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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten%28IV%29%20oxide
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Tungsten(IV) oxide is the chemical compound with the formula WO2. The bronze-colored solid crystallizes in a monoclinic cell. The rutile-like structure features distorted octahedral WO6 centers with alternate short W–W bonds (248 pm). Each tungsten center has the d2 configuration, which gives the material a high electrical conductivity.
WO2 is prepared by reduction of WO3 with tungsten powder over the course of 40 hours at 900 °C. An intermediate in this reaction is the partially reduced, mixed valence species W18O49.
2 WO3 + W → 3 WO2
The molybdenum analogue MoO2 is prepared similarly. Single crystals are obtained by chemical transport technique using iodine. Iodine transports the WO2 in the form of the volatile species WO2I2.
References
Tungsten compounds
Transition metal oxides
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engalsvik
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Engelsviken is a village in Fredrikstad municipality, Norway. As of 2003 it is considered by Statistics Norway as a part of the Greater Lervik area.
In popular culture
In the television show Bones, a real human skeleton tied to a cross was found being used as a stage prop for a Black Metal band in Engelsvik.
References
Fredrikstad
Villages in Østfold
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten%28VI%29%20oxytetrachloride
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Tungsten(VI) oxytetrachloride is the inorganic compound with the formula WOCl4. This diamagnetic solid is used to prepare other complexes of tungsten. The red crystalline compound is soluble in nonpolar solvents but it reacts with alcohols and water and forms adducts with Lewis bases.
Structure
The solid consists of weakly associated square pyramidal monomers. The compound is classified as an oxyhalide.
Synthesis and reactions
WOCl4 is prepared from tungsten trioxide:
WO3 + 2 SOCl2 → WOCl4 + 2 SO2
WCl6 + (Me3Si)2O → WOCl4 + 2 Me3SiCl
WOCl4 is Lewis acidic. It is a precursor to catalysts used for polymerization of alkynes.
References
Chlorides
Metal halides
Oxychlorides
Tungsten compounds
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Canadian%20plants%20by%20genus%20D
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Below is a list of Canadian plants by genus. Due to the vastness of Canada's biodiversity, this page is divided.
This is a (partial) list of the plant species considered native to Canada. Many of the plants seen in Canada are introduced, either intentionally or accidentally. For these plants, see List of introduced species to Canada.
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I J K | L | M | N | O | P Q | R | S | T | U V W | X Y Z
Da
Dalea — prairie clovers
Dalea purpurea — prairie clover
Dalibarda — dewdrops
Dalibarda repens — dewdrop, false violet, robin-run-away, star violet
Danthonia — oatgrasses
Danthonia compressa — flattened oatgrass, flat-stemmed danthonia
Danthonia spicata — poverty oatgrass
De
Decodon — willowherbs
Decodon verticillatus — swamp willowherb, water oleander, water willow, hairy swamp loosestrife
Dennstaedtia — hay-scented ferns
Dennstaedtia punctilobula — eastern hay-scented fern
Deparia — glade ferns
Deparia acrostichoides — silvery glade fern, silvery spleenwort
Deschampsia — hairgrasses
Deschampsia atropurpurea — mountain hairgrass
Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. cespitosa — tufted hairgrass, tussock grass
Deschampsia flexuosa — wavy hairgrass, crinkled hairgrass
Descurainia — tansy-mustards
Descurainia pinnata — western tansy-mustard, green tansy-mustard, shortfruit tansy-mustard
Descurainia richardsonii — Richardson's tansy-mustard
Desmodium — tick-trefoils
Desmodium canadense — Canadian tick-trefoil, showy tick-trefoil
Desmodium
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency%20drift
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In electrical engineering, and particularly in telecommunications, frequency drift is an unintended and generally arbitrary offset of an oscillator from its nominal frequency. Causes may include component aging, changes in temperature that alter the piezoelectric effect in a crystal oscillator, or problems with a voltage regulator which controls the bias voltage to the oscillator. Frequency drift is traditionally measured in Hz/s. Frequency stability can be regarded as the absence (or a very low level) of frequency drift.
On a radio transmitter, frequency drift can cause a radio station to drift into an adjacent channel, causing illegal interference. Because of this, Frequency allocation regulations specify the allowed tolerance for such oscillators in a type-accepted device. A temperature-compensated, voltage-controlled crystal oscillator (TCVCXO) is normally used for frequency modulation.
On the receiver side, frequency drift was mainly a problem in early tuners, particularly for analog dial tuning, and especially on FM, which exhibits a capture effect. However, the use of a phase-locked loop (PLL) essentially eliminates the drift issue. For transmitters, a numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) also does not have problems with drift.
Drift differs from Doppler shift, which is a perceived difference in frequency due to motion of the source or receiver, even though the source is still producing the same wavelength. It also differs from frequency deviation, which is
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Three%20Laws%20of%20Robotics%20in%20popular%20culture
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References to Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics have appeared in a wide variety of circumstances. In some cases, other authors have explored the Laws in a serious fashion. Other references, like those made in the satirical newspaper The Onion, are clearly parodic.
Print media
The satirical newspaper The Onion published an article entitled "I, Rowboat" as a pun on Asimov's I, Robot, in which an anthropomorphic Rowboat gives a speech parodying much of the angst experienced by robots in Asimov's fiction, including a statement of the "Three Laws of Rowboatics":
A Rowboat may not immerse a human being or, through lack of flotation, allow a human to come to harm.
A Rowboat must obey all commands and steering input given by its human owner, except where such input would conflict with the First Law.
A Rowboat must preserve its own flotation as long as such preservation does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
J. L. Patterson in an illustration to an article on Asimov in Damon Knight's In Search of Wonder (2nd ed., 1967) added the following Laws: "4. A robot must behave at science fiction conventions, as long as such behavior does not conflict with the first Three Laws. 5. A robot must sell like mad."
The novel "Mirror Friend, Mirror Foe" by Robert Asprin and George Takei refers to the First Law as being included in any robot's programming. That is one of the few cases in fiction when the law is named fully (Asimov's First Law of Robotics).
Lester del Rey refers to
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aziz%20Sancar
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Aziz Sancar (born 8September 1946) is a Turkish-American molecular biologist specializing in DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoints, and circadian clock. In 2015, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Tomas Lindahl and Paul L. Modrich for their mechanistic studies of DNA repair. He has made contributions on photolyase and nucleotide excision repair in bacteria that have changed his field.
Sancar is currently the Sarah Graham Kenan Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine and a member of the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. He is the co-founder of the Aziz & Gwen Sancar Foundation, which is a non-profit organization to promote Turkish culture and to support Turkish students in the United States.
Early life
Aziz Sancar was born on 8 September 1946 to a lower-middle-class Anatolian Arab family in the Savur district of Mardin Province, southeastern Turkey. His oldest brother Kenan Sancar is a retired brigadier general in the Turkish Armed Forces. He is the second cousin of the politician Mithat Sancar, who is a member of parliament from and chairman of HDP. He was the seventh of eight children.
His parents were uneducated; however, they put great emphasis on his education. He was educated by idealistic teachers who received their education in the Village Institutes, he later stated that this was a great inspiration to him. Throughout his school life, Sancar had great academic success that was note
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornstein%20isomorphism%20theorem
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In mathematics, the Ornstein isomorphism theorem is a deep result in ergodic theory. It states that if two Bernoulli schemes have the same Kolmogorov entropy, then they are isomorphic. The result, given by Donald Ornstein in 1970, is important because it states that many systems previously believed to be unrelated are in fact isomorphic; these include all finite stationary stochastic processes, including Markov chains and subshifts of finite type, Anosov flows and Sinai's billiards, ergodic automorphisms of the n-torus, and the continued fraction transform.
Discussion
The theorem is actually a collection of related theorems. The first theorem states that if two different Bernoulli shifts have the same Kolmogorov entropy, then they are isomorphic as dynamical systems. The third theorem extends this result to flows: namely, that there exists a flow such that is a Bernoulli shift. The fourth theorem states that, for a given fixed entropy, this flow is unique, up to a constant rescaling of time. The fifth theorem states that there is a single, unique flow (up to a constant rescaling of time) that has infinite entropy. The phrase "up to a constant rescaling of time" means simply that if and are two Bernoulli flows with the same entropy, then for some constant c. The developments also included proofs that factors of Bernoulli shifts are isomorphic to Bernoulli shifts, and gave criteria for a given measure-preserving dynamical system to be isomorphic to a Bernoulli shift
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric%20model
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In atmospheric science, an atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive, dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.
Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terbium%28III%29%20oxide
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Terbium(III) oxide, also known as terbium sesquioxide, is a sesquioxide of the rare earth metal terbium, having chemical formula . It is a p-type semiconductor, which conducts protons, which is enhanced when doped with calcium. It may be prepared by the reduction of in hydrogen at 1300 °C for 24 hours.
It is a basic oxide and easily dissolved to dilute acids, and then almost colourless terbium salt is formed.
Tb2O3 + 6 H+ → 2 Tb3+ + 3 H2O
The crystal structure is cubic and the lattice constant is a = 1057 pm.
References
Terbium compounds
Sesquioxides
Semiconductor materials
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov%20renewal%20process
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Markov renewal processes are a class of random processes in probability and statistics that generalize the class of Markov jump processes. Other classes of random processes, such as Markov chains and Poisson processes, can be derived as special cases among the class of Markov renewal processes, while Markov renewal processes are special cases among the more general class of renewal processes.
Definition
In the context of a jump process that takes states in a state space , consider the set of random variables , where represents the jump times and represents the associated states in the sequence of states (see Figure). Let the sequence of inter-arrival times . In order for the sequence to be considered a Markov renewal process the following condition should hold:
Relation to other stochastic processes
Let and be as defined in the previous statement. Defining a new stochastic process for , then the process is called a semi-Markov process as it happens in a continuous-time Markov chain. The process is Markovian only at the specified jump instants, justifying the name semi-Markov. (See also: hidden semi-Markov model.)
A semi-Markov process (defined in the above bullet point) in which all the holding times are exponentially distributed is called a continuous-time Markov chain. In other words, if the inter-arrival times are exponentially distributed and if the waiting time in a state and the next state reached are independent, we have a continuous-time Markov chain.
Th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20field%20potential
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Local field potentials (LFP) are transient electrical signals generated in nerves and other tissues by the summed and synchronous electrical activity of the individual cells (e.g. neurons) in that tissue. LFP are "extracellular" signals, meaning that they are generated by transient imbalances in ion concentrations in the spaces outside the cells, that result from cellular electrical activity. LFP are 'local' because they are recorded by an electrode placed nearby the generating cells. As a result of the Inverse-square law, such electrodes can only 'see' potentials in spatially limited radius. They are 'potentials' because they are generated by the voltage that results from charge separation in the extracellular space. They are 'field' because those extracellular charge separations essentially create a local electric field. LFP are typically recorded with a high-impedance microelectrode placed in the midst of the population of cells generating it. They can be recorded, for example, via a microelectrode placed in the brain of a human or animal subject, or in an in vitro brain thin slice.
Background
During local field potential recordings, a signal is recorded using an extracellular microelectrode placed sufficiently far from individual local neurons to prevent any particular cell from dominating the electrophysiological signal. This signal is then low-pass filtered, cut off at ~300 Hz, to obtain the local field potential (LFP) that can be recorded electronically or displa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TC-PAM
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Trellis-coded pulse-amplitude modulation (TC-PAM) is the modulation format that is used in HDSL2 and G.SHDSL. It is a variant of trellis coded modulation (TCM) which uses a one-dimensional pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) symbol space, as opposed to a two-dimensional quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbol space. Compared to the 2B1Q scheme used in the older HDSL and SDSL standards, TC-PAM improves range at a given bit-rate and provides enhanced spectral compatibility with ADSL.
TC-PAM is also known as 4B1H, because it uses 16 levels to represents a 4 digit binary, 4 Binary 1 Hexadecimal.
References
Quantized radio modulation modes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizing%27s%20theorem
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In graph theory, Vizing's theorem states that every simple undirected graph may be edge colored using a number of colors that is at most one larger than the maximum degree of the graph. At least colors are always necessary, so the undirected graphs may be partitioned into two classes: "class one" graphs for which colors suffice, and "class two" graphs for which colors are necessary. A more general version of Vizing's theorem states that every undirected multigraph without loops can be colored with at most colors, where is the multiplicity of the multigraph. The theorem is named for Vadim G. Vizing who published it in 1964.
Discovery
The theorem discovered by Russian mathematician Vadim G. Vizing was published in 1964 when Vizing was working in Novosibirsk and became known as Vizing's theorem. Indian mathematician R. P. Gupta independently discovered the theorem, while undertaking his doctorate (1965-1967).
Examples
When , the graph must itself be a matching, with no two edges adjacent, and its edge chromatic number is one. That is, all graphs with are of class one.
When , the graph must be a disjoint union of paths and cycles. If all cycles are even, they can be 2-edge-colored by alternating the two colors around each cycle. However, if there exists at least one odd cycle, then no 2-edge-coloring is possible. That is, a graph with is of class one if and only if it is bipartite.
Proof
This proof is inspired by .
Let be a simple undirected graph. We proceed by i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jun%C3%ADn%20National%20Reserve
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Junín National Reserve is a protected area located in the region of Junín, Peru. One of its main purposes is to protect the ecosystem and biodiversity of Lake Junín and the surrounding Central Andean wet puna.
Ecology
Flora
Land native plant species found in the reserve include: Plantago rigida, Calamagrostis vicunarum, Paranephelius ovatus, Lobelia oligophylla, Baccharis tricuneata, Jarava ichu, Alchemilla pinnata, Festuca dolychophylla, Chuquiraga spinosa, Geranium sessiliflorum, Distichia muscoides, Ribes cuneifolium, Azorella diapensioides, Austrocylindropuntia floccosa, Lupinus brachyphyllus, etc.
Aquatic native plant species found in the reserve include: Schoenoplectus californicus, Elodea potamogeton, Juncus arcticus, Myriophyllum quitense, Chara fragilis, Potamogeton spp., etc.
Fauna
Some of the birds found in the reserve include: the Junin grebe, the Junin crake (both species endemic to this lake); the Puna teal, the common gallinule, the Andean goose, the Chilean flamingo, the ruddy duck, the yellow-billed pintail, the silvery grebe, the Andean gull, etc.
Among the mammals found in the reserve are: the Andean fox, the northern viscacha, the Molina's hog-nosed skunk, the montane guinea pig, the Pampas cat, the long-tailed weasel, etc.
References
National Reservations of Peru
Ramsar sites in Peru
Geography of Junín Region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracas%20National%20Reserve
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Paracas National Reserve is a protected area located in the region of Ica, Peru and protects desert and marine ecosystems for their conservation and sustainable use. There are also archaeological remains of the Paracas culture inside the reserve.
Geography
The reserve is located in the region of Ica, 250 km south of Lima, and a few kilometers from the town of Pisco.
It spans an area of 335,000 hectares, 65% of which correspond to marine ecosystems. The highest elevation in the reserve is 786 m.
The reserve includes coastal geographic features such as: the Paracas Peninsula, Independencia Bay, San Gallán Island, Paracas Bay and Independencia Island.
Climate
Paracas National Reserve is an arid zone, with intense local winds known as paracas. Precipitation is scarce and occurs in winter, falling mostly on the top of the highest hills, which is vital to the lomas ecosystem. The following climograph corresponds to the nearby town of Pisco (19 m of elevation).
Ecology
Flora
Some terrestrial plant species found in the reserve are: Tiquilia paronychoides, Prosopis pallida, Distichlis spicata, Tillandsia spp., Eriosyce omasensis, Geoffroea decorticans, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Cressa truxillensis, Geranium limae, Suaeda foliosa, Oxalis carnosa, etc.
Marine algae found in the reserve include: Ulva lactuca, Chondracanthus chamissoi, Macrocystis pyrifera, Pyropia columbina, etc.
Fauna
The Paracas National Reserve houses a great biological diversity, especially in the marine-c
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titicaca%20National%20Reserve
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The Titicaca National Reservation is located in the Puno Region, Peru, in the Puno and Huancané provinces. Its main purpose is to preserve the ecosystems and landscapes of the Titicaca lake and surrounding Central Andean wet puna ecoregion.
See also
Iperu, tourist information and assistance
Tourism in Peru
References
External links
Map of the Puno Region showing the two parts of Titicaca National Reservation
www.enjoyperu.com / Titicaca National Reservation (Spanish)
National Reservations of Peru
Lake Titicaca
Geography of Puno Region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20precursor
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A protein precursor, also called a pro-protein or pro-peptide, is an inactive protein (or peptide) that can be turned into an active form by post-translational modification, such as breaking off a piece of the molecule or adding on another molecule. The name of the precursor for a protein is often prefixed by pro-. Examples include proinsulin and proopiomelanocortin, which are both prohormones.
Protein precursors are often used by an organism when the subsequent protein is potentially harmful, but needs to be available on short notice and/or in large quantities. Enzyme precursors are called zymogens or proenzymes. Examples are enzymes of the digestive tract in humans.
Some protein precursors are secreted from the cell. Many of these are synthesized with an N-terminal signal peptide that targets them for secretion. Like other proteins that contain a signal peptide, their name is prefixed by pre. They are thus called pre-pro-proteins or pre-pro-peptides. The signal peptide is cleaved off in the endoplasmic reticulum. An example is preproinsulin.
Pro-sequences are areas in the protein that are essential for its correct folding, usually in the transition of a protein from an inactive to an active state. Pro-sequences may also be involved in pro-protein transport and secretion.
Pro-domain (or prodomain) is the domain of a proprotein.
References
External links
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial%20fuel%20cell
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Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a type of bioelectrochemical fuel cell system also known as micro fuel cell that
generates electric current by diverting electrons produced from the microbial oxidation of reduced compounds (also known as fuel or electron donor) on the anode to oxidized compounds such as oxygen (also known as oxidizing agent or electron acceptor) on the cathode through an external electrical circuit. MFCs produce electricity by using the electrons derived from biochemical reactions catalyzed by bacteria.
MFCs can be grouped into two general categories: mediated and unmediated. The first MFCs, demonstrated in the early 20th century, used a mediator: a chemical that transfers electrons from the bacteria in the cell to the anode. Unmediated MFCs emerged in the 1970s; in this type of MFC the bacteria typically have electrochemically active redox proteins such as cytochromes on their outer membrane that can transfer electrons directly to the anode. In the 21st century MFCs have started to find commercial use in wastewater treatment.
History
The idea of using microbes to produce electricity was conceived in the early twentieth century. Michael Cressé Potter initiated the subject in 1911. Potter managed to generate electricity from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but the work received little coverage. In 1931, Barnett Cohen created microbial half fuel cells that, when connected in series, were capable of producing over 35 volts with only a current of 2 milliamps.
A study b
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofuel%20cell
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A biofuel cell uses living organisms to produce electricity. It may refer to:
Microbial fuel cell, a bio-electrochemical system that drives a current by using bacteria and mimicking bacterial interactions found in nature
Enzymatic biofuel cell, a type of fuel cell that uses enzymes rather than precious metals as a catalyst to oxidize its fuel
See also
Biobattery
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity%20in%20Israel%20and%20Palestine
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Biodiversity in Palestine is about the fauna and flora in the geographical region of the State of Palestine (the West Bank and the Gaza Strip). This geographical area within the historical region of Palestine extends from the Jordan River and Wadi Araba in the east, to the Mediterranean Sea and the Sinai desert in the west, to Lebanon in the north, and to the gulf of Aqaba, or Eilat in the south.
The area is part of the Palearctic realm, located in the Mediterranean Basin, whose climate supports the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome. This includes the Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests and the Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests ecoregions.
There are five different geographical zones and the climate varies from semi-arid to temperate to subtropical. The region is home to a variety of plants and animals; at least 47,000 living species have been identified, with another 4,000 assumed to exist. 116 species of mammals are native to Palestine, as well as 511 bird species, 97 reptile species, and seven amphibian species. There are also an estimated 2,780 plant species.
Geography
The region of Palestine with the Gaza Strip, Israel, and the West Bank are located at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea, traditionally called the Levant. Israel is bounded on the north by Lebanon and on the northeast by Syria. Jordan lies to the east and southeast of the West Bank and Israel; Israel and the Gaza Strip are bordered
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20E.%20Mylonas
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George Emmanuel Mylonas (Γεώργιος Εμμανουήλ Μυλωνάς, 9 December 1898, in Smyrna (now Izmir, Turkey) – 15 April 1988, Greece) was a prominent Greek and Aegean archaeologist.
Early life
While a student in Athens during the Greco–Turkish War of 1919–1922, he joined the Greek Army and was later taken prisoner. While a prisoner of war he lost enough weight that the permanent ID band on his wrist was easily taken on and off and exchanged with other prisoners. His future wife fled Asia Minor with only her tennis racket and spent the war living with family friends in Greece.
Mylonas was in Smyrna when the city was destroyed by the Turks in late September 1922. He remarked that the family silver was saved for him by a Turkish neighbor, though the rest of the family home, with the artwork, was confiscated by the government and never repatriated.
Academic career
Following the war, he returned to his studies (he had been awarded his B.A. from the International College in Smyrna in 1918) and earned a doctorate from the University of Athens in 1927 with a dissertation entitled The Neolithic Period in Greece. About this time he also worked as bursar at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. In 1928 he emigrated to America to study at Johns Hopkins University and from that institution received a second Ph.D. the following year. At Johns Hopkins he was a student of David Moore Robinson. He was married to Lela, both of them having been born in Asia Minor.
Before being naturali
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTASC
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MTASC (Motion-Twin ActionScript 2 Compiler) is an ActionScript 2.0 compiler written in the OCaml programming language by the company Motion Twin. It is free software and can be used alone or with other tools like swfmill to produce SWF files, which contain interactive multimedia content playable with the Flash Player. MTASC is also much faster than the Adobe Flash ActionScript compiler.
MTASC is built with optimizing OCaml compilers, and thus provides a speed improvement over the Macromedia Compiler (MMC). MTASC corrects several safety problems that occur when using MMC. The MTASC compiler is stricter than MMC and can detect more errors than MMC; because of this strictness, there are some differences between MMC and MTASC.
MTASC is not compatible with ActionScript 2.0 in the local variables scoping, local function definitions, etc.
MTASC will not support ActionScript 3.0, which is supported by its successor, Haxe.
See also
References
External links
Extension:Flashlets.php at OrganicDesign Wiki
Adobe Flash
Free compilers and interpreters
OCaml software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platygastroidea
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The Hymenopteran superfamily of parasitoid wasps, Platygastroidea, has often been treated as a lineage within the superfamily Proctotrupoidea, but most classifications since 1977 have recognized it as an independent group within the Proctotrupomorpha. It is presently has some 4000 described species. They are exclusively parasitic in nature.
The family Scelionidae was briefly considered to be a subfamily of the Platygastridae, though subsequent analyses have reversed this decision. Chen et al (2021) recognizes eight families, including five new extant families (Geoscelionidae, Janzenellidae, Neuroscelionidae, Nixoniidae, and Sparasionidae) and one extinct family †Proterosceliopsidae, known from fossils found in Cretaceous amber. Members of the group are known from the Early Cretaceous to present. The ancestral hosts of the group are orthopterans, with various lineages switching hosts to other insects.
References
External links
Bugguide.net. Superfamily Platygastroidea
Apocrita superfamilies
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhoys%20Wiggins
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Rhoys Barrie Wiggins (born 4 November 1987) is a former professional footballer who played as a left back.
Wiggins began his career at Crystal Palace, from where he had his first spell on loan to AFC Bournemouth. After just one first-team appearance for Palace, he signed for Norwich City, but soon found himself again on loan at Bournemouth, for whom he signed a permanent contract in 2010. A season later, he joined Charlton Athletic, where he spent four years of regular first-team football. After a brief spell with Sheffield Wednesday, he returned to Bournemouth, by then in the Premier League, in January 2016, but did not play. He signed on loan at Birmingham City the following August, but was seriously injured in his second match and retired from football in May 2018.
Born in England, Wiggins has represented Wales in international football from under-17 to under-21 level.
Club career
Crystal Palace
Wiggins was born in Uxbridge, England. He came through the academy at Crystal Palace, played regularly for their reserve team, and was shortlisted for the 2006 Football League Championship Apprentice of the Year, but lost out to Derby County's Lewin Nyatanga. In the summer of 2006, he signed his first professional contract with the club, but his progress was disrupted when he ruptured knee ligaments in a pre-season friendly against Palace's feeder academy, Crystal Palace Baltimore. He needed reconstructive surgery, and was sidelined for the rest of that season.
Although manage
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium%28IV%29%20carbide
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Thorium(IV) carbide (ThC) is an inorganic thorium compound and a carbide.
References
Bibliography
Carbides
Thorium compounds
Rock salt crystal structure
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitney%20extension%20theorem
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In mathematics, in particular in mathematical analysis, the Whitney extension theorem is a partial converse to Taylor's theorem. Roughly speaking, the theorem asserts that if A is a closed subset of a Euclidean space, then it is possible to extend a given function of A in such a way as to have prescribed derivatives at the points of A. It is a result of Hassler Whitney.
Statement
A precise statement of the theorem requires careful consideration of what it means to prescribe the derivative of a function on a closed set. One difficulty, for instance, is that closed subsets of Euclidean space in general lack a differentiable structure. The starting point, then, is an examination of the statement of Taylor's theorem.
Given a real-valued Cm function f(x) on Rn, Taylor's theorem asserts that for each a, x, y ∈ Rn, there is a function Rα(x,y) approaching 0 uniformly as x,y → a such that
where the sum is over multi-indices α.
Let fα = Dαf for each multi-index α. Differentiating (1) with respect to x, and possibly replacing R as needed, yields
where Rα is o(|x − y|m−|α|) uniformly as x,y → a.
Note that () may be regarded as purely a compatibility condition between the functions fα which must be satisfied in order for these functions to be the coefficients of the Taylor series of the function f. It is this insight which facilitates the following statement:
Theorem. Suppose that fα are a collection of functions on a closed subset A of Rn for all multi-indices α with satis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method%20of%20moments%20%28probability%20theory%29
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In probability theory, the method of moments is a way of proving convergence in distribution by proving convergence of a sequence of moment sequences. Suppose X is a random variable and that all of the moments
exist. Further suppose the probability distribution of X is completely determined by its moments, i.e., there is no other probability distribution with the same sequence of moments
(cf. the problem of moments). If
for all values of k, then the sequence {Xn} converges to X in distribution.
The method of moments was introduced by Pafnuty Chebyshev for proving the central limit theorem; Chebyshev cited earlier contributions by Irénée-Jules Bienaymé. More recently, it has been applied by Eugene Wigner to prove Wigner's semicircle law, and has since found numerous applications in the theory of random matrices.
Notes
Moment (mathematics)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mertens%27%20theorem
|
For Mertens' results on the distribution of prime numbers, see Mertens' theorems.
For Mertens' result on convergence of Cauchy products of series, see Cauchy product.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kretshnif%20%28Hasidic%20dynasty%29
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Kretshnif (; also transliterated Kretshniv, Kretchinev, Kretchniv, or Kretshniff) is a dynasty in Hasidic Judaism that comes from the Nadvorna dynasty, named for Crăciunești in present day Romania. The founding rebbe (hereditary rabbinical dynastic leader) was Meir Rosenbaum, a son of Mordechai, rebbe of Nadvorna. His sons and successors included Eliezer Zev in Kretshnif and Sighit, and Issamar of Nadvorna (d. 1973) in Chernowitz. The descendant rabbis of this dynasty are mainly in Israel, New York City, England, and Canada.
Dynasty
Grand Rabbi Meir Rosenbaum of Nadvorna-Kretshniff (d. 1908), son of Rabbi Mordechai Leifer (changed last name to Rosenbaum), son-in-law of Rabbi Yechiel Michel Tirer of Dorohoi
Grand Rabbi Eliezer Zev Rosenbaum of Kretshniff (d. 1944) author of Raza d'Shabbos, son of Rabbi Meir of Kretshniff
Grand Rabbi Nissan Chaim Rosenbaum, of Bradshin, son of Rabbi Eliezer Zev of Kretshniff
Grand Rabbi Tzvi Hirsch Rosenbaum of Kretshniff-Sighet (1920-2006) in Jerusalem, son of Rabbi Nissan Chaim of Bradshin, son in law of Rabbi Chaim Mordechai Rosenbaum of Nadvorna
Grand Rabbi Nissan Chaim Rosenbaum of Kretshniff-Jerusalem, son of Rabbi Tzvi Hirsch Rosenbaum of Kretchnif-Sighit in Jerusalem,
Grand Rabbi Zeidel Rosenbaum of Kretshniff-New York, son of Rabbi Tzvi Hirsch Rosenbaum of Kretchnif-Sighit
Grand Rabbi David Moshe Rosenbaum of Kretshniff (d. 1969), son of Rabbi Eliezer Zev, son-in-law of Rabbi Chaim Mordechai of Nadvorna
Grand Rabbi Menachem Elie
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCAI
|
SCAI may refer to:
Specialty Coffee Association of Indonesia
Scientific Computer Applications Inc.
SCAI, the Fraunhofer-Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, see Fraunhofer Society#Institutes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%20function%20theory
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Geometric function theory is the study of geometric properties of analytic functions. A fundamental result in the theory is the Riemann mapping theorem.
Topics in geometric function theory
The following are some of the most important topics in geometric function theory:
Conformal maps
A conformal map is a function which preserves angles locally. In the most common case the function has a domain and range in the complex plane.
More formally, a map,
with
is called conformal (or angle-preserving) at a point if it preserves oriented angles between curves through with respect to their orientation (i.e., not just the magnitude of the angle). Conformal maps preserve both angles and the shapes of infinitesimally small figures, but not necessarily their size or curvature.
Quasiconformal maps
In mathematical complex analysis, a quasiconformal mapping, introduced by and named by , is a homeomorphism between plane domains which to first order takes small circles to small ellipses of bounded eccentricity.
Intuitively, let f : D → D′ be an orientation-preserving homeomorphism between open sets in the plane. If f is continuously differentiable, then it is K-quasiconformal if the derivative of f at every point maps circles to ellipses with eccentricity bounded by K.
If K is 0, then the function is conformal.
Analytic continuation
Analytic continuation is a technique to extend the domain of a given analytic function. Analytic continuation often succeeds in defining further
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piccolo%20bass
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A piccolo bass is either an electric bass or acoustic double bass which has been tuned to a higher frequency, usually one octave higher than conventional bass tuning. This allows bass players to use higher registers during soloing while retaining a familiar scale length and string spacing.
History
In the early 1970s, Ron Carter and Stanley Clarke were independently exploring the possibilities of stringing their instruments in a higher, or piccolo, tuning. Clarke’s idea for piccolo bass originally came from luthier Carl Thompson. The earliest recording of Carter playing piccolo bass is on the 1973 album Blues Farm.
Design considerations
Acoustic piccolo bass
The acoustic piccolo bass is constructed in the same way as a double bass, allowing the player to use the same arco and pizzicato techniques. The scale length will usually be similar to that of standard upright bass, with thinner strings to allow a higher-pitched tuning. The acoustic piccolo bass is usually tuned in fourths, E2-A2-D3-G3, although Ron Carter often uses A1-D2-G2-C3.
Electric piccolo bass
The electric piccolo bass is generally constructed in the same way as an electric bass guitar. In many cases, these are conventional bass guitars which have been converted to piccolo tuning. This typically requires a new nut to accept the thinner strings. The tuning is E2-A2-D3-G3, which is the same as the lower four strings on a guitar. Some short-scale piccolo basses may be strung with conventional guitar strings. Howe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAVID
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MAVID is a multiple sequence alignment program suitable for the alignment of large numbers of DNA sequences. The sequences can be small mitochondrial genomes or large genomic regions up to megabases long. The latest version is 2.0.4.
The program can be used through the MAVID web server or as a standalone program which can be installed with the source code.
Input/Output
This program accepts sequences in FASTA format.
The output format includes: FASTA format, Clustal, PHYLIP.
References
.
External links
MAVID web server
Phylogenetics software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozon%20Radio%20%28Montenegro%29
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Ozon Radio is a local radio station in Montenegro. Its headquarters are in Kolašin. It operates on the FM 97.6 MHz frequency.
History
Ozon Radio began broadcasting on December 30, 1999, on the FM 97.6 MHz frequency.
Radio stations in Montenegro
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ODIN%20Technologies
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ODIN provides RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) software for the Aerospace, Government, Healthcare, Financial Services and Social Media markets. ODIN's world headquarters is located in San Diego, CA. ODIN was acquired by Quake Global in December 2012 and continues to focus on healthcare and asset tracking.
History
ODIN won a $14.6M contract from the United States Department of Defense Defense Logistics Agency (DLA).
Acquisition Activity
In December 2010 ODIN announced the acquisition of Reva Systems. Terms of the deal were not publicly disclosed. Reva raised around $35 million in venture funding from Charles River Ventures, Northbridge Partners and Cisco.
ODIN was purchased by Quake Global in 2012 for an undisclosed sum and continues to focus on healthcare and asset tracking.
See also
RFID
Information Technology
Symbol Technologies
Intermec
Omni-ID
References
"Airbus taps ODIN for RFID roll-out" RFID Update, p.
DoD Wants Your RFID Shipments: Five Steps To Compliance, RFID Solutions Online, by Scott Decker and Bret Kinsella, ODIN technologies
Pharma’s Flirtation With RFID — Will There Be A Second Date, RFID Solutions Online, by Bret Kinsella, ODIN technologies
The 5 Elements of a Successful RFID Implementation by Bret Kinsella, ODIN technologies
ODIN Benchmarks Globe-Trotting Tags RFID Journal
ODIN Benchmarks RFID Readers RFID Journal
FCC Grants ODIN Experimental License RFID Journal
UHF vs HF for Pharma RFID: And the Winner Is . . . Pharmaceutical
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspense%20account
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A suspense account is an account used temporarily to carry doubtful entries and discrepancies pending their analysis and permanent classification.
It can be a repository for monetary transactions (cash receipts, cash disbursements and journal entries) entered with invalid account numbers. The account specified may not exist, or it may be deleted/frozen. If one of these conditions applies, the transaction should be directed to a suspense account.
In branchless banking (BB) - banking through mobile for the unbanked - these accounts are used for 'money-in-transit'. For example, sender sends payment from US ACH account to a BB mobile number in Japan. The customer receives an alert on their mobile to withdraw this money from a BB agent. Until they withdraw, the remittance stays in a suspense account, earning the financial institute or the BB enabler float/interest on that money. When customer withdrawal is completed, the money moves from the suspense account to the account of the agent who facilitated the cash withdrawal.
A suspense account is an account in the general ledger in which amounts are temporarily recorded. A suspense account is used when the proper account cannot be determined at the time the transaction is recorded. When the proper account is determined, the amount will be moved from the suspense account to the proper account. It can also be used when there is a difference between the debit and credit side of a closing or trial balance, as a holding area until the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard%20Purcell
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Howard Purcell (November 10, 1918 – April 24, 1981) was an American comics artist and writer active from the 1940s Golden Age of Comic Books through the 1960s Silver Age.
A longtime penciler and cover artist for DC Comics, one of the field's two largest firms, he co-created the Golden Age characters Sargon the Sorcerer and the Gay Ghost (renamed in the 1970s the Grim Ghost) for All-American Publications, one of the companies, with National Comics and Detective Comics, that merged to form DC. Purcell also drew the famous cover of Green Lantern #1 (Fall 1941).
Biography
Early life and career
Howard Purcell, whose early influences included the adventure comic strip artists Hal Foster and Alex Raymond, as well as illustrators Harvey Dunn and Dean Cornwell, took art classes at the Art Students League of New York. He worked as an animator in New York City studios before entering the comics industry, where his earliest known credit is National's Adventure Comics #53 (Aug. 1940), for which he wrote and drew the six-page feature "Mark Lansing". The titular adventurer's exploits with subterranean races and other science fiction conceits ran through issue #62. By that time Purcell had drawn the cover of All-American Publications' All Star Comics #2 (Fall 1940) – reprinted as the cover of DC Comics' quirkily numbered, 2006 hardcover collection All Star Archives #0 – as well as the feature "Lando, Man of Magic" in World's Best Comics #1 (Spring 1941), and both the Green Lantern cover o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision%20tree%20pruning
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Pruning is a data compression technique in machine learning and search algorithms that reduces the size of decision trees by removing sections of the tree that are non-critical and redundant to classify instances. Pruning reduces the complexity of the final classifier, and hence improves predictive accuracy by the reduction of overfitting.
One of the questions that arises in a decision tree algorithm is the optimal size of the final tree. A tree that is too large risks overfitting the training data and poorly generalizing to new samples. A small tree might not capture important structural information about the sample space. However, it is hard to tell when a tree algorithm should stop because it is impossible to tell if the addition of a single extra node will dramatically decrease error. This problem is known as the horizon effect. A common strategy is to grow the tree until each node contains a small number of instances then use pruning to remove nodes that do not provide additional information.
Pruning should reduce the size of a learning tree without reducing predictive accuracy as measured by a cross-validation set. There are many techniques for tree pruning that differ in the measurement that is used to optimize performance.
Techniques
Pruning processes can be divided into two types (pre- and post-pruning).
Pre-pruning procedures prevent a complete induction of the training set by replacing a stop () criterion in the induction algorithm (e.g. max. Tree depth o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone%20code
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The histone code is a hypothesis that the transcription of genetic information encoded in DNA is in part regulated by chemical modifications (known as histone marks) to histone proteins, primarily on their unstructured ends. Together with similar modifications such as DNA methylation it is part of the epigenetic code. Histones associate with DNA to form nucleosomes, which themselves bundle to form chromatin fibers, which in turn make up the more familiar chromosome. Histones are globular proteins with a flexible N-terminus (taken to be the tail) that protrudes from the nucleosome. Many of the histone tail modifications correlate very well to chromatin structure and both histone modification state and chromatin structure correlate well to gene expression levels. The critical concept of the histone code hypothesis is that the histone modifications serve to recruit other proteins by specific recognition of the modified histone via protein domains specialized for such purposes, rather than through simply stabilizing or destabilizing the interaction between histone and the underlying DNA. These recruited proteins then act to alter chromatin structure actively or to promote transcription.
For details of gene expression regulation by histone modifications see table below.
The hypothesis
The hypothesis is that chromatin-DNA interactions are guided by combinations of histone modifications. While it is accepted that modifications (such as methylation, acetylation, ADP-ribosylation,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus%27%20hair
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Venus' hair can refer to:
In geology, fine crystals of rutile in quartz.
In horticulture, a name for ferns in the genus Adiantum.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collocation%20method
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In mathematics, a collocation method is a method for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations and integral equations. The idea is to choose a finite-dimensional space of candidate solutions (usually polynomials up to a certain degree) and a number of points in the domain (called collocation points), and to select that solution which satisfies the given equation at the collocation points.
Ordinary differential equations
Suppose that the ordinary differential equation
is to be solved over the interval . Choose from 0 ≤ c1< c2< … < cn ≤ 1.
The corresponding (polynomial) collocation method approximates the solution y by the polynomial p of degree n which satisfies the initial condition , and the differential equation
at all collocation points for . This gives n + 1 conditions, which matches the n + 1 parameters needed to specify a polynomial of degree n.
All these collocation methods are in fact implicit Runge–Kutta methods. The coefficients ck in the Butcher tableau of a Runge–Kutta method are the collocation points. However, not all implicit Runge–Kutta methods are collocation methods.
Example: The trapezoidal rule
Pick, as an example, the two collocation points c1 = 0 and c2 = 1 (so n = 2). The collocation conditions are
There are three conditions, so p should be a polynomial of degree 2. Write p in the form
to simplify the computations. Then the collocation conditions can be solved to give the coefficients
The col
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offcell
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Offcell is an EP released by indie rock band Pinback.
Track listing
"Microtonic Wave" - 4:58
"Victorius D" - 4:17
"Offcell" - 4:31
"B" - 4:51
"Grey Machine" - 11:08
References
Pinback albums
2003 EPs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20entropy
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In mathematics, the topological entropy of a topological dynamical system is a nonnegative extended real number that is a measure of the complexity of the system. Topological entropy was first introduced in 1965 by Adler, Konheim and McAndrew. Their definition was modelled after the definition of the Kolmogorov–Sinai, or metric entropy. Later, Dinaburg and Rufus Bowen gave a different, weaker definition reminiscent of the Hausdorff dimension. The second definition clarified the meaning of the topological entropy: for a system given by an iterated function, the topological entropy represents the exponential growth rate of the number of distinguishable orbits of the iterates. An important variational principle relates the notions of topological and measure-theoretic entropy.
Definition
A topological dynamical system consists of a Hausdorff topological space X (usually assumed to be compact) and a continuous self-map f. Its topological entropy is a nonnegative extended real number that can be defined in various ways, which are known to be equivalent.
Definition of Adler, Konheim, and McAndrew
Let X be a compact Hausdorff topological space. For any finite open cover C of X, let H(C) be the logarithm (usually to base 2) of the smallest number of elements of C that cover X. For two covers C and D, let be their (minimal) common refinement, which consists of all the non-empty intersections of a set from C with a set from D, and similarly for multiple covers.
For any continuous
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Axtorna
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The Battle of Axtorna or simply Axtorna, was a battle fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and Denmark-Norway 20 October 1565 at Axtorna, a small village in what is today Falkenberg Municipality, Halland County in south-western Sweden.
Background
The battle
The Danish commander Daniel Rantzau had been forced to yield the fortress Varberghus to the Swedes on 15 September 1565, after they had taken Ny Varberg, then Halland's largest city. Rantzau received the news that a Swedish army of superior strength led by Jacob Henriksson Hästesko was approaching from the east, forcing him to move his forces toward Falkenberg. Rantzau had decided to commit to combat since the Swedish force had just arrived from its march and hadn't rearranged into a militarily cohesive unit.
Aftermath
The Danes won as a consequence of their superior cavalry tactic and Rantzau became a renowned general after the battle and throughout the war. Despite the victory and the capture of the Swedish artillery, the Danish had suffered great losses and stayed near the battlefield for a week, while large portions of the Swedish army were intact.
References
External links
The Axtorna project
arkeologiuv.se
1565 in Denmark
Axtorna
Axtorna
Axtorna
Axtorna
1560s in Sweden
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme%20inhibitor
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An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and blocks its activity. Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions necessary for life, in which substrate molecules are converted into products. An enzyme facilitates a specific chemical reaction by binding the substrate to its active site, a specialized area on the enzyme that accelerates the most difficult step of the reaction.
An enzyme inhibitor stops ("inhibits") this process, either by binding to the enzyme's active site (thus preventing the substrate itself from binding) or by binding to another site on the enzyme such that the enzyme's catalysis of the reaction is blocked. Enzyme inhibitors may bind reversibly or irreversibly. Irreversible inhibitors form a chemical bond with the enzyme such that the enzyme is inhibited until the chemical bond is broken. By contrast, reversible inhibitors bind non-covalently and may spontaneously leave the enzyme, allowing the enzyme to resume its function. Reversible inhibitors produce different types of inhibition depending on whether they bind to the enzyme, the enzyme-substrate complex, or both.
Enzyme inhibitors play an important role in all cells, since they are generally specific to one enzyme each and serve to control that enzyme's activity. For example, enzymes in a metabolic pathway may be inhibited by molecules produced later in the pathway, thus curtailing the production of molecules that are no longer needed. This type of negative feedback is an impor
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nig%27s%20theorem
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There are several theorems associated with the name König or Kőnig:
König's theorem (set theory), named after the Hungarian mathematician Gyula Kőnig.
König's theorem (complex analysis), named after the Hungarian mathematician Gyula König.
Kőnig's theorem (graph theory), named after his son Dénes Kőnig.
König's theorem (kinetics), named after the German mathematician Samuel König.
See also
Kőnig's lemma (also known as Kőnig's infinity lemma), named after Dénes Kőnig
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%91nig%27s%20theorem%20%28graph%20theory%29
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In the mathematical area of graph theory, Kőnig's theorem, proved by , describes an equivalence between the maximum matching problem and the minimum vertex cover problem in bipartite graphs. It was discovered independently, also in 1931, by Jenő Egerváry in the more general case of weighted graphs.
Setting
A vertex cover in a graph is a set of vertices that includes at least one endpoint of every edge, and a vertex cover is minimum if no other vertex cover has fewer vertices. A matching in a graph is a set of edges no two of which share an endpoint, and a matching is maximum if no other matching has more edges.
It is obvious from the definition that any vertex-cover set must be at least as large as any matching set (since for every edge in the matching, at least one vertex is needed in the cover). In particular, the minimum vertex cover set is at least as large as the maximum matching set. Kőnig's theorem states that, in any bipartite graph, the minimum vertex cover set and the maximum matching set have in fact the same size.
Statement of the theorem
In any bipartite graph, the number of edges in a maximum matching equals the number of vertices in a minimum vertex cover.
Example
The bipartite graph shown in the above illustration has 14 vertices; a matching with six edges is shown in blue, and a vertex cover with six vertices is shown in red. There can be no smaller vertex cover, because any vertex cover has to include at least one endpoint of each matched edge (as wel
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupinovo
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Kupinovo (, Glagolitic script: Ⰽⱆⱂⰻⱀⱁⰲⱁ) is a village located in the municipality of Pećinci, Serbia. As of 2011 census, the village has 1,866 inhabitants.
It is near the famous biodiversity area, the Obedska bara. This contains several insects and other life forms unique to the area.
Name
In Serbian, the village is known as Kupinovo (, Glagolitic script: Ⰽⱆⱂⰻⱀⱁⰲⱁ), formerly also Kupinik (, Glagolitic script: Ⰽⱆⱂⱀⰻⰽ); in Croatian as Kupinovo; and in Hungarian as Kölpény or Kelpény. The name of the village derived from Serbian word "kupina" ("blackberry" in English).
History
In the Middle Ages, Kupinik was a notable city and was a residence of Serbian despots in Syrmia in the 15th and 16th century.
Demographics
As of 2011 census results, the village has 1,866 inhabitants.
Historical population
1961: 2,220
1971: 2,057
1981: 2,002
1991: 2,009
2002: 2,047
2011: 1,866
Notable residents
Miki Đuričić, reality TV star
See also
List of places in Serbia
List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina
References
Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996.
External links
Populated places in Syrmia
Populated places in Srem District
Pećinci
Spatial Cultural-Historical Units of Great Importance
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylan
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Xylan (; ) (CAS number: 9014-63-5) is a type of hemicellulose, a polysaccharide consisting mainly of xylose residues. It is found in plants, in the secondary cell walls of dicots and all cell walls of grasses. Xylan is the third most abundant biopolymer on Earth, after cellulose and chitin.
Composition
Xylans are polysaccharides made up of β-1,4-linked xylose (a pentose sugar) residues with side branches of α-arabinofuranose and/or α-glucuronic acids. On the basis of substituted groups xylan can be categorized into three classes i) glucuronoxylan (GX) ii) neutral arabinoxylan (AX) and iii) glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX). In some cases contribute to cross-linking of cellulose microfibrils and lignin through ferulic acid residues.
Occurrence
Plant cell structure
Xylans play an important role in the integrity of the plant cell wall and increase cell wall recalcitrance to enzymatic digestion; thus, they help plants to defend against herbivores and pathogens (biotic stress). Xylan also plays a significant role in plant growth and development. Typically, xylans content in hardwoods is 10-35%, whereas they are 10-15% in softwoods. The main xylan component in hardwoods is O-acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoxylan, whereas arabino-4-O-methylglucuronoxylans are a major component in softwoods. In general, softwood xylans differ from hardwood xylans by the lack of acetyl groups and the presence of arabinose units linked by α-(1,3)-glycosidic bonds to the xylan backbone.
Algae
Some macrophy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemonium%202
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Pandemonium 2 is a platform game developed by Crystal Dynamics for PlayStation and Microsoft Windows. It is the sequel to Pandemonium!.
Gameplay
Pandemonium 2 is a psychedelic 2.5D game; specifically, it renders characters and environments with polygons and uses a 3D camera to create the appearance of 3-D, while gameplay is actually on a 2-D plane. Players can choose to be either Nikki or Fargus - who each have different specialties - with the option to change for each level. The player characters' abilities have been expanded over those in Pandemonium! with the ability to climb ropes, crawl, and pull themselves up ledges. During the quest, players can earn extra lives by collecting treasure.
Unique powers collected during gameplay may replace, extend or add to previous powers, depending on which character is in play and which power has been obtained. The characters handle the unique powers differently. For instance, collecting the "fire power" allows Nikki to shoot destructive fireballs, while it grants Fargus invincibility and a deadly touch, but requires him to constantly move forward. Machines and equipment are also available throughout the game, although they are tied to certain areas.
There are four boss stages, set after a block of stages has been completed. Destroying the bosses usually involves small puzzles, such as catapulting fireballs at a flying boss, or surviving the onslaught of a giant mecha boss while balanced on the back of a large, fast-moving tank.
Sh
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack%20transport
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Attack transport is a United States Navy ship classification for a variant of ocean-going troopship adapted to transporting invasion forces ashore. Unlike standard troopships – often drafted from the merchant fleet – that rely on either a quay or tenders, attack transports carry their own fleet of landing craft, such as the landing craft, vehicle, personnel (LCVP) or Higgins boat.
They are not to be confused with landing ships, which beach themselves to bring their troops directly ashore, or their general British equivalent, the Landing ship, infantry.
A total of 388 APA (troop) and AKA (cargo) attack transports were built for service in World War II in at least fifteen classes. Depending on class they were armed with one or two 5-inch guns and a variety of 40 mm and 20 mm anti-aircraft weapons.
By the late 1960s, 41 of these ships were redesignated with the hull symbol (LPA) Landing Platform, Amphibious, but they all retained their names and hull numbers.
Classification
In the early 1940s, as the United States Navy expanded in response to the threat of involvement in World War II, a number of civilian passenger ships and some freighters were acquired, converted to transports and given hull numbers in the AP series. Some of these were outfitted with heavy boat davits and other arrangements to enable them to handle landing craft for amphibious assault operations.
In 1942, when the AP number series had already extended beyond 100, it was decided that these amphibious wa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbenoxolone
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Carbenoxolone (CBX) is a glycyrrhetinic acid derivative with a steroid-like structure, similar to substances found in the root of the licorice plant. Carbenoxolone is used for the treatment of peptic, esophageal and oral ulceration and inflammation. Electrolyte imbalance is a serious side effect of carbenoxolone when used systemically.
Carbenoxolone reversibly inhibits the conversion of inactive cortisone to cortisol by blocking 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD). 11β-HSD also reversibly catalyzes the conversion of 7-ketocholesterol to 7-beta-hydroxycholesterol.
Carbenoxolone is a modestly potent, reasonably effective, water-soluble blocker of gap junctions.
Carbenoxolone has also been used in topical creams such as Carbosan gel, marketed for treatment of lip sores and mouth ulcers.
Nootropic effects
Carbenoxolone has also been investigated for nootropic effects. This research started from an observation that long-term exposure to glucocorticoids may have negative effects on cognition. Carbenoxolone may decrease the amount of active glucocorticoid in the brain, because the drug inhibits 11β-HSD, an enzyme which regenerates cortisol, an active glucocorticoid, from inactive cortisone.
In the research trial investigating this use of carbenoloxone, it was shown that the drug improved verbal fluency in elderly healthy men (aged 55–75). In type 2 diabetics aged 52–70, the drug improved verbal memory. However, potassium-sparing diuretic amiloride was co-administered wit
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYCZ
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WYCZ is a 1,000-watt class B AM radio station licensed to serve the community of White Bluff, Tennessee on a frequency of 1030 kHz. The station reduces power to 250 watts during nighttime operations. Its programming is simulcast on the FM band on the translator station 96.7 W244EK.
Owned by Young Country Holdings, a company owned by hip-hop producer Polow da Don, the station broadcasts an eclectic format as YoCo 96.7—focusing on country, hip-hop and pop music, with a particular emphasis on crossovers between the genres.
History
The station signed on in 1982 as WBDX and broadcast in a traditional community-oriented format with local sports and general-interest community programming.
The station was subsequently sold to Hudson Broadcasting, which then operated Channel 39 television in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. As this station was known as WHTN (originally for Hudson Television Nashville), the radio station was rebranded WHRD (for Hudson Radio Dickson). Hudson later sold its broadcasting interests and new management bought the station and returned the radio callsign to WBDX and turned to a more contemporary format. For a time, the station was operated in conjunction with WSLV, a daytime-only station licensed to Ardmore, Tennessee.
Studios were moved from the transmitter to a location on State Route 47 just north of downtown White Bluff, and then to a large glass booth in Dickson near the corner of U.S. Route 70 and State Route 46. During this period, the callsign was again ch
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewy%27s%20example
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In the mathematical study of partial differential equations, Lewy's example is a celebrated example, due to Hans Lewy, of a linear partial differential equation with no solutions. It shows that the analog of the Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem does not hold in the smooth category.
The original example is not explicit, since it employs the Hahn–Banach theorem, but there since have been various explicit examples of the same nature found by Howard Jacobowitz.
The Malgrange–Ehrenpreis theorem states (roughly) that linear partial differential equations with constant coefficients always have at least one solution; Lewy's example shows that this result cannot be extended to linear partial differential equations with polynomial coefficients.
The example
The statement is as follows
On , there exists a smooth complex-valued function such that the differential equation
admits no solution on any open set. Note that if is analytic then the Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem implies there exists a solution.
Lewy constructs this using the following result:
On , suppose that is a function satisfying, in a neighborhood of the origin,
for some C1 function φ. Then φ must be real-analytic in a (possibly smaller) neighborhood of the origin.
This may be construed as a non-existence theorem by taking φ to be merely a smooth function. Lewy's example takes this latter equation and in a sense translates its non-solvability to every point of . The method of proof uses a Baire category argument, so
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parachlamydiaceae
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Parachlamydiaceae is a family of bacteria in the order Chlamydiales. Species in this family have a Chlamydia–like cycle of replication and their ribosomal RNA genes are 80–90% identical to ribosomal genes in the Chlamydiaceae. The Parachlamydiaceae naturally infect amoebae and can be grown in cultured Vero cells. The Parachlamydiaceae are not recognized by monoclonal antibodies that detect Chlamydiaceae lipopolysaccharide.
Phylogeny
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
Unassigned species:
"Ca. Mesochlamydia elodeae" Corsaro et al. 2012
"Ca. Metachlamydia lacustris" Corsaro et al. 2010
Isolated Endosymbionts include:
Hall's coccus
P9
UV-7
endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba sp. TUME1
endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba sp. UWC22
endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba sp. UWE1
Uncultured lineages include:
Neochlamydia turtle type 1
environmental Neochlamydia
corvenA4
cvC15
cvC7
cvE5
Parachlamydia acanthamoebae has variable Gram staining characteristics and is mesophilic. Trophozoites of Acanthamoeba hosting these strains were isolated from asymptomatic women in Germany and also in an outbreak of humidifier fever (‘Hall’s coccus’) in Vermont USA. Four patients from Nova Scotia whose sera recognized Hall's coccus did not show serological cross-reaction with antigens from the Chlamydiaceae.
Notes
Metachlamydia lacustris and Protochlamydia species were found at the N
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20design%20patterns
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In software engineering, a distributed design pattern is a design pattern focused on distributed computing problems.
Classification
Distributed design patterns can be divided into several groups:
Distributed communication patterns
Security and reliability patterns
Event driven patterns
Examples
MapReduce
Bulk synchronous parallel
Remote Session
See also
Software engineering
List of software engineering topics
References
Software design patterns
Distributed computing architecture
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waddlia
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Waddlia is a genus of bacteria in its own family, Waddliaceae. Species in this genus have a Chlamydia-like cycle of replication and their ribosomal RNA genes are 80–90% identical to ribosomal genes in the Chlamydiaceae.
The type species is Waddlia chondrophila strain WSU 86-1044T, which was isolated from the tissues of a first-trimester aborted bovine fetus. Isolated in 1986, this species was originally characterized as a Rickettsia. DNA sequencing of the ribosomal genes corrected the characterization. Another W. chondrophila strain, 2032/99, was found along with Neospora caninum in a septic stillborn calf.
Waddlia chondrophila may be linked to miscarriages in pregnant women. A study found Waddlia chondrophila present in the placenta and vagina of 32 women, 10 of which who had miscarriages. It is hypothesized that the bacterial grows in placental cells, damaging the placenta.
The species Waddlia malaysiensis G817 has been proposed. W. malaysiensis was identified in the urine of Malaysian fruit bats (Eonycteris spelaea).
See also
List of bacterial orders
List of bacteria genera
References
Chlamydiota
Bacteria genera
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANIMAL%20%28image%20processing%29
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ANIMAL (first implementation: 1988 - revised: 2004) is an interactive environment for image processing that is oriented toward the rapid prototyping, testing, and modification of algorithms. To create ANIMAL (AN IMage ALgebra), XLISP of David Betz was extended with some new types: sockets, arrays, images, masks, and drawables.
The theoretical framework and the implementation of the working environment is described in the paper "ANIMAL: AN IMage ALgebra".
In the theoretical framework of ANIMAL a digital image is a boundless matrix with its history. However, in the implementation it is bounded by a rectangular region in the discrete plane and the elements outside the region have a constant value. The size and position of the region in the plane (focus) is defined by the coordinates of the rectangle. In this way all the pixels, including those on the border, have the same number of neighbors (useful in local operators, such as digital filters). Furthermore, pixelwise commutative operations remain commutative on image level, independently on focus (size and position of the rectangular regions). The history is a list which tracks the operations and parameters applied to the matrix. This mechanism is useful to document algorithms and generate new functions.
ANIMAL has been ported to R, a freely available language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. The new implementation is free and is used in a recent book to illustrate the use of template matching techniqu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbamoyl%20phosphate%20synthetase%20I
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Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS I) is a ligase enzyme located in the mitochondria involved in the production of urea. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS1 or CPSI) transfers an ammonia molecule to a molecule of bicarbonate that has been phosphorylated by a molecule of ATP. The resulting carbamate is then phosphorylated with another molecule of ATP. The resulting molecule of carbamoyl phosphate leaves the enzyme.
Structure
In E. coli the single CPS that carries out the functions of CPSI and CPSII is a heterodimer with a small subunit and a larger subunit with about 382 and 1073 amino acid residues in size, although in mammals (and other vertebrates) the CPSI protein is encoded by a single gene. The small subunit contains one active site for the binding and deamination of glutamine to make ammonia and glutamate. The large subunit contains two active sites, one for the production of carboxyphosphate, and the other for the production of carbamoyl phosphate. Within the large subunit there are two domains (B and C) each with an active site of the ATP-grasp family. Connecting the two subunits is a tunnel of sorts, which directs the ammonia from the small subunit to the large subunit.
Mechanism
The overall reaction that occurs in CPSI is:
2ATP + HCO3− + NH4+ → 2ADP + Carbamoyl phosphate + Pi
This reaction can be thought of occurring in three distinct steps.
Bicarbonate is phosphorylated to form carboxyphosphate
Ammonia attacks the carboxyphosphate, resulting in c
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verigy
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Verigy Ltd was a Cupertino, California-based semiconductor automatic test equipment manufacturer. The company existed as a business within Hewlett-Packard before it was spun off in 2006 as a standalone company. It was purchased by Advantest in 2011.
History
Verigy was started by Hewlett-Packard, reported to David Packard in its early days, and was spun off from Agilent Technologies in 2006. The company went public on the NASDAQ in June 2006. The CEO was Keith Barnes, who later became Chairman and CEO. The CFO was Bob Nikl. In 2011 Mr. Barnes moved to Chairman of the Board of Directors and Jorge Titinger became CEO and President. The company's NASDAQ symbol was VRGY.
Verigy designs, develops, manufactures, sells and services advanced semiconductor test systems for the flash memory, high-speed memory and system-on-chip (SoC) markets. Verigy's products are used worldwide in design validation, characterization, and high-volume manufacturing test. The company began doing business as Verigy on June 1, 2006 with its global headquarters located in Singapore.
On December 6, 2007, Verigy announced the acquisition of Inovys, a privately held company that provides stuff for design debug, failure analysis and yield acceleration for complex semiconductor devices and processes.
On June 15, 2009, Verigy acquired Touchdown Technologies, a privately held company that designs, manufactures, and supports advanced Microelectromechanical systems probe cards to support the wafer test needs of s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeopterygidae
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Archaeopterygidae is a group of maniraptoran dinosaurs, known from the latest Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous of Europe. In most current classifications, it contains only the genera Archaeopteryx and Wellnhoferia. As its name suggests, Protarchaeopteryx was also once referred to this group, but most paleontologists now consider it an oviraptorosaur. Other referred genera, like Jurapteryx, Wellnhoferia, and "Proornis", are probably synonymous with Archaeopteryx (the former two) or do not belong into this group (the last). Jinfengopteryx was originally described as an archaeopterygid, though it was later shown to be a troodontid. A few studies have recovered Anchiornis and Xiaotingia (usually considered part of a distinct clade, Anchiornithidae) to also be members of the Archaeopterygidae, though most subsequent analyses have failed to arrive at the same result. Uncertainties still exist, however, and it may not be possible to confidently state whether archaeopterygids are more closely related to modern birds or to deinonychosaurs barring new and better specimens of relevant species. Teeth attributable to archaeopterygids are known from the earliest Cretaceous (Berriasian) Cherves-de-Cognac locality and the Angeac-Charente bonebed of France.
Classification
The family Archaeopterygidae is the only family in the order Archaeopterygiformes, which was coined by Max Fürbringer in 1888 to contain Archaeopterygidae and genus Archaeopteryx. A formal phylogenetic definition for Archae
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiation%20in%20Fr%C3%A9chet%20spaces
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In mathematics, in particular in functional analysis and nonlinear analysis, it is possible to define the derivative of a function between two Fréchet spaces. This notion of differentiation, as it is Gateaux derivative between Fréchet spaces, is significantly weaker than the derivative in a Banach space, even between general topological vector spaces. Nevertheless, it is the weakest notion of differentiation for which many of the familiar theorems from calculus hold. In particular, the chain rule is true. With some additional constraints on the Fréchet spaces and functions involved, there is an analog of the inverse function theorem called the Nash–Moser inverse function theorem, having wide applications in nonlinear analysis and differential geometry.
Mathematical details
Formally, the definition of differentiation is identical to the Gateaux derivative. Specifically, let and be Fréchet spaces, be an open set, and be a function. The directional derivative of in the direction is defined by
if the limit exists. One says that is continuously differentiable, or if the limit exists for all and the mapping
is a continuous map.
Higher order derivatives are defined inductively via
A function is said to be if It is or smooth if it is for every
Properties
Let and be Fréchet spaces. Suppose that is an open subset of is an open subset of and are a pair of functions. Then the following properties hold:
Fundamental theorem of calculus. If the li
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMJ
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NMJ or nmj may refer to:
Neuromuscular junction, a chemical synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber
NMJ, the station code for Nidamangalam Junction railway station, Tamil Nadu, India
nmj, the ISO 639-3 code for Nombe language, Cameroon
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimony%20triselenide
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Antimony triselenide is the chemical compound with the formula . The material exists as the sulfosalt mineral antimonselite (IMA symbol: Atm), which crystallizes in an orthorhombic space group. In this compound, antimony has a formal oxidation state +3 and selenium −2. The bonding in this compound has covalent character as evidenced by the black color and semiconducting properties of this and related materials. The low-frequency dielectric constant (ε0) has been measured to be 133 along the c axis of the crystal at room temperature, which is unusually large. Its band gap is 1.18 eV at room temperature.
The compound may be formed by the reaction of antimony with selenium and has a melting point of 885 K.
Applications
is now being actively explored for application thin-film solar cells. A record light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 9.2% has been reported.
References
Selenides
Antimony(III) compounds
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandium%28III%29%20sulfide
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Scandium(III) sulfide is a chemical compound of scandium and sulfur with the chemical formula Sc2S3. It is a yellow solid.
Structure
The crystal structure of Sc2S3 is closely related to that of sodium chloride, in that it is based on a cubic close packed array of anions. Whereas NaCl has all the octahedral interstices in the anion lattice occupied by cations, Sc2S3 has one third of them vacant. The vacancies are ordered, but in a very complicated pattern, leading to a large, orthorhombic unit cell belonging to the space group Fddd.
Synthesis
Metal sulfides are usually prepared by heating mixtures of the two elements, but in the case of scandium, this method yields scandium monosulfide, ScS. Sc2S3 can be prepared by heating scandium(III) oxide under flowing hydrogen sulfide in a graphite crucible to 1550 °C or above for 2–3 hours. The crude product is then purified by chemical vapor transport at 950 °C using iodine as the transport agent.
Sc2O3 + 3H2S → Sc2S3 + 3H2O
Scandium(III) sulfide can be prepared by reacting scandium(III) chloride with dry hydrogen sulfide at elevated temperature:
2 ScCl3 + 3 H2S → Sc2S3 + 6 HCl
Reactivity
Above 1100 °C, Sc2S3 loses sulfur, forming nonstoichiometric compounds such as Sc1.37S2.
References
Sesquisulfides
Scandium compounds
Inorganic compounds
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlogram
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In the analysis of data, a correlogram is a chart of correlation statistics.
For example, in time series analysis, a plot of the sample autocorrelations versus (the time lags) is an autocorrelogram.
If cross-correlation is plotted, the result is called a cross-correlogram.
The correlogram is a commonly used tool for checking randomness in a data set. If random, autocorrelations should be near zero for any and all time-lag separations. If non-random, then one or more of the autocorrelations will be significantly non-zero.
In addition, correlograms are used in the model identification stage for Box–Jenkins autoregressive moving average time series models. Autocorrelations should be near-zero for randomness; if the analyst does not check for randomness, then the validity of many of the statistical conclusions becomes suspect. The correlogram is an excellent way of checking for such randomness.
In multivariate analysis, correlation matrices shown as color-mapped images may also be called "correlograms" or "corrgrams".
Applications
The correlogram can help provide answers to the following questions:
Are the data random?
Is an observation related to an adjacent observation?
Is an observation related to an observation twice-removed? (etc.)
Is the observed time series white noise?
Is the observed time series sinusoidal?
Is the observed time series autoregressive?
What is an appropriate model for the observed time series?
Is the model
valid and sufficient?
Is the f
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisia%20monetary%20aggregates%20index
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In econometrics and official statistics, and particularly in banking, the Divisia monetary aggregates index is an index of money supply. It uses Divisia index methods.
Background
The monetary aggregates used by most central banks (notably the US Federal Reserve) are simple-sum indexes in which all monetary components are assigned the same weight:
in which is one of the monetary components of the monetary aggregate . The summation index implies that all monetary components contribute equally to the money total, and it views all components as dollar-for-dollar perfect substitutes. It has been argued that such an index does not weight such components in a way that properly summarizes the services of the quantities of money.
There have been many attempts at weighting monetary components within a simple-sum aggregate. An index can rigorously apply microeconomic- and aggregation-theoretic foundations in the construction of monetary aggregates. That approach to monetary aggregation was derived and advocated by William A. Barnett (1980) and has led to the construction of monetary aggregates based on Diewert's (1976) class of superlative quantity index numbers. The new aggregates are called the Divisia aggregates or Monetary Services Indexes. Salam Fayyad's 1986 PhD dissertation did early research with those aggregates using U.S. data.
This index is a discrete-time approximation with this definition:
Here, the growth rate of the aggregate is the weighted average of the growth
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBEA
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CBEA may stand for:
Cell Broadband Engine Architecture, the microprocessor architecture in the PlayStation 3
Consciousness-Based Education Association, a 501(c) foundation with ties to Maharishi Mahesh Yogi
Confederação Brasileira de Esqui-Aquático, a Brazilian water ski confederation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retarded%20position
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Einstein's equations admit gravity wave-like solutions. In the case of a moving point-like mass and in the linearized limit of a weak-gravity approximation these solutions of the Einstein equations are known as the Liénard–Wiechert gravitational potentials. Wave-like solutions (variations) in gravitational field at any point of space at some instant of time t are generated by the mass taken in the preceding (or retarded) instant of time s < t on its world-line at a vertex of the null cone connecting the mass and the field point. The position of the mass that generates the field is called the retarded position and the Liénard–Wiechert potentials are called the retarded potentials. Gravitational waves caused by acceleration of a mass appear to come from the position and direction of the mass at the time it was accelerated (the retarded time and position). The retarded time and the retarded position of the mass are a direct consequence of the finite value of the speed of gravity, the speed with which gravitational waves propagate in space.
As in the case of the Liénard–Wiechert potentials for electromagnetic effects and waves, the static potentials from a moving gravitational mass (i.e., its simple gravitational field, also known as gravitostatic field) are "updated," so that they point to the mass's actual position at constant velocity, with no retardation effects. This happens also for static electric and magnetic effects and is required by Lorentz symmetry, since any mass or
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acicular
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Acicular may refer to
In botany: a slender leaf shape
In mineralogy: Acicular (crystal habit) refers to a needle-like crystal form
Acicular ferrite, a microstructure of ferrite in steel
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorna%20Ch%C3%A1vez
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Lorna Marlene Chávez Mata (born c. 1959) is a Costa Rican model and beauty queen who was the first representative of Costa Rica to win the Miss International pageant in 1980.
In the competition, she also won the Best in National Costume award.
References
Miss International winners
Living people
Miss International 1980 delegates
1950s births
Costa Rican beauty pageant winners
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium%20carbide
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Aluminium carbide, chemical formula Al4C3, is a carbide of aluminium. It has the appearance of pale yellow to brown crystals. It is stable up to 1400 °C. It decomposes in water with the production of methane.
Structure
Aluminium carbide has an unusual crystal structure that consists of alternating layers of Al2C and Al2C2. Each aluminium atom is coordinated to 4 carbon atoms to give a tetrahedral arrangement. Carbon atoms exist in 2 different binding environments; one is a deformed octahedron of 6 Al atoms at a distance of 217 pm. The other is a distorted trigonal bipyramidal structure of 4 Al atoms at 190–194 pm and a fifth Al atom at 221 pm.
Other carbides (IUPAC nomenclature: methides) also exhibit complex structures.
Reactions
Aluminium carbide hydrolyses with evolution of methane. The reaction proceeds at room temperature but is rapidly accelerated by heating.
Al4C3 + 12 H2O → 4 Al(OH)3 + 3 CH4
Similar reactions occur with other protic reagents:
Al4C3 + 12 HCl → 4 AlCl3 + 3 CH4
Reactive hot isostatic pressing (hipping) at ≈40 MPa of the appropriate mixtures of Ti, Al4C3 graphite, for 15 hours at 1300 °C yields predominantly single-phase samples of Ti2AlC0.5N0.5, 30 hours at 1300 °C yields predominantly single-phase samples of Ti2AlC (Titanium Aluminium Carbide).
Preparation
Aluminium carbide is prepared by direct reaction of aluminium and carbon in an electric arc furnace.
4 Al + 3 C → Al4C3
An alternative reaction begins with alumina, but it is less favorable
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sealant
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Sealant is a substance used to block the passage of fluids through openings in materials, a type of mechanical seal. In building construction sealant is sometimes synonymous with caulk (especially if acrylic latex or polyurethane based) and also serve the purposes of blocking dust, sound and heat transmission. Sealants may be weak or strong, flexible or rigid, permanent or temporary. Sealants are not adhesives but some have adhesive qualities and are called adhesive-sealants or structural sealants.
History
Sealants were first used in prehistory in the broadest sense as mud, grass and reeds to seal dwellings from the weather such as the daub in wattle and daub and thatching. Natural sealants and adhesive-sealants included plant resins such as pine pitch and birch pitch, bitumen, wax, tar, natural gum, clay (mud) mortar, lime mortar, lead, blood and egg. In the 17th century glazing putty was first used to seal window glass made with linseed oil and chalk, later other drying oils were also used to make oil-based putties. In the 1920s polymers such as acrylic polymers, butyl polymers and silicone polymers were first developed and used in sealants. By the 1960s synthetic-polymer-based sealants were widely available.
Function
Sealants, despite not having great strength, convey a number of properties. They seal top structures to the substrate, and are particularly effective in waterproofing processes by keeping moisture out (or in) the components in which they are used. They can p
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6teborg%20Marathon
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Göteborg Marathon is an annual marathon running competition in Gothenburg, the second-largest city in Sweden, organized by the local athletics club Solvikingarna.
The race was first held in 1972, and has since been an annual event except for 1973 and 1986. Classes for the half marathon distance were added in 1996 to help finance the event.
The race takes place in October, and is currently the third largest marathon in Sweden. The start and finish is in the old athletics arena Slottsskogsvallen in Slottsskogen park. The course goes southwards to a turning point at the sea and returns the same way. The half marathoners run one lap, while the marathon race consists of two. The course is relatively flat, but winds along the sea can be significant.
References
External links
Organizer home page
List of winners
Marathons in Sweden
Athletics competitions in Sweden
Sports competitions in Gothenburg
1972 establishments in Sweden
Recurring sporting events established in 1972
Athletics in Gothenburg
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheftalia
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Sheftalia (; ; ) is a traditional sausage that originated in Cyprus. It is made from caul fat, or omentum, the membrane that surrounds the stomach of pig or lamb, to wrap the ingredients rather than sausage casing.
References
External links
sheftalia sti kypro
Skewered kebabs
Cypriot cuisine
Greek cuisine
Sausages
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNSD%20%28netsukuku%29
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The Scattered Name Service Disgregation (SNSD) is the ANDNA equivalent of the SRV Record of the Internet Domain Name System (defined by RFC 2782).
SNSD isn't the same as the "SRV Record", it has its own unique features.
With SNSD it is possible to associate IP addresses and hostnames to another hostname. Each assigned record has a service number, in this way the IP addresses and hostnames which have the same service number are grouped in an array. In the resolution request the client will specify the service number too, therefore it will get the record of the specified service number which is associated to the hostname.
Example
The node X has registered the hostname "angelica". The default IP address of "angelica" is 1.2.3.4. X associates the "depausceve" hostname to the `http' service number (port 80) of "angelica". X associates the "11.22.33.44" IP address to the `ftp' service number (port 21) of "angelica".
When the node Y resolves "angelica", by default it gets 1.2.3.4, but when its web browser tries to resolve it, it asks for the record associated to the `http' service, therefore the resolution will return "depausceve". The browser will resolve "depausceve" and will finally contact the server. When the FTP client of Y resolves "angelica", it will get the "11.22.33.44" IP address. If Y tries to resolve a service which hasn't been associated to anything, it will get the main IP, 1.2.3.4.
The node associated with an SNSD record is called "SNSD node". In this examp
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar%20induction
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Bar induction is a reasoning principle used in intuitionistic mathematics, introduced by L. E. J. Brouwer. Bar induction's main use is the intuitionistic derivation of the fan theorem, a key result used in the derivation of the uniform continuity theorem.
It is also useful in giving constructive alternatives to other classical results.
The goal of the principle is to prove properties for all infinite sequences of natural numbers (called choice sequences in intuitionistic terminology), by inductively reducing them to properties of finite lists. Bar induction can also be used to prove properties about all choice sequences in a spread (a special kind of set).
Definition
Given a choice sequence , any finite sequence of elements of this sequence is called an initial segment of this choice sequence.
There are three forms of bar induction currently in the literature, each one places certain restrictions on a pair of predicates and the key differences are highlighted using bold font.
Decidable bar induction (BID)
Given two predicates and on finite sequences of natural numbers such that all of the following conditions hold:
every choice sequence contains at least one initial segment satisfying at some point (this is expressed by saying that is a bar);
is decidable (i.e. our bar is decidable);
every finite sequence satisfying also satisfies (so holds for every choice sequence beginning with the aforementioned finite sequence);
if all extensions of a finite sequenc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDP%20glucuronosyltransferase%201%20family%2C%20polypeptide%20A1
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UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1 also known as UGT-1A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UGT1A1 gene.
UGT-1A is a uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UDPGT), an enzyme of the glucuronidation pathway that transforms small lipophilic (fat-soluble) molecules, such as steroids, bilirubin, hormones, and drugs, into water-soluble, excretable metabolites.
Gene
The UGT1A1 gene is part of a complex locus that encodes several UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. The locus includes thirteen unique alternative first exons followed by four common exons. Four of the alternate first exons are considered pseudogenes. Each of the remaining nine 5' exons may be spliced to the four common exons, resulting in nine proteins with different N-termini and identical C-termini. Each first exon encodes the substrate binding site, and is regulated by its own promoter. Over 100 genetic variants within the UGT1A1 gene have been described, some of which confer increased, reduced or inactive enzymatic activity. The UGT nomenclature committee has compiled a list of these variants, naming each with a * symbol followed by a number.
Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene cause serious problems for bilirubin metabolism; each syndrome can be caused by one or many mutations, so they are differentiated mostly by symptoms and not particular mutations:
Gilbert syndrome (GS) can be caused by a variety of genetic changes, but in populations of European and African
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactional%20expertise
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Interactional expertise is part of a more complex classification of expertise developed by Harry Collins and Robert Evans (both based at Cardiff University). In this initial formulation interactional expertise was part of a threefold classification of substantive expertise that also included ‘no expertise’ and ‘contributory expertise’, by which they meant the expertise needed to contribute fully to all aspects of a domain of activity.
Classification
The distinction between these three different types of expertise can be illustrated by imagining the experience of a social science researcher approaching a topic for the first time. It is easy to see that, whether the research project is to be about plumbing or physics, most researchers will start from a position of ‘no expertise’ in that area. As the research project proceeds and the social interactions between the researcher and the plumbers or physicists continue, the social researcher will become increasingly knowledgeable about that topic. For example, they will find that they can talk more interestingly about plumbing or physics and ask more pertinent questions about how it works. Eventually, the researcher may even get to the point where they can answer questions about plumbing or physics as though they were a plumber or physicist even though they can’t do plumbing or physics. It is this kind of expertise that Collins and Evans call interactional expertise.
The important thing to note about interactional expertise is tha
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stability%20theory
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In mathematics, stability theory addresses the stability of solutions of differential equations and of trajectories of dynamical systems under small perturbations of initial conditions. The heat equation, for example, is a stable partial differential equation because small perturbations of initial data lead to small variations in temperature at a later time as a result of the maximum principle. In partial differential equations one may measure the distances between functions using Lp norms or the sup norm, while in differential geometry one may measure the distance between spaces using the Gromov–Hausdorff distance.
In dynamical systems, an orbit is called Lyapunov stable if the forward orbit of any point is in a small enough neighborhood or it stays in a small (but perhaps, larger) neighborhood. Various criteria have been developed to prove stability or instability of an orbit. Under favorable circumstances, the question may be reduced to a well-studied problem involving eigenvalues of matrices. A more general method involves Lyapunov functions. In practice, any one of a number of different stability criteria are applied.
Overview in dynamical systems
Many parts of the qualitative theory of differential equations and dynamical systems deal with asymptotic properties of solutions and the trajectories—what happens with the system after a long period of time. The simplest kind of behavior is exhibited by equilibrium points, or fixed points, and by periodic orbits. If a part
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stable%20manifold%20theorem
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In mathematics, especially in the study of dynamical systems and differential equations, the stable manifold theorem is an important result about the structure of the set of orbits approaching a given hyperbolic fixed point. It roughly states that the existence of a local diffeomorphism near a fixed point implies the existence of a local stable center manifold containing that fixed point. This manifold has dimension equal to the number of eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix of the fixed point that are less than 1.
Stable manifold theorem
Let
be a smooth map with hyperbolic fixed point at . We denote by the stable set and by the unstable set of .
The theorem states that
is a smooth manifold and its tangent space has the same dimension as the stable space of the linearization of at .
is a smooth manifold and its tangent space has the same dimension as the unstable space of the linearization of at .
Accordingly is a stable manifold and is an unstable manifold.
See also
Center manifold theorem
Lyapunov exponent
Notes
References
External links
Dynamical systems
Theorems in dynamical systems
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic%20cellular%20automaton
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A cyclic cellular automaton is a kind of cellular automaton rule developed by David Griffeath and studied by several other cellular automaton researchers. In this system, each cell remains unchanged until some neighboring cell has a modular value exactly one unit larger than that of the cell itself, at which point it copies its neighbor's value. One-dimensional cyclic cellular automata can be interpreted as systems of interacting particles, while cyclic cellular automata in higher dimensions exhibit complex spiraling behavior.
Rules
As with any cellular automaton, the cyclic cellular automaton consists of a regular grid of cells in one or more dimensions. The cells can take on any of states, ranging from to . The first generation starts out with random states in each of the cells. In each subsequent generation, if a cell has a neighboring cell whose value is the successor of the cell's value, the cell is "consumed" and takes on the succeeding value. (Note that is the successor of ; see also modular arithmetic.) More general forms of this type of rule also include a threshold parameter, and only allow a cell to be consumed when the number of neighbors with the successor value exceeds this threshold.
One dimension
The one-dimensional cyclic cellular automaton has been extensively studied by Robert Fisch, a student of Griffeath.
Starting from a random configuration with n = 3 or n = 4, this type of rule can produce a pattern which, when presented as a time-space diag
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axcelis%20Technologies
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Axcelis Technologies, Inc. is an American company engaging in the design, manufacture, and servicing of capital equipment for the semiconductor manufacturing industry worldwide. It produces ion implantation systems, including high and medium current implanters, and high energy implanters, and curing systems used in the fabrication of semiconductor chips. The company was incorporated in 1995 and is headquartered in Beverly, Massachusetts, United States.
In 2000, Eaton Corporation spun off its semiconductor manufacturing equipment business as Axcelis Technologies.
On December 4, 2012 Axcelis Technologies decided "...that it will exit the dry-strip business and divest its dry-strip intellectual property and technology, including the advanced non-oxidizing process technology of its Integra product line, to Lam Research,...Axcelis will continue to ship its 300 mm dry-strip products through August 2013..."
In 2015, Axcelis sold its headquarters in a leaseback agreement.
See also
List of S&P 600 companies
References
External links
Companies listed on the Nasdaq
Equipment semiconductor companies
Companies based in Beverly, Massachusetts
Electronics companies of the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal%20job%20scheduling
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Optimal job scheduling is a class of optimization problems related to scheduling. The inputs to such problems are a list of jobs (also called processes or tasks) and a list of machines (also called processors or workers). The required output is a schedule – an assignment of jobs to machines. The schedule should optimize a certain objective function. In the literature, problems of optimal job scheduling are often called machine scheduling, processor scheduling, multiprocessor scheduling, or just scheduling.
There are many different problems of optimal job scheduling, different in the nature of jobs, the nature of machines, the restrictions on the schedule, and the objective function. A convenient notation for optimal scheduling problems was introduced by Ronald Graham, Eugene Lawler, Jan Karel Lenstra and Alexander Rinnooy Kan. It consists of three fields: α, β and γ. Each field may be a comma separated list of words. The α field describes the machine environment, β the job characteristics and constraints, and γ the objective function. Since its introduction in the late 1970s the notation has been constantly extended, sometimes inconsistently. As a result, today there are some problems that appear with distinct notations in several papers.
Single-stage jobs vs. multi-stage jobs
In the simpler optimal job scheduling problems, each job j consists of a single execution phase, with a given processing time pj. In more complex variants, each job consists of several execution ph
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20software%20development
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Software development for the Cell microprocessor involves a mixture of conventional development practices for the PowerPC-compatible PPU core, and novel software development challenges with regard to the functionally reduced SPU coprocessors.
Linux on Cell
An open source software-based strategy was adopted to accelerate the development of a Cell BE ecosystem and to provide an environment to develop Cell applications, including a GCC-based Cell compiler, binutils and a port of the Linux operating system.
Octopiler
Octopiler is IBM's prototype compiler to allow software developers to write code for Cell processors.
Software portability
Adapting VMX for SPU
Differences between VMX and SPU
The VMX (Vector Multimedia Extensions) technology is conceptually similar to the vector model provided by the SPU processors, but there are many significant differences.
The VMX Java mode conforms to the Java Language Specification 1 subset of the default IEEE Standard, extended to include IEEE and C9X compliance where the Java standard falls silent. In a typical implementation, non-Java mode converts denormal values to zero but Java mode traps into an emulator when the processor encounters such a value.
The IBM PPE Vector/SIMD manual does not define operations for double-precision floating point, though IBM has published material implying certain double-precision performance numbers associated with the Cell PPE VMX technology.
Intrinsics
Compilers for Cell provide intrinsics to expose
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20microprocessor%20implementations
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Cell microprocessors are multi-core processors that use cellular architecture for high performance distributed computing. The first commercial Cell microprocessor, the Cell BE, was designed for the Sony PlayStation 3. IBM designed the PowerXCell 8i for use in the Roadrunner supercomputer.
Implementation
First edition Cell on 90 nm CMOS
IBM has published information concerning two different versions of Cell in this process, an early engineering sample designated DD1, and an enhanced version designated DD2 intended for production.
The main enhancement in DD2 was a small lengthening of the die to accommodate a larger PPE core, which is reported to "contain more SIMD/vector execution resources".
Some preliminary information released by IBM references the DD1 variant. As a result, some early journalistic accounts of the Cell's capabilities now differ from production hardware.
Cell floorplan
Powerpoint material accompanying an STI presentation given by Dr Peter Hofstee], includes a photograph of the DD2 Cell die overdrawn with functional unit boundaries which are also captioned by name, which reveals the breakdown of silicon area by function unit as follows:
SPE floorplan
Additional details concerning the internal SPE implementation have been disclosed by IBM engineers, including Peter Hofstee, IBM's chief architect of the synergistic processing element, in a scholarly IEEE publication.
This document includes a photograph of the 2.54 mm × 5.81 mm SPE, as implemented in 90-
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmoglein
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The desmogleins are a family of desmosomal cadherins consisting of proteins DSG1, DSG2, DSG3, and DSG4. They play a role in the formation of desmosomes that join cells to one another.
Pathology
Desmogleins are targeted in the autoimmune disease pemphigus.
Desmoglein proteins are a type of cadherin, which is a transmembrane protein that binds with other cadherins to form junctions known as desmosomes between cells. These desmoglein proteins thus hold cells together, but, when the body starts producing antibodies against desmoglein, these junctions break down, and this results in subsequent blister or vesicle formation.
References
External links
Cadherins
Single-pass transmembrane proteins
Protein families
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmoglein-1
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Desmoglein-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DSG1 gene. Desmoglein-1 is expressed everywhere in the skin epidermis, but mainly it is expressed in the superficial upper layers of the skin epidermis.
Function
Desmosomes are cell-cell junctions between epithelial, myocardial and certain other cell types. Desmoglein-1 is a calcium-binding transmembrane glycoprotein component of desmosomes in vertebrate epithelial cells. Currently, four desmoglein subfamily members have been identified and all are members of the cadherin cell adhesion molecule superfamily. These desmoglein gene family members are located in a cluster on chromosome 18. The protein encoded by this gene has been identified as the autoantigen of the autoimmune skin blistering disease pemphigus foliaceus. It has been found that desmoglein-1 is the target antigen in majority of the cases linked to IgG/IgA pemphigus, which is an autoimmune IgG/IgA antibody mediated response. Desmoglein-1 is also a target of Staphylococcus exotoxins (exfoliatins) A and B which contribute to the pathoaetiology of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS).
Deficiency of the desmoglein-1 protein has been found to be associated with increased expression of multiple genes encoding allergy-related cytokines. Desmoglein-1 is haploinsufficient and a mutation in the gene can cause the autosomal dominant mutation striate palmoplantar keratoderma. In 2013, cases have arisen where the homozygous loss of the desmoglein-1 gene has r
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmoglein-3
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Desmoglein-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DSG3 gene. In the skin epidermis Desmoglein-3 is expressed in the basal lower layers of the epidermis, and dominates in terms of expression on mucosal surfaces compared to Desmoglein-1.
Function
Desmosomes are cell-cell junctions between epithelial, myocardial, and certain other cell types. Desmoglein 3 is a calcium-binding transmembrane glycoprotein component of desmosomes in vertebrate epithelial cells. Currently, four desmoglein subfamily members have been identified and all are members of the cadherin cell adhesion molecule superfamily. These desmoglein gene family members are located in a cluster on chromosome 18. This protein, along with Desmoglein-1, has been identified as the autoantigen of the autoimmune skin blistering disease pemphigus vulgaris. The mucosal dominant form of pemphigus vulgaris only involves antibodies against Desmoglein-3 and causes mucosal erosions, but no skin lesions. Desmoglein-3 serves as a prognostic marker of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC), and may even be involved in the progression of ESCC.
Pathogenicity
Pathogenicity of Desmoglein-3 antibodies comes from the existence of a tryptophan residue that could be interacting with the binding pocket that is necessary for trans-interaction of Desmoglein molecules. Such antibodies can lead to the cause of skin disorders like pemphigus vulgaris.
Interactions
Desmoglein 3 has been shown to interact with PKP3.
See also
Des
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallikrein
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Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases, enzymes capable of cleaving peptide bonds in proteins. In humans, plasma kallikrein (encoded by KLKB1 gene) has no known paralogue, while tissue kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) encode a family of fifteen closely related serine proteases. These genes are localised to chromosome 19q13, forming the largest contiguous cluster of proteases within the human genome. Kallikreins are responsible for the coordination of various physiological functions including blood pressure, semen liquefaction and skin desquamation.
Occurrence
In 1934, Eugen Werle reported finding a substance in the pancreas of humans and various animals in such large amounts that the pancreas could be taken for its site of origin. He named it kallikrein, by derivation from the Greek word for pancreas. Since then, similar enzymes have been found in the biological fluids of humans and other mammals, as well as in some snake venoms.
Venom
The caterpillar known as Lagoa crispata contains poison glands attached to hypodermic spines, which produce and inject venom that has been characterized as kallikrein in nature.
The venom of solenodons and some shrews like the northern short-tailed shrew consist of multiple copies of kallikrein 1 (KLK1) serine proteases. KLK1 are very similar to serine protease found in venomous snakes like vipers, and have evolved in parallel from a common toxin precursor, which cause hypotensive effects in vivo.
Plasma kallikrein
The KLKB1 g
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyigina%20language
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Nyikina (also Nyigina, Njigina) is an Australian Aboriginal language of Western Australia, spoken by the Nyigina people.
Warrwa may have been a dialect.
Classification
R. M. W. Dixon (2002) regards Nyikina, Warrwa, Yawuru and Jukun as a single language.
Nyikina is placed in the Nyulnyulan family of non-Pama–Nyungan languages.
Phonology
Consonants
Sounds /ɟ, ɡ/, when following /l/ or in intervocalic positions, can be heard as [j, ɣ].
/ɾ/ can also occasionally occur as a trill [r].
Vowels
See also
Belinda Dann
Loongkoonan
Butcher Joe Nangan
References
External links
The film "Mad Bastards" (2010) depicting Nyikina language and culture
Nyulnyulan languages
Kimberley (Western Australia)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera%20toxin
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Cholera toxin (also known as choleragen and sometimes abbreviated to CTX, Ctx or CT) is an AB5 multimeric protein complex secreted by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. CTX is responsible for the massive, watery diarrhea characteristic of cholera infection. It is a member of the heat-labile enterotoxin family.
History
Cholera toxin was discovered in 1959 by Indian microbiologist Sambhu Nath De.
Structure
The complete toxin is a hexamer made up of a single copy of the A subunit (part A, enzymatic, ), and five copies of the B subunit (part B, receptor binding, ), denoted as AB5. Subunit B binds while subunit A activates the G protein which activates adenylate cyclase. The three-dimensional structure of the toxin was determined using X-ray crystallography by Zhang et al. in 1995.
The five B subunits—each weighing 11 kDa, form a five-membered ring. The A subunit which is 28 kDa, has two important segments. The A1 portion of the chain (CTA1) is a globular enzyme payload that ADP-ribosylates G proteins, while the A2 chain (CTA2) forms an extended alpha helix which sits snugly in the central pore of the B subunit ring.
This structure is similar in shape, mechanism, and sequence to the heat-labile enterotoxin secreted by some strains of the Escherichia coli bacterium.
Pathogenesis
Cholera toxin acts by the following mechanism: First, the B subunit ring of the cholera toxin binds to GM1 gangliosides on the surface of target cells. If a cell lacks GM1, the toxin most likely binds to
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derna%2C%20Libya
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Derna (; ) is a port city in eastern Libya. With a population of around 85,000 to 90,000, Derna was once the seat of one of the wealthiest provinces among the Barbary States. The city is now the administrative capital of Derna District, which covers a much smaller area than the old province. Among Libyan cities, Derna has a unique location and physical environment, as it lies between Jebel Akhdar (also known as Green Mountain), the Mediterranean Sea, and the desert. The city is also home to people of many different backgrounds.
The city was the location of the famous Battle of Derna (1805), the first victory achieved by the United States Military on foreign soil. Occurring during the First Barbary War, the battle was fought between a force of roughly 500 US Marines and Mediterranean mercenaries and 4,000 or 5,000 Barbary troops.
Parts of the city were taken over by Islamic State (IS) militants in October 2014. In June 2015, the Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna defeated IS and took control of the town, before being expelled themselves by the Libyan National Army in the Battle of Derna (2018–2019).
In September 2023, about a quarter of the city was wiped out by a catastrophic flood caused by the collapse of two dams over the Wadi Derna river against the backdrop of Storm Daniel, resulting in the death of thousands of its residents, although the death toll varies by source. Thousands more are either injured and/or missing. Some 10,000 to 20,000 others were reported missi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derna%20Governorate
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Darnah Governorate (Derna Governorate, ) was one of the governorates (muhafazah) of Libya from 1963 to 1983. It was created out of the Cyrenaica province. Its capital was the town of Derna.
The governorate's population was 84,112 in 1964 and had risen to 108,407 by 1972.
Bayda Governorate – west
Benghazi Governorate – south
Notes
Governorates of Libya
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside%20Outside
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Inside outside may refer to:
Inside–outside algorithm, a way of re-estimating production probabilities in a probabilistic context-free grammar
Inside/outside, a model of political reform
Inside–outside test, a test used in computer graphics to determine if a point is inside or outside of a polygon
Inside Outside (Petra Blaisse), a design firm founded by Dutch designer Petra Blaisse in 1991
Books
Inside Outside (novel), a 1964 fantasy novel written by Philip José Farmer
Inside, Outside, a 1985 historical novel by Herman Wouk
Music
"Inside Outside" (Delirious? song), a 2004 single by Delirious?, from their album World Service
"Inside Outside" (Sophie Monk song), a 2002 single by Sophie Monk, from her debut album Calendar Girl
"Inside, Outside" (The Grates song), a 2006 song by The Grates from their debut album Gravity Won't Get You High
"Inside to Outside", a 1986 song by Limahl later covered in 1999 by Italian singer Lady Violet
"Inside Outside", song by Keb Mo from The Reflection
Inside/Outside, a 2019 album by Cook Craig released under the moniker Pipe-Eye
See also
Outside Inside (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EXI%20Wireless
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eXI Wireless is a Canadian business that develops and manufactures Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) wireless systems. eXI's RFID products include HALO, RoamAlert, and Assetrac. eXI Wireless was acquired by VeriChip Corporation in April 2004.
References
Companies established in 1980
Radio-frequency identification
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like%20growth%20factor%201%20receptor
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The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor is a protein found on the surface of human cells. It is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by a hormone called insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and by a related hormone called IGF-2. It belongs to the large class of tyrosine kinase receptors. This receptor mediates the effects of IGF-1, which is a polypeptide protein hormone similar in molecular structure to insulin. IGF-1 plays an important role in growth and continues to have anabolic effects in adults – meaning that it can induce hypertrophy of skeletal muscle and other target tissues. Mice lacking the IGF-1 receptor die late in development, and show a dramatic reduction in body mass. This testifies to the strong growth-promoting effect of this receptor.
Structure
Two alpha subunits and two beta subunits make up the IGF-1 receptor. Both the α and β subunits are synthesized from a single mRNA precursor. The precursor is then glycosylated, proteolytically cleaved, and crosslinked by cysteine bonds to form a functional transmembrane αβ chain. The α chains are located extracellularly, while the β subunit spans the membrane and is responsible for intracellular signal transduction upon ligand stimulation. The mature IGF-1R has a molecular weight of approximately 320 kDa.citation? The receptor is a member of a family which consists of the insulin receptor and the IGF-2R (and their respective ligands IGF-1 and IGF-2), along with several IGF-binding proteins.
IG
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huerteales
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Huerteales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants. It is one of the 17 orders that make up the large eudicot group known as the rosids in the APG III system of plant classification. Within the rosids, it is one of the orders in Malvidae, a group formerly known as eurosids II and now known informally as the malvids. This is true whether Malvidae is circumscribed broadly to include eight orders as in APG III, or more narrowly to include only four orders. Huerteales consists of four small families, Petenaeaceae, Gerrardinaceae, Tapisciaceae, and Dipentodontaceae.<ref name="worberg2009">Andreas Worberg, Mac H. Alford, Dietmar Quandt, and Thomas Borsch. 2009. "Huerteales sister to Brassicales plus Malvales, and newly circumscribed to include Dipentodon, Gerrardina, Huertea, Perrottetia, and Tapiscia. Taxon 58(2):468-478.</ref>
Petenaeaceae consists of a single genus and species Petenaea cordata from Southern Mexico, Guatemala and Belize.
Gerrardinaceae consists of a single genus, Gerrardina. Tapisciaceae has two genera, Tapiscia and Huertea.Dezhu Li, Jie Cai, and Wen Jun. 2008. "Tapisciaceae" page 496. In: Zhengyi Wu, Peter H. Raven, and Deyuan Hong (editors). Flora of China volume 11. Science Press: Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press: St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Until 2006, Dipentodontaceae was treated as consisting of a single genus, Dipentodon. Since that time, some authors have included Perrottetia in Dipentodontaceae, even though no formal revis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zentropy%20Partners
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Zentropy Partners is the defunct name for an existing global internet professional services company headquartered in Los Angeles, CA. The company was founded in 1995 with the aim of becoming the global provider of Internet services. For the next several years Zentropy gained recognition for excellence in interactive web-page design, notably developing the "Nesquik pan-European Strategy" which would serve as a model for child-oriented website design in the UK. The company expanded and established as many as 47 offices worldwide with locations in the USA, Europe, and Australia.
By the early 2000s, Zentopy Partners was considered one of the leading website development and e-commerce agencies in Central London, and in 2001 it was both named "New Media Agency of the Year" in the UK. and awarded a gold Clio Award under the category of Interactive Advertising for developing a homepage for the Laramara Foundation.
Name
The name "Zentropy" is a play on the words "Zen" (the doctrine that enlightenment can be obtained through direct intuitive insight) and "Entropy" (a measure of the amount of energy in a system that is available for work). Taken together, "Zentropy" is said to represent a concept of chaos becoming order, then becoming chaos once again.
History
The company was co-founded by Patrick Bradley and Ryan Magnussen in 1995. Started shortly before the internet boom of the late 1990s, from 1995 to 2003, the company designed and developed several large name Internet sites,
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