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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-comparison%20monopulse | Phase-comparison monopulse is a technique used in radio frequency (RF) applications such as radar and direction finding to accurately estimate the direction of arrival of a signal from the phase difference of the signal measured on two (or more) separated antennas or more typically from displaced phase centers of an array antenna. Phase-comparison monopulse differs from amplitude-comparison monopulse in that the former uses displaced phase centers with a common beam pointing direction, while the latter uses a common phase center and displaced beam pointing directions.
In phase-comparison monopulse, typically an array is subdivided into sub-arrays, and then a "sum" and a "difference" or "del" channel are formed. For a linear array, these subarrays would each be half of the elements, divided in the middle. For a planar array, these sub-arrays would be the four quadrants of the array, each with 1/4 of the array's elements. In a linear array, the output of each sub-array is summed to form the "sum" channel, and the same outputs are subtracted to form the "del" channel. The monopulse ratio is formed by dividing the imaginary part of the del channel by the real part of the sum channel. This ratio gives an error signal that indicates to a high degree of accuracy the actual target angle as compared to the center of the beam. For a planar array, one sum channel is formed as the sum of the outputs of all four quadrants, but two del channels are formed, one for the elevation di |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxillin | Paxillin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PXN gene. Paxillin is expressed at focal adhesions of non-striated cells and at costameres of striated muscle cells, and it functions to adhere cells to the extracellular matrix. Mutations in PXN as well as abnormal expression of paxillin protein has been implicated in the progression of various cancers.
Structure
Human paxillin is 64.5 kDa in molecular weight and 591 amino acids in length.
The C-terminal region of paxillin is composed of four tandem double zinc finger LIM domains that are cysteine/histidine-rich with conserved repeats; these serve as binding sites for the protein tyrosine phosphatase-PEST, tubulin and serves as the targeting motif for focal adhesions.
The N-terminal region of paxillin has five highly conserved leucine-rich sequences termed LD motifs, which mediate several interactions, including that with pp125FAK and vinculin. The LD motifs are predicted to form amphipathic alpha helices, with each leucine residue positioned on one face of the alpha helix to form a hydrophobic protein-binding interface. The N-terminal region also has a proline-rich domain that has potential for Src-SH3 binding. Three N-terminal YXXP motifs may serve as binding sites for talin or v-Crk SH2.
Function
Paxillin is a signal transduction adaptor protein discovered in 1990 in the laboratory of Keith Burridge The C-terminal region of paxillin contains four LIM domains that target paxillin to focal adhesions. It is presu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellular%20calcium-sensing%20proteins | Intracellular calcium-sensing proteins are proteins that act in the second messenger system.
Examples include:
calmodulin
calnexin
calreticulin
gelsolin
References
External links
Human proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen-activated%20protein%20kinase%209 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK9 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase targets specific transcription factors, and thus mediates immediate-early gene expression in response to various cell stimuli. It is most closely related to MAPK8, both of which are involved in UV radiation-induced apoptosis, thought to be related to the cytochrome c-mediated cell death pathway. This gene and MAPK8 are also known as c-Jun N-terminal kinases. This kinase blocks the ubiquitination of tumor suppressor p53, and thus it increases the stability of p53 in nonstressed cells. Studies of this gene's mouse counterpart suggest a key role in T-cell differentiation. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.
Interactions
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 has been shown to interact with:
Grb2,
MAPK8IP1,
MAPK8IP2,
MAPK8IP3
P53, and
TOB1.
References
Further reading
External links
MAP Kinase Resource .
EC 2.7.11
Human proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P38%20mitogen-activated%20protein%20kinases | p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases are a class of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that are responsive to stress stimuli, such as cytokines, ultraviolet irradiation, heat shock, and osmotic shock, and are involved in cell differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy. Persistent activation of the p38 MAPK pathway in muscle satellite cells (muscle stem cells) due to ageing, impairs muscle regeneration.
p38 MAP Kinase (MAPK), also called RK or CSBP (Cytokinin Specific Binding Protein), is the mammalian orthologue of the yeast Hog1p MAP kinase, which participates in a signaling cascade controlling cellular responses to cytokines and stress.
Four p38 MAP kinases, p38-α (MAPK14), -β (MAPK11), -γ (MAPK12 / ERK6), and -δ (MAPK13 / SAPK4), have been identified. Similar to the SAPK/JNK pathway, p38 MAP kinase is activated by a variety of cellular stresses including osmotic shock, inflammatory cytokines, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), ultraviolet light, and growth factors.
MKK3 and SEK activate p38 MAP kinase by phosphorylation at Thr-180 and Tyr-182. Activated p38 MAP kinase has been shown to phosphorylate and activate MAPKAP kinase 2 and to phosphorylate the transcription factors ATF2, Mac, MEF2, and p53. p38 also has been shown to phosphorylate post-transcriptional regulating factors like TTP, and in fruit flies it plays a role in regulating the circadian clock.
Clinical significance
Oxidative stress is the most powerfully specific stress activating p38 MAPK. Abnormal activ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory%20marker%20protein | In molecular biology, olfactory marker protein is a protein involved in signal transduction.
It is a highly expressed, cytoplasmic protein found in mature olfactory sensory receptor neurons of all vertebrates. OMP is a modulator of the olfactory signal transduction cascade. The crystal structure of OMP reveals a beta sandwich consisting of eight strands in two sheets with a jelly-roll topology. Three highly conserved regions have been identified as possible protein–protein interaction sites in OMP, indicating a possible role for OMP in modulating such interactions, thereby acting as a molecular switch.
External links
References
Protein families |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorna%20Bailey | Lorna Bailey (born 1978) is an English potter and businesswoman.
Life and work
Lorna Bailey was brought up in the Wolstanton area of Newcastle-under-Lyme, England, close to the Potteries area of Stoke-on-Trent. She attended Ellison Primary School, Wolstanton, and then Wolstanton High School.
After school, Bailey attended Stoke-on-Trent College. She obtained a B.Tec National Diploma (Ceramics) and then joined her father's new business, LJB Ceramics, at the Old Ellgreave Pottery, Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, which produced Toby Jugs and other decorated pottery, where she initially worked as a painter. At the same time, Bailey began designing a series of cottage and trees and abstract patterns based on the pottery of Clarice Cliff. These were produced by the Old Ellgreave Pottery in underglaze colours. In December 1995, when Bailey was 17, her House and Path and Sunburst patterns were put into full production. These were painted by Bailey and a small team of painters onto a range of shapes, including vases, jugs, teapots, sugar shakers, cruets, candlesticks, and wall pockets. They were then sold primarily to trade buyers. In addition to being marked with a factory stamp, Bailey signed almost all of her pieces.
In 1998, Collect it! magazine, featured her Astro Rocket Sugar Sifter on the cover which the magazine had commissioned. This was produced in a limited edition of 250 available for purchase only through the magazine. The Lorna Bailey Collectors Club was formed in September 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can%27t%20Help%20Lovin%27%20Dat%20Man | "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man" with music by Jerome Kern, and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, is one of the most famous songs from their classic 1927 musical play Show Boat, adapted from Edna Ferber's 1926 novel.
Its musical composition entered the public domain on January 1, 2023.
Context
The song, written in a blues tempo, is sung in the show by several characters, but is most closely associated with the character Julie, the biracial leading lady of the showboat Cotton Blossom. It is Julie who is first heard singing the song – to Magnolia, the daughter of Cap'n Andy Hawks and his wife Parthenia (Parthy), owners of the showboat. In the musical's plot, the number is supposed to be a song familiar to African-Americans for years, and this provides one of the most dramatic moments in the show. When Queenie, the black cook, comments that it is strange that light-skinned Julie knows the song because only black people sing it, Julie becomes visibly uncomfortable. Later, we learn that this is because Julie is "passing" as white – she and her white husband are guilty of miscegenation under the state's law.
Immediately after Julie sings the song through once, Queenie chimes in with her own lyrics to it, and she is joined by her husband Joe, the black stevedore on the boat. This is followed by Julie, Queenie, Magnolia, Joe, and the black chorus all performing a song-and-dance to the number.
Repeated during Show Boat
The last refrain of the song is briefly reprised at the end of the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardized%20coefficient | In statistics, standardized (regression) coefficients, also called beta coefficients or beta weights, are the estimates resulting from a regression analysis where the underlying data have been standardized so that the variances of dependent and independent variables are equal to 1. Therefore, standardized coefficients are unitless and refer to how many standard deviations a dependent variable will change, per standard deviation increase in the predictor variable.
Usage
Standardization of the coefficient is usually done to answer the question of which of the independent variables have a greater effect on the dependent variable in a multiple regression analysis where the variables are measured in different units of measurement (for example, income measured in dollars and family size measured in number of individuals).
It may also be considered a general measure of effect size, quantifying the "magnitude" of the effect of one variable on another.
For simple linear regression with orthogonal predictors, the standardized regression coefficient equals the correlation between the independent and dependent variables.
Implementation
A regression carried out on original (unstandardized) variables produces unstandardized coefficients. A regression carried out on standardized variables produces standardized coefficients. Values for standardized and unstandardized coefficients can also be re-scaled to one another subsequent to either type of analysis.
Suppose that is the regression coe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armored%20Combat%20Engineer%20Robot | The Armored Combat Engineer Robot (ACER) is a military robot created by Mesa Robotics. Roughly the size of a small bulldozer and weighing 2.25 tons, ACER is among the larger military robots. ACER is able to reach speeds of 6.3 mph, using treads for movement. Uses for this robot include clearing obstacles, removing explosives, hauling cargo and disabled vehicles, and serving as a platform for various other tasks, such as clearing buildings and disarming landmines and lasermines.
See also
PackBot
Gladiator Tactical Unmanned Ground Vehicle
References
How stuff works
External links
Unmanned ground combat vehicles
Robots of the United States
Tracked robots
2003 robots |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crna%20Bara%20%28%C4%8Coka%29 | Crna Bara (Serbian Cyrillic: Црна Бара, Hungarian: Feketetó) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Čoka municipality, North Banat District, Vojvodina province. The village is ethnically mixed and its population numbering 568 people (2002 census).
Ethnic groups (2002 census)
Population of the village include:
267 (47.01%) Hungarians
235 (41.37%) Serbs
21 (3.70%) Romani
12 (2.11%) Yugoslavs
others.
Historical population
1961: 950
1971: 823
1981: 678
1991: 595
2002: 568
Politics
The president of the Local Community is Gabriela Nerandžić (Hungarian: Nerandzic Gabriella "Ela").
References
Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996.
See also
List of places in Serbia
List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina
Populated places in Serbian Banat
Čoka |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccinea | Coccinea may refer to:
the plant genus Coccinia, the scarlet gourds
the plant section Coccinea is the name of a species derivative to many plants, example Banksia sect. Coccinea, Banksia coccinea |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic%20Plain | The Atlantic Plain is one of eight distinct physiographic divisions of the contiguious United States. Using the USGS physiographic classification system, the Atlantic Plain division comprises two provinces and six sections. The Coastal Plain province is differentiated from the Continental Shelf province simply based on the portion of the land mass above and below sea level.
The lands adjacent to the Atlantic coastline are made up of sandy beaches, marshlands, bays, and barrier islands. It is the flattest of the U.S. physiographic divisions and stretches over in length from Cape Cod to the Mexican border and southward an additional to the Yucatán Peninsula. The central and southern Atlantic Coast is characterized by barrier and drowned valley coasts. The coastal Atlantic plain features nearly continuous barriers interrupted by inlets, large embayments with drowned river valleys, and extensive wetlands and marshes. The Atlantic plain slopes gently seaward from the inland highlands in a series of terraces. This gentle slope continues far into the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, forming the continental shelf. The relief at the land-sea interface is so low that the boundary between them is often blurry and indistinct, especially along stretches of the Louisiana bayous and the Florida Everglades.
Continental Shelf
The Atlantic Ocean has a broad, flat continental shelf that reaches a depth of 100 meters. The continental shelf off the Atlantic Ocean ranges in width from less than |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDC-1200 | MDC (Motorola Data Communications), also known as Stat-Alert, MDC-1200 and MDC-600, is a Motorola two-way radio low-speed data system using audio frequency shift keying, (AFSK). MDC-600 uses a 600 baud data rate. MDC-1200 uses a 1,200 baud data rate. Systems employ either one of the two baud rates. Mark and space tones are 1,200 Hz and 1,800 Hz. The data are sent in bursts over the radio system's voice channel.
MDC signaling includes a number of features: unit ID, status buttons, emergency button, selective inhibit, radio check, and selective calling. These features are programmable and could be used in any combination desired by the user. They are typically incorporated in high-end analog FM commercial and public safety radios made by Motorola and other manufacturers. In addition to Motorola, at least two other companies make compatible base station decoders for MDC-1200.
Motorola radios with MDC options have an option allowing the radio to filter out data bursts from the receive audio. Instead of hearing the AFSK data, the user hears a short chirp from the radio speaker each time a data burst occurs. (The user must turn on this feature in the radio's option programming settings).
A general option setting for all MDC systems is to enable or disable an acknowledgement (ack) data packet. For example, following a selective call, the called radio replies with an ack. This data "handshake" confirms the called radio is powered on, has received and decoded the call. The encoder |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G95 | G95 is a free, portable, open-source Fortran 95 compiler. It implements the Fortran 95 standard, part of the Fortran 2003 standard, as well as some old and new extensions including features for the Fortran 2008 standard like coarray Fortran. It also supports the F programming language subset.
G95 was primarily developed by Andy Vaught, before he moved to competing compiler vendor PathScale. The last stable version, 0.93, was released in October 2012. Development of G95 stopped in 2013, and the compiler is no longer maintained.
GNU Fortran, a part of GCC also known as gfortran, has now bypassed G95 in terms of its Fortran 2008 implementation and in the speed of the generated code. GNU Fortran was originally forked, in January 2003, from G95.
References
External links
Fortran compilers
Free compilers and interpreters |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosha | Drosha is a Class 2 ribonuclease III enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DROSHA (formerly RNASEN) gene. It is the primary nuclease that executes the initiation step of miRNA processing in the nucleus. It works closely with DGCR8 and in correlation with Dicer. It has been found significant in clinical knowledge for cancer prognosis and HIV-1 replication.
History
Human Drosha was cloned in 2000 when it was identified as a nuclear dsRNA ribonuclease involved in the processing of ribosomal RNA precursors. The other two human enzymes that participate in the processing and activity of miRNA are the Dicer and Argonaute proteins. Recently, proteins like Drosha have been found significant in cancer prognosis and HIV-1 replication.
Function
Members of the ribonuclease III superfamily of double-stranded (ds) RNA-specific endoribonucleases participate in diverse RNA maturation and decay pathways in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The RNase III Drosha is the core nuclease that executes the initiation step of microRNA (miRNA) processing in the nucleus.
The microRNAs thus generated are short RNA molecules that regulate a wide variety of other genes by interacting with the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to induce cleavage of complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) as part of the RNA interference pathway. MicroRNA molecules are synthesized as long RNA primary transcripts known as a pri-miRNAs, which are cleaved by Drosha to produce a characteristic stem-loop structure of about 70 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20deluge%20algorithm | The Great deluge algorithm (GD) is a generic algorithm applied to optimization problems. It is similar in many ways to the hill-climbing and simulated annealing algorithms.
The name comes from the analogy that in a great deluge a person climbing a hill will try to move in any direction that does not get his/her feet wet in the hope of finding a way up as the water level rises.
In a typical implementation of the GD, the algorithm starts with a poor approximation, S, of the optimum solution. A numerical value called the badness is computed based on S and it measures how undesirable the initial approximation is. The higher the value of badness the more undesirable is the approximate solution. Another numerical value called the tolerance is calculated based on a number of factors, often including the initial badness.
A new approximate solution S' , called a neighbour of S, is calculated based on S. The badness of S' , b' , is computed and compared with the tolerance. If b' is better than tolerance, then the algorithm is recursively restarted with S : = S' , and tolerance := decay(tolerance) where decay is a function that lowers the tolerance (representing a rise in water levels). If b' is worse than tolerance, a different neighbour S* of S is chosen and the process repeated. If all the neighbours of S produce approximate solutions beyond tolerance, then the algorithm is terminated and S is put forward as the best approximate solution obtained.
See also
de:Gunter D |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendall%27s%20notation | In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, Kendall's notation (or sometimes Kendall notation) is the standard system used to describe and classify a queueing node. D. G. Kendall proposed describing queueing models using three factors written A/S/c in 1953 where A denotes the time between arrivals to the queue, S the service time distribution and c the number of service channels open at the node. It has since been extended to A/S/c/K/N/D where K is the capacity of the queue, N is the size of the population of jobs to be served, and D is the queueing discipline.
When the final three parameters are not specified (e.g. M/M/1 queue), it is assumed K = ∞, N = ∞ and D = FIFO.
First example: M/M/1 queue
A M/M/1 queue means that the time between arrivals is Markovian (M), i.e. the inter-arrival time follows an exponential distribution of parameter λ. The second M means that the service time is Markovian: it follows an exponential distribution of parameter μ. The last parameter is the number of service channel which one (1).
Description of the parameters
In this section, we describe the parameters A/S/c/K/N/D from left to right.
A: The arrival process
A code describing the arrival process. The codes used are:
S: The service time distribution
This gives the distribution of time of the service of a customer. Some common notations are:
c: The number of servers
The number of service channels (or servers). The M/M/1 queue has a single server a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara%20Ramsay%20Shaw | Barbara Ramsay Shaw is the William T. Miller Distinguished Emeritus Professor of Chemistry at Duke University. She is known for her work on how DNA reacts with other compounds.
Education and career
Shaw earned her B.A. from Bryn Mawr College in 1965. She has an M.S. (1967) and a Ph.D. in physical chemistry (1973) from the University of Washington. Her Ph.D. advisors were Michael Schurr, professor of chemistry at the University of Washington and Walter Kauzmann, professor of chemistry and member of the National Academy of Sciences at Princeton University. Shaw received her post-doctoral training from Kensal van Holde, professor of biochemistry and member of the National Academy of Sciences at Oregon State University. In 1975 Shaw moved to Duke University as an assistant professor, and by 1992 she had been promoted to full professor. In 2006 Shaw was named the William T Miller Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at Duke University.
Research
In her graduate work, Shaw synthesized peptide sequences using solid phase synthesis. Shaw learned this technique from Bruce Merrifield at Rockefeller University. Merrifield won the 1984 Nobel Prize for his work. Shaw studied the spontaneous formation of helix coils in her peptide sequences using optical rotatory dispersion. Shaw is known for her later work on boranophosphates. While a postdoctoral researcher at Oregon State she helped establish the structure of the nucleosome. She has studied the chemical reactivity of DNA, and appli |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thy1 | Thy1 may refer to:
CD90, formal name of Thymocyte antigen 1, a cluster of differentiation 90
Thymidylate synthase (FAD), an enzyme
Thymidylate synthase complementing protein 1 which complements but shows no homology to thymidylate synthase |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Hinshelwood | Paul Alexander Hinshelwood (14 August 1956 – 15 January 2022) was an English footballer who played as a right-back in the Football League for Crystal Palace, Oxford United, Millwall and Colchester United. He gained representative honours with the England under-21 team and also played and managed in non-league football. His sons Adam and Paul jr. were also professional footballers.
Early life
Hinshelwood was born in Bristol on 14 August 1956, and grew up in Croydon. In 1969, along with his brother Martin, he played in the final of the London FA Schools Cup, watched by former Crystal Palace manager Arthur Rowe. Rowe was impressed, and the brothers were invited for trials with the club. Both performed well, and were taken on as apprentices.
Career
"Doris", as he was known by the fans, although his dressing room nickname was "Fish", originally began as a striker, but did not play that well in the role. In November 1976, Hinshelwood switched to playing at right-back. Along with future England left-back Kenny Sansom, he shored up the Palace defence, and the club were promoted twice in three seasons, to reach the First Division in 1979. In that season, Hinshelwood only missed one game, as Palace went up as champions.
Palace spent two years in the top flight, and Hinshelwood was voted as the fans' "Player of the Year" for both. As well as this, he gained two caps for the England under-21 side.
Hinshelwood left Palace in 1983, transferring to Oxford United. There, he won the Thir |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preload%20%28software%29 | preload is a free Linux program which runs as a daemon to record statistics about usage of files by more frequently-used programs. This information is then used to keep these files preloaded into memory. This results in faster application startup times as less data needs to be fetched from disk. preload is often paired with prelink. preload was written by Behdad Esfahbod and uses Markov chains in its implementation;
See also
Prefetching
Readahead
References
External links
Project homepage on SourceForge
"Analyzing and improving GNOME startup time" -(PDF)
Preloading and prebinding
Linux process- and task-management-related software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroneutral%20cation-Cl | In molecular biology, the electroneutral cation-Cl (electroneutral potassium chloride cotransporter) family of proteins are a family of solute carrier proteins. This family includes the products of the Human genes: SLC12A1, SLC12A1, SLC12A2, SLC12A3, SLC12A4, SLC12A5, SLC12A6, SLC12A7, SLC12A8 and SLC12A9.
The K-Cl co-transporter (KCC) mediates the coupled movement of K+ and Cl− ions across the plasma membrane of many animal cells. This transport is involved in the regulatory volume decrease in response to cell swelling in red blood cells, and has been proposed to play a role in the vectorial movement of Cl− across kidney epithelia. The transport process involves one for one electroneutral movement of K+ together with Cl−, and, in all known mammalian cells, the net movement is outward.
The neuronal KCC subtype KCC2 is cell-volume insensitive and plays a unique role in maintaining low intracellular Cl−concentration, which is required in neurones for the functioning of Cl− dependent fast synaptic inhibition, mediated by certain neurotransmitters, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine.
Three isoforms of the K-Cl co-transporter have been described, termed KCC1 (SLC12A4), KCC2 (SLC12A5), and KCC3 (SLC12A6), containing 1085, 1116 and 1150 amino acids, respectively. They are predicted to have 12 transmembrane (TM) regions in a central hydrophobic domain, together with hydrophilic N- and C-termini that are likely cytoplasmic. Comparison of their sequences with those |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taverna%20%28disambiguation%29 | A Taverna is a place serving Greek cuisine.
Taverna may also refer to:
People
Ferdinando Taverna (1558–1619), Italian cardinal
Ludovico Taverna (1535–1617), Italian diplomat and bishop of Lodi
Paola Taverna (born 1969), Italian politician
Places
Taverna, Calabria, a small town in the Province of Catanzaro, Italy
Palazzo Taverna (disambiguation)
Software
taveRNA, a software suite for nucleic acids
Apache Taverna, an open source workflow management system
See also
Tavern, an establishment serving food and alcoholic beverages
Trevena (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphenyl%20disulfide | Diphenyl disulfide is the chemical compound with the formula (C6H5S)2. This colorless crystalline material is often abbreviated Ph2S2. It is one of the more commonly encountered organic disulfides in organic synthesis. Minor contamination by thiophenol is responsible for the disagreeable odour associated with this compound.
Preparation and structure
Diphenyl disulfide is usually prepared by the oxidation of thiophenol:
2 PhSH + I2 → Ph2S2 + 2 HI
Hydrogen peroxide can also be used as the oxidant. Ph2S2 is rarely prepared in the laboratory because it is inexpensive, and the precursor has a disagreeable odour.
Like most organic disulfides, the C–S–S–C core of Ph2S2 is non-planar with a dihedral angle approaching 85°.
Reactions
Ph2S2 is mainly used in organic synthesis as a source of the PhS substituent.<ref>{{cite book|author=Byers, J. H.|chapter=Diphenyl Disulfide|title=Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette)|year=2004|editor=J. Wiley & Sons|location=New York|doi=10.1002/047084289X|hdl=10261/236866 |isbn=9780471936237 }}.</ref> A typical reaction entails the formation of PhS-substituted carbonyl compounds via the enolate:
RC(O)CHLiR' + Ph2S2 → RC(O)CH(SPh)R' + LiSPh
Reduction
Ph2S2 undergoes reduction, a reaction characteristic of disulfides:
Ph2S2 + 2 M → 2 MSPh (M = Li, Na, K)
Hydride reagents such as sodium borohydride and super hydride can also be used as reductants.
The salts PhSM are sources of the potent nucleophile PhS−. Most alkyl halides, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family%20of%20musical%20instruments | A family of musical instruments is a grouping of several different but related sizes or types of instruments. Some schemes of musical instrument classification, such as the Hornbostel-Sachs system, are based on a hierarchy of instrument families and families of families.
Some commonly recognized families are:
Strings family
Woodwind family
Brass family
Percussion family
Electronic family
Some less common families are:
Idiophone family
Plasmaphone family
Hydraulophone family
Free Reed subfamily (woodwind)
Aeolian Instrument family
The keyboard family can also be referenced, though it is not an authentic instrument family. Rather, it is a common design format for instrument interfaces. There are many types of instruments in the keyboard family, such as string, brass (and other metals), woodwind, percussion, electronic, digital, idiophone, and more.
Instruments can also be classified by audio generation method. There are chordophones (generate sound with vibrating strings), membranophones (generate sound with vibrating membranes), idiophones (generate sound by vibrating the instrument body), aerophones (generate sound by vibrating air directly), electrophones (generate sound by modifying circuits or calculating sounds and outputting to a speaker, or potentially arcing electricity or vibrating metal with an electromagnet), plasmaphones (generate sound by exciting air with plasma), and hydraulophones (generate sound by vibrating air with hydraulics). These are typically not us |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFH | CFH may refer to:
Coach Fred Hoiberg, Iowa State University men's basketball coach
Complement Factor H, a complement control protein
NHS Connecting for Health, The UK Agency delivering the NHS National Programme for IT, usually written "CfH"
Chase Farm Hospital, a hospital in London
Call for Help, an American/Canadian television show about computing and technology
Continue from home, an email title sent in medium/wide spread, indicating that the sender is continuing his work from home
Cowboys from Hell, a groove metal album by Pantera
Unit of gas flow of standard cubic feet per hour.
Clifton Hills Landing Strip, IATA airport code "CFH" |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severna%20Park%20%28writer%29 | Severna Park (born 1958), real name Suzanne Feldman, is an American science fiction author and winner of the Nebula Award for Best Short Story (The Cure For Everything, 2001).
Her first novel, Speaking Dreams from 1992, was a Lambda Literary Award nominee. She was long-listed for James Tiptree Jr. Award in 1994 (Amazons) and short-listed in 1998 (Hand of Prophecy) and 2000 (The Annunciate).
She now writes mainstream fiction. Employed as a teacher, she lives with her partner of twenty-five years in Maryland.
Bibliography
Novels
Speaking Dreams
Speaking Dreams (1992)
Hand of Prophecy (1998)
The Annunciate (1999)
Collections
The Cure for Everything (2013)
Short fiction
Amazons (1993)
Tiger, Tiger (1998)
Harbingers (1999)
The Breadfruit Empire (1999)
The Golem (2000)
The Cure for Everything (2000)
The Peaceable Kingdom (2000)
Call for Submissions (2003)
The Island of Varos (2003)
The Three Unknowns (2004)
Secret Histories (2013)
The Crime Museum (2013)
Essay
Read This (NYRSF, September 1998) (1998)
References
External links
20th-century American novelists
American science fiction writers
American women short story writers
American women novelists
American lesbian writers
1958 births
Living people
Nebula Award winners
American LGBT novelists
Women science fiction and fantasy writers
20th-century American women writers
20th-century American short story writers
21st-century American women writers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naringinase | Naringinase is a debittering enzyme that is used in the commercial production of citrus juices. It breaks down the compound naringin that gives citrus juices its bitter taste. It is a multienzyme complex which possesses alpha-L-rhamnosidase and beta glucosidase active centers. The E.C. No.() of the naringinase and rhamnosidase are the same. First rhamnosidase breaks naringin into prunin and rhamnose. Lastly glucosidase breaks prunin into glucose and naringenin, a flavorless flavanone also found in various citrus.
Ram gene is a rare gene; it is found in very few microorganisms, like some Bacillus species. It is mainly present in the genus Aspergillus, but production of naringinase from fungus is a difficult task as the growth rate of fungi is much slower than that of bacteria.
References
Enzymes
Grapefruit
Flavanones metabolism |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabinho%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201976%29 | Fábio de Jesus or simply Fabinho (born October 16, 1976, in Nova Iguaçu), is a Brazilian defensive midfielder.
Club statistics
Honours
Santos
Brazilian League Série A: 2004
Internacional
Copa Libertadores: 2006
FIFA Club World Championship: 2006
Fluminense
Brazilian Cup: 2007
References
External links
zerozero.pt
Guardian Stats Centre
globoesporte
fluminense.com
External links
1976 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
J1 League players
Sport Club Internacional players
Bonsucesso Futebol Clube players
Associação Atlética Ponte Preta players
Gamba Osaka players
CR Flamengo footballers
Shimizu S-Pulse players
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
Santos FC players
Fluminense FC players
Sportspeople from Nova Iguaçu
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from Rio de Janeiro (state) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman%27s%20Club%20of%20New%20Smyrna | The Woman's Club of New Smyrna is a historic woman's club in New Smyrna Beach, Florida, United States. It is located at 403 Magnolia Street. On May 11, 1989, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
See also
List of Registered Historic Woman's Clubhouses in Florida
References
External links
Volusia County listings at National Register of Historic Places
Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
Volusia County listings
Woman's Club of New Smyrna
Gallery
National Register of Historic Places in Volusia County, Florida
Women's clubs in Florida
Women's club buildings in Florida
Buildings and structures in New Smyrna Beach, Florida |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipase%20B | Phospholipase B, also known as lysophospholipase, is an enzyme with a combination of both PLA1 and PLA2 activities; that is, it can cleave acyl chains from both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of a phospholipid. In general, it acts on lysolecithin (which is formed by the action of PLA2 on lecithin).
See also
Phospholipase
References |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipase%20A | Phospholipase A can refer to:
Phospholipase A1
Phospholipase A2
Outer membrane phospholipase A1
An enzyme that displays both phospholipase A1 and phospholipase A2 activities is called a Phospholipase B (see main article on phospholipases). |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spes%20%28disambiguation%29 | Spes is the Roman goddess of hope.
Spes may also refer to:
Hope (virtue), spes in Latin
Acronym
Synergistic Processing Elements (SPEs), a type of accelerated processing unit in a Cell microprocessor
South Place Ethical Society, former name of the Conway Hall Ethical Society
Stanley Park Ecology Society
Swedish Public Employment Service (), a Swedish government agency
School of Philosophy and Economic Science, worldwide organisation based in London
St. Paul's Episcopal School, in Mobile, Alabama
Other uses
Spes Bona, a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa
Spes Utia Island or Spesutie Island, in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, United States
Temple of Spes, Ancient Rome
See also
Gaudium et spes, the Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World, was one of the principal documents of the Second Vatican Council
SPE (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calponin | Calponin is a calcium binding protein. Calponin tonically inhibits the ATPase activity of myosin in smooth muscle. Phosphorylation of calponin by a protein kinase, which is dependent upon calcium binding to calmodulin, releases the calponin's inhibition of the smooth muscle ATPase.
Structure and function
Calponin is mainly made up of α-helices with hydrogen bond turns. It is a binding protein and is made up of three domains. These domains in order of appearance are Calponin Homology (CH), regulatory domain (RD), and Click-23, domain that contains the calponin repeats. At the CH domain calponin binds to α-actin and filamin and binds to actin within the RD domain. Calmodulin, when activated by calcium may bind weakly to the CH domain and inhibit calponin binding with α-actin. Calponin is responsible for binding many actin binding proteins, phospholipids, and regulates the actin/myosin interaction. Calponin is also thought to negatively affect the bone making process due to being expressed in high amounts in osteoblasts.
References
External links
Proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldesmon | Caldesmon is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CALD1 gene.
Caldesmon is a calmodulin binding protein. Like calponin, caldesmon tonically inhibits the ATPase activity of myosin in smooth muscle.
This gene encodes a calmodulin- and actin-binding protein that plays an essential role in the regulation of smooth muscle and nonmuscle contraction. The conserved domain of this protein possesses the binding activities to -calmodulin, actin, tropomyosin, myosin, and phospholipids. This protein is a potent inhibitor of the actin-tropomyosin activated myosin MgATPase, and serves as a mediating factor for -dependent inhibition of smooth muscle contraction. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.
Immunochemistry
In diagnostic immunochemistry, caldesmon is a marker for smooth muscle differentiation.
References
Further reading
External links
Proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau%E2%80%93Rayleigh%20instability | In fluid dynamics, the Plateau–Rayleigh instability, often just called the Rayleigh instability, explains why and how a falling stream of fluid breaks up into smaller packets with the same volume but less surface area. It is related to the Rayleigh–Taylor instability and is part of a greater branch of fluid dynamics concerned with fluid thread breakup. This fluid instability is exploited in the design of a particular type of ink jet technology whereby a jet of liquid is perturbed into a steady stream of droplets.
The driving force of the Plateau–Rayleigh instability is that liquids, by virtue of their surface tensions, tend to minimize their surface area. A considerable amount of work has been done recently on the final pinching profile by attacking it with self-similar solutions.
History
The Plateau–Rayleigh instability is named for Joseph Plateau and Lord Rayleigh. In 1873, Plateau found experimentally that a vertically falling stream of water will break up into drops if its length is greater than about 3.13 to 3.18 times its diameter, which he noted is close to . Later, Rayleigh showed theoretically that a vertically falling column of non-viscous liquid with a circular cross-section should break up into drops if its length exceeded its circumference, which is indeed times its diameter.
Theory
The explanation of this instability begins with the existence of tiny perturbations in the stream. These are always present, no matter how smooth the stream is (for example, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive%20response | The adaptive response is a form of direct DNA repair in E. coli that protects DNA from damage by external agents or by errors during replication. It is initiated against alkylation, particularly methylation, of guanine or thymine nucleotides or phosphate groups on the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA. Under sustained exposure to low-level treatment with alkylating mutagens, E. coli can adapt to the presence of the mutagen, rendering subsequent treatment with high doses of the same agent less effective.
This mechanism has four related genes, also known as “SOS genes”: ada, alkA, alkB, and aidB, each one working in specific residues, all regulated by ada protein.
The adaptive response is mediated by the ada protein (a part of the ada regulon), which covalently transfers alkyl groups from the damaged DNA to one of its two active methyl acceptor cysteine residues: Cys69 and Cys321. Ada protein can repair the damage by transferring methyl groups from O6-methylguanine or O4-methylthymine to Cys321 and also from methylphosphotriesters to Cys69 residue through an irreversible process. It can also convert the protein from a weak to a strong activator of transcription, increasing alkylation repair activity.
Function
Environmental influence plays a crucial role in the developmental plasticity of genotypes due to the introduction of DNA damaging agents. This phenomenon and the defense mechanism that has evolved to protect an organism’s genotype against damage and prevent multiple p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Myc | N-myc proto-oncogene protein also known as N-Myc or basic helix-loop-helix protein 37 (bHLHe37), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYCN gene.
Function
The MYCN gene is a member of the MYC family of transcription factors and encodes a protein with a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain. This protein is located in the cell nucleus and must dimerize with another bHLH protein in order to bind DNA. N-Myc is highly expressed in the fetal brain and is critical for normal brain development.
The MYCN gene has an antisense RNA, N-cym or MYCNOS, transcribed from the opposite strand which can be translated to form a protein product. N-Myc and MYCNOS are co-regulated both in normal development and in tumor cells, so it is possible that the two transcripts are functionally related. It has been shown that the antisense RNA encodes for a protein, named NCYM, that has originated de novo and is specific to human and chimpanzee. This NCYM protein inhibits GSK3b and thus prevents MYCN degradation. Transgenic mice that harbor human MYCN/NCYM pair often show neuroblastomas with distant metastasis, which are atypical for normal mice. Thus NCYM represents a rare example of a de novo gene that has acquired molecular function and plays a major role in oncogenesis.
Clinical significance
Amplification and overexpression of N-Myc can lead to tumorigenesis. Excess N-Myc is associated with a variety of tumors, most notably neuroblastomas where patients with amplification of the N-Myc gene |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orosomucoid | Orosomucoid (ORM) or alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (α1AGp, AGP or AAG) is an acute phase protein found in plasma. It is an alpha-globulin glycoprotein and is modulated by two polymorphic genes. It is synthesized primarily in hepatocytes and has a normal plasma concentration between 0.6–1.2 mg/mL (1–3% plasma protein). Plasma levels are affected by pregnancy, burns, certain drugs, and certain diseases, particularly HIV.
The only established function of ORM is to act as a carrier of basic and neutrally charged lipophilic compounds. In medicine, it is known as the primary carrier of basic (negatively charged) drugs (whereas albumin carries acidic (positively charged) and neutral drugs), steroids, and protease inhibitors. Aging causes a small decrease in plasma albumin levels; if anything, there is a small increase in alpha-1-acid glycoprotein. The effect of these changes on drug protein binding and drug delivery, however, appear to be minimal. AGP shows a complex interaction with thyroid homeostasis: AGP in low concentrations was observed to stimulate the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor and intracellular accumulation of cyclic AMP. High AGP concentrations, however, inhibited TSH signalling.
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein has been identified as one of four potentially useful circulating biomarkers for estimating the five-year risk of all-cause mortality (the other three are albumin, very low-density lipoprotein particle size, and citrate).
Orosomucoid increases in amount in obstructive jau |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron%20Lapapa | Aaron ben Isaac Lapapa (c. 1590–1674) was an Oriental rabbi and Talmudist. He was at first rabbi at Manissa, Turkey, and at an advanced age was called to Smyrna as judge in civil affairs. In 1665, when the Sabbatai Zevi movement was at its height there, he was one of the few rabbis who had the courage to oppose the false prophet and excommunicate him. Sabbatai Zevi and his adherents retorted by deposing him and forcing him to leave the city, and his office was given to his colleague, Ḥayyim Benveniste, at that time one of Sabbatai's followers. After Sabbatai's conversion to Islam, Lapapa seems to have been reinstated.
Lapapa was a pupil of Abraham Motal and son-in-law of Solomon Algazi. He wrote: Bene Aharon, responsa and novellæ (Smyrna, 1674); Teshubot, responsa, published in the Abaḳ Derakim of Baruch Kalometi (Salonica, 1714); Yad Aharon, an index to the Talmud and to rabbinical literature (see Benjacob, Oẓar ha-Sefarim). Two other works, a commentary to the Toledot Adam v'Chavah of R. Jeroham, and a work called Shiṭṭot Meḳubbaẓot, a collection of glosses on various Talmudic tractates, are mentioned by David Conforte and Azulai. An anonymous rabbinical decision, edited by Abraham Palaggi in Abraham Azkir (Smyrna, 1889) and by Simon Bernfeld in Ḳobeẓ al Yad (published by the Meḳiẓe Nirdamim, Berlin, 1899), is attributed to him.
Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography
Azulai, Shem ha-Gedolim, s.v. Ḥayyim Benveniste;
Benjacob, Oẓar ha-Sefarim, pp. 167, 478, 523;
David Conforte, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Aderem | Alan Aderem is an American biologist, specializing in immunology and cell biology. Aderem's particular focus is the innate immune system, the part of the immune system that responds generically to pathogens. His laboratory's research focuses on diseases afflicting citizens of resource poor countries, including AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis and influenza.
Education
A native of South Africa, Aderem joined the anti-apartheid movement as a teen in South Africa. He played a role in trade unions and community movements, and edited a township newspaper. Aderem was banned and put under house arrest for 5 years from 1977 to 1982. He was also a clandestine member of the African National Congress (ANC). He left South Africa in 1982.
Aderem obtained his Ph.D. at the University of Cape Town and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at The Rockefeller University in the laboratory of Zanvil Cohn. Aderem became head of the laboratory of Signal Transduction in 1991. In 1996, he accepted a professorship of Immunology and Medicine at the University of Washington.
Career
In 2012, Aderem became president of Seattle Biomedical Research Institute (Seattle BioMed). Aderem co-founded the Institute for Systems Biology with Leroy Hood and Ruedi Aebersold in 2000 and served as its director until 2011. The ISB, the first institute for systems biology worldwide, focuses on a holistic understanding of biology, health, and disease.
Aderem has edited several journals including The Journal of Experimen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spurt | Spurt may refer to:
Secretory protein in upper respiratory tracts, a gene encoding a secretory protein
Spurt (Dutch Railways), a trade name for certain Dutch Rail routes
See also
Blood spurt
Growth spurt, the increase in bone growth during puberty
Strength spurt, the increase of muscle mass and physical strength during puberty
Spert (disambiguation)
Spirthill |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasse%20Brandeby | Lasse Brandeby (27 April 1945 – 20 November 2011) was a Swedish actor, comedian and journalist.
Biography
Brandeby was born in the Majorna district of Gothenburg. After receiving his degree in journalism he worked for Radio Sjuhärad. He debuted as an actor in the early 1980s on Nationalteatern in Gothenburg. He was best known for his quirky character Kurt Olsson, around whom several TV-shows and one feature film were made in the 1980s and 1990s. He was also known for his other comedic character Rolf Allan Mjunstedt in the TV series Rena rama Rolf, a Swedish language adaptation of The Honeymooners, where audiences also saw the breakthrough of comedian Robert Gustafsson.
During early 2007 he participated in the Swedish TV show Let's Dance with dance partner Ann Lähdet where he failed to reach the final three.
Brandeby died in Gothenburg on 20 November 2011 after suffering from prostate cancer, 66 years old.
References
External links
1945 births
2011 deaths
Swedish comedians
20th-century Swedish journalists
Male actors from Gothenburg
20th-century Swedish male actors
21st-century Swedish male actors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pannexin | Pannexins (from Greek 'παν' — all, and from Latin 'nexus' — connection) are a family of vertebrate proteins identified by their homology to the invertebrate innexins. While innexins are responsible for forming gap junctions in invertebrates, the pannexins have been shown to predominantly exist as large transmembrane channels connecting the intracellular and extracellular space, allowing the passage of ions and small molecules between these compartments (such as ATP and sulforhodamine B).
Three pannexins have been described in Chordates: Panx1, Panx2 and Panx3.
Function
Pannexins can form nonjunctional transmembrane channels for transport of molecules of less than 1000 Da. These hemichannels can be present in plasma, ER and Golgi membranes. They transport Ca2+, ATP, inositol triphosphate and other small molecules and can form hemichannels with greater ease than connexin subunits. Pannexin 1 and pannexin 2 underlie channel function in neurons and contribute to ischemic brain damage.
Pannexin 1 has been shown to be involved in early stages of innate immunity through an interaction with the P2X7 purinergic receptor. Activation of the pannexin channel through binding of ATP to P2X7 receptor leads to the release of interleukin-1β.
Hypothetical roles of pannexins in the nervous system include participating in sensory processing, synchronization between hippocampus and cortex, hippocampal plasticity, and propagation of calcium waves. Calcium waves are supported by glial cells, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innexin | Innexins are transmembrane proteins that form gap junctions in invertebrates. Gap junctions are composed of membrane proteins that form a channel permeable to ions and small molecules connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. Although gap junctions provide similar functions in all multicellular organisms, it was not known what proteins invertebrates used for this purpose until the late 1990s. While the connexin family of gap junction proteins was well-characterized in vertebrates, no homologues were found in non-chordates.
Innexins or related proteins are widespread among Eumetazoa, with the exception of echinoderms.
Discovery
Gap junction proteins with no sequence homology to connexins were initially identified in fruit flies. It was suggested that these proteins are specific invertebrate gap junctions, and they were thus named "innexins" (invertebrate analog of connexins). They were later identified in diverse invertebrates. Invertebrate genomes may contain more than a dozen innexin genes. Once the human genome was sequenced, innexin homologues were identified in humans and then in other vertebrates, indicating their ubiquitous distribution in the animal kingdom. These homologues were called "pannexins" (from the Greek pan - all, throughout, and Latin nexus - connection, bond). However, increasing evidence suggests that pannexins do not form gap junctions unless overexpressed in tissue and thus, differ functionally from innexins.
Structure
Innexins have four transmem |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20%28magazine%29 | DNA is an Australian monthly magazine targeted at gay men. The magazine was founded by Andrew Creagh in 2000, who also acts as the managing editor of the publication. The magazine features topical news and stories on celebrities, entertainment, lifestyle, fashion, pop culture reviews, articles on fitness, grooming and health tips along with photography features.
The publication is currently Australia's top-selling gay men's magazine. The magazine is available in print throughout news agencies and selected bookstores in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the USA, the UK and across Europe. The magazine is also available online through online publication stores, including DNAstore, iTunes, Pocketmags, Amazon Kindle, Windows, and Google Play.
History
DNA Magazine was founded by Andrew Creagh in 2000, who acts as the managing editor of the magazine. Creagh had previously worked as the deputy editor for Studio Magazines in Australia which included over ten publications, including Blue an LGBT magazine focusing on gay culture, Black+White a photographic based magazine that included photographic features, and Studio for Men a monthly publication focusing on men's fashion and editorials.
Creagh has been actively involved in the curation of the magazine from its inception and continues to play a significant role in both its commercial expansion and editorial development as a domestic publication that has expanded into several global markets.
Content
Notable local and international c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian%20T-shaped%20Radio%20telescope%2C%20second%20modification | The Ukrainian T-shaped Radio telescope, second modification (official abbreviation UTR-2) is the world's largest low-frequency radio telescope at decametre wavelengths. It was completed in 1972 near the village of Hrakovo (), 15 km west-south-west from Shevchenkove, Ukraine. The telescope is operated by the Institute of Radio Astronomy of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.
The UTR-2 consists of an array of 2040 dipole elements in two arms each containing 6 rows of elements, oriented in a T shape: a north–south arm consisting of 1440 elements covering an area of 1800×60 meters, and an east–west arm consisting of 600 elements covering an area of 900×60 meters. The basic element is a broadband cage dipole 1.8 m in diameter and 8 m long made of galvanized steel wire, mounted 3.5 m above the ground, with a balun to connect it to the transmission line. The dipoles are all oriented along the east–west axis, with the spacing between rows of 7.5 m in east–west direction and 9 m in north–south. It has a total area of , and a resolution of about 40 arcminutes at the middle frequency 16.7 MHz. The operating frequency range is 8–33 MHz. The sensitivity is about 10 mJy.
Steering of the antenna main lobe is accomplished with phase shifters consisting of switchable delay lines.
The telescope is a part of the URAN (Ukrainian Radio Interferometer of NASU) decametric VLBI system, which includes another four significantly smaller low-frequency radio telescopes. That system has bases from |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTH | BTH may refer to:
Bachelor of Theology (B.Th.)
Bacterial two-hybrid system, a genetic technique to detect interactions among proteins
Benzothiadiazole (disambiguation)
Blekinge Institute of Technology (Blekinge Tekniska Högskola), Sweden
British Thomson-Houston, a British engineering and heavy industrial company
British Transport Hotels
California Business, Transportation and Housing Agency, US
Hang Nadim International Airport, Batam, Indonesia (IATA: BTH)
Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, American hip hop group |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onsemi | onsemi (stylized in lowercase as "onsemi"; legally ON Semiconductor Corporation; formerly ON Semiconductor until August 5, 2021) is an American semiconductor supplier company, based in Scottsdale, Arizona and ranked #483 on the 2022 Fortune 500 based on its 2021 sales. Products include power and signal management, logic, discrete, and custom devices for automotive, communications, computing, consumer, industrial, LED lighting, medical, military/aerospace and power applications. onsemi runs a network of manufacturing facilities, sales offices and design centers in North America, Europe, and the Asia Pacific regions. Based on its 2016 revenues of $3.907 billion, onsemi ranked among the worldwide top 20 semiconductor sales leaders.
History
onsemi was founded in 1999. The company was originally a spinoff of Motorola's Semiconductor Components Group. It continues to manufacture Motorola's discrete, standard analog, and standard logic devices.
In February 2022, it was announced that BelGaN Group BV had completed the acquisition of all shares of ON Semiconductor Belgium BV from the onsemi group.
Starting March 1, 2023, onsemi's headquarters moved to the new site in Scottsdale, AZ.
Acquisitions
In April 2000, onsemi completed the acquisition of Cherry Semiconductor.
In 2003, onsemi acquired TESLA SEZAM (manufacturer of semiconductor chips) and TEROSIL (production of silicon) in the Czech Republic. Both of these companies were the successors of the former state-owned company TE |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Standard%20Industrial%20Classification | The International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) is a United Nations industry classification system. Wide use has been made of ISIC in classifying data according to kind of economic activity in the fields of employment and health data.
It is maintained by the United Nations Statistics Division.
ISIC classifies entities by activity. The most detailed categories are defined by combinations of activities described in statistical units, considering the relative importance of the activities included in these classes.
ISIC Rev.4 continues to use criteria such as input, output and use of the products produced, but places additional emphasis on production processes.
Revision history
The United Nations Statistics Division has published the following revisions of the ISIC standard:
Revision 1 - Published in 1958
Revision 2 - Published in 1968
Revision 3 - Published in 1989
Revision 3.1 - Published by the United Nations in 2002
Revision 4 - Published by the United Nations in 2008
ISIC Revision 4 broad structure
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
Transportation and storage
Accommodation and food service activities
Information and communication
Financial and insurance activities
Real estate acti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pull%20buoy | A pull buoy or leg float is a figure-eight shaped piece of closed-cell foam used in swim workouts. Swimmers place the buoy between their thighs or their ankles to provide support to the body without kicking their legs; this allows the swimmer to focus on training only their arms and developing both endurance and upper body strength.
Using the pull buoy gives the arms a more focused workout by providing flotational support for hips and legs. Good body position and technique can be established and a bilateral breathing rhythm can be refined.
The pull buoy can be combined with a rubber ring to tie one's feet together, so there is no notion of kick. It also provides individuals with heavy legs with a way to be better positioned in the water.
Pull buoy is often confused with pool buoy, particularly by those who have never seen the term written. Pull here refers to the pull phase of the swim stroke which this device helps to train. Pool buoys usually refers to the floating plastic lines used to demarcate lap lanes in a pool.
Swimming equipment |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taro%20Morishima | was a Japanese mathematician specializing in algebra who attended University of Tokyo in Japan. Morishima published at least thirteen papers, including his work on Fermat's Last Theorem. and a collected works volume published in 1990 after his death. He also corresponded several times with American mathematician H. S. Vandiver.
Morishima's Theorem on FLT
Let m be a prime number not exceeding 31. Let p be prime, and let x, y, z be integers such that xp + yp + zp = 0. Assume that p does not divide the product xyz. Then, p² must divide mp − 1-1.
Review
Granville wrote that Morishima's proof could not be accepted.
References
External links
Collected papers at Queen's University
1903 births
1989 deaths
20th-century Japanese mathematicians
Algebraists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotman%20%28Cliff%20Steele%29 | Robotman (Clifford "Cliff" Steele, called Automaton in first two appearances) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He is best known as a member of the Doom Patrol, being the only character to appear in every version of the team since its introduction in June 1963.
Robotman has appeared in numerous cartoon television shows and films. Robotman made his first live adaptation as a guest star on the Titans television series for DC Universe played by Jake Michaels. Riley Shanahan took over from Michaels in the role. He is part of the main cast of its spin-off Doom Patrol which is also on Max. Brendan Fraser provides the voice of Robotman and portrays Cliff Steele in flashbacks in the series.
Publication history
Robotman first appeared in My Greatest Adventure #80 (June 1963) and was created by Arnold Drake and Bruno Premiani. According to Drake, the issue's co-writer Bob Haney was not brought on to the project until after Robotman was created. He commented on the character's original name, Automaton:
That name was pretty stupid. I've been responsible for a lot of stupid things, but that was one of the stupidest, so, within two issues, I figured that out and changed his name to Robotman.
At the time, Drake didn't realize that there had been a previous character named Robotman, published in 1942-1953 during the Golden Age of Comic Books. DC's previous Robotman also had a human brain.
Robotman was the only original member of the Doom Patrol to a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20feature%20format | In bioinformatics, the general feature format (gene-finding format, generic feature format, GFF) is a file format used for describing genes and other features of DNA, RNA and protein sequences.
GFF Versions
The following versions of GFF exist:
General Feature Format Version 2, generally deprecated
Gene Transfer Format 2.2, a derivative used by Ensembl
Generic Feature Format Version 3
Genome Variation Format, with additional pragmas and attributes for sequence_alteration features
GFF2/GTF had a number of deficiencies, notably that it can only represent two-level feature hierarchies and thus cannot handle the three-level hierarchy of gene → transcript → exon. GFF3 addresses this and other deficiencies. For example, it supports arbitrarily many hierarchical levels, and gives specific meanings to certain tags in the attributes field.
The GTF is identical to GFF, version 2.
GFF general structure
All GFF formats (GFF2, GFF3 and GTF) are tab delimited with 9 fields per line. They all share the same structure for the first 7 fields, while differing in the content and format of the ninth field. Some field names have been changed in GFF3 to avoid confusion. For example, the "seqid" field was formerly referred to as "sequence", which may be confused with a nucleotide or amino acid chain. The general structure is as follows:
The 8th field: phase of CDS features
Simply put, CDS means "CoDing Sequence". The exact meaning of the term is defined by Sequence Ontology (SO). Accordi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstacle%20avoidance | In robotics, obstacle avoidance is the task of satisfying some control objective subject to non-intersection or non-collision position constraints. What is critical about obstacle avoidance concept in this area is the growing need of usage of unmanned aerial vehicles in urban areas for especially military applications where it can be very useful in city wars. Normally obstacle avoidance is considered to be distinct from path planning in that one is usually implemented as a reactive control law while the other involves the pre-computation of an obstacle-free path which a controller will then guide a robot along. With recent advanced in the autonomous vehicles sector, a good and dependable obstacle avoidance feature of a driverless platform is also required to have a robust obstacle detection module.
Reactive obstacle avoidance is a behavior based control strategy in a robot. It is a task similar to the navigation problem and produces a collision free motion.
See also
D* dynamic pathfinding algorithm
Robotics
Robot control
References
External links
Forecast 3D Laser System: a LIDAR based obstacle detection and avoidance sensor. Forecast generates a 3D point cloud or cost map output that can be used for robotic command and control software, terrain mapping, and other applications.
Further reading
BECKER, M. ; DANTAS, Carolina Meirelles ; MACEDO, Weber Perdigão, "Obstacle Avoidance Procedure for Mobile Robots". In: Paulo Eigi Miyagi; Oswaldo Horikawa; Emilia Villan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptotropic%20hypothesis | The synaptotropic hypothesis, also called the synaptotrophic hypothesis, is a neurobiological hypothesis of neuronal growth and synapse formation. The hypothesis was first formulated by J.E. Vaughn in 1988, and remains a focus of current research efforts. The synaptotropic hypothesis proposes that input from a presynaptic to a postsynaptic cell (and maturation of excitatory synaptic inputs) eventually can change the course of synapse formation at dendritic and axonal arbors. This synapse formation is required for the development of neuronal structure in the functioning brain.
Dendritic Arbor Development
Growth
Dendrites of central nervous system neurons grow by addition and retraction of thin branches. This process is highly dynamic. Only a small fraction of newly added branches are actually maintained to become long-lasting components of the arbor. This process suggests that the branches sample the environment to detect the appropriate cells with which to form synapses. As a result, the hypothesis predicts that growth will be directed into regions containing more presynaptic elements. This morphology can be stabilized by creating microtubule nucleation at the microtubules.
Synaptogenesis
The formation of new synapses begins with initial contact between cells via cell-cell adhesion. This contact often occurs between either axonal or dendritic filopodia, which are highly dynamic and rarely stabilize. Next, the adhesive contact is converted to a nascent synapse, which conta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transponder%20%28aeronautics%29 | A transponder (short for transmitter-responder and sometimes abbreviated to XPDR, XPNDR, TPDR or TP) is an electronic device that produces a response when it receives a radio-frequency interrogation. Aircraft have transponders to assist in identifying them on air traffic control radar. Collision avoidance systems have been developed to use transponder transmissions as a means of detecting aircraft at risk of colliding with each other.
Air traffic control units use the term "squawk" when they are assigning an aircraft a transponder code, e.g., "Squawk 7421". Squawk thus can be said to mean "select transponder code" or "squawking xxxx" to mean "I have selected transponder code xxxx".
The transponder receives interrogation from the Secondary Surveillance Radar on 1030 MHz and replies on 1090 MHz.
Secondary surveillance radar
Secondary surveillance radar (SSR) is referred to as "secondary", to distinguish it from the "primary radar" that works by passively reflecting a radio signal off the skin of the aircraft. Primary radar determines range and bearing to a target with reasonably high fidelity, but it cannot determine target elevation (altitude) reliably except at close range. SSR uses an active transponder (beacon) to transmit a response to an interrogation by a secondary radar. This response most often includes the aircraft's pressure altitude and a 4-digit octal identifier.
Operation
A pilot may be requested to squawk a given code by an air traffic controller, via the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-binomial%20distribution | In probability theory and statistics, the beta-binomial distribution is a family of discrete probability distributions on a finite support of non-negative integers arising when the probability of success in each of a fixed or known number of Bernoulli trials is either unknown or random. The beta-binomial distribution is the binomial distribution in which the probability of success at each of n trials is not fixed but randomly drawn from a beta distribution. It is frequently used in Bayesian statistics, empirical Bayes methods and classical statistics to capture overdispersion in binomial type distributed data.
The beta-binomial is a one-dimensional version of the Dirichlet-multinomial distribution as the binomial and beta distributions are univariate versions of the multinomial and Dirichlet distributions respectively. The special case where α and β are integers is also known as the negative hypergeometric distribution.
Motivation and derivation
As a compound distribution
The Beta distribution is a conjugate distribution of the binomial distribution. This fact leads to an analytically tractable compound distribution where one can think of the parameter in the binomial distribution as being randomly drawn from a beta distribution.
Suppose we were interested in predicting the number of heads, in future trials. This is given by
Using the properties of the beta function, this can alternatively be written
Beta-binomial as an urn model
The beta-binomial distribution can a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberth%20method | The Aberth method, or Aberth–Ehrlich method or Ehrlich–Aberth method, named after Oliver Aberth and Louis W. Ehrlich, is a root-finding algorithm developed in 1967 for simultaneous approximation of all the roots of a univariate polynomial.
This method converges cubically, an improvement over the Durand–Kerner method, another algorithm for approximating all roots at once, which converges quadratically. (However, both algorithms converge linearly at multiple zeros.)
This method is used in MPSolve, which is the reference software for approximating all roots of a polynomial to an arbitrary precision.
Description
Let be a univariate polynomial of degree with real or complex coefficients. Then there exist complex numbers , the roots of , that give the factorization:
Although those numbers are unknown, upper and lower bounds for their absolute values are computable from the coefficients of the polynomial. Now one can pick distinct numbers in the complex plane—randomly or evenly distributed—such that their absolute values are within the same bounds. (Also, if the zeros are symmetrical, the starting points must not be exactly symmetrical along the same axis, as this can prevent convergence.) A set of such numbers is called an initial approximation of the set of roots of . This approximation can be iteratively improved using the following procedure.
Let be the current approximations of the zeros of . Then offset numbers are computed as
where is the polynomial derivative |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Pickering%20%28writer%29 | David Pickering is a reference books compiler. He has contributed to (and often been sole author and editor of) some 150 reference books, mostly in the areas of the arts, language, local history and popular interest. These include a Dictionary of Theatre (1988), an Encyclopedia of Pantomime (1993), Brewer's Twentieth-Century Music (1994; 1997), a Dictionary of Superstitions (1995) and a Dictionary of Witchcraft (1996).
He lives in Buckingham with his wife and two sons. Pickering was a pupil at Dryden House, Oundle School. He graduated in English from St Peter's College, Oxford.
Dictionary of the Theatre (1988)
Dictionary of the Theatre, edited by Pickering and published by Sphere in 1988, is intended to be a comprehensive dictionary of important plays and figures in the history of theatre. Derek Paget, writing in New Theatre Quarterly in 1990, wrote that the Dictionary was "likely to be of great use as reference (and as a first line of inquiry) to a wide range of people".
Bibliography
Review, by Rosenthal, Marilyn, Library Journal. 1/1/2002, Vol. 127 Issue 1, p88-89
Review, by Bibel, Barbara and Quinn, Mary Ellen Booklist. 02/01/98, Vol. 94 Issue 11, p934. 2p.
References
1958 births
Living people
People educated at Oundle School
English non-fiction writers
Alumni of St Peter's College, Oxford
People from Buckingham
English male non-fiction writers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutinose | Rutinose is the disaccharide also known as 6-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-D-glucose (C12H22O10) that is present in some flavonoid glycosides. It is prepared from rutin by hydrolysis with the enzyme rhamnodiastase.
References
Disaccharides
Deoxy sugars |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Bollmann%20Condy | Henry Bollmann Condy (8 July 1826 — 24 September 1907) was an English chemist and industrialist best noted for giving his name to the popular 19th and 20th century disinfectants Condy's Crystals and Condy's Fluid.
Condy was born in London. His mother inherited a chemical factory in Battersea from a Hungarian chemist named Dr Bollmann. A company was eventually set up in London that was known variously as Bollmann Condy and Co., Condy and Co., Condy Brothers and Co., Condy's Fluid Co., and Condy and Mitchell Ltd. The company began as a firm of vinegar manufacturers and drysalters. It later moved into essential oil, vitriol and disinfectant production. Condy became a partner in the company in 1854.
Condy had an interest in disinfectants and marketed products such as "ozonised water". He developed and patented "Condy's fluid" in 1857. Condy’s fluid was a disinfectant solution of alkaline manganates and permanganates that could be taken internally or used externally. It had various indications including the treatment and prevention of scarlet fever. A more stable crystalline version of Condy's fluid was subsequently developed and marketed as Condy's Crystals or Cond's powder. The fluid and crystals were both manufactured at the company’s works in Battersea between 1867 and 1897. The factory was taken over by Morgan Crucible.
He died in Folkestone, Kent.
Footnote
Advertisements that appeared in the Kingston newspaper The Gleaner during the 1860s and 1870s claimed that Condy' |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avrami%20equation | The Avrami equation describes how solids transform from one phase to another at constant temperature. It can specifically describe the kinetics of crystallisation, can be applied generally to other changes of phase in materials, like chemical reaction rates, and can even be meaningful in analyses of ecological systems.
The equation is also known as the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation. The equation was first derived by Johnson, Mehl, Avrami and Kolmogorov (in Russian) in a series of articles published in the Journal of Chemical Physics between 1939 and 1941. Moreover, Kolmogorov treated statistically the crystallization of a solid in 1937 (in Russian, Kolmogorov, A. N., Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR., 1937, 3, 355).
Transformation kinetics
Transformations are often seen to follow a characteristic s-shaped, or sigmoidal, profile where the transformation rates are low at the beginning and the end of the transformation but rapid in between.
The initial slow rate can be attributed to the time required for a significant number of nuclei of the new phase to form and begin growing. During the intermediate period the transformation is rapid as the nuclei grow into particles and consume the old phase while nuclei continue to form in the remaining parent phase.
Once the transformation approaches completion, there remains little untransformed material for further nucleation, and the production of new particles begins to slow. Additionally, the previously formed particles be |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permissiveness%20%28biology%29 | In endocrinology, permissiveness is a biochemical phenomenon in which the presence of one hormone is required in order for another hormone to exert its full effects on a target cell. Hormones can interact in permissive, synergistic, or antagonistic ways. The chemical classes of hormones include amines, polypeptides, glycoproteins and steroids. Permissive hormones act as precursors to active hormones and may be classified as either prohormones or prehormones. It stimulate the formation of receptors of that hormone.
Examples
Thyroid hormone increases the number of beta adrenergic receptors available for epinephrine at the latter's target cell, thereby increasing epinephrine's effect on that cell. Specially in cardiac cell. Without the thyroid hormone, epinephrine would have only a weak effect.
Cortisol exerts a permissive effect on growth hormone.
The effects of a hormone in the body depend on its concentration. Permissive actions of glucocorticoids like cortisol generally occur at low concentrations. Abnormally high amounts of a hormone can result in atypical effects. Glucocorticoids function by attaching to cytoplasmic receptors to either enhance or suppress changes in the transcription of DNA and thus the synthesis of proteins. Glucocorticoids also inhibit the secretion of cytokines via post-translational modification effects.
References
Biology terminology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metox%20radar%20detector | The R600A Metox, named after its manufacturer, was a pioneering high-frequency radar warning receiver (RWR) used by the German forces on U-boats from 1942-45. It was initially installed to receive signals used by British radars.
Manufacture and purpose
The Metox was manufactured by a small French company in occupied Paris. It was tuned to receive the signals used by many British radars of the early and mid-World War II era, notably the ASV Mk. II radar used by RAF Coastal Command to attack U-boats. It is not clear whether the design was German or French or both. It was installed on German U-boats starting in 1942 and used until the end of the war. The system given the official title of FuMB 1 (for , Radio measuring device).
British radar
From July 1940, the British fitted the RAF Mk II AI (Airborne Interception) radar into Coastal Command aircraft for use as the Mk II "-metre ASV". The radar's known AI weaknesses — problems due to land clutter and inability to determine height, which caused its failure in night fighters — were no handicap in this new role. With two range scales, and , it could detect surfaced U-boats at up to and land at up to away, though a typical U-boat detection range was . The radar had a fairly crude display but was able to give the range and an approximate direction within an arc either side of the aircraft heading. Returns were lost in sea clutter once the aircraft was within about of the U-boat but usually by then, the aircraft was within vi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature%20%28disambiguation%29 | Temperature is a physical quantity that expresses hot and cold.
Temperature may also refer to:
Science and technology
Thermodynamic temperature, a quantity defined in thermodynamics
Color temperature, of a light source
Effective temperature, of a body such as a star or planet
Human body temperature
Fever or "having a temperature", the elevation of the body temperature
Noise temperature, a measure of the noise of an electronic component
Music
"Temperature" (song), a song released in 2006 by Sean Paul
"Temperature" a song by Zion I from True & Livin'
"Temperature", a song by Blaque from Blaque Out
"Temperature", a song by Little Walter
Other uses
Temperature (game theory), a measure of the value of a game to its players
See also
Doneness, a gauge of how thoroughly cooked a cut of meat is based on its color, juiciness, and internal temperature
Planetary equilibrium temperature, a theoretical temperature that a planet would be as a black body being heated only by its parent star
Thermal radiation, generated by the thermal motion of particles in matter
Heat (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAG1 | Recombination activating gene 1 also known as RAG-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAG1 gene.
The RAG1 and RAG2 genes are largely conserved in humans. 55.99% and 55.98% of the encoded amino acids contain no reported variants, respectively.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is involved in antibody and T-cell receptor V(D)J recombination. RAG-1 is involved in recognition of the DNA substrate, but stable binding and cleavage activity also requires RAG-2. The RAG-1/2 complex recognizes recombination signal sequences (RSSs) that flank the V, D and J regions in the genes that encode the heavy and light chains of antibodies and components of T-cell receptors. The complex binds to the RSSs and nicks the DNA. This leads to the removal of the intervening DNA and the eventual ligation of the V, D and J sequences. Defects in this gene can cause several different diseases.
Clinical significance
Because of these effects, Rag1 deletion is used in mouse models of disease to impair T cell and B cell development, and functionally deletes mature T and B cells from the immune system.
In humans, RAG deficiency was first recognised as a form of immune dysregulation known as Omenn syndrome. RAG deficiency is considered an autosomal recessive disease. The disorder is generally identified in infants. Complete loss-of-function in RAG1/2, the main components responsible for V(D)J recombination activity, produces severe immunodeficiency in humans. Hypomorphic RAG variants |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTD%20%28mobile%20network%29 | MTD (Swedish abbreviation for Mobiltelefonisystem D, or Mobile telephony system D) was a manual mobile phone system for the 450 MHz frequency band. It was introduced in 1971 in Sweden, and lasted until 1987, when it was made obsolete by the NMT automatic service. The MTD network had 20,000 users at its peak, with 700 people employed as phone operators.
MTD was also implemented in Denmark and in Norway (from 1976), which allowed roaming within the Scandinavian countries.
MTA
In Sweden, the first mobile phone system was MTA (for Mobiltelefonisystem A), which was introduced in 1956, and lasted until 1967. It was a 160 MHz system available in Stockholm and Gothenburg, with 125 total subscribers. The second system, MTB (for Mobiltelefonisystem B), had transistorized mobile sets, was introduced in 1962, and lasted until 1983. It operated in the 76–77.5 and 81–82.5 MHz bands, was also available in Malmö, and had around 600 subscribers.
OLT
In Norway, the first mobile phone system was OLT, introduced in 1966. In 1976, the OLT system was extended to include UHF bands, incorporating MTD, and allowing international roaming within Sweden.
External links
Brief description of MTD as well as MTA and MTB
Some history behind MTA and MTB (latest snapshot at the Internet Archive)
Mobile radio telephone systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAG2 | Recombination activating gene 2 protein (also known as RAG-2) is a lymphocyte-specific protein encoded by RAG2 gene on human chromosome 11. Together with RAG1 protein, RAG2 forms a V(D)J recombinase, a protein complex required for the process of V(D)J recombination during which the variable regions of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes are assembled in developing B and T lymphocytes. Therefore, RAG2 is essential for generation of mature B and T lymphocytes.
Structure
RAG2 is a 527-amino acid long protein. Its N-terminal part is thought to form a six-bladed propeller in the active core. RAG2 is conserved among all species that carry out V(D)J recombination and its expression pattern correlates precisely with V(D)J recombinase activity. RAG2 is expressed in immature lymphoid cells. While amount of RAG1 is constant during the cell cycle, RAG2 accumulates mainly in G0 and G1 phase of cell cycle and it undergoes rapid degradation when the cell enters S phase. This serves as an important regulatory mechanism of V(D)J recombination and a prevention of genomic instability.
Function
RAG2 is one of the two core components of the RAG complex. RAG complex is a multiprotein complex that mediates the DNA cleavage phase during V(D)J recombination. This complex can make double-strand breaks by cleaving DNA at conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS).
The other core component of this complex is RAG1. This protein is thought to possess most of the catalytic activity of the RA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel%20%28disambiguation%29 | A gel is a complex solid but fluid substance with liquid-like properties.
Gel may also refer to:
Personal care
Hair gel, a gel used for setting hair styles which makes it stay still
Shower gel, a cosmetic body wash
Personal lubricant used for sex purposes
Pharmaceutics and physical chemistry
Gel cap, a gelatinous capsule in which a drug is held
Aerogel, a gel that has been dehydrated under supercritical conditions such that the liquid has been replaced with gas
Hydrogel or aquagel, a water-insoluble polymer
Sol-gel, a colloidal suspension that can be gelled to form a solid
Xerogel, a dried gel that, when heated, becomes a dense glass
Entertainment
Color gel, a transparent colored material used to shade stage lighting for plays and film
Gel, a fictional character in the manga series Hunter × Hunter
Gel, American hardcore punk band
Other uses
Gel (dessert), a dessert made with sweetened and flavored gelatin
Gel conference
Gel pen
Gelling (Arunachal Pradesh), location in India
Georgian lari, by ISO 4217 currency code
Group Exemption Letter, issued by the United States Internal Revenue Service
Lichk, Armenia, formerly Gël
Silica gel
ut-Ma'in language
See also
Agar
Collagen
Colloid
Gelatin
Jelly (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BPY | BPY may refer to:
2,2'-Bipyridine
The ISO/FDIS 639-3 code for Bishnupriya Manipuri language
Beta-amyrin synthase, an enzyme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMG-CoA | β-Hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA), also known as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A, is an intermediate in the mevalonate and ketogenesis pathways. It is formed from acetyl CoA and acetoacetyl CoA by HMG-CoA synthase. The research of Minor J. Coon and Bimal Kumar Bachhawat in the 1950s at University of Illinois led to its discovery.
HMG-CoA is a metabolic intermediate in the metabolism of the branched-chain amino acids, which include leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Its immediate precursors are β-methylglutaconyl-CoA (MG-CoA) and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-CoA (HMB-CoA).
HMG-CoA reductase catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid, a necessary step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.
Biosynthesis
Mevalonate pathway
Mevalonate synthesis begins with the beta-ketothiolase-catalyzed Claisen condensation of two molecules of acetyl-CoA to produce acetoacetyl CoA. The following reaction involves the joining of acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA, a process catalyzed by HMG-CoA synthase.
In the final step of mevalonate biosynthesis, HMG-CoA reductase, an NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase, catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA into mevalonate, which is the primary regulatory point in this pathway. Mevalonate serves as the precursor to isoprenoid groups that are incorporated into a wide variety of end-products, including cholesterol in humans.
Ketogenesis pathway
HMG-CoA lyase breaks it into acetyl CoA and acetoacetate.
See also
Steroidogenic enzym |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA%20Type%2077-DX%20microphone | The RCA Type 77-DX microphone is a poly-directional ribbon microphone, or pressure-gradient microphone, introduced by the RCA Corporation in 1954. It was preceded by the Type 77-D introduced in 1948. Its popularity and classic design has resulted in the 77-DX becoming an iconic microphone, used by broadcasters and media personalities such as Edward R. Murrow, David Letterman and Larry King.
Controls
The directionality of the 77-DX is variable. A rotating backshutter on the acoustic labyrinth, controlled by a screwdriver-operated slot at the rear of the microphone, allows the user to vary the microphone's pattern from omnidirectional in the fully closed position, to cardioid, to figure-8 (bidirectional) in the fully open position. A 3-position switch at the bottom end of the microphone allows the user to control the amount of low-frequency rolloff.
Response and output characteristics
At 1 kHz, the 77-DX has an output of -50 to -56dbm, depending on the pattern selection. The output impedance is user-selectable; factory preset at 250 ohms, and changeable to 30 or 150 ohms. The microphone has a fairly flat response. In the cardioid (unidirectional) pattern, it is level from approximately 150 Hz to 2 kHz, with a slight rise peaking at just under 5 kHz, then dropping approximately 3 dB/octave to 20 kHz.
User techniques
The 77-DX has been used on countless vocal recordings by Bing Crosby, Kate Smith, Frank Sinatra, Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Al Green, and many others. It is stil |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZR%20RM%20class | The RM class was the classification used by the New Zealand Railways Department (NZR) and its successors gave to most railcars and railbuses that have operated on New Zealand's national rail network. "RM" stands for Rail Motor which was the common name at the turn of the 20th century for what became known in New Zealand as railcars. As many types of railcars are operated, class names have been given to each railcar type to differentiate them from others.
Experimental and early railcars
In the early 20th century, NZR began investigating railcar technology to provide profitable and efficient passenger services on regional routes and rural branch lines where carriage trains were not economic and "mixed" trains (passenger carriage(s) attached to freight trains) were undesirably slow.
A number of experimental railcars and railbuses were developed:
1912: RM1 MacEwan-Pratt petrol railcar - the first railcar to operate in New Zealand
1914: RM1 (number re-used) Westinghouse petrol-electric railcar
1916: RM2 Thomas Transmission petrol-electric railcar
1924: A88 Buckhurst petrol carriage railcar (not officially a member of the RM class)
1925: Leyland petrol railcar
1925: RM4 and RM5 Model T Ford railbus
1925: Sentinel-Cammell steam railcar
1926: Clayton steam railcar
1926: RM6 Edison battery-electric railcar
1934: RM1 (number re-used) Red Terror railcar
The most successful of the experimental and early railcars was the Edison battery-electric railcar, which provided a popu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elkhorn%20Valley%20Schools | Elkhorn Valley Schools is located in Tilden, in the northeast section of the state of Nebraska, United States.
District statistics
The district is a Class 3 school and categorized as a C2 class size. The district houses approximately 300 students in a K-12 campus location. The staff consists of 33 teachers, 9 paraprofessionals, 2 administrators and 15 classified personnel.
Curriculum
The school supports a strong education foundation of scientific research based educational programs and curricula. The curricula support and comply with the expectations and guidelines of the Nebraska A.L.L.S.T.A.R. program. The district continuously improves its educational structure through the training and support of a six-year Reading First grant and program implementation. An inhouse preschool, funded through Title I federal grant monies, along with the traditional kindergarten through 12th grades, focus on improving reading skills, for their school improvement plan. Focus areas supporting the main improvement plan include the use and implementation of technology in the learning environment of all students and an increased emphasis on math skills and practice time in the classrooms. These targeted areas provide direction for students and teachers to improve reading, math, and technology skills that will meet 21st-century expectations.
School symbols
The school colors are green and white, and the mascot is the Falcon.
References
External links
School districts in Nebraska
Ed |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna%20of%20Indonesia | The fauna of Indonesia is characterised by high levels of biodiversity and endemicity due to its distribution over a vast tropical archipelago. Indonesia divides into two ecological regions; western Indonesia which is more influenced by Asian fauna, and the east which is more influenced by Australasian species.
The Wallace Line, around which lies the Wallacea transitional region, notionally divides the two regions. There is diverse range of ecosystems, including beaches, sand dunes, estuaries, mangroves, coral reefs, sea grass beds, coastal mudflats, tidal flats, algal beds, and small island ecosystems.
Environmental issues due to Indonesia's rapid industrialisation process and high population growth, have seen lower priority given to preserving ecosystems. Issues include illegal logging, with resulting deforestation, and a high level of urbanisation, air pollution, garbage management and waste water services also contributing to the forest deterioration. The widespread deforestation and other environmental destruction in Indonesia has often been described by academics as an ecocide.
Origin of Indonesian fauna
The origin of fauna in Indonesia was determined by geographical and geological events on the Asian continental landmass and the Australasian continental landmass (now Australia). The island of New Guinea is connected with the present Australian continent, formerly as part of the southern supercontinent Gondwana.
This supercontinent began to break up 140 million yea |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting%20%28sediment%29 | Sorting describes the distribution of grain size of sediments, either in unconsolidated deposits or in sedimentary rocks. This should not be confused with crystallite size, which refers to the individual size of a crystal in a solid. Crystallite is the building block of a grain. Very poorly sorted indicates that the sediment sizes are mixed (large variance); whereas well sorted indicates that the sediment sizes are similar (low variance).
The terms describing sorting in sediments – very poorly sorted, poorly sorted, moderately sorted, well sorted, very well sorted – have technical definitions and semi-quantitatively describe the amount of variance seen in particle sizes. See for details. In the field, sedimentologists use graphical charts to accurately describe the sorting of a sediment using one of these terms.
The degree of sorting may also indicate the energy, rate, and/or duration of deposition, as well as the transport process (river, debris flow, wind, glacier, etc.) responsible for laying down the sediment. Sorting of sediments can also be affected by reworking of the material after deposition, for instance, by winnowing.
Rocks derived from well sorted sediments are commonly both porous and permeable, while poorly sorted rocks have low porosity and low permeability, particularly when fine grained.
See also
Graded bedding
Rounding
Porosity
Soil texture
Sediment transport
References
Sedimentary rocks |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsurface%20lithoautotrophic%20microbial%20ecosystem | Subsurface lithoautotrophic microbial ecosystems, or "SLIMEs" (also abbreviated "SLMEs" or "SLiMEs"), are a type of endolithic ecosystems. They are defined by Edward O. Wilson as "unique assemblages of bacteria and fungi that occupy pores in the interlocking mineral grains of igneous rock beneath Earth's surface."
Endolithic systems are still at an early stage of exploration. In some cases its biota can support simple invertebrates, most organisms are unicellular. Near-surface layers of rock may contain blue-green algae but most energy comes from chemical synthesis of minerals. The limited supply of energy limits the rates of growth and reproduction. In deeper rock layers microbes are exposed to high pressures and temperatures.
References
Further reading
Biodiversity
Systems ecology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheryl%20Womack | Verna Cheryl Womack (born December 31, 1950) is an entrepreneur who founded Kansas City, Missouri-based VCW and National Association of Independent Truckers, Inc. which became a $100 million a year business selling insurance to independent truckers before selling the companies to private equity investors Clayton, Dubilier & Rice. She become a major philanthropist in the Kansas City area. Among her donations was $2 million to the University of Kansas to build Arrocha Ballpark which is named for her father Demostenes Arrocha.
Early life
Womack was born in Kansas City, Kansas. She was the third of 11 children to her Panama-immigrant father and American mother. She attended Wyandotte High School and received a bachelor in education from the University of Kansas in 1975. Following graduation she taught elementary school for a year and worked at a trucking insurance company.
After failing to be promoted, she started the National Association of Independent Truckers in the basement of her home in 1981. She started the National Association of Independent Truckers to fill a niche need for the independent contractors. Truckers who paid a membership got discounts on various products. In 1983 and more lucratively she created VCW to sell customized insurance policies to truckers. "I listened to what the independent truckers complained about, and I solved their problems," she said. "I created something and said, 'Here's what you asked for.'
Sale to SIRVA
By the time she sold the compani |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-carrier%20FDMA | Single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) is a frequency-division multiple access scheme. Originally known as Carrier Interferometry, it is also called linearly precoded OFDMA (LP-OFDMA). Like other multiple access schemes (TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, OFDMA), it deals with the assignment of multiple users to a shared communication resource. SC-FDMA can be interpreted as a linearly precoded OFDMA scheme, in the sense that it has an additional DFT processing step preceding the conventional OFDMA processing.
SC-FDMA has drawn great attention as an attractive alternative to OFDMA, especially in the uplink communications where lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) greatly benefits the mobile terminal in terms of transmit power efficiency and reduced cost of the power amplifier. It has been adopted as the uplink multiple access scheme in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), or Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA).
The performance of SC-FDMA in relation to OFDMA has been the subject of various studies. Although the performance gap is small, SC-FDMA's advantage of low PAPR makes it desirable for uplink wireless transmission in mobile communication systems, where transmitter power efficiency is of paramount importance.
Transmitter and receiver structure
The transmission processing of SC-FDMA is very similar to that of OFDMA. For each user, the sequence of bits transmitted is mapped to a complex constellation of symbols (BPSK, QPSK, or M-QAM). Then different transmitters (users) are assigned different Fourier coefficie |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix%20Georges-%C3%89mile-Lapalme | The Prix Georges-Émile-Lapalme is an award by the Government of Quebec that is part of the Prix du Québec, given to individuals who have made an outstanding contribution to the quality and diffusion of the French language written or spoken in Québec. The activities recognized for this award are culture, communications, education, administration, research, labour, commerce and business. It is named in honour of Georges-Émile Lapalme.
Winners
References
Award winners
Language-related awards
Georges-Emile-Lapalme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edna%20Parker | Edna Ruth Parker ( Scott) (April 20, 1893 – November 26, 2008) was an American supercentenarian who, for 15 months, was recognized as the oldest person in the world. She was featured in two documentaries and included in a Boston University DNA database of supercentenarians.
Biography
Edna Ruth Parker was born on April 20, 1893, on a farm in Morgan County, Indiana, and raised eating a typical farm diet of meat and starch. She attended Franklin Senior High School, then took classes at Franklin College to obtain a teaching certificate. Parker taught at a two-room schoolhouse in Smithland for a few years, until she married her next door neighbor, Earl Parker, on April 12, 1913. Earl died on February 23, 1939. They had two sons, Clifford and Earl Jr., both of whom she outlived. Her two sisters predeceased her, one dying aged 99 and the other at 88. At the time of her death, Parker had five grandchildren, thirteen great-grandchildren and thirteen great-great-grandchildren.
Parker lived alone on a farm from the age of 45, when her husband died, until 1993, aged 100 when, still in very strong health, she lived briefly with her son Clifford, before moving to a nursing home at Heritage House Convalescent Center, a retirement community in Shelbyville, Indiana. Until her death, Parker read the newspaper every day and enjoyed reading and reciting poetry, especially the works of James Whitcomb Riley, and according to family liked to quote his poetry to visitors.
Final years
While Park |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptophyceae | The cryptophyceae are a class of algae, most of which have plastids. About 220 species are known, and they are common in freshwater, and also occur in marine and brackish habitats. Each cell is around 10–50 μm in size and flattened in shape, with an anterior groove or pocket. At the edge of the pocket there are typically two slightly unequal flagella.
Some exhibit mixotrophy.
Characteristics
Cryptophytes are distinguished by the presence of characteristic extrusomes called ejectosomes or ejectisomes, which consist of two connected spiral ribbons held under tension. If the cells are irritated either by mechanical, chemical or light stress, they discharge, propelling the cell in a zig-zag course away from the disturbance. Large ejectosomes, visible under the light microscope, are associated with the pocket; smaller ones occur underneath the periplast, the cryptophyte-specific cell surrounding.
Except for Chilomonas, which has leucoplasts, cryptophytes have one or two chloroplasts. These contain chlorophylls a and c, together with phycobiliproteins and other pigments, and vary in color (brown, red to blueish-green). Each is surrounded by four membranes, and there is a reduced cell nucleus called a nucleomorph between the middle two. This indicates that the plastid was derived from a eukaryotic symbiont, shown by genetic studies to have been a red alga. However, the plastids are very different from red algal plastids: phycobiliproteins are present but only in the thylakoid lu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OJD%20Morocco | OJD Morocco (Acronym for French Organisme de Justification de la Diffusion) is an audit bureau of circulations of the commercial print media in Morocco.
As of October 2009, OJD Morocco is NOT one of the 38 members of the International Federation of Audit Bureaux of Circulations. However, it is directly affiliated to OJD France. For a current list of members of the IFABC, see www.ifabc.org
OJD Morocco along with BPA Worldwide (founding member of the IFABC) with its regional headquarters in Dubai, are the firsts of their style in the Arab world and second to South Africa (also not an IFABC member) in the African continent. OJD Morocco was established in 2006. While BPA had been previously serving the region from EMEA HQ in London, in June 2006, it opened a regional HQ in Dubai. BPA Worldwide has been serving the GCC, levant and Arabian peninsula with media audited in the UAE, Oman, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Lebanon. BPA counts more than 100 newspapers and magazines audited as of October 31, 2009.
See also
Audit Bureau of Circulations
List of newspapers in Morocco
List of magazines in Morocco
External links
Official website
Newspapers circulation audit
Organisme de Justification de la Diffusion
Publishing organizations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENV | The ENV (Emission Neutral Vehicle) is an electric motorcycle prototype powered by a hydrogen fuel cell. It was developed by Intelligent Energy, a British company.
Specifications
The vehicle and the fuel cell centre respectively weigh approximately 80 and 20 kilograms. It uses a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell to generate about 8 hp or 6 kilowatts. The Discovery Channel has indicated it can reach approximately 80 km/h and, on a full tank may ride continuously for about 4 hours and travel a distance of 160 kilometres. The motorcycle is a preproduction prototype, which was targeted to sell for approximately $6000.
See also
Hydrogen vehicle
References
External links
Intelligent Energy
Business Week article
Fuel cell motorcycle, The Discovery Channel, reproduced at youtube.com, Oct 11, 2006
Hydrogen motorcycles |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese%20Water%20Torture%20Cell | The Chinese Water Torture Cell is a predicament escape made famous by Hungarian-American magician Harry Houdini. The illusion consists of three parts: first, the magician's feet are locked in stocks; next, he is suspended in mid-air from his ankles with a restraint brace; finally, he is lowered into a glass tank overflowing with water and the restraint is locked to the top of the cell.
History
The original Chinese Water Torture Cell was built in England in 1911. Houdini first performed the escape for an audience of one person as part of a one-act play he called Houdini Upside Down!. This was so he could copyright the new escape (having learned with his Milk Can escape that patents failed to stop imitators). The first public performance was at the Circus Busch in Berlin, Germany, on September 21, 1912. In letters Houdini referred to the effect as "the Upside Down" or "USD". Houdini continued to perform the escape until his death in 1926. Despite two Hollywood movies depicting Houdini dying in the Torture Cell, the escape had nothing to do with his demise.
After Houdini's death, the cell was willed to his brother Theodore Hardeen. Hardeen never performed the cell himself, and despite Houdini's instructions for it to be "burned and destroyed" upon Hardeen's death, his brother gave the cell to Houdini collector Sidney Hollis Radner in the 1940s. The cell remained in Radner's basement until 1971 when it was put on display at The Houdini Magical Hall of Fame in Niagara Falls, Can |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germinoma | A germinoma is a type of germ-cell tumor, which is not differentiated upon examination. It may be benign or malignant.
Cause
Germinomas are thought to originate from an error of development, when certain primordial germ cells fail to migrate properly. Germinomas lack histologic differentiation, whereas nongerminomatous germ-cell tumors display a variety of differentiation. Like other germ-cell tumors, germinomas can undergo malignant transformation.
Histology
The tumor is uniform in appearance, consisting of large, round cells with vesicular nuclei and clear or finely granular cytoplasm that is eosinophilic. On gross examination, the external surface is smooth and bosselated (knobby), and the interior is soft, fleshy, and either cream-coloured, gray, pink, or tan. Microscopic examination typically reveals uniform cells that resemble primordial germ cells. Typically, the stroma contains lymphocytes, and about 20% of patients have sarcoid-like granulomas.
Diagnosis
Metastasis has been noted in about 22% of cases at time of diagnosis. Males are roughly twice as commonly affected in developing germinomas. They are most commonly diagnosed between the ages of 10 and 21.
Often, serum and spinal fluid tumor markers of alpha-fetoprotein and beta-HCG are tested. Pure germinomas are not associated with these markers. Nongerminomatous germ-cell tumors may be associated with increased markers such as alpha-fetoprotein with yolk sac tumors, as well as embryonic cell carcinomas and i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Dinitz | Jeffrey Howard Dinitz (born 1952) is an American mathematician who taught combinatorics at the University of Vermont. He is best known for proposing the Dinitz conjecture, which became a major theorem.
Early life and education
Dinitz was born in 1952 in Brooklyn, New York City, New York.
XFL scheduling
Dinitz is also well known for scheduling the first season of the now-defunct XFL football league. He and a colleague from the Czech Republic, Dalibor Froncek, offered the then-brand-new XFL league their expertise to draft complicated schedules.
The XFL administration quickly agreed, which "surprised" Dinitz greatly. After some time on the computer, Dinitz and Froncek sent the XFL a draft schedule, and the new league gratefully accepted. Although the XFL folded after only one season, Dinitz was happy that "(he and Froncek) got to go to the championship game in Los Angeles".
Personal life
Dinitz is married to Susan Dinitz and has three children, Mike, Amy, and Tom.
Bibliography
Handbook of Combinatorial Designs, Second Edition by Charles J. Colbourn and Jeffrey H. Dinitz, 2006
CRC Handbook of Combinatorial Designs by Charles J. Colbourn and Jeffrey H. Dinitz, 1996
Contemporary Design Theory: A Collection of Surveys by Jeffrey H. Dinitz and Douglas R. Stinson, 1992
References
External links
Home Page at University of Vermont
Copy of New York Times article
1952 births
Living people
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Ohio Sta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20States | David J. States is an American biophysicist who is Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Michigan. His research group is using computational methods to understand the human genome and how it relates to the human proteome. He is the Director of the Michigan NIH Bioinformatics Training Progra] and a Senior Scientist in the National Center for Integrative Biomedical Informatics.
Early life and education
States earned his B.A. ('75), M.D. ('83) and Ph.D. ('83) degrees at Harvard University.
Career
He was a Staff Scientist at the National Magnet Laboratory at MIT and a resident in internal medicine at UCSD Medical Center. He then moved to the NIH as a Clinical Associate and Senior Staff Fellow where he joined the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). While at NCBI, he and Warren Gish enhanced BLAST, one of the most widely used programs in bioinformatics [4]. In 1992, States was recruited to Washington University as Director of the Institute for Biomedical Computing, and in 2001, he moved to the University of Michigan to establish the University of Michigan Bioinformatics Program. He was a member of the founding Board of Directors and Treasurer of the International Society for Computational Biology and Chair of the 2005 Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology Conferences.
States is also known for his work in nuclear magnetic resonance where he developed pure absorption phase multi-dimensional spectroscopy, a technique now widely used in protein |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analbuminaemia | Analbuminaemia or analbuminemia is a rare genetically inherited metabolic defect characterised by an impaired synthesis of serum albumin. Although albumin is the most common serum protein, analbuminaemia is a benign condition.
Signs and symptoms
Analbuminaemia often presents in adulthood, with benign clinical features, such as mild oedema, low blood pressure and fatigue. Some patients may develop more serious symptoms such as lower body lipodystrophy. Severe hypercholesterolemia with increased serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration and increased esterified cholesterol are often observed. Free fatty acids and raised apolipoprotein B may occur as well as increased serum high-density lipoprotein-3 and apolipoprotein A-I and A-II levels.
References
External links
Inborn errors of metabolism
Albumin disorders |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMRS | PMRS is an acronym that may refer to:
Palestinian Medical Relief Society, a community based Arab health organization, that offers grassroots medical services in the West Bank
Plasma membrane redox system |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalanger%20%28compiler%29 | Phalanger is a compiler front end for compiling PHP source code into CIL byte-code, which can be further processed by the .NET Framework's just-in-time compiler. The project was started at Charles University and is supported by Microsoft. Phalanger was discontinued in favor of the more modern PeachPie compiler, which utilizes the Roslyn API.
Compatibility
Phalanger can run real-world PHP applications, many with minor to no modifications. Examples include WordPress, phpMyAdmin and phpBB.
Performance
One of the main goals of the project is to improve performance of PHP applications. The project web page claims considerable performance benefits over a 32-bit Windows version of PHP.
There was a project at Charles University to re-implement the Phalanger core using the Microsoft Dynamic Language Runtime (DLR), and to develop a Visual Studio integration tool to provide IntelliSense for the PHP language.
Though some features from DLR would slow down the performance of Phalanger, they do claim performance gains by a factor of 6. These features are being integrated into current Phalanger core.
Google Summer of Code
A project involving Phalanger was mentored by the Mono team during the Google Summer of Code program in 2008. During this period Phalanger was ported to the Silverlight 2.0 framework with the goal of making it work on Moonlight as well.
Jadu sponsorship
Early in 2008, UK Content Management vendor Jadu partnered with the Prague-based team to improve communication betwe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20South%20Sydney%20Rabbitohs%20players | Following are lists of all rugby league footballers who have played first-grade for the South Sydney Rabbitohs Rugby League Football Club.
Players and statistics
Correct as of round 22 of the 2023 NRL season
Club Internationals – Australia
The following players have represented Australia whilst playing for South Sydney.
Tommy Anderson
Jim Armstrong
Alf Blair
Cec Blinkhorn
Ray Branighan
Tim Brasher
Arthur Butler
Billy Cann
Mark Carroll
Clive Churchill
Michael Cleary
Arthur Conlin
Damien Cook
Ron Coote
Les Cowie
Frank Curran
Steve Darmody
Les Davidson
Jim Davis
Denis Donoghue
Terry Fahey
Harry Finch
Bryan Fletcher
Dane Gagai
Herb Gilbert
Campbell Graham
Bob Grant
John Graves
Howard Hallett
Ernie Hammerton
Greg Hawick
Bob Honan
Greg Inglis
Brian James
Alex Johnston
Harry Kadwell
Clem Kennedy
John Kerwick
Jack Leveson
Eric Lewis
Jimmy Lisle
Bob McCarthy
Eddie McGrath
Paddy Maher
Latrell Mitchell
Ian Moir
Cameron Murray
Ray Norman
Alf O'Connor
Frank O'Connor
John O'Neill
Arthur Oxford
George Piggins
Denis Pittard
Bernie Purcell
Jack Rayner
Eddie Root
John Rosewell
Paul Sait
John Sattler
Eric Simms
Bill Spence
Gary Stevens
David Taylor
George Treweek
Dylan Walker
Elwyn Walters
Benny Wearing
Jack Why
Percy Williams
Note that Jim Morgan was selected as a reserve for Australia whilst as a player for South Sydney but did not actually take the field in the representative match.
Represented Australia before or a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIM/TOM%20complex | The TIM/TOM complex is a protein complex in cellular biochemistry which translocates proteins produced from nuclear DNA through the mitochondrial membrane for use in oxidative phosphorylation. In enzymology, the complex is described as an mitochondrial protein-transporting ATPase (), or more systematically ATP phosphohydrolase (mitochondrial protein-importing), as the TIM part requires ATP hydrolysis to work.
Only 13 proteins necessary for a mitochondrion are actually coded in mitochondrial DNA. The vast majority of proteins destined for the mitochondria are encoded in the nucleus and synthesised in the cytoplasm. These are tagged by an N-terminal or/and a C-terminal signal sequence. Following transport through the cytosol from the nucleus, the signal sequence is recognized by a receptor protein in the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex. The signal sequence and adjacent portions of the polypeptide chain are inserted in the TOM complex, then begin interaction with a translocase of the inner membrane (TIM) complex, which are hypothesized to be transiently linked at sites of close contact between the two membranes. The signal sequence is then translocated into the matrix in a process that requires an electrochemical hydrogen ion gradient across the inner membrane. Mitochondrial Hsp70 binds to regions of the polypeptide chain and maintains it in an unfolded state as it moves into the matrix.
The ATPase domain is essential during the interactions of the protein |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytohet | In genetics, a cytohet (or heteroplasmon) is a eukaryotic cell whose non-nuclear genome is heterozygous.
The non-nucleic genome of eukaryotic cells exists in cytoplasmic organelles, namely the chloroplasts (only in plant cells) and the mitochondria (in all eukaryotic cells).
Most of the genes in the mitochondria code for respiration-related proteins, and most of the genes in the chloroplasts code for photosynthesis-related proteins. The cytoplasmic genome, in contrast with the nucleic genome, exists in many copies in each cell: each cell contains numerous mitochondria and/or chloroplasts, and each such organelle contains multiple copies of its chromosome.
Mutations in the cytoplasmic genome occur spontaneously and at a much higher rate than in the nucleus, since the mitochondria and chloroplasts are exposed to high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS, by-products of respiration and photosynthesis). Mitochondria and chloroplasts with mutant genes have the ability to cause wildtype alleles in other mitochondria and chloroplasts to become mutant as well; the way in which this is done is still not clear. A certain cell in which a mutant gene exists only in some of the organelles, whereas the wildtype allele exists in the rest, is a cytohet (or heteroplasmon).
External links
http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195307610.001.0001/acref-9780195307610-e-1540
Mitochondrial genetics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup%20C-M217 | Haplogroup C-M217, also known as C2 (and previously as C3), is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is the most frequently occurring branch of the wider Haplogroup C (M130). It is found mostly in Central Asia, Eastern Siberia and significant frequencies in parts of East Asia and Southeast Asia including some populations in the Caucasus, Middle East, South Asia, East Europe. It is found in a much more widespread areas with a low frequency of less than 2%.
The haplogroup C-M217 is now found at high frequencies among Central Asian peoples, indigenous Siberians, and some Native peoples of North America. In particular, males belonging to peoples such as the Buryats, Evens, Evenks, Itelmens, Kalmyks, Kazakhs, Koryaks, Mongolians, Negidals, Nivkhs, Udege, and Ulchi have high levels of M217.
One particular haplotype within Haplogroup C2-M217 has received a great deal of attention, because of the possibility that it may represent direct patrilineal descent from Genghis Khan, though that hypothesis is controversial. According to the recent result, C2's subgroups are divided into C2b and C2e, and in Mongolia, most belong to C2b(Genghis Khan modal), while very few are C2e. On the other hand, C2b takes minority and most are C2e in Japan and Korea and Southern East Asia. The specific subclade Haplogroup C3b2b1*-M401(xF5483) of the broader C-M48 subclade, which has been identified as a possible marker of the Manchu Aisin Gioro and has been found in ten different ethnic minorities in northern |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesamol | Sesamol is a natural organic compound which is a component of sesame seeds and sesame oil, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidepressant and neuroprotective properties. It is a white crystalline solid that is a derivative of phenol. It is sparingly soluble in water, but miscible with most oils. It can be produced by organic synthesis from heliotropine.
Sesamol has been found to be an antioxidant that may prevent the spoilage of oils. It also may prevent the spoilage of oils by acting as an antifungal. It can be used in the synthesis of paroxetine.
Sesamol's molecular targets and mechanism of action, at least for its antidepressant-like effects, is found to be through the brain nerve growth factor (NGF) and endocannabinoid signalling under the regulatory drive of the CB1 receptors.
Alexander Shulgin used sesamol in his book PiHKAL to make MMDA-2.
See also
Sesamin and sesamolin, two lignans found in sesame oil
References
Natural phenols
Phenol antioxidants
Benzodioxoles
Sesame |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPXZ-FM | WPXZ-FM is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, known as the "Weather Capital of the World". The station operates at a federally assigned frequency of 104.1 MHz and an effective radiated power of 3,000 watts. WPXZ, and its co-located sister stations, WECZ and WKQL, are all owned by Pittsburgh-based Renda Broadcasting Corporation.
WPME-FM Punxsutawney, a "shadow" of its AM sister
Signing on at 105.5 MHz, WPXZ originated in December 1973 as WPME-FM, simulcasting with its then same-named daytime-only AM sister station, known today as WECZ. The stations were owned by the Punxsutawney Broadcasting Company, headed by Clearfield County native and Punxsutawney resident Charles M. "Charlie" Erhard Jr. (April 30, 1928 - July 12, 2004), who sold the stations to its present owner in 1981.
That year, the station pair would both be rebranded as WPXZ-AM-FM, continuing with simulcasting until 1989, when management finally began separate broadcasts. Seeing the FM station as the driving force of the two, the AM station would be rebranded under the WECZ call sign.
While WECZ would adopt a format featuring big band, swing, and other types of nostalgia music aimed at an older demographic and branded as "Easy 1540," WPXZ-FM continued operating under an adult contemporary format, albeit with a full-service mindset. In addition to its music, the station's programming featured hourly national news from ABC News Radio, high school sports, Pittsburgh Pirates baseba |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet%20Sequel | The Chevrolet Sequel is a purpose-built hydrogen fuel cell-powered concept car and sport utility vehicle from Chevrolet, employing the then latest generation of General Motors' fuel cell technology.
The Sequel's powertrain includes an electronic control unit and a fourth-generation version of GM's fuel-cell stack. The Sequel became the basis for the design of the gas-powered Chevrolet Traverse, which was the replacement for the Uplander minivan.
Characteristics
The Sequel's fuel-cell stack has a rated power output of , supplemented by a lithium-ion battery pack rated at . One electric motor drives the front wheels, and individual wheel-motors (outboard of the rear brakes) drive each rear wheel, providing total tractive power of .
The Sequel stores of gaseous hydrogen in three cylindrical, carbon-composite fuel tanks, pressurized to and mounted longitudinally beneath the cabin floor. As a result, the range of the vehicle is more than .
The Sequel is just short of five metres long (4,994 mm, 196.1 in.), on a similarly long (3,040 mm, 119.7 in.) wheelbase in order to accommodate the extremely long fuel tanks.
Possible production
GM made no commitment to building the Sequel. However, GM vice-chairman Bob Lutz has said he would push the company's strategy board to approve full production of a fuel-cell vehicle by 2011 model year. Due to the extremely high cost of fuel cells, GM opted to instead build several hydrogen-powered Chevrolet Equinox-based vehicles as testbeds. I |
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