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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minkowski%E2%80%93Steiner%20formula | In mathematics, the Minkowski–Steiner formula is a formula relating the surface area and volume of compact subsets of Euclidean space. More precisely, it defines the surface area as the "derivative" of enclosed volume in an appropriate sense.
The Minkowski–Steiner formula is used, together with the Brunn–Minkowski theorem, to prove the isoperimetric inequality. It is named after Hermann Minkowski and Jakob Steiner.
Statement of the Minkowski-Steiner formula
Let , and let be a compact set. Let denote the Lebesgue measure (volume) of . Define the quantity by the Minkowski–Steiner formula
where
denotes the closed ball of radius , and
is the Minkowski sum of and , so that
Remarks
Surface measure
For "sufficiently regular" sets , the quantity does indeed correspond with the -dimensional measure of the boundary of . See Federer (1969) for a full treatment of this problem.
Convex sets
When the set is a convex set, the lim-inf above is a true limit, and one can show that
where the are some continuous functions of (see quermassintegrals) and denotes the measure (volume) of the unit ball in :
where denotes the Gamma function.
Example: volume and surface area of a ball
Taking gives the following well-known formula for the surface area of the sphere of radius , :
where is as above.
References
Calculus of variations
Geometry
Hermann Minkowski
Measure theory
Theorems in measure theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunn%E2%80%93Minkowski%20theorem | In mathematics, the Brunn–Minkowski theorem (or Brunn–Minkowski inequality) is an inequality relating the volumes (or more generally Lebesgue measures) of compact subsets of Euclidean space. The original version of the Brunn–Minkowski theorem (Hermann Brunn 1887; Hermann Minkowski 1896) applied to convex sets; the generalization to compact nonconvex sets stated here is due to Lazar Lyusternik (1935).
Statement
Let n ≥ 1 and let μ denote the Lebesgue measure on Rn. Let A and B be two nonempty compact subsets of Rn. Then the following inequality holds:
where A + B denotes the Minkowski sum:
The theorem is also true in the setting where are only assumed to be measurable and non-empty.
Multiplicative version
The multiplicative form of Brunn–Minkowski inequality states that for all .
The Brunn–Minkowski inequality is equivalent to the multiplicative version.
In one direction, use the inequality (exponential is convex), which holds for . In particular, .
Conversely, using the multiplicative form, we find
The right side is maximized at , which gives
.
The Prékopa–Leindler inequality is a functional generalization of this version of Brunn–Minkowski.
On the hypothesis
Measurability
It is possible for to be Lebesgue measurable and to not be; a counter example can be found in "Measure zero sets with non-measurable sum." On the other hand, if are Borel measurable, then is the continuous image of the Borel set , so analytic and thus measurable. See the discussion i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal%20robot | A personal robot is one whose human interface and design make it useful for individuals. This is by contrast to industrial robots which are generally configured and operated by robotics specialists. A personal robot is one that enables an individual to automate the repetitive or menial part of home or work life making them more productive.
Similar to the way that the transition from mainframe computers to the personal computers revolutionized personal productivity, the transition from industrial robotics to personal robotics is changing productivity in home and work settings.
Turning a robot like ASIMO or Atlas into a universally applicable personal robot or artificial servant is mainly a
programming task. As of today vast improvements in motion planning, computer vision (esp. scene recognition), natural language processing, and automated reasoning are indispensable to make this a possibility.
History
iRobot Corp. introduced the Roomba in 2002
The Institute for Personal Robots in Education introduced the concept to teach computing using personal robots in 2006.
Stanford University Personal Robotics Program introduced PR1 in 2007.
Willow Garage introduced the PR2 robot in 2010.
RoboDynamics introduced Luna in 2011.
Milagrow HumanTech introduced India's 1st Robotic vacuum cleaner, the RedHawk in 2011 and then the World's 1st Body Massaging Robot in 2012.
Toys
Robotic toys, such as the well known Furby, have been popular since 1998. There are also small humanoid re |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper%20Caste | Upper caste may be a relative or an absolute term. It may refer to:
A caste other than a scheduled caste.
Ritual status in the Varna system, generally referring to the twice-born (dvija) varnas
Other Backward Class castes are considered upper caste than Dalits.
Forward castes in the context of politics and reservation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor%20Neurone%20Disease%20Association | The Motor Neurone Disease Association (MND Association) focuses on improving access to care, research and campaigning for those people living with or affected by motor neurone disease (MND) in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. MND is also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or, in the United States, Lou Gehrig's disease.
The Association is the only national charity in England, Wales and Northern Ireland that funds and promotes global research into the disease and provides support for people affected by MND.
Activities
Research
The MND Association funds and promotes research to understand what causes MND, how to diagnose it and, most importantly, how to effectively treat it so that it no longer devastates lives. It does this by:
Funding research
Coordinating research through conferences and symposia
The Association organises the International Symposium on ALS/MND, an annual event which brings together leading international researchers and health and social care professionals to present and debate innovations in their fields.
The Association funds research that includes animal testing.
Care and information
Provide information to patients and carers
Provide care through a network of branches and regional care advisers
Fundraising
Fundraising and income generating activities
The Association has 90 volunteer branches and groups across England, Wales and Northern Ireland, that assist with regional fundraising activities
The Association benefits from l |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta%20wavelet | Continuous wavelets of compact support alpha can be built, which are related to the beta distribution. The process is derived from probability distributions using blur derivative. These new wavelets have just one cycle, so they are termed unicycle wavelets. They can be viewed as a soft variety of Haar wavelets whose shape is fine-tuned by two parameters and . Closed-form expressions for beta wavelets and scale functions as well as their spectra are derived. Their importance is due to the Central Limit Theorem by Gnedenko and Kolmogorov applied for compactly supported signals.
Beta distribution
The beta distribution is a continuous probability distribution defined over the interval . It is characterised by a couple of parameters, namely and according to:
.
The normalising factor is ,
where is the generalised factorial function of Euler and is the Beta function.
Gnedenko-Kolmogorov central limit theorem revisited
Let be a probability density of the random variable , i.e.
, and .
Suppose that all variables are independent.
The mean and the variance of a given random variable are, respectively
.
The mean and variance of are therefore and .
The density of the random variable corresponding to the sum is given by the
Central Limit Theorem for distributions of compact support (Gnedenko and Kolmogorov).
Let be distributions such that .
Let , and .
Without loss of generality assume that and .
The random variable holds, as ,
where and
Bet |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jung%27s%20theorem | In geometry, Jung's theorem is an inequality between the diameter of a set of points in any Euclidean space and the radius of the minimum enclosing ball of that set. It is named after Heinrich Jung, who first studied this inequality in 1901. Algorithms also exist to solve the smallest-circle problem explicitly.
Statement
Consider a compact set
and let
be the diameter of K, that is, the largest Euclidean distance between any two of its points. Jung's theorem states that there exists a closed ball with radius
that contains K. The boundary case of equality is attained by the regular n-simplex.
Jung's theorem in the plane
The most common case of Jung's theorem is in the plane, that is, when n = 2. In this case the theorem states that there exists a circle enclosing all points whose radius satisfies
and this bound is as tight as possible since when K is an equilateral triangle (or its three vertices) one has
General metric spaces
For any bounded set in any metric space, . The first inequality is implied by the triangle inequality for the center of the ball and the two diametral points, and the second inequality follows since a ball of radius centered at any point of will contain all of . Both these inequalities are tight:
In a uniform metric space, that is, a space in which all distances are equal, .
At the other end of the spectrum, in an injective metric space such as the Manhattan distance in the plane, : any two closed balls of radius centered at points of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorna%20Simpson | Lorna Simpson (born August 13, 1960) is an American photographer and multimedia artist whose works have been exhibited both nationally and internationally. In 1990, she became the first African-American woman to exhibit at the Venice Biennale. She came to prominence in the 1980s and 1990s with photo-text installations such as Guarded Conditions and Square Deal that questioned the nature of identity, gender, race, history and representation. Simpson continues to explore these themes in relation to memory and history using photography, film, video, painting, drawing, audio, and sculpture.
Early life
Lorna Simpson was born on August 13, 1960, and grew up in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. Her parents, a Jamaican-Cuban father and African-American mother, took her to numerous plays, museums, concerts and dance performances as a child. Simpson attended the High School of Art and Design and took courses at the Art Institute of Chicago in summer while visiting her grandmother.
Education
Prior to receiving her BFA, Simpson traveled Europe, Africa, and the United States further developing her skills through documentary photography. Simpson attended the School of Visual Arts in New York City and received a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Painting in 1982. During that time, she interned at the Studio Museum in Harlem, acquainting herself with the practice of artist in residence David Hammons.
Simpson earned her Master of Fine Arts degree from the University of Californi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindstr%C3%B6m%27s%20theorem | In mathematical logic, Lindström's theorem (named after Swedish logician Per Lindström, who published it in 1969) states that first-order logic is the strongest logic (satisfying certain conditions, e.g. closure under classical negation) having both the (countable) compactness property and the (downward) Löwenheim–Skolem property.
Lindström's theorem is perhaps the best known result of what later became known as abstract model theory, the basic notion of which is an abstract logic; the more general notion of an institution was later introduced, which advances from a set-theoretical notion of model to a category-theoretical one. Lindström had previously obtained a similar result in studying first-order logics extended with Lindström quantifiers.
Lindström's theorem has been extended to various other systems of logic, in particular modal logics by Johan van Benthem and Sebastian Enqvist.
Notes
References
Per Lindström, "On Extensions of Elementary Logic", Theoria 35, 1969, 1–11.
Johan van Benthem, "A New Modal Lindström Theorem", Logica Universalis 1, 2007, 125–128.
Sebastian Enqvist, "A General Lindström Theorem for Some Normal Modal Logics", Logica Universalis 7, 2013, 233–264.
Shawn Hedman, A first course in logic: an introduction to model theory, proof theory, computability, and complexity, Oxford University Press, 2004, , section 9.4
Mathematical logic
Theorems in the foundations of mathematics
Metatheorems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamical%20time%20scale | In time standards, dynamical time is the independent variable of the equations of celestial mechanics. This is in contrast to time scales such as mean solar time which are based on how far the earth has turned. Since Earth's rotation is not constant, using a time scale based on it for calculating the positions of heavenly objects gives errors. Dynamical time can be inferred from the observed position of an astronomical object via a theory of its motion. A first application of this concept of dynamical time was the definition of the ephemeris time scale (ET).
In the late 19th century it was suspected, and in the early 20th century it was established, that the rotation of the Earth (i.e. the length of the day) was both irregular on short time scales, and was slowing down on longer time scales. The suggestion was made, that observation of the position of the Moon, Sun and planets and comparison of the observations with their gravitational ephemerides would be a better way to determine a uniform time scale. A detailed proposal of this kind was published in 1948 and adopted by the IAU in 1952 (see Ephemeris time - history).
Using data from Newcomb's Tables of the Sun (based on the theory of the apparent motion of the Sun by Simon Newcomb, 1895, as retrospectively used in the definition of ephemeris time), the SI second was defined in 1960 as:
the fraction 1/31,556,925.9747 of the tropical year for 1900 January 0 at 12 hours ephemeris time.
Caesium atomic clocks became opera |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAYA-II | MAYA-II (Molecular Array of YES and ANDNOT logic gates) is a DNA computer, based on DNA Stem Loop Controllers, developed by scientists at Columbia University and the University of New Mexico and created in 2006.
Replacing the normally silicon-based circuits, this chip has DNA strands to form the circuit. It is said that the speed of such DNA-circuited computer chips will rival and surpass the silicon-based ones, they will be of use in blood samples and in the body and might partake in single cell signaling.
It is the successor to the MAYA I which was composed of only 23 logic gates and could only complete specific games of tic-tac-toe. MAYA-II has more than 100 DNA circuits and can now thoroughly play a game of tic-tac-toe. It is very slow - one move in a game of tic-tac-toe can take up to 30 minutes making it more of a demonstration than an actual application.
The arrangement of this device looks like that of a tic-tac-toe grid and consists of nine wells coated with culture cells. The logic gates are made of the E6 Deoxyribozymes (or DNAzyme) which react to specific oligonucleotide input. Upon reaction, the DNAzyme cleaves the substrate producing an increase in red or green fluorescence, depending on whether it is the computer's or the human's turn respectively.
This technology was used to deepen the quality of diagnostics given to patients infected with the West Nile virus. Joanne Macdonald, a Columbia University virologist, hopes this device can be implanted in the h |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike%20protein | In virology, a spike protein or peplomer protein is a protein that forms a large structure known as a spike or peplomer projecting from the surface of an enveloped virus. The proteins are usually glycoproteins that form dimers or trimers.
History and etymology
The term "peplomer" refers to an individual spike from the viral surface; collectively the layer of material at the outer surface of the virion has been referred to as the "peplos". The term is derived from the Greek peplos, "a loose outer garment", "robe or cloak", or "woman['s] mantle". Early systems of viral taxonomy, such as the Lwoff-Horne-Tournier system proposed in the 1960s, used the appearance and morphology of the "peplos" and peplomers as important characteristics for classification. More recently, the term "peplos" is considered a synonym for viral envelope.
Properties
Spikes or peplomers are usually rod- or club-shaped projections from the viral surface. Spike proteins are membrane proteins with typically large external ectodomains, a single transmembrane domain that anchors the protein in the viral envelope, and a short tail in the interior of the virion. They may also form protein–protein interactions with other viral proteins, such as those forming the nucleocapsid. They are usually glycoproteins, more commonly via N-linked than O-linked glycosylation.
Functions
Spikes typically have a role in viral entry. They may interact with cell-surface receptors located on the host cell and may have hemagglutin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binod%20Bihari%20Verma | Binod Bihari Verma (1937–2003) was a Maithili writer and military doctor. He is known for Maithili Karna Kayasthak Panjik Sarvekshan, his work on ancient genealogical charts known as Panjis, as well as his depiction of rural poor of the Mithila region. He worked as a medical officer in the Indian Army, as a lecturer in a Dental College, and as a private medical practitioner. He simultaneously carried on his literary career via independent publishing and in the magazines Mithila Mihir and Karnamrit.
Early life and education
Binod Bihari Vema was born in Baur, Darbhanga district, Bihar on 3 December 1937 to Rameshwar Lal Das and Yogmaya Devi. Verma attended primary school in the village of Rasiyari. He travelled with his father and uncle as they campaigned in favour of Mahatma Gandhi's ideas in the remote tribal areas of Chaibasa, Ranchi, and Singhbhum in South Bihar.
Verma's education continued at the District School in Chaibasa, the missionary school of St. John's at Ranchi, and at Langat Singh College in Muzaffarpur. He subsequently attended the Darbhanga Medical College, graduating in 1962.
Military service
In 1962, during the Sino-Indian War, Verma joined the Indian Army. He was commissioned into the Army Medical Corps in 1963 and served in areas including Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Punjab, Assam and Goa.
Verma fought in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, and in 1984 took a permanent commission in the army. He was involved in Operation Bluestar in 1984 and the IPKF operati |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau%20Ph%C3%A9lan%20S%C3%A9gur | Château Phélan Ségur lies in the commune of Saint-Estèphe in the Bordeaux region of France, neighbouring vineyards Château Calon-Ségur and Château Montrose. In a 2003 Cru Bourgeois classification revision, it was listed as one of 9 Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnels.
A second wine is produced since 1986, under the label Frank Phelan. A more recent venture is a wine titled La Croix Bonis.
History
The Irishman Bernard Phelan (1770–1841) acquired the Domaine Le Clos de Garamey in 1805 and Ségur de Cabarnac in 1810. In Ireland, he was a neighbour and friend of Hugh Barton who established Château Léoville-Barton. By his death in 1841 the estate combined to form Château Ségur de Garamey, which passed on to his son Frank Phelan, 30 years a mayor of Saint-Estèphe. The property was sold in July 1919 to Joseph Chayoux, President of Champagne Chamber of Commerce, whom further developed the brand until before the First World War when the property was sold for large fortune on 1928 to a city consortium headed by his nephew René Chayoux, before the financial crisis of 1930, upon the death of René the operation was managed by a trust that eventually sold the brand and its facilities.
From 1985 until 2017, the operation was owned by the Gardinier Group of Xavier Gardinier, with sons Thierry, Stéphane and Laurent. Michel Rolland is employed as a consulting enologist.
In 2017 Belgian Philippe Van de Vyvere, CEO of Sea-Invest, became the new owner.
Production
The vineyard area extends 89 hectares |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brauer%E2%80%93Siegel%20theorem | In mathematics, the Brauer–Siegel theorem, named after Richard Brauer and Carl Ludwig Siegel, is an asymptotic result on the behaviour of algebraic number fields, obtained by Richard Brauer and Carl Ludwig Siegel. It attempts to generalise the results known on the class numbers of imaginary quadratic fields, to a more general sequence of number fields
In all cases other than the rational field Q and imaginary quadratic fields, the regulator Ri of Ki must be taken into account, because Ki then has units of infinite order by Dirichlet's unit theorem. The quantitative hypothesis of the standard Brauer–Siegel theorem is that if Di is the discriminant of Ki, then
Assuming that, and the algebraic hypothesis that Ki is a Galois extension of Q, the conclusion is that
where hi is the class number of Ki. If one assumes that all the degrees are bounded above by a uniform constant
N, then one may drop the assumption of normality - this is what is actually proved in Brauer's paper.
This result is ineffective, as indeed was the result on quadratic fields on which it built. Effective results in the same direction were initiated in work of Harold Stark from the early 1970s.
References
Richard Brauer, On the Zeta-Function of Algebraic Number Fields, American Journal of Mathematics 69 (1947), 243–250.
Analytic number theory
Theorems in algebraic number theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoproteasome | An immunoproteasome is a type of proteasome that degrades ubiquitin-labeled proteins found in the cytoplasm in cells exposed to oxidative stress and proinflammatory stimuli. In general, proteasomes consist of a regulatory and a catalytic part. Immunoproteasomes are induced by interferon gamma (but also by other proinflammatory cytokines) and oxidative stress, which in the cell triggers the transcription of three catalytic subunits that do not occur in the classical proteasome. Another possible variation of proteasome is the thymoproteasome, which is located in the thymus and folds to present peptides to naive T cells.
Structure
Structurally, immunoproteasome is a cylindrical protein complex composed of a catalytic 20S subunit and a 19S regulatory subunit. The catalytic subunit consists of four outer alpha rings and four inner beta rings. In the classical proteasome, the beta (β) 1, β2 and β5 subunits have catalytic activity, which, however, in the immunoproteasome are replaced by the subunits LMP2 (alias β1i), MECL-1 (alias β2i), and LMP7 (alias β5i). The LMP2 protein is composed of 20 amino acids, MECL-1 of 39 amino acids and LMP7 occurs in isoform and therefore can have either 72 or 68 amino acids. The regulatory unit consists of 19 proteins, which are structurally divided into a lid of 9 proteins and a base again of 9 proteins. The RPN10 protein is added to this regulatory complex, which serves to stabilize the structure and as a receptor for ubiquitin.
Function
The fu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20cell | Complex cells can be found in the primary visual cortex (V1), the secondary visual cortex (V2), and Brodmann area 19 (V3).
Like a simple cell, a complex cell will respond primarily to oriented edges and gratings, however it has a degree of spatial invariance. This means that its receptive field cannot be mapped into fixed excitatory and inhibitory zones. Rather, it will respond to patterns of light in a certain orientation within a large receptive field, regardless of the exact location. Some complex cells respond optimally only to movement in a certain direction.
These cells were discovered by Torsten Wiesel and David Hubel in the early 1960s. They refrained from reporting on the complex cells in (Hubel 1959) because they did not feel that they understood them well enough at the time. In Hubel and Wiesel (1962), they reported that complex cells were intermixed with simple cells and when excitatory and inhibitory regions could be established, the summation and mutual antagonism properties didn't hold.
The difference between the receptive fields and the characteristics of simple and complex cells is the hierarchical convergent nature of visual processing. Complex cells receive inputs from a number of simple cells. Their receptive field is therefore a summation and integration of the receptive fields of many input simple cells, although some input is directly received from the LGN. The manner through which simple cells are able to make up complex cells is not fully understo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown%20%28racial%20classification%29 | Brown is a racialized classification of people, usually a political and skin color-based category for specific populations with a light to moderate brown complexion.
In the age of scientific racism
In the 18th and 19th century, European and American writers proposed geographically based "scientific" differences among "the races". Many of these racial models assigned colors to the groups described, and some included a "brown race" as in the following:
In the late 18th century, German anthropologist Johann Blumenbach extended Linnaeus's four-color race model by adding the brown race, "Malay race", which included both the Malay division of Austronesian (Southern-Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, Pattani, Sumatra, Madagascar, Formosans, etc.) and Polynesians and Melanesians of Pacific Islands, as well as Papuans and Aborigines of Australia.
In 1775, "John Hunter of Edinburg included under the label light brown, Southern Europeans, Italians, the Spanish, Persians, Turks and Laplanders, under the label brown."
Jean Baptiste Julien d'Omalius d'Halloy's five-race scheme differed from Blumenbach's by including Ethiopians in the brown race, as well as Oceanic peoples. Louis Figuier adopted and adapted d'Omalius d'Halloy's classification and also included Egyptians in the brown race.
In 1915, Donald Mackenzie conceived a "Mediterranean or Brown race, the eastern branch of which reaches to India and the western to the British Isles... [and includes] pr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didot%20%28typeface%29 | Didot is a group of typefaces. The word/name Didot came from the famous French printing and type producing Didot family. The classification is known as modern, or Didone.
The most famous Didot typefaces were developed in the period 1784–1811. Firmin Didot (1764–1836) cut the letters, and cast them as type in Paris. His brother, Pierre Didot (1760–1853) used the types in printing. His edition of La Henriade by Voltaire in 1818 is considered his masterwork. The typeface takes inspiration from John Baskerville's experimentation with increasing stroke contrast and a more condensed armature. The Didot family's development of a high contrast typeface with an increased stress is contemporary to similar faces developed by Giambattista Bodoni in Italy.
Didot is described as neoclassical, and evocative of the Age of Enlightenment. The Didot family were among the first to set up a printing press in the newly independent Greece, and typefaces in the style of Didot have remained popular in Greek since.
Revivals and digitisations
Several revivals of the Didot faces have been made, first for hot metal typesetting and then for phototype and digital versions.
Digital use of Didot poses challenges. While it can look very elegant due to the regular, rational design and fine strokes, a known effect on readers is 'dazzle', where the thick verticals draw the reader's attention and cause them to struggle to concentrate on the other, much thinner strokes that define which letter is which. For th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLH | HLH may refer to:
Biology and medicine
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a blood disorder
Basic helix–loop–helix, a structural motif in proteins
Hectopsyllidae, a family of parasitic fleas
Places
Haydom Lutheran Hospital, in Manyara Region, Tanzania
Ulanhot Yilelite Airport, in Inner Mongolia, China
Hulan District, in Harbin, China; see List of administrative divisions of Heilongjiang
Merrill (Marriner Wood) Hall, a dorm at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, U.S.; see List of Brigham Young University buildings#Helaman Halls
Other uses
HLH Orion minicomputer, by High Level Hardware Ltd
Harry Lloyd Hopkins (1890–1946), an American statesman; see George Racey Jordan#Congressional testimony
Hillesheimite, a mineral; see List of mineral symbols#H
Hala Air, an airline based in Sudan; see List of airline codes (H)
Heavy-lift helicopter, a type of military helicopter
Haklau Min, a variety of Min Chinese, by proposed ISO 639-3 code |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian%20linear%20regression | Bayesian linear regression is a type of conditional modeling in which the mean of one variable is described by a linear combination of other variables, with the goal of obtaining the posterior probability of the regression coefficients (as well as other parameters describing the distribution of the regressand) and ultimately allowing the out-of-sample prediction of the regressand (often labelled ) conditional on observed values of the regressors (usually ). The simplest and most widely used version of this model is the normal linear model, in which given is distributed Gaussian. In this model, and under a particular choice of prior probabilities for the parameters—so-called conjugate priors—the posterior can be found analytically. With more arbitrarily chosen priors, the posteriors generally have to be approximated.
Model setup
Consider a standard linear regression problem, in which for we specify the mean of the conditional distribution of given a predictor vector :
where is a vector, and the are independent and identically normally distributed random variables:
This corresponds to the following likelihood function:
The ordinary least squares solution is used to estimate the coefficient vector using the Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse:
where is the design matrix, each row of which is a predictor vector ; and is the column -vector .
This is a frequentist approach, and it assumes that there are enough measurements to say something meaningful about . In the Bayesi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic%20black%20hole | A sonic black hole, sometimes called a dumb hole or acoustic black hole, is a phenomenon in which phonons (sound perturbations) are unable to escape from a region of a fluid that is flowing more quickly than the local speed of sound. They are called sonic, or acoustic, black holes because these trapped phonons are analogous to light in astrophysical (gravitational) black holes. Physicists are interested in them because they have many properties similar to astrophysical black holes and, in particular, emit a phononic version of Hawking radiation. This Hawking radiation can be spontaneously created by quantum vacuum fluctuations, in close analogy with Hawking radiation from a real black hole. On the other hand, the Hawking radiation can be stimulated in a classical process. The boundary of a sonic black hole, at which the flow speed changes from being greater than the speed of sound to less than the speed of sound, is called the event horizon.
A rotating sonic black hole was used in 2010 to give the first laboratory testing of superradiance, a process whereby energy is extracted from a black hole.
Sonic black holes are possible because phonons in perfect fluids exhibit the same properties of motion as fields, such as gravity, in space and time. For this reason, a system in which a sonic black hole can be created is called a gravity analogue. Nearly any fluid can be used to create an acoustic event horizon, but the viscosity of most fluids creates random motion that makes feat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Atlas%20launches%20%282000%E2%80%932009%29 |
Notable missions
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
New Horizons
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)
Launch statistics
Rocket configurations
Launch sites
Launch outcomes
Launch history
Photo gallery
References
Atlas |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperScan | The HyperScan is a home video game console from the toy company Mattel. It is unique in that it includes a 13.56 MHz radio-frequency identification (RFID) scanner that reads and writes to the "cards" which, in turn, activate features in and save data from the game. Players are able to enhance the abilities of their characters by scanning cards.
Games retailed for $19.99 and the console itself for $69.99 at launch, but at the end of its very short lifespan, prices of the system were down to $9.99, the games $1.99, and booster packs $0.99. There were only five titles known to have been released, with two canceled games.
Hardware
Sunplus SPG290 SoC implementing the S+core 32-bit microarchitecture designed by Sunplus Technology. The S+core instruction set architecture allows use of a 32/16-bit hybrid instruction mode, features Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) support and includes SJTAG for In-circuit emulation.
UART, I²C, SPI etc.
Composite video output (SoC supports TFT displays, but the system does not implement it)
16 MB SDRAM system RAM
640×480 native resolution
65,535 colors (RGB 565 mode)
1 USB port
RFID scanner (13.56 MHz)
RFID storage: 96 bytes of user memory + 8 bytes unique ID + 6 bytes of one time programmable memory. The HyperScan's RFID systems were provided by Innovision Research and Technology plc, a fabless semiconductor design house based in the UK which specializes in RFID systems and chip design.
The console uses UDF format CD-ROMs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian%20multivariate%20linear%20regression | In statistics, Bayesian multivariate linear regression is a
Bayesian approach to multivariate linear regression, i.e. linear regression where the predicted outcome is a vector of correlated random variables rather than a single scalar random variable. A more general treatment of this approach can be found in the article MMSE estimator.
Details
Consider a regression problem where the dependent variable to be predicted is not a single real-valued scalar but an m-length vector of correlated real numbers. As in the standard regression setup, there are n observations, where each observation i consists of k−1 explanatory variables, grouped into a vector of length k (where a dummy variable with a value of 1 has been added to allow for an intercept coefficient). This can be viewed as a set of m related regression problems for each observation i:
where the set of errors are all correlated. Equivalently, it can be viewed as a single regression problem where the outcome is a row vector and the regression coefficient vectors are stacked next to each other, as follows:
The coefficient matrix B is a matrix where the coefficient vectors for each regression problem are stacked horizontally:
The noise vector for each observation i is jointly normal, so that the outcomes for a given observation are correlated:
We can write the entire regression problem in matrix form as:
where Y and E are matrices. The design matrix X is an matrix with the observations stacked vertically, as |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achada%20Furna | Achada Furna () is a settlement in the southern part of the island of Fogo, Cape Verde. It is situated 15 km east of the island capital São Filipe. At the 2010 census its population was 495. Its elevation is about 870 meters. Nearby places include Cabeça Fundão to the north, Figueira Pavão to the east, Fonte Aleixo to the south and Monte Largo to the west.
Climate
Its climate is cooler than the low-lying areas of the island. The average temperature is . Average rainfall is 366 millimeters, the highest is 149 mm in September and the lowest is without a single precipitation between the months of March and May.
See also
List of villages and settlements in Cape Verde
References
Villages and settlements in Fogo, Cape Verde
Santa Catarina do Fogo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corderoite | Corderoite is an extremely rare mercury sulfide chloride mineral with formula Hg3S2Cl2. It crystallizes in the isometric crystal system. It is soft, 1.5 to 2 on the Mohs scale, and varies in color from light gray to black and rarely pink or yellow.
It was first described in 1974 for occurrences in the McDermitt Mercury mine in Humboldt County, Nevada. The name is from the old name of the mine, the Old Cordero Mine.
Structure
The structure of was determined in the 1960s before it was found in nature.
It has crankshaft chains that are crosswise linked by additional Hg²+.
The crystals are chiral (existing in two enantiomorphic forms), in space group I23 (no. 199). The chloride ions form a lattice similar to a primitive cubic lattice (but with the ions slightly displaced along three-fold axes), and the sulfide ions form a similar lattice by occupying positions near the centres of the cubes of chloride ions, also on three-fold rotation axes. This gives eight chloride and eight sulfide ions per unit cell. The mercury ions are located on two-fold rotation axes that do not intersect the three-fold rotation axes. They occupy positions close to the centres of the faces of the chloride cubes, but only half of such positions are occupied, giving 12 mercury ions per unit cell. The closest neighbors of a mercury ion are two sulfide ions, at a distance of 2.422 Å, the S-Hg-S angle being 165.1°. Each sulfide ion has three mercury ions near it, with the Hg-S-Hg angles being 94.1°. The nea |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destrin | Destrin or DSTN (also known as actin depolymerizing factor or ADF) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the DSTN gene. Destrin is a component protein in microfilaments.
The product of this gene belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF (Actin-Depolymerizing Factor)/cofilin family. This family of proteins is responsible for enhancing the turnover rate of actin in vivo. This gene encodes the actin depolymerizing protein that severs actin filaments (F-actin) and binds to actin monomers (G-actin). Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.
Structure
The tertiary structure of destrin was determined by the use of triple-resonance multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR. The secondary and tertiary structures of destrin are similar to the gelsolin family which is another actin-regulating protein family.
There are three ordered layers to destrin which is a globular protein. There is a central β sheet that is composed of one parallel strand and three antiparallel strands. This β sheet is between a long α helix along with a shorter one and two shorter helices on the opposite side. The four helices are parallel to the β strands.
Function
In a variety of eukaryotes, destrin regulates actin in the cytoskeleton. Destrin binds actin and is thought to connect it as gelsolin segment-1 does. Furthermore, the binding of actin by destrin and cofilin is regulated negatively by phosphorylation. Destrin can also sever actin filame |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinin | Actinin is a microfilament protein. Alpha-actinin-1 is necessary for the attachment of actin myofilaments to the Z-lines in skeletal muscle cells, and to the dense bodies in smooth muscle cells. The functional protein is an anti-parallel dimer, which cross-links the thin filaments in adjacent sarcomeres, and therefore coordinates contractions between sarcomeres in the horizontal axis.
The non-sarcomeric alpha-actinins, encoded by ACTN1 and ACTN4, are widely expressed. ACTN2 expression is found in both cardiac and skeletal muscle, whereas ACTN3 is limited to the latter. Both ends of the rod-shaped alpha-actinin dimer contain actin-binding domains.
Mutations in ACTN4 can cause the kidney disease focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).
See also
Actin
Muscle contraction
References
External links
EF-hand-containing proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestin%20%28protein%29 | Nestin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NES gene.
Nestin (acronym for neuroepithelial stem cell protein) is a type VI intermediate filament (IF) protein. These intermediate filament proteins are expressed mostly in nerve cells where they are implicated in the radial growth of the axon. Seven genes encode for the heavy (NF-H), medium (NF-M) and light neurofilament (NF-L) proteins, nestin and α-internexin in nerve cells, synemin α and desmuslin/synemin β (two alternative transcripts of the DMN gene) in muscle cells, and syncoilin (also in muscle cells). Members of this group mostly preferentially coassemble as heteropolymers in tissues. Steinert et al. has shown that nestin forms homodimers and homotetramers but does not form IF by itself in vitro. In mixtures, nestin preferentially co-assembles with purified vimentin or the type IV IF protein internexin to form heterodimer coiled-coil molecules.
Gene
Structurally, nestin has the shortest head domain (N-terminus) and the longest tail domain (C-terminus) of all the IF proteins. Nestin is of high molecular weight (240kDa) with a terminus greater than 500 residues (compared to cytokeratins and lamins with termini less than 50 residues).
After subcloning the human nestin gene into plasmid vectors, Dahlstrand et al. determined the nucleotide sequence of all coding regions and parts of the introns. In order to establish the boundaries of the introns, they used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a fra |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanowodginite | Titanowodginite is a mineral with the chemical formula MnTiTa2O8. Titanowodginite has a Mohs hardness of 5.5 and a vitreous luster. It is an iridescent dark brown to black crystal that commonly forms in a matrix of smoky quartz or white beryl in a complex zoned pegmatite.
It was first described in 1992 for an occurrence in the Tanco Mine located in southern Manitoba, Canada. It was named because it is a titanium bearing member of the wodginite group.
References
Oxide minerals
Titanium minerals
Manganese(II) minerals
Tantalum minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 15
Minerals described in 1992 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheddase | Sheddases are membrane-bound enzymes that cleave extracellular portions of transmembrane proteins, releasing the soluble ectodomains from the cell surface. Many sheddases are members of the ADAM or aspartic protease (BACE) protein families.
These enzymes can activate a transmembrane protein if it is a receptor (e.g., HER2), or cut off the part of the transmembrane protein which has already bound an agonist (e.g., in the case of EGFR), allowing this agonist to go and stimulate a receptor on another cell. Hence, sheddases demultiply the yield of agonists. Sheddase inhibitors active on ADAM10 and ADAM17 can potentiate anti-cancer therapy.
Functions
It has been postulated that the activity of sheddases occurs in relation to the amount of general enzymatic activity. Research indicates that sheddases are instead related to phosphatidylserine exposure. When PSA-3 cells' ability to synthesize phosphatidylserine was repressed, sheddase activity decreased, and the sheddase activity returned to normal levels when the cells were again able to synthesize phosphatidylserine. This led researchers to conclude that phosphatidyserine exposure is necessary for cells to exhibit sheddase activity.
Uses
Due to the nature of the mechanisms and functions of sheddase enzymes, they have been studied on the basis of discovering possible uses in medicine. One such use is in the treatment of allergic responses and other processes of the immune system. ADAM10 is responsible for the shedding of the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilation%20error | Compilation error or compile error refers to a state when a compiler fails to compile a piece of computer program source code, either due to errors in the code, or, more unusually, due to errors in the compiler itself. A compilation error message often helps programmers debugging the source code. Although the definitions of compilation and interpretation can be vague, generally compilation errors only refer to static compilation and not dynamic compilation. However, dynamic compilation can still technically have compilation errors, although many programmers and sources may identify them as run-time errors. Most just-in-time compilers, such as the Javascript V8 engine, ambiguously refer to compilation errors as syntax errors since they check for them at run time.
Examples
Common C++ compilation errors
Undeclared identifier, e.g.:
doy.cpp: In function `int main()':
doy.cpp:25: `DayOfYear' undeclared (first use this function)
This means that the variable "DayOfYear" is trying to be used before being declared.
Common function undeclared, e.g.:
xyz.cpp: In function `int main()': xyz.cpp:6: `cout' undeclared (first use this function)
This means that the programmer most likely forgot to include iostream.
Parse error, e.g.:
somefile.cpp:24: parse error before `something'
This could mean that a semi-colon is missing at the end of the previous statement.
Internal Compiler Errors
An internal compiler error (commonly abbreviated as ICE) is an error that occurs not due to err |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20notation | Cell notation or cell representation in chemistry is a shorthand method of expressing a reaction in an electrochemical cell.
In cell notation, the two half-cells are described by writing the formula of each individual chemical species involved in the redox reaction across the cell, with all other common ions and inert substances being ignored. Each species is separated by a vertical bar, with the species in each half-cell grouped together, and the two half-cells separated by two bars or slashes representing a salt bridge (which generally contains an electrolyte solution such as potassium nitrate or sodium chloride that is left unwritten). It is common practice to represent the anode to the left of the double bar and the cathode to the right, and to put aqueous species closest to the double bar.
Cell notation may be used to represent other information that is not essential to the reaction but still useful to include. For example, the electrode's species may be marked by a degree symbol. The standard abbreviations for the phases of each species are often included as subscripts, in a manner similar to the notation in chemical equations. Sometimes, the initial concentrations of dissolved species may be written to the right in parentheses (see example below).
Some examples of this notation are:
This means that the left electrode (anode) is made of zinc, while the other one (right, cathode) is composed of a silver wire covered by a silver chloride layer which is not soluble. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aghul%20language | Aghul is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the Aghuls in southern Dagestan, Russia and in Azerbaijan. It is spoken by about 29,300 people (2010 census).
Classification
Aghul belongs to the Eastern Samur group of the Lezgic branch of the Northeast Caucasian language family.
Geographic distribution
In 2002, Aghul was spoken by 28,300 people in Russia, mainly in Southern Dagestan, as well as 32 people in Azerbaijan.
Related languages
There are nine languages in the Lezgian language family, namely: Aghul, Tabasaran, Rutul, Lezgian, Tsakhur, Budukh, Kryts, Udi and Archi.
Phonology
Aghul has contrastive epiglottal consonants.
Aghul makes, like many Northeast Caucasian languages, a distinction between tense consonants with concomitant length and weak consonants. The tense consonants are characterized by the intensiveness (tension) of articulation, which naturally leads to a lengthening of the consonant so they are traditionally transcribed with the length diacritic. The gemination of the consonant itself does not create its tension, but morphologically tense consonants often derive from adjoining two single weak consonants. Some Aghul dialects have an especially large number of permitted initial tense consonants.
Vowels
Consonants
The glottal stop transcribed here is named rather ambiguously a "glottalic laryngeal" by the source.
Alphabet
Grammar
Case
There are four core cases: absolutive, ergative, genitive, and dative, as well as a large series of location cases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosteum | The endosteum (: endostea) is a thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones.
This endosteal surface is usually resorbed during long periods of malnutrition, resulting in less cortical thickness.
The outer surface of a bone is lined by a thin layer of connective tissue that is very similar in morphology and function to endosteum. It is called the periosteum, or the periosteal surface. During bone growth, the width of the bone increases as osteoblasts lay new bone tissue at the periosteum. To prevent the bone from becoming unnecessarily thick, osteoclasts resorb the bone from the endosteal side.
Additional images
References
External links
– "Bone, structure (LM, High)"
Image at dal.ca
Musculoskeletal system |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bram%20van%20Leer | Bram van Leer is Arthur B. Modine Emeritus Professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Michigan, in Ann Arbor. He specializes in Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), fluid dynamics, and numerical analysis. His most influential work lies in CFD, a field he helped modernize from 1970 onwards. An appraisal of his early work has been given by C. Hirsch (1979)
An astrophysicist by education, van Leer made lasting contributions to CFD in his five-part article series “Towards the Ultimate Conservative Difference Scheme (1972-1979),” where he extended Godunov's finite-volume scheme to the second order (MUSCL). Also in the series, he developed non-oscillatory interpolation using limiters, an approximate Riemann solver, and discontinuous-Galerkin schemes for unsteady advection. Since joining the University of Michigan's Aerospace Engineering Department (1986), he has worked on convergence acceleration by local preconditioning and multigrid relaxation for Euler and Navier-Stokes problems, unsteady adaptive grids, space-environment modeling, atmospheric flow modeling, extended hydrodynamics for rarefied flows, and discontinuous-Galerkin methods. He retired in 2012, forced to give up research because of progressive blindness.
Throughout his career, van Leer's work has had interdisciplinary characteristic. Starting from astrophysics, he first made an impact on weapons research, followed by aeronautics, then space-weather modeling, atmospheric modeling, surface-water modeling a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simhah%20ben%20Samuel%20of%20Vitry | Simhah ben Samuel of Vitry (; died 1105) was a French Talmudist of the 11th and 12th centuries, pupil of Rashi, and the compiler of Machzor Vitry. He lived in Vitry-le-François.
Machzor Vitry
Machzor Vitry contains decisions and rules concerning religious practise, besides responsa by Rashi and other authorities, both contemporary and earlier. The work is cited as early as the 12th century in Jacob Tam's Sefer ha-Yashar (No. 620) as having been compiled by Simchah; and the sources from which the compiler took his material—the Seder Rav Amram, the Halachot Gedolot, and others—also are mentioned. Isaac ben Samuel, a grandson of Simchah, also refers to Machzor Vitry compiled by his grandfather.
Various additions were afterward made to this machzor, a large proportion of which, designated by the letter (= "tosafot"), are by Isaac ben Dorbolo. The latter often appends his name to such additions; and in one place he says plainly: "These explanations were added by me, Isaac b. Dorbolo; but the following is from the Machzor of R. Simchah of Vitry himself". Other additions are by Abraham ben Nathan, author of Ha-Manhig, and are designated by the letters , his initials.
Extant manuscripts of the Machzor
Several manuscripts of Machzor Vitry are extant, the oldest of which, according to Abraham Berliner is from Isaac Samuel Reggio, currently in the Jewish Theological Seminary of America library (NY JTS 8092). It contains Machzor Vitry proper without any additions. A second manuscri |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s%20Party%20Work%20for%20Prosperity | People's Party Work for Prosperity (Bosnian and Croatian: Narodna stranka Radom za Boljitak; abbr. NSRzB) is a multi-ethnic party in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was founded and is run by Mladen Ivanković-Lijanović, from Široki Brijeg.
References
Liberal parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Secularism in Bosnia and Herzegovina |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AN/SPG-53 | The AN/SPG-53 was a United States Navy Gun Fire-control radar (International Telecommunication Union classification: radiolocation land station in the radiolocation service), used in conjunction with the Mark 68 gun fire-control system.
It was used with the 5"/54 caliber Mark 42 gun system aboard s, , , and s and s of the US Navy, as well as Australian s and Spanish s.
See also
List of radars
References
External links
GlobalSecurity.org
Mk 68 GFCS
Sea radars
Military electronics of the United States
Military equipment introduced in the 1950s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajaram%20Nityananda | Rajaram Nityananda (born 1948) is an Indian physicist who works on Solid State Physics, Liquid Crystals, Astronomical Optics, Image Processing, & Gravitational Dynamics. He currently works as professor at Azim Premji University Bengaluru. He was formerly the Director of the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics and also Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences in Hyderabad. He served on the Physical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize from 2015 to 2017. He also serves as an Associate Editor of the Journal of Astrophysics & Astronomy, published by the Indian Academy of Sciences. He also serves as the chief editor for Resonance Journal for Science Education published by Indian Academy of Sciences. He is also the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli and Chennai Mathematical Institute. He is currently serving as a faculty member at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune. Previously he worked at Raman Research Institute from 1975 to 2000.
References
External links
Rajaram Nityananda's articles on INSPIRE-HEP
1948 births
Indian astrophysicists
Living people
Bangalore University alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moco | Moco may refer to:
Biochemistry
Molybdenum cofactor, any of a number of biochemical cofactors
MOCOS, molybdenum cofactor sulfurase
Moco RNA motif, a conserved RNA structure presumed to be a riboswitch that binds molybdenum cofactor
Moco-II RNA motif, a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics
Business
Moelis & Company, a global independent investment bank (referred to colloquially as MoCo)
Mozilla Corporation
Nissan Moco, marketed name for the Suzuki MR Wagon in Japan
Geography
Montgomery County, Maryland, nicknamed "MoCo"
Mount Moco, the tallest mountain in Angola
People
Chilala Moco (born 1977), an Angolan photographer
Marcolino Moco (born 1953), the Prime Minister of Angola from 1992 to 1996
Didi Mocó, stage name of Brazilian comedian Renato Aragão (born 1935)
Miss Moço, Canadian drag queen
"Moco", stage name of Julian Villarreal from the Mexican band and record producer (Celso Piña) (Banda Machos) (Tigrillos) El Gran Silencio
Moco, the fictional drug lord in the 1992 film El Mariachi portrayed by Peter Marquardt
Moco, a character in the anime Dragon Quest
Zoology
Mocó (Kerodon rupestris), also known as the rock cavy, a Brazilian rodent
Oligosoma moco, or Moko skink, a species of skink endemic to New Zealand
See also
Loco moco, a traditional meal in Hawaiian cuisine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20Antoine | Jacques Antoine (14 March 1924 – 14 September 2012) was a French creator and producer of game shows. His most famous creations include Treasure Hunt, Interceptor, Fort Boyard, and The Crystal Maze.
Personal life
Jacques Antoine was born 14 March 1924 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, a suburb to the west of Paris. His father was writer and director André-Paul Antoine, and his grandfather was theatre director André Antoine.
Career
At the age of 24, Jacques Antoine made his first steps in radio with Pierre Bellemare. From the 1950s to 1990s, he created and produced many programs, including more than 150 television and radio games among the most famous in French-speaking countries, such as La Tête et les Jambes, Le Schmilblick, Les Jeux de 20 heures, La Chasse aux trésors, L'Académie des neuf, Tournez manège, and Fort Boyard.
Death and legacy
Antoine died on 14 September 2012 of cardiac arrest.
The French host of Fort Boyard Olivier Minne announced on Twitter "Jacques Antoine has left us. The father of Fort Boyard was the greatest TV game creator. I'm very sad. Thinking of him."
Rémy Pflimlin, president of France Télévisions spoke of him as "one of the iconic group who contributed to the creation and production of the first televised games".
TV host Pierre Bellemare described Jacques as "the most innovative man we have had in this profession since the war".
Credits
À pied, à cheval et en voiture (1957) (screenplay) (story)
Yeux de l'amour, Les (1959) (novel "Une Histoire Vraie")
V |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen%2C%20type%20III%2C%20alpha%201 | Type III Collagen is a homotrimer, or a protein composed of three identical peptide chains (monomers), each called an alpha 1 chain of type III collagen. Formally, the monomers are called collagen type III, alpha-1 chain and in humans are encoded by the gene. Type III collagen is one of the fibrillar collagens whose proteins have a long, inflexible, triple-helical domain.
Protein structure and function
Type III collagen is synthesized by cells as a pre-procollagen.
The signal peptide is cleaved off producing a procollagen molecule. Three identical type III procollagen chains come together at the carboxy-terminal ends, and the structure is stabilized by the formation of disulphide bonds. Each individual chain folds into left-handed helix and the three chains are then wrapped together into a right-handed superhelix, the triple helix. Prior to assembling the super-helix, each monomer is subjected to a number of post-translational modifications that occur while the monomer is being translated. First, on the order of 145 prolyl residues of the 239 in the triple-helical domain are hydroxylated to 4-hydroxyproline by prolyl-4-hydroxylase. Second, some of the lysine residues are hydroxylated or glycosylated, and some lysine as well as hydroxylysine residues undergo oxidative deamination catalysed by lysyl oxidase. Other post-translational modifications occur after the triple helix is formed. The large globular domains from both ends of the molecule are removed by C- and amino( |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCR%20315 | The NCR 315 Data Processing System, released in January 1962 by NCR, is a second-generation computer. All printed circuit boards use resistor–transistor logic (RTL) to create the various logic elements. It uses 12-bit slab memory structure using magnetic-core memory. The instructions can use a memory slab as either two 6-bit alphanumeric characters or as three 4-bit BCD digits. Basic memory is 5000 "slabs" (10,000 characters or 15,000 decimal digits) of handmade core memory, which is expandable to a maximum of 40,000 slabs (80,000 characters or 120,000 decimal digits) in four refrigerator-size cabinets. The main processor includes three cabinets and a console section that houses the power supply, keyboard, output writer (an IBM electric typewriter), and a panel with lights that indicate the current status of the program counter, registers, arithmetic accumulator, and system errors. Input/Output is by direct parallel connections to each type of peripheral through a two-cable bundle with 1-inch-thick cables. Some devices like magnetic tape and the CRAM are daisy-chained to allow multiple drives to be connected.
The central processor (315 Data Processor) weighed about .
Later models in this series include the 315-100 and the 315-RMC (Rod Memory Computer).
Memory organization
The addressable unit of memory on the NCR 315 series is a "slab", short for "syllable", consisting of 12 data bits and a parity bit. Its size falls between a byte and a typical word (hence the name, 'sy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford%20Nass | Clifford Ivar Nass (April 3, 1958 – November 2, 2013) was a professor of communication at Stanford University, co-creator of The Media Equation theory, and a renowned authority on human-computer interaction (HCI). He was also known for his work on individual differences associated with media multitasking. Nass was the Thomas M. Storke Professor at Stanford and held courtesy appointments in Computer Science, Education, Law, and Sociology. He was also affiliated with the programs in Symbolic Systems and Science, Technology, and Society.
Nass was the director of the Communication between Humans and Interactive Media (CHIMe) Lab, co-director of Kozmetsky Global Collaboratory (KGC) and its Real-time Venture Design Laboratory (ReVeL), and a co-founder of TeachAids.
Early life and education
Nass was born in Jersey City, New Jersey and raised in Teaneck, the son of Florence and Jules Nass. His parents formed New Jersey's first Mothers Against Drunk Driving chapter after Nass's older brother was killed by a drunk driver in 1981.
Nass graduated cum laude with an A.B. in mathematics from Princeton University in 1981 after completing a senior thesis, titled "PASCGRAF and the Haloed line effect", under the supervision of Arthur Appel. He then conducted research in the areas of computer graphics, data structures and database design for IBM and Intel before returning to Princeton to pursue graduate studies. He received a Ph.D. in sociology from Princeton in 1986 after completing a doctor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gismondine | Gismondine is a mineral with the chemical formula CaAl2Si2O8·4(H2O). It is a zeolite or hydrated alumino-silicate. It forms colorless, bipyramidal crystals of orthorhombic symmetry.
Gismondine was named for Italian mineralogist Carlo Giuseppe Gismondi (1762–1824). It has been found in Iceland, Ireland, and Italy.
References
Encyclopædia Britannica online entry
Gismondine data at webmineral.com
External links
Structure type GIS
Zeolites
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorna%20Sage | Lorna Sage (13 January 1943 – 11 January 2001) was an English academic, literary critic and author, remembered especially for contributing to consideration of women's writing and for a memoir of her early life, Bad Blood (2000). She taught English literature at the University of East Anglia.
Biography
Sage was born in Hanmer - in Wales near the border with England - as the eldest child of Valma (née Meredith-Morris) and Eric Stockton, a haulage contractor, then serving as a second lieutenant in the Royal Welch Fusiliers. She was named after the title character of R. D. Blackmore's novel Lorna Doone. As her father was away serving in the Second World War, she was initially raised in her grandparents' home in Flintshire, where her grandfather was at once an Anglican clergyman and a ladies' man and drinker disliked by his wife. She attended a nearby Flintshire village school and then the Girls' High School in Whitchurch, Shropshire.
Lorna Stockton became pregnant by Victor Sage and they married in 1959 when she was 16. Their daughter Sharon was born in 1960, after which the couple managed to continue their education. Lorna Sage won a scholarship to read English at Durham University, after the university's St Aidan's College changed its admission rules to admit married students. They both graduated in 1964 with first class honours, an event reported on the front page of the Daily Mail at the time. Although the couple divorced in 1974, they remained friends. Mrs Sage later recei |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad%20Blood%20%28Sage%20book%29 | Bad Blood is a 2000 work blending collective biography and memoir by the Anglo-Welsh literary critic and academic Lorna Sage.
Set in post-war North Wales, it reflects on the dysfunctional generations of a family, its problems, and their effect on Sage. It won the 2001 Whitbread Book Biography of the Year seven days before Sage died of emphysema.
James Fenton wrote in The New York Review of Books: "What makes the book remarkable is the individual story she has to tell, and which she delivers with such glee."
The Guardian ranked Bad Blood at number 89 in its list of 100 Best Books of the 21st Century in September 2019.
Release details
2001, UK, Fourth Estate (), Pub. date 10 July 2001, paperback (First edition)
References
External links
Review at ReadingGroupsGuides.com
2001 non-fiction books
Costa Book Award-winning works
British biographies
Literary autobiographies |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucryptite | Eucryptite is a lithium bearing aluminium silicate mineral with formula LiAlSiO4. It crystallizes in the trigonal - rhombohedral crystal system. It typically occurs as granular to massive in form and may pseudomorphically replace spodumene. It has a brittle to conchoidal fracture and indistinct cleavage. It is transparent to translucent and varies from colorless to white to brown. It has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 and a specific gravity of 2.67. Optically it is uniaxial positive with refractive index values of nω = 1.570 - 1.573 and nε = 1.583 - 1.587.
Its typical occurrence is in lithium-rich pegmatites in association with albite, spodumene, petalite, amblygonite, lepidolite and quartz.
It occurs as a secondary alteration product of spodumene. It was first described in 1880 for an occurrence at its type locality, Branchville, Connecticut. Its name was from the Greek for well concealed, for its typical occurrence embedded in albite.
References
Nesosilicates
Lithium minerals
Trigonal minerals
Minerals in space group 148 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roshko%20number | In fluid mechanics, the Roshko number (Ro) is a dimensionless number describing oscillating flow mechanisms. It is named after the American Professor of Aeronautics Anatol Roshko. It is defined as
where
St is the dimensionless Strouhal number;
Re is the Reynolds number;
U is mean stream velocity;
f is the frequency of vortex shedding;
L is the characteristic length (for example hydraulic diameter);
ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid.
Correlations
Roshko determined the correlation below from experiments on the flow of air around circular cylinders over range Re=50 to Re=2000:
valid over [ 50 <= Re < 200]
valid over [200 <= Re < 2000]
Ormières and Provansal investigated vortex shedding in the wake of a sphere and found a relationship between Re and Ro in the range 280 < Re < 360.
Notes
References
Dimensionless numbers of fluid mechanics
Fluid dynamics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Hot%20Sauce | Crystal Hot Sauce is a brand of Louisiana hot sauce produced by family-owned Baumer Foods since 1923. of Crystal Hot Sauce are shipped per year to 75 countries. The sauce is reddish orange with medium heat, and has been described as having "a more prominent dark chile flavor, and a slightly subdued vinegar profile" when compared to Tabasco, another brand of Louisiana-style hot sauce.
History
Originally based in New Orleans, Crystal was famous for its lighted sign featuring a chef stirring a pot of hot sauce with steam from the factory venting out through the pot. The sign was a New Orleans landmark on Tulane Avenue in Mid-City, visible from Interstate 10. The preserves advertised on the sign were found in U.S military rations during World War II, but are no longer produced.
Hurricane Katrina, which devastated the city in 2005, damaged much of Baumer Foods' New Orleans plant, including the sign. Following the storm, the company moved its plant to Reserve, in St. John the Baptist Parish, located up the Mississippi River from New Orleans. The iconic sign was replicated and placed atop a new apartment building, built on the same site as the old factory. As of April 2021, the company maintains its head office in Metairie, a suburb of New Orleans.
The green wrapper that sealed the bottle had the word Crystal written on it previously; after Hurricane Katrina the writing no longer appeared on the label.
Currently, the dark green over-wrap says both "Crystal" and "Louisiana" in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waverley%20Christian%20College | Waverley Christian College is a co-educational independent Christian school with two campuses - Wantirna South and Narre Warren South. The College offers Christian education to pre-school, primary, and secondary students.
History
Originally established in 1978 as Parkmore Full Gospel College by Parkmore Full Gospel Church, the church and school merged with Waverley Christian Fellowship (now CityLife Church) in 1983. The College moved to its present site in Wantirna South in 1989.
The College has 2305 students enrolled in 2023 from Kindergarten to Year 12 across both campuses. The Wantirna South campus has 1292 students. The Narre Warren South campus has 1013 students.
Houses
The College has a four-house system. Each student is placed in a house named in honour of Christians who made a significant contribution to the promotion of the Bible in Christian history. The house system conducts weekly student meetings and aims to encourage healthy competition, build team spirit and develop student leadership. Points are awarded in academic, sporting and spiritual areas of the College.
Red - Wycliffe – named after a 14th-century theologian
Green - Tyndale – named after a 16th-century Protestant reformer and scholar
Yellow - Finney – named after an 18th-century American revivalist and minister
Blue - Spurgeon – named after a 19th-century preacher
Christian education
Waverley Christian College encourages students to have a rich involvement in their faith and Christian lifestyle. Stu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TreePeople | TreePeople is an educational and training environmental advocacy organization based in Los Angeles, California. The TreePeople organization advocates and works to support sustainable urban ecosystems in the Greater Los Angeles area through education, volunteer community-based action, and advocacy.
Organization history
TreePeople was founded in Los Angeles in 1973 by an 18-year-old activist Andy Lipkis. Lipkis and a group of other teenagers began planting trees three years prior at summer camp in the San Bernardino Mountains. Lipkis heard that smog from Los Angeles was drifting up to the mountains and killing the forest. He rallied his fellow campers, tore up a parking lot, and planted smog-tolerant trees.
Lipkis served as president of TreePeople for many years and still serves as a Board Member. Cindy Montañez became the Chief Executive Officer in 2016. The organization works with thousands of members and volunteers and more than 50 staff members, operating out of the Center for Community Forestry located with-in 45-acre Coldwater Canyon Park.
The TreePeople organization focuses on increasing Greater Los Angeles' urban forest by supporting people in planting and caring for trees at homes, on school yards, and in neighborhoods. It also supports volunteers in restoring damaged local forest ecosystems in the Santa Monica Mountains, San Gabriel Mountains and San Bernardino Mountains.
Beyond planting and caring for trees, TreePeople works to promote urban watershed managemen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal%20analysis | Modal analysis is the study of the dynamic properties of systems in the frequency domain. It consists of mechanically exciting a studied component in such a way to target the modeshapes of the structure, and recording the vibration data with a network of sensors. Examples would include measuring the vibration of a car's body when it is attached to a shaker, or the noise pattern in a room when excited by a loudspeaker.
Modern day experimental modal analysis systems are composed of 1) sensors such as transducers (typically accelerometers, load cells), or non contact via a Laser vibrometer, or stereophotogrammetric cameras 2) data acquisition system and an analog-to-digital converter front end (to digitize analog instrumentation signals) and 3) host PC (personal computer) to view the data and analyze it.
Classically this was done with a SIMO (single-input, multiple-output) approach, that is, one excitation point, and then the response is measured at many other points. In the past a hammer survey, using a fixed accelerometer and a roving hammer as excitation, gave a MISO (multiple-input, single-output) analysis, which is mathematically identical to SIMO, due to the principle of reciprocity. In recent years MIMO (multi-input, multiple-output) have become more practical, where partial coherence analysis identifies which part of the response comes from which excitation source. Using multiple shakers leads to a uniform distribution of the energy over the entire structure and a bet |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/22%20nm%20process | The 22 nm node is the process step following 32 nm in CMOS MOSFET semiconductor device fabrication. The typical half-pitch (i.e., half the distance between identical features in an array) for a memory cell using the process is around 22 nm. It was first demonstrated by semiconductor companies for use in RAM memory in 2008. In 2010, Toshiba began shipping 24 nm flash memory chips, and Samsung Electronics began mass-producing 20 nm flash memory chips. The first consumer-level CPU deliveries using a 22 nm process started in April 2012 with the Intel Ivy Bridge processors.
The ITRS 2006 Front End Process Update indicates that equivalent physical oxide thickness will not scale below 0.5 nm (about twice the diameter of a silicon atom), which is the expected value at the 22 nm node. This is an indication that CMOS scaling in this area has reached a wall at this point, possibly disturbing Moore's law.
The 20-nanometre node is an intermediate half-node die shrink based on the 22-nanometre process.
TSMC began mass production of 20nm nodes in 2014. The 22 nm process was superseded by commercial 14 nm FinFET technology in 2014.
Technology demos
On August 18, 2008, AMD, Freescale, IBM, STMicroelectronics, Toshiba, and the College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (CNSE) announced that they jointly developed and manufactured a 22 nm SRAM cell, built on a traditional six-transistor design on a 300 mm wafer, which had a memory cell size of just 0.1 μm2. The cell was printed using imme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Dame%20Edna%20Experience | The Dame Edna Experience is a British television comedy talk-show hosted by Dame Edna Everage. It ran for twelve regular episodes on ITV, plus two Christmas specials.
This show was also aired in re-runs with Dutch subtitles in the Netherlands.
Programme
The first seven aired for the first time in 1987, the next seven in 1989. It was directed by Ian Hamilton and Alasdair MacMillan and produced by London Weekend Television. Regulars on the program, besides Dame Edna, were her "bridesmaid" Madge Allsop (played by Emily Perry) and Robin Houston who was the announcer, with orchestra conducted and arranged by Laurie Holloway.
Each program featured several celebrity guests, usually three, but some programs included up to eight guests. There would also be other invited "guests" (such as Kurt Waldheim and Imelda Marcos), who, once introduced at stage right, would fall victim to a trap door or something similar and fail to make it to their chair.
DVD releases
The entire series was released on DVD (for Region 1) by BBC Video in June 2004, and can now also be purchased as a complete set including the 1987 Christmas special and the three An Audience with Dame Edna specials, plus other material.
The series was released for Region 2 by Network DVD in the UK in 2007, as a four-disc set. It includes the 1987 Christmas special and the one-off 1990 Christmas special A Night on Mount Edna with guests Mel Gibson, Charlton Heston, Gina Lollobrigida and Julio Iglesias.
For reasons unknown, ne |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klisura%2C%20Plovdiv%20Province | Klisura (, , ) is a small town in the Karlovo Municipality of the Plovdiv Province in central Bulgaria. It is situated in a valley surrounded by the Balkan Mountain range and Sredna Gora. As of 2005, its population has numbered 1,478 people and it is located 105 km to the east of Sofia, 35 km west of Karlovo and 25 km northeast of Koprivshtitsa.
The name of Klisura has traditionally been associated with the heroism of its inhabitants during the April Uprising. The then-village was a centre of the revolution and Borimechkata ("the man who struggles a bear") who lived in the village was one of its leaders. Places of main interest are the Church of St Nicholas, the local Historical Museum, and historic homes such as Chervenakov's house, Pavurdzhiev's house, Kozinarov's house, etc. Klisura is the birthplace of Hristo G. Danov, the founder of the first Bulgarian printing house in Plovdiv.
One and a half kilometres away from Klisura is Zli dol ("Evil glen"), the motor tourism complex of the Union of the Bulgarian Drivers. The complex includes 15 small houses with around 60 beds, a restaurant, a bar, a playground, tennis, volleyball and basketball courts, an equestrian area, and a guarded car park.
Klisura is a starting point for many itineraries to the Central Balkan National Park and to two peaks — Vezhen in the Balkan Mountains and Bogdan in Sredna Gora. The town is only one kilometre away from the Sub-Balkan principal highway thoroughfare Sofia-Burgas and has two railway |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rituparna | Rituparna () is a king of Ayodhya featured in Hindu literature. Belonging to the Suryavamsha (Solar dynasty), he appears in the legend of Nala and Damayanti in the Mahabharata. He employs Nala in the stables and the kitchen, under the alias of Bahuka.
Legend
The serpent-king Karkotaka advised Nala to go the court of King Rituparna of Ayodhya, employed as the king's primary charioteer under the name of Bahuka. Damayanti, Nala's wife, suspected that her husband now lived in the court of Ayodhya. She sent a Brahmana named Sudeva to act as her messenger to Rituparna, inviting him to her second svayamvara, which was to take place the following sunrise. Rituparna rode towards the kingdom of Vidarbha at once, with Nala as his charioteer. During a certain point in the journey, when his cloak fell upon the ground, he requested Nala to halt so that he may retrieve it; to his surprise, Nala had covered a distance of one yojana within that moment from the spot that his cloak had fallen. Observing a tree in the forest, Rituparna was able to offer a precise count of the number of leaves and fruits upon it. In exchange for teaching the Akṣahṛdaya mantra to Nala, which offered mastery over gambling, he learnt the Aśvahṛdaya mantra, which offered him mastery over riding. After they reached Vidarbha, after a series of tests, he realised that the second svayamvara was a scheme by Damayanti, ultimately to reconcile with her husband, Nala. Bearing no resentment, Rituparna was glad about the reu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20library%20ratings | There are several national systems for assessing, evaluating, or otherwise rating the quality of public libraries.
United States
Basic library statistics (not rankings) were initially maintained by the National Center for Educational Statistics; that body continues to collect data for academic libraries, but administration of the Public Libraries Survey and the State Library Agencies Survey was transferred to the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) in October 2007. IMLS continues to conduct public library surveys as well as distribute historical data from surveys back to 1988.
The Library Data Archives includes longitudinal data sets.
HAPLR and subsequent debate
The system that would become Hennen's American Public Library Ratings (HAPLR) was first published in the January 1999 issue of American Libraries prepared by Thomas J. Hennen Jr., Director of Waukesha County Federated Library System in Wisconsin. Libraries were ranked on 15 measures with comparisons in broad population categories. HAPLR was updated annually through 2010 and was the focus of widespread professional debate in the field of librarianship.
Oregon State Librarian Jim Scheppke noted that the statistics that HAPLR relies on are misleading because they rely too much on output measures, such as circulation, funding, etc. and not on input measures, such as open hours and patron satisfaction. "To give HAPLR some credit, collectively, the libraries in the top half of the list are definitely bette |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard%20Herzenberg | Leonard Arthur "Len" Herzenberg (November 5, 1931 – October 27, 2013) was an immunologist, geneticist and professor at Stanford University. His contributions to the development of cell biology made it possible to sort viable cells by their specific properties.
Education
Herzenberg was born in New York City, U.S.A. He received his bachelor's degree in 1952 from Brooklyn College in biology and chemistry. In 1955, he received his Ph.D. from California Institute of Technology in biochemistry with a specialization in immunology for studies on cytochrome in Neurospora.
Career
After school he was a postdoctoral fellow at the American Cancer Society, working in France at the Pasteur Institute. He returned to the United States in 1957 and worked for the National Institutes of Health as an officer in the Public Health Service department. He started working at Stanford in 1959. He eventually earned the title Professor of Genetics.
In 1970 Herzenberg developed the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) which revolutionized immunology and cancer biology, and is the basis for purification of adult stem cells.
During a sabbatical in the laboratory of Cesar Milstein between 1976 and 1977, Herzenberg coined the term hybridoma for hybrid cells that result from the fusion of B cells and myeloma cells.
Personal life
Herzenberg and his wife, Leonore Herzenberg, ran the Herzenberg Laboratory at Stanford together until his death. Their daughter, Jana Herzen, is a singer-songwriter and t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordero | Cordero is Spanish and Italian last name origin. The name means "young lamb", per the Latin cordarius (a derivative of cordus, meaning ‘young’, ‘new’). It may be an occupational name for a shepherd, or a nickname meaning "lamb".
People with the surname
Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo (1925–2017), Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
Angel Cordero Jr. (born 1942), Puerto Rican jockey
Atilano Cordero Badillo (born 1943), Puerto Rican entrepreneur and supermarket owner
Chad Cordero (born 1982), American professional baseball player
Desirée Cordero Ferrer (born 1993), Spanish model, Miss Spain 2014
Eugene Cordero, American actor
Federico A. Cordero (1928–2012), Puerto Rican classical guitarist
Franchy Cordero (born 1994), Dominican baseball player
Francisco Cordero (born 1975), Dominican professional baseball player
Georgina Febres-Cordero (1861–1925), Venezuelan nun
Gilda Cordero-Fernando (1930–2020), Filipina writer and publisher
Joaquín Cordero (1923–2013), Mexican actor
Jorge Cordero (musician) (born 1952), Cuban singer, guitarist and percussionist
Jorge Cordero (footballer) (born 1962), Peruvian footballer
Juan Cordero (1822–1884), Mexican painter and muralist
Juan César Cordero Dávila (1904–1965), Puerto Rican Major General in the US Army
León Febres Cordero (1931–2008), President of Ecuador 1984–1988
Luca Cordero di Montezemolo (born 1947), Italian businessman, Chairman of Ferrari
Luis Cordero Crespo (1833–1912), President of Ecuador 189 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edna%20F.%20Kelly | Edna Flannery Kelly (August 20, 1906 – December 14, 1997) was an American politician who served ten terms as a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from New York from 1949 to 1969.
Biography
Kelly was born in East Hampton, New York. She graduated from Hunter College in 1928. She was a delegate to the 1948 Democratic National Convention, 1952 Democratic National Convention, 1956 Democratic National Convention, 1960 Democratic National Convention, and 1968 Democratic National Convention. She spoke for the nomination of New York Governor W. Averell Harriman, touting his anti-communist credentials at the 1956 convention; and she seconded his nomination.
Tenure in Congress
She was elected to Congress in 1949 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Andrew L. Somers and served from November 8, 1949 until January 3, 1969. She was a Democratic National Committee member from 1956 until 1968.
Throughout her 19-year career in the House, Kelly was recognized for her expertise in foreign affairs, serving as the chair of the Subcommittee on Europe and retiring from Congress as the third ranking member of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs. During her tenure, Kelly was responsible for measures that settled displaced people after World War II and refugees for Russia and Eastern Europe. She also helped to create the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.
One news report pointed to her advocacy of "women's and social issues, drawing attention |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous%20spatial%20automaton | In automata theory (a subfield of computer science), continuous spatial automata, unlike cellular automata, have a continuum of locations, while the state of a location still is any of a finite number of real numbers. Time can also be continuous, and in this case the state evolves according to differential equations.
One important example is reaction–diffusion textures, differential equations proposed by Alan Turing to explain how chemical reactions could create the stripes on zebras and spots on leopards. When these are approximated by CA, such CAs often yield similar patterns. Another important example is neural fields, which are the continuum limit of neural networks where average firing rates evolve based on integro-differential equations. Such models demonstrate spatiotemporal pattern formation, localized states and travelling waves. They have been used as models for cortical memory states and visual hallucinations.
MacLennan considers continuous spatial automata as a model of computation, and demonstrated that they can implement Turing-universality.
See also
Analog computer
Coupled map lattice
References
Cellular automata |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%27s%20function%20for%20the%20three-variable%20Laplace%20equation | In physics, the Green's function (or fundamental solution) for Laplace's equation in three variables is used to describe the response of a particular type of physical system to a point source. In particular, this Green's function arises in systems that can be described by Poisson's equation, a partial differential equation (PDE) of the form
where is the Laplace operator in , is the source term of the system, and is the solution to the equation. Because is a linear differential operator, the solution to a general system of this type can be written as an integral over a distribution of source given by :
where the Green's function for Laplace's equation in three variables describes the response of the system at the point to a point source located at :
and the point source is given by , the Dirac delta function.
Motivation
One physical system of this type is a charge distribution in electrostatics. In such a system, the electric field is expressed as the negative gradient of the electric potential, and Gauss's law in differential form applies:
Combining these expressions gives us Poisson's equation:
We can find the solution to this equation for an arbitrary charge distribution by temporarily considering the distribution created by a point charge located at :
In this case,
which shows that for will give the response of the system to the point charge . Therefore, from the discussion above, if we can find the Green's function of this operator, we can find to be
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker%27s%20Delight | Hacker's Delight is a software algorithm book by Henry S. Warren, Jr. first published in 2002. It presents fast bit-level and low-level arithmetic algorithms for common tasks such as counting bits or improving speed of division by using multiplication.
Background
The author, an IBM researcher working on systems ranging from the IBM 704 to the PowerPC, collected what he called "programming tricks" over the course of his career. These tricks concern efficient low-level manipulation of bit strings and numbers. According to the book's foreword by Guy L. Steele, the target audience includes compiler writers and people writing high-performance code.
Summary
Programming examples are written in C and assembler for a RISC architecture similar, but not identical to PowerPC. Algorithms are given as formulas for any number of bits, the examples usually for 32 bits.
Apart from the introduction, chapters are independent of each other, each focusing on a particular subject. Many algorithms in the book depend on two's complement integer numbers.
The subject matter of the second edition of the book includes algorithms for
Basic algorithms for manipulating individual bits, formulas for identities, inequalities, overflow detection for arithmetic operations and shifts
Rounding up and down to a multiple of a known power of 2, the next power of 2 and for detecting if an operation crossed a power-of-2 boundary
Checking bounds
Counting total, leading and trailing zeros
Searching for bit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thralls%20%28film%29 | Thralls (also known as Blood Angels in Canada) is a 2005 direct-to-video comedy horror film directed by Ron Oliver and starring Lorenzo Lamas, Leah Cairns, Siri Baruc, Crystal Lowe, Lisa Marie Caruk, Sonya Salomaa, and Moneca Delain. It was written by Lisa Morton and Brett Thompson.
Plot
The plot focuses on six women known as thralls, half-vampires who lack the ability to fly or turn their victims. The thralls are joined by Ashley (Baruc), the sister of one of the thralls, and together they attempt to escape from the control of Mr. Jones (Lamas), a centuries-old vampire with a henchman named Rennie. Leslie opens a dance club in Iowa, while waiting the arrival of her sister Ashley, who grew up in an abusive household. Her father dies of a heart attack, causing Ashley to live with her sister.
Leslie saves Ashley from a group of muggers, and drains one of them of his blood. At the club, a Transvestite threatens to expose the girls for what they really are. Ashley learns that Leslie and her friends are half-vampire. She thanks them for saving her life when she almost fell over a rail. They stole the Necronomicon to defeat Jones, who plans on taking over the world by unleashing Belial, a demon. It is said the Belial tried to make vampires in his own image, but it resulted in making them look human. It is also said that the ritual will begin on the winter solstice, which is the longest night of the year.
Ashley falls for Jim, a local who didn't believe her at first, while his |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Hazell | Tony Hazell (born 19 September 1947 in High Wycombe) is an English former footballer who made 564 appearances in the Football League playing as a defender for Queens Park Rangers, Millwall, Crystal Palace and Charlton Athletic.
Hazell joined Queens Park Rangers as a 15-year-old, and made his professional debut in October 1964 against Gillingham. He was a member of the 1966–67 side that won both the Third Division Championship and the League Cup, defeating West Bromwich Albion 3–2 at Wembley Stadium.
Hazell played 369 League games for QPR before transferring to Millwall in 1974, where he played 153 League games. He later had a short spell at Crystal Palace and a little longer with Charlton Athletic before retiring.
Following his retirement from football, Hazell worked as a technician for British Telecom.
References
1947 births
Living people
Footballers from High Wycombe
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Millwall F.C. players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
English Football League players
British Telecom people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamorna%20%28folk%20song%29 | Lyrics (Lamorna)
So now I'll sing to you, about a maiden fair,
I met the other evening at the corner of the square.
She had a dark and roving eye, she was a charming rover,
And we rode all night, through the pale moonlight
away down to Lamorna.
Chorus
Twas down in Albert square
I never shall forget,
Her eyes they shone like diamonds
and the evening it was wet, wet, wet.
Her hair hung down in curls,
she was a charming rover,
And we rode all night,
through the pale moonlight,
away down to Lamorna.
As we got in the cab, I asked her for her name,
And when she gave it me, well, mine it was the same,
So I lifted up her veil, for her face was covered over,
And to my surprise, it was my wife,
I took down to Lamorna.
Chorus
She said, I know you now, I knew you all along,
I knew you in the dark, but I did it for a lark,
And for that lark you'll pay, for the taking of the donah:
You'll pay the fare, for I declare,
away down to Lamorna.
Chorus
Lamorna (Roud 16636) is a traditional folk song/ballad associated with Cornwall, and dealing with the courtship of a man and a woman, who turned out to be his wife. The title comes from Lamorna, a village in west Cornwall. Sheet music held in the British Library dates the song to 1910.
Lamorna is a Cornish adaptation of a music hall song titled Pomona or Away down to Pomona which originates from Manchester in the north west of England. 'Albert Square' is a square in front of Manchester Town Hall, and Pomona Palace and gardens we |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropsy%20in%20fish | Dropsy is a condition in fish caused by the buildup of fluid inside the body cavity or tissues. As a symptom rather than a disease in its own right, it can indicate a number of underlying diseases, including bacterial infections, parasitic infections, or liver dysfunction.
Causes
The symptoms collectively known as “dropsy” may be caused by a multitude of reasons. Poor water quality, viral infections, sudden changes in water conditions and a prolonged period of stress that may compromise the fish’s immune system may all trigger said symptoms.
Symptoms
The following symptoms may be observed:
Swelling of the abdomen
Eyes that are beginning to swell and bulge
Scales that starting to point outward instead of lying flush with their body giving a "pinecone" appearance
A loss of color in their gills
Clamping of the fins
A curve developing in their spine
Pale feces
Swelling near their anus
A loss of appetite
A lack of energy and movement
Treatment
Because dropsy is a symptom of an illness, its cause may or may not be contagious. However, it is standard practice to quarantine sick fish to prevent spreading the underlying cause to the other fish in the tank community in case the disease causing dropsy is contagious. However, this quarantine is only effective when the disease is caught early.
Traditionally, when fish would exhibit dropsy, it was advised to “destroy” it. However recently, it is recommended to “bathe” the fish in water that has aquarium or epsom salts dissolved in it, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre%20Chorin | Alexandre Joel Chorin (born 25 June 1938) is an American mathematician known for his contributions to computational fluid mechanics, turbulence, and computational statistical mechanics.
Chorin's work involves developing methods for solving physics and fluid mechanics problems computationally. His early work introduced several widely used numerical methods for solving the Navier-Stokes equations, including the method of artificial compressibility, the projection method, and vortex methods. He has made numerous contributions to turbulence theory. In recent years he has been developing methods for prediction in the face of uncertainty and for filtering and data assimilation.
Career
Chorin is a University Professor at the University of California, a Professor of Mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley and a Senior Scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Chorin received the Ing. Dipl. Physics degree from the EPFL (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) in 1961, an M.S. in Mathematics from New York University in 1964, and a PhD in Mathematics from New York University in 1966.
Chorin is widely recognized for his mentoring of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, many of whom have become nationally and internationally recognized scientists in their own right. In 2008 he was honored with the Sarlo mentoring award by the University of California, Berkeley.
Awards
Chorin's awards include the National Academy Award in Applied Mathematics and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HindIII | HindIII (pronounced "Hin D Three") is a type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease restriction enzyme isolated from Haemophilus influenzae that cleaves the DNA palindromic sequence AAGCTT in the presence of the cofactor Mg2+ via hydrolysis.
The cleavage of this sequence between the AA's results in 5' overhangs on the DNA called sticky ends:
5'-A |A G C T T-3'
3'-T T C G A| A-5'
Restriction endonucleases are used as defense mechanisms in prokaryotic organisms in the restriction modification system. Their primary function is to protect the host genome against invasion by foreign DNA, primarily bacteriophage DNA. There is also evidence that suggests the restriction enzymes may act alongside modification enzymes as selfish elements, or may be involved in genetic recombination and transposition.
Enzyme Structure
The structure of HindIII is complex, and consists of a homodimer. Like other type II restriction endonucleases, it is believed to contain a common structural core comprising four β-sheets and a single α-helix. Each subunit contains 300 amino acids and the predicted molecular mass is 34,950 Da. Despite the importance of this enzyme in molecular biology and DNA technology, little information is available concerning the mechanism of DNA recognition and phosphodiester bond cleavage. However, it is believed that HindIII utilizes a common mechanism of recognition and catalysis of DNA found in other type II enzymes such as EcoRI, BamHI, and BglII. These |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMRIB%20Software%20Library | The FMRIB Software Library, abbreviated FSL, is a software library containing image analysis and statistical tools for functional, structural and diffusion MRI brain imaging data.
FSL is available as both precompiled binaries and source code for Apple and PC (Linux) computers. It is freely available for non-commercial use.
FSL Functionality
History and development
FSL is written mainly by members of the FMRIB (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain) Analysis Group, Oxford
University, UK. The first release of FSL was in 2000; there has been
approximately one major new release each year to date. The FMRIB
Analysis Group is primarily funded by the Wellcome Trust and the UK EPSRC and
MRC Research Councils.
See also
AFNI
FreeSurfer
SPM
Neuroimaging
External links
FSL website
FMRIB Analysis Group
References
Computing in medical imaging
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
Information technology organisations based in the United Kingdom
Neuroimaging
Neuroimaging software
Organisations associated with the University of Oxford
Wellcome Trust
Organizations established in 2012
2012 establishments in the United Kingdom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-DP | HLA-DP is a protein/peptide-antigen receptor and graft-versus-host disease antigen that is composed of 2 subunits, DPα and DPβ. DPα and DPβ are encoded by two loci, HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1, that are found in the MHC Class II (or HLA-D) region in the Human Leukocyte Antigen complex on human chromosome 6 (see protein boxes on right for links).
Less is known about HLA-DP relative to HLA-DQ and HLA-DR but the sequencing of DP types and determination of more frequent haplotypes has progressed greatly within the last few years.
Structure, Functions, Genetics
Structure
HLA-DP is an αβ-heterodimer cell-surface receptor. Each DP subunit (α-subunit, β-subunit) is composed of a α-helical N-terminal domain, an IgG-like β-sheet, a membrane spanning domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. The α-helical domain forms the sides of the peptide binding groove. The β-sheet regions form the base of the binding groove and the bulk of the molecule as well as the inter-subunit (non-covalent) binding region.
Function
The name 'HLA-DP' originally describes a transplantation antigen of MHC class II category of the major histocompatibility complex of humans, however this antigen is an artifact of the era of organ transplantation. HLA DP functions as a cell surface receptor for foreign or self antigens. The immune system surveys antigens for foreign pathogens when presented by MHC receptors (like HLA-DP). The MHC Class II antigens are found on antigen presenting cells (APC)(macrophages, dendritic cells, and B |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygote%20%28disambiguation%29 | A zygote is a fertilized biological cell.
Zygote may also refer to:
Zygote (album), the first solo album from John Popper
Zygote (software), a software component of the Android operating system
Zygote Media Group, a high-end 3D rendering and animation software company
Zygote in My Coffee, an underground magazine in the United States published 2003–2010
Zygote (2017), a short SF/horror movie created by Oats Studios |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole%20King | Nicole King (born 1970) is an American biologist and faculty member at the University of California, Berkeley in molecular and cell biology and integrative biology. She was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 2005. She has been an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) since 2013.
King studies the evolution of multicellularity and choanoflagellates. The goal of her work is to reconstruct how multicellular animals evolved from single-cell organisms.
Professional contributions
King identified choanoflagellates as key organisms to answer questions about the origin of multicellularity. Prior to her work, it was unclear whether choanoflagellates or fungi were the closest outgroup to multicellular animals (also called "metazoans"). King's comparative genomics work in collaboration with Sean Carroll helped to elucidate the evolutionary "tree of life." In addition, work by King and colleagues showed that choanoflagellates possess several protein-coding genes that are highly related to protein-coding genes in animals at the base of the metazoan tree, such as sponges, cnidarians, and ctenophores.
More recent work by King demonstrates that molecules thought to underpin the transition to multicellarity also exist in choanoflagellates and therefore were present in the single-celled and colonial ancestors of animals. For example, one of the most abundant and important cell adhesion molecules in the animal kingdom, cadherin, exists in choanoflagellates. In animals, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportioning%20valve | A proportioning valve is a valve that relies on the laws of fluid pressure to distribute input forces to one or more output lines. A proportioning valve can increase or decrease forces for each output, depending on the cross-sectional surface areas of those output lines.
A simple example is an input tube with cross-sectional area A entering a chamber. Leading out of the chamber are two more tubes, one with cross-sectional area 3A and the other with area A/2. If a force F is applied to the fluid in the input tube, the pressure in that tube will be F/A. Utilizing pressure laws, we find that each output tube will see the same pressure. This means the output tube with area 3A will yield a force of 3F, and the output tube with area A/2 will yield a force of F/2. Thus, if you apply a 10-pound force to the input, you will get forces of 30 lbf and 5 lbf, respectively, from the outputs. If you apply a 10-newton force to the input, you will get forces of 30 N and 5 N, respectively, from the outputs
Proportioning valves are frequently used in cars to reduce the brake fluid pressure to the rear brakes. In cars with disc brakes on the front and drum brakes on the back, more pressure is needed for the disc brakes in the front. The proportioning valve prevents the rear brakes from engaging before the front brakes during panic stops.
See also
Pressure regulator
Electronic brakeforce distribution
References
Fundamentals of Automotive Technology: Principles and Practice. Jones & Ba |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band%20III | Band III is the name of the range of radio frequencies within the very high frequency (VHF) part of the electromagnetic spectrum from 174 to 240 megahertz (MHz). It is primarily used for radio and television broadcasting. It is also called high-band VHF, in contrast to Bands I and II.
Broadcast Television
North America
The band is subdivided into seven channels for television broadcasting, each occupying 6 MHz.
Europe
European Band III allocations vary from country to country, with channel widths of 7 or 8 MHz.
The standard channel allocations for European countries that use System B with 7 MHz channel spacing are as follows:
The Irish (8 MHz) system is shown below.
Oceania
Australia has allocated 8 channels in Band III for digital television, each with 7 MHz bandwidth.
Russia and other former members of OIRT
Russian analog television is transmitted using System D with 8 MHz channel bandwidth.
Radio
The band came into use for radio broadcasting at the turn of the 21st century and is used for Digital Audio Broadcasting.
It is subdivided into a number of frequency blocks:
Worldwide usage
Europe
In the UK and part of Ireland, Band III was originally used for monochrome 405-line television; however, this was discontinued by the mid-1980s. Other European countries (including Ireland) continued to use Band III for analogue 625-line colour television.
Digital television in the DVB-T standard can be used in conjunction with VHF Band III and is used as such in som |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band%20II | Band II is the range of radio frequencies within the very high frequency (VHF) part of the electromagnetic spectrum from 87.5 to 108.0 megahertz (MHz).
Radio
Band II is primarily used worldwide for FM radio broadcasting.
Broadcast television
Usage in Russia and in other former members of OIRT
In the former Soviet Union and other countries-members of OIRT, frequencies from 76 MHz to 100 MHz were designated for broadcast television usage. Considering 8 MHz channel bandwidth used by the Russian analog television system (System D), the following television channels had been defined:
Broadcast television channels 1 and 2 are assigned to VHF I band, channels 6 to 12 are assigned to VHF III band.
Starting from the early 1990s, frequencies previously allotted to television channels 4 and 5 have been re-allocated for FM radio, thereby harmonizing it with the Western allocation for FM radio service.
References
Radio spectrum
Broadcast engineering |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval%20scheduling | Interval scheduling is a class of problems in computer science, particularly in the area of algorithm design. The problems consider a set of tasks. Each task is represented by an interval describing the time in which it needs to be processed by some machine (or, equivalently, scheduled on some resource). For instance, task A might run from 2:00 to 5:00, task B might run from 4:00 to 10:00 and task C might run from 9:00 to 11:00. A subset of intervals is compatible if no two intervals overlap on the machine/resource. For example, the subset {A,C} is compatible, as is the subset {B}; but neither {A,B} nor {B,C} are compatible subsets, because the corresponding intervals within each subset overlap.
The interval scheduling maximization problem (ISMP) is to find a largest compatible set, i.e., a set of non-overlapping intervals of maximum size. The goal here is to execute as many tasks as possible, that is, to maximize the throughput. It is equivalent to finding a maximum independent set in an interval graph.
A generalization of the problem considers machines/resources. Here the goal is to find compatible subsets whose union is the largest.
In an upgraded version of the problem, the intervals are partitioned into groups. A subset of intervals is compatible if no two intervals overlap, and moreover, no two intervals belong to the same group (i.e., the subset contains at most a single representative of each group). Each group of intervals corresponds to a single task, and repre |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band%20I | Band I is a range of radio frequencies within the very high frequency (VHF) part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The first time there was defined "for simplicity" in Annex 1 of "Final acts of the European Broadcasting Conference in the VHF and UHF bands - Stockholm, 1961". Band I ranges from 47 to 68 MHz for the European Broadcasting Area, and from 54 to 88 MHz for the Americas and it is primarily used for television broadcasting in compliance with ITU Radio Regulations (article 1.38). With the transition to digital TV, most Band I transmitters have already been switched off.
Television broadcasting usage
Channel spacings vary from country to country, with spacings of 6, 7 and 8 MHz being common.
In the UK, Band I was originally used by the BBC for monochrome 405-line television; likewise, the French former 455-line (1937-1939) then 441-line (1943-1956) transmitter on the Eiffel Tower in Paris, and some stations of the French monochrome 819-line system used Band I. Both 405-line and 819-line systems were discontinued in the mid-1980s. Other European countries used Band I for 625-line analogue television, first in monochrome and later in colour.
This was being gradually phased out with the introduction of digital television in the DVB-T standard, which is not defined for VHF Band I, though some older receivers and some modulators do support it.
In the United States, use of this band is for analog NTSC (ended June 12, 2009) and digital ATSC (current). Digital television |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shafie%20Apdal | Datuk Seri Panglima Mohd Shafie bin Apdal (Jawi: محمد ساڤي بن أفضل; born 20 October 1956) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Semporna since April 1995, State Leader of the Opposition of Sabah since September 2020 and Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Senallang since May 2018. He served as the 15th Chief Minister and the State Minister of Finance of Sabah from May 2018 to September 2020, Minister of Rural and Regional Development from April 2009 to July 2015 and Vice-President of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. He has served as the 1st and founding President of Heritage Party (WARISAN) since October 2016. He lost the power as Chief Minister of Sabah following the defeat of his coalition WARISAN + in the 2020 state election.
Early life and education
Mohd. Shafie bin Apdal was born in 1956 in Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia into a Bajau family. He is the nephew of Sakaran Dandai, who was the eighth Chief Minister of Sabah and its former governor as well.
Shafie completed his secondary education in Victoria Institution, Kuala Lumpur (but attended Sabah College, Kota Kinabalu for his middle school). He has a Diploma in Shipping Management from the London Business College (not to be confused with the London Business School). In 1992, he received his Bachelor in Economics (Hons) from North Staffordshire Polytechnic, England.
Political care |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian%20and%20New%20Zealand%20television%20frequencies | Television frequency allocation has evolved since the start of television in Australia in 1956, and later in New Zealand in 1960. There was no coordination between the national spectrum management authorities in either country to establish the frequency allocations. The management of the spectrum in both countries is largely the product of their economical and political situation. New Zealand didn't start to develop television service until 1965 due to World War 2 and its economic harm in the country's economy.
The demand and planning for television in Australia intensified after WW2, with the Chifley government first favouring the existing British model (state monopoly) in 1948, and New Zealand used a similar model during the introduction of television in the 1960s. Private broadcasting did not come to the country until the 1980s, but there was no spectrum expansion to cope with the new arrangement.
History
Australia
Australian television broadcasting commenced in 1956 in Melbourne and Sydney to coincide with the 1956 Summer Olympics.
Three stations commenced operations on a ten-channel spectrum arrangement: the ABC operating in the VHF low band (VHF Ch 2), and the commercial stations operating in the VHF high band (VHF Ch 7 & 9). At the outset, commercial stations were independently owned, but due to economic forces network affiliations were soon established.
This pattern of television spectrum allocation was replicated in most of the state capital cities over the sub |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest%20Everett%20Just | Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941) was a pioneering biologist, academic and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the development of organisms. In his work within marine biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.
Early life and education
Born to Charles Jr. and Mary Matthews Just on August 14, 1883, Just was one of five children. His father and grandfather, Charles Sr., were builders. When Just was four years old, both his father and grandfather died (the former of alcoholism). Just's mother became the sole supporter of Just, his younger brother, and his younger sister. Mary Matthews Just taught at an African-American school in Charleston to support her family. During the summer, she worked in the phosphate mines on James Island. Noticing that there was much vacant land near the island, Mary persuaded several black families to move there to farm. The town they founded, now incorporated in the West Ashley area of Charleston, was eventually named Maryville in her honor.
When Just was young, he became severely sick for six weeks with typhoid. Once the fever passed, he had a hard time recuperating, and his memory had been greatly affected. He had previously learned to read and write, but now had to relearn. His mother had been very sympathetic in teaching him, but after |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version%20space%20learning | Version space learning is a logical approach to machine learning, specifically binary classification. Version space learning algorithms search a predefined space of hypotheses, viewed as a set of logical sentences. Formally, the hypothesis space is a disjunction
(i.e., either hypothesis 1 is true, or hypothesis 2, or any subset of the hypotheses 1 through ). A version space learning algorithm is presented with examples, which it will use to restrict its hypothesis space; for each example , the hypotheses that are inconsistent with are removed from the space. This iterative refining of the hypothesis space is called the candidate elimination algorithm, the hypothesis space maintained inside the algorithm its version space.
The version space algorithm
In settings where there is a generality-ordering on hypotheses, it is possible to represent the version space by two sets of hypotheses: (1) the most specific consistent hypotheses, and (2) the most general consistent hypotheses, where "consistent" indicates agreement with observed data.
The most specific hypotheses (i.e., the specific boundary SB) cover the observed positive training examples, and as little of the remaining feature space as possible. These hypotheses, if reduced any further, exclude a positive training example, and hence become inconsistent. These minimal hypotheses essentially constitute a (pessimistic) claim that the true concept is defined just by the positive data already observed: Thus, if a novel (nev |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSAP | BSAP may refer to:
B-cell-specific activator protein
Baltic Sea Action Plan, Helsinki Committee
Basic Strategic Art Program
Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase
British Society of Animal Science, formerly British Society of Animal Production
British South Africa Police
Bristol Standard Asynchronous Protocol |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanischer%20Lloyd | The Germanischer Lloyd SE was a classification society based in the city of Hamburg, Germany. It ceased to exist as an independent entity in September 2013 as a result of its merger with Norway's DNV (Det Norske Veritas) to become DNV GL.
Before the merger, as a technical supervisory organization, Germanischer Lloyd conducted safety surveys on more than 7,000 ships with over 100 Mio GT. Its technical and engineering services also included the mitigation of risks and assurance of technical compliance for oil, gas, and industrial installations, as well as wind energy parks.
History
On 16 March 1867, a group of 600 shipowners, shipbuilders and insurers met in the big hall of the Hamburg Stock Exchange on the occasion of the founding convention of Germanischer Lloyd. On behalf of the founding committee, the merchant and shipowner August Behn signed the statute of the young institution. The founding committee consisted of representatives of shipowners J. C. Godeffroy & Sohn, A. J. Schön & Co., A. J. Hertz & Söhne, as well as R. M. Sloman. The new society was founded as a non-profit association based in Hamburg.
The reason for forming a German classification society was to achieve transparency. Merchants, shipowners, and insurers used to get little information about the state of a ship. As an independent classification society, Germanischer Lloyd was created to evaluate the quality of ships and deliver the results to shipowners, merchants, and insurers.
First classification |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallstavik | Hallstavik is a locality situated in Norrtälje Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 4,476 inhabitants in 2010. The town is famous for its papermill and the Speedway team Rospiggarna.
The modern Hallstavik
An established project organization, Hallstaviks Network, coordinates everything that happens in and around Hallstavik. Outdoor swimming was completed and inaugurated in 2010. Other projects are meeting places for the youth and Skebo Rivers, focused on sportfishing for trout.
Holmen Paper is a business area within the Holmen Group with paper mills in Norrköping and Hallstavik. The Group also owns forest and power assets. A feasibility study was done to investigate taking advantage of waste heat from the paper mill in Hallstavik.
Hallstavik's Minnah Karlsson came second in the Swedish Idol 2010. She was one of the few Idol participants world over who was voted out, then came back and got to the final.
Image gallery
References
External links
Populated places in Norrtälje Municipality |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beckman%E2%80%93Quarles%20theorem | In geometry, the Beckman–Quarles theorem states that if a transformation of the Euclidean plane or a higher-dimensional Euclidean space preserves unit distances, then it preserves all Euclidean distances. Equivalently, every homomorphism from the unit distance graph of the plane to itself must be an isometry of the plane. The theorem is named after Frank S. Beckman and Donald A. Quarles Jr., who published this result in 1953; it was later rediscovered by other authors and re-proved in multiple ways. Analogous theorems for rational subsets of Euclidean spaces, or for non-Euclidean geometry, are also known.
Statement and proof idea
Formally, the result is as follows. Let be a function or multivalued function from a -dimensional Euclidean space to itself, and suppose that, for every pair of points and that are at unit distance from each other, every pair of images and are also at unit distance from each other. Then must be an isometry: it is a one-to-one function that preserves distances between all pairs of
One way of rephrasing the Beckman–Quarles theorem involves graph homomorphisms, mappings between undirected graphs that take vertices to vertices and edges to edges. For the unit distance graph whose vertices are all of the points in the plane, with an edge between any two points at unit distance, a homomorphism from this graph to itself is the same thing as a unit-distance-preserving transformation of the plane. Thus, the Beckman–Quarles theorem states that the onl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallsk%C3%A4rmsj%C3%A4garna | The 323rd Parachute Ranger Squadron () or Fallskärmsjägarna (English: "Parachute Rangers" or "Airborne Rangers") is a Swedish military special operations capable airborne ranger unit specialising in long-range reconnaissance.
The unit is based at the Life Regiment Hussars (K 3) in Karlsborg at the Swedish Parachute Ranger School (FJS).
History
The Swedish Army Paratroop School was created in 1952 by captain Nils-Ivar Carlborg and modelled after the German and British post–World War II airborne commando forces such as the Parachute Regiment and the Special Air Service (SAS), with the objective of creating a highly mobile force which had the flexibility to operate behind enemy lines and carry out long range reconnaissance missions to passively gather military intelligence.
Organization
The Parachute Rangers are organized under the 32nd Intelligence Battalion at the Life Regiment Hussars (K 3).
K 3 is also the home of the 31st Airborne Battalion, an airmobile infantry unit similar to the US 101st Airborne Division and the Swedish Armed Forces' special task group, the Särskilda operationsgruppen.
Around 2001, the Swedish Armed Forces organized a new special forces unit, called FJS IK, or Fallskärmsjägarnas Insatskompani (Parachute Ranger Rapid Reaction company), which consisted of contracted former Parachute Ranger conscripts for international deployment. In 2002, FJS IK were deployed to Afghanistan, and in 2003, FJS IK were deployed alongside Särskilda Skyddsgruppen (SSG) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie%20Ridge%20High%20School | Prairie Ridge High School, often referred to as "PR," is the newest public high school in Community High School District 155 in Crystal Lake, Illinois, United States. The other three high school in the area include Crystal Lake Central, Crystal Lake South, and Cary-Grove. Prairie Ridge High school opened in 1997 to address the overpopulation of the three area high schools.
In addition to Crystal Lake's areas with the 60012 zip code, Prairie Ridge also accepts students from the Northern and Eastern areas of Crystal Lake with the 60014 zipcode, along with Prairie Grove, Oakwood Hills, Burtons Bridge, Ridgefield, and small portions of McHenry, Cary, and Bull Valley. Prior to opening its doors, the first graduating class of students was allowed to vote on the name, colors, and song for the new high school. The district approved the name, and Prairie Ridge was born. As of the 2017–2018 school year, Prairie Ridge is the smallest high school in District 155.
Academics
The four-year graduation rate of Prairie Ridge for the 2020-21 school year was 98%, which is above the district average of 96% and the state average of 88%. For the 2018 graduating class, 80% of 362 students continued their education into either a community college or a 4-year university, and the most popular choices are McHenry County College (97), Iowa State University (12), Illinois State University (10), University of Iowa (10), and University of Illinois (9).
Prairie Ridge offers over 200 courses including Adv |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Lake%20Central%20High%20School | Crystal Lake Central High School, often referred to as "Central" or "CLC," is the oldest of the three high schools in Crystal Lake, Illinois, United States.
History
Crystal Lake Central High School opened its doors in 1924 as Crystal Lake Community High School. It was enlarged in 1928 with the first addition, with a second addition including the "Fieldhouse" completed in 1953. Another addition was completed to the west-end of the building in the 1964–1965 school year. Prior to its creation, area high school students attend Union School beginning in 1884. Crystal Lake Community (and Union School before it) served students in grades 9–12 from Crystal Lake, Cary, and the surrounding areas of McHenry County. Students in the first graduating class at Crystal Lake Community (Class of 1924) began their school year at Union School and moved to the new high school building just one month before graduation. Prior to relocating, the school was part of the Union School campus located at what is now Husmann Elementary School. The school was renamed as Crystal Lake Central in 1978 when Crystal Lake South opened, reaching an approximate maximum student population of 2100 in 1978. Crystal Lake Central once was the least populated of Community High School District 155's four high schools, as well as the oldest, however, as of the 2015–2016 school year, it is the second smallest, with Prairie Ridge High School having a smaller population size.
Athletics
Its mascot is the Tiger, with school |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZR%20D%20class%20%281874%29 | NZR D class steam tank locomotives operated on New Zealand's national railway network. The first entered service in 1874 all had been withdrawn by the end of 1927, which allowed the D classification to be used again in 1929.
Introduction
The boiler and cylinders were the same as the slightly earlier C class, but its driving wheels had a larger diameter and it was aesthetically different from the C. The class was ordered in a number of batches: eight from Neilson and Company in 1874, five from Dübs and Company and four from Neilson in 1878, seven from Neilson in 1880, ten from Scott Brothers in 1887, and the final D from Scott Brothers in 1890. The order with Scott Brothers, placed in 1884, was the first large-scale construction of locomotives in New Zealand.
Names
Four of the 1874 locomotives were named:
D 143: Trout
D 144: Kingfisher
D 169: Possum
D 240: Snapper
Operation
The class was not particularly powerful and was employed on light duties, sometimes achieving speeds of 72.4 km/h (45 mph) on a level grade. They often saw service on commuter trains between Christchurch and Lyttelton until superior locomotives took their place, and they were utilised at other major locations on the South Island's east coast. In the North Island, D 137 was used in 1905 as part of a "railcar" trial service between Lower Hutt and Upper Hutt, hauling a carriage that seated 24 first class passengers, 48 second class passengers, and had a guard's compartment. It was inspired by lo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOAA | MOAA may refer to:
Military Officers Association of America
Cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate synthase, an enzyme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoid%20receptor | Retinoid receptors are nuclear receptors (a class of proteins) that bind to retinoids. When bound to a retinoid, they act as transcription factors, altering the expression of genes with corresponding response elements. Significant age-related declines in the levels of retinoid receptors in the forebrains of rats have been reversed by supplementation with the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which can restore neurogenesis.
Subtypes include:
Retinoic acid receptors (RARs)
Retinoid X receptors (RXRs)
RAR-related orphan receptors (RORs)
References
Intracellular receptors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish%20Parachute%20Ranger%20School | The Parachute Ranger School (, FJS), is the Swedish Army's paratrooper ranger school and the home of Fallskärmsjägarna (Parachute Rangers) and Särskilda operationsgruppen (Special Operations Group). The school was founded in 1952 by captain Nils-Ivar Carlborg with the intention of creating and training small specialized units no bigger than platoons which were capable of operating deep behind enemy lines and inside enemy-controlled territory. Training is provided for both normal and static line jumps using the C-130 Hercules aircraft, as well as nighttime jumps, free fall jumps, HALO and HAHO. The school was reorganized into the 323rd Parachute Ranger Company in 2009.
History
The Parachute Ranger School was founded as the Swedish Army Parachute Ranger School (Arméns fallskärmsjägarskola) in 1952 by then captain Nils-Ivar Carlborg. The task was to use small platoon-sized units to penetrate and disrupt the enemy. The mode of transport was the airplane and at low altitude the parachute to get as far as possible behind enemy lines. The unit was initially a part of Karlsborg Anti-Aircraft Regiment (Lv 1). When the Karlsborg Anti-Aircraft Regiment was disbanded in 1961, the unit came to be subordinate to the commanding officer of Göta Signal Regiment (S 2).
The Parachute Ranger School was until 1978 located in the "Parachute Ranger Camp" (Fallskärmsjägarlägret), which until 1951 was the camp (barracks) ("Gamla lägret") of the Second Quartermaster Company (Andra intendenturkompani |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1%20Botanical%20Garden | The José Celestino Mutis botanical garden is Colombia's biggest botanical garden. It serves both as a recreation and research center with an emphasis on Andean and Páramo ecosystems. The garden is located in Bogotá and features plants from every Colombian altitude, climate and region. It was founded in 1955, in honor of botanist and astronomer José Celestino Mutis.
The municipally owned park is famous nationwide and is a member of the internationally known BGCI (Botanic Gardens Conservation International). The garden has an artificial waterfall and labs for studying plants and flowers. It also has public services such as a library and a tourist information desk. The garden is the only one in the nation specialized in preserving and collecting Andean species of flowers. Its 19.5 acres are full with collections of plants grouped by their original ecosystem.
Among other curiosities, the park includes a sun clock, a palmetum, an orchid collection, and a wide variety of Amazon flowers.
History
Jose Celestino Mutis was born in Spain in the city of Cadiz in 1732. He graduated in medicine from the University of Seville. In 1783, Under the rule of Charles III of Spain, he headed the Royal Botanical Expedition to New Granada. The expedition was the most important scientific collaboration of the 18th century where over 6,600 new species of flora were discovered and described. Although most of his research was not published and most of the time never completed, he remains as one of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classifier%20%28UML%29 | A classifier is a category of Unified Modeling Language (UML) elements that have some common features, such as attributes or methods.
Overview
A classifier is an abstract metaclass classification concept that serves as a mechanism to show interfaces, classes, datatypes and components.
A classifier describes a set of instances that have common behavioral and structural features (operations and attributes, respectively).
A classifier is a namespace whose members can specify a generalization hierarchy by referencing its general classifiers.
A classifier is a type and can own generalizations, thereby making it possible to define generalization relationships to other classifiers.
A classifier is a redefinable element, as it is possible to redefine nested classifiers.
All objects that can have instances are classifiers.
Important aspects
A classifier defines a namespace.
A classifier contains a set of features.
A classifier is generalizable.
Types of UML classifiers
Class
Component
Datatype
Interface
Node
Signal
Subsystem
Use Case
Predefined UML classifiers
Actor
Association
Class
Component
Datatype
Interface
Node
Signal
Subsystem
Use Case
References
Unified Modeling Language |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesium%20cadmium%20bromide | Caesium cadmium bromide (Cs Cd Br3) is a synthetic crystalline material. It belongs to the AMX3 group (where A = alkali metal, M = bivalent metal, X = halogen ion). Unlike most other bromides, CsCdBr3 is non-hygroscopic, giving it applications as an efficient upconversion material in solar cells. As a single crystal structure doped with rare-earth ions, it can be also used as active laser medium. It is highly transparent in the visible and infrared regions and can be used as a nonlinear optical crystal.
Caesium cadmium bromide with the formula Cs2CdBr4 has also been synthesized.
References
Metal halides
Caesium compounds
Cadmium compounds
Bromides
Crystals
Laser gain media |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNCC%20%28AM%29 | WNCC was a commercial AM radio station, licensed to the Borough of Northern Cambria, Pennsylvania. WNCC operated on a federally assigned frequency of 950 kHz with a maximum power output of 500 Watts.
History
WNCC first signed on the air back in 1950, licensed to the coal-mining community of Barnesboro (which would later merge with Spangler to form Northern Cambria) and like many small stations of its day, served the local area with a combination of local news, sports, and music. The station first operated from the American Legion post in Barnesboro and under the ownership of North Cambria Broadcasters, Inc. William Thomas served as the station's first general manager.
The station first changed hands in January 1960 when it was sold to WNCC Inc., a company headed by J. Howard Bair. Studios were then moved to 803 Maple Avenue. Ownership changed again on December 26, 1975, when the station was purchased by Bland Group, Inc., a company headed by William Bland. Bland brought major market radio know-how to Barnesboro. He had been successful in radio sales at KQV in Pittsburgh and at WLS in Chicago. Bland had also done well as a disc jockey in the 1960s, working on Mexican Radio at XEMO in Tijuana and, most notably, at WPOP in Hartford, Connecticut.
Bland's strategy for the Barnesboro station included terms like "Serving Coal Country" and "Your Radio Station, WNCC." With a strong focus on local news and information, the top 40 records being spun by "The Real" Johnny Dial |
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