at the Pentagon. He completed a combined M.D. (1986) and Ph.D. (1987) at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond in a course designed for students who wanted to follow a career in medical research. For his thesis he studied how stem cells of the bone marrow differentiate into the m |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jump%20diffusion | Jump diffusion is a stochastic process that involves jumps and diffusion. It has important applications in magnetic reconnection, coronal mass ejections, condensed matter physics, option pricing, and pattern theory and computational vision.
In physics
In crystals, atomic diffusion typically consists of jumps between vacant lattice sites. On time and length scales that average over many single jumps, the net motion of the jumping atoms can be described as regular diffusion.
Jump diffusion can be studied on a microscopic scale by inelastic neutron scattering and by Mößbauer spectroscopy. Closed expressions for the autocorrelation function have been derived for several jump(-diffusion) models:
Singwi, Sjölander 1960: alternation between oscillatory motion and directed motion
Chudley, Elliott 1961: jumps on a lattice
Sears 1966, 1967: jump diffusion of rotational degrees of freedom
Hall, Ross 1981: jump diffusion within a restricted volume
In economics and finance
In option pricing, a jump-diffusion model is a form of mixture model, mixing a jump process and a diffusion process. Jump-diffusion models have been introduced by Robert C. Merton as an extension of jump models. Due to their computational tractability, the special case of a basic affine jump diffusion is popular for some credit risk and short-rate models.
In pattern theory, computer vision, and medical imaging
In pattern theory and computational vision in medical imaging, jump-diffusion processes were first |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle%20cell%20lymphoma | Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, comprising about 6% of cases. It is named for the mantle zone of the lymph nodes where it develops. The term 'mantle cell lymphoma' was first adopted by Raffeld and Jaffe in 1991.
MCL is a subtype of B-cell lymphoma, due to CD5 positive antigen-naive pregerminal center B-cell within the mantle zone that surrounds normal germinal center follicles. MCL cells generally over-express cyclin D1 due to the t(11:14) translocation, a chromosomal translocation in the DNA.
Signs and symptoms
People with mantle cell lymphoma typically present with symptoms later in life, with a median age of onset between 60 and 70 years of age. In Western countries MCL accounts for around 7% of adult non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, with between 4 to 8 per cases per million diagnosed each year. The incidence of MCL increases with age. In the United States, the median age for its diagnosis is 68 years. Three-quarters of patients are men. In addition, patients are more likely to be Caucasian.
People commonly present with a non-localizing lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes) with B symptoms including fevers, chills and night sweats sometimes being present. 80% of patients present with stage 3 or 4 disease (advanced disease) at the time of diagnosis, with involvement of the bone marrow, liver or gastrointestinal tract. 25% of patients present with a bulky lymphadenopathy characterized by lymph nodes greater than 10 cm in size. Other patients |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLUX | KLUX (branded as "Good Company 89.5") is a radio station serving the Corpus Christi area of Texas with a secular, light adult music format. It broadcasts on FM frequency 89.5 MHz and is under ownership of the Diocesan Telecommunications Corporation, which is in turn part of the Diocese of Corpus Christi.
KLUX also broadcasts Relevant Radio on an HD Radio subchannel.
History
In February 1984, the Diocese of Corpus Christi received construction permits to build new radio stations on 89.5 MHz in Robstown and 88.1 MHz in Laredo, which was then part of the diocese. The names KLUX, with meaning "light" in Latin, and KHOY, with meaning "today" in Spanish, were chosen for the new stations. KLUX was also to be known as the "Light of the Coastal Bend". The radio stations project represented part of an ambitious media project for the diocese, known as the Catholic Communications Network, which also included the planned establishment of a television station in Laredo; the diocese already produced television programs for air on public-access cable channels and commercial stations. An $860,000 grant from the John G. and Maria Stella Kenedy Foundation supported their establishment.
KLUX began broadcasting on March 13, 1985, with a formal dedication ceremony being held at the studios in Robstown in late May. The format consisted of blocks of easy listening music—the diocese hired a company to screen out songs with suggestive or degrading lyrics—as well as religious music at specific tim |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Libert%C3%A9 | Liberté was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the French Navy in the mid-1900s. She was the lead ship of the , which included three other vessels and was a derivative of the preceding , with the primary difference being the inclusion of a heavier secondary battery. Liberté carried a main battery of four guns, like the République, but mounted ten guns for her secondary armament in place of the guns of the earlier vessels. Like many late pre-dreadnought designs, Liberté was completed after the revolutionary British battleship had entered service, rendering her obsolescent.
On entering service, Liberté was assigned to the 2nd Division of the Mediterranean Squadron, based in Toulon. She immediately began the normal peacetime training routine of squadron and fleet maneuvers and cruises to various ports in the Mediterranean. She also participated in several naval reviews for a number of French and foreign dignitaries. In September 1909, the ships of the 2nd Division crossed the Atlantic to the United States to represent France at the Hudson–Fulton Celebration.
Libertés active career was cut short on 25 September 1911 when a fire broke out in one of the ship's propellant magazines and led to a detonation of the charges stored there, destroying the ship in a tremendous explosion that killed 286 of her crew. The blast also damaged several other vessels and killed crewmen on six neighboring ships. An investigation revealed that the standard French propellant, Poudre B, was p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscillating%20U-tube | The oscillating U-tube is a technique to determine the density of liquids and gases based on an electronic measurement of the frequency of oscillation, from which the density value is calculated. This measuring principle is based on the Mass-Spring Model.
The sample is filled into a container with oscillation capacity. The eigenfrequency of this container is influenced by the sample's mass. This container with oscillation capacity is a hollow, U-shaped glass tube (oscillating U-tube) which is electronically excited into undamped oscillation. The two branches of the U-shaped oscillator function as its spring elements.
The direction of oscillation is normal to the level of the two branches. The oscillator's eigenfrequency is only influenced by the part of the sample that is actually involved in the oscillation. The volume involved in the oscillation is limited by the stationary oscillation knots at the bearing points of the oscillator. If the oscillator is at least filled up to its bearing points, the same precisely defined volume always participates in the oscillation, thus the measured value of the sample's mass can be used to calculate its density.
Overfilling the oscillator beyond the bearing points is irrelevant to the measurement. For this reason the oscillator can also be employed to measure the density of sample media that flow through the tube (Continuous Measurement).
In modern digital density meters, Piezo elements are used to excite the U-tube whereby optical |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryonic%20Stem%20Cell%20Research%20Oversight%20Committees | The National Academies called for the establishment of Embryonic Stem Cell Research Oversight (ESCRO) Committees in its 2005 Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research to manage the ethical and legal concerns in human embryonic stem cell research. Because of the complexity and novelty of many of the issues involved in that research, the Guidelines committee believes that all research institutions engaged in human embryonic stem cell research should create and maintain these committees at the local level.
The composition and responsibilities of ESCRO committees was further clarified in the Amendments to the National Academies' Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research, released in February 2007.
Organization
The National Academies' Guidelines make clear that activities related to human embryonic stem cell research should be overseen by an ESCRO committee. Those committees could be internal to a single institution or established jointly with one or more other institutions. Alternatively, an institution may have its proposals reviewed by an ESCRO committee of another institution or by an independent ESCRO committee. Many of these changes are discussed in the 2007 Amendments.
Composition
The composition of ESCRO committees was specified to include representatives of the public and people with expertise in developmental biology, stem cell research, molecular biology, assisted reproduction, and ethical and legal issues in human embryonic stem cell research.
T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Justice | Justice was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the French Navy in the early 1900s. She was the second member of the , which included three other vessels and was a derivative of the preceding , with the primary difference being the inclusion of a heavier secondary battery. Justice carried a main battery of four guns, like the République, but mounted ten guns for her secondary armament in place of the guns of the earlier vessels. Like many late pre-dreadnought designs, Justice was completed after the revolutionary British battleship had entered service, rendering her obsolescent.
On entering service, Justice became the flagship of the 2nd Division of the Mediterranean Squadron, based in Toulon. She immediately began the normal peacetime training routine of squadron and fleet maneuvers and cruises to various ports in the Mediterranean. She also participated in several naval reviews for a number of French and foreign dignitaries. In September 1909, the ships of the 2nd Division crossed the Atlantic to the United States to represent France at the Hudson–Fulton Celebration. She collided with her sister ship twice, the first in December 1913 and the second in August 1914, though she was not badly damaged in either accident.
Following the outbreak of war in July 1914, Justice was used to escort troopship convoys carrying elements of the French Army from French North Africa to face the Germans invading northern France. She thereafter steamed to contain the Austro-Hungarian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20V%C3%A9rit%C3%A9 | Vérité was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the French Navy in the mid-1900s. She was the second member of the , which included three other vessels and was a derivative of the preceding , with the primary difference being the inclusion of a heavier secondary battery. Vérité carried a main battery of four guns, like the République, but mounted ten guns for her secondary armament in place of the guns of the earlier vessels. Like many late pre-dreadnought designs, Vérité was completed after the revolutionary British battleship had entered service and rendered her obsolescent.
Even before being commissioned into service with the fleet, Vérité carried President Armand Fallières on a tour of the Baltic Sea in 1908. After formally entering service, Vérité was assigned to the 2nd Division of the Mediterranean Squadron, based in Toulon. She then embarked on the normal peacetime training routine of squadron and fleet maneuvers and cruises to various ports in the Mediterranean. She also participated in several naval reviews for a number of French and foreign dignitaries. In September 1909, the ships of the 2nd Division crossed the Atlantic to the United States to represent France at the Hudson–Fulton Celebration.
Following the outbreak of World War I in July 1914, Justice was used to escort troopship convoys carrying elements of the French Army from French North Africa to face the Germans invading northern France. She thereafter steamed to contain the Austro-Hungarian Navy i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20D%C3%A9mocratie | Démocratie was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the French Navy in the mid-1900s. She was the fourth member of the , which included three other vessels and was a derivative of the preceding , with the primary difference being the inclusion of a heavier secondary battery. Démocratie carried a main battery of four guns, like the République, but mounted ten guns for her secondary armament in place of the guns of the earlier vessels. Like many late pre-dreadnought designs, Démocratie was completed after the revolutionary British battleship had entered service, rendering her obsolescent.
On entering service, Démocratie joined the Mediterranean Squadron, based in Toulon. She immediately began the normal peacetime training routine of squadron and fleet maneuvers and cruises to various ports in the Mediterranean. She also participated in several naval reviews for a number of French and foreign dignitaries. Following the outbreak of war in July 1914, Démocratie was used to escort troopship convoys carrying elements of the French Army from French North Africa to face the Germans invading northern France. She thereafter steamed to contain the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the Adriatic Sea, taking part in the minor Battle of Antivari in August. The increasing threat of Austro-Hungarian U-boats and the unwillingness of the Austro-Hungarian fleet to engage in battle led to a period of monotonous patrols that ended with Italy's entry into the war on the side of France, which allowed t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudna%20Ma%C5%82a%2C%20Lower%20Silesian%20Voivodeship | Rudna Mała is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wąsosz, within Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany.
References
Villages in Góra County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudna%20Ma%C5%82a | Rudna Mała may refer to the following places in Poland:
Rudna Mała, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
Rudna Mała, Subcarpathian Voivodeship (south-east Poland) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudna%20Wielka%2C%20Lower%20Silesian%20Voivodeship | Rudna Wielka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wąsosz, within Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany. It lies approximately north of Wąsosz, east of Góra, and north-west of the regional capital Wrocław.
References
Rudna Wielka |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudna%20Wielka | Rudna Wielka may refer to the following places in Poland:
Rudna Wielka, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
Rudna Wielka, Podkarpackie Voivodeship (south-east Poland) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6dra%20Cell%20Tofte | Södra Cell Tofte is a pulp mill located at Tofte in Buskerud, Norway.
The plant dates back to 1897 when Tofte Cellulosefabrik was founded at the initiative of industrialist Anthon B. Nilsen.
The raw material used at the plant is from eucalyptus, pine and spruce. The plant received about 25% of all Norwegian timber.
Tofte Industrier was formed in 1983 to operate the plant and produce chemical paper pulp. In 1989 Tofte Industrier was merged into Norske Skog. The plant was owned by the Swedish company Södra Skogsägarna from 2000 when it bought the plant and changed its name to Södra Cell Tofte.
In 2013, it was announced that the plant would be shut down due to lack of profit. In July 2013 it was announced that the decision to close the plant was definite after several attempts to sell it had failed.
In May 2014, Statkraft and Södra Cell signed a letter of intent to form a company with the goal of establishing future biofuel production based on forest raw material. Under the agreement, Statkraft will acquire Södra Cell Tofte AS, which owns the industrial site of the former Tofte cellulose plant.
References
Pulp and paper mills in Norway
Manufacturing companies of Norway
Companies based in Buskerud
Manufacturing companies established in 1897
Norske Skog
1897 establishments in Norway
Hurum |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lommel%20function | The Lommel differential equation, named after Eugen von Lommel, is an inhomogeneous form of the Bessel differential equation:
Solutions are given by the Lommel functions sμ,ν(z) and Sμ,ν(z), introduced by ,
where Jν(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind and Yν(z) a Bessel function of the second kind.
See also
Anger function
Lommel polynomial
Struve function
Weber function
References
External links
Weisstein, Eric W. "Lommel Differential Equation." From MathWorld—A Wolfram Web Resource.
Weisstein, Eric W. "Lommel Function." From MathWorld—A Wolfram Web Resource.
Special functions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%20%28computational%20geometry%29 | In computational geometry, the bin is a data structure that allows efficient region queries. Each time a data point falls into a bin, the frequency of that bin is increased by one.
For example, if there are some axis-aligned rectangles on a 2D plane, the structure can answer the question, "Given a query rectangle, what are the rectangles intersecting it?" In the example in the top figure, A, B, C, D, E and F are existing rectangles, so the query with the rectangle Q should return C, D, E and F, if we define all rectangles as closed intervals.
The data structure partitions a region of the 2D plane into uniform-sized bins. The bounding box of the bins encloses all candidate rectangles to be queried. All the bins are arranged in a 2D array. All the candidates are represented also as 2D arrays. The size of a candidate's array is the number of bins it intersects.
For example, in the top figure, candidate B has 6 elements arranged in a 3 row by 2 column array because it intersects 6 bins in such an arrangement. Each bin contains the head of a singly linked list. If a candidate intersects a bin, it is chained to the bin's linked list. Each element in a candidate's array is a link node in the corresponding bin's linked list.
Operations
Query
From the query rectangle Q, we can find out which bin its lower-left corner intersects efficiently by simply subtracting the bin's bounding box's lower-left corner from the lower-left corner of Q and dividing the result by the width and he |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signe%20Johansson-Engdahl | Signe Dagmar Charlotta Johansson-Engdahl (27 May 1905 – 9 May 2010) was a Swedish diver. She competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics in the 3 m springboard and placed fifth. From the death of Erna Sondheim on 9 January 2008 until her own death, she was believed to be the oldest living person to have competed in the Olympic games. She was married to the Olympic runner Nils Engdahl, and her sister-in-law Märta Johansson was also an Olympic diver.
References
1905 births
2010 deaths
Olympic divers for Sweden
Swedish centenarians
Swedish female divers
Divers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Divers from Stockholm
Stockholms KK divers
Women centenarians
20th-century Swedish women
21st-century Swedish women |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20George%20theorem | The Henry George theorem states that under certain conditions, aggregate spending by government on public goods will increase aggregate rent based on land value (land rent) more than that amount, with the benefit of the last marginal investment equaling its cost. The theory is named for 19th century U.S. political economist and activist Henry George.
Theory
This general relationship, first noted by the French physiocrats in the 18th century, is one basis for advocating the collection of a tax based on land rents to help defray the cost of public investment that helps create land values. Henry George popularized this method of raising public revenue in his works (especially in Progress and Poverty), which launched the 'single tax' movement.
In 1977, Joseph Stiglitz showed that under certain conditions, beneficial investments in public goods will increase aggregate land rents by at least as much as the investments' cost. This proposition was dubbed the "Henry George theorem", as it characterizes a situation where Henry George's 'single tax' on land values, is not only efficient, it is also the only tax necessary to finance public expenditures. Henry George had famously advocated for the replacement of all other taxes with a land value tax, arguing that as the location value of land was improved by public works, its economic rent was the most logical source of public revenue.
Subsequent studies generalized the principle and found that the theorem holds even after relaxing a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Creeping%20Flesh | The Creeping Flesh is a 1973 British horror film directed by Freddie Francis, written by Peter Spenceley, and starring Christopher Lee, Peter Cushing, and Lorna Heilbron.
Plot
Prof. Emmanuel Hildern (Peter Cushing), a Victorian era scientist, is shown meeting a young doctor in what appears to be a laboratory. He excitedly tells the doctor that he needs help because he has discovered a form of evil that is real, a living being, and that he has unwittingly unleashed the evil thousands of years too soon. He then recounts how his discovery was made.
In a flashback, Hildern recounts his return in 1894 from an expedition to New Guinea where he discovered an abnormally large humanoid skeleton. Paradoxically, the skeleton is far older than previously recovered specimens, but also much more advanced. Hildern hopes the discovery will earn him the prestigious Richter Prize. He has little time to rejoice before receiving word that his wife, institutionalised for years, has finally died. He learns this from his half-brother James Hildern (Christopher Lee), who runs the asylum where Hildern's wife had been held in secret. While visiting the asylum, James tells his brother that he made a psychiatric study of Hildern's wife and plans to publish the findings in the hope of winning the Richter Prize. He also tells Hildern that he will no longer subsidise Hildern's expeditions.
Returning home and to the skeleton, and with a new urgency to complete his research, Hildern discovers that the sk |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice%20gas%20automaton | Lattice gas automata (LGCA), or lattice gas cellular automata, are a type of cellular automaton used to simulate fluid flows, pioneered by Hardy–Pomeau–de Pazzis and Frisch–Hasslacher–Pomeau. They were the precursor to the lattice Boltzmann methods. From lattice gas automata, it is possible to derive the macroscopic Navier–Stokes equations. Interest in lattice gas automaton methods levelled off in the early 1990s, as the interest in the lattice Boltzmann started to rise. However, an LGCA variant, termed BIO-LGCA, is still widely used to model collective migration in biology.
Basic principles
As a cellular automaton, these models comprise a lattice, where the sites on the lattice can take a certain number of different states. In lattice gas, the various states are particles with certain velocities. Evolution of the simulation is done in discrete time steps. After each time step, the state at a given site can be determined by the state of the site itself and neighboring sites, before the time step.
The state at each site is purely boolean. At a given site, there either is or is not a particle moving in each direction.
At each time step, two processes are carried out, propagation and collision.
In the propagation step, each particle will move to a neighboring site determined by the velocity that particle had. Barring any collisions, a particle with an upwards velocity will after the time step maintain that velocity, but be moved to the neighboring site above the original sit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlov%20block%20allocator | The Orlov block allocator is an algorithm to define where a particular file will reside on a given file system (blockwise), so as to speed up disk operations.
Etymology
The scheme is named after its creator Grigoriy Orlov, who first posted, in 2000, a brief description and implementation for OpenBSD of the technique, which was later used in the BSD Fast Filesystem kernel variants.
Background
The performance of a file system is dependent on many things; one of the crucial factors is just how that filesystem lays out files on the disk. In general, it is best to keep related items together. The Linux ext2 and ext3 filesystems, for instance, have tried to spread directories on the cylinders of the disk. Imagine setting up a system with users' home directories in /home: if all the first-level directories within /home (i.e. the home directories for numerous users) are placed next to each other, there may be no space left for the contents of those directories. User files thus end up being placed far from the directories that contain them, and performance suffers.
Spreading directories on the disc allows files in the same directory to remain more or less contiguous as their number and/or size grows, but there are some situations where this causes excessive spreading of the data on the disk's surface.
How it works
Essentially, the Orlov algorithm tries to distribute "top-level" directories on the assumption that each is unrelated to the others. Directories created in the root d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307%20Real%20Madrid%20CF%20season | The 2006–07 season was Real Madrid CF's 76th season in La Liga. This article lists all matches that the club played in the 2006–07 season, and also shows statistics of the club's players.
Season summary
The summer of 2006 saw Real choose a new and returning coach, Fabio Capello coming from Juventus in the wake of Calciopoli.
Capello brought several recent and previous Juventus players with him to the club, but not all of them made a huge impact, the team instead relying on the goals of Ruud van Nistelrooy for the whole season.
Real returned to domestic league glory after a 3–1 victory against Mallorca in the last game of the season, but the club surprisingly sacked Capello shortly after winning the La Liga title after Capello refused to field David Beckham and Ronaldo as well as his defensive tactics. He was replaced by a surprise candidate Bernd Schuster from Getafe for the following season.
On the other hand, Real Madrid suffered painful exits in the Round of 16 of the Copa del Rey against Real Betis as well as in the UEFA Champions League against Bayern Munich in the Round of 16.
Players
Transfers
Real Madrid 2006-07 – first team shirt numbers
In
|}
Total spending: €100,500,000
Club
Technical staff
Kit
|
|
|
Other information
Pre-season and friendlies
Competitions
La Liga
League table
Matches
Results summary
Results by round
Points evolution
Source: LPF
Position evolution
Source: LPF
Copa del Rey
Round of 32
Round of 16
Champions League
Grou |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropipe | A micropipe, also called a micropore, microtube, capillary defect or pinhole defect, is a crystallographic defect in a single crystal substrate. Minimizing the presence of micropipes is important in semiconductor manufacturing, as their presence on a wafer can result in the failure of integrated circuits made from that wafer.
Micropipes are also relevant to makers of silicon carbide (SiC) substrates, used in a variety of industries such as power semiconductor devices for vehicles and high frequency communication devices; during the production of these materials, the crystal undergoes internal and external stresses causing growth of defects, or dislocations, within the atomic lattice.
A screw dislocation is a common dislocation that transforms successive atomic planes within a crystal lattice into the shape of a helix. Once a screw dislocation propagates through the bulk of a sample during the wafer growth process, a micropipe is formed.
Micropipes and screw dislocations in epitaxial layers are normally derived from the substrates on which the epitaxy is performed. Micropipes are considered to be empty-core screw dislocations with large strain energy (i.e. they have large Burgers vector); they follow the growth direction (c-axis) in silicon carbide boules and substrates propagating into the deposited epitaxial layers.
Factors which influence formation of micropipes (and other defects) are such growth parameters as temperature, supersaturation, vapor phase stoichiometry, i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty%20in%20Colombia |
Poverty statistics
In 2017, the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) reported that 26.9% of the population were living below the poverty line, of which 7.4% in "extreme poverty". The multidimensional poverty rate stands at 17.0% of the population.
Unemployment
The average national unemployment rate in 2017 was 9.4%, although the informality is the biggest problem facing the labour market (the income of formal workers climbed 24.8% in 5 years while labor incomes of informal workers rose only 9%).
Inequality
According to the World Bank, Colombia's Gini coefficient (a measurement of inequality in wealth distribution) was 0.587 in 2000 and 0.535 in 2013, ranking alongside Chile, Panama, Brazil and Honduras as the most unequal Latin American countries in terms of wealth distribution.
Related issues
Literacy
In 2015, a total of 94.58% of the population aged 15 and older were recorded as literate, including 98.53% of those aged 15–24.
Malnutrition
In 2010, 3.4% of the children under 5 years old in Colombia suffer from global malnutrition (deficiency of weight for age) and up to 13% suffer from chronic malnutrition (deficiency of height for age). The situation is worse for the indigenous peoples of Colombia, who in the same indicators recorded rates of 7.5% and 29.5% respectively.
Social strata in Colombia
Colombia's social strata have been divided as follows and have been extensively used by the government as a reference to develop social welfare program |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20capacitance | Differential capacitance in physics, electronics, and electrochemistry is a measure of the voltage-dependent capacitance of a nonlinear capacitor, such as an electrical double layer or a semiconductor diode. It is defined as the derivative of charge with respect to potential.
Description
In electrochemistry differential capacitance is a parameter introduced for characterizing electrical double layers:
where σ is surface charge and ψ is electric surface potential.
Capacitance is usually defined as the stored charge between two conducting surfaces separated by a dielectric divided by the voltage between the surfaces. Another definition is the rate of change of the stored charge or surface charge (σ) divided by the rate of change of the voltage between the surfaces or the electric surface potential (ψ). The latter is called the "differential capacitance," but usually the stored charge is directly proportional to the voltage, making the capacitances given by the two definitions equal.
This type of differential capacitance may be called "parallel plate capacitance," after the usual form of the capacitor. However, the term is meaningful when applied to any two conducting bodies such as spheres, and not necessarily ones of the same size, for example, the elevated terminals of a Tesla wireless system and the earth. These are widely spaced insulated conducting bodies positioned over a spherically conducting ground plane.
"The differential capacitance between the spheres is obta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search%20optimization | Search optimization may refer to:
Local search (optimization), a heuristic method for solving computationally hard optimization problems
Location search optimization (LSO), improving the visibility of a website through location-enabled devices
Search and optimization, searches that begin with some form of a guess and then refine the guess incrementally
Search engine optimization, the process of improving the online visibility of a website
Search link optimization (SLO), a process by which internal and external incoming links are optimized for search engine algorithms
See also
Pattern search (optimization), a family of numerical optimization methods that does not require a gradient |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%20Tales%20Zoological%20Park | Cat Tales Wildlife Center formerly Cat Tales Zoological Park is a USDA Licensed - Class C - Exhibitor (all zoos fall under this classification) that helps rescue and protect big cats and Northwest wildlife. It is located in Mead, Washington. As the need for forever homes constantly changes 2020 increased the sanctuary count to twenty one various felines, including bobcat, lynx, puma, lion, Siberian tiger, Bengal tiger, and white tiger. Along with two black bears, and twelve various canines, including arctic fox, red fox, coyote, and wolfdog.
Cat Tales was founded in 1990 by Mike and Debbie Wyche and incorporated on July 27, 1991, as a 501(c)3 non-profit charity. Cat Tales Wildlife Academy is the sanctuary's vocational and zoological technology school, licensed by the Workforce Training and Education Board. Cat Tales is the only zoo in Spokane County. They are home to many animals that have troubled pasts and have been rescued from difficult situations or private owners, often placed at Cat Tales as a final home and safe sanctuary. Through outreach to the community via fairs, expos, classroom visits and otherwise, it is one of Cat Tales primary stated goals that they wish to educate the public about wildlife close to home and far away; their plights and need for support in the wild.
As of September 2019, one of Cat Tales original founders, Mike Wyche died after a long illness. As of his passing the park is run by his wife and head teacher of the zoological education cente |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20submarine%20museums | This is a list of museums that include submarines that can either be toured or viewed on display.
Australia
Brazil
Bulgaria
Slava (project 633) – Submarine Museum "Slava", Beloslav, Varna region, Bulgaria – Romeo-class sub. Launched 1960.
Canada
Chile
Croatia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
India
Indonesia
Israel
Italy
Japan
Malaysia
FS Ouessant (S623) Agosta-class submarine – Submarine Museum in Klebang, Malaysia
Netherlands
HNLMS Tonijn (S-805) – Dutch Naval Museum, Den Helder, The Netherlands – Potvis-class sub. Launched 1965.
Norway
HNoMS Utstein (S-203) – Norwegian Naval Museum, Horten, Norway – Kobben-class sub. (207 class in Germany) Launched 1965.
Pakistan
– Pakistan Maritime Museum, Karachi, Pakistan – Daphné class submarine (French built) that served in the Pakistan Navy from 1970 to 2006. She was the first (and one of only two) submarine after World War II which sank enemy warship – Indian Navy's anti-submarine frigate INS Khukri, in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War.
Peru
BAP Abtao – Peruvian Naval Museum, Callao, Peru – BAP Abtao (SS-42) Abtao-class submarine of the Peruvian Navy. Launched in 1954.
Russian Federation
Slovenia
P-913 ZETA – the Pivka Military History Park, Pivka, Slovenija – Una type midget submarine. Launched 1987.
South Africa
in Simon's Town, South Africa.
South Korea
Sang-O-class submarine – 1996 Gangneung submarine infiltration incident – located at Gangneung Unification Park.
Spain
Sweden
Sw |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiofrequency%20MASINT | Radiofrequency MASINT is one of the six major disciplines generally accepted to make up the field of Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT), with due regard that the MASINT subdisciplines may overlap, and MASINT, in turn, is complementary to more traditional intelligence collection and analysis disciplines such as SIGINT and IMINT. MASINT encompasses intelligence gathering activities that bring together disparate elements that do not fit within the definitions of Signals Intelligence (SIGINT), Imagery Intelligence (IMINT), or Human Intelligence (HUMINT).
According to the United States Department of Defense, MASINT is technically derived intelligence (excluding traditional imagery IMINT and signals intelligence SIGINT) that – when collected, processed, and analyzed by dedicated MASINT systems – results in intelligence that detects, tracks, identifies, or describes the signatures (distinctive characteristics) of fixed or dynamic target sources. MASINT was recognized as a formal intelligence discipline in 1986. See Measurement and Signature Intelligence for an overview of the discipline and its unifying principles. As with many branches of MASINT, specific techniques may overlap with the six major conceptual disciplines of MASINT defined by the Center for MASINT Studies and Research, which divides MASINT into Electro-optical, Nuclear, Geophysical, Radar, Materials, and Radiofrequency disciplines.
Disciplines
MASINT is made up of six major disciplines, but the dis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauze%20sponge | Gauze sponges are disposable medical supplies commonly used in medicine and surgery. They are ordinarily made of gauze and are used to absorb blood and other fluids as well as clean wounds. When used in surgery, they are called surgical sponges.
Common sizes include , , and .
The materials used in the manufacturing of gauze sponges for medical purposes include cotton and non-woven materials. In addition to its many sizes, plys, and fabrics, gauze sponges can also be sterile and non-sterile.
The open weave design of gauze sponges assists with the removal of dead tissue from the skin surface as well as vertically wick fluid from the wound onto any secondary dressing to assist with preventing maceration of skin tissue.
Surgical sponges left in body cavities after surgery may cause complications, and are a common sort of surgical error. For this reason, counting them as they are used and removed is a common checklist item. When non-radiopaque sponges are forgotten during surgeries, "Textiloma" or "gossypiboma" are formed. Some sponges include a radiopaque strip so that they can be located by X-ray.
References
Bibliography
"Surgical Sponges" in Colleen J. Rutherford, Surgical Equipment and Supplies, 2nd ed, 2016,
External links
First aid |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choi%20Hyun | Choi Hyun (; born 7 November 1978) is a retired South Korean footballer who played as goalkeeper.
Club career
He formerly played for Jeju United, Busan IPark and Daejeon Citizen.
Career statistics
Club
External links
1978 births
Living people
Men's association football goalkeepers
South Korean men's footballers
Jeju United FC players
Gyeongnam FC players
Busan IPark players
Daejeon Hana Citizen players
K League 1 players
Footballers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for South Korea
Footballers from Busan
Chung-Ang University alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea%20urban%20area | The Swansea Urban Area or Swansea Built-up Area is an area of land in south Wales, defined by the Office for National Statistics for population monitoring purposes. It is an urban conurbation and is not coterminous with the City and County of Swansea. It consists of the urban area centred on Swansea city centre; the Swansea Valley including Clydach, Ystradgynlais and Pontardawe; and includes Neath and Port Talbot which are outside the county boundaries, but excludes the urban area of Gorseinon within the county boundaries.
The total population of the area in 2011 was 300,352 making it the 3rd largest in Wales, the 24th largest conurbation in England and Wales and the 27th largest in the United Kingdom. This was an increase of 11% from the 2001 figure of 270,506. Most of the increase was due to Ystradgynlais, Gowerton, Upper Killay and Glais becoming part of the urban area.
Subdivisions
The ONS provides sub-division statistics for the Swansea Urban Area
Notes:
Gowerton was included under the Swansea subdivision for the 2001 census.
Ystradgynlais was not part of the Swansea urban area until the 2011 census
See also
List of conurbations in the United Kingdom
References
External links
ONS map, showing urban areas in part of South Wales
Office for National Statistics: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas
Geography of Swansea
Urban areas of Wales
Demographics of Wales |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Taste%20of%20Strawbs | A Taste of Strawbs is a box-set album by Strawbs. Instead of being a "best of" album, the compilers (Dave Cousins and Dick Greener) have attempted to present alternative versions of some well-known songs plus some previously unreleased material. Included are some very old songs by The Strawberry Hill Boys, with Dave Cousins, Tony Hooper and Ron Chesterman, also are some very interesting songs by Sandy Denny and The Strawbs, and outtakes from different periods of the band's career.
Track listing
CD 1 – Eyes Wide Open
"The Grey Hawk" (traditional) Strawberry Hill Boys live recording
"The Cruel Wars (Higher Germanie)" (traditional) Dave Cousins unreleased recording
"You Don't Think About Me" Strawberry Hill Boys demo
"Not All The Flowers Grow" (Dave Cousins) Dave Cousins demo
"You Keep Going Your Way" (Cousins) Strawberry Hill Boys demo
"Sail Away to the Sea" (Cousins) Sandy Denny and the Strawbs
"Nothing Else Will Do" (Cousins) Sandy Denny and the Strawbs
"Oh How She Changed" (Cousins, Tony Hooper) 2005 re-mix
"Or Am I Dreaming" (Cousins) 2005 re-mix
"All The Little Ladies" (Cousins, Hooper) Alternative mix with spoken word intro and outro
"Ah Me, Ah My" (Hooper) Alternate mix
"The Man Who Called Himself Jesus" (Cousins) Alternative mix
"The Battle" (Cousins) Live
"It's Just Love" (Dave Lambert) Unreleased Fire recording
"Another Day" (Cousins) Live
"Forever" (Cousins, Hooper) Dragonfly outtake
"Where am I"/"I'll Show You Where to Sleep" (Cousins) 1970 live track
"Canondale" |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTPgammaS | GTPgammaS (GTPγS, guanosine 5'-O-[gamma-thio]triphosphate) is a non-hydrolyzable or slowly hydrolyzable G-protein-activating analog of guanosine triphosphate (GTP). Many GTP binding proteins demonstrate activity when bound to GTP, and are inactivated via the hydrolysis of the phosphoanhydride bond that links the γ-phosphate to the remainder of the nucleotide, leaving a bound guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and releasing an inorganic phosphate. This usually occurs rapidly, and the GTP-binding protein can then only be activated by exchanging the GDP for a new GTP molecule. The substitution of sulfur for one of the oxygens of the γ-phosphate of GTP creates a nucleotide that either cannot be hydrolyzed or is only slowly hydrolyzed. This prevents the GTP-binding proteins from being inactivated, and allows the cellular processes that they carry out when active to be more easily studied.
The consequences of the constitutive activation of GTP-binding proteins include stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation or elimination, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes. The 35S labelled radioligand of the compound, 35SGTPγS, is used in autoradiography and G-protein binding studies.
References
Nucleotides |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging | Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cardiac MRI, CMR), also known as cardiovascular MRI, is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology used for non-invasive assessment of the function and structure of the cardiovascular system. Conditions in which it is performed include congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathies and valvular heart disease, diseases of the aorta such as dissection, aneurysm and coarctation, coronary heart disease. It can also be used to look at pulmonary veins. Patient information may be found here.
It is contraindicated if there are some implanted metal or electronic devices such as some intracerebral clips or claustrophobia. These can be looked up to see if they are MRI conditional. For pacemaker or defibrillator patients, almost all can be scanned but special protocols are needed.
Conventional MRI sequences are adapted for cardiac imaging by using ECG gating and high temporal resolution protocols. The development of cardiac MRI is an active field of research and continues to see a rapid expansion of new and emerging techniques.
Uses
Cardiovascular MRI is complementary to other imaging techniques, such as echocardiography, cardiac CT, and nuclear medicine. The technique has a key role in evidence-based diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Its applications include assessment of myocardial ischemia and viability, cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, iron overload, vascular diseases, and congenital heart disease. It is the reference standard for |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes%27s%20law%20of%20sound%20attenuation | In acoustics, Stokes's law of sound attenuation is a formula for the attenuation of sound in a Newtonian fluid, such as water or air, due to the fluid's viscosity. It states that the amplitude of a plane wave decreases exponentially with distance traveled, at a rate given by
where is the dynamic viscosity coefficient of the fluid, is the sound's angular frequency, is the fluid density, and is the speed of sound in the medium.
The law and its derivation were published in 1845 by the Anglo-Irish physicist G. G. Stokes, who also developed Stokes's law for the friction force in fluid motion. A generalisation of Stokes attenuation taking into account the effect of thermal conductivity was proposed by the German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff in 1868.
Sound attenuation in fluids is also accompanied by acoustic dispersion, meaning that the different frequencies are propagating at different sound speeds.
Interpretation
Stokes's law of sound attenuation applies to sound propagation in an isotropic and homogeneous Newtonian medium. Consider a plane sinusoidal pressure wave that has amplitude at some point. After traveling a distance from that point, its amplitude will be
The parameter is a kind of attenuation constant, dimensionally the reciprocal of length.
In the International System of Units (SI), it is expressed in neper per meter or simply reciprocal of meter (m). That is, if = 1 m, the wave's amplitude decreases by a factor of for each meter traveled.
Importance of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychoric%20correlation | In statistics, polychoric correlation is a technique for estimating the correlation between two hypothesised normally distributed continuous latent variables, from two observed ordinal variables. Tetrachoric correlation is a special case of the polychoric correlation applicable when both observed variables are dichotomous. These names derive from the polychoric and tetrachoric series which are used for estimation of these correlations.
Applications and examples
This technique is frequently applied when analysing items on self-report instruments such as personality tests and surveys that often use rating scales with a small number of response options (e.g., strongly disagree to strongly agree). The smaller the number of response categories, the more a correlation between latent continuous variables will tend to be attenuated.
Lee, Poon & Bentler (1995) have recommended a two-step approach to factor analysis for assessing the factor structure of tests involving ordinally measured items. Kiwanuka and colleagues (2022) have also illustrated the application of polychoric correlations and polychoric confirmatory factor analysis in nursing science. This aims to reduce the effect of statistical artifacts, such as the number of response scales or skewness of variables leading to items grouping together in factors. In some disciplines, the statistical technique is rarely applied however, some scholars have demonstrated how it can be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlatio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume%20viscosity | Volume viscosity (also called bulk viscosity, or dilatational viscosity) is a material property relevant for characterizing fluid flow. Common symbols are or . It has dimensions (mass / (length × time)), and the corresponding SI unit is the pascal-second (Pa·s).
Like other material properties (e.g. density, shear viscosity, and thermal conductivity) the value of volume viscosity is specific to each fluid and depends additionally on the fluid state, particularly its temperature and pressure. Physically, volume viscosity represents the irreversible resistance, over and above the reversible resistance caused by isentropic bulk modulus, to a compression or expansion of a fluid. At the molecular level, it stems from the finite time required for energy injected in the system to be distributed among the rotational and vibrational degrees of freedom of molecular motion.
Knowledge of the volume viscosity is important for understanding a variety of fluid phenomena, including sound attenuation in polyatomic gases (e.g. Stokes's law), propagation of shock waves, and dynamics of liquids containing gas bubbles. In many fluid dynamics problems, however, its effect can be neglected. For instance, it is 0 in a monatomic gas at low density, whereas in an incompressible flow the volume viscosity is superfluous since it does not appear in the equation of motion.
Volume viscosity was introduced in 1879 by Sir Horace Lamb in his famous work Hydrodynamics. Although relatively obscure in the sc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negri%C8%99oara%20%28Dorna%29 | The Negrișoara is a right tributary of the river Dorna in Romania. It flows into the Dorna in Dorna Candrenilor. Its length is and its basin size is .
References
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Suceava County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group%20method%20of%20data%20handling | Group method of data handling (GMDH) is a family of inductive algorithms for computer-based mathematical modeling of multi-parametric datasets that features fully automatic structural and parametric optimization of models.
GMDH is used in such fields as data mining, knowledge discovery, prediction, complex systems modeling, optimization and pattern recognition. GMDH algorithms are characterized by inductive procedure that performs sorting-out of gradually complicated polynomial models and selecting the best solution by means of the external criterion.
A GMDH model with multiple inputs and one output is a subset of components of the base function (1):
where fi are elementary functions dependent on different sets of inputs, ai are coefficients and m is the number of the base function components.
In order to find the best solution, GMDH algorithms consider various component subsets of the base function (1) called partial models. Coefficients of these models are estimated by the least squares method. GMDH algorithms gradually increase the number of partial model components and find a model structure with optimal complexity indicated by the minimum value of an external criterion. This process is called self-organization of models.
As the first base function used in GMDH, was the gradually complicated Kolmogorov–Gabor polynomial (2):
Usually more simple partial models with up to second degree functions are used.
The inductive algorithms are also known as polynomial n |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penman%E2%80%93Monteith%20equation | The Penman–Monteith equation approximates net evapotranspiration (ET) from meteorological data, as a replacement for direct measurement of evapotranspiration. The equation is widely used, and was derived by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization for modeling potential evapotranspiration ET0.
Significance
Evapotranspiration contributions are very significant in a watershed's water balance, yet are often not emphasized in results because the precision of this component is often weak relative to more directly measured phenomena, e.g. rain and stream flow. In addition to weather uncertainties, the Penman–Monteith equation is sensitive to vegetation specific parameters, e.g. stomatal resistance or conductance.
Various forms of crop coefficients (Kc) account for differences between specific vegetation modeled and a reference evapotranspiration (RET or ET0) standard. Stress coefficients (Ks) account for reductions in ET due to environmental stress (e.g. soil saturation reduces root-zone O2, low soil moisture induces wilt, air pollution effects, and salinity). Models of native vegetation cannot assume crop management to avoid recurring stress.
Equation
Per Monteith's Evaporation and Environment, the equation is:
λv = Latent heat of vaporization. Energy required per unit mass of water vaporized. (J g−1)
Lv = Volumetric latent heat of vaporization. Energy required per water volume vaporized. (Lv = 2453 MJ m−3)
E = Mass water evapotranspiration rate (g s−1 m−2)
ET = |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorna%20%28river%29 | The Dorna is a right tributary of the river Bistrița, in Romania. It discharges into the Bistrița in Vatra Dornei. It flows through the villages Dornișoara, Poiana Stampei, Podu Coșnei, Dorna Candrenilor and the town Vatra Dornei. Its length is and its basin size is .
Tributaries
The following rivers are tributaries to the river Dorna (from source to mouth):
Left: Tihul, Dornișoara, Teșnița, Teșna, Izvorul Alb, Doceni
Right: Bârsaniul, Prislop, Roșia, Alexeni, Negrișoara, Secu, Colăcelul, Pârâul Roșu
References
External links
rivers of Romania
rivers of Suceava County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick%20Estcourt | Nick Estcourt (1942 – 12 June 1978), educated at Eastbourne College, was a British climber killed on K2 by an avalanche on the West Ridge route. He took part in the 1970 British Annapurna South Face expedition. One of his notable achievements, with Paul ('Tut') Braithwaite was the first ascent of the Rock Band, a line of cliffs on the expedition to the South West Face of Everest in 1975 that had defeated several previous expeditions.
Since 1980, the Nick Estcourt Award, established in his memory, to encourage future generations of mountaineers, grants financial assistance annually to expeditions who attempt a significant mountaineering objective.
See also
Joe Tasker
List of deaths on eight-thousanders
Peter Boardman
Baintha Brakk, also known as The Ogre
References
External links
Biography by Chris Bonington
Nick Estcourt Award winners
1942 births
1978 deaths
Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge
Deaths in avalanches
English mountain climbers
Mountaineering deaths on K2 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape%20Verdeans%20in%20the%20Netherlands | Cape Verdeans in the Netherlands consist of migrants from Cape Verde to the Netherlands and their descendants. , figures from Statistics Netherlands showed 23,150 people of Cape Verdean origin in the Netherlands (people from Cape Verde, or those with a parent from there).
Migration history
Early migration from Cape Verde to the Netherlands began in the 1960s and 1970s. The migrants consisted primarily of young men who had signed on as sailors on Dutch ships, and as such they concentrated primarily in the port city of Rotterdam, especially the Heemraadsplein area. Prior to independence in 1975, Cape Verdean immigrants were registered as Portuguese immigrants from the overseas province of Portuguese Cape Verde. Another wave of migration began in 1975, following the independence of Cape Verde from Portugal; this new wave of migrants comprised primarily teachers, soldiers, and other lower officials of the former government. There was an immigration amnesty for Cape Verdean migrants in 1976.
From 1996 to 2010, the number of Cape Verdeans in the Netherlands recorded by Statistics Netherlands grew by roughly 25% from a base of 16,662 people; about three-quarters of the growth in that period was in the 2nd-generation category (people born in the Netherlands to one or two migrant parents from Cape Verde).
As of today, Cape Verdeans are part of the wider Portuguese-speaking community in the Netherlands, comprising around 35,000 people from PALOP countries (the overwhelming majority |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift%20theorem | In mathematics, the (exponential) shift theorem is a theorem about polynomial differential operators (D-operators) and exponential functions. It permits one to eliminate, in certain cases, the exponential from under the D-operators.
Statement
The theorem states that, if P(D) is a polynomial D-operator, then, for any sufficiently differentiable function y,
To prove the result, proceed by induction. Note that only the special case
needs to be proved, since the general result then follows by linearity of D-operators.
The result is clearly true for n = 1 since
Now suppose the result true for n = k, that is,
Then,
This completes the proof.
The shift theorem can be applied equally well to inverse operators:
Related
There is a similar version of the shift theorem for Laplace transforms ():
Examples
The exponential shift theorem can be used to speed the calculation of higher derivatives of functions that is given by the product of an exponential and another function. For instance, if , one has that
Another application of the exponential shift theorem is to solve linear differential equations whose characteristic polynomial has repeated roots.
Notes
References
Multivariable calculus
Shift theorem
Theorems in analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caretaker%20gene | Caretaker genes encode products that stabilize the genome. Fundamentally, mutations in caretaker genes lead to genomic instability. Tumor cells arise from two distinct classes of genomic instability: mutational instability arising from changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA and chromosomal instability arising from improper rearrangement of chromosomes.
Changes in the genome that allow uncontrolled cell proliferation or cell immortality are responsible for cancer. It is believed that the major changes in the genome that lead to cancer arise from mutations in tumor suppressor genes. In 1997, Kinzler and Bert Vogelstein grouped these cancer susceptibility genes into two classes: "caretakers" and "gatekeepers". In 2004, a third classification of tumor suppressor genes was proposed by Franziska Michor, Yoh Iwasa, and Martin Nowak; "landscaper" genes.
In contrast to caretaker genes, gatekeeper genes encode gene products that act to prevent growth of potential cancer cells and prevent accumulation of mutations that directly lead to increased cellular proliferation.
The third classification of genes, the landscapers, encode products that, when mutated, contribute to the neoplastic growth of cells by fostering a stromal environment conducive to unregulated cell proliferation.
Genes in context
Pathways to cancer via the caretakers
The process of DNA replication inherently places cells at risk of acquiring mutations. Thus, caretaker genes are vitally important to cellular h |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Oxalylglycine | N-Oxalylglycine is the organic compound with the formula HO2CC(O)NHCH2CO2H. This colourless solid is used as an inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate-dependent enzymes. It is isosteric with α-Ketoglutaric acid. Such enzymes are pervasive and, for example, are required for the synthesis of 4-hydroxyproline.
References
Carboxamides
Dicarboxylic acids |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantom%20quartz | Phantom quartz is a variety of quartz consisting of visible layers of overlapping crystal growths. The outline of the inner crystals can be seen due to some variation in composition or mineral inclusion making the boundary between growths visible. The interior crystal layers are known as phantoms. Phantoms can be found in many varieties of quartz.
Like regular quartz, the chemical composition of phantom quartz is silicon dioxide (SiO2).
See also
Pseudomorph
List of minerals
References
Quartz varieties |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformed%20methanol%20fuel%20cell | Reformed Methanol Fuel Cell (RMFC) or Indirect Methanol Fuel Cell (IMFC) systems are a subcategory of proton-exchange fuel cells where, the fuel, methanol (CH3OH), is reformed, before being fed into the fuel cell.
RMFC systems offer advantages over direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) systems including higher efficiency, smaller cell stacks, less requirement on methanol purity, no water management, better operation at low temperatures, and storage at sub-zero temperatures because methanol is a liquid from -97.0 °C to 64.7 °C (-142.6 °F to 148.5 °F) and as there is no liquid methanol-water mixture in the cells which can destroy the membrane of DMFC in case of frost.
The reason for the high efficiency of RMFC in contrast to DMFC is that hydrogen containing gas is fed to the fuel cell stack instead of methanol and overpotential (power loss for catalytic conversion) on anode is much lower for hydrogen than for methanol. The tradeoff is that RMFC systems operate at hotter temperatures and therefore need more advanced heat management and insulation. The waste products with these types of fuel cells are carbon dioxide and water.
Methanol is used as a fuel because it is naturally hydrogen dense (a hydrogen carrier) and can be steam reformed into hydrogen at low temperatures compared to other hydrocarbon fuels. Additionally, methanol is naturally occurring, biodegradable, and energy dense.
RMFC systems consist of a fuel processing system (FPS), a fuel cell, a fuel cartridge, and the B |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane%20computing | Membrane computing (or MC) is an area within computer science that seeks to discover new computational models from the study of biological cells, particularly of the cellular membranes. It is a sub-task of creating a cellular model.
Membrane computing deals with distributed and parallel computing models, processing multisets of symbol objects in a localized manner. Thus, evolution rules allow for evolving objects to be encapsulated into compartments defined by membranes. The communications between compartments and with the environment play an essential role in the processes. The various types of membrane systems are known as P systems after Gheorghe Păun who first conceived the model in 1998.
An essential ingredient of a P system is its membrane structure, which can be a hierarchical arrangement of membranes, as in a cell, or a net of membranes (placed in the nodes of a graph), as in a tissue or a neural net. P systems are often depicted graphically with drawings.
The intuition behind the notion of a membrane is a three-dimensional vesicle from biology. However the concept itself is more general, and a membrane is seen as a separator of two regions. The membrane provides for selective communication between the two regions. As per Gheorghe Păun, the separation is of the Euclidean space into a finite “inside” and an infinite “outside”. The selective communication is where the computing comes in.
Graphical representations may have numerous elements, according to the vari |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheorghe%20P%C4%83un | Gheorghe Păun (; born December 6, 1950, in Cicănești, Argeș County) is a computer scientist from Romania, prominent for work on membrane computing and the P system.
Păun studied mathematics at the University of Bucharest, obtaining an MSc. in 1974 and a PhD in 1977 under the direction of Solomon Marcus. He has been a researcher at the Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy since 1990. Păun was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 2006, and a titular member of the Romanian Academy in 2012. He supervised the PhD thesis of 5 students. In 2016, he was awarded the title of Doctor Honoris Causa Scientiarum.
References
External links
Gheorghe Paun's webpage
Theoretical computer scientists
Romanian bioinformaticians
1950 births
Living people
Members of Academia Europaea
Titular members of the Romanian Academy
University of Bucharest alumni
People from Argeș County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allactaginae | Allactaginae is a subfamily of rodents.
Classification
Subfamily Allactaginae
Genus Allactaga
Subgenus Allactaga
Iranian jerboa, Allactaga firouzi
Hotson's jerboa, Allactaga hotsoni
Great jerboa, Allactaga major
Severtzov's jerboa, Allactaga severtzovi
Subgenus Orientallactaga
Balikun jerboa, Allactaga balikunica
Gobi jerboa, Allactaga bullata
Mongolian five-toed jerboa, Allactaga sibirica
Genus Allactodipus
Bobrinski's jerboa, Allactodipus bobrinskii
Genus Pygeretmus, fat-tailed jerboas
Lesser fat-tailed jerboa, Pygeretmus platyurus
Dwarf fat-tailed jerboa, Pygeretmus pumilio
Greater fat-tailed jerboa, Pygeretmus shitkovi
Genus Scarturus
Small five-toed jerboa, Scarturus elater
Euphrates jerboa, Scarturus euphratica
Four-toed jerboa, Scarturus tetradactyla
Vinogradov's jerboa, Scarturus vinogradovi
Williams' jerboa, Scarturus williamsi
The cladogram below is based on a 2022 phylogenetic study of the nuclear genes by Lebedev et al.
References
Dipodidae
Mammal subfamilies |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percoidea | Percoidea is a superfamily of fish of the order Perciformes. The superfamily includes about 3,374 species.
Classification
The Percoidea are classified in the 5th Edition of the Fishes of the World as follows:
Percoidea
Centropomidae (Snooks)
Latidae (Lates)
Gerreidae (Mojarras)
Centrogenyidae (False scorpionfishes)
Perciliidae (Southern basses)
Howellidae (Oceanic basslets)
Acropomatidae (Lanternbellies)
Epigonidae (Deepwater cardinalfishes)
Polyprionidae (Wreckfishes)
Lateolabracidae (Asian seaperches)
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Glaucosomatidae (Pearl perches)
Pempheridae (Sweepers)
Oplegnathidae (Knifejaws)
Kuhliidae (Flagtails)
Leptobramidae (Beachsalmon)
Bathyclupeidae (Bathyclupeids)
Polynemidae (Threadfins)
Toxotidae (Archerfishes)
Arripidae (Australasian salmon (kahawai))
Dichistiidae (Galjoen fishes)
Kyphosidae (Sea chubs)
Terapontidae (grunters or tigerperches)
Percichthyidae (temperate perches)
Sinipercidae (Chinese perches)
Enoplosidae (Oldwives)
Pentacerotidae (Armourheads)
Dinopercidae (Cavebasses)
Banjosiidae (Banjofishes)
Centrarchidae (Sunfishes)
Serranidae (Sea basses)
Percidae (Perches)
Lactariidae (False trevallies)
Dinolestidae (Long-finned pikes)
Scombropidae (Gnomefishes)
Pomatomidae (Bluefishes)
Bramidae (Pomfrets)
Caristiidae (Manefishes)
References
Vertebrate superfamilies
Percoidei |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolliinae | Carolliinae is a subfamily of bats.
Classification
Subfamily Carolliinae
Genus: Carollia - Short-tailed Leaf-nosed Bats
Benkeith's short-tailed Bat, Carollia benkeithi
Silky Short-tailed Bat, Carollia brevicauda
Chestnut Short-tailed Bat, Carollia castanea
Colombian Short-tailed Bat, Carollia colombiana
Manu short-tailed Bat, Carollia manu
Carollia monohernandezi
Seba's Short-tailed Bat, Carollia perspicillata
Sowell's Short-tailed Bat, Carollia sowelli
Gray Short-tailed Bat, Carollia subrufa
Genus: Rhinophylla
Hairy Little Fruit Bat, Rhinophylla alethina
Fischer's Little Fruit Bat, Rhinophylla fischerae
Dwarf Little Fruit Bat, Rhinophylla pumilio
References
Phyllostomidae
Mammal subfamilies
Taxa named by Gerrit Smith Miller Jr. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20State | Virtual State is Richard H. Kirk's first solo album for Warp Records.
Track listing
"November X Ray Mexico" - 8:33
"Frequency Band" - 6:26
"Come" - 8:02
"Freezone" - 6:52
"Clandestine Transmission" - 6:36
"The Feeling (Of Warmth and Beauty)" - 6:08
"Velodrome" - 6:56
"Soul Catcher" - 7:08
"Worldwar Three" - 5:52
"Lagoon West" - 12:00
Personnel
Richard H. Kirk - all instruments
1993 albums
Richard H. Kirk albums
Warp (record label) albums |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea%20Villarreal | Andrea Villarreal (1881–1963) was a Mexican revolutionary, journalist and feminist. She was most known for her work with the Regeneración newspaper and La Mujer Moderna.
Biography
Andrea was born in January 1881 in Lampazos, Nuevo León , Mexico into a progressive family. Her father, Próspero Villarreal Zuazua, was mayor of the town Lampazos in 1876, and spearheaded the Lampazos Workers Union in 1887. Andrea and her four siblings Antonio Irineo, Teresa, Próspero and Alfonso were exposed early on to the social issues in their town. This led to the development of their own politically active lifestyles. Andrea gave her vocal support to the anarchist and communist Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM) opposing the dictatorship of President Porfirio Díaz (1876–1911), during the Mexican Revolution of 1910–1917. The political circumstances in Mexico forced her family to flee to the United States.
The family’s exile from the country did not spare them from the dictator's repression. Diaz continued to pursue Antonio along with other PLM revolutionist leaders that had fled to the US. In 1907, Antonio, Librado Ricardo, and Ricardo Flores Magon were captured and held in the Los Angeles, California jail for 18 months. During this time Andrea and her sister Teresa continued to act as supporters for the movement.
Revolutionary work
The revolution was a gateway for women to write and edit their own works. Andrea along with other women such as Blanca Moncaleano, Teresa Arteaga, and Maria Ta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pubmeth | PubMeth is a database that contains information about DNA hypermethylation in cancer. It can be queried either by searching a list of genes, or cancer (sub)types.
It was created at the lab for bioinformatics and computational genomics in the Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering at Ghent University, Belgium.
It was published in Nucleic Acids Research
References
External links
Official website
Medical databases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A5l%20Nyr%C3%A9n | Pål Nyrén (born 1955) is a biochemistry professor at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm. He is most famous for developing the pyrosequencing method for DNA sequencing.
Career
1999 Professor in Biochemistry, KTH, Stockholm
1997 Founder of the company Biotage AB (former Pyrosequencing AB)
1988 Associate professor (Docent) Biochemistry, University of Stockholm
1985-86 Postdoc at LMB, MRC, Cambridge, G.B. with prof John Walker
1985 PhD (Tekn. Doktor) Biochemistry, University of Stockholm (Thesis title: "The proton pumping pyrophosphatase from Rhodospirillum rubrum")
1981 MSc (Civ. ing.) Chemical Engineering, KTH, Stockholm
Recognition
2013 winner of the European Inventor Award in the SMEs category awarded by the European Patent Office
References
1955 births
Living people
Swedish chemists
Academic staff of the KTH Royal Institute of Technology
KTH Royal Institute of Technology alumni
Stockholm University alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossie%20Parry | Oswald Parry (16 August 1908 – 1991) was a Welsh professional footballer. During his career he made over 100 appearances for Ipswich Town and 150 appearances (142 league matches) for Crystal Palace.
References
External links
Ossie Parry at Pride of Anglia
Parry at holmesdale.net
1908 births
1991 deaths
Men's association football defenders
Welsh men's footballers
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Ipswich Town F.C. players
Wimbledon F.C. players
Chelmsford City F.C. wartime guest players |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic%20rheometer | An acoustic rheometer is a device used to measure the rheological properties of fluids, such as viscosity and elasticity, by utilizing sound waves. It works by generating acoustic waves in the fluid and analyzing the changes in the wave propagation caused by the fluid's rheological behavior. An acoustic rheometer uses a piezo-electric crystal to generate the acoustic waves, applying an oscillating extensional stress to the system. System response can be interpreted in terms of extensional rheology.
This interpretation is based on a link between shear rheology, extensional rheology and acoustics. Relationship between these scientific disciplines was described in details by Litovitz and Davis in 1964.
It is well known that properties of viscoelastic fluid are characterised in shear rheology with a shear modulus G, which links shear stress Tij and shear strain Sij
There is similar linear relationship in extensional rheology between extensional stress P, extensional strain S and extensional modulus K:
Detail theoretical analysis indicates that propagation of sound or ultrasound through a viscoelastic fluid depends on both shear modulus G and extensional modulus K,. It is convenient to introduce a combined longitudinal modulus M:
There are simple equations that express longitudinal modulus in terms of acoustic properties, sound speed V and attenuation α
Acoustic rheometer measures sound speed and attenuation of ultrasound for a set of frequencies in the megahertz range. T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilarvirus | Ilarvirus is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family Bromoviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 22 species in this genus.
Structure
Viruses in the genus Ilarvirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and quasi-spherical geometries, and T=3 symmetry. The diameter is around 29 nm. Genomes are linear and have three segments.
Life cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic and lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive-strand RNA virus replication model in the cytoplasm. Positive strand RNA virus transcription, using the internal initiation model of subgenomic RNA transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are mechanical inoculation by insects and plant to plant contact.
Taxonomy
The following species are assigned to the genus:
Ageratum latent virus
American plum line pattern virus
Apple mosaic virus
Asparagus virus 2
Blackberry chlorotic ringspot virus
Blueberry shock virus
Citrus leaf rugose virus
Citrus variegation virus
Elm mottle virus
Fragaria chiloensis latent virus
Humulus japonicus latent virus
Lilac leaf chlorosis virus
Lilac ring mottle virus
Parietaria mottle virus
Privet ringspot virus
Prune dwarf virus
Prunus necrotic ringspot virus
Spinach latent virus
Strawberry necrotic shock virus
Tobacco streak virus
Tomato necrotic streak viru |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group%20development | The goal of most research on group development is to learn why and how small groups change over time. To quality of the output produced by a group, the type and frequency of its activities, its cohesiveness, the existence of group conflict.
A number of theoretical models have been developed to explain how certain groups change over time. Listed below are some of the most common models. In some cases, the type of group being considered influenced the model of group development proposed as in the case of therapy groups. In general, some of these models view group change as regular movement through a series of "stages", while others view them as "phases" that groups may or may not go through and which might occur at different points of a group's history. Attention to group development over time has been one of the differentiating factors between the study of ad hoc groups and the study of teams such as those commonly used in the workplace, the military, sports and many other contexts.
Theories and models
In the early seventies, Hill and Grunner reported that more than 100 theories of group development existed. Since then, other theories have emerged as well as attempts at contrasting and synthesizing them. As a result, a number of typologies of group change theories have been proposed. A typology advanced by George Smith (2001) based on the work of Mennecke and his colleagues (1992) classifies theories based on whether they perceive change to occur in a linear fashion, thr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marta%20Etura | Marta Etura Palenzuela (born in 28 October, 1978) is a Spanish film and television actress. She is known for Your Next Life (2004), Cell 211 (2009), Sleep Tight (2011), and The Invisible Guardian (2017).
Biography
Etura was born in 1978 in San Sebastián, where she studied at the French Lyceum. Willing to develop a career as an actress, she moved to Madrid and graduated from the acting school of Cristina Rota. She had her feature film debut as an actress in 2001 film No Shame.
Filmography
Film
Television
2016: La sonata del silencio
2013: Águila Roja
2006: Vientos de agua
2003: La vida de Rita
2000: Raquel busca su sitio
Theatre
2012: Antígona
2008: Hamlet
2007: Despertares y celebraciones
Accolades
Shooting Stars Award 2006 by European Film Promotion
Goya Awards
References
External links
1978 births
Actresses from the Basque Country (autonomous community)
Living people
People from San Sebastián
Spanish film actresses
21st-century Spanish actresses |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krener%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Krener's theorem is a result attributed to Arthur J. Krener in geometric control theory about the topological properties of attainable sets of finite-dimensional control systems. It states that any attainable set of a bracket-generating system has nonempty interior or, equivalently, that any attainable set has nonempty interior in the topology of the corresponding orbit. Heuristically, Krener's theorem prohibits attainable sets from being hairy.
Theorem
Let
be a smooth control system, where
belongs to a finite-dimensional manifold and belongs to a control set . Consider the family of vector fields .
Let be the Lie algebra generated by with respect to the Lie bracket of vector fields.
Given , if the vector space is equal to ,
then belongs to the closure of the interior of the attainable set from .
Remarks and consequences
Even if is different from ,
the attainable set from has nonempty interior in the orbit topology,
as it follows from Krener's theorem applied to the control system restricted to the orbit through .
When all the vector fields in are analytic, if and only if belongs to the closure of the interior of the attainable set from . This is a consequence of Krener's theorem and of the orbit theorem.
As a corollary of Krener's theorem one can prove that if the system is bracket-generating and if the attainable set from is dense in , then the attainable set from
is actually equal to .
References
Control theory
Theorems in dyna |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogjani | Vogjani (, also transliterated ) is a small village situated in North Macedonia. It lies at the end of a cluster of villages including Bela Crkva and Krušeani. The river Crna runs alongside the village. Its position makes it the final village in its part of the Municipality of Krivogaštani (within the Pelagonia statistical region), with bordering Bučin further down the Crna being in the neighbouring Kruševo Municipality. The settlement has an absolute Macedonian majority.
The village has a post office and has a rail link with the municipality (opština) of Demir Hisar. The rail link continues to the village of Sopotnica and was constructed in late 1950. The line was a link between the upper Demir Hisar region and the Bakarno Gumno exchange, which was then included within the rest of the wider rail network.
Demographics
Vogjani appears in the 1467-68 Ottoman defter. The registered inhabitants displayed Slavic anthroponymy alongside mixed Slavic-Albanian anthroponymy, with instances of individuals bearing both Slavic and Albanian names. The names are: Niko son of Gjergj, Niko Kalogjer, Nikola son of Pronko, Niko son of Pronko, (different individual), Tano son of Kojçin, Dimitri son of Gropça, Stajko son of Dança, Jani son of Kukurec, Mino son of Baldo (Baldus), Drala son of Boja..
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 454 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
Macedonians 452
Serbs 1
Others 1
References
Villages in Krivogaštani Municipality |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junivan | Junivan Soares de Melo (born 20 November 1977), known as just Junivan, is a retired Brazilian footballer.
Career statistics
References
External links
Brazilian FA Database
1977 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
OFC Belasitsa Petrich players
PFC Lokomotiv Plovdiv players
Kayseri Erciyesspor footballers
Turan Tovuz players
Expatriate men's footballers in Bulgaria
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Expatriate men's footballers in Azerbaijan
Men's association football forwards
Sportspeople from Amazonas (Brazilian state)
Azerbaijan Premier League players
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Süper Lig players |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct%20method | Direct method may refer to
Direct method (education) for learning a foreign language
Direct method (computational mathematics) as opposed to iterative method
Direct methods (crystallography) for estimating the phases of the Fourier transform of the scattering density from the corresponding magnitudes
Direct method in calculus of variations for constructing a proof of the existence of a minimizer for a given functional
Direct method (accounting) as opposed to indirect method for calculating cash flows |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazzite | Bazzite is a beryllium scandium cyclosilicate mineral with chemical formula ( or ). It crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system typically as small blue hexagonal crystals up to 2 cm length. It has a Mohs hardness of 6.5-7 and a specific gravity of 2.77 to 2.85.
It is hard to distinguish from blue beryl.
Occurs in miarolitic cavities in granite, in alpine veins and in scandium bearing granitic pegmatites. It occurs associated with quartz, orthoclase, muscovite, laumontite, albite, hematite, calcite, chlorite, fluorite, beryl and bavenite.
It was first described from an occurrence in Baveno, Italy. Named after the discoverer, the Italian engineer Alessandro E. Bazzi.
References
Cyclosilicates |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9gie%20du%20cin%C3%A9ma%20%28Quebec%29 | The Régie du cinéma was a provincial film classification organization responsible for the motion picture rating system within the Canadian province of Quebec. Existing in several guises since the start of the 20th century, the organization came into being in its final form as a department of the Government of Quebec's Ministry of Culture and Communications (MCC) on 23 June 1983. Its roles were merged and fully integrated into the MCC on 1 April 2017. Its mandate was to classify and approve films for distribution to Quebec's movie theatres and home video outlets. Its purview devolved from the Cinema Act (RSQ, C-18.1). As of 2010, the organization had a net income of 7 million dollars and had accumulated more than 85 million dollars in cash in their bank account.
Rating system
The Régie du cinéma rates all films and videos. The same classifications are used for television broadcasts, who make their own determinations as to a program's rating.
The current ratings are:
Each rating can also include one or a number of complementary indications. The possible combinations are as follows:
G rated films usually can have some swearing in them, as long as the offensive language is not prevalent throughout. Violence can also be permitted, but only in a fantasy context. Sex can be present as long as it is filmed with extreme maintenance. Horror elements can be present, but have to be filmed in a way that would not scare children under 13 years of age. In cases where objectionable mater |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20machine%20translation%20applications | Machine translation is an algorithm which attempts to translate text or speech from one natural language to another.
General information
Basic general information for popular machine translation applications.
Languages features comparison
The following table compares the number of languages which the following machine translation programs can translate between.
(Moses and Moses for Mere Mortals allow you to train translation models for any language pair, though collections of translated texts (parallel corpus) need to be provided by the user. The Moses site provides links to training corpora.)
This is not an all-encompassing list. Some applications have many more language pairs than those listed below. This is a general comparison of key languages only. A full and accurate list of language pairs supported by each product should be found on each of the product's websites.
See also
Machine translation
Machine translation software usability
Computer-assisted translation
Comparison of computer-assisted translation tools
External links
Apertium wiki (list of language pairs and licence information)
Xerox Easy Translator Service (list of language pairs)
Bing Translator Language List
Haitian Creole support in Bing/Microsoft Translator
Microsoft Research: Syntactically Informed Phrasal SMT
List of supported languages in Google Translate
References
Evaluation of machine translation
Natural language processing software
Machine translation applications |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Rain | Crystal Rain (2006) is the debut novel of Caribbean writer Tobias S. Buckell. Buckell calls it his "Caribbean steampunk novel". Although Crystal Rain is a stand-alone novel, Buckell's books Ragamuffin (2007) and Sly Mongoose (2008) are set in the same universe with some recurring characters.
The book was the third runner up for the Locus Award for Best First Novel 2007 awards.
The book has received several reviews.
The novel is set on Nanagadahoodababa, a planet far from Earth.
References
External links
Crystal Rain at Tobias Buckell website.
2006 American novels
2006 science fiction novels
Novels by Tobias S. Buckell
American science fiction novels
Debut science fiction novels
Caribbean in fiction
American steampunk novels
Tor Books books
2006 debut novels |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jump-and-Walk%20algorithm | Jump-and-Walk is an algorithm for point location in triangulations (though most of the theoretical analysis were performed in 2D and 3D random Delaunay triangulations). Surprisingly, the algorithm does not need any preprocessing or complex data structures except some simple representation of the triangulation itself. The predecessor of Jump-and-Walk was due to Lawson (1977) and Green and Sibson (1978), which picks a random starting point S and then walks from S toward the query point Q one triangle at a time. But no theoretical analysis was known for these predecessors until after mid-1990s.
Jump-and-Walk picks a small group of sample points and starts the walk from the sample point which is the closest to Q until the simplex containing Q is found. The algorithm was a folklore in practice for some time, and the formal presentation of the algorithm and the analysis of its performance on 2D random Delaunay triangulation was done by Devroye, Mucke and Zhu in mid-1990s (the paper appeared in Algorithmica, 1998). The analysis on 3D random Delaunay triangulation was done by Mucke, Saias and Zhu (ACM Symposium of Computational Geometry, 1996). In both cases, a boundary condition was assumed, namely, Q must be slightly away from the boundary of the convex domain where the vertices of the random Delaunay triangulation are drawn. In 2004, Devroye, Lemaire and Moreau showed that in 2D the boundary condition can be withdrawn (the paper appeared in Computational Geometry: Theory and Appl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smyrna%20Township%2C%20Jefferson%20County%2C%20Indiana | Smyrna Township is one of ten townships in Jefferson County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,096 and it contained 466 housing units.
Created on June 16, 1847 by the Jefferson County Commissioners, Smyrna was the last of Jefferson County's 10 townships to be formed. It is largely rural with only small unincorporated areas as population centers.
No post offices operate in the township.
The following post offices once operated in the township: Creswell (May 29, 1856-Nov. 30, 1892) and (June 6, 1893-Sept. 13, 1902); Volga (May 29, 1856 – July 14, 1904); Wakefield (July 8, 1899-Feb. 15, 1905). 6.
Geography
According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 99.92%) is land and (or 0.08%) is water. The streams of Goose Creek, Harberts Creek and Hensley Creek run through this township.
Unincorporated towns
Midway
Neavill Grove
Smyrna
Volga
Wakefield
Adjacent townships
Lancaster Township (north)
Monroe Township (northeast)
Madison Township (east)
Republican Township (southwest)
Graham Township (west)
Cemeteries
The township contains the following cemeteries: Brown (Sauer farm) Ford, Hopewell, Kinnear, Lawler (1) and Lawler (2), Lowe, McKay-Stites, Neavill, Shiloh, and Smyrna Presbyterian.
Major highways
Indiana State Road 7
References
U.S. Board on Geographic Names (GNIS)
United States Census Bureau cartographic boundary files
Baker, J. David, The Postal History of Indiana, 1976, Philatelic Biblio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose%20Consort%20of%20Viols | The Rose Consort of Viols is an English ensemble of viol players who perform mainly early consort music, including works by Orlando Gibbons, John Dowland, and Henry Purcell.
They have performed around the world at many events, have appeared a number of times for the BBC, and have made a number of recordings, several of which have been made in collaboration with Red Byrd, a vocal group from Hyperion Records.
The name was taken from a famous family of viol makers.
Discography
Elizabethan Christmas Anthems (with Red Byrd) (Saydisc, 1990)
Born is the Babe: Renaissance Music for Christmas (Woodmansterne, 1990)
Dowland: Lachrimae (Saydisc, 1992)
Ah, Dear Heart (Woodmansterne, 1993)
Jenkins: All in a Garden Green (Naxos, 1993)
William Byrd: Consort and Keyboard Music, Songs and Anthems (with Red Byrd) (Naxos, 1994)
Thomas Tomkins: Consort Music for Viol and Voices; Keyboard Music (Naxos, 1995)
William Lawes: Consort Music for Viols, Lutes and Theorboes (Naxos, 1996)
Orlando Gibbons: Consort and Keyboard Music, Songs and Anthems (with Red Byrd) (Naxos, 1997)
John Dowland: Consort Music and Songs (Naxos, 1997)
Henry Purcell: Complete Fantazias and In Nomines (Naxos, 1997)
Alfonso Ferrabosco: Consort Music (CPO, 1997)
John Ward: Upon a Bank of Roses, Consort Music (CPO, 1998)
Elizabethan Consort Music and Dramatic Songs (Naxos, 1999)
Four Gentlemen of the Chapel Royal (Deux-Elles, 2008)
Loquebantur: Music from the Baldwin Partbooks with the Marian Consort (Delphian, 2010)
An Emerald |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KASP | KASP may refer to:
KASP-LP, a radio station (107.9 FM) licensed to Aspen, Colorado, United States
King Abdullah Science Park
Kompetitive allele specific PCR, a DNA profiling technique
Krašto apsaugos savanorių pajėgos (KASP), Lithuanian National Defence Volunteer Forces |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Tortricidae%20genera | This is a taxonomy of the moth family Tortricidae down to genus level. This classification is up-to-date to 2008, taking information from the Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae and taxonomic changes made in 2007.
Subfamily Tortricinae
Tribe Archipini
Abrepagoge
Acroceuthes
Acropolitis
Adoxophyes
Allodemis
Ancyroclepsis
Aneuxanthis
Anisotenes
Anthophrys
Antiphrastis
Aphelia
Aphthonocosma
Archepandemis
Archidemis
Archips
Argyrotaenia
Aristocosma
Arizelana
Ascerodes
Asteriognatha
Atelodora
Authomaema
Avaria
Bactrostoma
Balioxena
Battalia
Borboniella
Borneogena
Brachyvalva
Cacoecimorpha
Callibryastis
Capua
Carphomigma
Catamacta
Ceramea
Ceritaenia
Chionothremma
Chiraps
Choanograptis
Choristoneura
Claduncaria
Clepsis
Coeloptera
Cornuclepsis
Cornusaccula
Cosmiophrys
Cryptomelaena
Cryptoptila
Ctenopseustis
Cudonigera
Cununcus
Cuspidata
Daemilus
Dentisociaria
Diactora
Dicanticinta
Dicellitis
Dichelia
Dichelopa
Diedra
Digitosa
Diplocalyptis
Ditula
Droceta
Durangarchips
Dynatocephala
Ecclitica
Egogepa
Electraglaia
Epagoge
Epalxiphora
Epichorista
Epichoristodes
Epiphyas
Ericodesma
Eurythecta
Exorstaenia
Furcataenia
Furcinula
Gelophaula
Geogepa
Gephyraspis
Glyphidoptera
Gnorismoneura
Gongylotypa
Goniotorna
Harmologa
Hectaphelia
Heterochorista
Hiceteria
Homona
Homonoides
Homonopsis
Hypsidracon
Idolatteria
Isochorista
Isodemis
Isotenes
Labidosa
Leontochroma
Leptochroptila
Leucoten |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragamuffin%20%28novel%29 | Ragamuffin is the second novel by Caribbean science fiction writer Tobias S. Buckell. It is the sequel to his first novel, Crystal Rain.
Buckell labeled Ragamuffin a "Caribbean space opera", with his previous novel being called "Caribbean steampunk". It is followed by his third novel, Sly Mongoose.
Ragamuffin was nominated for the 2007 Nebula Award for Best Novel and was a finalist for the 2008 Prometheus Award.
References
External links
Macmillan.com
2007 American novels
American science fiction novels
Novels by Tobias S. Buckell
Caribbean in fiction
Tor Books books |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop-mediated%20isothermal%20amplification | Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a single-tube technique for the amplification of DNA and a low-cost alternative to detect certain diseases. Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) combines LAMP with a reverse transcription step to allow the detection of RNA.
LAMP is an isothermal nucleic acid amplification technique. In contrast to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, in which the reaction is carried out with a series of alternating temperature steps or cycles, isothermal amplification is carried out at a constant temperature, and does not require a thermal cycler.
Technique
In LAMP, the target sequence is amplified at a constant temperature of 60–65 °C (140-149 °F) using either two or three sets of primers and a polymerase with high strand displacement activity in addition to a replication activity. Typically, 4 different primers are used to amplify 6 distinct regions on the target gene, which increases specificity. An additional pair of "loop primers" can further accelerate the reaction.
The amount of DNA produced in LAMP is considerably higher than PCR-based amplification. Primer design could be performed using several programs, such as PrimerExplorer, MorphoCatcher, and NEB LAMP Primer Design Tool. For screening of conservative and species-specific nucleotide polymorphisms in the most of diagnostics applications a combination of PrimerExplorer and MorphoCatcher is very useful, because allows to localize the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20trees%20of%20the%20Andaman%20Islands | The Andaman Islands fall within the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. While endemism estimated to be a modest 17%, the islands share about 65% of its tree species with south-west Myanmar. Early explorers like Wilhelm Sulpiz Kurz documented the flora of the region, and Charles Edward Parkinson published a Flora of the Andaman Islands with important tree species of the region. Since then, a number of tree species have been described. A comprehensive checklist of flora of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands has been published by the Botanical Survey of India - a 3-volume flora is currently under preparation of which the first volume was published in 2008.
List of species
This checklist includes trees and other flora listed in Parkinson (1923). It includes most native tree species and some exotic trees species.
References
Andaman Islands
Andaman and Nicobar Islands |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20molecular%20flow | Free molecular flow describes the fluid dynamics of gas where the mean free path of the molecules is larger than the size of the chamber or of the object under test. For tubes/objects of the size of several cm, this means pressures well below 10−3 mbar. This is also called the regime of high vacuum, or even ultra-high vacuum. This is opposed to viscous flow encountered at higher pressures. The presence of free molecular flow can be calculated, at least in estimation, with the Knudsen number (Kn). If Kn > 10, the system is in free molecular flow, also known as Knudsen flow.
In free molecular flow, the pressure of the remaining gas can be considered as effectively zero. Thus, boiling points do not depend on the residual pressure. The flow can be considered to be individual particles moving in straight lines. Practically, the "vapor" cannot move around bends or into other spaces behind obstacles, as they simply hit the tube wall. This implies conventional pumps cannot be used, as they rely on viscous flow and fluid pressure. Instead, special sorption pumps, ion pumps and momentum transfer pumps i.e. turbomolecular pumps are used.
Free molecular flow occurs in various processes such as molecular distillation, ultra-high vacuum equipment such as particle accelerators, and naturally in outer space.
The definition of a free molecular flow depends on the distance scale under consideration. For example, in the interplanetary medium, the plasma is in a free molecular flow regime in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung%20SPH-M100 | Samsung SPH-M100 (UpRoar) launched in 2000 was the first cell phone to have MP3 music capabilities. The phone was named one of the All-TIME 100 greatest and most influential gadgets from 1923 to 2010 by Peter Ha in Time.
References
External links
GSM History - reference site for history of first GSM mobiles
Samsung website product details
M100
Mobile phones introduced in 2000 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographic%20gravitation | Demographic gravitation is a concept of "social physics", introduced by Princeton University astrophysicist John Quincy Stewart in 1947. It is an attempt to use equations and notions of classical physics, such as gravity, to seek simplified insights and even laws of demographic behaviour for large numbers of human beings. A basic conception within it is that large numbers of people, in a city for example, actually behave as an attractive force for other people to migrate there. It has been related to W. J. Reilly's law of retail gravitation, George Kingsley Zipf's Demographic Energy, and to the theory of trip distribution through gravity models.
Writing in the journal Sociometry, Stewart set out an "agenda for social physics." Comparing the microscopic versus macroscopic viewpoints in the methodology of formulating physical laws, he made an analogy with the social sciences:
Fortunately for physics, the macroscopic approach was the commonsense one, and the early investigators Boyle, Charles, Gay-Lussac were able to establish the laws of gases. The situation with respect to "social physics" is reversed...
If Robert Boyle had taken the attitude of many social scientists, he would not have been willing to measure the pressure and volume of a sample of air until an encyclopedic history of its molecules had been compiled. Boyle did not even know that air contained argon and helium but he found a very important law.
Stewart proceeded to apply Newtonian formulae of gravitation t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20G.%20Enting | Ian Enting (born 25 September 1948) is a mathematical physicist and the AMSI/MASCOS Professorial Fellow at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematics and Statistics of Complex Systems (MASCOS) based at The University of Melbourne.
Enting is the author of Twisted, The Distorted Mathematics of Greenhouse Denial in which he analyses the presentation and use of data by climate change deniers.
More recently he has been addressing the claims made in Ian Plimer's book Heaven and Earth. He has published a critique, "Ian Plimer’s ‘Heaven + Earth’ — Checking the Claims", listing what Enting claims are numerous misrepresentations of the sources cited in the book.
From 1980 to 2004 he worked in CSIRO Atmospheric Research, primarily on modelling the global carbon cycle.
He was one of the lead authors of the chapter and the Carbon Cycle in the 1994 IPCC report on Radiative Forcing of Climate.
Enting has published scientific papers, on mathematical physics and carbon cycle modelling, and a monograph on mathematical techniques for interpreting observations of carbon dioxide () and other trace gases.
References
External links
Ian Enting's homepage
1948 births
Living people
Australian climatologists
20th-century Australian mathematicians
21st-century Australian mathematicians
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change lead authors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critter | Critter may refer to:
Critter (chess), a Slovak chess engine
Critters (cellular automaton)
Critters (comics), an anthology comic book published by Fantagraphics Books
Critters (film series)
Critters (film), the first film in the series
Fearsome critters, legendary monsters said to live in North America
The Critters, an American pop group
The mascot and call sign of ValuJet Airlines
A fan of the popular Dungeons and Dragons series Critical Role
"The Critter", a Chinese pangolin
See also
Little Critter, a series of children's books by Mercer Mayer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoetin%20beta | Epoetin beta (INN), sold under the brand name Neorecormon among others, is a synthetic, recombinant form of erythropoietin, a protein that promotes the production of red blood cells. It is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) that is used to treat anemia, commonly associated with chronic kidney failure and cancer chemotherapy.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Chemistry
Epoetin beta is a recombinant form of human erythropoietin which is produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells. It has the same protein sequence as natural human erythropoietin, being composed of 165 amino acids with about 30 KDa molecular weight.
History
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced in the kidneys. The existence of this hormone has been known since 1906, when scientists first started isolating it, and since the 1980s, a recombinant version of the hormone has been available for use in medical treatment.
See also
Epoetin alfa
Epoetin theta
References
Further reading
External links
Antianemic preparations
Growth factors
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
Hoffmann-La Roche brands |
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