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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%E2%80%93Markov | The phrase Gauss–Markov is used in two different ways:
Gauss–Markov processes in probability theory
The Gauss–Markov theorem in mathematical statistics (in this theorem, one does not assume the probability distributions are Gaussian.) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotropic%20etching | Isotropic etching is a method commonly used in semiconductors to remove material from a substrate via a chemical process using an etchant substance. The etchant may be in liquid-, gas- or plasma-phase, although liquid etchants such as buffered hydrofluoric acid (BHF) for silicon dioxide etching are more often used. Unl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market%20system | A market system (or market ecosystem) is any systematic process enabling many market players to offer and demand: helping buyers and sellers interact and make deals. It is not just the price mechanism but the entire system of regulation, qualification, credentials, reputations and clearing that surrounds that mechani... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieppe%2C%20New%20Brunswick | Dieppe () is a city in the Canadian maritime province of New Brunswick. Statistics Canada counted the population at 28,114 in 2021, making it the fourth-largest city in the province. On 1 January 2023, Dieppe annexed parts of two neighbouring local service districts; revised census figures have not been released.
Diep... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulldown | Pulldown may refer to:
Pulldown (casting), a type of casting defect
Pull-down resistor, a type of resistor use
Pull-down assay, a biochemical protein extraction technique
Pull-down menu. See Menu (computing)
Fitness
Pulldown exercise, a compound exercise designed to stress and develop the Latissimus dorsi.
A mark (Aus... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitin | Chitin (C8H13O5N)n ( ) is a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, an amide derivative of glucose. Chitin is probably the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature (behind only cellulose); an estimated 1 billion tons of chitin are produced each year in the biosphere. It is a primary component of cell walls in f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNP | PNP may refer to:
Science and technology
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase, an enzyme
4-Nitrophenol or p-nitrophenol
PNP transistor
Theoretical computer science
P versus NP problem
Computing
Plug and play, not requiring configuration
Legacy Plug and Play or Legacy PnP
Perspective-n-Point in computer vision
Org... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone%20melting | Zone melting (or zone refining, or floating-zone method, or floating-zone technique) is a group of similar methods of purifying crystals, in which a narrow region of a crystal is melted, and this molten zone is moved along the crystal. The molten region melts impure solid at its forward edge and leaves a wake of purer ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolis%20light%20transport | Metropolis light transport (MLT) is a global illumination application of a variant of the Monte Carlo method called the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm to the rendering equation for generating images from detailed physical descriptions of three-dimensional scenes.
The procedure constructs paths from the eye to a light s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z-transform | In mathematics and signal processing, the Z-transform converts a discrete-time signal, which is a sequence of real or complex numbers, into a complex frequency-domain (the z-domain or z-plane) representation.
It can be considered a discrete-time equivalent of the Laplace transform (the s-domain or s-plane). This simil... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag%20equation | In fluid dynamics, the drag equation is a formula used to calculate the force of drag experienced by an object due to movement through a fully enclosing fluid. The equation is:
where
is the drag force, which is by definition the force component in the direction of the flow velocity,
is the mass density of the fluid,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logit | In statistics, the logit ( ) function is the quantile function associated with the standard logistic distribution. It has many uses in data analysis and machine learning, especially in data transformations.
Mathematically, the logit is the inverse of the standard logistic function , so the logit is defined as
Because... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odds | In probability theory, odds provide a measure of the likelihood of a particular outcome. They are calculated as the ratio of the number of events that produce that outcome to the number that do not. Odds are commonly used in gambling and statistics.
Odds also have a simple relation with probability: the odds of an ou... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive%20filter | An adaptive filter is a system with a linear filter that has a transfer function controlled by variable parameters and a means to adjust those parameters according to an optimization algorithm. Because of the complexity of the optimization algorithms, almost all adaptive filters are digital filters. Adaptive filters a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitewater | Whitewater forms in the context of rapids, in particular, when a river's gradient changes enough to generate so much turbulence that air is trapped within the water. This forms an unstable current that froths, making the water appear opaque and white.
The term "whitewater" also has a broader meaning, applying to any ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faltings%27s%20theorem | Faltings's theorem is a result in arithmetic geometry, according to which a curve of genus greater than 1 over the field of rational numbers has only finitely many rational points. This was conjectured in 1922 by Louis Mordell, and known as the Mordell conjecture until its 1983 proof by Gerd Faltings. The conjecture w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulated%20annealing | Simulated annealing (SA) is a probabilistic technique for approximating the global optimum of a given function. Specifically, it is a metaheuristic to approximate global optimization in a large search space for an optimization problem. For large numbers of local optima, SA can find the global optima. It is often used w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag%20coefficient | In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient (commonly denoted as: , or ) is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water. It is used in the drag equation in which a lower drag coefficient indicates the object will have less aerodynamic o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral%20meningitis | Viral meningitis, also known as aseptic meningitis, is a type of meningitis due to a viral infection. It results in inflammation of the meninges (the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord). Symptoms commonly include headache, fever, sensitivity to light and neck stiffness.
Viruses are the most common cause of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersion%20%28optics%29 | In optics and in wave propagation in general, dispersion is the phenomenon in which the phase velocity of a wave depends on its frequency; sometimes the term chromatic dispersion is used for specificity to optics in particular.
A medium having this common property may be termed a dispersive medium (plural dispersive me... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspar%20Hauser | Kaspar Hauser (30 April 1812 – 17 December 1833) was a German youth who claimed to have grown up in the total isolation of a darkened cell. Hauser's claims, and his subsequent death from a stab wound to his left breast, sparked much debate and controversy. Theories propounded at the time identified him as a member of t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rete%20algorithm | The Rete algorithm ( , , rarely , ) is a pattern matching algorithm for implementing rule-based systems. The algorithm was developed to efficiently apply many rules or patterns to many objects, or facts, in a knowledge base. It is used to determine which of the system's rules should fire based on its data store, its... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptron | In machine learning, the perceptron (or McCulloch-Pitts neuron) is an algorithm for supervised learning of binary classifiers. A binary classifier is a function which can decide whether or not an input, represented by a vector of numbers, belongs to some specific class. It is a type of linear classifier, i.e. a class... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNAT | GNAT is a free-software compiler for the Ada programming language which forms part of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC). It supports all versions of the language, i.e. Ada 2012, Ada 2005, Ada 95 and Ada 83. Originally its name was an acronym that stood for GNU NYU Ada Translator, but that name no longer applies. The fr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkey%27s%20Audio | Monkey's Audio is an algorithm and file format for lossless audio data compression. Lossless data compression does not discard data during the process of encoding, unlike lossy compression methods such as Advanced Audio Coding, MP3, Vorbis, and Opus. Therefore, it may be decompressed to a file that is identical to the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth%20hormone | Growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin, also known as human growth hormone (hGH or HGH) in its human form, is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals. It is thus important in human development. GH also stimulates production of IGF-1 and increases the c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Lortie | Bernard Lortie (born c. 1951) of Montreal, Quebec, Canada was a member of the Chenier Cell of the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) who were responsible for a decade of bombings and armed robberies in the province of Quebec.
During what became known as the October Crisis, on October 5, 1970, members of the FLQ's Lib... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension | Suspension or suspended may refer to:
Science and engineering
Car suspension
Cell suspension or suspension culture, in biology
Guarded suspension, a software design pattern in concurrent programming suspending a method call and the calling thread until a precondition (guard) is satisfied
Magnetic suspension, a met... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diels%E2%80%93Alder%20reaction | In organic chemistry, the Diels–Alder reaction is a chemical reaction between a conjugated diene and a substituted alkene, commonly termed the dienophile, to form a substituted cyclohexene derivative. It is the prototypical example of a pericyclic reaction with a concerted mechanism. More specifically, it is classified... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefaction | In materials science, liquefaction is a process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas or that generates a non-liquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics.
It occurs both naturally and artificially. As an example of the latter, a "major commercial application of liquefaction is the liquefaction... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strychnine | Strychnine (, , US chiefly ) is a highly toxic, colorless, bitter, crystalline alkaloid used as a pesticide, particularly for killing small vertebrates such as birds and rodents. Strychnine, when inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the eyes or mouth, causes poisoning which results in muscular convulsions and event... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistler%20%28radio%29 | A whistler is a very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic (radio) wave generated by lightning. Frequencies of terrestrial whistlers are 1 kHz to 30 kHz, with maximum frequencies usually at 3 kHz to 5 kHz. Although they are electromagnetic waves, they occur at audio frequencies, and can be converted to audio using a sui... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayley%E2%80%93Hamilton%20theorem | In linear algebra, the Cayley–Hamilton theorem (named after the mathematicians Arthur Cayley and William Rowan Hamilton) states that every square matrix over a commutative ring (such as the real or complex numbers or the integers) satisfies its own characteristic equation.
If is a given matrix and is the identity ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive%20analysis | Competitive analysis may refer to:
Competitor analysis
Competitive analysis (online algorithm) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril%20Burt | Sir Cyril Lodowic Burt, FBA (3 March 1883 – 10 October 1971) was an English educational psychologist and geneticist who also made contributions to statistics. He is known for his studies on the heritability of IQ.
Shortly after he died, his studies of inheritance of intelligence were discredited after evidence emerged... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive%20bias | The inductive bias (also known as learning bias) of a learning algorithm is the set of assumptions that the learner uses to predict outputs of given inputs that it has not encountered.
Inductive bias is anything which makes the algorithm learn one pattern instead of another pattern (e.g. step-functions in decision tree... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncorrelatedness%20%28probability%20theory%29 | In probability theory and statistics, two real-valued random variables, , , are said to be uncorrelated if their covariance, , is zero. If two variables are uncorrelated, there is no linear relationship between them.
Uncorrelated random variables have a Pearson correlation coefficient, when it exists, of zero, except ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft%20Cell | Soft Cell are an English synthpop duo who came to prominence in the early 1980s. The duo consists of vocalist Marc Almond and instrumentalist David Ball. The band are primarily known for their 1981 hit version of "Tainted Love" and their platinum-selling debut album Non-Stop Erotic Cabaret.
In the United Kingdom, Sof... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20blot | The western blot (sometimes called the protein immunoblot), or western blotting, is a widely used analytical technique in molecular biology and immunogenetics to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract. Besides detecting the proteins, this technique is also utilized to visualize, distinguis... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiled%20language | A compiled language is a programming language whose implementations are typically compilers (translators that generate machine code from source code), and not interpreters (step-by-step executors of source code, where no pre-runtime translation takes place).
The term is somewhat vague. In principle, any language can b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiga%20toxin | Shiga toxins are a family of related toxins with two major groups, Stx1 and Stx2, expressed by genes considered to be part of the genome of lambdoid prophages. The toxins are named after Kiyoshi Shiga, who first described the bacterial origin of dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae. Shiga-like toxin (SLT) is a his... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single%20Cell%20Orchestra | Single Cell Orchestra is the performing name of Miguel Fierro (born Miguel Angelo Fierro), a San Francisco-born musician who has worked for many years in electronic music and techno. His first successful single was "Transmit Liberation", an underground hit that proved influential in the development of trip hop. His fir... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRP | GRP may refer to:
Biochemistry
Gastrin-releasing peptide
Grp78, Grp94, Grp170, glucose-regulated proteins
Grape reaction product
Mathematics
Grp, the Category of groups
Technology and materials
Glass-reinforced-polymer, also known as Fiberglass, or Fibreglass.
Gentoo Reference Platform
Transport
Grove Park ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modularity%20theorem | The modularity theorem (formerly called the Taniyama–Shimura conjecture, Taniyama-Weil conjecture or modularity conjecture for elliptic curves) states that elliptic curves over the field of rational numbers are related to modular forms. Andrew Wiles proved the modularity theorem for semistable elliptic curves, which ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace%20operator | In mathematics, the Laplace operator or Laplacian is a differential operator given by the divergence of the gradient of a scalar function on Euclidean space. It is usually denoted by the symbols , (where is the nabla operator), or . In a Cartesian coordinate system, the Laplacian is given by the sum of second partial... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teiji%20Takagi | Teiji Takagi (高木 貞治 Takagi Teiji, April 21, 1875 – February 28, 1960) was a Japanese mathematician, best known for proving the Takagi existence theorem in class field theory. The Blancmange curve, the graph of a nowhere-differentiable but uniformly continuous function, is also called the Takagi curve after his work on ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null-move%20heuristic | In computer chess programs, the null-move heuristic is a heuristic technique used to enhance the speed of the alpha–beta pruning algorithm.
Rationale
Alpha–beta pruning speeds the minimax algorithm by identifying cutoffs, points in the game tree where the current position is so good for the side to move that best pl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czochralski%20method | The Czochralski method, also Czochralski technique or Czochralski process, is a method of crystal growth used to obtain single crystals of semiconductors (e.g. silicon, germanium and gallium arsenide), metals (e.g. palladium, platinum, silver, gold), salts and synthetic gemstones. The method is named after Polish scien... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf%20Clausius | Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (; 2 January 1822 – 24 August 1888) was a German physicist and mathematician and is considered one of the central founding fathers of the science of thermodynamics. By his restatement of Sadi Carnot's principle known as the Carnot cycle, he gave the theory of heat a truer and sounder basi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gossypol | Gossypol () is a natural phenol derived from the cotton plant (genus Gossypium). Gossypol is a phenolic aldehyde that permeates cells and acts as an inhibitor for several dehydrogenase enzymes. It is a yellow pigment. The structure exhibits atropisomerism, with the two enantiomers having different biochemical propertie... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciphertext | In cryptography, ciphertext or cyphertext is the result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm, called a cipher. Ciphertext is also known as encrypted or encoded information because it contains a form of the original plaintext that is unreadable by a human or computer without the proper cipher to decry... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon%20mapping | In computer graphics, photon mapping is a two-pass global illumination rendering algorithm developed by Henrik Wann Jensen between 1995 and 2001 that approximately solves the rendering equation for integrating light radiance at a given point in space. Rays from the light source (like photons) and rays from the camera a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler | A boiler is a closed vessel in which fluid (generally water) is heated. The fluid does not necessarily boil. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications, including water heating, central heating, boiler-based power generation, cooking, and sanitation.
Heat source... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active-matrix%20liquid-crystal%20display | An active-matrix liquid-crystal display (AMLCD) is a type of flat-panel display used in high-resolution TVs, computer monitors, notebook computers, tablet computers and smartphones with an LCD screen, due to low weight, very good image quality, wide color gamut and fast response time.
The concept of active-matrix LCDs... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot%20control | Robotic control is the system that contributes to the movement of robots. This involves the mechanical aspects and programmable systems that makes it possible to control robots. Robotics can be controlled by various means including manual, wireless, semi-autonomous (a mix of fully automatic and wireless control), and f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20evolution | Molecular evolution is the process of change in the sequence composition of cellular molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins across generations. The field of molecular evolution uses principles of evolutionary biology and population genetics to explain patterns in these changes. Major topics in molecular evolution c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bram%20Moolenaar | Bram Moolenaar (; 1961 – 3 August 2023) was a Dutch software engineer and activist who was the creator, maintainer, and benevolent dictator for life of Vim, a vi-derivative text editor. He advocated for ICCF Holland, a non-governmental organization supporting AIDS victims in Uganda, and used the popularity of Vim to en... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20L%C3%A9onard%20Marie%20Poiseuille | Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille (; 22 April 1797 – 26 December 1869) was a French physicist and physiologist.
Poiseuille was born in Paris, France, and he died there on 26 December 1869.
Fluid flow
From 1815 to 1816 he studied at the École Polytechnique in Paris. He was trained in physics and mathematics. In 1828 he ea... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBA%20%28disambiguation%29 | The Game Boy Advance (GBA) is a 2001 handheld video game system developed by Nintendo.
GBA may also refer to:
Science and technology
Generalized Büchi automaton, in automata theory, a variant of Büchi automaton
Generic Bootstrapping Architecture, a cryptographic technology that enables the authentication of a user
Gl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20molar%20entropy | In chemistry, the standard molar entropy is the entropy content of one mole of pure substance at a standard state of pressure and any temperature of interest. These are often (but not necessarily) chosen to be the standard temperature and pressure.
The standard molar entropy at pressure = is usually given the symbol ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operon | In genetics, an operon is a functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter. The genes are transcribed together into an mRNA strand and either translated together in the cytoplasm, or undergo splicing to create monocistronic mRNAs that are translated separately, i.e. several... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchists%20%28film%29 | Anarchists is a 2000 South Korean action film directed by Yoo Young-sik and co-written by Park Chan-wook. Set in Shanghai in 1924, the film is about the Heroic Corps: a covert cell of insurrectionist anarchists who attempt to overthrow the Japanese government's occupation of Korea through propaganda of the deed. Told f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20geometry | Computational geometry is a branch of computer science devoted to the study of algorithms which can be stated in terms of geometry. Some purely geometrical problems arise out of the study of computational geometric algorithms, and such problems are also considered to be part of computational geometry. While modern comp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20data%20structures | This is a list of well-known data structures. For a wider list of terms, see list of terms relating to algorithms and data structures. For a comparison of running times for a subset of this list see comparison of data structures.
Data types
Primitive types
Boolean, true or false.
Character
Floating-point representa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20line | A spectral line is a weaker or stronger region in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from emission or absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are often used to identify atoms and molecules. These "fingerprints" can be compared to the pre... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equational%20prover | EQP, an abbreviation for equational prover, is an automated theorem proving program for equational logic, developed by the Mathematics and Computer Science Division of the Argonne National Laboratory. It was one of the provers used for solving a longstanding problem posed by Herbert Robbins, namely, whether all Robbin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATI%20Technologies | ATI Technologies Inc. (commonly called ATI) was a Canadian semiconductor technology corporation based in Markham, Ontario, that specialized in the development of graphics processing units and chipsets. Founded in 1985 as Array Technology Inc., the company listed publicly in 1993 and was acquired by AMD in 2006. As a ma... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime%20statistics | Crime statistics refer to systematic, quantitative results about crime, as opposed to crime news or anecdotes. Notably, crime statistics can be the result of two rather different processes:
scientific research, such as criminological studies, victimisation surveys;
official figures, such as published by the police, p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min%20and%20Bill | Min and Bill is a 1930 American pre-Code comedy-drama film, directed by George W. Hill and starring Marie Dressler and Wallace Beery. Adapted by Frances Marion and Marion Jackson from Lorna Moon's 1929 novel Dark Star, the film tells the story of dockside innkeeper Min's tribulations as she tries to protect the innocen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime%20kiln | A lime kiln is a kiln used for the calcination of limestone (calcium carbonate) to produce the form of lime called quicklime (calcium oxide). The chemical equation for this reaction is
CaCO3 + heat → CaO + CO2
This reaction can take place at anywhere above , but is generally considered to occur at (at which temperat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asker | {{Historical populations
|footnote = Source: Statistics Norway.
|shading = off
|1951|13625
|1961|17755
|1971|31702
|1981|35977
|19... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP%20synthase | ATP synthase is a protein that catalyzes the formation of the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). ATP synthase is a molecular machine. The overall reaction catalyzed by ATP synthase is:
ADP + Pi + 2H+out ATP + H2O + 2H+in
ATP synthase ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravenous%20therapy | Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein. The intravenous route of administration is commonly used for rehydration or to provide nutrients for those who cannot, or will not—due to reduced mental states or othe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High%20frequency | High frequency (HF) is the ITU designation for the range of radio frequency electromagnetic waves (radio waves) between 3 and 30 megahertz (MHz). It is also known as the decameter band or decameter wave as its wavelengths range from one to ten decameters (ten to one hundred meters). Frequencies immediately below HF are... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthilf%20Hagen | Gotthilf Heinrich Ludwig Hagen (3 March 1797 – 3 February 1884) was a German civil engineer who made important contributions to fluid dynamics, hydraulic engineering and probability theory.
Life and work
Hagen was born in Königsberg, East Prussia (Kaliningrad, Russia) to Friedrich Ludwig Hagen and Helene Charlotte Alb... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Immanuel%20Nitzsch | Karl Immanuel Nitzsch (21 September 1787, Borna – 21 August 1868, Berlin) was a German Lutheran church leader. He was the father of theologian Friedrich August Nitzsch.
Biography
He was born in the small Saxon town of Borna near Leipzig. His father, Karl Ludwig Nitzsch, at that time pastor and superintendent in Born... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPSS | SPSS Statistics is a statistical software suite developed by IBM for data management, advanced analytics, multivariate analysis, business intelligence, and criminal investigation. Long produced by SPSS Inc., it was acquired by IBM in 2009. Versions of the software released since 2015 have the brand name IBM SPSS Statis... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-hair%20theorem | The no-hair theorem states that all stationary black hole solutions of the Einstein–Maxwell equations of gravitation and electromagnetism in general relativity can be completely characterized by only three independent externally observable classical parameters: mass, electric charge, and angular momentum. Other charact... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floater | Floaters or eye floaters are sometimes visible deposits (e.g., the shadows of tiny structures of protein or other cell debris projected onto the retina) within the eye's vitreous humour ("the vitreous"), which is normally transparent, or between the vitreous and retina.
They can become particularly noticeable when loo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H8%20Family | The Hitachi H8 is a large family of 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit microcontrollers made by Renesas Technology, originating in the early 1990s within Hitachi Semiconductor. The original design, the H8/300, was an 8-bit processor that had a 16-bit registers and ALU that allowed some 16-bit operations. Two upgraded versions we... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helix | A helix (; ) is a shape like a corkscrew or spiral staircase. It is a type of smooth space curve with tangent lines at a constant angle to a fixed axis. Helices are important in biology, as the DNA molecule is formed as two intertwined helices, and many proteins have helical substructures, known as alpha helices. The w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairchild%20Semiconductor | Fairchild Semiconductor International, Inc. was an American semiconductor company based in San Jose, California. It was founded in 1957 as a division of Fairchild Camera and Instrument by the "traitorous eight" who defected from Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory. It became a pioneer in the manufacturing of transistors ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic%20equation | In algebra, a cubic equation in one variable is an equation of the form
in which is nonzero.
The solutions of this equation are called roots of the cubic function defined by the left-hand side of the equation. If all of the coefficients , , , and of the cubic equation are real numbers, then it has at least one real... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno%20de%20Finetti | Bruno de Finetti (13 June 1906 – 20 July 1985) was an Italian probabilist statistician and actuary, noted for the "operational subjective" conception of probability. The classic exposition of his distinctive theory is the 1937 , which discussed probability founded on the coherence of betting odds and the consequences o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Finetti%27s%20theorem | In probability theory, de Finetti's theorem states that exchangeable observations are conditionally independent relative to some latent variable. An epistemic probability distribution could then be assigned to this variable. It is named in honor of Bruno de Finetti.
For the special case of an exchangeable sequence of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypergeometric%20distribution | In probability theory and statistics, the hypergeometric distribution is a discrete probability distribution that describes the probability of successes (random draws for which the object drawn has a specified feature) in draws, without replacement, from a finite population of size that contains exactly objects wit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalman%20filter | For statistics and control theory, Kalman filtering, also known as linear quadratic estimation (LQE), is an algorithm that uses a series of measurements observed over time, including statistical noise and other inaccuracies, and produces estimates of unknown variables that tend to be more accurate than those based on a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated-Rediffusion | Associated-Rediffusion, later Rediffusion London, was the British ITV franchise holder for London and parts of the surrounding counties, on weekdays between 22 September 1955 and 29 July 1968. It was the first ITA franchisee to go on air, and one of the "Big Four" companies that between them produced the majority of IT... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyristor | A thyristor () is a solid-state semiconductor device with four layers of alternating P- and N-type materials used for high-power applications. It acts as a bistable switch (or a latch). There are two designs, differing in what triggers the conducting state. In a three-lead thyristor, a small current on its gate lead co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20islands%20of%20Sweden | This is a list of islands of Sweden. According to 2013 statistics report there are in total 267,570 islands in Sweden, fewer than 1000 of which are inhabited. Their total area is 1.2 million hectares, which corresponds to 3 percent of the total land area of Sweden.
Rough population statistics are from 2015.
Ordered b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundcover | Groundcover or ground cover is any plant that grows over an area of ground. Groundcover provides protection of the topsoil from erosion and drought.
In an ecosystem, the ground cover forms the layer of vegetation below the shrub layer known as the herbaceous layer. The most widespread ground covers are grasses of vari... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knaster%E2%80%93Tarski%20theorem | In the mathematical areas of order and lattice theory, the Knaster–Tarski theorem, named after Bronisław Knaster and Alfred Tarski, states the following:
Let (L, ≤) be a complete lattice and let f : L → L be an order-preserving (monotonic) function w.r.t. ≤ . Then the set of fixed points of f in L forms a compl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%20gas | A Fermi gas is an idealized model, an ensemble of many non-interacting fermions. Fermions are particles that obey Fermi–Dirac statistics, like electrons, protons, and neutrons, and, in general, particles with half-integer spin. These statistics determine the energy distribution of fermions in a Fermi gas in thermal equ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen%20carrier | A hydrogen carrier is an organic macromolecule that transports atoms of hydrogen from one place to another inside a cell or from cell to cell for use in various metabolical processes. Examples include NADPH, NADH, and FADH. The main role of these is to transport hydrogen atom to electron transport chain which will chan... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney%20Darlington | Sidney Darlington (July 18, 1906 – October 31, 1997) was an American electrical engineer and inventor of a transistor configuration in 1953, the Darlington pair. He advanced the state of network theory, developing the insertion-loss synthesis approach, and invented chirp radar, bombsights, and gun and rocket guidance.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food%20energy | Food energy is chemical energy that animals (including humans) derive from their food to sustain their metabolism, including their muscular activity.
Most animals derive most of their energy from aerobic respiration, namely combining the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins with oxygen from air or dissolved in water. Ot... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium%E2%80%93potassium%20pump | The sodium–potassium pump (sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase, also known as -ATPase, pump, or sodium–potassium ATPase) is an enzyme (an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase) found in the membrane of all animal cells. It performs several functions in cell physiology.
The -ATPase enzyme is active (i.e. it uses ene... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrrole | Pyrrole is a heterocyclic, aromatic, organic compound, a five-membered ring with the formula . It is a colorless volatile liquid that darkens readily upon exposure to air. Substituted derivatives are also called pyrroles, e.g., N-methylpyrrole, . Porphobilinogen, a trisubstituted pyrrole, is the biosynthetic precursor ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithification | Lithification (from the Ancient Greek word lithos meaning 'rock' and the Latin-derived suffix -ific) is the process in which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid rock. Essentially, lithification is a process of porosity destruction through compaction and cementation. Lithi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nernst%20heat%20theorem | The Nernst heat theorem was formulated by Walther Nernst early in the twentieth century and was used in the development of the third law of thermodynamics.
The theorem
The Nernst heat theorem says that as absolute zero is approached, the entropy change ΔS for a chemical or physical transformation approaches 0. This ... |
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