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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arron%20Fray
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Arron Fray (born 1 May 1987) is a footballer who plays as a defender for Glebe.
Fray was born in Bromley and came through the Crystal Palace academy, making a surprise debut for the club against Italian club Internazionale in July 2005, playing on the opposite side of defence to his natural position of right-back. During the 2005–06 season, he played two matches in the Football League Cup for Crystal Palace, against Walsall and Coventry City. Fray was released by Palace in 2008 without making a league appearance and he subsequently signed for Dagenham & Redbridge. Fray did not make a league appearance for them either, and was released in 2009. Fray then signed for non-league club Bromley. In 2011, Fray signed for Thurrock. He subsequently signed for Erith and Belvedere of the Southern Counties East Football League. Fray was playing for Glebe in the Southern Counties East Football League.
References
External links
Arron Fray player profile at cpfc.co.uk
Fray at holmesdale.net
1987 births
Living people
Men's association football defenders
English men's footballers
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Dagenham & Redbridge F.C. players
Bromley F.C. players
Thurrock F.C. players
Erith & Belvedere F.C. players
Glebe F.C. players
Southern Counties East Football League players
Footballers from Bromley
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNB
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TNB may stand for:
Trinitrobenzene, kinds of nitrated benzene-derivatives
Tacoma Narrows Bridge, Washington state, US
Throgs Neck Bridge, New York City, US
TNB frame (Tangent-Normal-Binormal), a mathematical coordinate system
Tenaga Nasional Berhad, an electricity company in Malaysia
National Theatre Bucharest (Teatrul Naţional "Ion Luca Caragiale" București)
The National Bank (Palestine)
Transthoracic needle biopsy, a type of lung biopsy
Tuas Naval Base, the second naval base of the Republic of Singapore Navy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posthomerica
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The Posthomerica (, translit. tà meth᾿ Hómēron; lit. "Things After Homer") is an epic poem in Greek hexameter verse by Quintus of Smyrna. Probably written in the 3rd century AD, it tells the story of the Trojan War, between the death of Hector and the fall of Ilium. The poem is an abridgement of the epic poems Aethiopis and Iliou Persis by Arctinus of Miletus and the Little Iliad by Lesches, all now-lost poems of the Epic Cycle.
The first four books, covering the same ground as the Aethiopis, describe the doughty deeds and deaths of Penthesileia the Amazon, of Memnon, son of the Morning, and of Achilles; and the funeral games in honour of Achilles. Books five through twelve, covering the same ground as the Little Iliad, span from the contest between Ajax and Odysseus for the arms of Achilles, the death of Ajax by suicide after his loss, the exploits of Neoptolemus, Eurypylus and Deiphobus, the deaths of Paris and Oenone, to the building of the wooden horse. The remaining books, covering the same ground as Iliou Persis, relate the capture of Troy by means of the wooden horse, the sacrifice of Polyxena at the grave of Achilles, the departure of the Greeks, and their dispersal by the storm.
Summary
The plot of Posthomerica begins where Homer's Iliad ends, immediately after Hector's body was regained by the Trojans. Penthesileia, a daughter of Ares, arrives at Troy with a group of Amazon warriors. They arrive from the Thermodon River. Penthesileia has come to share the hardshi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Probability%20Broach
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The Probability Broach is a 1979 science fiction novel by American writer L. Neil Smith.
It is set in an alternate history, the so-called "Gallatin Universe", where a libertarian society has formed on the North American continent, styled the North American Confederacy (NAC). This history was created when the Declaration of Independence has the word unanimous added to the preamble, to read that governments "derive their just power from the unanimous consent of the governed".
Plot summary
Edward William "Win" Bear is an Ute Indian who works for the Denver Police Department in a version of the United States in an alternate history of 1987 that is controlled by an anti-capitalist, ecofascist government complete with a new police force created in 1984 called the Federal Security Police (FSP, or "SecPol" as it is more commonly known) reminiscent of the Gestapo. Henry M. Jackson is president, citizens' freedoms are very limited, and many laws and regulations have been passed. Examples include hoarding precious metals, such as silver and gold, is illegal and due to strict gun control policies, only the police and citizens with federal permits are allowed to carry guns.
Bear is called to investigate the unusual murder of physicist Vaughn Meiss; he eventually finds himself projected into the North American Confederacy by means of the "Probability Broach", an inter-dimensional conduit originally developed as a means for interstellar travel in the North American Confederacy by a bott
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorna%20Fitzgerald
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Lorna Katie Fitzgerald (born 17 April 1996) is a British actress from Northampton. Her most notable role to date is that of Abi Branning in the BBC soap opera, EastEnders. Since leaving EastEnders in January 2018, Fitzgerald has developed her acting career on the stage and in movies.
Personal life
Fitzgerald started attending Stagecoach Drama Classes at the age of four. She has two older sisters and is a keen dancer. Fitzgerald also plays the guitar.
In November 2009, Fitzgerald was involved in a charity project in Northampton called Talking With Hands, a charity for people with hearing impairments and deafness. The project featured on ITV's Anglia News, alongside deaf actor Alex Nowak, and Fitzgerald helped with this project.
Career
Fitzgerald has appeared in the Casualty episode "Animals", and a short film called Big Girl, Little Girl. She also appeared in the ITV drama The Golden Hour, as well as playing Sarah Lancashire's daughter Jade Cannings in Cherished, and Young Bex in According to Bex. She has appeared in adverts for Childline and Nescafe.
After attending acting classes, Fitzgerald joined the Stagecoach Theatre Arts School in Stony Stratford, and Derngate Theatre School. Her agent put her forward for a role in BBC One soap opera EastEnders, and after attending three auditions she was cast as Abi Branning. She made her first appearance as Abi in July 2006. On 10 September 2017, it was announced that Fitzgerald would be leaving the role after almost 12 years, w
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20American%20Confederacy
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The North American Confederacy is an alternate history series of novels created by L. Neil Smith. The series begins with The Probability Broach and there are eight sequels. The stories take place in a fictional country of the same name.
Novels
By publication
The Probability Broach (1979)
The Venus Belt (1980)
Their Majesties' Bucketeers (1981)
The Nagasaki Vector (1983)
Tom Paine Maru (1984)
The Gallatin Divergence (1985)
Brightsuit MacBear (1988)
Taflak Lysandra (1989)
The American Zone (2001)
By chronology
The Probability Broach (1979)
The Nagasaki Vector (1983)
The American Zone (2001)
The Venus Belt (1980)
The Gallatin Divergence (1985)
Tom Paine Maru (1984)
Brightsuit MacBear (1988)
Taflak Lysandra (1989)
Their Majesties' Bucketeers (1981) takes place in the same universe, although none of the characters from the series appears in it.
History
The ostensible point of divergence leading to the North American Confederacy (NAC) is the addition of a single word in the preamble to the United States Declaration of Independence, wherein it states that governments "derive their just power from the unanimous consent of the governed." Inspired by this wording, Albert Gallatin intercedes in the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794 to the benefit of the farmers rather than the fledgling United States government as he does in real life. This results in the rebellion becoming a Second American Revolution, which ultimately leads to the overthrow of the government and the exe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slipped%20strand%20mispairing
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Slipped strand mispairing (SSM, also known as replication slippage) is a mutation process which occurs during DNA replication. It involves denaturation and displacement of the DNA strands, resulting in mispairing of the complementary bases. Slipped strand mispairing is one explanation for the origin and evolution of repetitive DNA sequences.
It is a form of mutation that leads to either a trinucleotide or dinucleotide expansion, or sometimes contraction, during DNA replication. A slippage event normally occurs when a sequence of repetitive nucleotides (tandem repeats) are found at the site of replication. Tandem repeats are unstable regions of the genome where frequent insertions and deletions of nucleotides can take place, resulting in genome rearrangements. DNA polymerase, the main enzyme to catalyze the polymerization of free deoxyribonucleotides into a newly forming DNA strand, plays a significant role in the occurrence of this mutation. When DNA polymerase encounters a direct repeat, it can undergo a replication slippage.
Strand slippage may also occur during the DNA synthesis step of DNA repair processes. Within DNA trinucleotide repeat sequences, the repair of DNA damage by the processes of homologous recombination, non-homologous end joining, DNA mismatch repair or base excision repair may involve strand slippage mispairing leading to trinucleotide repeat expansion when the repair is completed.
Slipped strand mispairing has also been shown to function as a phase
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Forests
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American Forests is a 501(c)(3) non-profit conservation organization, established in 1875, and dedicated to protecting and restoring healthy forest ecosystems. The current headquarters are in Washington, D.C.
Activities
The mission of American Forests is "Creating Healthy and Resilient Forests, from Cities to Wilderness, that Deliver Essential Benefits for Climate, People, Water and Wildlife." American Forests' activities comprise four separate program areas: rural forest restoration, equitable tree canopy in cites, the National Register of Champion Trees, and forest policy. In addition, the organization publishes a quarterly magazine.
Reforestation of Rural Forest Landscapes
Across North America, millions of acres of native forests have been lost or degraded by disasters like wildfires, pests, and disease, as well as human actions like mining, development, and widespread clearing for unsustainable practices. Forest restoration can bring native forests back — and all the natural benefits they provide society — while also creating green jobs.
Tree Equity for Under-served Communities
Through their Tree Equity program, American Forests is responding to this challenge by leading the move for Tree Equity in cities across America. They partner with city leaders and community groups (22 cities and counting) to develop science-based urban forestry programs to grow and maintain tree canopy in neighborhoods that have fallen behind. They advocate for and fund urban forestry, launch
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoothened
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Smoothened is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMO gene. Smoothened is a Class Frizzled (Class F) G protein-coupled receptor that is a component of the hedgehog signaling pathway and is conserved from flies to humans. It is the molecular target of the natural teratogen cyclopamine. It also is the target of vismodegib, the first hedgehog pathway inhibitor to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Smoothened (Smo) is a key transmembrane protein that is a key component of the hedgehog signaling pathway, a cell-cell communication system critical for embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Mutations in proteins that relay Hh signals between cells cause birth defects and cancer. The protein that carries the Hh signal across the membrane is the oncoprotein and G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo). Smo is regulated by a separate transmembrane receptor for Hh ligands called Patched (Ptc). Ptc itself is a tumor suppressor that keeps the Hh pathway off by inhibiting Smo. The excessive Hh signaling that drives human skin and brain cancer is most frequently caused by inactivating mutations in Ptc or by gain of function mutations in Smo. While direct Smo agonists and antagonists, such as SAG and vismodegib, can bind to and activate or inhibit Smo, how Ptc inhibits Smo endogenously remains a mystery in the field.
Currently, Smo is targeted and inhibited directly by a small-molecule drug, vismodegib, for the treatment of advanced bas
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie%20and%20Television%20Review%20and%20Classification%20Board
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The Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (; abbreviated as MTRCB) is a Philippine government agency under the Office of the President of the Philippines that is responsible for the classification and review of television programs, motion pictures and home videos.
Unlike other organizations worldwide (such as the BBFC), the Board does not rate video games. Thus, both the ESRB system used in the United States, and IARC system are the de facto rating systems used in the Philippines, although there have been attempts at formulating an independent local rating system. Certain video game vendors ask for a valid ID or any other verification to be able to buy M- and AO-rated games. The Board also does not rate literature.
The Movie and Television Review and Classification Board also serves as a de facto censorship body.
History
The MTRCB was initially created as the Board of Censors for Motion Pictures by virtue of Republic Act 3060 signed by President Carlos P. Garcia in 1961 and directly subordinate to the Office of the President. Over the years, its name and powers were changed and expanded by succeeding administrations. In 1980, as part of Executive Order No. 585 issued by President Ferdinand Marcos during the Martial Law , the Board was reconstituted to include senior officials of the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Education and Culture, the Ministry of National Defense, the Ministry of Public Information and the National Intelligence and Security Autho
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniqueness%20theorem%20for%20Poisson%27s%20equation
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The uniqueness theorem for Poisson's equation states that, for a large class of boundary conditions, the equation may have many solutions, but the gradient of every solution is the same. In the case of electrostatics, this means that there is a unique electric field derived from a potential function satisfying Poisson's equation under the boundary conditions.
Proof
The general expression for Poisson's equation in electrostatics is
where is the electric potential and is the charge distribution over some region with boundary surface .
The uniqueness of the solution can be proven for a large class of boundary conditions as follows.
Suppose that we claim to have two solutions of Poisson's equation. Let us call these two solutions and . Then
and
It follows that is a solution of Laplace's equation, which is a special case of Poisson's equation that equals to . Subtracting the two solutions above gives
By applying the vector differential identity we know that
However, from () we also know that throughout the region Consequently, the second term goes to zero and we find that
By taking the volume integral over the region , we find that
By applying the divergence theorem, we rewrite the expression above as
We now sequentially consider three distinct boundary conditions: a Dirichlet boundary condition, a Neumann boundary condition, and a mixed boundary condition.
First, we consider the case where Dirichlet boundary conditions are specified as on the boundary of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheobase
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Rheobase is a measure of membrane potential excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root rhe translates to "current or flow", and basi means "bottom or foundation": thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.
Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.
The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term rheobase. Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturatio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20CAD
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Technology computer-aided design (technology CAD or TCAD) is a branch of electronic design automation that models semiconductor fabrication and semiconductor device operation. The modeling of the fabrication is termed Process TCAD, while the modeling of the device operation is termed Device TCAD. Included are the modelling of process steps (such as diffusion and ion implantation), and modelling of the behavior of the electrical devices based on fundamental physics, such as the doping profiles of the devices. TCAD may also include the creation of compact models (such as the well known SPICE transistor models), which try to capture the electrical behavior of such devices but do not generally derive them from the underlying physics. SPICE simulator itself is usually considered as part of ECAD rather than TCAD.
Introduction
Technology files and design rules are essential building blocks of the integrated circuit design process. Their accuracy and robustness over process technology, its variability and the operating conditions of the IC — environmental, parasitic interactions and testing, including adverse conditions such as electro-static discharge — are critical in determining performance, yield and reliability. Development of these technology and design rule files involves an iterative process that crosses boundaries of technology and device development, product design and quality assurance. Modeling and simulation play a critical role in support of many aspects of this e
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evenkite
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Evenkite is a rare hydrocarbon mineral with formula C24H50; specifically, H3C–(CH2)22–CH3, the alkane n-tetracosane. It occurs as very soft (Mohs hardness 1) transparent crystals, colorless to yellow, with a waxy luster. The softness is a characteristic of crystalline long-chain alkanes, which are the main constituents of paraffin wax.
Evenkite one of very few minerals that consist of crystalline hydrocarbons, which include carpathite (pure crystalline coronene, a polyaromatic hydrocarbon). It is also one of the few non-porous minerals that floats on water. It has been claimed to be the same as hatchettite.
History and geologic occurrence
Evenkite was first described in 1953 by A. V. Shropyshev, as found in the Khavokiperskiye deposit, Lower Tunguska River, Evenkiysky District, Siberia, Russia, where it occurs inside geodes and vugs in a quartz vein in welded tuff. It was named after the district. It has also been reported from the Hautes-Alpes region in France and the Slanské and Vihorlat mountains of Slovakia.
Evenkite appears as flaky wax partials on top of the quartz crystals. Associated minerals include quartz, chalcedony, pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and calcite.
Evenkite was the last part of the geode to form. It is believed to have resulted from thermal cracking of the organic matter (manly marine plants) that where trapped in the septarian concretions during the Jurassic burial, as the buried sediments were subjected to high pressure a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronaxie
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Chronaxie is the minimum time required for an electric current double the strength of the rheobase to stimulate a muscle or a neuron. Rheobase is the lowest intensity with indefinite pulse duration which just stimulated muscles or nerves. Chronaxie is dependent on the density of voltage-gated sodium channels in the cell, which affect that cell’s excitability. Chronaxie varies across different types of tissue: fast-twitch muscles have a lower chronaxie, slow-twitch muscles have a higher one. Chronaxie is the tissue-excitability parameter that
permits choice of the optimum stimulus pulse duration for stimulation of any excitable tissue. Chronaxie (c) is the Lapicque descriptor of the stimulus pulse duration for a current
of twice rheobasic (b) strength, which is the threshold current
for an infinitely long-duration stimulus pulse. Lapicque showed
that these two quantities (c,b) define the strength-duration curve
for current: I = b(1+c/d), where d is the pulse duration.
However, there are two other electrical parameters used to
describe a stimulus: energy and charge. The minimum energy
occurs with a pulse duration equal to chronaxie. Minimum
charge (bc) occurs with an infinitely short-duration pulse.
Choice of a pulse duration equal to 10c requires a current of
only 10% above rheobase (b). Choice of a pulse duration of
0.1c requires a charge of 10% above the minimum charge (bc).
History
The terms chronaxie and rheobase were first coined in Louis Lapicque’s famous paper on Défin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single%20Cell%20Orchestra%20%28album%29
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Single Cell Orchestra is the self-titled second album of Single Cell Orchestra released in 1996.
Track listing
"A Better Place" – 7:08
"Start" – 5:44
"Letters From Nowhere" – 5:08
"Knockout Drops (200 Proof Mix)" – 8:15
"Divinity" – 5:20
"Kudowbuz" – 5:30
"The Slenderest of Threads" – 7:01
"Transmit Liberation" – 9:45
"Flight 2127" – 10:17
"Freefall" – 4:21
References
1996 albums
Single Cell Orchestra albums
Asphodel Records albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTR
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LTR or ltr may refer to:
Science and technology
Learning to rank, an algorithm used in the construction of ranking models for information retrieval systems
Litre (or liter), a metric unit of volume
Load task register, a computing instruction
Logic Trunked Radio, a computer-controlled analog trunking radio system
Long terminal repeat, a DNA sequence found in retroviruses and retrotransposons
Other uses
Left to right, a group of writing systems
Letter (paper size)
Model 700P Light Tactical Rifle, a rifle manufactured by Remington Arms
London Turkish Radio
Long-term relationship
See also
"Left to Right", a short story by Isaac Asimov
Left-to-right mark, a typesetting control character.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Peak%20%28Tenmile%20Range%29
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Crystal Peak is a high mountain summit in the Tenmile Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The thirteener is in White River National Forest, southwest (bearing 220°) of the Town of Breckenridge in Summit County, Colorado, United States.
Approach routes
Most climbers approach Crystal Peak from the east, in particular via the Crystal Lakes basin. This approach, a pleasant hike, follows jeep trails until treeline and Lower Crystal Lake. Four-wheel-drive vehicles can generally make it this far. A trail on the lake's north side takes climbers to Upper Crystal Lake, where gentle scree slopes provide access to the ridges north of the summit.
Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification system, the mountain is located in an alpine subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers. Due to its altitude, it receives precipitation all year, as snow in winter, and as thunderstorms in summer, with a dry period in late spring.
See also
List of Colorado mountain ranges
List of Colorado mountain summits
List of Colorado fourteeners
List of Colorado 4000 meter prominent summits
List of the most prominent summits of Colorado
List of Colorado county high points
References
External links
Mountains of Colorado
Mountains of Summit County, Colorado
Arapaho National Forest
North American 4000 m summits
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural%20stem%20cell
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Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-renewing, multipotent cells that firstly generate the radial glial progenitor cells that generate the neurons and glia of the nervous system of all animals during embryonic development. Some neural progenitor stem cells persist in highly restricted regions in the adult vertebrate brain and continue to produce neurons throughout life. Differences in the size of the central nervous system are among the most important distinctions between the species and thus mutations in the genes that regulate the size of the neural stem cell compartment are among the most important drivers of vertebrate evolution.
Stem cells are characterized by their capacity to differentiate into multiple cell types. They undergo symmetric or asymmetric cell division into two daughter cells. In symmetric cell division, both daughter cells are also stem cells. In asymmetric division, a stem cell produces one stem cell and one specialized cell. NSCs primarily differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes.
Brain location
In the adult mammalian brain, the subgranular zone in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, the subventricular zone around the lateral ventricles, and the hypothalamus (precisely in the dorsal α1, α2 region and the "hypothalamic proliferative region”, located in the adjacent median eminence) have been reported to contain neural stem cells.
Development
In vivo origin
There are two basic types of stem cell: adult stem cells, which are limited in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cianorte
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Cianorte is a municipality in the state of Paraná in Brazil, with an estimated population of 83,816, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics in 2020.
History
The city was planned as a "garden city" and founded by the Company for the Improvement of the North of Paraná (Companhia Melhoramentos Norte do Paraná), a British company for which it was named. In the beginning of the 20th century the region was dominated by a subtropical forest and totally wild, except for the Road of Peabiru, used by the Portuguese to connect the Guaira region, further west, to the coast. The road existed from the 17th century, but the first reported contact with the natives of the region, the Xetas, was in the 1930s. The Xetas, a group of three or four hundred, had their own language, and were early Iron Age in culture. The group vanished after they were contacted by the British in controversial and unexplained circumstances.
In the 1940s the English company drew the city plan and split the region into very small farms. At this time, the city was redivided and part of the city and the areas around were sold to immigrants, mainly Italian-Brazilians and Japanese-Brazilians of second or third generation from São Paulo. Those immigrants were primarily poor ordinary workers in the huge coffee farms of São Paulo, and perceived the inexpensive land in Cianorte as their big opportunity in life. They built houses and schools, temples and businesses. The city become a municipality,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinylsilane
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Vinylsilane refers to an organosilicon compound with chemical formula CH2=CHSiH3. It is a derivative of silane (SiH4). The compound, which is a colorless gas, is mainly of theoretical interest.
Substituted vinylsilanes
More commonly used than the parent vinylsilane are vinyl-substituted silanes with other substituents on silicon. In the area of organic synthesis, vinylsilanes are useful intermediates.
In the area of polymer chemistry and materials science, vinyltrimethoxysilane or vinyltriethoxysilane serve as monomers and coupling agents.
Preparation
Vinylsilanes are often prepared by hydrosilylation of alkynes. They can be made by the reaction of alkenyl lithium and Grignard reagents with chlorosilanes. In some cases dehydrogenative silylation is another method.
References
Carbosilanes
Monomers
Vinyl compounds
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucey%E2%80%93Driscoll%20syndrome
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Lucey–Driscoll syndrome is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder affecting enzymes involved in bilirubin metabolism. It is one of several disorders classified as a transient familial neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
Signs and symptoms
Cause
The common cause is congenital, but it can also be caused by maternal steroids passed on through breast milk to the newborn. It is different from breast feeding-associated jaundice (breast-fed infants have higher bilirubin levels than formula-fed ones).
Genetics
A defect in the UGT1A1-gene, also linked to Crigler–Najjar syndrome and Gilbert's syndrome, is responsible for the congenital form of Lucey–Driscoll syndrome.
Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment is as per neonatal jaundice, and includes phototherapy and exchange transfusions. If left untreated, Lucey-Driscoll syndrome may lead to seizures, kernicterus, and even death.
Once treated, most patients will have no additional complications.
References
External links
- transient familial neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, breast feeding jaundice included
Hepatology
Autosomal recessive disorders
Syndromes
Heme metabolism disorders
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Albert%20Necker
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Louis Albert Necker de Saussure FRSE MWS FGS (10 April 1786 – 20 November 1861) was a Swiss crystallographer and geographer.
He is best remembered for devising the optical illusion now known as the Necker cube.
Life
He was born in the Republic of Geneva, the son of botanist Professor Jacques Necker, nephew and namesake of statesman Jacques Necker, and Albertine Necker de Saussure.
He was educated in Geneva, then sent to Edinburgh University in Scotland to study Sciences from 1806 to 1808.
He returned to Scotland in 1841 and settled on the Isle of Skye, lodging with the Cameron family at Bosville Terrace in Portree. His scientific interests turned to astronomy and a study of the aurora borealis. In 1843 and 1845, he was joined by his friend, James Forbes, a glaciologist. Together, they made the first accurate map of the Cuillins.
He spent his later life mountaineering and collecting ornithological specimens. He died in Portree on 20 November 1861. He is buried next to the Cameron family in the Portree churchyard.
Works
Mémoire sur les oiseaux des environs de Genève, Genève : Chez J.J. Paschoud, 1823.
Voyage en Écosse et aux Iles Hébrides. Genève, Paris, J.J. Paschoud, 1821.
Memoire sur la vallée de Valorsine, Genève : J. Barbezat et comp., 1828.
Mémoire sur le Mont Somma. Genève. : Barbezat et Delarue. 1828.
Le règne minéral ramené aux méthodes de l'histoire naturelle, Paris : Levrault, 1835.
Études géologiques dans les Alpes, Paris : Pitois : Langlois et Lecler
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft%20FlexGo
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FlexGo was a technology developed by Microsoft to enable users to pay for using a full-featured personal computer based on the amount of time it used for, similar to pay as you go for cell phones. Another method of payment was a monthly subscription. It was introduced on May 21, 2006. IBM and other corporations were also adapting similar business models to expand into new markets. Microsoft began offering a Windows Vista based version of FlexGo in 2008.
FlexGo had two computing models, a pay-as-you-go model, and a subscription based model. Users would get full access to their PC once they paid. The PC would inform users as their time ran out, and would lock the user out if they did not pay to extend their time.
Goals
FlexGo's main target audience was those in third world countries or people with unsteady income. It had been featured under a topic on Leo Laporte's This Week in Tech, Episode 57 "Vloggercon".
Microsoft wanted to give people the opportunity to buy their very first computer using FlexGo, and pay for only the time they would use it. Microsoft also planned to team up with telecommunication companies to allow internet access to become a pay as you go feature. The main targeted areas for FlexGo are India, Hungary, Vietnam, Slovenia, and Brazil.
References
External links
FlexGo Technology
Microsoft Original License
Microsoft Pitches Pay-as-you-go PCs
Microsoft Brings Vista To Developing World PCs
Microsoft initiatives
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme%20induction%20and%20inhibition
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Enzyme induction is a process in which a molecule (e.g. a drug) induces (i.e. initiates or enhances) the expression of an enzyme.
Enzyme inhibition can refer to
the inhibition of the expression of the enzyme by another molecule
interference at the enzyme-level, basically with how the enzyme works. This can be competitive inhibition, uncompetitive inhibition, non-competitive inhibition or partially competitive inhibition.
If the molecule induces enzymes that are responsible for its own metabolism, this is called auto-induction (or auto-inhibition if there is inhibition). These processes are particular forms of gene expression regulation.
These terms are of particular interest to pharmacology, and more specifically to drug metabolism and drug interactions. They also apply to molecular biology.
History
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the French molecular biologists François Jacob and Jacques Monod became the first to explain enzyme induction, in the context of the lac operon of Escherichia coli. In the absence of lactose, the constitutively expressed lac repressor protein binds to the operator region of the DNA and prevents the transcription of the operon genes. When present, lactose binds to the lac repressor, causing it to separate from the DNA and thereby enabling transcription to occur. Monod and Jacob generated this theory following 15 years of work by them and others (including Joshua Lederberg), partially as an explanation for Monod's observation of diauxie. Pre
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Tennyson%20Swingle
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Walter Tennyson Swingle (January 8, 1871 – January 19, 1952) was an American agricultural botanist who contributed greatly to the classification and taxonomy of citrus.
Biography
Swingle was born in Canaan, Pennsylvania, and moved with his family to Kansas two years later.
He graduated from the Kansas State Agricultural College in 1890, and studied at the University of Bonn in 1895–96 and 1898.
Swingle married Lucie Romstaedt in 1901; she died in 1910. He married Maude Kellerman, daughter of William Ashbrook Kellerman, in 1915 and they had four children. He died in Washington, D.C., on January 19, 1952.
In 1927, botanist Elmer Drew Merrill published Swinglea, which is a genus of flowering plants from the Philippines, belonging to the family Rutaceae and named in Walter Tennyson Swingle's honor.
Contribution to US agricultural industry
Swingle worked at the United States Department of Agriculture (1891), investigated subtropic fruits, established laboratories in Florida, became an agricultural explorer, and (after 1902) had charge of crop physiology and breeding investigations. He developed the tangelo citrus hybrid in 1897 in Eustis, Florida.
He made several visits to the Mediterranean countries of Europe, to North Africa, and to Asia Minor, from where he introduced the date palm, pistachio nut and other useful plants, as well as the fig wasp, to make possible the cultivation of Smyrna figs in California.
Swingle also traveled to Asia, bringing back 100,000 Chinese v
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse%20Gaussian%20distribution
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In probability theory, the inverse Gaussian distribution (also known as the Wald distribution) is a two-parameter family of continuous probability distributions with support on (0,∞).
Its probability density function is given by
for x > 0, where is the mean and is the shape parameter.
The inverse Gaussian distribution has several properties analogous to a Gaussian distribution. The name can be misleading: it is an "inverse" only in that, while the Gaussian describes a Brownian motion's level at a fixed time, the inverse Gaussian describes the distribution of the time a Brownian motion with positive drift takes to reach a fixed positive level.
Its cumulant generating function (logarithm of the characteristic function) is the inverse of the cumulant generating function of a Gaussian random variable.
To indicate that a random variable X is inverse Gaussian-distributed with mean μ and shape parameter λ we write .
Properties
Single parameter form
The probability density function (pdf) of the inverse Gaussian distribution has a single parameter form given by
In this form, the mean and variance of the distribution are equal,
Also, the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of the single parameter inverse Gaussian distribution is related to the standard normal distribution by
where , and the is the cdf of standard normal distribution. The variables and are related to each other by the identity
In the single parameter form, the MGF simplifies to
An inverse Gau
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile%20%28disambiguation%29
|
Bile is a greenish-yellow alkaline fluid secreted from the liver of most vertebrates.
Bile may also refer to:
People
Abdi Bile (born 1962), Somali middle-distance runner
Mingo Bile (born 1987), Angolan footballer
Moni Bilé, Cameroonian musician
Pastor Micha Ondó Bile (born 1952), Equatorial Guinean cabinet minister and ambassador
William I of Bimbia (birthname Bile), 19th century Cameroonian ruler
Places
Bile River, Guam
Birecik, Turkey, a city called Bile during the Crusades
Bile, Luhansk Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine
Bile, Odesa Oblast, the only village on Snake Island in Ukraine
Lake Bile, a lake in the Odesa Oblast in Ukraine
Other uses
Belenus, a god of Celtic mythology
Bile (Irish legend), a legendary ancestor of the Irish people
Bile (band), a New York industrial metal band
Bile language, a Southern Bantoid Jarawan language of Nigeria
Black bile, a humor in ancient and pre-modern medicine
Yellow bile, a humor in ancient and pre-modern medicine
Birmingham Laptop Ensemble (BiLE)
See also
Biles, a surname
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel%2016
|
Channel 16 may refer to:
Channel 16 (Bangladeshi TV channel), a defunct music entertainment television channel in Bangladesh
Channel 16 VHF, a radio frequency on the marine VHF radio band
Canada
The following television stations broadcast on digital or analog channel 16 (UHF frequencies covering 482-488 MHz) in Canada:
CHBC-TV-5 in Enderby, British Columbia
CHWI-DT in Windsor, Ontario
The following television stations operate on virtual channel 16 in Canada:
CFKM-DT in Trois-Rivières, Quebec
CHWI-DT in Windsor, Ontario
Mexico
The following stations broadcast on virtual channel 16 in Mexico:
Sistema Michoacano de Radio y Televisión in the state of Michoacán
SET Televisión in the state of Puebla
XETV-TDT (Nu9ve subchannel) in Tijuana, Baja California
See also
Channel 16 TV stations in Mexico
Channel 16 branded TV stations in the United States
Channel 16 digital TV stations in the United States
Channel 16 low-power TV stations in the United States
Channel 16 virtual TV stations in the United States
16
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical%20modular%20curve
|
In number theory, the classical modular curve is an irreducible plane algebraic curve given by an equation
,
such that is a point on the curve. Here denotes the -invariant.
The curve is sometimes called , though often that notation is used for the abstract algebraic curve for which there exist various models. A related object is the classical modular polynomial, a polynomial in one variable defined as .
It is important to note that the classical modular curves are part of the larger theory of modular curves. In particular it has another expression as a compactified quotient of the complex upper half-plane .
Geometry of the modular curve
The classical modular curve, which we will call , is of degree greater than or equal to when , with equality if and only if is a prime. The polynomial has integer coefficients, and hence is defined over every field. However, the coefficients are sufficiently large that computational work with the curve can be difficult. As a polynomial in with coefficients in , it has degree , where is the Dedekind psi function. Since , is symmetrical around the line , and has singular points at the repeated roots of the classical modular polynomial, where it crosses itself in the complex plane. These are not the only singularities, and in particular when , there are two singularities at infinity, where and , which have only one branch and hence have a knot invariant which is a true knot, and not just a link.
Parametrization of the modular cu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frey%20curve
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In mathematics, a Frey curve or Frey–Hellegouarch curve is the elliptic curve
associated with a (hypothetical) solution of Fermat's equation
The curve is named after Gerhard Frey and (sometimes) .
History
came up with the idea of associating solutions of Fermat's equation with a completely different mathematical object: an elliptic curve.
If ℓ is an odd prime and a, b, and c are positive integers such that
then a corresponding Frey curve is an algebraic curve given by the equation
or, equivalently
This is a nonsingular algebraic curve of genus one defined over Q, and its projective completion is an elliptic curve over Q.
called attention to the unusual properties of the same curve as Hellegouarch, which became called a Frey curve. This provided a bridge between Fermat and Taniyama by showing that a counterexample to Fermat's Last Theorem would create such a curve that would not be modular. The conjecture attracted considerable interest when suggested that the Taniyama–Shimura–Weil conjecture implies Fermat's Last Theorem. However, his argument was not complete. In 1985, Jean-Pierre Serre proposed that a Frey curve could not be modular and provided a partial proof of this. This showed that a proof of the semistable case of the Taniyama–Shimura conjecture would imply Fermat's Last Theorem. Serre did not provide a complete proof and what was missing became known as the epsilon conjecture or ε-conjecture. In the summer of 1986, Ribet (1990) proved the epsilon conject
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20mountains%20in%20Montenegro
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This is a list of mountains in Montenegro.
List of mountains
Bijela gora
Bioč
Bjelasica
Bolj
Bogićevica
Crna planina
Durmitor
Golija
Gradina
Hajla
Ključ
Komovi
Kovač
Lisa
Lisac
Lovćen
Lola
Lukavica
Lebršnik
Ljubišnja
Maganik
Maglić
Mokra Gora
Mokra planina
Možura
Njegoš
Ostroška Greda
Obzir
Orjen
Prekornica
Pivska planina
Accursed Mountains
Rumija
Sinjavina
Somina
Stožac
Visitor
Vojnik
Volujak
Vučje
Vrmac
Zeletin
Žijevo
Žljeb
Žurim
Mountain peaks over 2,000 m
See also
Geography of Montenegro
References
Montenegro
Mountains
Montenegro
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perilipin-1
|
Perilipin, also known as lipid droplet-associated protein, perilipin 1, or PLIN, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the PLIN gene. The perilipins are a family of proteins that associate with the surface of lipid droplets. Phosphorylation of perilipin is essential for the mobilization of fats in adipose tissue.
Perilipin family of proteins
Perilipin is part of a gene family with six currently-known members. In vertebrates, closely related genes include adipophilin (also known as adipose differentiation-related protein or Perilipin 2), TIP47 (Perilipin 3), Perilipin 4 and Perilipin 5 (also called MLDP, LSDP5, or OXPAT). Insects express related proteins, LSD1 and LSD2, in fat bodies. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae expresses PLN1 (formerly PET10), that stabilizes lipid droplets and aids in their assembly.
Evolution
The perilipins are considered to have their origins in a common ancestral gene which, during the first and second vertebrate genome duplication, gave rise to six types of PLIN genes.
Composition and structure
Human perilipin
Human perilipin-1 is composed by 522 amino acids, which add up to a molecular mass of 55.990 kDa. It presents an estimated number of 15 phosphorylation sites (residues 81, 85, 126, 130, 132, 137, 174, 299, 301, 382, 384, 408, 436, 497, 499 and 522) from which 3 -those in bold- have been suggested to be relevant for stimulated-lipolysis through PKA phosphorylation - they correspond respectively to PKA Phosphorylation sites 1, 5
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthochromia
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Xanthochromia, from the Greek xanthos (ξανθός) "yellow" and chroma (χρώμα) "colour", is the yellowish appearance of cerebrospinal fluid that occurs several hours after bleeding into the subarachnoid space caused by certain medical conditions, most commonly subarachnoid hemorrhage. Its presence can be determined by either spectrophotometry (measuring the absorption of particular wavelengths of light) or simple visual examination. It is unclear which method is superior.
Physiology
Cerebrospinal fluid, which fills the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater surrounding the brain, is normally clear and colorless. When there has been bleeding into the subarachnoid space, the initial appearance of the cerebrospinal fluid can range from barely tinged with blood to frankly bloody, depending on the extent of bleeding. Within several hours, the red blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid are destroyed, releasing their oxygen-carrying molecule heme, which is then metabolized by enzymes to bilirubin, a yellow pigment. The most common cause for bleeding into the subarachnoid space is a subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm.
The most frequently employed initial test for subarachnoid hemorrhage is a computed tomography scan of the head, but it detects only 98% of cases in the first 12 hours after the onset of symptoms, and becomes less useful afterwards. Therefore, a lumbar puncture ("spinal tap") is recommended to obtain cerebrospinal fluid
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioesterase
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In biochemistry, thioesterases are enzymes which belong to the esterase family. Esterases, in turn, are one type of the several hydrolases known.
Thioesterases exhibit esterase activity (splitting of an ester into an acid and an alcohol, in the presence of water) specifically at a thiol group ().
Thioesterases or thiolester hydrolases are identified as members of EC 3.1.2.
Family
The thioesterase activity is performed by members of the acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) family. The regulatory role of ACOT in fatty acid metabolism depends on their substrate specificity, tissue expression and subcellular localization. For example, deactivation of fatty acids at the ER may traffic fatty acids away from pathways associated with the ER membrane, such as glycerolipid biosynthesis. Two structurally different ACOT types lead to a similar enzymatic activity in vitro, dividing the family into type I and type II ACOTs.
Type I ACOTs (ACOT1–6) contain the α/β-hydrolase domain, which is also present in many lipases and esterases .
Type II ACOTs (ACOT7–15) have a characteristic structural motif called the ‘Hotdog fold’ domain .
Examples
Acetyl-CoA hydrolase, palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase, succinyl-CoA hydrolase, formyl-CoA hydrolase, acyl-CoA hydrolase are a few examples of this group of enzymes.
Ubiquitin thiolesterase is a well-known example, whose structure has been analyzed.
Humans genes which encode thioesterases include:
ACOT1, ACOT2, ACOT4, ACOT6, ACOT7, ACOT8, ACOT9, ACOT11 (STARD14),
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic%20field%20solver
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Electromagnetic field solvers (or sometimes just field solvers) are specialized programs that solve (a subset of) Maxwell's equations directly. They form a part of the field of electronic design automation, or EDA, and are commonly used in the design of integrated circuits and printed circuit boards. They are used when a solution from first principles or the highest accuracy is required.
Introduction
The extraction of parasitic circuit models is essential for various aspects of physical verification such as timing, signal integrity, substrate coupling, and power grid analysis. As circuit speeds and densities have increased, the need has grown to account accurately for parasitic effects for more extensive and more complicated interconnect structures. In addition, the electromagnetic complexity has grown as well, from resistance and capacitance to inductance, and now even full electromagnetic wave propagation. This increase in complexity has also grown for the analysis of passive devices such as integrated inductors. Electromagnetic behavior is governed by Maxwell's equations, and all parasitic extraction requires solving some form of Maxwell's equations. That form may be a simple analytic parallel plate capacitance equation or may involve a full numerical solution for a complex 3D geometry with wave propagation. In layout extraction, analytic formulas for simple or simplified geometry can be used where accuracy is less important than speed. Still, when the geometric configu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20urban%20areas%20in%20the%20Republic%20of%20Ireland%20for%20the%202011%20census
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The following table gives all the urban areas in Ireland listed in the Central Statistics Office (CSO) report of the 2011 census. This includes cities, boroughs, and towns with local government councils, and other places identified by the CSO with at least 50 occupied dwellings. Census towns are required to have a local area plan if they have a population over 5,000, and are permitted to have one with a population over 1,500.
Explanation of table
Table
Notes
References
Central Statistics Office, 2012 Census 2011 Population Classified by Area (Formerly Volume One)
See also
List of cities, boroughs and towns in the Republic of Ireland details of municipal towns with councils, distinguishing administrative, electoral, and suburban populations
Cenus towns
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncomodulin
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Oncomodulin is a parvalbumin-family calcium-binding protein expressed and secreted by macrophages (that typically traffic to tissue as an inflammatory response or after injury).
Oncomodulin is present in the eye. It is small, acidic, has a high calcium-binding activity, and consists of 108 amino acid residues. It is released by macrophages in the vitreous and the retina to promote nerve regeneration in the eye. This regeneration can be done in response to inflammation in the eye and promote regrowth in the eye to repair retinal injury. The regeneration effects of oncomodulin outcompetes other neurotrophic factors like BDNF, CNTF, and GDNF. When added to retinal nerve cells in a petri dish with no other growth factors present, oncomodulin has been shown to promote neuron regrowth at 5-7 times the normal rate.
Oncomodulin has been found in cytotrophoblasts of human and rat placenta and in the early stages of embryos. In vivo, oncomodulin promotes regeneration of the optic nerve in rats. It has also been found in different types of human and rodent tumors. However, it has never been found in healthy human or rat tissues.
To date, it has been found in the central nervous system in inner ear hair cells and retinal ganglion cells. Oncomodulin promotes axon regeneration in retinal ganglion cells and maintains functioning in mouse cochlear hair cells.
Structure
Oncomodulin is highly conserved across vertebrate evolution (NCBI database). It is a smaller calcium-binding protein (
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Planck%20Institute%20of%20Molecular%20Cell%20Biology%20and%20Genetics
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The Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG) is a biology research institute located in Dresden, Germany. It was founded in 1998 and was fully operational in 2001. Research groups in the institute work in molecular biology, cell biology, developmental biology, biophysics, and systems biology supported by various facilities.
Research
The research theme of research at MPI-CBG lies in the fundamental scientific questions pertaining to organisation of biology at various scales: How do biomolecules organize in a functioning cell? How do cells form tissues? and How do tissues form organisms? The research in the institute encompasses many topics from molecular, cellular, and developmental biology as well as from biophysics. An incomplete list of individual topics follows: phase separation, neural development, cell division, lipid rafts, endocytosis, embryogenesis, regeneration, tissue and organoid development.
Organisation
The MPI-CBG is headed by five tenured directors or group leaders – Anthony Hyman (UK) as managing director, Marino Zerial (Italy), Anne Grapin-Botton (France), Stephan Grill (Germany), Eugene Myers (US), – and a chief operating officer (Ivan Baines). Together with the directors' groups, 23 independent research groups led by untenured principal investigators and about 21 facilities make up the work force of the institute. In total, the institute employs around 550 people of whom about half are not German. The flat organisation an
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson%20random%20measure
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Let be some measure space with -finite measure . The Poisson random measure with intensity measure is a family of random variables defined on some probability space such that
i) is a Poisson random variable with rate .
ii) If sets don't intersect then the corresponding random variables from i) are mutually independent.
iii) is a measure on
Existence
If then satisfies the conditions i)–iii). Otherwise, in the case of finite measure , given , a Poisson random variable with rate , and , mutually independent random variables with distribution , define where is a degenerate measure located in . Then will be a Poisson random measure. In the case is not finite the measure can be obtained from the measures constructed above on parts of where is finite.
Applications
This kind of random measure is often used when describing jumps of stochastic processes, in particular in Lévy–Itō decomposition of the Lévy processes.
Generalizations
The Poisson random measure generalizes to the Poisson-type random measures, where members of the PT family are invariant under restriction to a subspace.
References
Statistical randomness
Poisson point processes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEIC
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HEIC may refer to:
.heic, filename extension for High Efficiency Image File Format images encoded with High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC, ITU-T H.265)
HEI-C and HEIC, aliases for CCDC5 protein
Honourable East India Company
Hubble European Space Agency Information Centre
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley%20Green
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Stanley Owen Green (22 February 1915 – 4 December 1993), known as the Protein Man, was a human billboard in central London in the latter half of the 20th century. One writer called him "the most famous non-famous person in London". According to Lynne Truss, Green became such a ubiquitous figure in and around Oxford Street in the West End that he was "present in every black-and-white picture of London crowds that one has ever seen".
For 25 years, from 1968 until 1993, Green patrolled Oxford Street with a placard recommending "protein wisdom", a low-protein diet that he said would dampen the libido and make people kinder. His 14-page self-published pamphlet, Eight Passion Proteins with Care went through 84 editions and sold 87,000 copies over 20 years.
Green's "campaigning for the suppression of desire", as one writer described it, was not always popular, but Londoners developed an affection for him. The Sunday Times interviewed him in 1985, and the fashion house Red or Dead used his "less passion from less protein" slogan in one of its collections. When he died aged 78, the Daily Telegraph, The Guardian and The Times all published obituaries, and the Museum of London acquired his pamphlets and placards. In 2006 his biography was included in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Early life
Green was born in Harringay, north London, the youngest of four boys to May Green and her husband, Richard Green, a clerk for a bottle stopper manufacturer. After attending Wood Gre
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deck%20optimization
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The term deck optimization (or deck tuning) refers to iteratively improving a play deck in a collectible card game. This is usually done through test or trial play sessions, during which the deck's performance is evaluated. After observation and consideration, changes are made to the deck, and its new performance can then be judged. This cycle can be repeated as needed.
Key considerations
When adjusting the cards in a deck, the following items should be considered:
Efficiency – How effectively can cards be played and utilized? Does the deck take longer to achieve a victory condition than it should? Is it slow at the beginning of a game, or weak near the end of a game?
Enjoyment – Is the deck entertaining and fun to play, or is it boring and tedious? While this is much less of a concern for tournament decks, casual decks, which will be played frequently, should probably be enjoyable to use.
Strategy – Does the deck have a strategy for winning? Are all of the cards in the deck contributing to this strategy (or an alternate strategy), or are there cards that do not in fact do so?
Weaknesses – Does the deck have a fatal flaw when used against other decks of certain types? Is there a way to compensate for this weakness by changing a relatively small number of cards?
Optimization methods
While players can completely re-design a play deck, most optimizations involve relatively minor changes to the deck. This typically involves selecting a card (of which multiple copi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLIC
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CLIC or Clic can refer to:
Science and Technology
Chloride intracellular channel (a type of chloride channel, e.g. CLIC1)
Clathrin-independent carrier (a subtype of endocytic membrane)
Compact Linear Collider, a proposed particle accelerator at CERN
Music
Clic (album) an album by Italian experimental musician Franco Battiatio
Other
S4C Clic, a video on demand service from Welsh broadcaster S4C
CLIC Sargent (now Young Lives vs Cancer), a cancer charity in the United Kingdom
Cluster LInux pour le Calcul, is a special version of Mandrakelinux for computer clusters
CLiC (Colectivo de Livecoders), a livecoding collective from Argentina
Community Leadership Independence Coalition, a party formed by Peter Lewis in the 2002 South Australian legislative election
Company Level Intelligence Cell, a group of infantry Marines who form a small intelligence unit
Cooperating Libraries in Consortium, a non-profit consortium of the libraries of eight private colleges and universities in Minneapolis–Saint Paul
Programs organized by the Cumbria County Council:
Cumbria Learning and Improvement Collaborative, an information resource for health and social workers
Cumbria Libraries Interactive Catalogue, a county-wide public library catalogue system
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pihuri
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Pakhura (Pihu) was an Egyptian commissioner in the "Land of Retenu" (Canaan) mentioned in the Amarna letters. He probably served under Pharaoh Amenhotep III and/or Akhenaten. In EA 122, Rib-Hadda, king of Byblos, complained of an attack by Pakhura, who killed a number of Byblos' Shardana mercenaries and took captive three of Rib-Hadda's men.
References
I. E. S. Edwards, C. J. Gadd, N. G. L. Hammond, E. Sollberger, eds., The Cambridge Ancient History, Cambridge University Press 1973
Epiphanius Wilson, Egyptian Literature, The Colonial Press 1901, p.212
Charles Francis Horne, The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East, Kessinger Publishing 2001, p.288
Amarna letters officials
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta%20plane
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In geophysical fluid dynamics, an approximation whereby the Coriolis parameter, f, is set to vary linearly in space is called a beta plane approximation.
On a rotating sphere such as the Earth, f varies with the sine of latitude; in the so-called f-plane approximation, this variation is ignored, and a value of f appropriate for a particular latitude is used throughout the domain. This approximation can be visualized as a tangent plane touching the surface of the sphere at this latitude.
A more accurate model is a linear Taylor series approximation to this variability about a given latitude :
, where is the Coriolis parameter at , is the Rossby parameter, is the meridional distance from , is the angular rotation rate of the Earth, and is the Earth's radius.
In analogy with the f-plane, this approximation is termed the beta plane, even though it no longer describes dynamics on a hypothetical tangent plane. The advantage of the beta plane approximation over more accurate formulations is that it does not contribute nonlinear terms to the dynamical equations; such terms make the equations harder to solve. The name 'beta plane' derives from the convention to denote the linear coefficient of variation with the Greek letter β.
The beta plane approximation is useful for the theoretical analysis of many phenomena in geophysical fluid dynamics since it makes the equations much more tractable, yet retains the important information that the Coriolis parameter varies in space. I
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bills%20of%20mortality
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Bills of mortality were the weekly mortality statistics in London, designed to monitor burials from 1592 to 1595 and then continuously from 1603. The responsibility to produce the statistics was chartered in 1611 to the Worshipful Company of Parish Clerks. The bills covered an area that started to expand as London grew from the City of London, before reaching its maximum extent in 1636. New parishes were then only added where ancient parishes within the area were divided. Factors such as the use of suburban cemeteries outside the area, the exemption of extra-parochial places within the area, the wider growth of the metropolis, and that they recorded burials rather than deaths, rendered their data incomplete. Production of the bills went into decline from 1819 as parishes ceased to provide returns, with the last surviving weekly bill dating from 1858. They were superseded by the weekly returns of the Registrar General from 1840, taking in further parishes until 1847. This area became the district of the Metropolitan Board of Works in 1855, the County of London in 1889 and Inner London in 1965.
History
Bills were produced intermittently in the several parishes of the City of London during outbreaks of plague. The first Bill is believed to date from November 1532. The first regular weekly collection and publishing of the number of burials in the parishes of London began on 21 December 1592 and continued until 18 December 1595. The practice was abandoned and then revived on 21
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edna%20Mahan%20Correctional%20Facility%20for%20Women
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Edna Mahan Correctional Facility for Women (formerly the Clinton Correctional Facility for Women) is a prison facility for women of the state of New Jersey Department of Corrections, located in Union Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, near Clinton. Its official abbreviation is EMCFW. The facility was named for Edna Mahan (b. 1900, pronounced Mann), one of the first female correctional superintendents in the U.S.
The current administrator is William Hauck; he has served in that position for four years. As of February 2009, the prison held 950 inmates in maximum, medium, and minimum security sections. As of June 2021, the prison housed 378 inmates. According to the New Jersey Department of Corrections, Edna Mahan "provides custody and treatment programs for female offenders ages 16 and older. The facility features the Puppies Behind Bars program, in which inmates train guide dogs for the blind, among other unique ventures. EMCFW has a drug and alcohol treatment unit as well as Bureau of State Use Industries shops specializing in clothing and tele-response/data entry."
History
Before the facility opened, female offenders in New Jersey were held in their own wing at Trenton State Prison. In 1911, the New Jersey Legislature approved the usage of funds to purchase a 400-acre farm outside of the town of Clinton for use as a reformatory solely for women. The new facility would open two years later, in 1913, as the New Jersey State Reformatory for Women, also known as Clinton
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WKSK%20%28AM%29
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WKSK is an AM radio station in West Jefferson, North Carolina. It is operated by Caddell Broadcasting, Inc., and broadcasts on a frequency of 580 kHz and, as of June 2014, simulcast on 93.5 MHz in FM stereo. Its 5,000-watt AM signal covers Ashe County, North Carolina and extends into neighboring Watauga, Wilkes and Alleghany counties in North Carolina, Grayson County, Virginia and Johnson County, Tennessee.
The station's slogan is "Today's Country, Yesterday's Favorites."
WKSK's studios and transmitter are located off NC 194, on a hill overlooking West Jefferson that local residents have dubbed "radio hill." WKSK originally was licensed to broadcast only from sunrise to sunset. It now has authority to broadcast at night on a reduced signal, though its post-7 p.m. broadcasts are restricted to coverage of local high school football and basketball games. Most hours begin with ABC News Radio
History
WKSK went on the air in 1959, at 1600 kHz and with only a signal of 500 watts. In the 1980s the station had the opportunity to increase its signal strength to 1,000 watts, which required changing its frequency to 580 kHz. In 2001 signal strength was raised again, to its present level of 5,000 watts.
In the 1960s, WKSK carried an eclectic mix of programming of gospel, country and pop music. From 3-5 p.m. each weekday the station aired the teen-oriented K-Club, featuring the latest hits of Herman's Hermits, the Dave Clark Five, Peter and Gordon and other pop groups of that decade. A
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20Hofmeister
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Franz Hofmeister (30 August 1850, in Prague – 26 July 1922, in Würzburg) was an early protein scientist, and is famous for his studies of salts that influence the solubility and conformational stability of proteins. In 1902, Hofmeister became the first to propose that polypeptides were amino acids linked by peptide bonds, although this model of protein primary structure was independently and simultaneously conceived by Emil Fischer.
Early life
Hofmeister's father was a doctor in Prague, where Hofmeister first began his studies, under the physiologist Karl Hugo Huppert, himself a student of Carl Lehmann. Hofmeister's Habilitationsschrift in 1879 concerned the peptic products of digestion.
Hofmeister became a Professor of Pharmacology at the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague in 1885, then eventually moved to Strasbourg in 1896.
The Hofmeister series
Hofmeister discovered a series of salts that have consistent effects on the solubility of proteins and (it was discovered later) on the stability of their secondary and tertiary structure. Anions appear to have a larger effect than cations, and are usually ordered
(This is a partial listing; many more salts have been studied.)
The order of cations is usually given as
The mechanism of the Hofmeister series is not entirely clear, but seems to result mainly from effects on the solvent at higher salt concentrations (> 100 mM). Early members of the series increase solvent surface tension and decrease the s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofmeister%20series
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The Hofmeister series or lyotropic series is a classification of ions in order of their lyotrophic properties, which is the ability to salt out or salt in proteins. The effects of these changes were first worked out by Franz Hofmeister, who studied the effects of cations and anions on the solubility of proteins.
Hofmeister discovered a series of salts that have consistent effects on the solubility of proteins and (it was discovered later) on the stability of their secondary and tertiary structure. Anions appear to have a larger effect than cations, and are usually ordered
(This is a partial listing; many more salts have been studied.)
The order of cations is usually given as
The mechanism of the Hofmeister series is not entirely clear, but does not seem to result from changes in general water structure, instead more specific interactions between ions and proteins and ions and the water molecules directly contacting the proteins may be more important. Recent simulation studies have shown that the variation in solvation energy between the ions and the surrounding water molecules underlies the mechanism of the Hofmeister series. More recently, a quantum chemical investigation suggests an electrostatic origin to the Hofmeister series. This work provides site-centred radial charge densities of the ions' interacting atoms (to approximate the electrostatic potential energy of interaction), and these appear to quantitatively correlate with many reported Hofmeister series for elec
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Kodokan%20judo%20techniques
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Like many other martial arts, Kodokan judo provides lists of techniques students must learn to earn rank. For a more complete list of judo techniques by technique classification, including Japanese kanji, see the article judo techniques.
Ukemi (breakfalls)
Students first learn how to fall, and must master the fall exercises before moving on to the throws lists.
Mae ukemi, forward fall.
Ushiro ukemi, backward fall.
Yoko ukemi, side fall (accompanied by hard slap of tatami mat).
Mae Mawari Ukemi, forward judo roll.
Nage-waza (throwing techniques)
The 68 throws of Kodokan judo
Dai ikkyo
(1st group)
Deashi harai (or barai)
Hiza guruma
Sasae tsurikomi ashi
Uki goshi
Osoto gari (Major Outside Reap)
O goshi
Ouchi gari
Seoi nage
Dai nikyo
(2nd group)
Kosoto gari
Kouchi gari
Koshi guruma
Tsurikomi goshi
Okuriashi harai
Tai otoshi
Harai goshi
Uchi mata
Dai sankyo
(3rd group)
Kosoto gake
Tsuri goshi
Yoko otoshi
Ashi guruma
Hane goshi
Harai tsurikomi ashi
Tomoe nage
Kata guruma
Dai yonkyo
(4th group)
Sumi gaeshi
Tani otoshi
Hane makikomi
Sukui nage
Utsuri goshi
O guruma
Soto makikomi
Uki otoshi
Dai gokyo
(5th group)
Osoto guruma
Uki waza
Yoko wakare
Yoko guruma
Ushiro goshi
Ura nage
Sumi otoshi (隅落)
Yoko gake
Habukareta waza
(preserved techniques from 1895 gokyo)
Obi otoshi
Seoi otoshi
Yama arashi
Osoto otoshi
Daki wakare
Hikikomi gaeshi
Tawara gaeshi
Uchi makikomi
Shinmeisho no waza
(newly accepted techniques in 1987, 1997
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20airports%20in%20Serbia
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This is the list of airports in Serbia, grouped by type and sorted by location.
Airports statistics
Airports with number of passengers served per year:
List of airports in Serbia
Airport names shown in bold indicate the airport has scheduled service with commercial airlines:
See also
Airports of Serbia
Transport in Serbia
AirSerbia
References
References:
Map of airports in Serbia with asphalt - concrete runways
AERODROMI u PDF formatu
Serbia
Airports
Airports
Serbia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAL%20%28programming%20language%29
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PAL, the Pedagogic Algorithmic Language, is a programming language developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in around 1967 to help teach programming language semantics and design. It is a "direct descendant" of ISWIM and owes much of its philosophy to Christopher Strachey.
The initial implementation of PAL, in Lisp, was written by Peter Landin and James H. Morris, Jr. It was later redesigned by Martin Richards, Thomas J. Barkalow, Arthur Evans, Jr., Robert M. Graham, James Morris, and John Wozencraft. It was implemented by Richards and Barkalow in BCPL as an intermediate-code interpreter and ran on the IBM System/360; this was called PAL/360.
RPAL
RPAL, the Right-reference Pedagogic Algorithmic Language, is a functional subset of PAL with an implementation on SourceForge. It is used at the University of Florida to teach the construction of programming languages and functional programming. Programs are strictly functional, with no sequence or assignment operations.
References
Programming languages created in 1967
Academic programming languages
Functional languages
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20airports%20in%20Montenegro
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This is a list of airports in Montenegro, grouped by type and sorted by location.
Passenger statistics
Airports with number of passengers served.
Airports
Airports shown in bold have scheduled service on commercial airlines.
See also
Transport in Montenegro
List of airports by ICAO code: L#LY – Serbia and Montenegro
Wikipedia:WikiProject Aviation/Airline destination lists: Europe#Montenegro
References
AERODROMI u PDF formatu
– includes IATA codes
– IATA and ICAO codes
– IATA, ICAO and DAFIF codes
Montenegro
Airports
Airports
Montenegro
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium%20indium%20arsenide
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Aluminium indium arsenide, also indium aluminium arsenide or AlInAs (AlxIn1−xAs), is a semiconductor material with very nearly the same lattice constant as GaInAs, but a larger bandgap. The x in the formula above is a number between 0 and 1 - this indicates an arbitrary alloy between InAs and AlAs.
The formula AlInAs should be considered an abbreviated form of the above, rather than any particular ratio.
Aluminium indium arsenide is used e.g. as a buffer layer in metamorphic HEMT transistors, where it serves to adjust the lattice constant differences between the GaAs substrate and the GaInAs channel. It can be also used to form alternate layers with indium gallium arsenide, which act as quantum wells; these structures are used in e.g. broadband quantum cascade lasers.
Safety and toxicity aspects
The toxicology of AlInAs has not been fully investigated. The dust is an irritant to skin, eyes and lungs. The environment, health and safety aspects of aluminium indium arsenide sources (such as trimethylindium and arsine) and industrial hygiene monitoring studies of standard MOVPE sources have been reported recently in a review.
References
III-V semiconductors
III-V compounds
Arsenides
Aluminium compounds
Indium compounds
Zincblende crystal structure
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative%20Computational%20Project%20Number%204
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The Collaborative Computational Project Number 4 in protein crystallography (CCP4) was set up in 1979 in the United Kingdom to support collaboration between researchers working in software development and assemble a comprehensive collection of software for structural biology. The CCP4 core team is located at the Research Complex at Harwell (RCaH) at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in Didcot, near Oxford, UK.
CCP4 was originally supported by the UK Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC), and is now supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). The project is coordinated at CCLRC Daresbury Laboratory. The results of this effort gave rise to the CCP4 program suite, which is now distributed to academic and commercial users worldwide.
Projects
CCP4i – CCP4 Graphical User Interface
CCP4MG – CCP4 Molecular Graphics Project
Coot – Graphical Model Building
HAPPy – automated experimental phasing
MrBUMP – automated Molecular Replacement
PISA – Protein Interfaces, Surfaces and Assemblies
MOSFLM GUI – building a modern interface to MOSFLM
See also
CCP4 (file format)
External links
CCP4 Documentation wiki — concentrates only on CCP4
CCP4 Community wiki — general X-ray crystallography topics related to CCP4
References
Crystallography
Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)
Science and technology in Oxfordshire
Vale of White Horse
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCP4%20%28file%20format%29
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The CCP4 file format is file generated by the Collaborative Computational Project Number 4 in 1979. The file format for electron density has become industry standard in X-ray crystallography and Cryo-electron microscopy where the result of the technique is a three-dimensional grid of voxels each with a value corresponding to density of electrons (see wave function) The CCP4 format is supported by almost every molecular graphics suite that supports volumetric data. The major packages include:
Visual molecular dynamics
PyMOL
UCSF Chimera
Bsoft
Coot
MOE
See also
MTZ (file format)
MRC (file format)
EZD (file format)
Chemical file format
Protein Data Bank (file format)
Voxel - one way of presenting 3D densities
External links
Format technical details
Computational chemistry
Chemical file formats
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Storyteller%20%28band%29
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The Storyteller is a power metal band from Sweden formed in late 1995. The band has been on hiatus since 2006, but returned in 2011.
Line-up
Current members
Lars-Göran Persson (ex-Crystal Light, ex-Special Edition) - vocals (1995-1997, 2011–present), bass (1997–present)
Jacob Wennerqvist (ex-Legia, ex-Crystal Light) - guitars (2001-2006, 2011–present)
Marcus Backlund - bass (2011-2013), guitars (2013–present)
Martin Hjerpe - drums (1997-2006, 2011–present)
Henke Branneryd - bass (2013–present)
Previous members
Jocke Lundström - vocals, guitars, drums (1995-1996)
Magnus Björk (ex-Nightchant, ex-Februari 93, ex-Withered Beauty, ex-Forlorn) - vocals, guitars (1995-1996)
Per Nilsson - guitars (1996-1997)
Anders Östlin - bass, keyboards (1997-1997)
Lasse Martinsen - guitars, backing vocals (1999-2000)
Erik Gornostajev - guitars (2000-2001)
Pärka Kankanranta (Atomkraft, ex-Karyan, Raubtier, ex-Viperine, ex-Winterlong) - guitars (2001-2001)
Johan Sohlberg (ACe of DC, Blue DeVilles, Coverdales, Emerald, Greystone, Special Edition, ex-Bloodbound) - bass (2003-2006)
Fredrik Groth (Scar Symmetry (live), ex-Kryptillusion) - guitars (1995-1996, 2011–2012), keyboards (1997-2006)
Janne Björk - bass (2002)
Discography
Studio albums
2000: "The Storyteller"
2001: "Crossroad"
2003: "Tales of a Holy Quest"
2005: "Underworld"
2013: "Dark Legacy"
2014: "Sacred Fire"
Demos
1995: "1995 Demo"
1996: "1996 Demo"
1998: "1998 Demo #1"
1998: "1998 Demo #2"
EPs
2004: "Seed of Lies"
External links
Off
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Eyes
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Crystal Eyes is a Swedish power metal band formed in 1992. Singer, guitarist and songwriter Mikael Dahl is the only constant member in their line-up. It was announced in 2009 that vocalist Søren Nico Adamsen would be leaving the band and that Mikael Dahl would be resuming vocal duties. In 2012, guitarist Paul Petterson left the band and was replaced by former guitarist Nicolas Karlsson. On 11 May 2012 the band celebrated its 20th anniversary with a special concert featuring songs from all of their albums.
Discography
World of Black and Silver (1999)
In Silence They March (2000)
Vengeance Descending (2003)
Confessions of the Maker (2005)
Dead City Dreaming (2006)
Chained (2008)
Killer (2014)
Starbourne Traveler (2019)
Line-up
Mikael Dahl – Vocals, Guitar
Niclas Karlsson – Guitar
Claes Wikander – Bass
Stefan Svantesson – Drums
Timeline
Former members
Vocals
Søren Nico Adamsen (2006–2009)
Guitar
Paul Petterson (2006–2012)
Jukka Kaupaamaa (1995–1997)
Jonathan Nyberg (1997–2006)
Bass
Christian Gunnarsson (1992–1993)
Mikael Blohm (1993–1995)
Kim Koivo (1995–1996)
Marko Nicolaidis (1996–1997)
Drums
Fredrik Gröndahl (1993–1994)
Martin Tilander (1994–1995)
Kujtim Gashi (1995–2001)
Session vocals
Daniel Heiman (2005)
External links
Official website
Official MySpace
Metal-archives.com
Swedish power metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 1992
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MINC%20%28disambiguation%29
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Minc, MINC, or MinC may refer to:
MINC, a data specification language.
MinC, one of three proteins encoded by the minB operon
Alain Minc (1949–), French businessman, political advisor, and author
Carlos Minc (1951–), Brazilian geographer and politician
Hilary Minc (1905–1974), Polish economist and member of Communist Party of Poland
Ministério da Cultura (MinC), Brazil's Culture of Ministry
MINC-11 computer, a PDP-11/03 or PDP-11/23 computer for laboratory applications
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%20an%20E%C3%B2rna
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Port an Eòrna is the Scottish Gaelic name for the small settlement of Barleyport, situated almost midway between Plockton and the Kyle of Lochalsh, in Ross-shire, Scotland, in the Western Highlands. Port an Eòrna was once a fishing community near Duirinish, an area of common grazing for sheep and Highland cattle. Now it is a cluster of a few houses on National Trust for Scotland land. Port an Eòrna is a natural sandy beach. Eòrna means "barley" in Scottish Gaelic.
It has views across to the Cuillin on the Isle of Skye, as well as of Loch Carron, to the Applecross Peninsula. Port an Eòrna is the home of a resident heron, called "Harry", and is from the railway station at Duirinish (on the Kyle to Inverness rail service). Duirinish, the home community for Port an Eòrna, is also the home of a Belgian artist who has made her home in this community.
External links
http://www.plockton.com/village/duirinish.shtml
Populated places in Lochalsh
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy%27s%20functional%20equation
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Cauchy's functional equation is the functional equation:
A function that solves this equation is called an additive function. Over the rational numbers, it can be shown using elementary algebra that there is a single family of solutions, namely for any rational constant Over the real numbers, the family of linear maps now with an arbitrary real constant, is likewise a family of solutions; however there can exist other solutions not of this form that are extremely complicated. However, any of a number of regularity conditions, some of them quite weak, will preclude the existence of these pathological solutions. For example, an additive function is linear if:
is continuous (Cauchy, 1821). In fact, it suffices for to be continuous at one point (Darboux, 1875).
is monotonic on any interval.
is bounded on any interval.
is Lebesgue measurable.
On the other hand, if no further conditions are imposed on then (assuming the axiom of choice) there are infinitely many other functions that satisfy the equation. This was proved in 1905 by Georg Hamel using Hamel bases. Such functions are sometimes called Hamel functions.
The fifth problem on Hilbert's list is a generalisation of this equation. Functions where there exists a real number such that are known as Cauchy-Hamel functions and are used in Dehn-Hadwiger invariants which are used in the extension of Hilbert's third problem from 3D to higher dimensions.
This equation is sometimes referred to as Cauchy's additi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemary%20Rapaport
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Rosemary Rapaport (29 March 1918 in St Albans – 8 June 2011 in Olney) was a violinist and music teacher who founded the Purcell School for musically gifted children.
Early years
Nancy Rosemary Peace Rapaport was born into a Rabbinic family. She was the youngest of four daughters who all showed artistic talent. Although handicapped as a child by a double mastoid infection, she took up the violin at the age of eight. She also had lessons in piano and ballet. She was home educated until the age of 12, after which she attended the North London Collegiate School. In 1937 she was awarded an Associated Board scholarship at the Royal Academy of Music, winning two medals for her violin playing. Her teachers included Rowsby Woof and Frederick Grinke.
In 1941 she left the Royal Academy of Music and joined the Halle Orchestra. While in Manchester she married Gerard Heller, an insurance dealer who was an amateur pianist. They later moved to Leeds where she formed a duo with Fanny Waterman with whom she gave recitals in schools under the auspices of the local education authority. She taught at the Leeds Girls' High School from 1943 to 1947.
After World War II she and her husband moved to London where she formed a partnership with the Viennese pianist Else Cross that lasted for over 25 years. Their concerts included recitals in the Wigmore Hall. Their programmes included rarely heard classical works as well as the standard repertoire.
Purcell School
Rapaport had long been
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastian%20Siemiatkowski
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Sebastian Siemiatkowski (also spelled as Sebastian Siemiątkowski) (born in 1981) is a Swedish entrepreneur and co-founder of the company Klarna.
Early life
Siemiatkowski's parents moved to Uppsala from Poland in the 1980s.
He was born in Sweden but his older sister was born in Poland.
Siemiatkowski considers himself as a second generation immigrant. His early influences were Richard Branson and founder of IKEA. Siemiatkowski credits the Swedish digital policy of subsidizing the ownership of computers for his success because it allowed his family to acquire their first computer.
Education and career
Siemiatkowski holds a master's degree from the Stockholm School of Economics.
He started building Klarna at age 23 and co-founded the company in 2005. Siemiatkowski had met one of his co-founders when working at Burger King.
He owns about 7% of the company, which made him a billionaire, although after Klarna experienced difficulties its lower valuation meant that in 2023 Siemiatkowski no longer counted among billionaires.
Controversy
In May 2019 Siemiatkowski was summoned to the Swedish Ministry of Finance to answer questions regarding perceived issues with Klarnas management of identity theft and the debts of customers.
In 2022, as Klarna was experiencing financial difficulty, Siemiatkowski posted a list of employees who were recently dismissed by the company. This unusual course of action was considered as tone deaf by commentators. The Swedish Financial Sector Union expr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theorem%20stencil
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Theorem stencil, sometimes also called theorem painting or velvet painting, is the art of making stencils and using them to make drawings or paintings on fabric or paper.
A vogue for theorem stencil painting began in England at the turn of the 18th century and through the mid-1800s. The art was first taught to women in academies and boarding schools throughout colonial New England. It continued to be taught into the mid-1800s in many other areas.
The designs are traditionally painted on velvet and the work is then framed or matted. The stencils are multiple overlays and designs are always three-dimensional, primitive and stylized in nature. The resulting design is bridgeless—there are no gaps in between the overlays. Subjects often included foods, scenes, and symbols that were popular in the artist's area.
It was often referred to colloquially (especially in England) as "Poonah painting", because of its supposed origin in the Indian city of Pune.
Few theorem artists signed their work; one of the few to have done so was Emma Jane Cady.
References
External links
Painting techniques
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurocrine
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Neurocrine can refer to:
A type of cell signaling similar to paracrine, but involving neurons. See chemical synapse for more details.
Neurocrine Biosciences
Any molecule secreted by a nerve cell: Lipids, Gases, Peptides, Purines, Amine, Amino acids, Acetylcholine
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon%20gas
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In physics, a photon gas is a gas-like collection of photons, which has many of the same properties of a conventional gas like hydrogen or neon – including pressure, temperature, and entropy. The most common example of a photon gas in equilibrium is the black-body radiation.
Photons are part of a family of particles known as bosons, particles that follow Bose–Einstein statistics and with integer spin. A gas of bosons with only one type of particle is uniquely described by three state functions such as the temperature, volume, and the number of particles. However, for a black body, the energy distribution is established by the interaction of the photons with matter, usually the walls of the container. In this interaction, the number of photons is not conserved. As a result, the chemical potential of the black-body photon gas is zero at thermodynamic equilibrium. The number of state variables needed to describe a black-body state is thus reduced from three to two (e.g. temperature and volume).
Thermodynamics of a black body photon gas
In a classical ideal gas with massive particles, the energy of the particles is distributed according to a Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. This distribution is established as the particles collide with each other, exchanging energy (and momentum) in the process. In a photon gas, there will also be an equilibrium distribution, but photons do not collide with each other (except under very extreme conditions, see two-photon physics), so the equilib
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20entropy%20function
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In information theory, the binary entropy function, denoted or , is defined as the entropy of a Bernoulli process with probability of one of two values. It is a special case of , the entropy function. Mathematically, the Bernoulli trial is modelled as a random variable that can take on only two values: 0 and 1, which are mutually exclusive and exhaustive.
If , then and the entropy of (in shannons) is given by
,
where is taken to be 0. The logarithms in this formula are usually taken (as shown in the graph) to the base 2. See binary logarithm.
When , the binary entropy function attains its maximum value. This is the case of an unbiased coin flip.
is distinguished from the entropy function in that the former takes a single real number as a parameter whereas the latter takes a distribution or random variable as a parameter.
Sometimes the binary entropy function is also written as .
However, it is different from and should not be confused with the Rényi entropy, which is denoted as .
Explanation
In terms of information theory, entropy is considered to be a measure of the uncertainty in a message. To put it intuitively, suppose . At this probability, the event is certain never to occur, and so there is no uncertainty at all, leading to an entropy of 0. If , the result is again certain, so the entropy is 0 here as well. When , the uncertainty is at a maximum; if one were to place a fair bet on the outcome in this case, there is no advantage to be gained with prior k
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor%20process%20simulation
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Semiconductor process simulation is the modeling of the fabrication of semiconductor devices such as transistors. It is a branch of electronic design automation, and part of a sub-field known as technology CAD, or TCAD.
The ultimate goal of process simulation is an accurate prediction of the active dopant distribution, the stress distribution and the device geometry. Process simulation is typically used as an input for device simulation, the modeling of device electrical characteristics. Collectively process and device simulation form the core tools for the design phase known as TCAD or Technology Computer Aided Design. Considering the integrated circuit design process as a series of steps with decreasing levels of abstraction, logic synthesis would be at the highest level and TCAD, being closest to fabrication, would be the phase with the least amount of abstraction. Because of the detailed physical modeling involved, process simulation is almost exclusively used to aid in the development of single devices whether discrete or as a part of an integrated circuit.
The fabrication of integrated circuit devices requires a series of processing steps called a process flow. Process simulation involves modeling all essential steps in the process flow in order to obtain dopant and stress profiles and, to a lesser extent, device geometry. The input for process simulation is the process flow and a layout. The layout is selected as a linear cut in a full layout for a 2D simulati
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhus%20ovata
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Rhus ovata, commonly known as sugar bush or sugar sumac, is a shrub or small tree found growing in the canyons and slopes of the chaparral and related ecosystems in Southern California, Arizona, Baja California and Baja California Sur. It is a long lived-plant, up to 100 years, and has dense evergreen foliage that make it conspicuous. It is closely related to and hybridizes with the lemonade sumac.
Description
Morphology
This plant is a tall, wide woody shrub to small tree that ranges in height from with a rounded appearance. The stout twigs are thick and reddish when young. The foliage is suspended on a petiole 10–30 mm long. The leaves are 3 to 8 cm long, and roughly the same size in width, shaped broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, folded at the midrib, and have a leathery, glabrous texture. The leaf tips range from acute to acuminate, and the leaf margins are entire.The flowers are small, less than 1 cm wide, composed of 5 white to pink petals and 5 reddish sepals with ciliate margins. They are gynodioecious and self-incompatible. Some plants may only have female flowers, others may be hermaphroditic with bisexual flowers, and some with a combination of both male-sterile female flowers and bisexual flowers. The flowers occur clustered on branched inflorescences at the end of current seasonal branches. The branches of the inflorescence are stout, with the bractlets being less than 2 mm large. The fruit is a reddish, hairy and sticky drupe, 3–5 mm long and 6–8 mm in diam
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20class
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Open class may refer to:
Open class (linguistics), a word class readily accepting new items
Open (sport)
Open class (track and field), an event classification
Open 60 Class, a type of monohull sailboat
FAI Open Class, a glider competition class with unlimited wingspan
Open class (computer programming), the ability to extend already-defined classes
IBM Open Class (IOC), a C++ class library
Open class system, a state of society
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan%27s%20theorem
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There are multiple theorems named after the French mathematician Camille Jordan:
The Jordan curve theorem states that every simple closed curve has a well-defined "inside" and "outside";
Jordan's lemma is a bound for the error term in applications of the residue theorem;
Jordan's theorem on group actions characterizes primitive groups containing a large -cycle; and
The Jordan–Schur theorem is an effective proof (in terms of the degree) that linear torsion groups are virtually abelian.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvell%20Technology
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Marvell Technology, Inc. is an American company, headquartered in Santa Clara, California, which develops and produces semiconductors and related technology. Founded in 1995, the company had more than 7,000 employees as of 2023, with over 10,000 patents worldwide, and an annual revenue of $5.9 billion for fiscal 2023.
History
Marvell was founded in 1995 by Dr. Sehat Sutardja, his wife Weili Dai, and his brother Pantas Sutardja. They worked on designing a CMOS-based read channel for disk drives as their first product. Seagate Technology became their first customer. The initial public offering on June 27, 2000 (near the end of the dot-com bubble) raised $90 million.
In April 2016, CEO Sehat Sutardja and President Weili Dai were ousted from their posts after activist investor Starboard Value fund took a roughly 7 percent stake in the company.
In July 2016, Marvell appointed Matt Murphy as its new President and CEO.
On July 6, 2018, Marvell completed its acquisition of Cavium, Inc. On the same day, it announced the appointment of Syed Ali (co-founder of Cavium, Inc., and previously the company's president and CEO), Brad Buss (director of Cavium, Inc.) and Edward Frank (director of Cavium, Inc.) to the Marvell Board of Directors.
In September 2019, Marvell completed the acquisition of Aquantia Corp.
In April 2021, Marvell completed the acquisition of Inphi Corporation. As part of the acquisition, Marvell reorganized so that the combined company is domiciled in Wilmington, De
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus%20megaterium
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Bacillus megaterium is a rod-like, Gram-positive, mainly aerobic, spore forming bacterium found in widely diverse habitats. It has a cell length up to 4 µm and a diameter of 1.5 µm, which is quite large for bacteria. The cells often occur in pairs and chains, where the cells are joined by polysaccharides on the cell walls.
In the 1960s, prior to the use of Bacillus subtilis for this purpose, B. megaterium was the main model organism among Gram-positive bacteria for intensive studies on biochemistry, sporulation, and bacteriophages. Recently, its popularity has started increasing in the field of biotechnology for its recombinant protein-production capacity.
This species has been recently been proposed to be transferred into the genus Priestia. The correct nomenclature would then be Priestia megaterium.
Characteristics
B. megaterium grows at temperatures from 3 to 45 °C, with the optimum around 30 °C. Some isolates from an Antarctic geothermal lake were found to grow at temperatures up to 63 °C. It has been recognized as an endophyte and is a potential agent for the biocontrol of plant diseases. Nitrogen fixation has been demonstrated in some strains of B. megaterium.
B. megaterium has been an important industrial organism for decades. It produces penicillin amidase used to make synthetic penicillin and several enzymes, such as amylases used in the baking industry and glucose dehydrogenase used in glucose blood tests. It also produces enzymes for modifying corticosteroids
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus%20oleronius
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Bacillus oleronius is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus. However, Bacillus oleronius has Gram-positive cell wall components shared among all bacillus species (Lacey N, 2007). It was first described in 1995 and was found in the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes. It is also found in the human skin parasitic mite Demodex folliculorum, and may be related to the development of a type of rosacea.
This species has been recently transferred into the genus Heyndrickxia. The correct nomenclature is Heyndrickxia oleronia.
See also
Bacillus marinus
Bacillus lentimorbus
References
External links
Type strain of Bacillus oleronius at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
oleronius
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shockwave%20%28disambiguation%29
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A shock wave is a type of propagating disturbance in a fluid, gas, or plasma medium.
Shockwave may also refer to:
Amusement rides
Shock Wave (Brean Leisure Park), a looping roller coaster
Shockwave (Canada's Wonderland), a thrill ride at Canada's Wonderland
Shockwave (Dreamworld), a Zamperla Disk'O at Dreamworld
Shockwave (Kings Dominion), a former stand-up roller coaster at Kings Dominion
Shockwave (Six Flags Great America), a large defunct roller coaster manufactured by Arrow Dynamics at Six Flags Great America in Gurnee
Shock Wave (Six Flags Over Texas), a roller coaster at the amusement park Six Flags Over Texas
Shockwave (Drayton Manor), a roller coaster at Drayton Manor Theme Park
Batman The Escape, a stand-up roller coaster known as Shockwave at Six Flags Magic Mountain and Six Flags Great Adventure
Books and comics
List_of_metahumans_in_DC_Comics#S, Shockwave a comic book character in DC Comics
Shockwave (comics), a comic book character in Marvel Comics
Shockwave (G.I. Joe), a 1988 toy/action figure (and later comic book character)
Shockwave (Transformers), a comic book character
Shock Wave (novel), a 1996 novel written by Clive Cussler
Shockwave, the novelization of the Star Trek: Enterprise episode, see List of Star Trek: Enterprise novels
"Shockwave", a title in the 2013 audiobook series Doctor Who: Destiny of the Doctor
Film and television
Shock Wave (film), a 2017 Hong Kong action film
Shock Waves (film), a horror movie from 1977 directed by
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamicist
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In thermodynamics, a thermodynamicist is someone who studies thermodynamic processes and phenomena, i.e. the physics that deal with mechanical action and relations of heat.
Among the well-known number of famous thermodynamicists, include Sadi Carnot, Rudolf Clausius, Willard Gibbs, Hermann von Helmholtz, and Max Planck.
History of term
Although most consider the French physicist Nicolas Sadi Carnot to be the first true thermodynamicist, the term thermodynamics itself wasn't coined until 1849 by Lord Kelvin in his publication An Account of Carnot's Theory of the Motive Power of Heat.
The first thermodynamic textbook was written in 1859 by William Rankine, a civil and mechanical engineering professor at the University of Glasgow.
See also
References
Thermodynamics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meerwein%E2%80%93Ponndorf%E2%80%93Verley%20reduction
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The Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reduction in organic chemistry is the reduction of ketones and aldehydes to their corresponding alcohols utilizing aluminium alkoxide catalysis in the presence of a sacrificial alcohol. The advantages of the MPV reduction lie in its high chemoselectivity, and its use of a cheap environmentally friendly metal catalyst.
The MPV reduction was independently discovered by Albert Verley and the team of Hans Meerwein and Rudolf Schmidt in 1925. They found that a mixture of aluminium ethoxide and ethanol could reduce aldehydes to their alcohols. Ponndorf applied the reaction to ketones and upgraded the catalyst to aluminium isopropoxide in isopropanol.
Mechanism
The MPV reduction is believed to go through a catalytic cycle involving a six-member ring transition state as shown in Figure 2. Starting with the aluminium alkoxide 1, a carbonyl oxygen is coordinated to achieve the tetra coordinated aluminium intermediate 2. Between intermediates 2 and 3 the hydride is transferred to the carbonyl from the alkoxy ligand via a pericyclic mechanism. At this point the new carbonyl dissociates and gives the tricoordinated aluminium species 4. Finally, an alcohol from solution displaces the newly reduced carbonyl to regenerate the catalyst 1.
Each step in the cycle is reversible and the reaction is driven by the thermodynamic properties of the intermediates and the products. This means that given time the more thermodynamically stable product will be favored.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Lutz
|
Jack Lutz is an American theoretical computer scientist best known for developing the concepts of resource bounded measure and effective dimension; he has also published research on DNA computing and self-assembly. He is a professor of computer science and mathematics at Iowa State University.
Education and career
Lutz was a student at the University of Kansas, graduating in 1976 and earning master's degrees in mathematics and in computer science there in 1979 and 1981 respectively. He went to the California Institute of Technology for doctoral study in mathematics, and completed his Ph.D. in 1987, with the dissertation Resource-Bounded Category and Measure in Exponential Complexity Classes supervised by Alexander S. Kechris.
He has spent the rest of his career at Iowa State University, as an assistant professor from 1987 to 1992, associate professor from 1992 to 1996, and full professor since 1996. At Iowa State, he directs the Laboratory for Molecular Programming.
Personal life
Lutz is married to Robyn Lutz, a professor of computer science at Iowa State University; their son Neil Lutz is also a computer scientist and a visiting assistant professor of computer science at Swarthmore College. They have published together on algorithmic game theory in DNA computing.
References
External links
Homepage of Jack Lutz at Iowa State University
American computer scientists
University of Kansas alumni
California Institute of Technology alumni
Iowa State University faculty
Living
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iggy
|
Iggy or Iggie is a unisex name and it is often a short form of the Roman Latin names Ignatia (feminine) and Ignatius (masculine), or their derivatives in other European languages. As such the name is derived ultimately from the Etruscan language family name Egnat, the meaning of which is unknown. (The Romans added the Latin nominative endings -ia and -ius.) A spelling with an initial "I" later became dominant, possibly because of a resemblance to the Latin word ignis "fire".
Iggy or Iggie may also refer to:
People
Iggy Pop, stage name of American punk rock singer and occasional actor James Newell Osterberg, Jr. (born 1947)
Iggy Azalea, stage name of Australian rapper Amethyst Amelia Kelly (born 1990)
Iggy Arroyo (1950–2012), Filipino politician
Iggy Clarke (born 1952), Irish retired hurler
Jarome Iginla (born 1977), Canadian National Hockey League player
Ralph Ignatowski (1926–1945), U.S. Marine tortured and killed at the Battle of Iwo Jima
Andre Iguodala (born 1984), American basketball player
Michael Ignatieff (born 1947), historian and Canadian politician
Iggy Jones (c. 1927–1992), Gaelic footballer from Northern Ireland
Iggy Katona (1916–2003), American stock car racer
Iggy O'Donnell (1876–c. 1946), Australian rugby union player
Iggy Shevak (1918-1985), American jazz musician from the 1930s to at least the '50s
Marshall Shurnas (1922–2006), American football player nicknamed "Iggie"
Iggy Strange Dahl, Swedish songwriter
Iggie Wolfington (1919–2004), Amer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exceptional%20object
|
Many branches of mathematics study objects of a given type and prove a classification theorem. A common theme is that the classification results in a number of series of objects and a finite number of exceptions — often with desirable properties — that do not fit into any series. These are known as exceptional objects. In many cases, these exceptional objects play a further and important role in the subject. Furthermore, the exceptional objects in one branch of mathematics often relate to the exceptional objects in others.
A related phenomenon is exceptional isomorphism, when two series are in general different, but agree for some small values. For example, spin groups in low dimensions are isomorphic to other classical Lie groups.
Regular polytopes
The prototypical examples of exceptional objects arise in the classification of regular polytopes: in two dimensions, there is a series of regular n-gons for n ≥ 3. In every dimension above 2, one can find analogues of the cube, tetrahedron and octahedron. In three dimensions, one finds two more regular polyhedra — the dodecahedron (12-hedron) and the icosahedron (20-hedron) — making five Platonic solids. In four dimensions, a total of six regular polytopes exist, including the 120-cell, the 600-cell and the 24-cell. There are no other regular polytopes, as the only regular polytopes in higher dimensions are of the hypercube, simplex, orthoplex series. In all dimensions combined, there are therefore three series and five excep
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pond%20liner
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A pond liner is an impermeable geomembrane used for retention of liquids, including the lining of reservoirs, retention basins, hazardous and nonhazardous surface impoundments, garden ponds and artificial streams in parks and gardens.
Installation
Pond liners need to be protected from sharp objects (for example, stones) below the liner and from being punctured by any objects in the water body. Protection can be provided with layers of sand, geotextiles (particularly needle-punched nonwovens) and other materials. Pond liners are manufactured in rolls or accordion-folded on pallets. When deployed in the field their edges and ends are overlapped and seamed together. Methods are thermal fusion, solvents, adhesives and tapes.
The edge of the pond liner is generally rolled over the top of the soil slope and secured in an anchor trench or it can be fixed to a vertical wall made of wood or concrete. Box-shaped pond liners can be made for rectangular structures. The vast majority of flexible pond liners (aka, geomembranes) are available commercially and are manufactured using the following polymers; HDPE, LLDPE, fPP, PVC, EPDM. They can also be manufactured with a fabric scrim between two plys of the polymer, e.g., PE-R, CSPE-R, fPP-R and EPDM-R. Geomembranes can also be made in-situ by spraying a polymer (polyurea, or equal) directly on a geotextile substrate. The lifetime of these various ponds liners depends greatly on whether they are exposed or covered. Clay liners can also b
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split-radix%20FFT%20algorithm
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The split-radix FFT is a fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm for computing the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), and was first described in an initially little-appreciated paper by R. Yavne (1968) and subsequently rediscovered simultaneously by various authors in 1984. (The name "split radix" was coined by two of these reinventors, P. Duhamel and H. Hollmann.) In particular, split radix is a variant of the Cooley–Tukey FFT algorithm that uses a blend of radices 2 and 4: it recursively expresses a DFT of length N in terms of one smaller DFT of length N/2 and two smaller DFTs of length N/4.
The split-radix FFT, along with its variations, long had the distinction of achieving the lowest published arithmetic operation count (total exact number of required real additions and multiplications) to compute a DFT of power-of-two sizes N. The arithmetic count of the original split-radix algorithm was improved upon in 2004 (with the initial gains made in unpublished work by J. Van Buskirk via hand optimization for N=64 ), but it turns out that one can still achieve the new lowest count by a modification of split radix (Johnson and Frigo, 2007). Although the number of arithmetic operations is not the sole factor (or even necessarily the dominant factor) in determining the time required to compute a DFT on a computer, the question of the minimum possible count is of longstanding theoretical interest. (No tight lower bound on the operation count has currently been proven.)
The spli
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand%27s%20theorem
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In classical mechanics, Bertrand's theorem states that among central-force potentials with bound orbits, there are only two types of central-force (radial) scalar potentials with the property that all bound orbits are also closed orbits.
The first such potential is an inverse-square central force such as the gravitational or electrostatic potential:
with force .
The second is the radial harmonic oscillator potential:
with force .
The theorem is named after its discoverer, Joseph Bertrand.
Derivation
All attractive central forces can produce circular orbits, which are naturally closed orbits. The only requirement is that the central force exactly equals the centripetal force, which determines the required angular velocity for a given circular radius. Non-central forces (i.e., those that depend on the angular variables as well as the radius) are ignored here, since they do not produce circular orbits in general.
The equation of motion for the radius r of a particle of mass m moving in a central potential V(r) is given by motion equations
where , and the angular momentum L = mr2ω is conserved. For illustration, the first term on the left is zero for circular orbits, and the applied inwards force equals the centripetal force requirement mrω2, as expected.
The definition of angular momentum allows a change of independent variable from t to θ:
giving the new equation of motion that is independent of time:
This equation becomes quasilinear on making the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee%20Si-chen
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Lee Si-chen (; born 13 August 1952 in Gangshan, Kaohsiung, Taiwan), is a Taiwanese engineer specializing in semiconductors, a researcher in amorphous silicon in the early development in Taiwan, and an IEEE Fellow. He has been a professor of electrical engineering since 1982 and the president of National Taiwan University from 2005 to 2013.
Biography
Education
He received a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from National Taiwan University (1974) and a master's degree (1977) and PhD (1981), both in electrical engineering, from Stanford University.
Present positions
He is the current president of National Taiwan University (2005 – ), president of the Association of National Universities of Taiwan (2006 – ) and chair of the University Mobility in Asia and the Pacific (2005 – ). He is also a professor of electrical engineering at the National Taiwan University (1985 - ).
Experiences and Trainings
IEEE Fellow (2002)
Dean of academic affairs, National Taiwan University (1996–2002)
Assistant to the Minister of National Defense (1993–1994)
Director, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University (1989–1992)
Vice Directorate, IEEE Taipei section (2001–2002)
Directorate, Chinese Association of Electromagnetism in Life Science (1999–2004)
Associate editor, Materials Chemistry and Physics (1992–2004)
Associate professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University (1982–1985)
Researcher, Energy Conversion Devices, Inc., Troy, M
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treadmilling
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In molecular biology, treadmilling is a phenomenon observed within protein filaments of the cytoskeletons of many cells, especially in actin filaments and microtubules. It occurs when one end of a filament grows in length while the other end shrinks, resulting in a section of filament seemingly "moving" across a stratum or the cytosol. This is due to the constant removal of the protein subunits from these filaments at one end of the filament, while protein subunits are constantly added at the other end. Treadmilling was discovered by Wegner, who defined the thermodynamic and kinetic constraints. Wegner recognized that: “The equilibrium constant (K) for association of a monomer with a polymer is the same at both ends, since the addition of a monomer to each end leads to the same polymer.”; a simple reversible polymer can’t treadmill; ATP hydrolysis is required. GTP is hydrolyzed for microtubule treadmilling.
Detailed process
Dynamics of the filament
The cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic part of a cell and cytoskeletal filaments constantly grow and shrink through addition and removal of subunits. Directed crawling motion of cells such as macrophages relies on directed growth of actin filaments at the cell front (leading edge).
Microfilaments
The two ends of an actin filament differ in their dynamics of subunit addition and removal. They are thus referred to as the plus end (with faster dynamics, also called barbed end) and the minus end (with slower dynamics, also calle
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram-Zet
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Ram-Zet is a progressive metal band formed in Hamar, Norway in 1998.
Genre classification
Ram-Zet's music is very diverse ranging from black metal to thrash metal. It has industrial sounds, progressive structures, and traditional instruments forming a style which some people, including band mastermind Zet, have called "schizo-metal". Their music contains many rare time signatures, unconventional harmonies, and unusual violin parts. They can be regarded as an avant-garde metal band, because of the wide range of genres influencing them.
Ram-Zet's lyrics are strongly linked to a schizophrenia theme. The lyrics of Pure Therapy, Escape, and Intra all revolve around this mental disorder. Forming a story which runs through all three albums, they feature two main characters: a schizophrenic patient in a dubious mental institution (sung by Zet), and a nurse trying to help him evade (sung by Sfinx).
History
Foundation and debut record: 1998–2000
Ram-Zet began in 1998 as a one-man project by singer and guitarist Zet (Henning Ramseth), which later evolved into a full-grown band with the arrival of Küth (drums) and Solem (bass), leading to the release of Ram-Zet's debut album Pure Therapy in September 2000.
Four more studio albums and continued touring: 2000–2013
On 17 March 2007, in the official Ram-Zet forum, Sfinx stated that Ram-Zet is working on new material and would be performing live soon. Later that month it was confirmed further on the official news section of the Ram-Ze
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulton%E2%80%93Hansen%20connectedness%20theorem
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In mathematics, the Fulton–Hansen connectedness theorem is a result from intersection theory in algebraic geometry, for the case of subvarieties of projective space with codimension large enough to make the intersection have components of dimension at least 1. It is named after William Fulton and Johan Hansen, who proved it in 1979.
The formal statement is that if V and W are irreducible algebraic subvarieties of a projective space P, all over an algebraically closed field, and if
in terms of the dimension of an algebraic variety, then the intersection U of V and W is connected.
More generally, the theorem states that if is a projective variety and is any morphism such that , then is connected, where is the diagonal in . The special case of intersections is recovered by taking , with the natural inclusion.
See also
Zariski's connectedness theorem
Grothendieck's connectedness theorem
Deligne's connectedness theorem
References
External links
PDF lectures with the result as Theorem 15.3 (attributed to Faltings, also)
Intersection theory
Theorems in algebraic geometry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opaline%20%28disambiguation%29
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Opaline may refer to:
Opaline, a group of protists
Opaline, an album by Dishwalla
Opaline glass, decorative French glass
Opaline silica: an amorphous or cryptocrystalline form of hydrated silica SiO2·nH2O (Opal)
Opaline, a colour mutation of the budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demand%20optimization
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Demand optimization is the application of processes and tools to maximize return on sales. This usually involves the application of mathematical modeling techniques using computer software.
It has particular applications in retail, where merchants wish to identify the best combination of price and promotion to achieve desired sales, gross margin, inventory or market share objectives.
The methods used are similar to those applied in the related field of supply chain optimization, where mathematical algorithms are applied to large databases of sales data to help predict future outcomes. In the case of demand optimization, as well as in house sales history, there may be competitive pricing information.
Because it is still a new field, authoritative data on the benefits of demand optimization is not widely available, although suppliers offer case studies of early adopters which claim rapid return on investment, especially in the optimization of the timing and level of price markdowns.
See also
Demand shortfall
Price
Profit maximization
Yield management
Price discrimination
References
Pricing
Mathematical optimization in business
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordycepin
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Cordycepin, or 3'-deoxyadenosine, is a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine, differing from the latter by the replacement of the hydroxy group in the 3' position with a hydrogen. It was initially extracted from the fungus Cordyceps militaris, but can now be produced synthetically. It is also found in other Cordyceps species as well as Ophiocordyceps sinensis.
Cordycepin is produced in cordyceps as a means of infecting insect populations, due to cordycepin's biological activity
Because cordycepin is similar to adenosine, some enzymes cannot discriminate between the two. It can therefore participate in certain biochemical reactions (for example, 3-dA can trigger the premature termination of mRNA synthesis). By acting as an adenosine analog, cordycepin was found to be the most potent molecular circadian clock resetter out of several screened compounds.
Cordycepin has displayed cytotoxicity against some leukemic cell lines in vitro. Additionally, cordycepin has been shown to display an effect in some types of other cancers, such as lung, renal, colon, and breast cancer. Cordycepin has been shown to reduce viable A549 lung cancer cell populations by 50%.
Cordycepin has been found to produce rapid, robust imipramine-like antidepressant effects in animal models of depression, and these effects, similarly to those of imipramine, are dependent on enhancement of AMPA receptor signaling.
Cordycepin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory qualities, as well as the ability to def
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Iodothyronamine
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3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) is an endogenous thyronamine. T1AM is a high-affinity ligand for the trace amine-associated receptor TAAR1 (TAR1, TA1), a recently discovered G protein-coupled receptor. T1AM is the most potent endogenous TAAR1 agonist yet discovered. Activation of TAAR1 by T1AM results in the production of large amounts of cAMP. This effect is coupled with decreased body temperature and cardiac output. Wu et al. have pointed out that this relationship is not typical of the endocrine system, indicating that TAAR1 activity may not be coupled to G-proteins in some tissues, or that T1AM may interact with other receptor subtypes.
T1AM may be part of a signaling pathway to modulate cardiac function, as the compound can induce negative inotropic effects and decrease cardiac output.
See also
O-Phenyl-3-iodotyramine
Trace amine
References
External links
Biogenic amines
Iodinated tyrosine derivatives
Phenol ethers
Phenethylamines
Thyroid
TAAR1 agonists
Trace amines
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian%20and%20Eulerian%20specification%20of%20the%20flow%20field
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In classical field theories, the Lagrangian specification of the flow field is a way of looking at fluid motion where the observer follows an individual fluid parcel as it moves through space and time. Plotting the position of an individual parcel through time gives the pathline of the parcel. This can be visualized as sitting in a boat and drifting down a river.
The Eulerian specification of the flow field is a way of looking at fluid motion that focuses on specific locations in the space through which the fluid flows as time passes. This can be visualized by sitting on the bank of a river and watching the water pass the fixed location.
The Lagrangian and Eulerian specifications of the flow field are sometimes loosely denoted as the Lagrangian and Eulerian frame of reference. However, in general both the Lagrangian and Eulerian specification of the flow field can be applied in any observer's frame of reference, and in any coordinate system used within the chosen frame of reference.
These specifications are reflected in computational fluid dynamics, where "Eulerian" simulations employ a fixed mesh while "Lagrangian" ones (such as meshfree simulations) feature simulation nodes that may move following the velocity field.
Description
In the Eulerian specification of a field, the field is represented as a function of position x and time t. For example, the flow velocity is represented by a function
On the other hand, in the Lagrangian specification, individual fluid par
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramberg%E2%80%93Osgood%20relationship
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The Ramberg–Osgood equation was created to describe the non linear relationship between stress and strain—that is, the stress–strain curve—in materials near their yield points. It is especially applicable to metals that harden with plastic deformation (see work hardening), showing a smooth elastic-plastic transition. As it is a phenomenological model, checking the fit of the model with actual experimental data for the particular material of interest is essential.
In its original form, the equation for strain (deformation) is
here
is strain,
is stress,
is Young's modulus, and
and are constants that depend on the material being considered. In this form K and n are not the same as the constants commonly seen in the Hollomon equation.
The equation is essentially assuming the elastic strain portion of the stress-strain curve, , can be modeled with a line, while the plastic portion, , can be modeling with a power law. The elastic and plastic components are summed to find the total strain.
The first term on the right side, , is equal to the elastic part of the strain, while the second term, , accounts for the plastic part, the parameters and describing the hardening behavior of the material. Introducing the yield strength of the material, , and defining a new parameter, , related to as , it is convenient to rewrite the term on the extreme right side as follows:
Replacing in the first expression, the Ramberg–Osgood equation can be written as
Hardening behavior and y
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium%28III%29%20bromide
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Gallium(III) bromide (GaBr3) is a chemical compound, and one of four gallium trihalides.
Introduction
Gallium(III) bromide is, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, a white, crystalline powder which reacts favorably and exothermically with water. Solid gallium tribromide is stable at room temperature and can be found primarily in its dimeric form. GaBr3 can form an intermediate halide, Ga2Br7; however, this is not as common as with GaCl3. It is a member of the gallium trihalide group and is similar to GaCl3, and GaI3, but not GaF3, in its preparation and uses. GaBr3 is a milder Lewis acid than AlBr3, and has more versatile chemistry due to the comparative ease of reducing gallium, but is more reactive than GaCl3.
GaBr3 is similar spectroscopically to aluminum, indium, and thallium trihalides excluding trifluorides.
Preparation
One method of preparing GaBr3 is to heat elemental gallium in the presence of bromine liquid under vacuum. Following the highly exothermic reaction, the mixture is allowed to rest and then subjected to various purifying steps. This method from the turn of the twentieth century remains a useful way of preparing GaBr3. Historically, gallium was obtained by electrolysis of its hydroxide in solution of potassium hydroxide, however today it is obtained as a byproduct of aluminium and zinc production.
GaBr3 can be synthesized by exposing gallium to bromine in an environment free of water, oxygen and grease. The result is a gas which must be
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3%27-Phosphoadenosine-5%27-phosphosulfate
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3′-Phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) is a derivative of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) that is phosphorylated at the 3′ position and has a sulfate group attached to the 5′ phosphate. It is the most common coenzyme in sulfotransferase reactions and hence part of sulfation pathways. It is endogenously synthesized by organisms via the phosphorylation of adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (APS), an intermediary metabolite. In humans such reaction is performed by bifunctional 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate synthases (PAPSS1 and PAPSS2) using ATP as the phosphate donor.
Formation and reduction
APS and PAPS are intermediates in the reduction of sulfate to sulfite, an exothermic conversion that is carried out by sulfate-reducing bacteria. In these organisms, sulfate serves as an electron acceptor, akin to the use of O2 as an electron acceptor by aerobic organisms. Sulfate is not reduced directly but must be activated by the formation of APS or PAPS. These carriers of activated sulfate are produced by reaction with ATP. The first reaction is catalysed by ATP sulfurylase:
SO42− + ATP ⇌ APS + PPi
The conversion of APS to PAPS is catalysed by APS kinase:
APS + ATP ⇌ PAPS + ADP
Reduction of APS leads to sulfite, which is further reduced to hydrogen sulfide, which is excreted. This process is called dissimilatory sulfate reduction. Reduction of PAPS, a more elaborated sulfate ester, leads also to hydrogen sulfide. But in this case, the product is used in biosynthe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium%28III%29%20iodide
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Gallium(III) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula GaI3. A yellow hygroscopic solid, it is the most common iodide of gallium. In the chemical vapor transport method of growing crystals of gallium arsenide uses iodine as the transport agent. In the solid state, it exists as the dimer Ga2I6. When vaporized, its forms GaI3 molecules of D3h symmetry where the Ga–I distance is 2.458 Angstroms.
Gallium triiodide can be reduced with gallium metal to give a green-colored gallium(I) iodide. The nature of this species is unclear, but it is useful for the preparation of gallium(I) and gallium(II) compounds.
See also
Gallium halides
References
Cited sources
Iodides
Gallium compounds
Metal halides
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium%28III%29%20oxide
|
Gallium(III) oxide is an inorganic compound and ultra-wide-bandgap semiconductor with the formula Ga2O3. It is actively studied for applications in power electronics, phosphors, and gas sensing. The compound has several polymorphs, of which the monoclinic β-phase is the most stable. The β-phase’s bandgap of 4.7–4.9 eV and large-area, native substrates make it a promising competitor to GaN and SiC-based power electronics applications and solar-blind UV photodetectors. The orthorhombic ĸ-Ga2O3 is the second most stable polymorph. The ĸ-phase has shown instability of subsurface doping density under thermal exposure. Ga2O3 exhibits reduced thermal conductivity and electron mobility by an order of magnitude compared to GaN and SiC, but is predicted to be significantly more cost-effective due to being the only wide-bandgap material capable of being grown from melt. β-Ga2O3 is thought to be radiation-hard, which makes it promising for military and space applications.
Preparation
Gallium trioxide is precipitated in hydrated form upon neutralization of acidic or basic solution of gallium salt. Also, it is formed on heating gallium in air or by thermally decomposing gallium nitrate at 200–250 °C.
Crystalline Ga2O3 can occur in five polymorphs, α, β, γ, δ, and ε. Of these polymorphs β-Ga2O3 is the most thermodynamically stable phase at standard temperature and pressure while α-Ga2O3 is the most stable polymorph under high pressures.
β-Ga2O3 epitaxial thin films can be deposited het
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium%28III%29%20selenide
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Gallium(III) selenide (Ga2Se3) is a chemical compound. It has a defect sphalerite (cubic form of ZnS) structure. It is a p-type semiconductor
It can be formed by union of the elements. It hydrolyses slowly in water and quickly in mineral acids to form toxic hydrogen selenide gas. The reducing capabilities of the selenide ion make it vulnerable to oxidizing agents. It is advised therefore that it not come into contact with bases.
References
Selenides
Gallium compounds
Semiconductor materials
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