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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone%20d%27%C3%A9tudes%20et%20d%27am%C3%A9nagement%20du%20territoire
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In 1967 the (French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies, INSEE), together with the French Commissariat général and DATAR () declared the nominal division of France into eight large regions. These were named (Research and National Development Zones) or ZEAT.
Until 2016, the ZEAT corresponded to the first level in the European Union Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS 1).
External links
ZEAT
ZEAT
Types of geographical division
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single%20crystal
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In materials science, a single crystal (or single-crystal solid or monocrystalline solid) is a material in which the crystal lattice of the entire sample is continuous and unbroken to the edges of the sample, with no grain boundaries. The absence of the defects associated with grain boundaries can give monocrystals unique properties, particularly mechanical, optical and electrical, which can also be anisotropic, depending on the type of crystallographic structure. These properties, in addition to making some gems precious, are industrially used in technological applications, especially in optics and electronics.
Because entropic effects favor the presence of some imperfections in the microstructure of solids, such as impurities, inhomogeneous strain and crystallographic defects such as dislocations, perfect single crystals of meaningful size are exceedingly rare in nature. The necessary laboratory conditions often add to the cost of production. On the other hand, imperfect single crystals can reach enormous sizes in nature: several mineral species such as beryl, gypsum and feldspars are known to have produced crystals several meters across.
The opposite of a single crystal is an amorphous structure where the atomic position is limited to short-range order only. In between the two extremes exist polycrystalline, which is made up of a number of smaller crystals known as crystallites, and paracrystalline phases. Single crystals will usually have distinctive plane faces and som
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sati
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Sati or SATI may refer to:
Entertainment
Sati (film), a 1989 Bengali film by Aparna Sen and starring Shabana Azmi
Sati (novel), a 1990 novel by Christopher Pike
Sati (singer) (born 1976), Lithuanian singer
Sati, a character in The Matrix Revolutions
Institutes
Samrat Ashok Technological Institute, a college in Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh, India
South African Translators' Institute, an association in South Africa representing translators and other language practitioners
Places
Sati (castle), a medieval fortified town near Shkodër, Albania
Hesar-e Sati, a village in Shahriar County, Tehran Province, Iran
Sati-ye Olya, a village in Ardabil Province, Iran
Sati-ye Sofla, a village in Ardabil Province, Iran
Sati-ye Vosta, a village in Ardabil Province, Iran
Religion
Sati (Hindu goddess), Shiva's first wife, and after her death, reincarnated as Shiva's next wife, Parvati
Sati (Buddhism), awareness or skillful attentiveness in Buddhism
Sati (practice), an old Hindu tradition of a widow immolating herself after her husband's death, usually on her husband's funeral pyre
Satis (goddess) or Sati, an Egyptian goddess
See also
Sade Sati, the -year-long period of Saturn (Shani)
Sarti, an Italian language surname
Sat (Sanskrit), a Sanskrit word meaning the true essence of an entity, species or existence
Satis (disambiguation)
Satti, a tribe found in Muree, Kotli sattian, Kahuta and adjoining areas of Rawalpindi Punjab, Pakistan
Satti (food), a common barbeque in the southern Phili
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCM%20mode
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CCM mode (counter with cipher block chaining message authentication code; counter with CBC-MAC) is a mode of operation for cryptographic block ciphers. It is an authenticated encryption algorithm designed to provide both authentication and confidentiality. CCM mode is only defined for block ciphers with a block length of 128 bits.
The nonce of CCM must be carefully chosen to never be used more than once for a given key.
This is because CCM is a derivation of counter (CTR) mode and the latter is effectively a stream cipher.
Encryption and authentication
As the name suggests, CCM mode combines counter (CTR) mode for confidentiality with cipher block chaining message authentication code (CBC-MAC) for authentication. These two primitives are applied in an "authenticate-then-encrypt" manner: CBC-MAC is first computed on the message to obtain a message authentication code (MAC), then the message and the MAC are encrypted using counter mode. The main insight is that the same encryption key can be used for both, provided that the counter values used in the encryption do not collide with the (pre-)initialization vector used in the authentication. A proof of security exists for this combination, based on the security of the underlying block cipher. The proof also applies to a generalization of CCM for any block size, and for any size of cryptographically strong pseudo-random function (since in both counter mode and CBC-MAC, the block cipher is only ever used in one direction).
CC
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuity
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Continuity or continuous may refer to:
Mathematics
Continuity (mathematics), the opposing concept to discreteness; common examples include
Continuous probability distribution or random variable in probability and statistics
Continuous game, a generalization of games used in game theory
Law of continuity, a heuristic principle of Gottfried Leibniz
Continuous function, in particular:
Continuity (topology), a generalization to functions between topological spaces
Scott continuity, for functions between posets
Continuity (set theory), for functions between ordinals
Continuity (category theory), for functors
Graph continuity, for payoff functions in game theory
Continuity theorem may refer to one of two results:
Lévy's continuity theorem, on random variables
Kolmogorov continuity theorem, on stochastic processes
In geometry:
Parametric continuity, for parametrised curves
Geometric continuity, a concept primarily applied to the conic sections and related shapes
In probability theory
Continuous stochastic process
Science
Continuity equations applicable to conservation of mass, energy, momentum, electric charge and other conserved quantities
Continuity test for an unbroken electrical path in an electronic circuit or connector
In materials science:
a colloidal system, consists of a dispersed phase evenly intermixed with a continuous phase
a continuous wave, an electromagnetic wave of constant amplitude and frequency
Entertainment
Continuity (broadcasting),
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20group
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The cell group is a form of church organization that is used in many Christian churches. Cell groups are generally intended to teach the Bible and personalize Christian fellowship. They are always used in cell churches, but also occur in parachurch organizations and other interdenominational settings, where they are usually referred to as such as Bible study groups. In Methodism, they are known as class meetings and are a means of grace; in Catholicism, they are known as basic ecclesial communities.
The cell group differs from the house church in that the group is part of an overall church congregation, whereas the house church is a self-contained congregation.
Terminology
The term cell group is derived from biology: the cell is the basic unit of life in a body. In a metaphorical sense, just as a body is made up of many cells that give it life, the cell church is made of cell groups that give it life.
These groups are known by a variety of other names, including life groups, small groups, home groups, classes or class meetings (used historically in Methodism) and fellowship groups.
Colin Marshall uses the term growth group, suggesting that the aim is for group members to "grow in Christ", and, through the group, for the gospel to "grow and bear fruit."
Another term, typically employed in Missional Communities, is huddle. This refers to a small group in which discipleship is emphasized and in which membership is by invitation only.
History
Christian Bible
David Hunsick
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic%20semiconductor
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An intrinsic (pure) semiconductor, also called an undoped semiconductor or i-type semiconductor, is a pure semiconductor without any significant dopant species present. The number of charge carriers is therefore determined by the properties of the material itself instead of the amount of impurities. In intrinsic semiconductors the number of excited electrons and the number of holes are equal: n = p. This may be the case even after doping the semiconductor, though only if it is doped with both donors and acceptors equally. In this case, n = p still holds, and the semiconductor remains intrinsic, though doped. This means that some conductors are both intrinsic as well as extrinsic but only if n (electron donor dopant/excited electrons) is equal to p (electron acceptor dopant/vacant holes that act as positive charges).
The electrical conductivity of chemically pure semiconductors can still be affected by crystallographic defects of technological origin (like vacancies), some of which can behave similar to dopants. Their effect can often be neglected, though, and the number of electrons in the conduction band is then exactly equal to the number of holes in the valence band. The conduction of current of intrinsic semiconductor is enabled purely by electron excitation across the band-gap, which is usually small at room temperature except for narrow-bandgap semiconductors, like .
The conductivity of a semiconductor can be modeled in terms of the band theory of solids. The band mo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector%20sum%20excited%20linear%20prediction
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Vector sum excited linear prediction (VSELP) is a speech coding method used in several cellular standards. The VSELP algorithm is an analysis-by-synthesis coding technique and belongs to the class of speech coding algorithms known as CELP (Code Excited Linear Prediction).
Variations of this codec have been used in several 2G cellular telephony standards, including IS-54, IS-136 (D-AMPS), GSM (Half Rate speech) and iDEN. It was also used in the first version of RealAudio for audio over the Internet. The IS-54 VSELP standard was published by the Telecommunications Industry Association in 1989.
D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136) VSELP specifies an encoding of each 20 ms of speech into 159-bit frames, thus achieving a raw data rate of 7.95 kbit/s. In an actual TDMA cell phone, the vocoder output is packaged with error correction and signaling information, resulting in an over-the-air data rate of 16.2 kbit/s. For internet audio, each 159-bit frame is stored in 20 bytes, leaving 1 bit unused. The resulting file thus has a data rate of exactly 8 kbit/s.
GSM half-rate VSELP (GSM 06.20) uses 20 ms frames with 112 bits per frame, giving a raw data rate of 5.6 kbit/s. The iDEN VSELP coder has three modes:
30 ms frames at 126 bits per frame with a raw data rate of 4.2 kbit/s,
22.5 ms frames at 99 bits per frame with a raw data rate of 4.4 kbit/s and
22.5 ms frames at 180 bits per frame with a raw data rate of 8.0 kbit/s.
A major drawback of VSELP is its limited ability to encode non-spe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic%20%28geodemography%29
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Mosaic is Experian's system for geodemographic classification of households. It applies the principles of geodemography to consumer household and individual data collated from a number of government and commercial sources. The statistical development of the system was led by professor Richard Webber in association with Experian in the 1980s, and it has been regularly refreshed and reclassified since then, each based on more recent data from national censuses and other sources. Since its initial development in the UK, the Mosaic brand name has also been used to market separate products which classify other national consumers including most of Western Europe, USA, selected Asian regions and Australia.
The initial UK version was based at the postcode level, which would cover an average of 20 properties with the same code. More recent versions have been developed at the individual household level and offer more accurate classification based on specific characteristics of each household. The 2009 Mosaic UK version, for example, classified the UK population into 15 main socio-economic groups and, within this, 67 different types.
Professor Webber also developed the competing ACORN system with CACI. Both Mosaic and Acorn have found application outside their original purpose of direct marketing, including governmental estimates and forecasts, and it is regularly employed by life insurance companies and pension funds in the UK to assess longevity for pricing and reserving. Both are a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Develo
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The Develo (デベロ) is an official Japanese PC Engine hobbyist development accessory for NEC's console. It includes a C compiler and an assembler. Some games made with this kit were published on demo discs, such as Frisbee Ken John.
NEC consoles
Video game development software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesterone%20receptor
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The progesterone receptor (PR), also known as NR3C3 or nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 3, is a protein found inside cells. It is activated by the steroid hormone progesterone.
In humans, PR is encoded by a single PGR gene residing on chromosome 11q22, it has two isoforms, PR-A and PR-B, that differ in their molecular weight. The PR-B is the positive regulator of the effects of progesterone, while PR-A serve to antagonize the effects of PR-B.
Mechanism
Progesterone is necessary to induce activation of the progesterone receptors. When no binding hormone is present the carboxyl terminal inhibits transcription. Binding to a hormone induces a structural change that removes the inhibitory action. Progesterone antagonists prevent the structural reconfiguration.
After progesterone binds to the receptor, restructuring with dimerization follows and the complex enters the nucleus and binds to DNA. There transcription takes place, resulting in formation of messenger RNA that is translated by ribosomes to produce specific proteins.
Structure
In common with other steroid receptors, the progesterone receptor has a N-terminal regulatory domain, a DNA binding domain, a hinge section, and a C-terminal ligand binding domain. A special transcription activation function (TAF), called TAF-3, is present in the progesterone receptor-B, in a B-upstream segment (BUS) at the amino acid terminal. This segment is not present in the receptor-A.
Isoforms
As demonstrated in progesteron
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocortisone%20acetate
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Hydrocortisone acetate is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid and a corticosteroid ester.
The acetate group helps to protect the hydrocortisone molecule from being broken down by enzymes in the body (prolongs the duration of action of hydrocortisone) and allows it to be absorbed more easily.
Oral bioavailability
Hydrocortisone has a lower bioavailability than hydrocortisone acetate when taken orally, because hydrocortisone is rapidly metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys before reaching its target tissue. On the other hand, hydrocortisone acetate is more stable and less susceptible to metabolism, allowing a higher proportion of the drug to be absorbed and reach systemic circulation. Therefore, hydrocortisone acetate is often preferred for oral administration over hydrocortisone.
References
Corticosteroid esters
Glucocorticoids
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airlink%20%28Papua%20New%20Guinea%29
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Airlink was an airline based in Madang, Papua New Guinea that ceased operations in late July 2007. It provided high-frequency scheduled and charter services to outlying regions of Papua New Guinea. Its main base was Madang Airport, with hubs at Rabaul Airport, Kavieng Airport, Wewak International Airport and Mount Hagen Airport.
Code data
IATA Code: ND
History
The airline was established in 1989 and started scheduled operations in June 1990. It bought out the assets of Talair in the New Guinea Islands Region in October 1990. The company suffered considerable hardships due to the 1994 Rabaul volcanic eruptions, including the loss of four aircraft.
Accidents and incidents
On 30 March 2007, an Airlink Embraer EMB-110-P1 Bandeirante carrying newspapers crashed in West New Britain province between Gasmata and Kandrian. Both pilots were instantly killed whilst faulty maintenance is suspected.
Two weeks later on 13 April 2007, Airlink Flight P2ALK, a Cessna 404 Titan crashed on landing at Goroka Airport. The three women and the pilot on board survived. The plane was in a holding pattern over the airport and waiting for low clouds to lift. Pilot error is believed to be the cause as the pilot proceeded to land in the wrong direction on a one-way strip and overran the runway.
Airlink suffered two fatal crashes in 1999, when an Islander crashed near Hoskins in West New Britain Province, killing all aboard, and a couple of months later when an Embraer EMB-110-P1 Bandeirante flew
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumble%20%28noise%29
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A rumble is a continuous deep, resonant sound, such as the sound made by heavy vehicles or thunder. In the context of audio reproduction rumble refers to a low frequency sound from the bearings inside a turntable. This is most noticeable in low quality turntables with ball bearings. Higher quality turntables use slide bearings, minimizing rumble.
Some phono pre-amplifiers implement a rumble filter, in an attempt to remove the noise. A heavier platter can also help dampen this.
Rumble measurement is carried out on turntables (for vinyl recordings) which tend to generate very low frequency noise originating from the centre bearing and from drive pulleys or belts, as well as from irregularities in the record disc itself.
It can be heard as low-frequency noise and becomes a serious problem when playing records on audio systems with a good low-frequency response. Even when not audible, rumble can cause intermodulation, modulating of the amplitude of other frequencies. The ‘unweighted’ response curve is intended for use in assessing the level of inaudible rumble with such intermodulation in mind.
Turntable design
One way to reduce rumble is to make the turntable very heavy, so that it acts as mechanical damper or low-pass filter, but even with the best turntables a lot of rumble tends to be generated by warped records or pressing irregularities sometimes visible as ‘bobbles’ in the surface. An important factor affecting rumble is low-frequency resonance resulting from pickup
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farid%20F.%20Abraham
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Farid F. Abraham (born May 5, 1937) is an American scientist.
He has pioneered new methods of using computer modeling in the fields of fracture mechanics, membrane dynamics and phase transformation behavior of matter. He has written two textbooks and over 200 papers published in international journals. He won the Aneesur Rahman Prize in Computational Physics, which is the highest prize given by the American Physical Society.
Biography
Abraham is a native of Phoenix, Arizona and received both his B.S. (1959) and Ph.D. (1962) degrees in physics from the University of Arizona. He spent two postdoctoral years (1962–63) at the Enrico Fermi Institute at the University of Chicago and two years as a research scientist at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California. He joined IBM in 1966 as a staff member at its Palo Alto Scientific Center. In 1971, he was named the first Consulting Professor at Stanford University and developed a graduate course in computational applied science in its Materials Science Department. In 1972, he moved to the IBM Research Division's San Jose Research Laboratory, known since 1985 as the Almaden Research Center. During 1994, he held the Sandoval Vallarta Chair at the Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana in Mexico City.
For the period of 1995 to 2003, he was awarded several computer grants at the National Science Foundation Computational Centers and Department of Defence Grand Challenge Grants at the Maui High Performance Computing Center (
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FSSP
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FSSP may refer to:
Families of structurally similar proteins, a protein structures database
Federal Bailiffs Service (Russia), abbreviated FSSP in Russian
Firing squad synchronization problem, a problem in computer science and cellular automata
Frances Slocum State Park, a state park in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania
Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter, a society of traditionalist Catholic priests and seminarians
Fresh Start Schools Programme, a programme for schools in South Africa
Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe, a class of optical instruments designed to measure size and concentration of particles suspended in the air (such as cloud droplets)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrna%20Mack
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Myrna Mack Chang (24 October 1949 – 11 September 1990) was a Guatemalan anthropologist. In 1990, she was stabbed to death by elements in the Guatemalan military due to her criticism of the Guatemala government's treatment of the indigenous Maya, and human rights abuses against the people in general.
Due to her sister's pursuit of justice, Mack's killer was convicted and upper-level superiors tried in precedent-setting cases before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in Costa Rica. In 2004 the government of Guatemala acknowledged its responsibility and paid her family financial compensation.
Biography
Myrna Mack Chang was born in Barrio San Nicolás, Retalhuleu Department, in southwest Guatemala. Her mother was Chinese and her father was Mayan. Myrna had a younger sister, Helen. After attending local schools, the elder Mack went abroad for college. She studied anthropology in the United Kingdom, at both the University of Manchester and Durham University.
Upon returning to Guatemala, Mack conducted fieldwork among several of the many Maya campesino communities who were uprooted during the Civil War. She became sympathetic to their cause and became more of a human rights activist. As she was working closely with the indigenous peoples, she learned about the attacks made against them by government forces.
Death
On 11 September 1990, Mack was assassinated outside her office in Guatemala City. She was stabbed 27 times by an armed forces death squad (allegedly trained at the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium%20propionate
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Sodium propanoate or sodium propionate is the sodium salt of propionic acid which has the chemical formula Na(C2H5COO). This white crystalline solid is deliquescent in moist air.
Reactions
It is produced by the reaction of propionic acid and sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide.
Uses
It is used as a food preservative and is represented by the food labeling E number E281 in Europe; it is used primarily as a mold inhibitor in bakery products. It is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, USA and Australia and New Zealand (where it is listed by its INS number 281).
Structure
Anhydrous sodium propionate is a polymeric structure, featuring trigonal prismatic Na+ centers bonded to six oxygen ligands provided by the carboxylates. A layered structure is observed, with the hydrophobic ethyl groups projecting into the layered galleries. With hydrated sodium propionate, some of these Na-carboxylate linkages are displaced by water.
See also
Propionic acid, E 280
Calcium propionate, E 282
Potassium propionate, E 283
References
External links
Sodium propanoate at Sci-toys.com
Propionates
Organic sodium salts
E-number additives
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clery%20Act
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The Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act or Clery Act, signed in 1990, is a federal statute codified at , with implementing regulations in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations at .
The Clery Act requires all colleges and universities that participate in federal financial aid programs to keep and disclose information about crime on and near their respective campuses. Compliance is monitored by the United States Department of Education, which can impose civil penalties, up to $67,544 per violation, against institutions for each infraction and can suspend institutions from participating in federal student financial aid programs.
The law is named after Jeanne Clery, a 19-year-old Lehigh University student who was raped and murdered in her campus residence hall in 1986. Her murder triggered a backlash against unreported crime on campuses across the country.
Jeanne Clery
Josoph M. Henry, another student, raped and murdered Jeanne Clery in April 1986 in Stoughton Hall at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Henry was given a death sentence via the electric chair by a trial court, a decision which was upheld by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court when appealed. The attack on Clery was one of 38 violent crimes recorded at the university in three years. Her parents argued that, had the university's crime record been known, Clery would not have attended. They sued, were awarded $2 million, and founded Security on Campus, a non-profit
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu%20Yifei
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Crystal Liu (born An Feng; August 25, 1987), better known by her stage name Liu Yifei (), is a Chinese-American actress, singer, and model. She has appeared multiple times on Forbes China Celebrity 100 list and was named one of the New Four Dan actresses of China in 2009. She is widely known as "Fairy Sister" in China.
In 2020, Liu became known to international audiences for starring as the titular character in the Disney live-action film Mulan. The role earned her nominations for a Critics' Choice Super Award, a Kids' Choice Award and a Saturn Award.
Early life
Liu was born in Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, Hubei as An Feng (). She is an only child. Her father is An Shaokang (), a 1st Secretary in the Chinese Embassy in France and a French language university professor from Beijing, and her mother is Liu Xiaoli (), a dancer and stage performer from Hubei. Her parents divorced when she was 10 years old, and she was raised solely by her mother. That same year, she adopted her mother's surname and changed her name to "Liu Ximeizi" (). Her godfather is Chen Jinfei (), the Chairman of Beijing Tongchan Investment Group.
In 1997, when Liu was 10 years old, she and her mother immigrated to the United States. She lived in Queens, New York City where she attended Louis Pasteur Middle School 67. In 2002, she returned to China to pursue an acting career and took the stage name "Liu Yifei" (). Several weeks after returning to China, Liu was accepted into the Performance Institute of Beiji
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphazoline
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Naphazoline is a medicine used as a decongestant, and a vasoconstrictor added to eye drops to relieve red eye. It has a rapid action in reducing swelling when applied to mucous membranes. It is a sympathomimetic agent with marked alpha adrenergic activity that acts on alpha-receptors in the arterioles of the conjunctiva to produce constriction, resulting in decreased congestion.
It was patented in 1934 and came into medical use in 1942.
Medical uses
Nasal administration
Nasal decongestant.
Ophthalmic drug administration
Eye drops (brand names Clear Eyes, and Cleari) narrowing swollen blood vessels (ophthalmic arteries, and ophthalmic veins) to relieve red eye.
Temporary red eye can safely be treated when the cause of the redness is established (eg cannabis induces corneal vasodilation)[Insufficient Bibliography]. However, continuous use is not recommended without knowing an underlying condition.
Side effects
A few warnings and contraindications that apply to all naphazoline-containing substances intended for medicinal use are:
Hypersensitivity to naphazoline
Use in infants and children can result in central nervous system depression, leading to coma and marked reduction in body temperature
Should be used with caution in patients with severe cardiovascular disease including cardiac arrhythmia and in patients with diabetes, especially those with a tendency toward diabetic ketoacidosis
A possible association with stroke has been suggested.
Nasal administration
Exte
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20bird%20species%20described%20in%20the%202000s
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This page details the bird species described as new to science in the years 2000 to 2010:
Summary statistics
Number of species described per year
Countries with high numbers of newly described species
Brazil
Colombia
Peru
Indonesia
The birds, year-by-year
2000
Foothill elaenia, Myiopagis olallai
Coopmans, P. & Krabbe, N. (2000) A new species of flycatcher (Tyrannidae: Myiopagis) from eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru Wilson Bulletin 112: 305–312
Caatinga antwren, Herpsilochmus sellowi
Whitney, B.M.; Pacheco, J.F.; Buzzetti, D.R.C. & Parrini, R. (2000) Systematic revision and biogeography of the Herpsilochmus pileatus complex, with description of a new species from northeastern Brazil Auk 117: 869–891
Taiwan bush-warbler, Bradypterus alishanensis
Rasmussen, P.C.; Round, P.D.; Dickinson, E.C. & Rozendaal, F.G. (2000) A new bush-warbler (Sylviidae, Bradypterus) from Taiwan The Auk 117: 279–289
Scarlet-banded barbet or Wallace's scarlet-banded barbet, Capito wallacei
O'Neill, Lane, Kratter, Capparella & Fox Joo, 2000.
Gunnison sage-grouse, Centrocercus minimus
Young, Braun, Oyler-McCance, Hupp & Quinn, 2000.
Newly split species:
Gray-crested cacholote, Pseudoseisura unirufa, formerly included in the Caatinga cacholote
Zimmer, Kevin J. & Whittaker, Andrew (2000): The Rufous Cacholote (Furnariidae: Pseudoseisura) is two species. Condor 102(2): 409–422. PDF fulltext
2001
Bukidnon woodcock, Scolopax bukidnonensis, from Mindanao and Luzon, Philippines.
Kennedy, Ro
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphan%20receptor
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In biochemistry, an orphan receptor is a protein that has a similar structure to other identified receptors but whose endogenous ligand has not yet been identified. If a ligand for an orphan receptor is later discovered, the receptor is referred to as an "adopted orphan". Conversely, the term orphan ligand refers to a biological ligand whose cognate receptor has not yet been identified.
Examples
Examples of orphan receptors are found in the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and nuclear receptor families.
If an endogenous ligand is found, the orphan receptor is "adopted" or "de-orphanized". An example is the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the GPCR TGR5/GPCR19/G protein-coupled bile acid receptor, both of which are activated by bile acids. Adopted orphan receptors in the nuclear receptor group include FXR, liver X receptor (LXR), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). Another example of an orphan receptor site is the PCP binding site in the NMDA receptor, a type of ligand-gated ion channel. This site is where the recreational drug PCP works, but no endogenous ligand is known to bind to this site.
GPCR orphan receptors are usually given the name "GPR" followed by a number, for example GPR1. In the GPCR family, nearly 100 receptor-like genes remain orphans.
Discovery
Historically, receptors were discovered by using ligands to "fish" for their receptors. Hence, by definition, these receptors were not orphans. However, with modern molecular bi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belonger%20status
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Belonger status is a legal classification normally associated with British Overseas Territories. It refers to people who have close ties to a specific territory, normally by birth or ancestry. The requirements for belonger status, and the rights that it confers, vary from territory to territory.
Rights
The rights associated with belonger status normally include the right to vote, to hold elected office, to own real property without the necessity for a licence, to enter and reside in that territory without immigration restrictions, and to freely accept employment without the requirement of a work permit. In general, to be born with belonger status a person must be born in a territory to a parent who holds belonger status. Belonger status can sometimes be passed to a child born outside the territory, but this is purposely limited, to minimise the number of belongers who will not live in the territory. In most independent countries, these rights would be associated with citizenship or nationality. However, as the British Overseas Territories are not independent countries, they cannot confer citizenship. Instead, people with close ties to Britain's Overseas Territories all hold the same nationality: British Overseas Territories Citizen (BOTC). The status of BOTC is defined by the British Nationality Act 1981 and subsequent amendments.
BOTC, however, does not confer any right to live in any British Overseas Territory, including the territory from which it is derived. It is the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1ramo
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Páramo () may refer to a variety of alpine tundra ecosystems located in the Andes Mountain Range, South America. Some ecologists describe the páramo broadly as "all high, tropical, montane vegetation above the continuous timberline". A narrower term classifies the páramo according to its regional placement in the northern Andes of South America and adjacent southern Central America. The páramo is the ecosystem of the regions above the continuous forest line, yet below the permanent snowline. It is a "Neotropical high mountain biome with a vegetation composed mainly of giant rosette plants, shrubs and grasses". According to scientists, páramos may be "evolutionary hot spots", that meaning that it's among the fastest evolving regions on Earth.
Location
The Northern Andean Páramo global ecoregion includes the Cordillera Central páramo (Ecuador, Peru), Santa Marta páramo (Colombia), Cordillera de Merida páramo (Venezuela) and Northern Andean páramo (Colombia, Ecuador) terrestrial ecoregions.
The Costa Rican páramo in Costa Rica and Panama is another páramo ecoregion.
In the strictest sense of the term, all páramo ecosystems are in the Neotropics, specifically South and Central America. Scattered throughout the regions between 11°N and 8°S latitudes, these ecosystems are mainly in the northwest corner of South America, in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
In Venezuela, the páramo occurs in the Cordillera de Mérida. Páramo ecosystems are also found in the Sierra Nevada d
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceh%20%28disambiguation%29
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Aceh is a province of Indonesia.
Aceh or ACEH may also refer to:
Aceh Sultanate
Aceh cattle
Mie Aceh
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, an enzyme
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960%20in%20Singapore
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The following lists events that happened during 1960 in Singapore.
Statistics
Births
There were 61770 recorded births
Deaths
There were 10210 recorded deaths.
Incumbents
Yang di-Pertuan Negara – Yusof Ishak
Prime Minister – Lee Kuan Yew
Events
February
1 February – The Housing and Development Board is set up by Lim Kim San, replacing the Singapore Improvement Trust. The Planning Authority takes over SIT's functions of land use in Singapore.
July
1 July – The People's Association is formed.
September
6 September – The National Library launches a new mobile library service.
8 September – Tan Howe Liang wins a silver medal during the 1960 Summer Olympics.
November
12 November – The Old National Library Building (demolished in 2004) was opened.
Date unknown
– Far East Organization, a property developer was founded.
Births
7 January – Hong Huifang, actress.
24 January – Jack Neo, film director.
17 March – Ruth Langsford, presenter in the United Kingdom.
29 March – Paddy Chew, actor (d. 1999).
20 June – Jeremy Monteiro, singer.
19 August – Wee Siew Kim, former politician.
24 November – Shirley Ng, sports shooter.
Isa Kamari, author.
See also
List of years in Singapore
References
Singapore
Years in Singapore
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateaux%20derivative
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In mathematics, the Gateaux differential or Gateaux derivative is a generalization of the concept of directional derivative in differential calculus. Named after René Gateaux, a French mathematician who died at age 25 in World War I, it is defined for functions between locally convex topological vector spaces such as Banach spaces. Like the Fréchet derivative on a Banach space, the Gateaux differential is often used to formalize the functional derivative commonly used in the calculus of variations and physics.
Unlike other forms of derivatives, the Gateaux differential of a function may be nonlinear. However, often the definition of the Gateaux differential also requires that it be a continuous linear transformation. Some authors, such as , draw a further distinction between the Gateaux differential (which may be nonlinear) and the Gateaux derivative (which they take to be linear). In most applications, continuous linearity follows from some more primitive condition which is natural to the particular setting, such as imposing complex differentiability in the context of infinite dimensional holomorphy or continuous differentiability in nonlinear analysis.
Definition
Suppose and are locally convex topological vector spaces (for example, Banach spaces), is open, and The Gateaux differential of at in the direction is defined as
If the limit exists for all then one says that is Gateaux differentiable at
The limit appearing in () is taken relative to the topolo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Past%20life%20regression
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Past life regression is a method that uses hypnosis to recover what practitioners believe are memories of past lives or incarnations. The practice is widely considered discredited and unscientific by medical practitioners, and experts generally regard claims of recovered memories of past lives as fantasies or delusions or a type of confabulation. Past-life regression is typically undertaken either in pursuit of a spiritual experience, or in a psychotherapeutic setting. Most advocates loosely adhere to beliefs about reincarnation, though religious traditions that incorporate reincarnation generally do not include the idea of repressed memories of past lives.
The technique used during past-life regression involves the subject answering a series of questions while hypnotized to reveal identity and events of alleged past lives, a method similar to that used in recovered memory therapy and one that, similarly, often misrepresents memory as a faithful recording of previous events rather than a constructed set of recollections. The use of hypnosis and suggestive questions can tend to leave the subject particularly likely to hold distorted or false memories. The source of the memories is more likely cryptomnesia and confabulations that combine experiences, knowledge, imagination and suggestion or guidance from the hypnotist than recall of a previous existence. Once created, those memories are indistinguishable from memories based on events that occurred during the subject's life. I
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Lake%20South%20High%20School
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Crystal Lake South High School, often referred to as "South" or "CLS," is one of three high schools in Crystal Lake, Illinois, and currently has a body of roughly 1916 students. As Crystal Lake's second oldest school, it was constructed from 1976 to 1978 and opened in September 1978 after Crystal Lake Community High School, now Crystal Lake Central High School, split into two schools due to the pressures of the population growth in the communities it served, Crystal Lake, a part of Lake in the Hills and a small portion of Algonquin. South graduated its first class in 1979 - this class consisted of approximately 250 seniors who were transferred from Crystal Lake Central High School. South graduated its first class who attended all four years in 1982.
After the community's school split, the South Gators and Central Tigers became rivals in the Fox Valley Conference. Though recently, focus of rivalry has primarily shifted to the Cary-Grove High School Trojans and the Prairie Ridge Wolves due to vastly increased competition in football games between the two schools. However, an underlying tone of competition still vibrates between the two Crystal Lake schools.
The city of Crystal Lake has grown rapidly since South first opened it doors. The school reached its structural capacity in 2002. A new addition opened for the 2003-2004 school year, with several dozen new classrooms. However, due to the phenomenal growth of the city, the addition was already insufficient by the 2005-2
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20urban-format%20radio%20stations%20in%20the%20United%20States
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The classification of urban-formatted radio stations range from the radio formats of rhythmic contemporary hit radio to Urban contemporary gospel. Though urban contemporary was the originator of the format, there have come to be many variations of the format in the last 30 years.
Alabama
Birmingham
WAGG/WENN – Heaven 610 WAGG – Urban contemporary gospel
WATV – V-94.9 – Urban contemporary
WJLD – AM 1400 WJLD – Urban oldies/Blues
WBHJ – 95.7 Jamz – Rhythmic contemporary hit radio (Urban contemporary hit radio)
WBHK – 98.7 Kiss FM – Urban adult contemporary
WMJJ-HD2 – 104.1 The Beat – Mainstream urban
WUHT – Hot 107.7 – Urban adult contemporary
WERC-HD2 – Hallelujah 105.1 – Urban contemporary gospel
WERC-HD3 – B106.5 – Urban adult contemporary
WDXB-HD2/W224CK - Birmingham's BIN 92.7 - Black-oriented news
Mobile
WGOK – Gospel 900 – Urban contemporary gospel
WBLX-FM – 93BLX – Urban contemporary
WDLT-FM – 104.1 WDLT – Urban adult contemporary
WRGV - 107.3 The Beat - Mainstream urban
WMXC-HD2 - 100.3 Hallelujah FM - Urban Gospel
WZEW HD-3 - 92.5 The Soul Of Mobile - Urban Oldies
WASG - AM 540 - Urban gospel
WERM - Gospel 1220 - Urban gospel
Huntsville
WDJL – Gospel Explosions 1000 AM – Urban Gospel
WEUP – Worship 94.5 – Urban contemporary gospel and urban adult contemporary
WEUV – Worship 94.5 - simulcasts WEUP (AM) – Urban contemporary gospel and urban adult contemporary
WHIY – AM 1600 Party Oldies & Blues – Urban Oldies, Blues
WEUP-FM – 103.1 WEUP – Ma
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor%20unit%20recruitment
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Motor unit recruitment is the activation of additional motor units to accomplish an increase in contractile strength in a muscle.
A motor unit consists of one motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it stimulates. All muscles consist of a number of motor units and the fibers belonging to a motor unit are dispersed and intermingle amongst fibers of other units. The muscle fibers belonging to one motor unit can be spread throughout part, or most of the entire muscle, depending on the number of fibers and size of the muscle. When a motor neuron is activated, all of the muscle fibers innervated by the motor neuron are stimulated and contract.
The activation of one motor neuron will result in a weak but distributed muscle contraction. The activation of more motor neurons will result in more muscle fibers being activated, and therefore a stronger muscle contraction. Motor unit recruitment is a measure of how many motor neurons are activated in a particular muscle, and therefore is a measure of how many muscle fibers of that muscle are activated. The higher the recruitment the stronger the muscle contraction will be. Motor units are generally recruited in order of smallest to largest (smallest motor neurons to largest motor neurons, and thus slow to fast twitch) as contraction increases. This is known as Henneman's size principle.
Neuronal mechanism of recruitment
Henneman proposed that the mechanism underlying the size principle was that the smaller motor neurons had a small
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAC%20Cresco
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The PAC Cresco is a turboprop-powered derivative of the Fletcher FU-24 (later called the PAC Fletcher) aerial topdressing aircraft, manufactured by the Pacific Aerospace Corporation in Hamilton, New Zealand. The Cresco was superseded by the PAC P-750 XSTOL in the early 21st century, but in 2019 was returned to production with the first new aircraft being completed 3 December 2020.
Design and development
The Cresco is a low-wing monoplane which, like the Fletcher but unlike most topdressers, has tricycle undercarriage and places the cabin forward of the hopper, at the leading edge of the wing - which gives the pilot of the Cresco a good field of vision. The high-lift wing has pronounced dihedral on the outer span. The prototype Cresco (ZK-LTP) had an all-moving tailplane, but was lost when the tailplane separated in flight, (the pilot parachuting to safety). Subsequent aircraft have had conventional tails.
Sales of the Cresco were not as impressive as those of the piston-engine powered Fletcher, with only 39 examples being built before production was terminated. The Cresco has been sold in several countries and has pioneered new utility roles not explored by the Fletcher. Although used primarily to spread superphosphate fertiliser, the Cresco is also used in the utility role, especially as a skydiving platform, where its fast rate of climb () has made it popular, and as a firefighting water bomber, a role it can perform with little alteration from its standard agricultur
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterative%20deepening%20A%2A
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Iterative deepening A* (IDA*) is a graph traversal and path search algorithm that can find the shortest path between a designated start node and any member of a set of goal nodes in a weighted graph. It is a variant of iterative deepening depth-first search that borrows the idea to use a heuristic function to conservatively estimate the remaining cost to get to the goal from the A* search algorithm. Since it is a depth-first search algorithm, its memory usage is lower than in A*, but unlike ordinary iterative deepening search, it concentrates on exploring the most promising nodes and thus does not go to the same depth everywhere in the search tree. Unlike A*, IDA* does not utilize dynamic programming and therefore often ends up exploring the same nodes many times.
While the standard iterative deepening depth-first search uses search depth as the cutoff for each iteration, the IDA* uses the more informative , where is the cost to travel from the root to node and is a problem-specific heuristic estimate of the cost to travel from to the goal.
The algorithm was first described by Richard Korf in 1985.
Description
Iterative-deepening-A* works as follows: at each iteration, perform a depth-first search, cutting off a branch when its total cost exceeds a given threshold. This threshold starts at the estimate of the cost at the initial state, and increases for each iteration of the algorithm. At each iteration, the threshold used for the next iteration is the minimum cost
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carath%C3%A9odory%27s%20theorem%20%28conformal%20mapping%29
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In mathematics, Carathéodory's theorem is a theorem in complex analysis, named after Constantin Carathéodory, which extends the Riemann mapping theorem. The theorem, first proved in 1913, states that any conformal mapping sending the unit disk to some region in the complex plane bounded by a Jordan curve extends continuously to a homeomorphism from the unit circle onto the Jordan curve. The result is one of Carathéodory's results on prime ends and the boundary behaviour of univalent holomorphic functions.
Proofs of Carathéodory's theorem
The first proof of Carathéodory's theorem presented here is a summary of the short self-contained account in ; there are related proofs in and .
Clearly if f admits an extension to a homeomorphism, then ∂U must be a Jordan curve.
Conversely if ∂U is a Jordan curve, the first step is to prove f extends continuously to the closure of D. In fact this will hold if and only if f is uniformly continuous on D: for this is true if it has a continuous extension to the closure of D; and, if f is uniformly continuous, it is easy to check f has limits on the unit circle and the same inequalities for uniform continuity hold on the closure of D.
Suppose that f is not uniformly continuous. In this case there must be an ε > 0 and a point ζ on the unit circle and sequences zn, wn tending to ζ with |f(zn) − f(wn)| ≥ 2ε. This is shown below to lead to a contradiction, so that f must be uniformly continuous and hence has a continuous extension to the clos
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusin%27s%20theorem
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In the mathematical field of real analysis, Lusin's theorem (or Luzin's theorem, named for Nikolai Luzin) or Lusin's criterion states that an almost-everywhere finite function is measurable if and only if it is a continuous function on nearly all its domain. In the informal formulation of J. E. Littlewood, "every measurable function is nearly continuous".
Classical statement
For an interval [a, b], let
be a measurable function. Then, for every ε > 0, there exists a compact E ⊆ [a, b] such that f restricted to E is continuous and
Note that E inherits the subspace topology from [a, b]; continuity of f restricted to E is defined using this topology.
Also for any function f, defined on the interval [a, b] and almost-everywhere finite, if for any ε > 0 there is a function ϕ, continuous on [a, b], such that the measure of the set
is less than ε, then f is measurable.
General form
Let be a Radon measure space and Y be a second-countable topological space equipped with a Borel algebra, and let be a measurable function. Given , for every of finite measure there is a closed set with such that restricted to is continuous.
On the proof
The proof of Lusin's theorem can be found in many classical books. Intuitively, one expects it as a consequence of Egorov's theorem and density of smooth functions. Egorov's theorem states that pointwise convergence is nearly uniform, and uniform convergence preserves continuity.
References
Sources
N. Lusin. Sur les propriétés des fonction
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetragonal%20polycrystalline%20zirconia
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Yttria blends of approximately 3% are called either tetragonal polycrystalline zirconia or tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (forming the initialisms TZP or TPZ) and have the finest grain size. These grades exhibit the highest toughness at room temperature, because they are nearly 100% tetragonal, but this degrades severely between 200 and 500 °C as these irreversible crystal transformations also cause dimensional change.
See also
Zirconium dioxide
References
Yttrium compounds
Zirconium dioxide
Ceramic materials
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationary%20wavelet%20transform
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The Stationary wavelet transform (SWT) is a wavelet transform algorithm designed to overcome the lack of translation-invariance of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Translation-invariance is achieved by removing the downsamplers and upsamplers in the DWT and upsampling the filter coefficients by a factor of in the th level of the algorithm. The SWT is an inherently redundant scheme as the output of each level of SWT contains the same number of samples as the input – so for a decomposition of N levels there is a redundancy of N in the wavelet coefficients. This algorithm is more famously known as "algorithme à trous" in French (word trous means holes in English) which refers to inserting zeros in the filters. It was introduced by Holschneider et al.
Implementation
The following block diagram depicts the digital implementation of SWT.
In the above diagram, filters in each level are up-sampled versions of the previous (see figure below).
KIT
Applications
A few applications of SWT are specified below.
Signal denoising
Pattern recognition
Brain image classification
Pathological brain detection
Synonyms
Redundant wavelet transform
Algorithme à trous
Quasi-continuous wavelet transform
Translation invariant wavelet transform
Shift invariant wavelet transform
Cycle spinning
Maximal overlap wavelet transform (MODWT)
Undecimated wavelet transform (UWT)
See also
wavelet transform
wavelet entropy
wavelet packet decomposition
References
Wavelets
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapyrrole
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Tetrapyrroles are a class of chemical compounds that contain four pyrrole or pyrrole-like rings. The pyrrole/pyrrole derivatives are linked by (=- or -- units), in either a linear or a cyclic fashion. Pyrroles are a five-atom ring with four carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. Tetrapyrroles are common cofactors in biochemistry and their biosynthesis and degradation feature prominently in the chemistry of life.
Some tetrapyrroles form the active core of compounds with crucial biochemical roles in living systems, such as hemoglobin and chlorophyll. In these two molecules, in particular, the pyrrole macrocycle ring frames a metal atom, that forms a coordination compound with the pyrroles and plays a central role in the biochemical function of those molecules.
Structure
Linear tetrapyrroles (called bilanes) include:
Heme breakdown products (e.g., bilirubin, biliverdin)
Phycobilins (found in cyanobacteria)
Luciferins as found in dinoflagellates and euphausiid shrimps (krill)
Cyclic tetrapyrroles having four one-carbon bridges include:
Porphin, the simplest tetrapyrrole
Porphyrins, including heme, the core of hemoglobin
Chlorins, including those at the core of chlorophyll.
Cyclic tetrapyrroles having three one-carbon bridges and one direct bond between the pyrroles include:
Corrins, including the cores of cobalamins, when complexed with a cobalt ion.
The tetrapyrrole portions of the molecules typically act as chromophores because of a high degree of conjugation in them. The
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrolepiidae
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The Acrolepiidae are a family of moths known as false diamondback moths. In modern classifications, they are often treated as a subfamily (Acrolepiinae) of the family Glyphipterigidae.
Caterpillars are typically spotted and 10 to 12 mm in length. Adults have a wingspan between 16 and 18 mm and are generally nocturnal.
Species
Some representative species are:
Acrolepia aiea, Swezey 1933
Acrolepia alliella, Sato 1979
Acrolepia autumnitella, Curtis 1838
Acrolepia nothocestri, Busck 1914
Acrolepiopsis assectella, Zeller, 1839
Acrolepiopsis betulella, Curtis 1838
Acrolepiopsis incertella, Chambers 1872
Acrolepiopsis marcidella, Curtis 1850
Acrolepiopsis sapporensis, Matsumura 1931
Acrolepiopsis tauricella, Staudinger 1870
Acrolepiopsis vesperella, Zeller 1850
Digitivalva arnicella, Heyden 1863
Digitivalva eglanteriella, Mann 1855
Digitivalva granitella, Treitschke 1833
Digitivalva occidentella, Klimesch 1956
Digitivalva pulicariae, Klimesch 1956
Digitivalva reticulella, Hübner 1796
References
Gaedike R. (1969). Contribution for the knowledge of the Acrolepiidae Fauna of the Balkan Peninsula
Carter, D. (1984). Pest Lepidoptera of Europe. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Boston.
External links
Microleps U.S.A.(Nearctic)
Naturhistoriska riksmuseet Imago, genitalia images
Taxa named by Hermann von Heinemann
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombs%20of%20the%20Nobles%20%28Amarna%29
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Located in Middle Egypt, the Tombs of the Nobles at Amarna are the burial places of some of the powerful courtiers and persons of the city of Akhetaten.
The tombs are in two groups, cut into the cliffs and bluffs in the east of the dry bay of Akhetaten. There are 25 major tombs, many of them decorated and with their owners name, some are small and unfinished, others modest and unassuming. Each seems to reflect the personality and patronage of the tomb's original owner.
Northern tombs
These tombs are located in two groups in the cliffs overlooking the city of Akhetaten, to the north and east of the city. They are split into two groups by a wadi, and are near one of the Boundary Stelae (Stela V).
Desert altars
At a short distance to the west and north of the Northern Tombs lie the remains of three large mud-brick solar altars in the form of platforms with ramps. The reason for their location is not clear. Their connection with an ancient road leading to the Northern Tombs would seem to be a sign that they were for the benefit of those buried in them.
Southern tombs
The southern tombs are located in a series of low bluffs south and east of the main city. Associated with these tombs a recently discovered workers cemetery has been found.
Rediscovery and excavation
Some of the tombs have obviously been open since antiquity, and have been used variously as burial places in the Ptolemaic times, storehouses, houses and as Coptic churches.
See also
Anonymous Tombs in Amarna
N
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenin
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Catenins are a family of proteins found in complexes with cadherin cell adhesion molecules of animal cells. The first two catenins that were identified became known as α-catenin and β-catenin. α-Catenin can bind to β-catenin and can also bind filamentous actin (F-actin). β-Catenin binds directly to the cytoplasmic tail of classical cadherins. Additional catenins such as γ-catenin and δ-catenin have been identified. The name "catenin" was originally selected ('catena' means 'chain' in Latin) because it was suspected that catenins might link cadherins to the cytoskeleton.
Types
α-catenin
β-catenin
γ-catenin
δ-catenin
All but α-catenin contain armadillo repeats. They exhibit a high degree of protein dynamics, alone or in complex.
Function
Several types of catenins work with N-cadherins to play an important role in learning and memory.
Cell-cell adhesion complexes are required for simple epithelia in higher organisms to maintain structure, function and polarity. These complexes, which help regulate cell growth in addition to creating and maintaining epithelial layers, are known as adherens junctions and they typically include at least cadherin, β-catenin, and α-catenin. Catenins play roles in cellular organization and polarity long before the development and incorporation of Wnt signaling pathways and cadherins.
The primary mechanical role of catenins is to connect cadherins to actin filaments, such as the adhesion junctions of epithelial cells. Most studies investiga
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinculin
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In mammalian cells, vinculin is a membrane-cytoskeletal protein in focal adhesion plaques that is involved in linkage of integrin adhesion molecules to the actin cytoskeleton. Vinculin is a cytoskeletal protein associated with cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions, where it is thought to function as one of several interacting proteins involved in anchoring F-actin to the membrane.
Discovered independently by Benny Geiger and Keith Burridge, its sequence is 20%–30% similar to α-catenin, which serves a similar function.
Binding alternately to talin or α-actinin, vinculin's shape and, as a consequence, its binding properties are changed. The vinculin gene occurs as a single copy and what appears to be no close relative to take over functions in its absence. Its splice variant metavinculin (see below) also needs vinculin to heterodimerize and work in a dependent fashion.
Structure
Vinculin is a 117-kDa cytoskeletal protein with 1066 amino acids. The protein contains an acidic N-terminal domain and a basic C-terminal domain separated by a proline-rich middle segment. Vinculin consists of a globular head domain that contains binding sites for talin and α-actinin as well as a tyrosine phosphorylation site, while the tail region contains binding sites for F-actin, paxillin, and lipids.
Essentially, there is an 835 amino acid N-terminal head, which is split into four domains. This is linked to the C-terminal tail with a linker region.
The recent discovery of the 3D structure she
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20der%20Woude%20syndrome
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Van der Woude syndrome (VDWS) is a genetic disorder characterized by the combination of lower lip pits, cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P), and cleft palate only (CPO). The frequency of orofacial clefts ranges from 1:1000 to 1:500 births worldwide, and there are more than 400 syndromes that involve CL/P. VWS is distinct from other clefting syndromes due to the combination of cleft lip and palate (CLP) and CPO within the same family. Other features frequently associated with VWS include hypodontia in 10-81% of cases, narrow arched palate, congenital heart disease, heart murmur and cerebral abnormalities, syndactyly of the hands, polythelia, ankyloglossia, and adhesions between the upper and lower gum pads.
The association between lower lip pits and cleft lip and/or palate was first described by Anne Van der Woude in 1954. The worldwide disease incidence ranges from 1:100,000 to 1:40,000.
Genetics
Van der Woude syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant disease caused by a mutation in a single gene with equal distribution between the sexes. The disease has high penetrance at about 96% but the phenotypic expression varies from lower lip pits with cleft lip and cleft palate to no visible abnormalities. Approximately 88% of VWS patients display lower lip pits, and in about 64% of cases lip pits are the only visible defect. Reported clefting covers a wide range including submucous cleft palate, incomplete unilateral CL, bifid uvula, and complete bilateral CLP.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous%20peoples%20of%20the%20Southeastern%20Woodlands
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Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, Southeastern cultures, or Southeast Indians are an ethnographic classification for Native Americans who have traditionally inhabited the area now part of the Southeastern United States and the northeastern border of Mexico, that share common cultural traits. This classification is a part of the Eastern Woodlands. The concept of a southeastern cultural region was developed by anthropologists, beginning with Otis Mason and Franz Boas in 1887. The boundaries of the region are defined more by shared cultural traits than by geographic distinctions. Because the cultures gradually instead of abruptly shift into Plains, Prairie, or Northeastern Woodlands cultures, scholars do not always agree on the exact limits of the Southeastern Woodland culture region. Shawnee, Powhatan, Waco, Tawakoni, Tonkawa, Karankawa, Quapaw, and Mosopelea are usually seen as marginally southeastern and their traditional lands represent the borders of the cultural region.
The area was linguistically diverse, major language groups were Caddoan and Muskogean, besides a number of language isolates.
List of peoples
Acolapissa (Colapissa), Louisiana and Mississippi
Ais, eastern coastal Florida
Alafay (Alafia, Pojoy, Pohoy, Costas Alafeyes, Alafaya Costas), Florida
Amacano, Florida west coast
Apalachee, northwestern Florida
Atakapa (Attacapa), Louisiana west coast and Texas southeastern coast
Akokisa, Texas southeast coast
Bidai, Texas southeast coast
Deadose,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20North%20Wind%20and%20the%20Sun
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The North Wind and the Sun is one of Aesop's Fables (Perry Index 46). It is type 298 (Wind and Sun) in the Aarne–Thompson folktale classification. The moral it teaches about the superiority of persuasion over force has made the story widely known. It has also become a chosen text for phonetic transcriptions.
Story and application
The story concerns a competition between the North Wind and the Sun to decide which is the stronger of the two. The challenge was to make a passing traveler remove his cloak. However hard the North Wind blew, the traveler only wrapped his cloak tighter to keep warm, but when the Sun shone, the traveler was overcome with heat and soon took his cloak off.
The fable was well known in Ancient Greece; Athenaeus records that Hieronymus of Rhodes, in his Historical Notes, quoted an epigram of Sophocles against Euripides that parodied the story of Helios and Boreas. It related how Sophocles had his cloak stolen by a boy to whom he had made love. Euripides joked that he had had that boy too, and it did not cost him anything. Sophocles' reply satirises the adulteries of Euripides:
It was the Sun, and not a boy, whose heat stripped me naked;
as for you, Euripides, when you were kissing someone else's wife
the North Wind screwed . You are unwise, you who sow
in another's field, to accuse Eros of being a snatch-thief.
The Latin version of the fable first appeared centuries later in Avianus, as De Vento et Sole (Of the Wind and the Sun, Fable 4); early versio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adna%2C%20Washington
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Adna is an unincorporated community located in Lewis County, Washington.
Etymology
An early resident, J.G. Browning named the town "Willoway" for the saying "Where there's a will, there's a way", the favorite saying of his wife, Edna. In 1892, the town's name was changed by the railroad to Pamona to distinguish it from the Willapa townsite. However, the town was required to change the name again as another Pomona, Washington existed.
Two different versions for arriving at the current, official name are recorded. Historical archives indicate that the moniker was chosen as "Edna", after Edna Browning, with the first letter subsequently changed because a post office, Edna, was already in use. Other research has the town renamed by a railway superintendent on behalf of a family member, Adna Marian, in 1894.
Geography
Adna is located next to the Chehalis River and is southwest of Chehalis. The town of Littell is 1.5 miles to the east. The town straddles Washington State Route 6. A paved parking lot and trailhead are located in Adna for access to the Willapa Hills Trail.
Government and politics
Politics
Adna is recognized as being majority Republican and conservative.
The 2020 election included votes for candidates of the Libertarian Party and there were 10 votes for write-in candidates.
Education
Adna is home to the Adna School District, which includes two schools: Adna Elementary and Adna Middle/High School. One of the first schools to serve Adna was built in 1893 and w
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte%20nuclear%20factor%204
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HNF4 (Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4) is a nuclear receptor protein mostly expressed in the liver, gut, kidney, and pancreatic beta cells that is critical for liver development. In humans, there are two paralogs of HNF4, HNF4α and HNF4γ, encoded by two separate genes and respectively.
Ligands
HNF4 was originally classified as an orphan receptor that exhibits constitutive transactivation activity apparently by being continuously bound to a variety of fatty acids. The existence of a ligand for HNF4 has been somewhat controversial, but linoleic acid (LA) has been identified as the endogenous ligand of native HNF4 expressed in mouse liver; the binding of LA to HNF4 is reversible.
The ligand binding domain of HNF4, as with other nuclear receptors, adopts a canonical alpha helical sandwich fold and interacts with co-activator proteins.
HNF4 binds to the consensus sequence AGGTCAaAGGTCA in order to activate transcription.
Pathology
Mutations in the HNF4A gene have been linked to maturity onset diabetes of the young 1 (MODY1).
This seems to be caused by HNF4-a's role in the synthesis of SHBG, which is known to be severely diminished in patients with insulin-resistance.
See also
Hepatocyte nuclear factors
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A
References
External links
Intracellular receptors
Transcription factors
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum-shift%20keying
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In digital modulation, minimum-shift keying (MSK) is a type of continuous-phase frequency-shift keying that was developed in the late 1950s by Collins Radio employees Melvin L. Doelz and Earl T. Heald. Similar to OQPSK, MSK is encoded with bits alternating between quadrature components, with the Q component delayed by half the symbol period.
However, instead of square pulses as OQPSK uses, MSK encodes each bit as a half sinusoid. This results in a constant-modulus signal (constant envelope signal), which reduces problems caused by non-linear distortion. In addition to being viewed as related to OQPSK, MSK can also be viewed as a continuous-phase frequency-shift keyed (CPFSK) signal with a frequency separation of one-half the bit rate.
In MSK the difference between the higher and lower frequency is identical to half the bit rate. Consequently, the waveforms used to represent a 0 and a 1 bit differ by exactly half a carrier period. Thus, the maximum frequency deviation is where fm is the maximum modulating frequency. As a result, the modulation index m is 0.5. This is the smallest FSK modulation index that can be chosen such that the waveforms for 0 and 1 are orthogonal. A variant of MSK called Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK) is used in the GSM mobile phone standard.
Mathematical representation
The resulting signal is represented by the formula:
where and encode the even and odd information respectively with a sequence of square pulses of duration 2T. has i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheometer
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A rheometer is a laboratory device used to measure the way in which a viscous fluid (a liquid, suspension or slurry) flows in response to applied forces. It is used for those fluids which cannot be defined by a single value of viscosity and therefore require more parameters to be set and measured than is the case for a viscometer. It measures the rheology of the fluid.
There are two distinctively different types of rheometers. Rheometers that control the applied shear stress or shear strain are called rotational or shear rheometers, whereas rheometers that apply extensional stress or extensional strain are extensional rheometers.
Rotational or shear type rheometers are usually designed as either a native strain-controlled instrument (control and apply a user-defined shear strain which can then measure the resulting shear stress) or a native stress-controlled instrument (control and apply a user-defined shear stress and measure the resulting shear strain).
Meanings and origin
The word rheometer comes from the Greek, and means a device for measuring main flow. In the 19th century it was commonly used for devices to measure electric current, until the word was supplanted by galvanometer and ammeter. It was also used for the measurement of the flow of liquids, in medical practice (flow of blood) and in civil engineering (flow of water). This latter use persisted to the second half of the 20th century in some areas. Following the coining of the term rheology the word came
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telluric%20acid
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Telluric acid, or more accurately Orthotelluric acid, is a chemical compound with the formula , often written as . It is a white crystalline solid made up of octahedral molecules which persist in aqueous solution. In the solid state, there are two forms, rhombohedral and monoclinic, and both contain octahedral molecules, containing one hexavalent tellurium (Te) atom in the +6 oxidation state, attached to six hydroxyl (–OH) groups, thus, it can be called tellurium(VI) hydroxide.
Telluric acid is a weak acid which is dibasic, forming tellurate salts with strong bases and hydrogen tellurate salts with weaker bases or upon hydrolysis of tellurates in water. It is used as tellurium-source in the synthesis of oxidation catalysts.
Preparation
Telluric acid is formed by the oxidation of tellurium or tellurium dioxide with a powerful oxidising agent such as hydrogen peroxide, chromium trioxide or sodium peroxide.
Crystallization of telluric acid solutions below 10 °C gives telluric acid tetrahydrate .
It is an oxidising agent, as shown by the electrode potential for the reaction below, although it is kinetically slow in its oxidations.
, Eo = +1.02 V
Chlorine, by comparison, is +1.36 V and selenous acid is +0.74 V in oxidizing conditions.
Properties and reactions
The anhydrous acid is stable in air at 100 °C but above this it dehydrates to form polymetatelluric acid, a white hygroscopic powder (approximate composition ), and allotelluric acid, an acid syrup of unknown structure
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volley%20theory
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Volley theory states that groups of neurons of the auditory system respond to a sound by firing action potentials slightly out of phase with one another so that when combined, a greater frequency of sound can be encoded and sent to the brain to be analyzed. The theory was proposed by Ernest Wever and Charles Bray in 1930 as a supplement to the frequency theory of hearing. It was later discovered that this only occurs in response to sounds that are about 500 Hz to 5000 Hz.
Description
The volley theory was explained in depth in Ernest Wever's 1949 book, Theory of Hearing Groups of neurons in the cochlea individually fire at subharmonic frequencies of a sound being heard and collectively phase-lock to match the total frequencies of the sound. The reason for this is that neurons can only fire at a maximum of about 500 Hz but other theories of hearing did not explain for hearing sounds below about 5000 Hz.
Harmonic spectrums
Sounds are often sums of multiple frequency tones. When these frequencies are whole number multiples of a fundamental frequency they create a harmonic. When groups of auditory neurons are presented with harmonics, each neuron fires at one frequency and when combined, the entire harmonic is encoded into the primary auditory cortex of the brain. This is the basis of volley theory.
Phase-locking
Phase-locking is known as matching amplitude times to a certain phase of another waveform. In the case of auditory neurons, this means firing an action potential at
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonfinite%20verb
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A nonfinite verb, in contrast to a finite verb, is a derivative form of a verb that lacks inflection (conjugation) for number or person. In the English language, the nonfinite verb cannot perform action as the main verb of an independent clause, while in French, the first verb is typically the only finite one. In English, nonfinite verbs include infinitives, participles and gerunds. Nonfinite verb forms in some other languages include converbs, gerundives and supines. The categories of mood, tense, and or voice may be absent from non-finite verb forms in some languages.
Because English lacks most inflectional morphology, the finite and the nonfinite forms of a verb may appear the same in a given context.
Examples
In the following sentences, the non-finite verbs are emphasized, while the finite verbs are underlined.
Verbs appear in almost all sentences.
This sentence is illustrating finite and non-finite verbs.
The dog will have to be trained well.
Tom promised to try to do the work.
The case has been intensively examined today.
What did they want to have done about that?
Someone tried to refuse to accept the offer.
Coming downstairs, she saw the man running away.
I am trying to get the tickets.
In the above sentences, been, examined and done are past participles, want, have, refuse, accept and get are infinitives, and coming, running and trying are present participles (for alternative terminology, see the sections below).
In languages like English that have lit
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypokinesia
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Hypokinesia is one of the classifications of movement disorders, and refers to decreased bodily movement. Hypokinesia is characterized by a partial or complete loss of muscle movement due to a disruption in the basal ganglia. Hypokinesia is a symptom of Parkinson's disease shown as muscle rigidity and an inability to produce movement. It is also associated with mental health disorders and prolonged inactivity due to illness, amongst other diseases.
The other category of movement disorder is hyperkinesia that features an exaggeration of unwanted movement, such as twitching or writhing in Huntington's disease or Tourette syndrome.
Spectrum of disorders
Hypokinesia describes a variety of more specific disorders:
Causes
The most common cause of Hypokinesia is Parkinson's disease, and conditions related to Parkinson's disease.
Other conditions may also cause slowness of movements. These include hypothyroidism and severe depression. These conditions need to be carefully ruled out, before a diagnosis of Parkinsonism is made.
The remainder of this article describes Hypokinesia associated with Parkinson's disease, and conditions related to Parkinson's disease.
Pathophysiology
Associated neurotransmitters
Dopamine
The main neurotransmitter thought to be involved in hypokinesia is dopamine. Essential to the basal ganglionic-thalamocortical loop, which processes motor function, dopamine depletion is common in these areas of hypokinesic patients. Bradykinesia is correlated with
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pityriasis
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Pityriasis commonly refers to flaking (or scaling) of the skin. The word comes from the Greek πίτυρον "bran".
Classification
Types include:
Pityriasis alba, dry, fine-scaled, pale patches on the face
Pityriasis lichenoides chronica, caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to infectious agents
Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta, a disease of the immune system
Pityriasis rosea, a type of skin rash
Pityriasis circinata,
Pityriasis rubra pilaris, reddish-orange patches (Latin: rubra) on the skin
Pityriasis versicolor, a skin eruption on the trunk and proximal extremities, usually caused by a fungus
Dandruff, historically called Pityriasis capitis
Pityriasis amiantacea, condition of the scalp in which thick tenaciously adherent scale infiltrates and surrounds the base of a group of scalp hairs
See also
Desquamation
List of cutaneous conditions
References
External links
Dermatologic terminology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilhard%20Mitscherlich
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Eilhard Mitscherlich (; 7 January 179428 August 1863) was a German chemist, who is perhaps best remembered today for his discovery of the phenomenon of crystallographic isomorphism in 1819.
Early life and work
Mitscherlich was born at Neuende (now a part of Wilhelmshaven) in the Lordship of Jever, where his father was pastor. His uncle, Christoph Wilhelm Mitscherlich (1760–1854), professor at the University of Göttingen, was in his day a celebrated scholar. Eilhard Mitscherlich was educated at Jever by the historian Friedrich Christoph Schlosser, and in 1811 went to the University of Heidelberg devoting himself to philology, with an emphasis on the Persian language. In 1813 he went to Paris to seek permission to join the embassy which Napoleon I of France was establishing in Persia.
The abdication of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1814 put an end to this, and Mitscherlich resolved to study medicine in order that he might enjoy that freedom of travel usually allowed in the East to physicians. He began at Göttingen with the study of chemistry, and this so arrested his attention that he gave up his idea of traveling to Persia. From his days in Göttingen dates the treatise on certain parts of Eurasian history, compiled from manuscripts found in the university library and published in Persian and Latin in 1814, under the title Mirchondi historia Thaheridarum historicis nostris hucusque incognitorum Persiae principum.
In 1818 Mitscherlich went to Berlin and worked in the laboratory of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinorelbine
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Vinorelbine (NVB), sold under the brand name Navelbine among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. It is given by injection into a vein or by mouth.
Common side effects include bone marrow suppression, pain at the site of injection, vomiting, feeling tired, numbness, and diarrhea. Other serious side effects include shortness of breath. Use during pregnancy may harm the baby. Vinorelbine is in the vinca alkaloid family of medications. It is believed to work by disrupting the normal function of microtubules and thereby stopping cell division.
Vinorelbine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1994. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Medical uses
Vinorelbine is approved for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. It is used off-label for other cancers such as metastatic breast cancer. It is also active in rhabdomyosarcoma.
Side effects
Vinorelbine has a number of side-effects that can limit its use:
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (a progressive, enduring and often irreversible tingling numbness, intense pain, and hypersensitivity to cold, beginning in the hands and feet and sometimes involving the arms and legs), lowered resistance to infection, bruising or bleeding, anaemia, constipation, vomitings, diarrhea, nausea, tiredness and a general feeling of weakness (asthenia), inflammation of the vein into which
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilayer%20perceptron
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A multilayer perceptron (MLP) is a misnomer for a modern feedforward artificial neural network, consisting of fully connected neurons with a nonlinear kind of activation function, organized in at least three layers, notable for being able to distinguish data that is not linearly separable. It is a misnomer because the original perceptron used a Heaviside step function, instead of a nonlinear kind of activation function (used by modern networks).
Modern feedforward networks are trained using the backpropagation method and are colloquially referred to as the "vanilla" neural networks.
Timeline
In 1958, a layered network of perceptrons, consisting of an input layer, a hidden layer with randomized weights that did not learn, and an output layer with learning connections, was introduced already by Frank Rosenblatt in his book Perceptron. This extreme learning machine was not yet a deep learning network.
In 1965, the first deep-learning feedforward network, not yet using stochastic gradient descent, was published by Alexey Grigorevich Ivakhnenko and Valentin Lapa, at the time called the Group Method of Data Handling.
In 1967, a deep-learning network, which used stochastic gradient descent for the first time, able to classify non-linearily separable pattern classes, was published by Shun'ichi Amari. Amari's student Saito conducted the computer experiments, using a five-layered feedforward network with two learning layers.
In 1970, modern backpropagation method, an efficie
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementary%20code%20keying
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Complementary code keying (CCK) is a modulation scheme used with wireless networks (WLANs) that employ the IEEE 802.11b specification. In 1999, CCK was adopted to supplement the Barker code in wireless digital networks to achieve data rate higher than 2 Mbit/s at the expense of shorter distance. This is due to the shorter chipping sequence in CCK (8 bits versus 11 bits in Barker code) that means less spreading to obtain higher data rate but more susceptible to narrowband interference resulting in shorter radio transmission range. Beside shorter chipping sequence, CCK also has more chipping sequences to encode more bits (4 chipping sequences at 5.5 Mbit/s and 8 chipping sequences at 11 Mbit/s) increasing the data rate even further. The Barker code, however, only has a single chipping sequence.
The complementary codes first discussed by Golay were pairs of binary complementary codes and he noted that when the elements of a code of length N were either [−1 or 1] it followed immediately from their definition that the sum of their respective autocorrelation sequences was zero at all points except for the zero shift where it is equal to K×N. (K being the number of code words in the set).
CCK is a variation and improvement on M-ary Orthogonal Keying and uses 'polyphase complementary codes'. They were developed by Lucent Technologies and Harris Semiconductor and were adopted by the 802.11 working group in 1998. CCK is the form of modulation used when 802.11b operates at either 5.5
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job%20security
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Job security is the probability that an individual will keep their job; a job with a high level of security is such that a person with the job would have a small chance of losing it. Many factors threaten job security: globalization, outsourcing, downsizing, recession, and new technology, to name a few.
Basic economic theory holds that during periods of economic expansion businesses experience increased demand, which in turn necessitates investment in more capital or labor. When businesses are experiencing growth, job confidence and security typically increase. The opposite often holds true during a recession: businesses experience reduced demand and look to downsize their workforces in the short term.
Governments and individuals are both motivated to achieve higher levels of job security. Governments attempt to do this by passing laws (such as the U.S. Civil Rights Act of 1964) which make it illegal to fire employees for certain reasons. Individuals can influence their degree of job security by increasing their skills through education and experience, or by moving to a more favorable location. The official unemployment rate and employee confidence indexes are good indicators of job security in particular fields. These statistics are closely watched by economists, government officials, and banks.
Unions also strongly influence job security. Jobs that traditionally have a strong union presence such as many government jobs and jobs in education, healthcare and law enforcemen
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect%20mixing
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Perfect mixing is a term heavily used in relation to the definition of models that predict the behavior of chemical reactors. Perfect mixing assumes that there are no spatial gradients in a given physical envelope, such as:
concentration (with respect to any chemical species)
temperature
chemical potential
catalytic activity
Physical chemistry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Ball%20%28unreleased%20album%29
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Crystal Ball is an unreleased studio album by Prince recorded throughout 1986. The album was planned to consist of 3 LPs and cover a broad range of musical styles. Many of its tracks were repurposed for the 1987 album Sign o' the Times, while others remained officially unreleased for years.
Evolution of the album
Crystal Ball can be traced to late 1985 with what would be Prince and The Revolution's final album, Dream Factory. Since Purple Rains release, each successive album became more of a collaborative effort between Prince and band members Wendy and Lisa in addition to full band performances on certain songs. Dream Factory evolved quickly from a 9-track single album to a double-LP with an ever-changing track list of songs. A final configuration of the album was finally decided upon and the album was mastered. But, during 1986 Wendy and Lisa had increasingly become disgruntled with Prince's decision to expand the Revolution with non-musicians Wally Safford and Gregory Allen Brooks along with the attitude that these new members brought with them. Unhappy and outspoken about their feelings, they had to be convinced to remain with the band and go on tour for that year's Parade Tour. However, Prince himself felt slighted and by the end of the tour fired most of The Revolution. Thus, the album was never released. The versions of the songs that would get an official release years later had the contributions made by Wendy & Lisa either toned down or completely removed.
Once P
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How%20to%20Murder%20Your%20Wife
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How to Murder Your Wife is a 1965 American black comedy film from United Artists, produced by George Axelrod, directed by Richard Quine, that stars Jack Lemmon and Virna Lisi. Quine also directed Lemmon in My Sister Eileen, It Happened to Jane, Operation Mad Ball, The Notorious Landlady, and Bell, Book and Candle.
The comic strip art featured in the film was credited to Mel Keefer, who drew newspaper comic strips such as Perry Mason, Mac Divot and Rick O'Shay. Comics artist Alex Toth did a teaser comic strip in Keefer's style that ran in The Hollywood Reporter and in several newspapers promoting the film for ten days prior to its theatrical opening.
Plot
Stanley Ford is a successful newspaper cartoonist enjoying his bachelorhood in his New York City townhouse, with his loyal and attentive valet, Charles Firbank. Stanley's widely syndicated comic strip, Bash Brannigan, is a secret-agent thriller, and Stanley insists Brannigan will not be shown doing anything which Stanley himself has not actually done, which he ensures by enacting storylines, playing Brannigan, while Charles takes photographs which Stanley uses as visual references when drawing the comic strip.
While attending a bachelor party for his friend Tobey Rawlins, Stanley becomes intoxicated and somehow ends up marrying the beautiful Italian woman who appears out of a cake, with an equally drunken judge performing the impromptu wedding. The following morning, Stanley wakes up and, even as he gazes at his naked wif
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20de%20Casteljau
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Paul de Casteljau (19 November 1930 – 24 March 2022) was a French physicist and mathematician. In 1959, while working at Citroën, he developed an algorithm for evaluating calculations on a certain family of curves, which would later be formalized and popularized by engineer Pierre Bézier, leading to the curves widely known as Bézier curves.
He studied at École Normale Supérieure, and worked at Citroën from 1958 until his retirement in 1992. When he arrived there, "Specialists admitted that all electrical, electronic and mechanical problems had more or less been solved. All—except for one single formality which made up for 5%, but certainly not for 20% of the problem; in other words, how to express component parts by equations." He continued publishing in retirement.
De Casteljau curves
De Casteljau's algorithm is widely used, with some modifications, as it is the most robust and numerically stable method for evaluating polynomials. Other methods, such as Horner's method and forward differencing, are faster for calculating single points but are less robust. De Casteljau's algorithm is still very fast for subdividing a De Casteljau curve or Bézier curve into two curve segments at an arbitrary parametric location.
Awards
Paul de Casteljau received the 1987 Seymour Cray Prize from the French National Center for Scientific Research, the 1993 John Gregory Memorial Award, and the 2012 Bézier Award from the Solid Modeling Association (SMA). The SMA's announcement highlights de
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conduit
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Conduit may refer to:
Engineering systems
Conduit (fluid conveyance), a pipe suitable for carrying either open-channel or pressurized liquids
Electrical conduit, a protective cover, tube or piping system for electric cables
Conduit current collection, a system of ground-level power supply
Duct (flow), for heating, ventilating and air-conditioning
Business
Conduit (finance) or asset-backed commercial paper program, a type of non-bank financial institution
Conduit and Sink OFCs, a classification of offshore financial centres/tax havens
Computers and Internet
Conduit (company), an international software company
Conduit toolbar a defunct web publishing platform by Conduit
Conduit (software), an open-source synchronization program for GNOME
Arts and entertainment
Conduit (Coby Sey album), by Coby Sey, 2022
Conduit (Funeral for a Friend album), by Funeral for a Friend, 2013
The Conduit (album), by Jarboe, 2005
Conduit (comics), a DC Comics supervillain
Conduit (convention), an annual science fiction convention in Salt Lake City, Utah, US
Conduit (mural), a public artwork by Emily Ginsburg in Portland, Oregon, US
"Conduit" (The X-Files), a television episode
The Conduit, a 2009 video game for the Wii console
The Conduit, a fictional artifact in the video game Mass Effect
Conduits, superhuman beings in the video game series Infamous
Other uses
Conduit (channeling), a means of contact with the spiritual realm
Conduit (horse) (2005–2020), a Thoroughbred
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Space
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n-Space Inc. was an American video game developer founded in 1994 by Erick S. Dyke, Dan O'Leary, and Sean Purcell. It developed games on nearly a dozen different platforms, but was mostly focused on Nintendo consoles and handhelds in particular since 2001. The game Geist was a second-party project, developed in cooperation with Nintendo. In March 2016, it was announced that n-Space had closed down for unknown reasons.
History
n-Space founders Erick S. Dyke and Sean Purcell met while working at General Electric Aerospace (now part of Lockheed Martin) to create advanced military simulators. In 1991, GE Aerospace began to explore the possibility of using its 3D technology for commercial applications. This led to a series of contracts with Sega for the development of the Model 1 and Model 2 arcade boards. Dyke, O’Leary, and Purcell spent two months working with Sega in Japan to complete the development of one of the first Model 2 arcade titles, Desert Tank. The trio worked with director Hiroshi Kataoka and the head of the Sega AM2 division, Yu Suzuki. In 1994, Dyke, O’Leary, and Purcell founded n-Space with funding from Sony Computer Entertainment of America to develop games on the newly launched Sony PlayStation console. n-Space launched their first video game in 1997 for PlayStation, Tiger Shark.
In 2011, n-Space announced their largest project yet: developing an all-new property from the ground-up, made exclusively for the Nintendo 3DS in cooperation with Square Enix. This p
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.992.2
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In telecommunications, ITU G.992.2 (better known as G.lite) is an ITU standard for ADSL using discrete multitone modulation. G.lite does not strictly require the use of DSL filters, but like all variants of ADSL generally functions better with splitters.
G.lite is a modulation profile which can be selected on a DSLAM port by an ADSL provider and provides greater resistance to noise and tolerates longer loop lengths (DSLAM to customer distances) for a given bandwidth. Most ADSL modems and DSLAM ports support it, but it is not a typical default configuration. The transmission speed of G.lite (G.992.2) is 1.5 Mbit/s downstream and 512 kbit/s upstream.
The G.lite specification was an accelerated ITU-T effort to drive interoperability among vendors and was facilitated by the Universal ADSL Working Group, or UAWG. The G.lite standardization effort took a total of 11 months from start to finish, setting a new record for ANY standard effort within the ITU-T. The previous record had been the V.90 specification for analog modems, which took 18 months to complete. The UAWG consisted of three sets of members: Promoters, Supporters and Adopters. Intel, Compaq and Microsoft were able to rally the support of all of the US RBOCs and five of the largest international carriers (NTT, British Telecom, France Telecom, Deutsche Telekom, and Singapore Telecom), collectively representing the Promoters, to drive the major communications equipment manufacturers (the Supporters) to demonstrate intero
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranquility%20%28video%20game%29
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tranquility is a nonviolent musical platform game created in 1991 for Macintosh and Windows computers by musician William A. Romanowski. The game features generative algorithms that determine music and level layout based on the player's actions. For this reason, and due to its use of generated ambient music, the game's philosophy has been compared to that of Transcendentalism and the New Age Movement. According to the game's publishers, some players have reported immersion in the game to produce a dream-like experience during and after play. The game notably appeared first as a demo included with Silicon Graphics computers. It was updated and re-released as a commercial game 10 years later in 2001, with internet support architected by David Cook and Cookware Inc. This version of the game was supported for 10 years but a notice that the game was to be retired appeared on the website in 2010. As of now, the site is inaccessible. Although the game is still capable of playing local demo levels, starting with macOS Catalina, 32-bit apps were no longer compatible with macOS.
Detailed information about Tranquility and its history were published by William A. Romanowski in a 2007 pitch for social funding.
Gameplay
In tranquility, the player (from an abstract, first-person viewpoint) floats in a sea of starlit geometric structures called "platforms" in order to pass through targets called "spinners" (camouflaged star-shaped objects scattered at a density of one per room). The game'
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Scheinman
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Victor David Scheinman (December 28, 1942 – September 20, 2016) was an American pioneer in the field of robotics.
He was born in Augusta, Georgia, where his father Léonard was stationed with the US Army. At the end of the war the family moved to Brooklyn and his father returned to work as a professor of psychiatry. His mother taught at a Hebrew school.
Scheinman first experience with robots was watching The Day the Earth Stood Still around age 8 or 9. The movie frightened him and his father suggested building a wooden model as therapy. Scheinman sttended the now-defunct New Lincoln School in New York where, in the late 1950s, he designed and constructed a voice-controlled typewriter as a science fair project. This endeavor gave him entry into MIT as an undergraduate in engineering, as well as providing a foundation for his later inventions.
Education
Scheinman attended MIT as an undergraduate, starting at age 16 and completed a degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics in 1963. He was president of the Model Airplane Club and had a summer job at Sikorsky Aircraft. His Bachelor's thesis was on controlling the depth of a model hydrofoil wing in the MIT towing tank.
After graduation, on the advice and recommendation of his advisor, he got a job at Boeing, where he worked on a lunar gravity simulator. He left to travel the world for a while, and then enrolled at Stanford University's graduate program, initially in Aeronautics and Astronautics, switching later to Mechanical Engine
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millman%27s%20theorem
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In electrical engineering, Millman's theorem (or the parallel generator theorem) is a method to simplify the solution of a circuit. Specifically, Millman's theorem is used to compute the voltage at the ends of a circuit made up of only branches in parallel.
It is named after Jacob Millman, who proved the theorem.
Explanation
Let be the generators' voltages. Let be the resistances on the branches with voltage generators . Then Millman states that the voltage at the ends of the circuit is given by:
That is, the sum of the short circuit currents in branch divided by the sum of the conductances in each branch.
It can be proved by considering the circuit as a single supernode. Then, according to Ohm and Kirchhoff, the voltage between the ends of the circuit is equal to the total current entering the supernode divided by the total equivalent conductance of the supernode. The total current is the sum of the currents in each branch. The total equivalent conductance of the supernode is the sum of the conductance of each branch, since all the branches are in parallel.
Branch variations
Current sources
One method of deriving Millman's theorem starts by converting all the branches to current sources (which can be done using Norton's theorem). A branch that is already a current source is simply not converted. In the expression above, this is equivalent to replacing the term in the numerator of the expression above with the current of the current generator, where the kth branc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unimation
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Unimation was the world's first robotics company. It was founded in 1962 by Joseph F. Engelberger and George Devol and was located in Danbury, Connecticut. Devol had already applied for a patent an industrial robotic arm in 1954; was issued in 1961.
Devol collaborated with Engelberger, who served as president of the company, to engineer and produce an industrial robot under the brand name Unimate. They introduced their new robot in 1961 at a trade show in Chicago.
The first Unimate prototypes were controlled by vacuum tubes used as digital switches though later versions used transistors. Further, parts available off-the-shelf in the late 1950s, such as digital encoders, were not adequate for the Unimate, so with Devol's guidance and a team of skilled engineers, Unimation designed and machined practically every part in the first Unimates. They also invented a variety of new technologies, including a unique rotating drum memory system with data parity controls.
In 1960, Devol personally sold the first Unimate robot, which was shipped in 1961 to General Motors. GM first used the machine for die casting handling and spot welding of car bodies. The first Unimate robot was installed at GM's Inland Fisher Guide Plant in Ewing Township, New Jersey in 1961 to lift hot pieces of metal from a die-casting machine and stack them. Soon companies such as Chrysler, Ford, and Fiat saw the necessity for large Unimate purchases.
The introduction of robotics to the manufacturing process ef
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secernentea
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Secernentea was a class of nematodes in the Classical Phylogeny System (Chitwood, 1958) and is no longer in use. This morphological-based classification system has been replaced by the Modern Phylogeny system, where taxonomy assignment is based on small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA).
Characteristics of Secernentea are:
Amphid apertures are pore/slit-like
Derids are present in some; located near nerve ring
Phasmids are present; posterior
Excretory system is tubular
Cuticle is striated in two to four layers; lateral field is present
Three esophageal glands; esophageal structure varies
Males generally have one testis
Caudal alae are common
Sensory papillae are cephalic only; may be caudal papillae in males
Mostly terrestrial
Rarely found in fresh or marine water
Systematics
Subclasses and orders of Secernentea are:
Subclass Rhabditia (paraphyletic?)
Rhabditida
Strongylida
Subclass Spiruria
Ascaridida
Camallanida (sometimes included in Spirurida)
Drilonematida (sometimes included in Spirurida)
Oxyurida (= Rhabdiasida)
Rhigonematida (formerly in Tylenchia)
Spirurida
Subclass Diplogasteria (may belong in Rhabditia)
Diplogasterida
Subclass Tylenchia (may belong in Rhabditia)
Aphelenchida
Tylenchida
Some families traditionally considered to be Rhabditida seem to be closer to the Tylenchida. If the Tylenchia are to be maintained as separate, they probably will be included therein.
References
Protostome classes
Obsolete animal taxa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posner
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Posner or Pozner may refer to:
Posner (surname)
Posner Park, in Florida, US
Posner's theorem in algebra
Posner cueing task, a neuropsychological test
See also
Posener, a surname
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumbhakarna
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Kumbhakarna (Sanskrit: कुम्भकर्ण, lit. pot-eared) is a powerful rakshasa and younger brother of Ravana from the Hindu epic Ramayana. Despite his gigantic size and appetite, he is described as a virtuous character and a great warrior in Hindu texts. He is said to have slaughtered 8,000 vanaras over the course of Rama's mission to rescue Sita.
Vibhishana narrated that Kumbhakarna had been born with immense strength, having subdued both Indra and Yama, striking the former in the chest with the broken tusk of Airavata. At the bequest of Indra, Brahma cursed the rakshasa to "sleep like he is dead". On Ravana's request, he commuted the curse to have the rakshasa sleep for six months at a time, and wake up for exactly one day to wreak havoc and devour to his heart's content.
In a popular retelling of this tale, Kumbhakarna, accompanied by his brothers Ravana and Vibhishana, performed a major yajna to please Brahma. Indra was worried and jealous of his strength so he went to Brahma before Kumbhakarna's boon could come to fruition.
When Kumbhakarna asked for his boon, his tongue was tied by the goddess Saraswati, who acted on Indra's request. Instead of asking for Indrāsana (the throne of Indra), he asked for Nidrāsana (a bed for sleeping). It is also said that he intended to ask for Nirdevatvam (annihilation of the devas) and instead asked for Nidravatvam (sleep). His request was instantly granted. However, his brother Ravana requested Brahma to undo this curse as a boon and Brah
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myeloblast
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The myeloblast is a unipotent stem cell which differentiates into the effectors of the granulocyte series. It is found in the bone marrow. Stimulation of myeloblasts by G-CSF and other cytokines triggers maturation, differentiation, proliferation and cell survival.
Structure
Myeloblasts reside extravascularly in the bone marrow. Hematopoiesis takes place in the extravascular cavities between the sinuses of the marrow. The wall of the sinuses is composed of two different types of cells, endothelial cells and adventitial reticular cells. The hemopoietic cells are aligned in cords or wedges between these sinuses, with myeloblasts and other granular progenitors concentrated in the subcortical regions of these hemopoietic cords.
Myeloblasts are rather small cells with a diameter between 14 and 18μm. The major part is occupied by a large oval nucleus composed of very fine nonaggregated chromatin and possessing 3 or more nucleoli. The cytoplasm has a basophilic character and is devoid of granules, which is a major difference from the myeloblast's successor, the promyelocyte. The nucleolus is the site of assembly of ribosomal proteins, which are located in various particles dispersed over the cytoplasm. Mitochondria are present but have a rather small size.
The main features that distinguish a myeloblast from a lymphoblast upon microscopic examination are the presence of cytoplasmic granules, the lesser degree of condensation in the nuclear chromatin, and the increased prominenc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalarna%20University%20College
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Dalarna University College () is a public university college (högskola) located in Falun and Borlänge, in Dalarna County, Sweden.
Dalarna University College is one of Sweden’s more recent institutions of higher education, established in 1977. It is situated in Dalarna, 200 kilometres north-west of the capital Stockholm.
Background
In 2015, the university had 16,344 students, with 11,642 of them studying via distance education. The campuses are located in Falun, the administrative capital of the province, and in the neighbouring town of Borlänge.
Dalarna University is deemed qualified to award Phd degrees in Microdata Analysis following assessment by The Swedish National Agency for Higher Education.
Research in Complex Systems and Microdata Analysis at Borlänge campus is carried out in collaboration with business and industry, and increases the competitiveness for trade, IT, transport and tourism in the region. Research in this subject area accounts for some 35 million SEK at the university. The field has some 50 employed researchers and teachers at the Borlänge campus and on top of that a further 30 doctoral students who are able to complete their education at Dalarna University.
Locus student accommodation
Student accommodation area Locus is located in Tjärna Ängar, a district in Borlänge designated by Swedish police as a vulnerable area, a socially deprived area with a higher crime rate. This makes life insecure for in particular female students who avoid walking alon
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProvideX
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ProvideX is a computer language and development environment derived from Business Basic (a business oriented derivative of BASIC) in the mid-1980s.
ProvideX is available on several operating systems (Unix/Linux/Windows/Mac OS X) and includes not only the programming language but also file system, presentation layer interface, and other components. The language is primarily designed for use in the development of business applications.
Over the years since its inception and as the computer industry has changed, ProvideX has added functionality such as a graphical interface, client-server capabilities, access to external databases, web services, and, more recently, object-oriented programming capabilities.
On October 8, 2010, PVX Plus Technologies announced that it has assumed all ongoing sales, development, and support of the ProvideX product line for Independent Software Vendors. This brings the development of the language back under control of the original creator, Mike King and is the end result of almost 2 years of negotiations between Sage Group, EDIAS, and PVX Plus Technologies.
Syntax
Example Code
! This example code shows some ways to do the traditional hello world.
!
begin
print 'CS', ! Clear Screen
! Plain Text
print "Hello World!"
! Fonted Text (Error branch moves to next line if fonted text not available)
print (0,err=*next)'Font'("Arial,-16,B"), ! Use Bold 16pt Arial Font
print (0,err=*next)'Text'(@x(20),@y(2),"Hello World"),
! Move t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCPA
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SCPA may refer to:
San Diego School of Creative and Performing Arts, a school in San Diego, California
School for Creative and Performing Arts, a school in Cincinnati, Ohio
Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984
South Carolina Ports Authority
Space Canine Patrol Agents, fictional canine superheroes in DC Comics
C5a peptidase, an enzyme
See also
School of Creative and Performing Arts (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine%20Legge
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Katherine Anne Legge ( ; born 12 July 1980) is a British professional auto racing driver who competes full-time in the IMSA SportsCar Championship, driving the No. 66 Acura NSX GT3 for Gradient Racing, part-time in the IndyCar Series, driving the No. 44 Honda for Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing, and part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 07 Chevrolet Camaro for SS-Green Light Racing.
Racing career
Early racing and Atlantics
Prior to joining the Toyota Atlantic series, Guildford-born Legge raced in several developmental open-wheel series in Britain, including Formula Three, Formula Renault and Formula Ford. In 2000, she was the first woman to achieve a pole in a Zetec race. In 2001, she beat Kimi Räikkönen's lap record and achieved a pole, and she was the first woman to receive the BRDC's "Rising Star" accolade.
Legge's move to the United States came about in 2004, when after running out of finances to continue her racing career, she visited the UK offices of Cosworth, refusing to leave until she had met Cosworth boss Kevin Kalkhoven. Kalkhoven sent his daughter to speak to Legge to get her to leave: after a brief conversation with Legge, she instead told Kalkhoven that he should meet with her. Kalkhoven then offered her a drive in the first three rounds of the 2005 Toyota Atlantic Championship with Polestar Motor Racing: this was her first full-time drive. She won the series opener at Long Beach in her first career Atlantic start. In doing so, she became th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Enterprise
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Crystal Enterprise is the Business Objects server-based delivery platform for Crystal Reports and Crystal Analysis originally developed by Crystal Decisions.
Crystal Enterprise is what is called a delivery platform in Business Intelligence terms. It provides an infrastructure for data access, which can store report templates. By using Crystal Enterprise, report designers can store report objects, instances of reports, schedule reports and request reports on demand through the use of clients, such as Web Browsers.
For example, an administrator could store a sales report on Crystal Enterprise, and schedule this report to be run at the beginning of every month. When the report is triggered, Crystal Enterprise would access the data sources specified in the report and save an instance of this report, which can be made available or automatically distributed to the relevant parties.
Supported platforms
Due to the complexity of the Crystal Enterprise, many factors must be considered for platform compatibility, such as Operating System, Web server, Application Server, databases and a combination of these factors. On the Crystal Enterprise installation CD, there is a text file called platforms.txt which covers every platform supported by Crystal Enterprise.
As for Operating Systems, Crystal Enterprise can run in many different Operating Systems, such as Windows 2000 Server, Windows Server 2003, Solaris, Linux, AIX and HP-UX.
Newer versions of Crystal Enterprise provide several add
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resist%20%28semiconductor%20fabrication%29
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In semiconductor fabrication, a resist is a thin layer used to transfer a circuit pattern to the semiconductor substrate which it is deposited upon. A resist can be patterned via lithography to form a (sub)micrometer-scale, temporary mask that protects selected areas of the underlying substrate during subsequent processing steps. The material used to prepare said thin layer is typically a viscous solution. Resists are generally proprietary mixtures of a polymer or its precursor and other small molecules (e.g. photoacid generators) that have been specially formulated for a given lithography technology. Resists used during photolithography are called photoresists.
Background
Semiconductor devices (as of 2005) are built by depositing and patterning many thin layers. The patterning steps, or lithography, define the function of the device and the density of its components.
For example, in the interconnect layers of a modern microprocessor, a conductive material (copper or aluminum) is inlaid in an electrically insulating matrix (typically fluorinated silicon dioxide or another low-k dielectric). The metal patterns define multiple electrical circuits that are used to connect the microchip's transistors to one another and ultimately to external devices via the chip's pins.
The most common patterning method used by the semiconductor device industry is photolithography -- patterning using light. In this process, the substrate of interest is coated with photosensitive resist an
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microdialysis
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Microdialysis is a minimally-invasive sampling technique that is used for continuous measurement of free, unbound analyte concentrations in the extracellular fluid of virtually any tissue. Analytes may include endogenous molecules (e.g. neurotransmitter, hormones, glucose, etc.) to assess their biochemical functions in the body, or exogenous compounds (e.g. pharmaceuticals) to determine their distribution within the body. The microdialysis technique requires the insertion of a small microdialysis catheter (also referred to as microdialysis probe) into the tissue of interest. The microdialysis probe is designed to mimic a blood capillary and consists of a shaft with a semipermeable hollow fiber membrane at its tip, which is connected to inlet and outlet tubing. The probe is continuously perfused with an aqueous solution (perfusate) that closely resembles the (ionic) composition of the surrounding tissue fluid at a low flow rate of approximately 0.1-5μL/min. Once inserted into the tissue or (body)fluid of interest, small solutes can cross the semipermeable membrane by passive diffusion. The direction of the analyte flow is determined by the respective concentration gradient and allows the usage of microdialysis probes as sampling as well as delivery tools. The solution leaving the probe (dialysate) is collected at certain time intervals for analysis.
History
The microdialysis principle was first employed in the early 1960s, when push-pull canulas and dialysis sacs were impl
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20Touchard
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Jacques Touchard (1885–1968) was a French mathematician. In 1953, he proved that an odd perfect number must be of the form 12k + 1 or 36k + 9. In combinatorics and probability theory, he introduced the Touchard polynomials. He is also known for his solution to the ménage problem of counting seating arrangements in which men and women alternate and are not seated next to their spouses.
Touchard's Catalan identity
The following algebraic identity involving the Catalan numbers
is apparently due to Touchard (according to Richard P. Stanley, who mentions it in his panorama article "Exercises on Catalan and Related Numbers" giving an overwhelming plenitude of different definitions for the Catalan numbers).
For n ≥ 0 one has
Using the generating function
it can be proved by algebraic manipulations of generating series that Touchard's identity is
equivalent to the functional equation
satisfied by the Catalan generating series C(t).
Further reading
Canadian Journal of Mathematics 1956, Vol 8, No 3.; Journal in French
French mathematicians
1885 births
1968 deaths
Place of birth missing
People from Basel-Landschaft
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propidium%20iodide
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Propidium iodide (or PI) is a fluorescent intercalating agent that can be used to stain cells and nucleic acids. PI binds to DNA by intercalating between the bases with little or no sequence preference. When in an aqueous solution, PI has a fluorescent excitation maximum of 493 nm (blue-green), and an emission maximum of 636 nm (red). After binding DNA, the quantum yield of PI is enhanced 20-30 fold, and the excitation/emission maximum of PI is shifted to 535 nm (green) / 617 nm (orange-red). Propidium iodide is used as a DNA stain in flow cytometry to evaluate cell viability or DNA content in cell cycle analysis, or in microscopy to visualize the nucleus and other DNA-containing organelles. Propidium Iodide is not membrane-permeable, making it useful to differentiate necrotic, apoptotic and healthy cells based on membrane integrity. PI also binds to RNA, necessitating treatment with nucleases to distinguish between RNA and DNA staining. PI is widely used in fluorescence staining and visualization of the plant cell wall.
See also
Viability assay
Vital stain
SYBR Green I
Ethidium bromide
References
Flow cytometry
DNA-binding substances
Iodides
Phenanthridine dyes
Staining dyes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic%20disorder
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A metabolic disorder is a disorder that negatively alters the body's processing and distribution of macronutrients, such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Metabolic disorders can happen when abnormal chemical reactions in the body alter the normal metabolic process. It can also be defined as inherited single gene anomaly, most of which are autosomal recessive.
Signs and symptoms
Some of the symptoms that can occur with metabolic disorders are lethargy, weight loss, jaundice and seizures. The symptoms expressed would vary with the type of metabolic disorder. There are four categories of symptoms: acute symptoms, late-onset acute symptoms, progressive general symptoms and permanent symptoms.
Causes
Inherited metabolic disorders are one cause of metabolic disorders, and occur when a defective gene causes an enzyme deficiency. These diseases, of which there are many subtypes, are known as inborn errors of metabolism. Metabolic diseases can also occur when the liver or pancreas do not function properly.
Types
The principal classes of metabolic disorders are:
Diagnosis
Metabolic disorders can be present at birth, and many can be identified by routine screening. If a metabolic disorder is not identified early, then it may be diagnosed later in life, when symptoms appear. Specific blood and DNA tests can be done to diagnose genetic metabolic disorders.
The gut microbiota, which is a population of microbes that live in the human digestive system, also has an important part
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalisation%20%28biology%29
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Naturalisation (or naturalization) is the ecological phenomenon through which a species, taxon, or population of exotic (as opposed to native) origin integrates into a given ecosystem, becoming capable of reproducing and growing in it, and proceeds to disseminate spontaneously. In some instances, the presence of a species in a given ecosystem is so ancient that it cannot be presupposed whether it is native or introduced.
Generally, any introduced species may (in the wild) either go extinct or naturalise in its new environment.
Some populations do not sustain themselves reproductively, but exist because of continued influx from elsewhere. Such a non-sustaining population, or the individuals within it, are said to be adventive. Cultivated plants are a major source of adventive populations.
The above refers to naturalize as an intransitive verb, as in, "The species naturalized". In North America it is common to use naturalize as a transitive verb, as in, "City staff naturalized the park". This means to allow an environment to revert to its natural state.
Botany
In botany, naturalisation is the situation in which an exogenous plant reproduces and disperses on its own in a new environment. For example, northern white cedar is naturalised in the United Kingdom, where it reproduces on its own, while it is not in France, where human intervention via cuttings or seeds are essential for its dissemination.
Two categories of naturalisation are defined from two distinct parameter
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide%20exchange%20factor
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Nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs) are proteins that stimulate the exchange (replacement) of nucleoside diphosphates for nucleoside triphosphates bound to other proteins.
Function
Many cellular proteins cleave (hydrolyze) nucleoside triphosphates–adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or guanosine triphosphate (GTP)–to their diphosphate forms (ADP and GDP) as a source of energy and to drive conformational changes. These changes in turn affect the structural, enzymatic, or signalling properties of the protein.
Nucleotide exchange factors actively assist in the exchange of depleted nucleoside diphosphates for fresh nucleoside triphosphates. NEFs are specific for the nucleotides they exchange (ADP or GDP, but not both) and are often specific to a single protein or class of proteins with which they interact.
See also
Nucleoside-diphosphate kinase
Guanine nucleotide exchange factor
References
External links
Alfred Wittinghofer's Seminar: GTP-Binding Proteins as Molecular Switches
Proteins
Articles containing video clips
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoside-diphosphate%20kinase
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Nucleoside-diphosphate kinases (NDPKs, also NDP kinase, (poly)nucleotide kinases and nucleoside diphosphokinases) are enzymes that catalyze the exchange of terminal phosphate between different nucleoside diphosphates (NDP) and triphosphates (NTP) in a reversible manner to produce nucleotide triphosphates. Many NDP serve as acceptor while NTP are donors of phosphate group. The general reaction via ping-pong mechanism is as follows: XDP + YTP ←→ XTP + YDP (X and Y each represent different nitrogenous base). NDPK activities maintain an equilibrium between the concentrations of different nucleoside triphosphates such as, for example, when guanosine triphosphate (GTP) produced in the citric acid (Krebs) cycle is converted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Other activities include cell proliferation, differentiation and development, signal transduction, G protein-coupled receptor, endocytosis, and gene expression.
Structure
NDPK are homohexameric proteins made up of monomers approximately 152 amino acids long with a theoretical weight of 17.17KDa. The complex is found in mitochondria and in the soluble cytoplasm of cells.
Function
NDPK are found in all cells, displaying not much specificity towards the types of nucleoside bases and are capable of accepting nucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides as substrates or donors. Therefore, NDPK is the source of RNA and DNA precursors, except ATP.
NDPK utilize specific enzyme kinetics for multi-substrate reaction, namely ping-pong mechanism.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDK
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NDK may refer to:
Nucleoside-diphosphate kinase, an enzyme
National Palace of Culture, a congress centre in Sofia, Bulgaria
Nihon Dempa Kogyo Co., Ltd., a crystal device manufacturer in Tokyo, Japan
Nan Desu Kan, an annual anime convention located in Colorado
The Android NDK (native development kit), the C/C++ SDK for Android apps.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD34
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CD34 is a transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein protein encoded by the CD34 gene in humans, mice, rats and other species.
CD34 derives its name from the cluster of differentiation protocol that identifies cell surface antigens. CD34 was first described on hematopoietic stem cells independently by Civin et al. and Tindle et al. as a cell surface glycoprotein and functions as a cell-cell adhesion factor. It may also mediate the attachment of hematopoietic stem cells to bone marrow extracellular matrix or directly to stromal cells. Clinically, it is associated with the selection and enrichment of hematopoietic stem cells for bone marrow transplants. Due to these historical and clinical associations, CD34 expression is almost ubiquitously related to hematopoietic cells; however, it is actually found on many other cell types as well.
Function
The CD34 protein is a member of a family of single-pass transmembrane sialomucin proteins that show expression on early haematopoietic and vascular-associated progenitor cells. However, little is known about its exact function.
CD34 is also an important adhesion molecule and is required for T cells to enter lymph nodes. It is expressed on lymph node endothelia, whereas the L-selectin to which it binds is on the T cell. Conversely, under other circumstances CD34 has been shown to act as molecular "Teflon" and block mast cell, eosinophil and dendritic cell precursor adhesion, and to facilitate opening of vascular lumina. Finally, recent data
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wegener%E2%80%93Bergeron%E2%80%93Findeisen%20process
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The Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process (after Alfred Wegener, Tor Bergeron and ), (or "cold-rain process") is a process of ice crystal growth that occurs in mixed phase clouds (containing a mixture of supercooled water and ice) in regions where the ambient vapor pressure falls between the saturation vapor pressure over water and the lower saturation vapor pressure over ice. This is a subsaturated environment for liquid water but a supersaturated environment for ice resulting in rapid evaporation of liquid water and rapid ice crystal growth through vapor deposition. If the number density of ice is small compared to liquid water, the ice crystals can grow large enough to fall out of the cloud, melting into rain drops if lower level temperatures are warm enough.
The Bergeron process, if occurring at all, is much more efficient in producing large particles than is the growth of larger droplets at the expense of smaller ones, since the difference in saturation pressure between liquid water and ice is larger than the enhancement of saturation pressure over small droplets (for droplets large enough to considerably contribute to the total mass). For other processes affecting particle size, see rain and cloud physics.
History
The principle of ice growth through vapor deposition on ice crystals at the expense of water was first theorized by the German scientist Alfred Wegener in 1911 while studying hoarfrost formation. Wegener theorized that if this process happened in clouds and
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20thermodynamics
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The history of thermodynamics is a fundamental strand in, the history of physics, the history of chemistry, and the history of science in general. Owing in the relevance of thermodynamics in much of science and technology, its history is finely woven with the developments of classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, magnetism, and chemical kinetics, to more distant applied fields such as meteorology, information theory, and biology (physiology), and to technological developments such as the steam engine, internal combustion engine, cryogenics and electricity generation. The development of thermodynamics both drove and was driven by atomic theory. It also, albeit in a subtle manner, motivated new directions in probability and statistics; see, for example, the timeline of thermodynamics.
Antiquity
The ancients viewed heat as that related to fire. In 3000 BC, the ancient Egyptians viewed heat as related to origin mythologies. The ancient Indian philosophy including Vedic philosophy believed that five classical elements (or pancha mahā bhūta) are the basis of all cosmic creations. In the Western philosophical tradition, after much debate about the primal element among earlier pre-Socratic philosophers, Empedocles proposed a four-element theory, in which all substances derive from earth, water, air, and fire. The Empedoclean element of fire is perhaps the principal ancestor of later concepts such as phlogiston and caloric. Around 500 BC, the Greek philosopher Heraclitus became famo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscous%20coupling%20unit
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A viscous coupling is a mechanical device which transfers torque and rotation by the medium of a viscous fluid.
Design
Rotary viscous couplings with interleaved, perforated plates and filled with viscous fluids are used in automotive systems to transmit torque. The device consists of a number of circular plates with tabs or perforations, fitted very close to each other in a sealed drum. Alternate plates are connected to a driving shaft at one end of the assembly and a driven shaft at the other end. The drum is filled with a dilatant fluid, often silicone-based, to about 80% by volume. When the two sets of plates are rotating in unison, the fluid stays cool and remains liquid. When the plates start rotating at different speeds, the shear effect of the tabs or perforations on the fluid will cause it to heat and become nearly solid because the viscosity of dilatant fluids rapidly increases with shear. The fluid in this state will effectively glue the plates together and transmit power from one set of plates to the other. The size of the tabs or perforations, the number of plates, and the fluid used will determine the strength and onset of this mechanical transfer.
This type of device essentially differs from fluid couplings such as torque converters by using the viscosity of the medium to transfer torque, rather than its momentum. This makes it potentially useful even on very small scales and requires less cooling. The torque transmitted is sensitive to the difference in speed
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogical%20DNA%20test
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A genealogical DNA test is a DNA-based genetic test used in genetic genealogy that looks at specific locations of a person's genome in order to find or verify ancestral genealogical relationships, or (with lower reliability) to estimate the ethnic mixture of an individual. Since different testing companies use different ethnic reference groups and different matching algorithms, ethnicity estimates for an individual vary between tests, sometimes dramatically.
Three principal types of genealogical DNA tests are available, with each looking at a different part of the genome and being useful for different types of genealogical research: autosomal (atDNA), mitochondrial (mtDNA), and Y-chromosome (Y-DNA).
Autosomal tests may result in a large number of DNA matches to both males and females who have also tested with the same company. Each match will typically show an estimated degree of relatedness, i.e., a close family match, 1st-2nd cousins, 3rd-4th cousins, etc. The furthest degree of relationship is usually the "6th-cousin or further" level. However, due to the random nature of which, and how much, DNA is inherited by each tested person from their common ancestors, precise relationship conclusions can only be made for close relations. Traditional genealogical research, and the sharing of family trees, is typically required for interpretation of the results. Autosomal tests are also used in estimating ethnic mix.
MtDNA and Y-DNA tests are much more objective. However, they giv
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vital%20Kramko
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Vital Kramko (born 1941, , ) is the chairman of "October" (Октябрь), an agricultural collective located in the Hrodna region. Kramko was awarded the title Hero of Belarus title "for selfless work and valiant efforts in the development of agricultural production." Kramko was awarded the title on 30 June 2001 from a decree issued by Alexander Lukashenko.
References
1941 births
Living people
Belarusian inventors
National Heroes of Belarus
Date of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inborn%20error%20of%20lipid%20metabolism
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Numerous genetic disorders are caused by errors in fatty acid metabolism. These disorders may be described as fatty oxidation disorders or as a lipid storage disorders, and are any one of several inborn errors of metabolism that result from enzyme defects affecting the ability of the body to oxidize fatty acids in order to produce energy within muscles, liver, and other cell types.
Some of the more common fatty acid metabolism disorders are:
Coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiencies
Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCAD) - Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase
Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHAD) - Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A
Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD) - Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase
Short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (SCAD) - Short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase
3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (HADH) - 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase
Other Coenzyme A enzyme deficiencies
2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase deficiency - 2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency - 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase
Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency - Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase
Carnitine related
Primary carnitine deficiency - SLC22A5 (carnitine transporter)
Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency - Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency (CPT) - C
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelabor%20rupture%20of%20membranes
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Prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM), previously known as premature rupture of membranes, is breakage of the amniotic sac before the onset of labor. Women usually experience a painless gush or a steady leakage of fluid from the vagina. Complications in the baby may include premature birth, cord compression, and infection. Complications in the mother may include placental abruption and postpartum endometritis.
Risk factors include infection of the amniotic fluid, prior PROM, bleeding in the later parts of pregnancy, smoking, and a mother who is underweight. Diagnosis is suspected based on symptoms and speculum exam and may be supported by testing the vaginal fluid or by ultrasound. If it occurs before 37 weeks it is known as PPROM (preterm prelabor rupture of membranes) otherwise it is known as term PROM.
Treatment is based on how far along a woman is in pregnancy and whether complications are present. In those at or near term without any complications, induction of labor is generally recommended. Time may also be provided for labor to begin spontaneously. In those 24 to 34 weeks of gestation without complications corticosteroids and close observation is recommended. A 2017 Cochrane review found waiting generally resulted in better outcomes in those before 37 weeks. Antibiotics may be given for those at risk of Group B streptococcus. Delivery is generally indicated in those with complications, regardless of how far along in pregnancy.
About 8% of term pregnancies are compli
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapurna%20II
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Annapurna II is part of the Annapurna mountain range located in Nepal, and is the eastern anchor of the range.
In terms of elevation, isolation (distance to a higher summit, namely Annapurna I East Peak, ) and prominence (), Annapurna II does not rank far behind Annapurna I Main, which serves as the western anchor. It is a fully independent peak, despite the close association with Annapurna I Main which its name implies; it is, however, closely connected to the shorter Annapurna IV. Annapurna II is the 16th highest mountain in the world and second highest peak of the Annapurna mountain range.
Features
Annapurna II sits apart from the main ridge of the Annapurna Massif, along with the shorter Annapurna IV. Its summit proper lies along a steep rock ridge, relatively free of snow towards its highest point, which drops in altitude to run west to the summit of the smaller peak. The South Face is a large pyramidal wall only interrupted by the central spur, while the North Face is more complex, with steep walls cascading between ice fields near the summit and base of the mountain. To the northwest, a large hanging glacier occupies the flank between it and Annapurna IV, while the Northeastern wall has a distinctive, recurrent series of cornices and rock bands resembling a human face or skull, visible in the above photograph.
Annapurna II is notable for its large avalanches, especially those originating from the high snowpack behind the North-central buttress. Other dangers includ
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20therapy
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Cell therapy (also called cellular therapy, cell transplantation, or cytotherapy) is a therapy in which viable cells are injected, grafted or implanted into a patient in order to effectuate a medicinal effect, for example, by transplanting T-cells capable of fighting cancer cells via cell-mediated immunity in the course of immunotherapy, or grafting stem cells to regenerate diseased tissues.
Cell therapy originated in the nineteenth century when scientists experimented by injecting animal material in an attempt to prevent and treat illness. Although such attempts produced no positive benefit, further research found in the mid twentieth century that human cells could be used to help prevent the human body rejecting transplanted organs, leading in time to successful bone marrow transplantation as has become common practice in treatment for patients that have compromised bone marrow after disease, infection, radiation or chemotherapy. In recent decades, however, stem cell and cell transplantation has gained significant interest by researchers as a potential new therapeutic strategy for a wide range of diseases, in particular for degenerative and immunogenic pathologies.
Background
Cell therapy can be defined as therapy in which cellular material is injected or otherwise transplanted into a patient. The origins of cell therapy can perhaps be traced to the nineteenth century, when Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard (1817–1894) injected animal testicle extracts in an attempt to stop
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruch%27s%20membrane
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Bruch's membrane or lamina vitrea is the innermost layer of the choroid of the eye. It is also called the vitreous lamina or Membrane vitriae, because of its glassy microscopic appearance. It is 2–4 μm thick.
Anatomy
Structure
Bruch's membrane consists of five layers (from inside to outside):
the basement membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium
the inner collagenous zone
a central band of elastic fibers
the outer collagenous zone
the basement membrane of the choriocapillaris
Development
The membrane grows thicker with age. With age, lipid-containing extracellular deposits may accumulate between the membrane and the basal lamina of the retinal pigmental epithelium, impairing exchange of solutes and contributing to age-related pathology.
Embryology
Bruch's membrane is present by midterm in fetal development as an elastic sheet.
Function
The membrane is involved in the regulation of fluid and solute passage from the choroid to the retina.
Pathology
Bruch's membrane thickens with age, slowing the transport of metabolites. This may lead to the formation of drusen in age-related macular degeneration. There is also a buildup of deposits (Basal Linear Deposits or BLinD and Basal Lamellar Deposits BLamD) on and within the membrane, primarily consisting of phospholipids. The accumulation of lipids appears to be greater in the central fundus than in the periphery. This build up seems to fragment the membrane into a lamellar structure more like puff-pastry than a barrier. I
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