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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L39
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L39 or L-39 may refer to:
60S ribosomal protein L39
Aero L-39 Albatros, a Czechoslovak jet trainer
Bell L-39, an American experimental aircraft
, a destroyer of the Royal Navy
, a sloop of the Royal Navy
Lahti L-39, an anti-tank rifle
Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L39
Ramona Airport, in San Diego County, California
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urocortin
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Urocortin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UCN gene. Urocortin belongs to the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of proteins which includes CRF, urotensin I, sauvagine, urocortin II and urocortin III. Urocortin is involved in the mammalian stress response, and regulates aspects of appetite and stress response.
Structure, localization, and interactions
Urocortin is a peptide composed of 40 amino acids. Urocortin is composed of a single alpha helix structure. The human UCN gene contains two exons, and the entirety of the coding region is contained within the second exon. Urocortin is expressed widely in the central and peripheral nervous systems, with a pattern similar to that of CRF. Areas of similarity between urocortin and CRF expression include the supraoptic nucleus and the hippocampus. Urocortin is also expressed in areas distinct from CRF expression; these areas notably include the median eminence, the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, and the sphenoid nucleus. Additionally, Urocortin is expressed in peripheral tissues such as the heart.
Urocortin is known to interact both with the CRF type 1 and CRF type 2 receptors. Furthermore, Urocortin is thought to be the primary ligand for the CRF type 2 receptor, as it has higher binding affinity for the CRF type 2 receptor than CRF. Additionally, urocortin interacts with CRF Binding Protein in the mammalian brain.
Stress response and social behavior
Urocortin is closely related to CRF, which mediates the mamma
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kojic%20acid
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Kojic acid is an organic compound with the formula . It is a derivative of 4-pyrone that functions in nature as a chelation agent produced by several species of fungi, especially Aspergillus oryzae, which has the Japanese common name koji. Kojic acid is a by-product in the fermentation process of malting rice, for use in the manufacturing of sake, the Japanese rice wine. It is a mild inhibitor of the formation of pigment in plant and animal tissues, and is used in food and cosmetics to preserve or change colors of substances. It forms a bright red complex with ferric ions.
Biosynthesis
13C-Labeling studies have revealed at least two pathways to kojic acid. In the usual route, dehydratase enzymes convert glucose to kojic acid. Pentoses are also viable precursors in which case dihydroxyacetone is invoked as an intermediate.
Applications
Kojic acid may be used on cut fruits to prevent oxidative browning, in seafood to preserve pink and red colors, and in cosmetics to lighten skin. As an example of the latter, it is used to treat skin diseases like melasma. Kojic acid also has antibacterial and antifungal properties.
The cocrystals of kojic acid with quercetin were found to have two times better cytotoxic activity to human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and human colon cancer cells (Caco-2) in comparison with quercetin itself.
Other effects
Kojic acid has been shown to protect Chinese hamster ovary cells against ionizing radiation-induced damage. When exposed to a lethal dos
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conduritol
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Conduritol or 1,2,3,4-cyclohexenetetrol is any of the organic compounds with chemical formula C6H10O4, that can be seen as derivatives of cyclohexene with four hydroxyl groups (OH) replacing hydrogen atoms on the four carbon atoms not adjacent to the double bond. They are therefore cyclic polyols or cyclitols.
The compounds in this group exhibit cis–trans isomerism, with six isomers that differ by the relative positions of the hydroxyls compared to the mean plane of the ring. In addition, some of these can exist as two distinct enantiomers.
Only the A and B isomers have been found in nature. The first conduritol was isolated in 1908 by K. Kübler from the bark of the vine Marsdenia cundurango, hence its name. A number of conduritol derivatives has antifeedant, antibiotic, tumour-inhibitory, antileukemic, and growth-regulating activity.
See also
Inositol
References
Cyclitols
Cyclohexenes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20Choice%20and%20Individual%20Values
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Kenneth Arrow's monograph Social Choice and Individual Values (1951, 2nd ed., 1963, 3rd ed., 2012) and a theorem within it created modern social choice theory, a rigorous melding of social ethics and voting theory with an economic flavor. Somewhat formally, the "social choice" in the title refers to Arrow's representation of how social values from the set of individual orderings would be implemented under the constitution. Less formally, each social choice corresponds to the feasible set of laws passed by a "vote" (the set of orderings) under the constitution even if not every individual voted in favor of all the laws.
The work culminated in what Arrow called the "General Possibility Theorem," better known thereafter as Arrow's (impossibility) theorem. The theorem states that, absent restrictions on either individual preferences or neutrality of the constitution to feasible alternatives, there exists no social choice rule that satisfies a set of plausible requirements. The result generalizes the voting paradox, which shows that majority voting may fail to yield a stable outcome.
Introduction
The Introduction contrasts voting and markets with dictatorship and social convention (such as those in a religious code). Both exemplify social decisions. Voting and markets facilitate social choice in a sense, whereas dictatorship and convention limit it. The former amalgamate possibly differing tastes to make a social choice. The concern is with formal aspects of generalizin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil%20quality
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Soil quality refers to the condition of soil based on its capacity to perform ecosystem services that meet the needs of human and non-human life.
Soil quality reflects how well a soil performs the functions of maintaining biodiversity and productivity, partitioning water and solute flow, filtering and buffering, nutrient cycling, and providing support for plants and other structures. Soil management has a major impact on soil quality.
Soil quality relates to soil functions. Unlike water or air, for which established standards have been set, soil quality is difficult to define or quantify.
Indicators of soil quality
Soil quality can be evaluated using the Soil Management Assessment Framework. Soil quality in agricultural terms is measured on a scale of soil value (Bodenwertzahl) in Germany.
Soil quality is primarily measured by chemical, physical, and biological indicators because soil function cannot easily be measured directly. Each of these categories comprises several indicators that provide insight into overall soil quality.
Physical
The physical category of soil quality indicators consists of tests that measure soil texture, bulk density, porosity, water content at saturation, aggregate stability, penetration resistance, and more. These measures provide hydrological information, such the level of water infiltration and water availability to plants.
Chemical
Chemical indicators include pH and nutrient levels. A typical soil test only evaluates chemical soil prop
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi%20Davletov
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Fevzi Davletov (born 20 September 1972) is a retired Uzbekistan International football defender.
Career statistics
International
Scores and results list Uzbekistan's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Davletov goal.
References
External links
Bio at playerhistory.com
Profile at KLISF
1972 births
Living people
Footballers from Tashkent
Soviet men's footballers
Uzbekistani men's footballers
Uzbekistani expatriate men's footballers
Uzbekistan men's international footballers
1996 AFC Asian Cup players
2000 AFC Asian Cup players
FC Rubin Kazan players
FC Tobol players
navbahor Namangan players
FC Qizilqum Zarafshon players
FK Andijon players
Expatriate men's footballers in Kazakhstan
Uzbekistani expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Uzbekistani expatriate sportspeople in Russia
FC Irtysh Pavlodar players
FC Zhetysu players
FC Dustlik players
Men's association football defenders
Asian Games gold medalists for Uzbekistan
Asian Games medalists in football
Footballers at the 1994 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1994 Asian Games
FC Megasport players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanhopea%20embreei
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Stanhopea embreei is a species of orchid.
The classification of this species was published by Calaway H. Dodson in Selbyana, 1: 128. 1975. The original isotype was collected by Dodson.
Distribution: Cañar (Ecuador, Western South America, Southern America).
The holotype is kept at Systematic Entomology Laboratory (SEL).
Etymology: This species is named for Alvin Embree, an American orchidologist.
Molecular analysis by Whitten al. revealed the major chemical component of this species fragrance is trans-methyl cinnamate.
Closely related species are Stanhopea frymirei & Stanhopea jenischiana based on molecular data.
Gallery
References
Norris H. Williams & W. Mark Whitten, Molecular phylogeny and floral fragrances of male euglossine bee-pollinated orchids: A study of Stanhopea (Orchidaceae). Plant Species Biology (1999) 14, 129-136.
External links
embreei
Orchids of Ecuador
Cañar Province
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc%20phosphide
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Zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) is an inorganic chemical compound. It is a grey solid, although commercial samples are often dark or even black. It is used as a rodenticide. Zn3P2 is a II-V semiconductor with a direct band gap of 1.5 eV and may have applications in photovoltaic cells. A second compound exists in the zinc-phosphorus system, zinc diphosphide (ZnP2).
Synthesis and reactions
Zinc phosphide can be prepared by the reaction of zinc with phosphorus; however, for critical applications, additional processing to remove arsenic compounds may be needed.
6 Zn + P4 → 2 Zn3P2
Another method of preparation include reacting tri-n-octylphosphine with dimethylzinc.
Zinc phosphide reacts with water to produce phosphine (PH3) and zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)2):
Zn3P2 + 6 H2O → 2 PH3 + 3 Zn(OH)2
Structure
Zn3P2 has a room-temperature tetragonal form that converts to a cubic form at around 845 °C. In the room-temperature form there are discrete P atoms, zinc atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated and phosphorus six coordinate, with zinc atoms at 6 of the vertices of a distorted cube.
The crystalline structure of zinc phosphide is very similar to that of cadmium arsenide (Cd3As2), zinc arsenide (Zn3As2) and cadmium phosphide (Cd3P2). These compounds of the Zn-Cd-P-As quaternary system exhibit full continuous solid-solution.
Applications
Photovoltaics
Zinc phosphide is an ideal candidate for thin film photovoltaic applications, for it has strong optical absorption and an almost i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP1A1
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Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP1A1 gene. The protein is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes.
Function
Metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs
CYP1A1 is involved in phase I xenobiotic and drug metabolism (one substrate of it is theophylline). It is inhibited by hesperetin (a flavonoid found in lime, sweet orange), fluoroquinolones and macrolides and induced by aromatic hydrocarbons.
CYP1A1 is also known as AHH (aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase). It is involved in the metabolic activation of aromatic hydrocarbons (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAH), for example, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), by transforming it to an epoxide. In this reaction, the oxidation of benzo[a]pyrene is catalysed by CYP1A1 to form BaP-7,8-epoxide, which can be further oxidized by epoxide hydrolase (EH) to form BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol. Finally, CYP1A1 catalyses this intermediate to form BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide, which is a carcinogen.
However, an in vivo experiment with gene-deficient mice has found that the hydroxylation of benzo[a]pyrene by CYP1A1 can have an overall protective effect on the DNA, rather than contributing to potentially carcinogenic DNA modifications. This effect is likely due to the fact that CYP1A1 is highly active in the intestinal mucosa, and thus inhibits infiltration of ingested benzo[a]pyrene carcinogen into the systemic circulation.
CYP1A1 metabolism of various foreign agents to carcinogens h
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrosidase
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Sacrosidase (trade name Sucraid) is a medication used to replace sucrase in people lacking this enzyme. It is available as an oral solution. Sucraid is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the therapy of the genetically determined sucrase deficiency that is part of the Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency (CSID). Sacrosidase assists in the breakdown of sugar/sucrose into simpler forms and is useful for the relief of gastrointestinal symptoms that are associated with CSID.
References
External links
Sucraid Oral Solution helps relieve the gastrointestinal symptoms that are associated with CSID (Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase deficiency).
EC 3.2.1
Orphan drugs
Enzymes of unknown structure
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split-step%20method
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In numerical analysis, the split-step (Fourier) method is a pseudo-spectral numerical method used to solve nonlinear partial differential equations like the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The name arises for two reasons. First, the method relies on computing the solution in small steps, and treating the linear and the nonlinear steps separately (see below). Second, it is necessary to Fourier transform back and forth because the linear step is made in the frequency domain while the nonlinear step is made in the time domain.
An example of usage of this method is in the field of light pulse propagation in optical fibers, where the interaction of linear and nonlinear mechanisms makes it difficult to find general analytical solutions. However, the split-step method provides a numerical solution to the problem. Another application of the split-step method that has been gaining a lot of traction since the 2010s is the simulation of Kerr frequency comb dynamics in optical microresonators. The relative ease of implementation of the Lugiato–Lefever equation with reasonable numerical cost, along with its success in reproducing experimental spectra as well as predicting soliton behavior in these microresonators has made the method very popular.
Description of the method
Consider, for example, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
where describes the pulse envelope in time at the spatial position . The equation can be split into a linear part,
and a nonlinear part,
Both the linear an
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcrystalline
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A microcrystalline material is a crystallized substance or rock that contains small crystals visible only through microscopic examination. There is little agreement on the range of crystal sizes that should be regarded as microcrystalline, but the extreme range of values suggested is 1 to 200 microns.
See also
Macrocrystalline
Nanocrystalline silicon
Microcrystalline cellulose
Microcrystalline wax
Protocrystalline
Rock microstructure
References
Mineralogy concepts
Petrology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Canadian%20plants%20by%20genus
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Below is a list of Canadian plants by genus. Due to the vastness of Canada's biodiversity, this page is divided.
Many of the plants seen in Canada are introduced by either intentionally or accidentally. N indicated native and X indicated exotic. Those plants whose status is unknown are marked with a ?.
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I J K | L | M | N | O | P Q | R | S | T | U V W | X Y Z
Ab
Abies
N Abies amabilis – Pacific silver fir, amabilis fir
N Abies balsamea – balsam fir
N Abies grandis – grand fir
N Abies lasiocarpa – subalpine fir
Abutilon
X Abutilon theophrasti – velvetleaf, butterprint, Indian mallow
Ac
Acalypha
N Acalypha virginica – Virginia copperleaf, Virginia threeseed mercury
Acanthospermum
X Acanthospermum hispidum – hispid greenstripe
Acer
X Acer campestre – hedge maple, field maple
X Acer ginnala – Amur maple, ginnala maple
N Acer negundo – Manitoba maple, box-elder, ashleaf maple
N Acer nigrum – black maple, black sugar maple, rock maple
N Acer pensylvanicum – striped maple, moose maple, goosefoot maple
X Acer platanoides – Norway maple, Schwedler maple, crimson king maple
X Acer pseudoplatanus – sycamore maple, Scottish maple, great maple
N Acer rubrum – red maple, swamp maple, scarlet maple
N Acer saccharinum – silver maple, soft maple, white maple, silverleaf maple, river maple
N Acer saccharum – sugar maple, hard maple
N Acer spicatum – mountain maple
N Acer × freemanii (A. rubrum × A. saccharinum) – Freeman's maple
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert%20Smithson%20Adair
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Gilbert Smithson Adair FRS (1896–1979) was an early protein scientist who used osmotic pressure measurements to establish that haemoglobin was a tetramer under physiological conditions. This conclusion led him to be the first to identify cooperative binding, in the context of oxygen binding to haemoglobin.
Gilbert Smithson Adair was born on 21 September 1896 in Whitehaven, son of Harold and Anna Mary Adair (née Jackson), who were Quakers. Gilbert and his sister Anna were initially taught at home by a governess. Later, Gilbert was taught at the Quaker Bootham School, where he was a boarder. The family, meanwhile had moved to Egremont, where Harold Adair was managing director of Wyndham Mining Company Ltd. an iron ore mine.
Adair entered King's College, Cambridge from 1915 to 1917, gaining a first in Natural Sciences. He was soon employed by the Food Investigation Board, a wartime research group set up by the DSIR to determine how to prevent wastage of food, particularly fish, meat, fruits, etc. on cargo ships.
In 1920, he became a research student at King's College, and was made an official Fellow in 1928, granting him five years to devote to research. In 1931, he became assistant director of the Physiological Laboratory in Cambridge. He was a Reader in Biophysics from 1945 until his retirement in 1963. Adair was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1939.
He married Muriel Elaine Robinson in Cambridge in 1931. Muriel had entered Girton College in 1918, and went on to obta
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorna%20%28Kemberg%29
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Dorna is a village in Wittenberg district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since January 2007, it belongs to the town of Kemberg.
Geography and transport
Dorna lies about southeast of Lutherstadt Wittenberg south of the Elbe. Through the community runs the Federal Highway (Bundesstraße) B 187 between Wittenberg and Torgau. South of the community is the Düben Heath.
Politics
The last mayor of Dorna was Martina Ritter, first elected on 19 January 1994.
History
The community lay until 1815 in the Saxon Amt of Wittenberg, and next passed to the Prussian province of Saxony. In 1513, the community's name was recorded as Dornow.
External links
Administrative community's website
Former municipalities in Saxony-Anhalt
Kemberg
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichloroisocyanuric%20acid
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Trichloroisocyanuric acid is an organic compound with the formula (C3Cl3N3O3). It is used as an industrial disinfectant, bleaching agent and a reagent in organic synthesis. This white crystalline powder, which has a strong "chlorine odour," is sometimes sold in tablet or granule form for domestic and industrial use.
Synthesis
Trichloroisocyanuric acid is prepared from cyanuric acid via a reaction with chlorine gas and trisodium cyanurate.
Applications
The compound is a disinfectant, algicide and bactericide mainly for swimming pools and dyestuffs, and is also used as a bleaching agent in the textile industry. It is widely used in civil sanitation for pools and spas, preventing and curing diseases in animal husbandry and fisheries, fruit and vegetable preservation, wastewater treatment, as an algicide for recycled water in industry and air conditioning, in anti shrink treatment for woolens, for treating seeds and in organic chemical synthesis. It is used in chemical synthesis as an easy to store and transport chlorine gas source, it is not subject to hazardous gas shipping restrictions, and its reaction with hydrochloric acid produces relatively pure chlorine.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid as used in swimming pools is easier to handle than chlorine gas. It dissolves slowly in water, but as it reacts, cyanuric acid concentration in the pool will build-up.
See also
Comet (cleanser)
Dichloroisocyanuric acid (Dichlor)
Sodium dichloroisocyanurate
Chlorine
References
Exter
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Airport%20%28Minnesota%29
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Crystal Airport is a public airport named after the city of Crystal in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. Most of the airport is in the city of Crystal. Portions north of taxiway C (62nd Avenue) are in Brooklyn Park, and the north east corner of the airport is in Brooklyn Center. It is eight miles (13 km) northwest of the central business district of Minneapolis and is owned by the Metropolitan Airports Commission. The airport covers an area of approximately 430 acres.
It opened in 1946 as a privately owned, public use airport. In 1948 the Metropolitan Airports Commission purchased the airport. The Crystal Airport became the second airport acquired by MAC. Extensive construction actives began in 1950. Additional land purchases were made in 1951 and 1954. The additional 34 acres of land was purchased for runway expansion and noise relief.
Facilities and aircraft
Crystal Airport covers an area of which contains four runways:
Runway 14L/32R: 3,268 x 75 ft (995 x 23 m), surface: asphalt
Runway 14R/32L: 3,267 x 75 ft (995 x 23 m), surface: asphalt
Runway 6L/24R: 2,500 x 75 ft (762 x 23 m), surface: asphalt
Runway 6R/24L: 2,123 x 150 ft (647 x 46 m), surface: turf
The open area on the west side of the airport between Runways 24L and 32R is large enough to support blimp mooring.
For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2014, the airport had 42,351 aircraft operations, an average of 116 per day: 1% air taxi and 99% general aviation. In January 2017, there were
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake%20zones%20of%20India
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The Indian subcontinent has a history of devastating earthquakes. The major reason for the high frequency and intensity of the earthquakes is that the Indian plate is driving into Asia at a rate of approximately 47 mm/year. Geographical statistics of India show that almost 58% of the land is vulnerable to earthquakes. A World Bank and United Nations report shows estimates that around 200 million city dwellers in India will be exposed to storms and earthquakes by 2050. The latest version of seismic zoning map of India given in the earthquake resistant design code of India [IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002] assigns four levels of seismicity for India in terms of zone factors. In other words, the earthquake zoning map of India divides India into 4 seismic zones (Zone 2, 3, 4 and 5) unlike its previous version, which consisted of five or six zones for the country. According to the present zoning map, Zone 5 expects the highest level of seismicity whereas Zone 2 is associated with the lowest level of seismicity.
National Center for Seismology
The National Center for Seismology Ministry of Earth Sciences is a nodal agency of the Government of India dealing with various activities in the fields of seismology and allied disciplines. The major activities currently being pursued by the National Center for Seismology include a) earthquake monitoring on a 24/7 basis, including real time seismic monitoring for early warning of tsunamis, b) operation and maintenance of national seismological network
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Mkrtchyan
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Arthur Mkrtchyan (, born on 9 September 1973) is an Armenian football coach and a former defender. He was capped 25 times for the Armenia national team.
National team statistics
External links
1973 births
Living people
Footballers from Yerevan
Soviet men's footballers
Armenian men's footballers
Armenia men's international footballers
Armenian expatriate men's footballers
FC Pyunik players
FC Torpedo Moscow players
FC Torpedo-2 players
PFC Krylia Sovetov Samara players
FC Mika players
FC Darida Minsk Raion players
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Armenian Premier League players
Russian Premier League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Belarus
Armenian expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Armenian expatriate sportspeople in Belarus
Men's association football defenders
Soviet Armenians
Armenian football managers
Armenian expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bases%20on%20balls%20per%20nine%20innings%20pitched
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In baseball statistics, bases on balls per nine innings pitched (BB/9IP or BB/9) or walks per nine innings (denoted by W/9) is the average number of bases on balls, (or walks) given up by a pitcher per nine innings pitched. It is determined by multiplying the number of bases on balls allowed by nine, and dividing by the number of innings pitched. It is a measure of the bases on balls ability of a pitcher.
Leaders
All but one of the top 25 single-season leaders in BB/9IP through 2018 pitched in the period of 1876-84. George Zettlein was the all-time single-season leader (0.2308 in 1876), followed by Cherokee Fisher (0.2355 in 1876) and George Bradley (0.2755 in 1880). The highest single-season modern day baseball performance was by Carlos Silva (0.4301 in 2005).
The all-time career leaders in BB/9IP through 2022 were Candy Cummings (0.4731), Tommy Bond (0.4787), and Al Spalding (0.5114), all of whom played in the 1870s and 1880s.
The active career leaders in BB/9IP through 2022 were Corey Kluber (1.9683), Michael Pineda (1.9719), and Hyun Jin Ryu (1.9914).
References
Pitching statistics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFE
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FFE may refer to:
Fakes Forgeries Experts, a philatelic journal
Fast Field Echo in magnetic resonance imaging
Fédération Française des Éclaireuses
Feed-Forward Equalizer
FFE Transportation, an American transport company
Finished floor elevation
Fire For Effect, a military doctrine
Fire-From-Enclosure (FFE), M72A28 Light Anti-Tank (AT) Weapon (LAW) variant
First.Finger Entertainment, an American entertainment and media company
Ford Focus Electric
Foundation For Excellence, a non-profit organization which supports students in India
Foras Feasa ar Éirinn, a narrative history of Ireland by Geoffrey Keating
Free-Flow Electrophoresis
Station Code FFE for Fremantle railway station, in Australia
French Chess Federation (French: )
French Fencing Federation (French: )
Frontier: First Encounters, a video game
Fukuoka Futures Exchange in Japan
Furniture, Fixtures & Equipment (accounting)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Himalayan%20Times
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The Himalayan Times is an English-language broadsheet newspaper published and distributed daily in Nepal. Rajan Pokhrel is the acting editor. In the annual newspaper classification report published by Press Council Nepal, it was placed in the A+ category, the highest possible rank.
The newspaper was founded on 23 November 2001. It is based in Maharajgunj, Kathmandu. It is owned by International Media Network Nepal (Pvt) Ltd which in turn is owned by a Nepali investors. The paper's competitors tried to organise and lobby against the entry of foreign-owned newspaper in the country, but were not successful.
At the time of its founding, it published in 12 pages, six of them coloured, and was priced as Rs 2. Within a year, it had become one of the premier English language dailies in Nepal, and claimed to be number one in terms of readership.
References
External links
Daily newspapers published in Nepal
English-language newspapers published in Asia
Newspapers established in 2001
Online newspapers published in Nepal
2001 establishments in Nepal
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine%20nerves
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The palatine nerves (descending branches) are distributed to the roof of the mouth, soft palate, tonsil, and lining membrane of the nasal cavity.
Most of their fibers are derived from the sphenopalatine branches of the maxillary nerve.
In older texts, they are usually categorized as three in number: anterior, middle, and posterior. (In newer texts, and in Terminologia anatomica, they are broken down into "greater palatine nerve" and "lesser palatine nerve".)
References
External links
Diagram at adi-visuals.com
Peripheral nervous system
Palate
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20communities%20in%20Manitoba%20by%20population
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Manitoba has 81 communities, excluding rural municipalities, that have a population of 1,000 or greater according to the 2021 Census of Canada conducted by Statistics Canada. These communities include cities, towns, villages, reserves inhabited by First Nations, a local government district that is urban in nature, designated places, and population centres. A population centre, according to Statistics Canada, is an area with a population of at least 1,000 and a density of 400 or more people per square kilometre.
List
See also
List of census agglomerations in Manitoba
List of communities in Manitoba
List of municipalities in Manitoba
List of population centres in Manitoba
Manitoba Geography
References
Communities
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Intellectual%20Property%20Law%20Association
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The American Intellectual Property Law Association (AIPLA), headquartered in Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia, is a U.S., voluntary bar association constituted primarily of lawyers in private and corporate practice, in government service, and in the academic community. AIPLA represents individuals, companies and institutions involved in the practice of patent, trademark, copyright, and unfair competition law, as well as other fields of law affecting intellectual property. Members represent both owners and users of intellectual property.
History
AIPLA was formed in 1897 as the American Patent Law Association. The name was formally changed in 1983 to AIPLA. The purpose of the organization, as set forth in the Articles of Incorporation, is “to maintain a high standard of professional ethics, to aid in the improvement in laws relating to intellectual property and in their proper interpretation by the courts, and to provide legal education to the public and to its members on intellectual property issues.”
Governance
AIPLA is governed by a board of directors and has a staff of 8, headed by an executive director. AIPLA has over 60 committees which provide education to members and formulate proposed positions for the Board of Directors to consider adopting as association policy.
Q. Todd Dickinson, formerly the Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office, was named Executive Director in 2008. Dickinson announc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemonpeel%20angelfish
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The lemonpeel angelfish (Centropyge flavissima), also known as the yellow angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region.
Description
The lemonpeel angelfish is bright yellow in colour with a bluish or whitish ring surrounding the eye. There is a black blotch on the rear margin of the gill cover. The spine on the preoperculum is blue and the dorsal, anal and caudal fins have blue margins. The juveniles have an ocellus on the flank which is black with blue edges. The dorsal fin contains 14 spines and 15-16 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 16 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of .
Distribution
The lemonpeel angelfish is found in the Indo-Pacific, the core of its distribution is in the Central Pacific from the Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands of Southern Japan in the north, east to the Tuamotu Islands and south to Australia. It occurs around some Indian Ocean islands too. In Australia it occurs from the northern Great Barrier Reef south to Moreton Bay in Queensland and the Solitary Islands in New South Wales. In addition, it is found off Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea and the Australian Indian Ocean territories of Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Records from some parts of the western Pacific Ocean are likely to refer to vagrants. It is absent from Hawaii and Johnston Atoll.
Habitat and biology
The lemonpeel angelfish is f
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twospined%20angelfish
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The twospined angelfish (Centropyge bispinosa), also known as the dusky angelfish, or coral beauty, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. They are found in the Indo-Pacific.
Description
The twospined angelfish has a basic dark purplish-blue body. This is marked with irregular orange vertical bars on its flanks. The dorsal, caudal and anal fins have a bright blue margin. The dorsal fin contains 14 spines and 17-18 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 17-19 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of .
Distribution
The twospined angelfish is found in the Indo-Pacific. Its range extends from the coast of East Africa between Tanzania and South Africa as Far East as the Tuamotu Islands of French Polynesia, north to the Izu Islands of Japan and south to Lord Howe Island. In Australia, as well as Lord Howe Island, it is found from the Rowley Shoals and Scott Reef in Western Australia, Ashmore Reef in the Timor Sea, and along the east coast from Raine Island in Queensland to Bass Point in New South Wales as well as Christmas Island. Offshore it occurs at Norfolk Island, Elizabeth Reef and Middleton Reef in the Tasman Sea and Ashmore Reef and Kenn Reef in the Coral Sea.
Habitat and biology
The twospined angelfish is found at depths of in coral reefs within lagoons, rubble patches and drop offs, being commonest around drop offs. They live in small social groups consisting of a single male and a few f
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orangeback%20angelfish
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The orangeback angelfish (Centropyge acanthops), also known as the flameback angelfish, African pygmy angelfish and in South Africa as the Jumping Bean or Bean, is a species of ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the western Indian Ocean.
Description
The orangeback angelfish has the head, upper flanks, the dorsal fin and the caudal fin are golden yellow in colour. The lower flanks and the anal fin are black with many dense purple spots. Their eyes are ringed with blue. This species attains a maximum total length of .
Distribution
The orangeback angelfish is found in the western Indian Ocean. It occurs along the East African coast from Somalia south to East London in the Eastern Cape Province, as well as Madagascar, Seychelles, Comoros, the Chagos Islands and the Mascarene Islands. In Asia it has been recorded from the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea off Yemen, including Socotra, and Oman as well as the Maldives. It has also been recorded from the Australian territory of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.
Habitat and biology
The orangeback angelfish is found at depths between , usually near coral and frequently in area of coral rubble where it likes to hide among the rubble. It prefers areas with dense algal growth and it grazes on algae and small invertebrates. It is a social species which is typically encountered in groups of up to 10 fishes. They are protogynous hermaphrodites in which the most dominant female in a group
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flameback%20angelfish
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The flameback angelfish (Centropyge aurantonotus), also known as the flameback pygmy angelfish, Brazilian flameback angelfish, Caribbean flameback angelfish or fireball angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean.
Description
The flameback angelfish has an oval, deep and laterally compressed body with a short, blunt snout and a small mouth. There is a long, robust spine at the angle of the preopercle with vertical margin serrated. To the rear of the bone below the eye there are 2 large, rear-pointing spines and a series of smaller spines on the preopercle and on the opercle. It has a mainly blue body with the head and dorsal region being bright, golden yellow. It also has a blue ring around the eyes. The caudal and the anal fins are dark blue marked with many black spots. The dorsal fin contains 14-15 spines and 15-16 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 17 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of .
Distribution
The flameback angelfish is found in the tropical Western Atlantic Ocean. It occurs from the Lesser Antilles and Curaçao in the Netherlands Antilles and along the northern coast of South America from Venezuela to southern Brazil. It has been recorded in the easatern Atlantic at São Tomé in the Gulf of Guinea.
Habitat and biology
The flameback angelfish is found. At depths of between where it is found in areas of reef and rock rubble
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recreation%20Park%20%28Ontario%29
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Recreation Park is the classification given by Ontario Parks to provincial parks which are primarily intended for recreation. They usually contain campgrounds, modern facilities, beaches, boat launches, picnic areas, hiking, and other utilities used in modern recreational camping.
See also
List of Ontario parks
References
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivien%20Garry
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Vivien Garry (1920 – December 1, 2008) was a jazz bassist. She led the Vivien Garry Quintet (which, on at least one date, included Edna Williams of the International Sweethearts of Rhythm on trumpet and Ginger Smock on violin) and the Vivien Garry Trio (which included her husband, Arv Garrison, on guitar and Wini Beatty on piano).
Discography
Please note the various different spellings of Ms. Garry's name...these are taken from the actual record labels.
Premier Records:
29006 Vivien Gary Trio- Flying Home // Mop Mop (rec. 1944)
29007 Vivien Gary Trio- Seven Come Eleven // I've Got To, That's All (rec. 1944) - note: these four songs feature Lex Zaharik (p), Arv Garrison (g), Vivien Gary (b, vocal).
Guild Records:
124 Vivian Garry Trio- Relax Jack // Altitude (rec. 1945) - note: these two songs feature Teddy Kaye (p, vocal), Arv Garrison (g, vocal), Vivian Garry (b, vocal).
Black & White Records:
1216 The Hip Chicks- I Surrender Dear // Moonlight On Turhan Bay (rec. 1945) - note: A side features a guest vocal by Vivian Garry.
Sarco Records (a subsidiary of Gotham Records):
101 Vivien Garry Quartet- Hopscotch // Where You At (rec. 1945; rel. 5-46)
102 Vivien Garry Quartet- I Surrender Dear // I've Got To, That's All (rec. 1945; rel. 5-46)
103 Vivian Garry Quartet- Tonsillectomy // These Foolish Things (rec. 1945; rel. 6-46)
104 Vivian Garry Quartet- Rip Van Winkle // Stick Around (rec.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggon%20language
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Eggon (also Egon, Ero, or Mo Egon), erroneously referred to as Mada - formerly a Plateau language spoken in central Nigeria. It is one of the major language in Nasarawa State.
Classification
The exact classification of the Eggon language has been in dispute and it can be said that this issue remains unresolved. Eggon was first classified by Greenberg (1963) as a Plateau language in his group 5, together with Nungu and Yeskwa. In the revision prepared by Carl Hoffman published in Hansford et al. (1976) a Benue group was set up that combined Greenberg's Plateau 5 and 7 with Jukunoid. The new subgrouping classified Eggon together with Nungu, Ake and Jidda-Abu. This concept of a Benue grouping came from the lexicostatistical studies of Shimizu (1975) who argued against the unity of Greenberg's Plateau and proposed the Benue group. However, in 1983, Gerhardt published a convincing rebuttal of Shimizu's arguments. The latest version of classification of Plateau languages in Gerhardt (1989) adds Yashi to the Eggon subgroup but removes the links with 'Benue' i.e. Tarok and the Jukunoid languages. Blench (2008) classifies Eggon and Ake as the Eggonic group of the Southern branch of Plateau.
Distribution
The main towns of the Eggon people are Eggon, Kagbu, Washo and Wana. They stretch as far south as Lafia and west of Akwanga as far as the railway line. They are bordered on the north by the Mada and to the south by the Migili and the Idoma.
In much of the colonial literature, the E
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicolor%20angelfish
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The bicolor angelfish (Centropyge bicolor) is a marine species of fish, easily recognizable by its yellow tail, yellow front half of their body, and blue rear with blue patterns above and around the eye. Other names of this angelfish include: Pacific rock beauty, oriole angelfish, oriole dwarf angel, blue and gold angel, and two-colored angel. The life expectancy in the wild varies greatly, depending on location, and ranges between 5 and 13 years. These fish tend to grow to a maximum of 6 inches in length. The larval stages lasts approximately 32 days.
Distribution and habitat
The bicolor angelfish species is most commonly found in the Indo-Pacific region: including East Africa, southern Japan, Australia, and Fiji. They live at a depth range from 1 to 25 meters, most commonly on reef slopes, coral areas, lagoons, and near drop-off areas.
Ecology
A typical bicolor angelfish diet consists of small crustaceans, such as brine and mysis shrimp, as well as tunicates, corals, sponges, worms, algae, and sometimes clams. This is a non-migratory species that lives in harems with a single linear hierarchy based on size. Mature adults are identified based on size. Males and females have no color distinction.
Reproduction
Male bicolor angelfish visit the homes of females at dusk to mate. One male may visit one or multiple females per night to spawn. A female will scatter her eggs, and a male will release sperm that will fertilize the egg. Females, however, can only spawn a maximum o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese%20angelfish
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The Japanese angelfish (Centropyge interrupta) or Japanese pygmy angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the western Pacific Ocean.
Description
The Japanese angelfish has an orange body marked with purple and blue spots
It has an orangey yellow body with purplish blue spots completed with a bright yellow tail. The spots are larger towards the tail, and the bottom part the rear of the fish gradually becomes purple. The spots also turn from blue to purple towards the tail. Juveniles has a blue margined black ocellus on the posterior part of the dorsal fin. The dorsal fin contains 14 spines and 16 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 17 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of .
Distribution
The Japanese angelfish is found in the western Pacific Ocean. They occur in southern Japan from Tokyo to Shikoku, as well as around the Izu Islands and the Ogasawara Islands south of Japan. They also occur in United States waters around Midway Atoll and Kure Atoll and reaching south to Pearl and Hermes Atoll.
Habitat and biology
The Japanese angelfish is found at depths between . They are typically encountered as pairs on rocky reefs where there are rich growths of coral and algae. Their diet consists of algae, benthic invertebrates and sponges. They are oviparous and monogamous. Females change sex to males at a total length of and this takes 20–39 days to complete.
Systematics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosepane
|
Glucosepane is a lysine-arginine protein cross-linking product and advanced glycation end product (AGE) derived from D-glucose. It is an irreversible, covalent cross-link product that has been found to make intermolecular and intramolecular cross-links in the collagen of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and crystallin of the eyes. Covalent protein cross-links irreversibly link proteins together in the ECM of tissues. Glucosepane is present in human tissues at levels 10 to 1000 times higher than any other cross-linking AGE, and is currently considered to be the most important cross-linking AGE.
Role in aging
Aging leads to progressive loss of elasticity and stiffening of tissues rich in the ECM such as joints, cartilage, arteries, lungs and skin. It has been shown that these effects are brought about by the accumulation of cross-links in the ECM on long-lived proteins. Studies done on glucosepane by the Monnier group have shown that the level of glucosepane cross-links in human collagen in the ECM increases progressively with age and at a more rapid pace in people with diabetes, thus suggesting the role of glucosepane in the long-term effects associated with diabetes and aging such as arteriosclerosis, joint stiffening and skin wrinkling. In fact, they report that in the ECM of the skin of a non-diabetic 90-year-old, glucosepane accounts for about 50 times the protein cross-linking as all other forms of protein cross-linking. Further, the build up of cross-links such as gluco
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synertek
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Synertek, Inc. was an American semiconductor manufacturer founded in 1973. The initial staff consisted of Bob Schreiner (the CEO), Dan Floyd, Jack Balletto, and Gunnar Wetlesen and Zvi Grinfas. Schreiner, Floyd, Balletto and Wetlesen were all formerly of Fairchild Semiconductor, and Synertek is thus one of the many "Fairchildren". The company became a major vendor during the late 1970s and early 1980s on the strength of their licensed production of the MOS 6502, one of the most successful microprocessors of the era. Synertek won supply deals with Apple Computer and Atari, who would produce millions of home computer and games consoles with Synertek 6502's inside.
Synertek's original production factories had been cobbled together with used equipment, and quickly ran out of capacity for ever-growing orders. The board of directors was unwilling to fund the construction of a new factory that could handle the demand. This led to a 1979 deal with Honeywell, who agreed to buy the company and operate Synertek as a hands-off division. This almost immediately led to problems when Honeywell's management failed to create a stock options program; top managers began to leave the company and they found it impossible to hire new talent without such a program. By the early 1980s, the company was hollowed out. When both Apple and Atari turned to the Motorola 68000, sales evaporated and they had no new products to offer. Honeywell closed the division in 1985.
History
Formation
Early years
Th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroad%20ecology
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Railroad ecology or railway ecology is a term used to refer to the study of the ecological community growing along railroad or railway tracks and the effects of railroads on natural ecosystems. Such ecosystems have been studied primarily in Europe. Similar conditions and effects appear also by roads used by vehicles. Railroads along with roads, canals, and power lines are examples of linear infrastructure intrusions.
Conditions
Railroad beds, like road beds, are designed to drain water away from the tracks, so there is usually a bed of rock and gravel resulting in fast drainage away from the tracks. At the same time, this drainage often accumulates in areas fairly near the tracks where drainage is poor, forming small artificial wetlands. These unnatural conditions combine to form different zones, some in which water is scarce, others in which water is abundant.
Maintenance
Railroad companies routinely clear-cut and/or spray with herbicide any vegetation that grows too close to the tracks. This favors vegetation that is able to respond favorably to clearcutting, and/or resist herbicides.
On overhead electrified railroad lines, clear-cutting must be more extensive, vertically as well as horizontally, in order to prevent vegetation (especially tree limbs) from interfering with the pantographs on a moving train, breaking off and falling on the wires, or simply from arcing in proximity to high voltage transmission cables. The same vegetative selection processes described i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Beach%2C%20Texas
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Crystal Beach is an unincorporated community in the Bolivar Peninsula census-designated place, in Galveston County, Texas, United States. Also known as Patton, Crystal Beach stretches 7 miles (10 km) along Texas State Highway 87 in the middle of Bolivar Peninsula.
It is located along 27 miles of beach on the Bolivar Peninsula. It is a popular destination thanks to its permitting of camping and fires, as well as its fishing opportunities. Some fish in the surf, and others on the rocks of the North Jetty. The Rollover Fish Pass has been filled in and can no longer be fished, as of 2020. The pass is named for the practice of ship captains from the days of Spanish rule through prohibition, who, to avoid the Galveston customs station, rolled barrels of import or export merchandise over that part of the peninsula.
Crystal Beach is served by the Bolivar Chamber of Commerce, which is the official source for business, tourism and government information for the Bolivar Peninsula.
Crystal Beach and the entire Bolivar Peninsula suffered catastrophic damage from Hurricane Ike on September 12–13, 2008. The majority of the area was damaged by a storm surge of over 20 feet, added to the morning high tide, plus higher waves on top.
History
The sole initial recorded activity was in the Patton community. The Patton Beach post office operated from 1898 to 1900. The Crystal Beach site was settled in the early 20th century. Patton served as a railroad station. When the railroad ended in the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fej%C3%A9r%27s%20theorem
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In mathematics, Fejér's theorem, named after Hungarian mathematician Lipót Fejér, states the following:
Explanation of Fejér's Theorem's
Explicitly, we can write the Fourier series of f as
where the nth partial sum of the Fourier series of f may be written as
where the Fourier coefficients are
Then, we can define
with Fn being the nth order Fejér kernel.
Then, Fejér's theorem asserts that
with uniform convergence. With the convergence written out explicitly, the above statement becomes
Proof of Fejér's Theorem
We first prove the following lemma:
Proof: Recall the definition of , the Dirichlet Kernel:We substitute the integral form of the Fourier coefficients into the formula for above
Using a change of variables we get
This completes the proof of Lemma 1.
We next prove the following lemma:
Proof: Recall the definition of the Fejér Kernel
As in the case of Lemma 1, we substitute the integral form of the Fourier coefficients into the formula for
This completes the proof of Lemma 2.
We next prove the 3rd Lemma:
This completes the proof of Lemma 3.
We are now ready to prove Fejér's Theorem. First, let us recall the statement we are trying to prove
We want to find an expression for . We begin by invoking Lemma 2:
By Lemma 3a we know that
Applying the triangle inequality yields
and by Lemma 3b, we get
We now split the integral into two parts, integrating over the two regions and .
The motivation for doing so is that we want to prove that . We can do th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Lewis
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Crystal Lynn Lewis (born September 11, 1969) is an American contemporary Christian and jazz singer, songwriter and actress.
Lewis has been nominated for several Grammy Awards, and has won multiple GMA Dove Awards. Additionally, she has released numerous CCM chart-topping hits.
Lewis reached a commercial peak with her Billboard Top 5 albums: “Let Love In” (1990), "Beauty for Ashes" (1996), "Gold" (1998) and the Grammy-nominated Fearless (2000), which inspired young future superstars like Katy Perry and Tori Kelly.
Early life and career
Crystal Lewis was born in Corona, California (where she grew up singing in her father's church). In 1984, at the age of 15, Lewis auditioned for a children's musical film called Hi-Tops. It was written and produced by Ernie and Debby Rettino, creators of Psalty, the Singing Song Book. She passed the audition, and was able to go into the studio to participate on the soundtrack recording, with the rest of the cast members.
While working on the musical, Lewis met a member of the rockabilly band The Lifters. After becoming friends with the band members, Lewis was asked to join. Soon after, the band changed its name to Wild Blue Yonder. Wild Blue Yonder was together for two years, and recorded a single full-length album, Wild Blue Yonder. It was produced by Daniel Amos front man Terry Scott Taylor, for Frontline Records in 1986. Lewis also sang on D.A.'s album Fearful Symmetry in 1986, and Taylor's solo album A Briefing for the Ascent in 1987.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strikeouts%20per%20nine%20innings%20pitched
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In baseball statistics, strikeouts per nine innings pitched (K/9, SO/9, or SO/9IP) is the mean of strikeouts (or Ks) by a pitcher per nine innings pitched. It is determined by multiplying the number of strikeouts by nine, and dividing by the number of innings pitched. To qualify, a pitcher must have pitched 1,000 innings, which generally limits the list to starters. A separate list is maintained for relievers with 300 innings pitched or 200 appearances.
Leaders
The all-time leader in this statistic through 2022 is Chris Sale (11.06). The only other pitchers who had averaged over 10 strikeouts are Robbie Ray (11.03), Jacob deGrom (10.96), Yu Darvish (10.70), Max Scherzer (10.69), Randy Johnson (10.61), Stephen Strasburg (10.55), Gerrit Cole (10.45), Kerry Wood (10.32), Pedro Martinez (10.04) and Aaron Nola (10.02).
The top three in 2022 were Carlos Rodon (11.98), Shohei Ohtani (11.87), and Gerrit Cole (11.53).
Among qualifying relievers, Aroldis Chapman (14.88) was the all-time leader in strikeouts per nine innings through 2020, followed by Craig Kimbrel (14.66), Kenley Jansen (13.25), Rob Dibble (12.17), David Robertson (11.93), and Billy Wagner (11.92).
In 2022 Kyle Harrison led the minor leagues with 14.8 strikeouts per 9 innings, the highest rate for a pitcher in the minors–minimum 100 innings–in a season dating back to 1960.
Analysis
One effect of K/9 is that it may reward or "inflate" the numbers for pitchers with high batting averages on balls in play (BABIP). Tw
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMM
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FMM may refer to:
Confederation of Malagasy Workers (Malagasy: )
Fast multipole method
Functional membrane microdomain
Father Michael McGivney Catholic Academy, in Markham, Ontario, Canada
Fellowship in Manufacturing Management, a program of Cranfield University, England
Festival Músicas do Mundo, a Portuguese music festival
Field Marshal Montgomery Pipe Band
Flea Market Music, an American publisher
Florida Maritime Museum
Fort Morgan Municipal Airport, in Colorado, United States
France Médias Monde
Franciscan Missionaries of Mary
Free Media Movement
Mainz-Mombach station, in Germany
Memmingen Airport, in Germany
World Federation for the Metallurgic Industry, a former global union federation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete%20Poisson%20equation
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In mathematics, the discrete Poisson equation is the finite difference analog of the Poisson equation. In it, the discrete Laplace operator takes the place of the Laplace operator. The discrete Poisson equation is frequently used in numerical analysis as a stand-in for the continuous Poisson equation, although it is also studied in its own right as a topic in discrete mathematics.
On a two-dimensional rectangular grid
Using the finite difference numerical method to discretize
the 2-dimensional Poisson equation (assuming a uniform spatial discretization, ) on an grid gives the following formula:
where and . The preferred arrangement of the solution vector is to use natural ordering which, prior to removing boundary elements, would look like:
This will result in an linear system:
where
is the identity matrix, and , also , is given by:
and is defined by
For each equation, the columns of correspond to a block of components in :
while the columns of to the left and right of each correspond to other blocks of components within :
and
respectively.
From the above, it can be inferred that there are block columns of in . It is important to note that prescribed values of (usually lying on the boundary) would have their corresponding elements removed from and . For the common case that all the nodes on the boundary are set, we have and , and the system would have the dimensions , where and would have dimensions .
Example
For a 3×3 ( and ) grid with a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turn%20%28biochemistry%29
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A turn is an element of secondary structure in proteins where the polypeptide chain reverses its overall direction.
Definition
According to one definition, a turn is a structural motif where the Cα atoms of two residues separated by a few (usually 1 to 5) peptide bonds are close (less than ). The proximity of the terminal Cα atoms often correlates with formation of an inter main chain hydrogen bond between the corresponding residues. Such hydrogen bonding is the basis for the original, perhaps better known, turn definition. In many cases, but not all, the hydrogen-bonding and Cα-distance definitions are equivalent.
Types of turns
Turns are classified according to the separation between the two end residues:
In an α-turn the end residues are separated by four peptide bonds (i → i ± 4).
In a β-turn (the most common form), by three bonds (i → i ± 3).
In a γ-turn, by two bonds (i → i ± 2).
In a δ-turn, by one bond (i → i ± 1), which is sterically unlikely.
In a π-turn, by five bonds (i → i ± 5).
Turns are classified by their backbone dihedral angles (see Ramachandran plot). A turn can be converted into its inverse turn (in which the main chain atoms have opposite chirality) by changing the sign on its dihedral angles. (The inverse turn is not a true enantiomer since the Cα atom chirality is maintained.) Thus, the γ-turn has two forms, a classical form with (φ, ψ) dihedral angles of roughly (75°, −65°) and an inverse form with dihedral angles (−75°, 65°). At least eig
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAB1
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The Disabled-1 (Dab1) gene encodes a key regulator of Reelin signaling. Reelin is a large glycoprotein secreted by neurons of the developing brain, particularly Cajal-Retzius cells. DAB1 functions downstream of Reln in a signaling pathway
that controls cell positioning in the developing brain and during adult neurogenesis. It docks to the intracellular part of the Reelin very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and apoE receptor type 2 (ApoER2) and becomes tyrosine-phosphorylated following binding of Reelin to cortical neurons. In mice, mutations of Dab1 and Reelin generate identical phenotypes. In humans, Reelin mutations are associated with brain malformations and mental retardation. In mice, Dab1 mutation results in the scrambler mouse phenotype.
With a genomic length of 1.1 Mbp for a coding region of 5.5 kb, DAB1 provides a rare example of genomic complexity, which will impede the identification of human mutations.
Gene function
Cortical neurons form in specialized proliferative regions deep in the brain and migrate past previously formed neurons to reach their proper layer. The laminar organization of multiple neuronal types in the cerebral cortex is required for normal cognitive function. The mouse 'reeler' mutation causes abnormal patterns of cortical neuronal migration as well as additional defects in cerebellar development and neuronal positioning in other brain regions. Reelin (RELN; 600514), the reeler gene product, is an extracellular protein secreted by p
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent%20%28disambiguation%29
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Covalent may refer to:
Covalent bond, a type of chemical bond
Covalent radius, half the distance between two covalently bonded atoms
Covalent modulation, the alteration of protein structure by covalent bonding
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neville%27s%20algorithm
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In mathematics, Neville's algorithm is an algorithm used for polynomial interpolation that was derived by the mathematician Eric Harold Neville in 1934. Given n + 1 points, there is a unique polynomial of degree ≤ n which goes through the given points. Neville's algorithm evaluates this polynomial.
Neville's algorithm is based on the Newton form of the interpolating polynomial and the recursion relation for the divided differences. It is similar to Aitken's algorithm (named after Alexander Aitken), which is nowadays not used.
The algorithm
Given a set of n+1 data points (xi, yi) where no two xi are the same, the interpolating polynomial is the polynomial p of degree at most n with the property
p(xi) = yi for all i = 0,…,n
This polynomial exists and it is unique. Neville's algorithm evaluates the polynomial at some point x.
Let pi,j denote the polynomial of degree j − i which goes through the points (xk, yk) for k = i, i + 1, …, j. The
pi,j satisfy the recurrence relation
{|
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|}
This recurrence can calculate
p0,n(x),
which is the value being sought. This is Neville's algorithm.
For instance, for n = 4, one can use the recurrence to fill the triangular tableau below from the left to the right.
{|
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This process yields
p0,4(x),
the value of the polynomial going through the n + 1 data points (xi, yi) at the point x.
Thi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licensing%20factor
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A licensing factor is a protein or complex of proteins that allows an origin of replication to begin DNA replication at that site. Licensing factors primarily occur in eukaryotic cells, since bacteria use simpler systems to initiate replication. However, many archaea use homologues of eukaryotic licensing factors to initiate replication.
Function
Origins of replication represent start sites for DNA replication and so their "firing" must be regulated to maintain the correct karyotype of the cell in question. The origins are required to fire only once per cell cycle, an observation that led to the postulated existence of licensing factors by biologists in the first place. If the origins were not carefully regulated then DNA replication could be restarted at that origin giving rise to multiple copies of a section of DNA. This could be damaging to cells and could have detrimental effects on the organism as a whole.
The control that licensing factors exert over the cycle represents a flexible system, necessary so that different cell types in an organism can control the timing of DNA replication to their own cell cycles.
Subcellular distribution
The factors themselves are found in different places in different organisms. For example in metazoan organisms, they are commonly synthesised in the cytoplasm of the cell to be imported into the nucleus when required. The situation is different in yeast where the factors present are degraded and resynthesised throughout the cell cycle
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabi%20problem
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The Rabi problem concerns the response of an atom to an applied harmonic electric field, with an applied frequency very close to the atom's natural frequency. It provides a simple and generally solvable example of light–atom interactions and is named after Isidor Isaac Rabi.
Classical Rabi problem
In the classical approach, the Rabi problem can be represented by the solution to the driven damped harmonic oscillator with the electric part of the Lorentz force as the driving term:
where it has been assumed that the atom can be treated as a charged particle (of charge e) oscillating about its equilibrium position around a neutral atom. Here xa is its instantaneous magnitude of oscillation, its natural oscillation frequency, and its natural lifetime:
which has been calculated based on the dipole oscillator's energy loss from electromagnetic radiation.
To apply this to the Rabi problem, one assumes that the electric field E is oscillatory in time and constant in space:
and xa is decomposed into a part ua that is in-phase with the driving E field (corresponding to dispersion) and a part va that is out of phase (corresponding to absorption):
Here x0 is assumed to be constant, but ua and va are allowed to vary in time. However, if the system is very close to resonance (), then these values will be slowly varying in time, and we can make the assumption that , and , .
With these assumptions, the Lorentz force equations for the in-phase and out-of-phase parts ca
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasina%20%28river%29
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The Rasina () is a river in south central Serbia. The long river flows through the Serbian Rasina region, gives its name to the modern Rasina District of Serbia, and flows into the Zapadna Morava near the city of Kruševac.
Its historical name is Arsen (Αρσεγα).
The Rasina springs from the southern slopes of the Goč mountain, near the village of Rašovka, southwest of the most famous Serbian spa, Vrnjačka Banja. The river originally flows to the southeast, around the mountains of Željin and Kopaonik, next to the villages of Mitrovo Polje, Bzenica, Pleš, Jablanica, Grčak, Toskići, Budilovina and Milentija. When the Rasina reaches the small town of Brus, it enters the upper Rasina region and continues next to the villages of Tršanovci, Lepenac and Razbojna.
At this point the river reaches the western side of the Veliki Jastrebac mountain, and makes a wide, elbow turn to the north. In this part of the course, the Rasina also makes a southeast border of the Aleksandrovačka Župa region. After the villages of Bogiše and Zlatari, the Rasina has been dammed at the village of Ćelije, with an artificial lake Ćelije.
The lower Rasina region is densely populated (villages of Suvaja, Majdevo, Štitare, Grkljane, Šogolj, Šavrane, Gornji Stepoš, Bukovica, Donji Stepoš, Lipovac, Malo Golovode, Donje Golovode), with the administrative center of the Rasina District, Kruševac. In its lower course, the Rasina is followed by a parallel flow of the Pepeljuša river, which flows into the Zapadna M
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcoglycan
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The sarcoglycans are a family of transmembrane proteins (α, β, γ, δ or ε) involved in the protein complex responsible for connecting the muscle fibre cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, preventing damage to the muscle fibre sarcolemma through shearing forces.
The dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) is a membrane-spanning complex that links the interior cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix in muscle. The sarcoglycan complex is a subcomplex within the DGC and is composed of six muscle-specific, transmembrane proteins (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon-,and zeta-sarcoglycan). The sarcoglycans are asparagine-linked glycosylated proteins with single transmembrane domains.
The disorders caused by the mutations of the sarcoglycans are called sarcoglycanopathies. Mutations in the α, β, γ or δ genes (not ε) encoding these proteins can lead to the associated limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.
Genes
SGCA
SGCB
SGCD
SGCE
SGCG
SGCZ
References
Protein families
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birch%27s%20theorem
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In mathematics, Birch's theorem, named for Bryan John Birch, is a statement about the representability of zero by odd degree forms.
Statement of Birch's theorem
Let K be an algebraic number field, k, l and n be natural numbers, r1, ..., rk be odd natural numbers, and f1, ..., fk be homogeneous polynomials with coefficients in K of degrees r1, ..., rk respectively in n variables. Then there exists a number ψ(r1, ..., rk, l, K) such that if
then there exists an l-dimensional vector subspace V of Kn such that
Remarks
The proof of the theorem is by induction over the maximal degree of the forms f1, ..., fk. Essential to the proof is a special case, which can be proved by an application of the Hardy–Littlewood circle method, of the theorem which states that if n is sufficiently large and r is odd, then the equation
has a solution in integers x1, ..., xn, not all of which are 0.
The restriction to odd r is necessary, since even degree forms, such as positive definite quadratic forms, may take the value 0 only at the origin.
References
Diophantine equations
Analytic number theory
Theorems in number theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krating%20Daeng
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Krating Daeng (, , ; 'red bull' or 'red gaur') is a non-carbonated energy drink created by Chaleo Yoovidhya. The drink is marketed and sold primarily in Southeast and East Asia; its derivative, Red Bull, is available worldwide in 165 countries.
Chaleo took the name from the gaur (Thai: ), a large wild bovine of Southeast Asia. The logo of the drink underlies its branding, with two red gaurs charging at each other backdropped by a sun.
History
Krating Daeng was first devised in 1975. It contains water, cane sugar, caffeine, taurine, inositol and B-vitamins. It was introduced in Thailand in 1976 as a refreshment for rural Thai labourers. "At first it was not very popular...", says current CEO Saravoot Yoovidhya. "It was quite different from others in the market, and Chaleo focused first on upcountry markets rather than in the cities where other competitors concentrated."
The working class image was boosted by sponsorship of Thai boxing matches, where the logo of two red bulls charging each other was often on display.
Krating Daeng has lost its leadership position in its home market of Thailand to M-150 and is now third in the country's energy drinks market, down to possibly only 7 percent market share in 2014.
Relation to Red Bull
The Thai product is from a different company than the global brand Red Bull as formulated by Dietrich Mateschitz, an Austrian entrepreneur. Mateschitz was the international marketing director for Blendax, a German toothpaste company, when he
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20subchannel
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In broadcasting, digital subchannels are a method of transmitting more than one independent program stream simultaneously from the same digital radio or television station on the same radio frequency channel. This is done by using data compression techniques to reduce the size of each individual program stream, and multiplexing to combine them into a single signal. The practice is sometimes called "multicasting".
ATSC television
United States
The ATSC digital television standard used in the United States supports multiple program streams over-the-air, allowing television stations to transmit one or more subchannels over a single digital signal. A virtual channel numbering scheme distinguishes broadcast subchannels by appending the television channel number with a period digit (".xx"). Simultaneously, the suffix indicates that a television station offers additional programming streams. By convention, the suffix position ".1" is normally used to refer to the station's main digital channel and the ".0" position is reserved for analog channels. For example, most of the owned-and-operated stations/affiliates of Trinity Broadcasting Network transmit five streams in the following format:
The most of any large broadcaster in the United States, Ion Television stations transmit eight channels (in standard definition) and the Katz Broadcasting subchannel services Court TV, Ion Mystery, Bounce TV, Laff, Grit, Defy TV, and Scripps News. More programming streams can be fit into a single
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedgehog%20signaling%20pathway
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The Hedgehog signaling pathway is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper cell differentiation. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include cancer.
The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of animal development and is present in all bilaterians. The pathway takes its name from its polypeptide ligand, an intracellular signaling molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) found in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila; fruit fly larva lacking the Hh gene are said to resemble hedgehogs. Hh is one of Drosophila's segment polarity gene products, involved in establishing the basis of the fly body plan. Larvae without Hh are short and spiny, resembling the hedgehog animal. The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis.
Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, Desert (DHH), Indian (IHH), and Sonic (SHH), of which Sonic is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development and is therefore of interest in evolutionary developmental biology. In knockout mice lacking components of the pathway, the brain, skeleton, musculature, gastrointestinal tract and lungs fail to develop correctly. Recent studies point to the role of Hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneratio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vectra%20%28plastic%29
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Vectra is a brand of liquid crystal polymer (LCP) manufactured by Ticona (a subsidiary of Celanese).
Physical properties of Vectra were tested in the report "Non-Metallic Transducer Mounting Brackets" by the US Naval Research Laboratory in 1992, and the resulting test data is publicly available from the external link below.
CAS: 81843-52-9 (Vectra A 910).
External links
Manufacturer's site, UK
Manufacturer's site, global
"Non-Metallic Transducer Mounting Brackets," US Naval Research Laboratory
Liquid crystals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20of%20origin
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Cell of origin (COO) is a mobile-positioning technique for finding a caller's cell (the basic geographical coverage unit of a cellular telephone system) location.
Overview
Crude COO positioning considers the location of the base station to be the location of the caller. This is not very accurate, as the majority of mobile network cells are projected from an antenna with a spread of 120° (i.e. three mounted on a mast to give complete coverage) giving a signal coverage area with the base station at one corner, rather than the centre. Omnidirectional cells may be used in rural locations (which typically have large ranges and hence uncertain locations for phones within them) and in cities (where they may have ranges of a few hundred metres). The underlying issue is that mobile phone networks are optimised for capacity and call handling rather than locating phones.
Most commercially implemented systems rely on 'enhanced' COO. In the GSM system this relies on the fact that the phones constantly measure the signal strength from the closest 6 base stations and lock on to the strongest signal (the reality is slightly more complex than this and includes parameters that each individual network can optimise, including signal quality and variability. Most networks endeavour to optimise for minimum power consumption, but the overall effect approximates to each phone locking onto the strongest signal).
All networks generate 'splash maps' predicting signal coverage when planning and man
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravasation
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Intravasation is the invasion of cancer cells through the basement membrane into a blood or lymphatic vessel. Intravasation is one of several carcinogenic events that initiate the escape of cancerous cells from their primary sites. Other mechanisms include invasion through basement membranes, extravasation, and colonization of distant metastatic sites. Cancer cell chemotaxis also relies on this migratory behavior to arrive at a secondary destination designated for cancer cell colonization.
Contributing factors
One of the genes that contributes to intravasation codes for urokinase (uPA), a serine protease that is able to proteolytically degrade various extracellular matrix (ECM) components and the basement membrane around primary tumors. uPA also activates multiple growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that further contribute to ECM degradation, thus enabling tumor cell invasion and intravasation.
A newly identified metastasis suppressor, p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), is able to suppress metastasis in part by causing specific proteases, such as uPA, to be downregulated.
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been shown to be abundantly present in the microenvironments of metastasizing tumors. Studies have revealed that macrophages enhance tumor cell migration and intravasation by secreting chemotactic and chemokinetic factors, promoting angiogenesis, remodeling the ECM, and regulating the formation of collagen fibers.
Groups of three cell types (a ma
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treo%20700p
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The Palm Treo 700p was a cell phone with advanced capabilities, commonly referred to as a smartphone. Unlike the slightly earlier Treo 700w, this model is based on Palm OS. This is the first Palm OS-based Treo model to feature high-speed cellular network support, and is also the first Treo model to support Bluetooth 1.2.
While its specifications were more advanced than those of its predecessors, the Treo 700p shares an almost identical form factor with its closest relative, the Palm Treo 650. The Treo 700p was one of four Treo smartphones released in 2006.
The Treo 700p is faster than the Treo 650, and like the 650, it is able to play video from downloads using third-party software such as TCPMP. The 700p by virtue of its EVDO capability can also play live streaming video including cable TV stations. The Treo 700p was offered on Sprint and Verizon Wireless in the United States. With the release of a Palm OS client for Slingbox, Verizon and Sprint customers had the ability to watch live TV on their 700p's via a Slingbox set up in the subscriber's home. With appropriate service, it can also display the latest news and headlines in an on-demand user area.
Carriers
The Treo 700 was available in the US through Sprint Nextel, Verizon Wireless, and Alltel. In Canada, it was available from Telus Mobility.
Specifications
Operating System: Palm OS 5.4.9
Storage: 128 MB (60 user-accessible) Non-Volatile File System RAM
Processor: Intel XScale 312 MHz
Screen: 320 by 320 Col
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purine%20nucleoside%20phosphorylase
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Purine nucleoside phosphorylase, PNP, PNPase or inosine phosphorylase () is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NP gene. It catalyzes the chemical reaction
purine nucleoside + phosphate purine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are a purine nucleoside and phosphate, whereas its products are a purine and alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
Nomenclature
This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is purine-nucleoside:phosphate ribosyltransferase.
Other names in common use include:
inosine phosphorylase
PNPase
PUNPI
PUNPII
inosine-guanosine phosphorylase
nucleotide phosphatase
purine deoxynucleoside phosphorylase
purine deoxyribonucleoside phosphorylase
purine nucleoside phosphorylase
purine ribonucleoside phosphorylas
This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism.
Function
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism. PNP metabolizes inosine into hypoxanthine and guanosine into guanine, in each case creating ribose phosphate. Note: adenosine is first metabolized to inosine via the enzyme adenosine deaminase.
Nucleoside phosphorylase is an enzyme which cleaves a nucleoside by phosphorylating the ribose to produce a nucleobase and ribose 1 phosphate. It is one enzyme of the nucleotide salvage pathways. These pathw
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Canadian%20plants%20by%20genus%20B
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Below is a list of Canadian plants by genus. Due to the vastness of Canada's biodiversity, this page is divided.
Many of the plants seen in Canada are introduced, either intentionally or accidentally. N indicated native and X indicated exotic. Those plants whose status is unknown are marked with a ?.
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I J K | L | M | N | O | P Q | R | S | T | U V W | X Y Z
Ba
Ballota
X Ballota nigra
Baptisia
X Baptisia australis
N Baptisia tinctoria — yellow wild-indigo
Barbarea
N Barbarea orthoceras — erect-fruit wintercress
X Barbarea vulgaris — yellow rocket, common wintercress
Bartonia
N Bartonia paniculata subsp. paniculata — twining screwstem, branched bartonia Threatened
N Bartonia virginica — yellow screwstem, yellow bartonia
Bartsia
N Bartsia alpina — velvetbells, alpine bartsia
Bassia
X Bassia hyssopifolia
Be
Beckmannia
N Beckmannia syzigachne — American slough grass
Bellis
X Bellis perennis — English daisy
Berberis
X Berberis aquifolium — Oregon grape, Oregon hollygrape, holly barberry
X Berberis repens
X Berberis thunbergii — Japanese barberry, purple Japanese barberry
X Berberis vulgaris — European barberry, common barberry
X Berberis × ottawensis (B. thunbergii × B. vulgaris) — Ottawa barberry
Berteroa
X Berteroa incana — hoary alyssum, hoary false madwort
Berula
N Berula erecta
Betula
N Betula alleghaniensis — yellow birch
N Betula cordifolia — heartleaf birch, mountain white birch, mountain paper birch
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiocarbanilide
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Thiocarbanilide is an organic chemical compound with the formula (C6H5NH)2CS. This white solid is a derivative of thiourea. It is prepared by the reaction of aniline and carbon disulfide.
Uses
Thiocarbanilide is commonly used as a vulcanization accelerator for rubber, and as a stabilizer for PVC and PVDC. Its use as a vulcanization accelerator was discovered by BF Goodrich chemist George Oenslager.
Reactions
Thiocarbanilide reacts with phosphorus pentachloride or hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, acetic anhydride or iodine to produce phenyl isothiocyanate.
Toxicology
Oral, rat: = 50 mg/kg.
References
Thioureas
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TR-55
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The TR-55, released in 1955, was both Japan's and Sony's first commercially available transistor radio. The use of transistors allowed the device to be much smaller than earlier vacuum tube radios.
History
Akio Morita and Masaru Ibuka, then operating under the business name Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo, had been working on plans to introduce a transistor radio to the market since 1953. The first model was called TR-52, but was pulled from the market before it had even been introduced after climbing summer temperatures made the front lattice section to gradually peel away from the black cabinet, forcing the company to build a new model using a more durable material. When the TR-55 was released in Japan in August 1955, it was the first transistor radio marketed in that country. The TR-55 featured the Sony name, but the company did not officially change its name to Sony until January 1958.
In the fall of 1955, Morita met with a representative of the Bulova watch company in New York City. Bulova agreed to order 10,000 units on the condition they carry the Bulova name. Morita declined the deal. Sony later signed a deal with New York importer Adolph Gross to distribute an improved and slightly more compact model, and in March 1957, the Sony TR-63 transistor radio would become Sony's first product sold in the US. The TR-63 would not fit in existing shirt front pockets, so the company issued shirts with expanded pockets to salesmen so they could claim the product was "the world's first poc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20CAZA%20member%20zoos%20and%20aquariums
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This is a list of Canada's Accredited Zoos and Aquariums member zoos and aquariums.
Members
Former members
Bowmanville Zoo – Bowmanville, Ontario – closed on 10 October 2016
Crystal Gardens Conservation Centre – Victoria, British Columbia – closed on 2 September 2004
Jardin Zoologique du Quebec – Quebec City, Quebec – closed on 31 March 2006
Cherry Brook Zoo – Saint John, New Brunswick – closed in 2020
Marineland of Canada – Niagara Falls, Ontario – withdrew from membership in May 2017
Mountain View Conservation & Breeding Society – Langley, British Columbia – had its membership revoked by CAZA due to claims of animal abuse
Affiliated
Hagen Avicultural Research Institute – Rigaud, Quebec
Commercial members
Cinemuse Network – Gatineau, Quebec
International Seafood and Bait Ltd. – Shippagan, New Brunswick
Interzoo – Laval, Quebec
Kingfisher Conservation Biology Laboratory – Whitchurch-Stouffville, Ontario
Rare Import/Export Incorporated – Saint-Roch-de-l'Achigan, Quebec, Quebec
Sunshine Polishing International – Saint-Hubert, Quebec
References
CAZA
CAZA
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic%20module
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A cryptographic module is a component of a computer system that implements cryptographic algorithms in a secure way, typically with some element of tamper resistance.
NIST defines a cryptographic modules as "The set of hardware, software, and/or firmware that implements security functions (including cryptographic algorithms), holds plaintext keys and uses them for performing cryptographic operations, and is contained within a cryptographic module boundary."
Hardware security modules, including secure cryptoprocessors, are one way of implementing cryptographic modules.
Standards for cryptographic modules include FIPS 140-3 and ISO/IEC 19790.
References
See also
Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP)
Cryptographic Module Testing Laboratory
Cryptography
Computer security
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrapher%27s%20equations
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The telegrapher's equations (or just telegraph equations) are a set of two coupled, linear equations that predict the voltage and current distributions on a linear electrical transmission line. The equations are important because they allow transmission lines to be analyzed using circuit theory. The equations and their solutions are applicable from 0 Hz to frequencies at which the transmission line structure can support higher order non-TEM modes. The equations can be expressed in both the time domain and the frequency domain. In the time domain the independent variables are distance and time. The resulting time domain equations are partial differential equations of both time and distance. In the frequency domain the independent variables are distance and either frequency, or complex frequency, The frequency domain variables can be taken as the Laplace transform or Fourier transform of the time domain variables or they can be taken to be phasors. The resulting frequency domain equations are ordinary differential equations of distance. An advantage of the frequency domain approach is that differential operators in the time domain become algebraic operations in frequency domain.
The equations come from Oliver Heaviside who developed the transmission line model starting with an August 1876 paper, On the Extra Current. The model demonstrates that the electromagnetic waves can be reflected on the wire, and that wave patterns can form along the line. Originally developed t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity%20and%20drugs
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Biodiversity plays a vital role in maintaining human and animal health. Numerous plants, animals, and fungi are used in medicine, as well as to produce vital vitamins, painkillers, and other things. Natural products have been recognized and used as medicines by ancient cultures all around the world. Many animals are also known to self-medicate using plants and other materials available to them. More than 60% of the world's population relies almost entirely on plant medicine for primary health care.
About 119 pure chemicals are extracted from less than 90 species of higher plants and used as medicines throughout the world, for example, caffeine, methyl salicylate, and quinine.
Antibiotics
Streptomycin, neomycin, and erythromycin are derived from tropical soil fungi.
Plant drugs
A lot of plant species are used in today's studies and have been studied thoroughly for their potential value as a source of drugs. It is possible that some plant species may be a source of drugs against high blood pressure, AIDS, or heart troubles.
In China, Japan, India, and Germany, there is a great deal of interest in and support for the search for new drugs from higher plants.
Sweet wormwood
Each species carries unique genetic material in its DNA and in its chemical factory responding to these genetic instructions. For example, in the valleys of central China, a fernlike endangered weed called sweet wormwood grows, which is the only source of artemisinin, a drug that is nearly 100 percent eff
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSP-4
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For the Super NES enhancement chip see List of Super NES enhancement chips
DSP-4, or N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine, is a neurotoxin selective for noradrenergic neurons, capable of crossing the blood–brain barrier.
It exerts transient effects in peripheral sympathetic neurons, but more permanent changes within neurons of the central nervous system. It can induce long-term depletion in cortical and spinal levels of noradrenaline.
See also
5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine
MPTP
Oxidopamine
References
Neurotoxins
Bromoarenes
Organochlorides
Amines
Nitrogen mustards
Chloroethyl compounds
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saifun
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Saifun may refer to:
Saifun Semiconductors, Ltd., an Israel-based semiconductor firm acquired by Spansion
Saifun, the Taishanese pronunciation for cellophane noodles
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer%20neuron
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A pioneer neuron is a cell that is a derivative of the preplate in the early stages of corticogenesis of the brain. Pioneer neurons settle in the marginal zone of the cortex and project to sub-cortical levels. In the rat, pioneer neurons are only present in prenatal brains. Unlike Cajal-Retzius cells, these neurons are reelin-negative.
Pioneer neurons are born in the ventricular neuroepithelium all over the cortical primordium. In the rat cortex, they appear at embryonic day (E) 11.5 in the lateral aspect of the telencephalic vesicle and cover its whole surface on E12. These cells, which show intense immunoreactivity for calbindin and calretinin, are characterized by their large size and axonal projection. They remain in the marginal zone after the formation of the cortical plate; they project first into the ventricular zone, and then into the subplate and the internal capsule. Therefore, these cells are the origin of the earliest efferent pathway of the developing cortex.
Function
It is thought that axons of pioneer neurons, pioneer axons, serve as a pathway for additional neurons that develop later in the embryo and project their axons to the appropriate target. In many systems pioneer neurons are eliminated by programmed cell-death and are not present in the adult.
See also
Neural development
External links
Neuronal Migration and Formation of Cellular Patterns During Brain Development - from the site of the University of Texas.
Authors of the article propose new
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frzb
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Frzb (pronounced like the toy frisbee) is a Wnt-binding protein especially important in embryonic development. It is a competitor for the cell-surface G-protein receptor Frizzled.
Frizzled is a tissue polarity gene in Drosophila melanogaster and encodes integral proteins that function as cell-surface receptors for Wnts called serpentine receptors. The integral membrane proteins contain a cysteine-rich domain thought to be the Wnt binding domain in extracellular region. The signals are initiated at the 7 transmembrane domain and transmitted through receptor coupling to G-proteins.
This protein is expressed in chondrocytes making it important in skeletal development in the embryo and fetus. Frzb is localized in the extracellular plasma membrane. Unlike frizzled, frzb lacks the 7 transmembrane domains normally found in G-protein-coupled receptors. It is still considered a homolog of frizzled because it contains a Cysteine Rich Domain (CRD), and because of its intracellular C-terminus which is crucial for signaling. The CRD is highly conserved in diverse proteins, such as receptor tyrosine kinases and functions as a ligand binding domain. The C-terminal is a carboxyl terminus located intracellularly and is required for canonical signaling.
The serpentine receptors (frzb) couple binds to ligand (Wnt protein) and activates G-proteins. A signal transduction cascade results in the secretion of first and second group antagonists. First group antagonists are composed of secreted Fr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error%20exponent
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In information theory, the error exponent of a channel code or source code over the block length of the code is the rate at which the error probability decays exponentially with the block length of the code. Formally, it is defined as the limiting ratio of the negative logarithm of the error probability to the block length of the code for large block lengths. For example, if the probability of error of a decoder drops as , where is the block length, the error exponent is . In this example, approaches for large . Many of the information-theoretic theorems are of asymptotic nature, for example, the channel coding theorem states that for any rate less than the channel capacity, the probability of the error of the channel code can be made to go to zero as the block length goes to infinity. In practical situations, there are limitations to the delay of the communication and the block length must be finite. Therefore, it is important to study how the probability of error drops as the block length go to infinity.
Error exponent in channel coding
For time-invariant DMC's
The channel coding theorem states that for any ε > 0 and for any rate less than the channel capacity, there is an encoding and decoding scheme that can be used to ensure that the probability of block error is less than ε > 0 for sufficiently long message block X. Also, for any rate greater than the channel capacity, the probability of block error at the receiver goes to one as the block length goes to infini
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primordial%20Undermind
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Primordial Undermind is an experimental/psychedelic rock band, begun in 1988 when guitarist Eric Arn of Connecticut's Crystalized Movements (the 80's band of guitar hero Wayne Rogers of Major Stars, Magic Hour) moved to California, and continuing today in Austria. Arn initially went to London in 1989 to record demos with the Bevis Frond's Nick Saloman. These sessions produced "Swimming the Ultramoon" for the 1991 7" compilation "If I Could Hear You I Would Hit You" on Baby Huey.
The band has a policy of open, collective membership, leading to numerous lineups over the years. Their Los Angeles County residency from 1991 to 1995 produced the "Sferic Mandalas from the Ecclips'd Eye" 7" on Baby Huey, "Aenesthetic Revelations" 7" on Dionysus, and a full-length cassette on Shrimper Records called "And All Tall Monsters Stand". Two albums were released in 1994 and 1997: "Yet More Wonders of the Invisible World" on September Gurls of Germany, and "You and Me and the Continuum" on the Australian label Camera Obscura.
In 1996 the band relocated to Boston, appearing at the Deep Heaven festivals (which they in large part initiated), and the Ptolemaic Terrascope's Terrastock festival. In 1998 the group moved to the SF Bay area where they performed at Terrastock II and recorded PU's third album "Universe I've Got". This prompted the band's first tour, where they were joined by Salamander (Minneapolis, MN) and Overhang Party (Tokyo) for a trip from west to east coast and back, including
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine%20pancreatic%20ribonuclease
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Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease, also often referred to as bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A or simply RNase A, is a pancreatic ribonuclease enzyme that cleaves single-stranded RNA. Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease is one of the classic model systems of protein science. Two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry have been awarded in recognition of work on bovine pancreatic ribonuclease: in 1972, the Prize was awarded to Christian Anfinsen for his work on protein folding and to Stanford Moore and William Stein for their work on the relationship between the protein's structure and its chemical mechanism; in 1984, the Prize was awarded to Robert Bruce Merrifield for development of chemical synthesis of proteins.
History
Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease became a common model system in the study of proteins largely because it was extremely stable and could be purified in large quantities. In the 1940s Armour and Company purified a kilogram of protein - a very large quantity, particularly by the protein purification standards of the time - and offered samples at low cost to interested scientists. The ability to have a single lot of purified enzyme made it a predominant model system for protein studies. It remains commonly referred to as ribonuclease A or RNase A as the most prominent member of its protein family, known variously as pancreatic ribonuclease, ribonuclease A, or ribonuclease I.
Christian Anfinsen's studies of the oxidative folding process of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease laid the g
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darna%20Zaroori%20Hai
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Darna Zaroori Hai (translation: Fear is necessary) is a 2006 Indian Hindi-language anthology horror film produced by Ram Gopal Varma. The film is a sequel to Darna Mana Hai. It stars a host of Bollywood actors including Amitabh Bachchan, Anil Kapoor, Sunil Shetty, Riteish Deshmukh, Bipasha Basu, Randeep Hooda, Arjun Rampal, Mallika Sherawat, Sonali Kulkarni, Rajpal Yadav and more. The film was archived at the New York Institute of Technology, as part of the film course.
Plot
Darna Zaroori Hai interweaves six stories into one film. Five children get lost in the middle of a forest, where they find a deserted house. Inside, they meet an old woman who agrees to tell them six scary stories, and they will all compete on who is able to sit through all six stories without getting scared.
Opening Story – Prologue
Written and directed by Sajid Khan
The first story is about a young film buff named Satish, who lives with his mother. Satish has a habit of watching a Bollywood movie in theatres every Friday, on the last show of the day. He decides to watch the film Darna Mana Hai. His mother warns him not to take the graveyard shortcut because it's Friday the 13th, a new moon night, and witches might appear. He pays no heed to his mother and takes the shortcut. He safely arrives at the cinema, buys his regular snacks, gets some change back, watches the movie, and returns home. On his return, he once again uses the graveyard shortcut. Walking through the graveyard, he hears clinking f
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insectary%20plant
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Insectary plants are those that attract insects. As such, beneficial insectary plants are intentionally introduced into an ecosystem to increase pollen and nectar resources required by the natural enemies of the harmful or unwanted insects pests. Beyond an effective natural control of pests, the beneficial insects also assist in pollination.
The "friendly insects" include ladybeetles, bees, ground beetles, hoverflies, and parasitic wasps. Other animals that are frequently considered beneficial include lizards, spiders, toads, and hummingbirds. Beneficial insects are as much as ten times more abundant in the insectary plantings area. Mortality of scale insects (caused by natural enemies) can be double with insectary plantings. In addition, a diversity of insectary plants can increase the population of beneficial insects such that these levels can be sustained even when the insectary plants are removed or die off.
For maximum benefit in the garden, insectary plants can be grown alongside desired garden plants that do not have this benefit. The insects attracted to the insectary plants will also help the other nearby garden plants.
Many members of the family Apiaceae (formerly known as Umbelliferae) are excellent insectary plants. Fennel, angelica, coriander (cilantro), dill, and wild carrot all provide in great number the tiny flowers required by parasitic wasps. Various clovers, yarrow, and rue also attract parasitic and predatory insects. Low-growing plants, such as thyme,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification%20of%20railway%20accidents
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Classification of railway accidents, both in terms of cause and effect, is a valuable aid in studying rail (and other) accidents to help to prevent similar ones occurring in the future. Systematic investigation for over 150 years has led to the railways' excellent safety record (compared, for example, with road transport).
Ludwig von Stockert (1913) proposed a classification of accidents by their effects (consequences); e.g. -on-collisions, rear-end collisions, derailments. Schneider and Mase (1968) proposed an additional classification by causes; e.g. driver's errors, signalmen's errors, mechanical faults. Similar categorisations had been made by implication in previous books e.g. Rolt (1956), but Stockert's and Schneider/Mase's are more systematic and complete. With minor changes, they represent best knowledge.
Classification of rail accidents by effects
Collisions
Collisions with trains:
Head-on collision
Rear-end collision
Slanting collision
Collisions with buffer stops (overrunning end of track)
Collisions with obstructions on the track (may also cause derailment)
Collision with landslips (in cuttings)
Derailments
By location:
Plain track
Curves
Junctions
Other
Fires, explosions and release of hazardous chemicals (including sabotage/terrorism)
People falling from trains, collisions with people on tracks
Classification of rail accidents by causes
Drivers' errors
Passing signals at danger
Excessive speed
Mishandling of the engine (e.g. boiler ex
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop%20entropy
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Loop entropy is the entropy lost upon bringing together two residues of a polymer within a prescribed distance. For a single loop, the entropy varies logarithmically with the number of residues in the loop
where is the Boltzmann constant and is a coefficient that depends on the properties of the polymer. This entropy formula corresponds to a power-law distribution for the probability of the residues contacting.
The loop entropy may also vary with the position of the contacting residues. Residues near the ends of the polymer are more likely to contact (quantitatively, have a lower ) than those in the middle (i.e., far from the ends), primarily due to excluded volume effects.
Wang-Uhlenbeck entropy
The loop entropy formula becomes more complicated with multiples loops, but may be determined for a Gaussian polymer using a matrix method developed by Wang and Uhlenbeck. Let there be contacts among the residues, which define loops of the polymers. The Wang-Uhlenbeck matrix is an symmetric, real matrix whose elements equal the number of common residues between loops and . The entropy of making the specified contacts equals
As an example, consider the entropy lost upon making the contacts between residues 26 and 84 and residues 58 and 110 in a polymer (cf. ribonuclease A). The first and second loops have lengths 58 (=84-26) and 52 (=110-58), respectively, and they have 26 (=84-58) residues in common. The corresponding Wang-Uhlenbeck matrix is
whose determinant
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative%20folding
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Oxidative protein folding is a process that is responsible for the formation of disulfide bonds between cysteine residues in proteins. The driving force behind this process is a redox reaction, in which electrons pass between several proteins and finally to a terminal electron acceptor.
In prokaryotes
In prokaryotes, the mechanism of oxidative folding is best studied in Gram-negative bacteria. This process is catalysed by protein machinery residing in the periplasmic space of bacteria. The formation of disulfide bonds in a protein is made possible by two related pathways: an oxidative pathway, which is responsible for the formation of the disulfides, and an isomerization pathway that shuffles incorrectly formed disulfides.
Oxidative pathway
The oxidative pathway relies, just like the isomerization pathway, on a protein relay. The first member of this protein relay is a small periplasmic protein (21 kDa) called DsbA, which has two cysteine residues that must be oxidized for it to be active. When in its oxidized state, the protein is able to form disulfide bonds between cysteine residues in newly synthesized, and yet unfolded proteins by the transfer of its own disulfide bond onto the folding protein. After the transfer of this disulfide bond, DsbA is in a reduced state. For it to act catalytically again, it must be reoxidized. This is made possible by a 21 kDa inner membrane protein, called DsbB, which has two pairs of cysteine residues. A mixed disulfide is formed between
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HHD
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HHD may refer to:
Astro Hua Hee Dai, a Malaysian television channel
ATP2C1, a human enzyme
Hailey–Hailey disease, a genetic disorder
Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment in the United States Army
Helena Historic District (disambiguation), various places in the United States
Hiatus hernia diafragmatica, a medical condition
High Holy Days (band), a Canadian rock band
Hogshead (abbreviation: hhd), a barrel of liquid
Holyhead railway station, in Wales
Home hemodialysis, for treating kidney failure
Hybrid hard drive, a type of hard disk drive
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch%20conjugation
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This article explains the conjugation of Dutch verbs.
Classification of verbs
There are two different ways in which Dutch verbs can be grouped: by conjugational class and by derivation. These two categorizations describe different aspects of a verb's conjugation and therefore are complementary to each other.
By conjugational class
Dutch verbs can be grouped by their conjugational class, as follows:
Weak verbs: past tense and past participle formed with a dental suffix
Weak verbs with past in -de
Weak verbs with past in -te
Strong verbs: past tense formed by changing the vowel of the stem, past participle in -en
Class 1: pattern ij-ee-ee
Class 2: pattern ie-oo-oo or ui-oo-oo
Class 3: pattern i-o-o or e-o-o
Class 4: pattern ee-a/aa-oo
Class 5: pattern ee-a/aa-ee or i-a/aa-ee
Class 6: pattern aa-oe-aa
Class 7: pattern X-ie-X (specifically, oo-ie-oo, a-ie-a, a-i-a, ou-iel-ou, aa-ie-aa or oe-ie-oe)
Other strong verbs, which do not follow any of the above patterns
Mixed verbs
Weak past tense (-de or -te), but strong past participle (-en)
Strong past tense (vowel change), but weak past participle (-d or -t)
Irregular verbs: verbs that do not clearly conjugate as any of the above
Preterite-present verbs: verbs that originally had present tense forms identical to the past of a strong verb
Weak verbs with past in -cht
Other irregular verbs
By derivation
Another way to group verbs is by the type of derivation. The following can be distinguished:
Basic: underiv
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency%20band
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A frequency band is an interval in the frequency domain, delimited by a lower frequency and an upper frequency. The term may refer to a radio band (such as wireless communication standards set by the International Telecommunication Union) or an interval of some other spectrum.
The frequency range of a system is the range over which it is considered to provide satisfactory performance, such as a useful level of signal with acceptable distortion characteristics. A listing of the upper and lower limits of frequency limits for a system is not useful without a criterion for what the range represents.
Many systems are characterized by the range of frequencies to which they respond. For example:
Musical instruments produce different ranges of notes within the hearing range.
The electromagnetic spectrum can be divided into many different ranges such as visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation, radio waves, X-rays and so on, and each of these ranges can in turn be divided into smaller ranges.
A radio communications signal must occupy a range of frequencies carrying most of its energy, called its bandwidth. A frequency band may represent one communication channel or be subdivided into many. Allocation of radio frequency ranges to different uses is a major function of radio spectrum allocation.
See also
References
Signal processing
Telecommunication theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20Max%20%28video%20game%29
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Blue Max is a scrolling shooter written by Bob Polin for the Atari 8-bit family and published by Synapse Software in 1983. It was released for the Commodore 64 the same year. U.S. Gold published the Commodore 64 version in the UK in 1984 and ported the game to the ZX Spectrum. In 1987, Atari Corporation published Blue Max as a cartridge styled for the then-new Atari XEGS. The player controls a Sopwith Camel biplane during World War I, attempting to shoot down enemy planes and bomb targets on diagonally scrolling terrain. The game is named after the medal Pour le Mérite, informally known as Blue Max. Its theme song is "Rule, Britannia!".
In 1984, Synapse released a sequel, Blue Max 2001. While the original was well received, the sequel was considered disappointing.
Gameplay
The game opens with the player's aircraft parked on a runway while a rendition of "Rule, Britannia!" plays. After selecting control and difficulty options and pressing start, the screen shows the aircraft speeding down the runway. The player is required to push the joystick in order to take off, but not before the plane reaches a certain minimum speed. From then on the screen scrolls diagonally in the fashion of Zaxxon, using oblique projection to simulate three-dimensionality. The player can move left and right, forward and backward, or raise or lower their altitude with the joystick. The fire button shoots the machine guns continually, while pressing and moving the stick down at the same time causes a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAKM
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WAKM is an AM radio station in Franklin, Tennessee, broadcasting on a frequency of 950 kHz.
History
WAKM first signed on in March 1953, broadcasting from its studio facilities located on Mallory Station Road in Franklin. The station would remain at that location until July 28, 2017, when it moved to new studios on Main Street in the following week, on August 2, 2017.
Programming
WAKM primarily broadcasts a country music format.
WAKM is also noted for its coverage of NASCAR, which comes from both Motor Racing Network & Performance Racing Network.
The station is an affiliate of the Tennessee Titans radio network, carrying football games from the Nashville, Tennessee based NFL Football team, the Tennessee Titans.
WAKM also carries University of Tennessee Volunteers College Football & Men's Basketball games from the Vol Network.
Also since the stations sign on, WAKM has carried the longest running local traders post show titled "Trade Time Live", which airs every weekday at noon.
References
External links
AKM
Country radio stations in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choi%27s%20theorem%20on%20completely%20positive%20maps
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In mathematics, Choi's theorem on completely positive maps is a result that classifies completely positive maps between finite-dimensional (matrix) C*-algebras. An infinite-dimensional algebraic generalization of Choi's theorem is known as Belavkin's "Radon–Nikodym" theorem for completely positive maps.
Statement
Choi's theorem. Let be a linear map. The following are equivalent:
(i) is -positive (i.e. is positive whenever is positive).
(ii) The matrix with operator entries
is positive, where is the matrix with 1 in the -th entry and 0s elsewhere. (The matrix CΦ is sometimes called the Choi matrix of .)
(iii) is completely positive.
Proof
(i) implies (ii)
We observe that if
then E=E* and E2=nE, so E=n−1EE* which is positive. Therefore CΦ =(In ⊗ Φ)(E) is positive by the n-positivity of Φ.
(iii) implies (i)
This holds trivially.
(ii) implies (iii)
This mainly involves chasing the different ways of looking at Cnm×nm:
Let the eigenvector decomposition of CΦ be
where the vectors lie in Cnm . By assumption, each eigenvalue is non-negative so we can absorb the eigenvalues in the eigenvectors and redefine so that
The vector space Cnm can be viewed as the direct sum compatibly with the above identification
and the standard basis of Cn.
If Pk ∈ Cm × nm is projection onto the k-th copy of Cm, then Pk* ∈ Cnm×m is the inclusion of Cm as the k-th summand of the direct sum and
Now if the operators Vi ∈ Cm×n are defined on the k-th standard
basis vector ek of Cn by
th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitelline%20membrane
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The vitelline membrane or vitelline envelope is a structure surrounding the outer surface of the plasma membrane of an ovum (the oolemma) or, in some animals (e.g., birds), the extracellular yolk and the oolemma. It is composed mostly of protein fibers, with protein receptors needed for sperm binding which, in turn, are bound to sperm plasma membrane receptors. The species-specificity between these receptors contributes to prevention of breeding between different species.
It is called zona pellucida in mammals. Between the vitelline membrane and zona pellucida is a fluid-filled perivitelline space.
As soon as the spermatozoon fuses with the ovum, signal transduction occurs, resulting in an increase of cytoplasmic calcium ions. This itself triggers the cortical reaction, which results in depositing several substances onto the vitelline membrane through exocytosis of the cortical granules, transforming it into a hard layer called the “fertilization membrane”, which serves as a barrier inaccessible to other spermatozoa. This phenomenon is the slow block to polyspermy.
In insects, the vitelline membrane is called the vitelline envelope and is the inner lining of the chorion.
Structure and function
The vitelline membrane of the hen is made of two main protein layers that provide support for the yolk and separation from the albumen. The inner layer is known as the perivitelline lamina. It is a single layer that measures roughly 1 μm to 3.5 μm thick and is mainly composed of fiv
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorbitan%20monostearate
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Sorbitan monostearate is an ester of sorbitan (a sorbitol derivative) and stearic acid and is sometimes referred to as a synthetic wax.
Uses
Sorbitan monostearate is used in the manufacture of food and healthcare products as a non-ionic surfactant with emulsifying, dispersing, and wetting properties. It is also employed to create synthetic fibers, metal machining fluid, and as a brightener in the leather industry. Sorbitans are also known as "Spans".
Sorbitan monostearate has been approved by the European Union for use as a food additive (emulsifier) (E number: E 491). It is also approved for use by the British Pharmacopoeia.
See also
Polysorbate
Sorbitan tristearate (Span 65)
References
Food additives
Non-ionic surfactants
E-number additives
Stearate esters
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Container%20%28abstract%20data%20type%29
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In computer science, a container is a class or a data structure<ref>Paul E. Black (ed.), entry for data structure in Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures. US National Institute of Standards and Technology.15 December 2004. Accessed 4 Oct 2011.</ref> whose instances are collections of other objects. In other words, they store objects in an organized way that follows specific access rules.
The size of the container depends on the number of objects (elements) it contains. Underlying (inherited) implementations of various container types may vary in size, complexity and type of language, but in many cases they provide flexibility in choosing the right implementation for any given scenario.
Container data structures are commonly used in many types of programming languages.
Function and properties
Containers can be characterized by the following three properties:
access, that is the way of accessing the objects of the container. In the case of arrays, access is done with the array index. In the case of stacks, access is done according to the LIFO (last in, first out) order and in the case of queues it is done according to the FIFO (first in, first out) order;
storage, that is the way of storing the objects of the container;
traversal, that is the way of traversing the objects of the container.
Container classes are expected to implement CRUD-like methods to do the following:
create an empty container (constructor);
insert objects into the container;
delete objec
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruppel-like%20factors
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In molecular genetics, the Krüppel-like family of transcription factors (KLFs) are a set of eukaryotic C2H2 zinc finger DNA-binding proteins that regulate gene expression. This family has been expanded to also include the Sp transcription factor and related proteins, forming the Sp/KLF family.
Members
The following human genes encode Kruppel-like factors:
KLF1, KLF2, KLF3, KLF4, KLF5, KLF6, KLF7, KLF8, KLF9, KLF10, KLF11, KLF12, KLF13, KLF14, KLF15, KLF16, KLF17
The following genes are Sp factors:
Sp1, Sp2, Sp3, Sp4, Sp5, Sp6, Sp7, Sp8, and Sp9.
Note that although KLF14 was an alias for Sp6 (), it now refers to a protein () derived from KLF16 by a retrotransposon event.
Function and properties
KLF/Sps are a family of transcription factors that contain three carboxyl-terminal (C-terminal) C2H2-type zinc finger structural motifs that bind to the GC-rich regions in DNA and regulate various cellular functions, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as the development and homeostasis of several types of tissue. The C-terminal end binds to the promoter and enhancer regions of a gene. Each KLF also has a unique amino-terminal (N-terminal) end that acts as the functional domain that allows it to bind specifically to a certain partner. KLFs share the similar function of transcription regulation via the recruitment of regulatory proteins. These transcription factors have a conserved structural homology between mammalian species, which allow
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAPI
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AAPI may refer to:
Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (Asian Pacific Americans), an ethnic classification in the United States
American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin
Nazma Aapi (born 1999), the stage name of Indian comedian Saloni Gaur
See also
Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium (AAPIPRC)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann%20Schlichting
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Hermann Schlichting (22 September 1907 – 15 June 1982) was a German fluid dynamics engineer.
Life and work
Hermann Schlichting studied from 1926 till 1930 mathematics, physics and applied mechanics at the University of Jena, Vienne and Göttingen. In 1930 he wrote his PhD in Göttingen titled Über das ebene Windschattenproblem and also in the same year passed the state examination as teacher for higher mathematics and physics. His meeting with Ludwig Prandtl had a long-lasting effect on him. He worked from 1931 till 1935 at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Flow Research in Göttingen. His main research area was fluid flows with viscous effects. Simultaneously he also started working on airfoil aerodynamics. In 1935 Schlichting went to Dornier in Friedrichshafen. There he did the planning for the new wind tunnel and after short construction time took charge over it. With it he gained useful experience in the field of aerodynamics. At the age of 30 in 1937 he joined Technische Universität Braunschweig, where in 1938 he became a professor.
After joining in October 1937 Schlichting worked on setting up the Aerodynamic Institute at the Braunschweig-Waggum airport.
Some features of a boundary layer transitioning from a laminar to turbulent state has been named after him, the Tollmien–Schlichting waves.
Prof. Schlichting became an emeritus professor on 30 September 1975 at TU Braunschweig.
Achievements
1953 Medal "50th Anniversary of Powered Flight“ from National Aeronautical A
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sternum%20%28arthropod%20anatomy%29
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The sternum (pl. "sterna") is the ventral portion of a segment of an arthropod thorax or abdomen.
In insects, the sterna are usually single, large sclerites, and external. However, they can sometimes be divided in two or more, in which case the subunits are called sternites, and may also be modified on the terminal abdominal segments so as to form part of the functional genitalia, in which case they are frequently reduced in size and development, and may become internalized and/or membranous. For a detailed explanation of the terminology, see
Kinorhynchs have tergal and sternal plates too, though seemingly not homologous with those of arthropods.
Ventrites are externally visible sternites. Usually the first sternite is covered up, so that ventrite numbers do not correspond to sternite numbers.
The term is also used in other arthropod groups such as crustaceans, arachnids and myriapods. Sternites on the pleon (abdomen) of a crustacean may be referred to as pleonsternites. These are the sites of attachment of the pleopods (swimming legs). In spiders, the sternum is the ventral part of the cephalothorax.
See also
Tergite
References
Arthropod anatomy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierce%20oscillator
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The Pierce oscillator is a type of electronic oscillator particularly well-suited for use in piezoelectric crystal oscillator circuits. Named for its inventor, George W. Pierce (1872–1956), the Pierce oscillator is a derivative of the Colpitts oscillator. Virtually all digital IC clock oscillators are of Pierce type, as the circuit can be implemented using a minimum of components: a single digital inverter, one resistor, two capacitors, and the quartz crystal, which acts as a highly selective filter element. The low manufacturing cost of this circuit and the outstanding frequency stability of the quartz crystal give it an advantage over other designs in many consumer electronics applications.
Operation
If the circuit consists of perfect lossless components, the signal on C1 and C2 will be proportional to the impedance of each, and the ratio of the signal voltages at C1 and C2 will be C2/C1. With C1 and C2 equal size (a common configuration), the current in C1 to C2 would be exactly equal, but out of phase, requiring no current from the amplifier or voltage gain from the amplifier, and allowing a high output impedance amplifier, or the use of an isolating series resistance in the amplifier output. Normal crystals are lossless enough to make this a reasonable approximation: the amplifier does not drive the resonant circuit, but merely stays in sync with it, providing enough power to match losses.
A series resistor is occasionally shown in the amplifier output. When used,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpuscles%20of%20Herbst
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The corpuscles of Herbst or Herbst corpuscles are nerve-endings similar to the Pacinian corpuscle, found in the mucous membrane of the tongue, in pits on the beak and in other parts of the bodies of birds. They differ from Pacinian corpuscles in being smaller and more elongated, in having thinner and more closely placed capsules, and in that the axis-cylinder in the central clear space is encircled by a continuous row of nuclei. They are named after the German embryologist Curt Alfred Herbst.
In many wading birds, a large number of Herbst corpuscles are found embedded in pits on the mandible that are believed to enable birds to sense prey under wet sand or soil.
References
External links
Description at sciencedaily.com
Sensory receptors
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Creek%20%28British%20Columbia%29
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Big Creek is a roughly long tributary of British Columbia's Chilcotin River.
Its source is remote Lorna Lake, located deep in the midst of the Chilcotin Ranges, near the vertex of the boundaries of Big Creek Provincial Park, the valley of the Taseko River and Taseko Lakes, which lies to its west, and the Spruce Lake Protected Area to its south (aka the "South Chilcotin" even though it is in the Bridge River Country, part of the Lillooet region). Near Lorna Lake is a location known as Graveyard Valley, believed to be the site of the final battle of a 19th-century war between the Tsilhqot'in and St'at'imc peoples over control of the upper basin of the Bridge River, which lies over the mountains to the south of Big Creek. The Big Creek basin is the easternmost of three southern tributary basins of the Chilcotin, the others to its west being the Taseko River basin and, west of it, the Chilko River basin. The largest stream to its east is Churn Creek, whose headwater creeks share a divide with the Big Creek basin, and which drains directly to the Fraser River.
Only the uppermost reaches of Big Creek are in mountain country, however. About from its source the creek emerges onto the Chilcotin Plateau, which lines the lea of the Coast Mountains, and for most of its length it meanders across a mix of rangeland and subalpine forest and swamp.
References
Rivers of the Chilcotin
Lillooet Land District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUPS
|
MUPS may refer to:
Major urinary proteins
Medically unexplained physical symptoms
the Missing and Unidentified Persons Unit, part of the California Department of Justice
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five%20Black%20Categories
|
The "Five Black Categories" () were classifications of political identity defined during the period of the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) in the People's Republic of China by Mao Zedong, who ordained that people in these groups should be considered enemies of the Revolution.
The groups were:
Landlords ()
Rich farmers ()
Counter-revolutionaries ()
Bad influencers ["bad elements"] ()
Right-wingers ()
Conversely, Mao categorized groups of people, such as members of the Chinese Communist Party, poor farmers and low class workers, as Five Red Categories. This new Red/Black class distinction was used to create a status society.
Cultural Revolution
Starting from the "Red August" of 1966, people in the Five Black Categories were separated out for struggle sessions, humiliation, re-education, beating, and persecution. Many of them were killed by the Red Guards and others. Mao believed that victimizing these people, as well as other groups of citizens – such as teachers, educated intellectuals, and enemies of the Communist Party (cadres) – was a necessary component to initiate the changes in the Chinese culture that he desired. He believed that those who were victimized either deserved it or became better citizens as a result of it. In general, intellectuals were called the "Stinking Old Ninth". Effectively, within a few years, the education and medical infrastructure of China was completely destroyed.
According to a speech by Jiang Qing, who was his wife and Par
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-alumina%20solid%20electrolyte
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Beta-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) is a fast ion conductor material used as a membrane in several types of molten salt electrochemical cell. Currently there is no known substitute available. β-Alumina exhibits an unusual layered crystal structure which enables very fast ion transport. β-Alumina is not an isomorphic form of aluminium oxide (Al2O3), but a sodium polyaluminate. It is a hard polycrystalline ceramic, which, when prepared as an electrolyte, is complexed with a mobile ion, such as Na+, K+, Li+, Ag+, H+, Pb2+, Sr2+ or Ba2+ depending on the application. β-Alumina is a good conductor of its mobile ion yet allows no non-ionic (i.e., electronic) conductivity. The crystal structure of the β-alumina provides an essential rigid framework with channels along which the ionic species of the solid can migrate. Ion transport involves hopping from site to site along these channels. Since the 1970's this technology has been thoroughly developed, resulting in interesting applications. Its special characteristics on ion and electrical conductivity make this material extremely interesting in the field of energy storage.
Solid electrolyte
β-alumina is a solid electrolyte. Solid-state electrolytes are solids with high ionic conductivity, comparable to those of molten salts. Solid-state electrolytes have applications in electrical energy storage and various sensors. They can be used in supercapacitors, fuel cells and solid-state batteries, substituting liquid electrolytes used in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-quality%20feed%20block
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High-quality feed block or HQFB, is a solid block consisting of molasses, non-protein nitrogen (NPN), rumen by-pass protein (cassava hay), minerals and lipids. It is provided to livestock ruminants in a manner similar to a salt lick.
HQFB is used for ruminant feeding as a method of improving digestion and to help lactation, reproduction, and weight gain. More details can be searched from AJAS, Asia-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences.
Feed blocks are cost-effective food supplements that are used in preserving high moisture agro-industrial by-products. The general formula of feed blocks includes binders, a preservative, a mixture of ingredients that contain the desired nutrients (nitrogen, minerals, vitamins) and one of many energy rich agro-industrial by-products, such as molasses. The levels of these substances may vary, as well as the main component of the block, in different regions or countries. The main ingredient may vary from date pulp, rice bran and poultry waste in Iraq, tomato pulp and olive cake in Tunisia, brewery grains and olive cake in Jordan or molasses in Morocco. Feed blocks aid small scale farmers as conventional feed, such as barley grain or bran, are often expensive.
A major function of high-quality feed blocks is to promote microbial activity in ruminant animals, thus improving digestion of lower quality roughages or feed, such as low quality hays, straw, stubble, etc. High-quality feed blocks may also be treated with anthelmintic medicines for t
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