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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretion%20assay
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Secretion assay is a process used in cell biology to identify cells that are secreting a particular protein (usually a cytokine). It was first developed by Manz et al. in 1995.
Usually, a cell that is secreting the protein of interest is isolated using an antibody-antibody complex that coats the cell and is able to "catch" the secreted molecules. The cell is then detected by another fluorochrome-labelled antibody, and is subsequently extracted using a process called fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS). The FACS method is broadly similar to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody format, except that the encapsulated cells remain intact. This is advantageous as the cells are still living after the extraction has taken place.
Further advances now mean that it is possible to extract the secreting cells using a magnetic-based separation system or using a flow cytometer.
A number of commercial applications exist for secretion assay. One such example is the Gel Microdrop (GMD) technology, developed by One Cell Systems. One Cell asserts that GMD typically recovers a higher number of viable secreting cells than other methods, whilst ignoring any cells which are not secreting the desired protein.
References
Further reading
External links
One Cell Systems - Gel Microdrop (GMD) Secretion Assay technology.
Cytokines
Protein methods
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoporphyrinogen%20oxidase
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Protoporphyrinogen oxidase or protox is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPOX gene.
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase is responsible for the seventh step in biosynthesis of protoporphyrin IX. This porphyrin is the precursor to hemoglobin, the oxygen carrier in animals, and chlorophyll, the dye in plants. The enzyme catalyzes the dehydrogenation (removal of hydrogen atoms) of protoporphyrinogen IX (the product of the sixth step in the production of heme) to form protoporphyrin IX. One additional enzyme must modify protoporphyrin IX before it becomes heme. Inhibition of this enzyme is a strategy used in certain herbicides.
Gene
The PPOX gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 1 at position 22, from base pair 157,949,266 to base pair 157,954,082.
Function
This gene encodes the penultimate enzyme of heme biosynthesis, which catalyzes the 6-electron oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX to form protoporphyrin IX. This protein is a flavoprotein associated with the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Heme biosynthetic pathway
The following genes encode enzymes that catalyze the various steps in the heme biosynthetic pathway:
ALAD: aminolevulinate, delta-, dehydratase
ALAS1: aminolevulinate, delta-, synthase 1
ALAS2: aminolevulinate, delta-, synthase 2 (sideroblastic/hypochromic anemia)
CPOX: coproporphyrinogen oxidase
FECH: ferrochelatase (protoporphyria)
HMBS: hydroxymethylbilane synthase
PPOX: protoporphyrinogen oxidase
UROD: uroporphyr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsallis%20statistics
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The term Tsallis statistics usually refers to the collection of mathematical functions and associated probability distributions that were originated by Constantino Tsallis. Using that collection, it is possible to derive Tsallis distributions from the optimization of the Tsallis entropic form. A continuous real parameter q can be used to adjust the distributions, so that distributions which have properties intermediate to that of Gaussian and Lévy distributions can be created. The parameter q represents the degree of non-extensivity of the distribution. Tsallis statistics are useful for characterising complex, anomalous diffusion.
Tsallis functions
The q-deformed exponential and logarithmic functions were first introduced in Tsallis statistics in 1994. However, the q-deformation is the Box–Cox transformation for , proposed by George Box and David Cox in 1964.
q-exponential
The q-exponential is a deformation of the exponential function using the real parameter q.
Note that the q-exponential in Tsallis statistics is different from a version used elsewhere.
q-logarithm
The q-logarithm is the inverse of q-exponential and a deformation of the logarithm using the real parameter q.
Inverses
These functions have the property that
Analysis
The limits of the above expression can be understood by considering
for the exponential function and
for the logarithm.
See also
Tsallis entropy
Tsallis distribution
q-Gaussian
q-exponential distribution
q-Weibull distribution
Ref
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysferlin
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Dysferlin also known as dystrophy-associated fer-1-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DYSF gene. Dysferlin is linked with plasma membrane repair., stabilization of calcium signaling and the development of the T-tubule system of the muscle A defect in the DYSF gene, located on chromosome 2p12-14, results in several types of muscular dystrophy; including Miyoshi myopathy (MM), Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) and Distal Myopathy (DM). A reduction or absence of dysferlin, termed dysferlinopathy, usually becomes apparent in the third or fourth decade of life and is characterised by weakness and wasting of various voluntary skeletal muscles. Pathogenic mutations leading to dysferlinopathy can occur throughout the DYSF gene.
Structure
The human dysferlin protein is a 237 kilodalton type-II transmembrane protein. It contains a large intracellular cytoplasmic N-terminal domain, an extreme C-terminal transmembrane domain, and a short C-terminal extracellular domain. The cytosolic domain of dysferlin is composed of seven highly conserved C2 domains (C2A-G) which are conserved across several proteins within the ferlin family, including dysferlin homolog myoferlin. In fact, the C2 domain at any given position is more similar to the C2 domain at the corresponding position within other ferlin family members than the adjacent C2 domain within the same protein. This suggests that each individual C2 domain may in fact play a specific role in dysferlin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapeutic%20target
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Therapeutic target may refer to:
Biological target, a protein or nucleic acid whose activity can be modified by an external stimulus
Therapeutic Targets Database, a database to provide information about the known and explored therapeutic targets
Therapeutic target range, an alternative reference range
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20frequency%20multiplier
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An optical frequency multiplier is a nonlinear optical device in which photons interacting with a nonlinear material are effectively "combined" to form new photons with greater energy, and thus higher frequency (and shorter wavelength). Two types of devices are currently common: frequency doublers, often based on lithium niobate (LN), lithium tantalate (LT), potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) or lithium triborate (LBO), and frequency triplers typically made of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). Both are widely used in optical experiments that use lasers as a light source.
Harmonic generation
There are two processes that are commonly used to achieve the conversion: second-harmonic generation (SHG, also called frequency doubling), or sum-frequency generation which sums two non-similar frequencies. Direct third-harmonic generation (THG, also called frequency tripling) also exists and can be used to detect an interface between materials of different excitability. For example, it has been used to extract the outline of cells in embryos, where the cells are separated by water.
Lasers
Optical frequency multipliers are common in high-power lasers, notably those used for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments. ICF attempts to use a laser to heat and compress a target containing fusion fuel, and it was found in experiments with the Shiva laser that the infrared frequencies generated by the laser lost most of its energy in the hot electrons being generated early in the heat
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume%20fraction
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In chemistry and fluid mechanics, the volume fraction φi is defined as the volume of a constituent Vi divided by the volume of all constituents of the mixture V prior to mixing:
Being dimensionless, its unit is 1; it is expressed as a number, e.g., 0.18. It is the same concept as volume percent (vol%) except that the latter is expressed with a denominator of 100, e.g., 18%.
The volume fraction coincides with the volume concentration in ideal solutions where the volumes of the constituents are additive (the volume of the solution is equal to the sum of the volumes of its ingredients).
The sum of all volume fractions of a mixture is equal to 1:
The volume fraction (percentage by volume, vol%) is one way of expressing the composition of a mixture with a dimensionless quantity; mass fraction (percentage by weight, wt%) and mole fraction (percentage by moles, mol%) are others.
Volume concentration and volume percent
Volume percent is the concentration of a certain solute, measured by volume, in a solution. It has as a denominator the volume of the mixture itself, as usual for expressions of concentration, rather than the total of all the individual components’ volumes prior to mixing:
Volume percent is usually used when the solution is made by mixing two fluids, such as liquids or gases. However, percentages are only additive for ideal gases.
The percentage by volume (vol%) is one way of expressing the composition of a mixture with a dimensionless quantity; mass fraction (
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKP%20classification%20system
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PKP classification system (Polish locomotive designation) is a system of assigning letters and numbers to series and individual locomotives used by the PKP - Polish national railroad operator.
The system was introduced for the steam stock by the Ministry of Railways on 3 November 1922, shortly after Poland regained her independence (1918) when the Polish railroads inherited a variety of German, Austrian and Russian steam locomotives, each with its own type convention. It was put into use in 1923–1926 years. The adopted solution allows telling the locomotive type (passenger/freight/mixed), wheel arrangement, origin and some other information from the type designation. After World War II a similar system was also adapted for diesel and electric locomotives.
Electric and diesel locomotives
In the case of electric and diesel locomotives, and multiple units, a designation consists of two capital letters and two digits, without a space between letters and digits. The first letter E or S indicates a kind of traction (electric or diesel), the second letter indicates a locomotive purpose. Digits mark subsequent classes, and their ranges also carry additional information on construction features. Some railcar classes have three digits.
First letter
E - electric locomotive ()
S - diesel locomotive ()
Second letter
Locomotives
P - passenger locomotive ()
T - freight locomotive ()
U - mixed-traffic locomotive ( - universal)
M - shunting locomotive ()
Electric multiple units
W - fo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen%20branching%20enzyme
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1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme, also known as brancher enzyme or glycogen-branching enzyme is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GBE1 gene.
Glycogen branching enzyme is an enzyme that adds branches to the growing glycogen molecule during the synthesis of glycogen, a storage form of glucose. More specifically, during glycogen synthesis, a glucose 1-phosphate molecule reacts with uridine triphosphate (UTP) to become UDP-glucose, an activated form of glucose. The activated glucosyl unit of UDP-glucose is then transferred to the hydroxyl group at the C-4 of a terminal residue of glycogen to form an α-1,4-glycosidic linkage, a reaction catalyzed by glycogen synthase. Importantly, glycogen synthase can only catalyze the synthesis of α-1,4-glycosidic linkages. Since glycogen is a readily mobilized storage form of glucose, the extended glycogen polymer is branched by glycogen branching enzyme to provide glycogen breakdown enzymes, such as glycogen phosphorylase, with many terminal residues for rapid degradation. Branching also importantly increases the solubility and decreases the osmotic strength of glycogen.
The protein encoded by this gene is a glycogen branching enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of alpha-1,4-linked glucosyl units from the outer end of a glycogen chain to an alpha-1,6 position on the same or a neighboring glycogen chain. Branching of the chains is essential to increase the solubility of the glycogen molecule and, consequently, in reducing the osmotic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA%20World%20Cup%20records%20and%20statistics
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As of the 2022 FIFA World Cup, 80 national teams have competed at the finals of the FIFA World Cup. Brazil is the only team to have appeared in all 22 tournaments to date, with Germany having participated in 20, Italy and Argentina in 18 and Mexico in 17. Eight nations have won the tournament. The inaugural winners in 1930 were Uruguay; the current champions are Argentina. The most successful nation is Brazil, which has won the cup on five occasions. Five teams have appeared in FIFA World Cup finals without winning, while twelve more have appeared in the semi-finals.
List of tournaments
Overall team records
The system used in the World Cup up to 1990 was 2 points for a win. In this ranking 3 points are awarded for a win, 1 for a draw and 0 for a loss. As per statistical convention in football, matches decided in extra time are counted as wins and losses, while matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws. Teams are ranked by total points, then by goal difference, then by goals scored.
Breakdown of successor team records
Finals records by team
Teams statistics
Note: In case there are teams with equal quantities, they will be mentioned in chronological order of tournament history (the teams that attained the quantity first, are listed first). If the quantity was attained by more than one team in the same tournament, the teams will be listed alphabetically.
For a detailed list of top four appearances, see FIFA World Cup results.
Most titles
– 5 (1958, 1962
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-cell%20vaccination
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T-cell vaccination is immunization with inactivated autoreactive T cells. The concept of T-cell vaccination is, at least partially, analogous to classical vaccination against infectious disease. However, the agents to be eliminated or neutralized are not foreign microbial agents but a pathogenic autoreactive T-cell population. Research on T-cell vaccination so far has focused mostly on multiple sclerosis and to a lesser extent on rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and AIDS.
References
Immunology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-cell%20vaccine
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A T-cell vaccine is a vaccine designed to induce protective T-cells.
T-cell vaccines are designed to induce cellular immunity. They are also referred to as cell-mediated immune (CMI) vaccines.
It is thought that they can be more effective than conventional B-cell vaccines for protection from microbes that hide inside host cells, and viruses (such as HIV or influenza) that mutate rapidly.
T-cell vaccines underwent clinical trials for HIV/AIDS.
none have been approved.
As December 2020, The Pfizer-BioNTech Covid jab passed the FDA's emergency use authorization and became the first FDA authorized T cell vaccine.
References
Vaccines
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime%20Evil%20%28Buffy%20novel%29
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Prime Evil is an original novel based on the U.S. television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Tagline: 'Infinity awaits an ancient evil'.
Plot summary
Crystal Gregory is a beautiful new teacher at Sunnydale High, who also happens to give Buffy panic fits whenever she's in the same room as her. Buffy can't sense anything unusual about the teacher and begins to wonder if she's losing her mind. But lately, Anya and Michael seem to be getting awfully close to Crystal and would appear to do anything for her. While out for her usual patrol at night, Buffy has two strange encounters; one, a man is completely incinerated by red and lighting and the other being a girl from school who has a burn mark on her neck in the shape of the symbol for infinity. As soon as Giles gets cracking on his books, he finds out that Crystal is in fact Shugra, a powerful primal witch which is trying to activate the source. She needs a coven of 13 willing people to participate in order to draw the proper energy, unfortunately, it seems that Willow is one of those people.
Cordelia is nervous about her father's tax position but does not tell the others. This foreshadows later events. Giles and Joyce are nervous in each other's company
Characters include: Buffy, Joyce, Giles, Xander, Anya, Cordelia, Willow, and Oz
Continuity
Late in Buffy season 3 but before "Earshot". Apart from a mistake over Angel's age, this book closely follows the Buffyverse's established 'canon'.
Canonical issues
Buffy novels su
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/22%20equal%20temperament
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In music, 22 equal temperament, called 22-TET, 22-EDO, or 22-ET, is the tempered scale derived by dividing the octave into 22 equal steps (equal frequency ratios). Each step represents a frequency ratio of , or 54.55 cents ().
When composing with 22-ET, one needs to take into account a variety of considerations. Considering the 5-limit, there is a difference between 3 fifths and the sum of 1 fourth + 1 major third. It means that, starting from C, there are two A's - one 16 steps and one 17 steps away. There is also a difference between a major tone and a minor tone. In C major, the second note (D) will be 4 steps away. However, in A minor, where A is 6 steps below C, the fourth note (D) will be 9 steps above A, so 3 steps above C. So when switching from C major to A minor, one need to slightly change the note D. These discrepancies arise because, unlike 12-ET, 22-ET does not temper out the syntonic comma of 81/80, and in fact exaggerates its size by mapping it to one step.
Extending 22-ET to the 7-limit, we find the septimal minor seventh (7/4) can be distinguished from the sum of a fifth (3/2) and a minor third (6/5). Also the septimal subminor third (7/6) is different from the minor third (6/5). This mapping tempers out the septimal comma of 64/63, which allows 22-ET to function as a "Superpythagorean" system where four stacked fifths are equated with the septimal major third (9/7) rather than the usual pental third of 5/4. This system is a "mirror image" of septimal mea
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup%20J%20%28Y-DNA%29
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Haplogroup J-M304, also known as J, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is believed to have evolved in Western Asia. The clade spread from there during the Neolithic, primarily into North Africa, the Horn of Africa, the Socotra Archipelago, the Caucasus, Europe, Western Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.
Haplogroup J-M304 is divided into two main subclades (branches), J-M267 and J-M172.
Origins
Haplogroup J-M304 is believed to have split from the haplogroup I-M170 roughly 43,000 years ago in Western Asia, as both lineages are haplogroup IJ subclades. Haplogroup IJ and haplogroup K derive from haplogroup IJK, and only at this level of classification does haplogroup IJK join with Haplogroup G-M201 and Haplogroup H as immediate descendants of Haplogroup F-M89. J-M304 (Transcaucasian origin) is defined by the M304 genetic marker, or the equivalent 12f2.1 marker. The main current subgroups J-M267 (Armenia highlands origin) and J-M172 (Zagros mountains origin), which now comprise between them almost all of the haplogroup's descendant lineages, are both believed to have arisen very early, at least 10,000 years ago. Nonetheless, Y-chromosomes F-M89* and IJ-M429* were reported to have been observed in the Iranian plateau (Grugni et al. 2012).
On the other hand, it would seem to be that different episodes of populace movement had impacted southeast Europe, as well as the role of the Balkans as a long-standing corridor to Europe from the Near East is shown by
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup%20E-M215
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E-M215, also known as E1b1b-M215, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. E-M215 has two basal branches, E-M35 and E-M281. E-M35 is primarily distributed in North Africa and the Horn of Africa, and occurs at lower frequencies in the Middle East, Europe, and Southern Africa. E-M281 occurs at a low frequency in Ethiopia.
Origins
The origins of E-M215 were dated by Cruciani in 2007 to about 22,400 years ago in East Africa.
Ancient DNA
According to Lazaridis et al. (2016), Natufian skeletal remains from the ancient Levant predominantly carried the Y-DNA haplogroup E1b1b. Of the five Natufian specimens analysed for paternal lineages, three belonged to the E1b1b1b2(xE1b1b1b2a,E1b1b1b2b), E1b1(xE1b1a1,E1b1b1b1) and E1b1b1b2(xE1b1b1b2a,E1b1b1b2b) subclades (60%). Haplogroup E1b1b was also found at moderate frequencies among fossils from the ensuing Pre-Pottery Neolithic B culture, with the E1b1b1 and E1b1b1b2(xE1b1b1b2a,E1b1b1b2b) subclades observed in two of seven PPNB specimens (~29%). The scientists suggest that the Levantine early farmers may have spread southward into East Africa, bringing along Western Eurasian and Basal Eurasian ancestral components separate from that which would arrive later in North Africa.
Additionally, haplogroup E1b1b1 has been found in an ancient Egyptian mummy excavated at the Abusir el-Meleq archaeological site in Middle Egypt, which dates from a period between the late New Kingdom and the Roman era. Fossils at the Iberomaurusian site of Ifri N'Am
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encarna%20S%C3%A1nchez
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Encarna Sánchez (September 19, 1935 – April 5, 1996) was an influential Spanish talk radio host and current events commentator. Generally viewed as a conservative, her views were of great influence on working, middle classes and ruling Governments in Spain at that time. She was well known for her coverage of political scandals, such as those surrounding the collapse of Felipe González's government in 1996. She won three Ondas Awards, an annual recognition given in Spain to major media personalities and shows.
Nevertheless, her show was not explicitly political, and concerned itself with general issues relevant to the Spanish public. Her subject matter could be roughly compared to that of The Oprah Winfrey Show, though Sánchez particularly emphasized social issues. She is known for keeping in touch with her listeners’ daily problems through the show's long call-in segments.
Style
Her style was aggressive at times, more subdued and sympathetic in interviews. When she first appeared on radio, her powerful, slightly hoarse voice assisted her in drawing casual listeners surfing the airwaves. At the height of her popularity, she dominated the early evening timeslot, with ratings comparable to morning host Luis del Olmo, and midnight sports host José María García, of Supergarcia fame. Like García, but unlike del Olmo, she had many prominent enemies on whom she dealt especially strong criticism. Some were famous entertainment personalities, such as TV hosts whose shows she found di
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruskal%27s%20tree%20theorem
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In mathematics, Kruskal's tree theorem states that the set of finite trees over a well-quasi-ordered set of labels is itself well-quasi-ordered under homeomorphic embedding.
History
The theorem was conjectured by Andrew Vázsonyi and proved by ; a short proof was given by . It has since become a prominent example in reverse mathematics as a statement that cannot be proved in ATR0 (a second-order arithmetic theory with a form of arithmetical transfinite recursion).
In 2004, the result was generalized from trees to graphs as the Robertson–Seymour theorem, a result that has also proved important in reverse mathematics and leads to the even-faster-growing SSCG function which dwarfs TREE(3). A finitary application of the theorem gives the existence of the fast-growing TREE function.
Statement
The version given here is that proven by Nash-Williams; Kruskal's formulation is somewhat stronger. All trees we consider are finite.
Given a tree with a root, and given vertices , , call a successor of if the unique path from the root to contains , and call an immediate successor of if additionally the path from to contains no other vertex.
Take to be a partially ordered set. If , are rooted trees with vertices labeled in , we say that is inf-embeddable in and write if there is an injective map from the vertices of to the vertices of such that
For all vertices of , the label of precedes the label of ,
If is any successor of in , then is a successor of , and
If , a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Star%20Packer
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The Star Packer is a 1934 Western film directed by Robert N. Bradbury and starring John Wayne, George "Gabby" Hayes, Yakima Canutt, and Verna Hillie.
Plot
U.S. Marshal John Travers becomes the sheriff of a turn-of-the-20th century western town where several murders have occurred, hoping to flush out an outlaw known only as "The Shadow". He is aided by an Indian friend he asks to come help him. Anita Matlock, daughter of deceased, and niece of current Matlock ranch owner, arrives from back east at the same time.
After watching a stage holdup, Travers and his Indian friend discretely follow the robbers back to the town where the robbers are heard conversing with someone in what seems to be an empty room at the saloon, and later follow them to a hideout close to the Matlock ranch. In town, the "empty" room is found to have secret passages including a secret way to shoot people on the main street of town.
Out at Matlock ranch, Travers gives Anita a gun. Someone at the ranch telephones the robber's hideout to set up a road ambush on Travers and Anita, but Anita foils the plan with the gun given to her.
After arresting the suspected robbers, Travers makes one of them go back to the special room for instructions, where Travers overhears a plot to murder most of the town with a machine gun coming from the hideout on a wagon, and to murder him from the secret outlook onto the street.
He deputizes the townsfolk and they intercept the machine gun before it gets to town, and he sho
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nottj%C3%A4rn
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Nottjärn is a small lake in the city of Ludvika, Sweden. It is a popular place to swim in the summer.
Lakes of Dalarna County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fano%27s%20inequality
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In information theory, Fano's inequality (also known as the Fano converse and the Fano lemma) relates the average information lost in a noisy channel to the probability of the categorization error. It was derived by Robert Fano in the early 1950s while teaching a Ph.D. seminar in information theory at MIT, and later recorded in his 1961 textbook.
It is used to find a lower bound on the error probability of any decoder as well as the lower bounds for minimax risks in density estimation.
Let the random variables and represent input and output messages with a joint probability . Let represent an occurrence of error; i.e., that , with being an approximate version of . Fano's inequality is
where denotes the support of ,
is the conditional entropy,
is the probability of the communication error, and
is the corresponding binary entropy.
Proof
Define an indicator random variable , that indicates the event that our estimate is in error,
Consider . We can use the chain rule for entropies to expand this in two different ways
Equating the two
Expanding the right most term,
Since means ; being given the value of allows us to know the value of with certainty. This makes the term .
On the other hand, means that , hence given the value of , we can narrow down to one of different values, allowing us to upper bound the conditional entropy . Hence
The other term, , because conditioning reduces entropy. Because of the way is defined, , meaning that . Putting it all tog
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar%20body
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A polar body is a small haploid cell that is formed at the same time as an egg cell during oogenesis, but generally does not have the ability to be fertilized. It is named from its polar position in the egg.
When certain diploid cells in animals undergo cytokinesis after meiosis to produce egg cells, they sometimes divide unevenly. Most of the cytoplasm is segregated into one daughter cell, which becomes the egg or ovum, while the smaller polar bodies only get a small amount of cytoplasm. They frequently die and disintegrate by apoptosis, but in some cases remain and can be important in the life cycle of the organism.
Twinning
Polar body twinning is a hypothesized form of twinning in meiosis, where one or more polar bodies do not disintegrate and are fertilized by sperm.
Twinning would occur, in principle, if the egg cell and a polar body were both fertilized by separate sperms. However, even if fertilization occurs, further development would usually not occur because the zygote formed by the fusion of the sperm and polar body would not have enough cytoplasm or stored nutrients to feed the developing embryo.
Polar bodies were first reported in 1824 by Carus in gastropods, but their role was not clarified until the work of Butschli in 1875, Giard in 1876, and finally Hertwig in 1877. These structures were often confused with egg fragments or expelled yolk masses, but were eventually referred to as directional bodies (or Richtungskörper), a term implying the place where the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20additive%20model
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In statistics, a generalized additive model (GAM) is a generalized linear model in which the linear response variable depends linearly on unknown smooth functions of some predictor variables, and interest focuses on inference about these smooth functions.
GAMs were originally developed by Trevor Hastie and Robert Tibshirani to blend properties of generalized linear models with additive models. They can be interpreted as the discriminative generalization of the naive Bayes generative model.
The model relates a univariate response variable, Y, to some predictor variables, xi. An exponential family distribution is specified for Y (for example normal, binomial or Poisson distributions) along with a link function g (for example the identity or log functions) relating the expected value of Y to the predictor variables via a structure such as
The functions fi may be functions with a specified parametric form (for example a polynomial, or an un-penalized regression spline of a variable) or may be specified non-parametrically, or semi-parametrically, simply as 'smooth functions', to be estimated by non-parametric means. So a typical GAM might use a scatterplot smoothing function, such as a locally weighted mean, for f1(x1), and then use a factor model for f2(x2). This flexibility to allow non-parametric fits with relaxed assumptions on the actual relationship between response and predictor, provides the potential for better fits to data than purely parametric models, but arguabl
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fog%20%28disambiguation%29
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Fog is a visible mass consisting of cloud water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near the Earth's surface.
Fog or FOG may also refer to:
Poetry and books
"Fog" (poem), by Carl Sandburg
Fog, a 1933 novel by Valentine Williams and Dorothy Rice Sims
The Fog (novel), a 1975 British horror novel by James Herbert
Film and television
The Fog (1923 film), 1923 American silent drama film directed by Paul Powell
Fog (1932 film), a French Spanish-language drama
Fog (1933 film), an American pre-Code film
The Fog (1980 film), a 1980 American horror film
The Fog (soundtrack)
The Fog (2005 film), an American-Canadian remake of the 1980 horror film
"The Fog" (Mad Men), a 2009 episode of the American television series
Music
Fog (band), an American indie rock band
"Fog", a song by Radiohead released on the single "Knives Out"
"Fog (Again)", a song by Radiohead released on the compilation Com Lag
"Fog", a song by Italian death metal band Sadist from Lego
"The Fog", a song by English singer Kate Bush from her 1989 album The Sensual World
Mgła (English: Fog), a Polish black metal band
People
Fog (surname), list of people with the surname
Places
Fog Bay, Antarctica
Fog Bay, Northern Territory, Australia
Fog Bay and Finniss River Floodplains, Australia
Foggia "Gino Lisa" Airport, Italy
Forest Gate railway station, England
Science and engineering
Fats, Oils and Grease (FOG); see Grease trap
FOG1, friend of GATA1, a protein encoded by the ZFPM1 gene
D
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baillie%E2%80%93PSW%20primality%20test
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The Baillie–PSW primality test is a probabilistic or possibly deterministic primality testing algorithm that determines whether a number is composite or is a probable prime. It is named after Robert Baillie, Carl Pomerance, John Selfridge, and Samuel Wagstaff.
The Baillie–PSW test is a combination of a strong Fermat probable prime test to base 2 and a standard or strong Lucas probable prime test. The Fermat and Lucas test each have their own list of pseudoprimes, that is, composite numbers that pass the test. For example, the first ten strong pseudoprimes to base 2 are
2047, 3277, 4033, 4681, 8321, 15841, 29341, 42799, 49141, and 52633 .
The first ten strong Lucas pseudoprimes (with Lucas parameters (P, Q) defined by Selfridge's Method A) are
5459, 5777, 10877, 16109, 18971, 22499, 24569, 25199, 40309, and 58519 .
There is no known overlap between these lists, and there is even evidence that the numbers tend to be of different kind, in fact even with standard and not strong Lucas test there is no known overlap. For example, Fermat pseudoprimes to base 2 tend to fall into the residue class 1 (mod m) for many small m, whereas Lucas pseudoprimes tend to fall into the residue class −1 (mod m). As a result, a number that passes both a strong Fermat base 2 and a strong Lucas test is very likely to be prime. If you choose a random base, there might be some composite n that passes both the Fermat and Lucas tests. For example, n=5777 is a strong psp base 76, and is also a strong L
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FCAS
|
FCAS may refer to:
Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, a genetic disease
Fellow of the Casualty Actuarial Society, a U.S. professional society
Frequency Control Ancillary Services for electric power grids
Future Combat Air System, a sixth-generation fighter jet currently in development by France, Germany, and Spain
Future Combat Air System (UK), a sixth-generation fighter jet, the BAE Systems Tempest, and related technologies currently under development by the United Kingdom, Italy and Sweden.
FCA Serbia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cdc25
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Cdc25 is a dual-specificity phosphatase first isolated from the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a cell cycle defective mutant. As with other cell cycle proteins or genes such as Cdc2 and Cdc4, the "cdc" in its name refers to "cell division control".
Dual-specificity phosphatases are considered a sub-class of protein tyrosine phosphatases. By removing inhibitory phosphate residues from target cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), Cdc25 proteins control entry into and progression through various phases of the cell cycle, including mitosis and S ("Synthesis") phase.
Function in activating Cdk1
Cdc25 activates cyclin dependent kinases by removing phosphate from residues in the Cdk active site. In turn, the phosphorylation by M-Cdk (a complex of Cdk1 and cyclin B) activates Cdc25. Together with Wee1, M-Cdk activation is switch-like. The switch-like behavior forces entry into mitosis to be quick and irreversible. Cdk activity can be reactivated after dephosphorylation by Cdc25. The Cdc25 enzymes Cdc25A-C are known to control the transitions from G1 to S phase and G2 to M phase.
Structure
The structure of Cdc25 proteins can be divided into two main regions: the N-terminal region, which is highly divergent and contains sites for its phosphorylation and ubiquitination, which regulate the phosphatase activity; and the C-terminal region, which is highly homologous and contains the catalytic site.
Evolution and species distribution
Cdc25 enzymes are well conserved through evolution, a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foster%27s%20reactance%20theorem
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Foster's reactance theorem is an important theorem in the fields of electrical network analysis and synthesis. The theorem states that the reactance of a passive, lossless two-terminal (one-port) network always strictly monotonically increases with frequency. It is easily seen that the reactances of inductors and capacitors individually increase with frequency and from that basis a proof for passive lossless networks generally can be constructed. The proof of the theorem was presented by Ronald Martin Foster in 1924, although the principle had been published earlier by Foster's colleagues at American Telephone & Telegraph.
The theorem can be extended to admittances and the encompassing concept of immittances. A consequence of Foster's theorem is that zeros and poles of the reactance must alternate with frequency. Foster used this property to develop two canonical forms for realising these networks. Foster's work was an important starting point for the development of network synthesis.
It is possible to construct non-Foster networks using active components such as amplifiers. These can generate an impedance equivalent to a negative inductance or capacitance. The negative impedance converter is an example of such a circuit.
Explanation
Reactance is the imaginary part of the complex electrical impedance. Both capacitors and inductors possess reactance (but of opposite sign) and are frequency dependent. The specification that the network must be passive and lossless
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VRG
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VRG may refer to:
British Virgin Islands, ITU country code
Varig, a Brazilian airline
Ventral respiratory group, a column of neurons located in the medulla
Viktor Rydberg Gymnasium, a group of Swedish schools
Vintage Racer Group, a vintage racing group in the United States
Virtual Racing Group, more important simracing group in Italy
Virchand Gandhi, an Indian Patriot
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LOF
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LOF may refer to:
In acronyms and codes:
Lack-of-fit test (disambiguation), a concept in statistics
Libbey–Owens–Ford, an automotive and building glass manufacturer
Lloyd's Open Form: a type of salvage agreement offered by Lloyd's of London
Local Outlier Factor, an anomaly detection algorithm
Lok Fu station, Hong Kong (MTR station code)
London & Overseas Freighters, a defunct UK merchant shipping company
London Fields railway station, England (National Rail station code)
Trans States Airlines (ICAO designator)
Leftöver Crack, a NYC crust punk band
In other uses:
Lof, a Chilean ethnic group
Löf, a municipality in Germany
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLH
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CLH may refer to:
Science
Chlorophyllase, an enzyme
Hydrogen chloride, a chemical compound
Companies
CLH (company), a Spanish petroleum logistics company comprising Compañía Logística de Hidrocarburos and others
CLH Pipeline System (CLH-PS), a UK system run by Compañía Logística de Hidrocarburos
Lufthansa CityLine (ICAO code), a German airline
Coolah Airport, IATA airport code "CLH"
See also
CLHS (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20hitchhiking
|
Genetic hitchhiking, also called genetic draft or the hitchhiking effect, is when an allele changes frequency not because it itself is under natural selection, but because it is near another gene that is undergoing a selective sweep and that is on the same DNA chain. When one gene goes through a selective sweep, any other nearby polymorphisms that are in linkage disequilibrium will tend to change their allele frequencies too. Selective sweeps happen when newly appeared (and hence still rare) mutations are advantageous and increase in frequency. Neutral or even slightly deleterious alleles that happen to be close by on the chromosome 'hitchhike' along with the sweep. In contrast, effects on a neutral locus due to linkage disequilibrium with newly appeared deleterious mutations are called background selection. Both genetic hitchhiking and background selection are stochastic (random) evolutionary forces, like genetic drift.
History
The term hitchhiking was coined in 1974 by Maynard Smith and John Haigh. Subsequently the phenomenon was studied by John H. Gillespie and others.
Outcomes
Hitchhiking occurs when a polymorphism is in linkage disequilibrium with a second locus that is undergoing a selective sweep. The allele that is linked to the adaptation will increase in frequency, in some cases until it becomes fixed in the population. The other allele, which is linked to the non-advantageous version, will decrease in frequency, in some cases until extinction. Overall, hitchhiki
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invader%20potential
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Ecologically, invader potential is the qualitative and quantitative measures of a given invasive species probability to invade a given ecosystem. This is often seen through climate matching. There are many reasons why a species may invade a new area. The term invader potential may also be interchangeable with invasiveness. Invader potential is a large threat to global biodiversity. It has been shown that there is an ecosystem function loss due to the introduction of species in areas they are not native to.
Invaders are species that, through biomass, abundance, and strong interactions with natives, have significantly altered the structure and composition of the established community. This differs greatly from the term "introduced", which merely refers to species that have been introduced to an environment, disregarding whether or not they have created a successful establishment.1 They are simply organisms that have been accidentally, or deliberately, placed into an unfamiliar area .2 Many times, in fact, species do not have a strong impact on the introduced habitat. This can be for a variety of reasons; either the newcomers are not abundant or because they are small and unobtrusive.1
Understanding the mechanisms of invader potential is important to understanding why species relocate and to predict future invasions. There are three predicted reasons as to why species invade an area. They are as follows: adaptation to physical environment, resource competition and/or utilizati
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20canal
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The central canal (also known as spinal foramen or ependymal canal) is the cerebrospinal fluid-filled space that runs through the spinal cord. The central canal lies below and is connected to the ventricular system of the brain, from which it receives cerebrospinal fluid, and shares the same ependymal lining. The central canal helps to transport nutrients to the spinal cord as well as protect it by cushioning the impact of a force when the spine is affected.
The central canal represents the adult remainder of the central cavity of the neural tube. It generally occludes (closes off) with age.
Structure
The central canal below at the ventricular system of the brain, beginning at a region called the obex where the fourth ventricle, a cavity present in the brainstem, narrows.
The central canal is located in the third of the spinal cord in the cervical and thoracic regions. In the lumbar spine it enlarges and is located more centrally. At the conus medullaris, where the spinal cord tapers, it is located more .
Terminal ventricle
The terminal ventricle (ventriculus terminalis, fifth ventricle or ampulla caudalis) is the widest part of the central canal of the spinal cord that is located at or near the conus medullaris. It was described by Stilling in 1859 and Krause in 1875. Krause introduced the term fifth ventricle after observation of normal ependymal cells. The central canal expands as a fusiform terminal ventricle, and approximately 8–10 mm in length in the conus medu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obex
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The obex (from the Latin for barrier) is the point in the human brain at which the fourth ventricle narrows to become the central canal of the spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid can flow from the fourth ventricle into the obex. In anatomical studies, the obex has been found to occur approximately 10-12 mm above the level of the foramen magnum. In patients with low tonsillar position, the obex has been found below the plane of the foramen magnum.
The obex occurs in the caudal medulla.
The decussation of sensory fibers happens at this point.
Clinical significance
Lesions at the location can result in obstructive hydrocephalus. The most common lesion at this location is a subependymoma, a benign tumor. Hemangioblastoma has been observed in this location.
Detection of prions
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) to test brain, lymph, and neuroendocrine tissues for the presence of the abnormal prion protein to diagnose wasting diseases like chronic wasting disease in deer. Positive IHC findings in the obex is considered the gold standard.
Additional images
References
Ventricular system
Medulla oblongata
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tube%20lemma
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In mathematics, particularly topology, the tube lemma, also called Wallace's theorem, is a useful tool in order to prove that the finite product of compact spaces is compact.
Statement
The lemma uses the following terminology:
If and are topological spaces and is the product space, endowed with the product topology, a slice in is a set of the form for .
A tube in is a subset of the form where is an open subset of . It contains all the slices for .
Using the concept of closed maps, this can be rephrased concisely as follows: if is any topological space and a compact space, then the projection map is closed.
Examples and properties
1. Consider in the product topology, that is the Euclidean plane, and the open set The open set contains but contains no tube, so in this case the tube lemma fails. Indeed, if is a tube containing and contained in must be a subset of for all which means contradicting the fact that is open in (because is a tube). This shows that the compactness assumption is essential.
2. The tube lemma can be used to prove that if and are compact spaces, then is compact as follows:
Let be an open cover of . For each , cover the slice by finitely many elements of (this is possible since is compact, being homeomorphic to ).
Call the union of these finitely many elements
By the tube lemma, there is an open set of the form containing and contained in
The collection of all for is an open cover of and hence has a f
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ajpesti%20TE
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Újpesti Torna Egylet (Újpesti TE or UTE) is a Hungarian sports society, based in Újpest, Budapest. The club, which was founded in 1885, includes sports sections that represent the club at ice hockey, men's water polo, women's volleyball, athletics, wrestling, judo, mud wrestling, flatwater canoeing/kayaking, karate, youth football, boxing, modern pentathlon, shooting, gymnastics, triathlon, swimming, and fencing. There is a leisure section and a section for the club's fans called 'circle of friends' (baráti kör).
The football team Újpest FC is also a part of the Újpesti TE family.
Departments
Team sports
Football:
men's football (since 1885)
women's football
Ice hockey:
men's ice hockey (since 1930)
women's ice hockey
Volleyball:
women's volleyball (1948–1990, since 1950)
Curling
Individual sports
Athletics (since 1903)
Boxing (since 1926)
Canoeing (since 1951)
Gymnastics
Fencing (since 1922)
Footgolf
Judo
Karate
Modern pentathlon (since 1962)
Shooting
Swimming (since 1910)
Skating
Taekwondo (since 2005)
Triathlon (since 1991)
Wrestling
E-sports
Dissolved departments
Water polo:
men's water polo (1891–2011)
Volleyball:
men's volleyball
Handball:
men's handball
women's handball
Supporters and rivalries
Supporters
Supporters of Újpest are mainly from the fourth district of Budapest, the eponymous Újpest. Due to the success in the 1970s, the club gained supporters from all over Budapest and the country.
Notable supporters
Zoltán Zana ("Ga
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labarthe-Rivi%C3%A8re
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Labarthe-Rivière (; ) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.
Geography
Climate
Labarthe-Rivière has a oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Labarthe-Rivière is . The average annual rainfall is with May as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Labarthe-Rivière was on 30 July 1983; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 9 January 1985.
Population
Gallery
See also
Communes of the Haute-Garonne department
References
Communes of Haute-Garonne
Haute-Garonne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioflavin
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Thioflavins are fluorescent dyes that are available as at least two compounds, namely Thioflavin T and Thioflavin S. Both are used for histology staining and biophysical studies of protein aggregation. In particular, these dyes have been used since 1989 to investigate amyloid formation. They are also used in biophysical studies of the electrophysiology of bacteria. Thioflavins are corrosive, irritants, and are acutely toxic, causing serious eye damage. Thioflavin T has been used in research into Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Thioflavin T
Thioflavin T (Basic Yellow 1, Methylene yellow, CI 49005, or ThT) is a benzothiazole salt obtained by the methylation of dehydrothiotoluidine with methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The dye is widely used to visualize and quantify the presence of misfolded protein aggregates called amyloid, both in vitro and in vivo (e.g., plaques composed of amyloid beta found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients).
When it binds to beta sheet-rich structures, such as those in amyloid aggregates, the dye displays enhanced fluorescence and a characteristic red shift of its emission spectrum. Additional studies also consider fluorescence changes as result of the interaction with double stranded DNA. This change in fluorescent behavior can be caused by many factors that affect the excited state charge distribution of thioflavin T, including binding to a rigid, highly-ordered nanopocket, and specific chemical i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20City%2C%20Manitoba
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Crystal City is an unincorporated community recognized as a local urban district in the Municipality of Louise within the Canadian province of Manitoba. It held village status prior to January 1, 2015. It is located on Highway 3, 16 kilometres north of the Canada–United States border and 200 kilometres southwest of Winnipeg.
In summer 1878, Thomas Greenway, who would later serve in the Manitoba Legislature and become Premier of Manitoba, traveled to the region. During the following winter, he organized the Rock Lake Colonization Co. In summer 1879, the party of eight men arrived at Crystal Creek. By 1882, Crystal City was a substantial town. The earliest newspaper reference is for the land development that year.
The community was moved near the railway, which is no longer in use, for more attraction. The local school is named after him: Thomas Greenway Middle School (TGMS). TGMS has grades 5–8, and the Crystal City Early Years School (CCEY) has grades K-4.
The community has a rich heritage as a thriving agricultural service centre. Since the 1960s, Crystal City has had to adapt to changes brought about by the trend toward larger farms and an aging population.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Crystal City had a population of 401 living in 193 of its 225 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 389. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Attractions
The Crystal City Printing Mus
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithmic%20state%20machine
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The algorithmic state machine (ASM) is a method for designing finite state machines (FSMs) originally developed by Thomas E. Osborne at the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) since 1960, introduced to and implemented at Hewlett-Packard in 1968, formalized and expanded since 1967 and written about by Christopher R. Clare since 1970. It is used to represent diagrams of digital integrated circuits. The ASM diagram is like a state diagram but more structured and, thus, easier to understand. An ASM chart is a method of describing the sequential operations of a digital system.
ASM method
The ASM method is composed of the following steps:
1. Create an algorithm, using pseudocode, to describe the desired operation of the device.
2. Convert the pseudocode into an ASM chart.
3. Design the datapath based on the ASM chart.
4. Create a detailed ASM chart based on the datapath.
5. Design the control logic based on the detailed ASM chart.
ASM chart
An ASM chart consists of an interconnection of four types of basic elements: state name, state box, decision box, and conditional outputs box. An ASM state, represented as a rectangle, corresponds to one state of a regular state diagram or finite state machine. The Moore type outputs are listed inside the box.
State Name: The name of the state is indicated inside the circle and the circle is placed in the top left corner or the name is placed without the circle.
State Box: The output of the state is indicated inside the rectangle bo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work%20%28thermodynamics%29
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Thermodynamic work is one of the principal processes by which a thermodynamic system can interact with its surroundings and exchange energy. This exchange results in externally measurable macroscopic forces on the system's surroundings, which can cause mechanical work, to lift a weight, for example, or cause changes in electromagnetic, or gravitational variables. The surroundings also can perform work on a thermodynamic system, which is measured by an opposite sign convention.
For thermodynamic work, appropriately chosen externally measured quantities are exactly matched by values of or contributions to changes in macroscopic internal state variables of the system, which always occur in conjugate pairs, for example pressure and volume or magnetic flux density and magnetization.
In the International System of Units (SI), work is measured in joules (symbol J). The rate at which work is performed is power, measured in joules per second, and denoted with the unit watt (W).
History
1824
Work, i.e. "weight lifted through a height", was originally defined in 1824 by Sadi Carnot in his famous paper Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire, where he used the term motive power for work. Specifically, according to Carnot:
We use here motive power to express the useful effect that a motor is capable of producing. This effect can always be likened to the elevation of a weight to a certain height. It has, as we know, as a measure, the product of the weight multiplied by the height to
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20national%20parks%20of%20Italy
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The national parks of Italy are protected natural areas terrestrial, marine, fluvial or lacustrine, which contain one or more intact ecosystems (or only partially altered by anthropic interventions) and/or one or more physical, geological, geomorphological, biological formations of national and international interest, for naturalistic, scientific, cultural, aesthetic, educational or recreational values, such as to justify the intervention of the State for their conservation.
There are 25 Italian national parks registered on the Official List of Protected Natural Areas (EUAP), and together cover an area of over , which correspond to approximately 5.3% of the Italian national territory. The parks are managed by the Ministry of the Environment based in Rome ().
List of Italian national parks
Parks established before the World War II
Parks established from the post-war period up to the 1980s
Parks established in the 1990s
Parks established in the 2000s
Parks established in 2010s
See also
Conservation in Italy
List of regional parks of Italy
List of Marine Protected Areas of Italy
References
Bibliography
External links
Italy
National parks
National parks
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ume%C3%A5%20School%20of%20Business
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The Umeå School of Business, Economics and Statistics, USBE, or Handelshögskolan vid Umeå Universitet, is the business school of Umeå University in the north of Sweden, founded in 1989 "to strengthen education in research and business while contributing to the community". About 2000 students currently study at USBE. The School offers one Bachelor program, four undergraduate programs (Civilekonomprogram), seven Master's degree programs (including the Erasmus Mundus Master Program in Strategic Project Management) and doctoral programs.
The International atmosphere is important to the business school and it offers one undergraduate program (the International Business Program) and all Master's programs and doctoral programs entirely in English. USBE also accept many international students as exchange or degree students.
USBE is located at the very heart of the University campus, a meeting-place for all academic disciplines, improving its opportunities to co-operate across traditional academic boundaries. It also gives USBE-students an opportunity to take an active part of student environment created for the 37 000 students at Umeå University.
Organization
Umeå School of Business, Economics and Statistics has three departments: the Department of Business Administration, the Department of Economics and the Department of Statistics.
USBE Career Center
USBE Career Center concentrates primarily on helping its graduates in the transition between graduation and the business world.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson%27s%20criteria
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Johnson's criteria, or the Johnson criteria, created by John Johnson, describe both spatial domain and frequency domain approaches to analyze the ability of observers to perform visual tasks using image intensifier technology. It was an important breakthrough in evaluating the performance of visual devices and guided the development of future systems. Using Johnson's criteria, many predictive models for sensor technology have been developed that predict the performance of sensor systems under different environmental and operational conditions.
History
Night vision systems enabled the measurement of visual thresholds following World War II. The 1950s also marked a time of notable development in the performance modeling of night vision imaging systems. From 1957 to 1958, Johnson, a United States Army Night Vision & Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) scientist, was working to develop methods of predicting target detection, orientation, recognition, and identification. Working with volunteer observers, Johnson used image intensifier equipment to measure the volunteer observer's ability to identify scale model targets under various conditions. His experiments produced the first empirical data on perceptual thresholds that was expressed in terms of line pairs. In the first Night Vision Image Intensifier Symposium in October 1958, Johnson presented his findings in a paper entitled "Analysis of Image Forming Systems", which contained the list that would later be known as Johnso
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-shift%20oscillator
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A phase-shift oscillator is a linear electronic oscillator circuit that produces a sine wave output. It consists of an inverting amplifier element such as a transistor or op amp with its output fed back to its input through a phase-shift network consisting of resistors and capacitors in a ladder network. The feedback network 'shifts' the phase of the amplifier output by 180 degrees at the oscillation frequency to give positive feedback. Phase-shift oscillators are often used at audio frequency as audio oscillators.
The filter produces a phase shift that increases with frequency. It must have a maximum phase shift of more than 180 degrees at high frequencies so the phase shift at the desired oscillation frequency can be 180 degrees. The most common phase-shift network cascades three identical resistor-capacitor stages that produce a phase shift of zero at low frequencies and 270° at high frequencies.
The first integrated circuit was a phase shift oscillator invented by Jack Kilby in 1958.
Implementations
Bipolar implementation
This schematic drawing shows the oscillator using a common-emitter connected bipolar transistor as an amplifier. The two resistors R and three capacitors C form the RC phase-shift network which provides feedback from collector to base of the transistor. Resistor Rb provides base bias current. Resistor Rc is the collector load resistor for the collector current. Resistor Rs isolates the circuit from the external load.
FET implementation
This circuit
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymorphism%20%28materials%20science%29
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In materials science, polymorphism describes the existence of a solid material in more than one form or crystal structure. Polymorphism is a form of isomerism. Any crystalline material can exhibit the phenomenon. Allotropy refers to polymorphism for chemical elements. Polymorphism is of practical relevance to pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, pigments, dyestuffs, foods, and explosives. According to IUPAC, a polymorphic transition is "A reversible transition of a solid crystalline phase at a certain temperature and pressure (the inversion point) to another phase of the same chemical composition with a different crystal structure." According to McCrone, polymorphs are "different in crystal structure but identical in the liquid or vapor states." Materials with two polymorphs are called dimorphic, with three polymorphs, trimorphic, etc.
In some cases, polymorphism was "discovered" on a computer by crystal structure prediction first, before chemists actually synthesize the crystal in the lab.
Examples
Many compounds exhibit polymorphism. It has been claimed that "every compound has different polymorphic forms, and that, in general, the number of forms known for a given compound is proportional to the time and money spent in research on that compound."
Organic compounds
Benzamide
The phenomenon was discovered in 1832 by Friedrich Wöhler and Justus von Liebig. They observed that the silky needles of freshly crystallized benzamide slowly converted to rhombic crystals. Present-da
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadvorna
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Nadvorna may refer to:
Nadvirna (also spelled Nadvorna), a city located in the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast in southwestern Ukraine
Nadvorna (Hasidic dynasty), a Hasidic rabbinical dynasty within Orthodox Judaism
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order%20%28exchange%29
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An order is an instruction to buy or sell on a trading venue such as a stock market, bond market, commodity market, financial derivative market or cryptocurrency exchange. These instructions can be simple or complicated, and can be sent to either a broker or directly to a trading venue via direct market access. There are some standard instructions for such orders.
Market order
A market order is a buy or sell order to be executed immediately at the current market prices. As long as there are willing sellers and buyers, market orders are filled. Market orders are used when certainty of execution is a priority over the price of execution.
A market order is the simplest of the order types. This order type does not allow any control over the price received. The order is filled at the best price available at the relevant time. In fast-moving markets, the price paid or received may be quite different from the last price quoted before the order was entered.
A market order may be split across multiple participants on the other side of the transaction, resulting in different prices for some of the shares. It is the most basic of all orders and therefore, they incur the lowest of commissions, from both online and traditional brokers.
Limit order
A limit order is an order to buy a security at no more than a specific price, or to sell a security at no less than a specific price (called "or better" for either direction). This gives the trader (customer) control over the price at which
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit-weighted%20regression
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In statistics, unit-weighted regression is a simplified and robust version (Wainer & Thissen, 1976) of multiple regression analysis where only the intercept term is estimated. That is, it fits a model
where each of the are binary variables, perhaps multiplied with an arbitrary weight.
Contrast this with the more common multiple regression model, where each predictor has its own estimated coefficient:
In the social sciences, unit-weighted regression is sometimes used for binary classification, i.e. to predict a yes-no answer where indicates "no", "yes". It is easier to interpret than multiple linear regression (known as linear discriminant analysis in the classification case).
Unit weights
Unit-weighted regression is a method of robust regression that proceeds in three steps. First, predictors for the outcome of interest are selected; ideally, there should be good empirical or theoretical reasons for the selection. Second, the predictors are converted to a standard form. Finally, the predictors are added together, and this sum is called the variate, which is used as the predictor of the outcome.
Burgess method
The Burgess method was first presented by the sociologist Ernest W. Burgess in a 1928 study to determine success or failure of inmates placed on parole. First, he selected 21 variables believed to be associated with parole success. Next, he converted each predictor to the standard form of zero or one (Burgess, 1928). When predictors had two values, the va
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempe%20chain
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In mathematics, a Kempe chain is a device used mainly in the study of the four colour theorem. Intuitively, it is a connected chain of points on a graph with alternating colors.
History
Kempe chains were first used by Alfred Kempe in his attempted proof of the four colour theorem. Even though his proof turned out to be incomplete, the method of Kempe chains is crucial to the successful modern proofs (Appel & Haken, Robertson et al., etc.). Furthermore, the method is used in the proof of the five-colour theorem by Percy John Heawood, a weaker form of the four-colour theorem.
Formal definition
The term "Kempe chain" is used in two different but related ways.
Suppose G is a graph with vertex set V, and we are given a colouring function
where S is a finite set of colours, containing at least two distinct colours a and b. If v is a vertex with colour a, then the (a, b)-Kempe chain of G containing v is the maximal connected subset of V which contains v and whose vertices are all coloured either a or b.
The above definition is what Kempe worked with. Typically the set S has four elements (the four colours of the four colour theorem), and c is a proper colouring, that is, each pair of adjacent vertices in V are assigned distinct colours.
A more general definition, which is used in the modern computer-based proofs of the four colour theorem, is the following. Suppose again that G is a graph, with edge set E, and this time we have a colouring function
If e is an edge assigned
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKBKAP
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IKBKAP (inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase complex-associated protein) is a human gene encoding the IKAP protein, which is ubiquitously expressed at varying levels in all tissue types, including brain cells. The IKAP protein is thought to participate as a sub-unit in the assembly of a six-protein putative human holo-Elongator complex, which allows for transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II. Further evidence has implicated the IKAP protein as being critical in neuronal development, and directs that decreased expression of IKAP in certain cell types is the molecular basis for the severe, neurodevelopmental disorder familial dysautonomia. Other pathways that have been connected to IKAP protein function in a variety of organisms include tRNA modification, cell motility, and cytosolic stress signalling.
Homologs of the IKBKAP gene have been identified in multiple other Eukaryotic model organisms. Notable homologs include Elp1 in yeast, Ikbkap in mice, and D-elp1 in fruit flies. The fruit fly homolog (D-elp1) has RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity and is involved in RNA interference.
The IKBKAP gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 9 at position 31, from base pair 108,709,355 to base pair 108,775,950.
Function and mechanism
Originally, it was proposed that the IKBKAP gene in humans was encoding a scaffolding protein (IKAP) for the IκB enzyme kinase (IKK) complex, which is involved in pro-inflammatory cytokine signal tr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysacusis
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Dysacusis is a hearing impairment characterized by difficulty in processing details of sound due to distortion in frequency or intensity rather than primarily a loss of the ability to perceive sound. The term is sometimes used to describe pain or discomfort due to sound, a condition also known as auditory dysaesthesia.
References
Communication disorders
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vmstat
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vmstat (virtual memory statistics) is a computer system monitoring tool that collects and displays summary information about operating system memory, processes, interrupts, paging and block I/O. Users of vmstat can specify a sampling interval which permits observing system activity in near-real time.
The vmstat tool is available on most Unix and Unix-like operating systems, such as FreeBSD, Linux or Solaris.
Syntax
The syntax and output of vmstat often differs slightly between different operating systems.
# vmstat 2 6
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- ----cpu----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa
0 0 2536 21496 185684 1353000 0 0 0 14 1 2 0 0 100 0
0 0 2536 21496 185684 1353000 0 0 0 28 1030 145 0 0 100 0
0 0 2536 21496 185684 1353000 0 0 0 0 1026 132 0 0 100 0
0 0 2536 21520 185684 1353000 0 0 0 0 1033 186 1 0 99 0
0 0 2536 21520 185684 1353000 0 0 0 0 1024 141 0 0 100 0
0 0 2536 21584 185684 1353000 0 0 0 0 1025 131 0 0 100 0
In the above example the tool reports every two seconds for six iterations.
We can get the customized or required outputs by using various options with the vmstat command.
# vmstat –s This option is used to get memory statistics.
# vmstat –d This option is used to get disk statistics.
See also
nmon — a system moni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iostat
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iostat (input/output statistics) is a computer system monitor tool used to collect and show operating system storage input and output statistics. It is often used to identify performance issues with storage devices, including local disks, or remote disks accessed over network file systems such as NFS. It can also be used to provide information about terminal (TTY) input and output, and also includes some basic CPU information.
Syntax and availability
iostat -x displays output where each line (row) gives numerical data for one device. The first column lists the device name, and subsequent columns show various statistics for that device. Columns include the average service time (svc_t, which includes not only the time a request is in the service queue, but also the seek time and transfer time), the average busy percentage (%b, essentially the proportion of time that the device is in use), and the percentage of time that the queue is not empty (%w, which means the proportion of time in which requests from the device have not yet been fulfilled).
It is best to run iostat specifying a time interval in seconds (for example iostat -x 30) in order to see the results over time. This is because otherwise, the output will reflect the values over the entire timespan since the system was last rebooted.
The iostat tool is available on most Unix and Unix-like operating systems, such as FreeBSD, macOS (com.apple.pkg.Core package), Linux (sysstat package), and Solaris. The syntax and outp
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germinal%20center
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Germinal centers or germinal centres (GCs) are transiently formed structures within B cell zone (follicles) in secondary lymphoid organs – lymph nodes, ileal Peyer's patches, and the spleen – where mature B cells are activated, proliferate, differentiate, and mutate their antibody genes (through somatic hypermutation aimed at achieving higher affinity) during a normal immune response; most of the germinal center B cells (BGC) are removed by tingible body macrophages. There are several key differences between naive B cells and GC B cells, including level of proliferative activity, size, metabolic activity and energy production. The B cells develop dynamically after the activation of follicular B cells by T-dependent antigen. The initiation of germinal center formation involves the interaction between B and T cells in the interfollicular area of the lymph node, CD40-CD40L ligation, NF-kB signaling and expression of IRF4 and BCL6.
GC B cells cycle through the two distinct zones of the germinal center: the light zone and the dark zone. As they undergo rapid and mutative cellular division, B cells of the germinal center's dark zone are known as centroblasts. Once these B cells have stopped proliferating in the dark zone and moved to the light zone, they are known as centrocytes, and are subjected to selection by follicular helper T (TFH) cells in the presence of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). There are three possible fates for GC B cells that have been positively selected in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20%28journal%29
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Cell is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing research papers across a broad range of disciplines within the life sciences. Areas covered include molecular biology, cell biology, systems biology, stem cells, developmental biology, genetics and genomics, proteomics, cancer research, immunology, neuroscience, structural biology, microbiology, virology, physiology, biophysics, and computational biology. The journal was established in 1974 by Benjamin Lewin and is published twice monthly by Cell Press, an imprint of Elsevier.
History
Benjamin Lewin founded Cell in January 1974, under the aegis of MIT Press. He then bought the title and established an independent Cell Press in 1986. In April 1999, Lewin sold Cell Press to Elsevier.
The "Article of the Future" feature was the recipient of a 2011 PROSE Award for Excellence in Biological & Life Sciences presented by the Professional and Scholarly Publishing Division of the Association of American Publishers.
Impact factor
According to ScienceWatch, the journal was ranked first overall in the category of highest-impact journals (all fields) over 1995–2005 with an average of 161.2 citations per paper. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 41.582, ranking it first out of 298 journals in "Biochemistry & Molecular Biology".
Contents and features
In addition to original research articles, 'another section publishes previews, reviews, analytical articles, commentaries, essays, corres
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Plant%20Cell
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The Plant Cell is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal of plant sciences, especially the areas of cell and molecular biology, genetics, development, and evolution. It is published by the American Society of Plant Biologists. The editor-in-chief is Blake Meyers (Donald Danforth Plant Science Center). The journal was established in 1989, with Robert (Bob) Goldberg (University of California, Los Angeles) as founding editor-in-chief.
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 12.085.
In October 2009, The Plant Cell introduced Teaching Tools in Plant Biology, a new online feature consisting of materials to help instructors teach plant biology courses. Each topic includes a short essay introducing the topic, with suggested further reading, and a PowerPoint lecture with handouts.
Editors
The following people are or have been editors-in-chief:
References
External links
Botany journals
Monthly journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1989
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Hydroxybenzoic%20acid
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4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), is a monohydroxybenzoic acid, a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid. It is a white crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water and chloroform but more soluble in polar organic solvents such as alcohols and acetone. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is primarily known as the basis for the preparation of its esters, known as parabens, which are used as preservatives in cosmetics and some ophthalmic solutions. It is isomeric with 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, known as salicylic acid, a precursor to aspirin, and with 3-hydroxybenzoic acid.
Natural occurrences
It is found in plants of the genus Vitex such as V. agnus-castus or V. negundo, and in Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort). It is also found in Spongiochloris spongiosa, a freshwater green alga.
The compound is also found in Ganoderma lucidum, a medicinal mushroom with the longest record of use.
Cryptanaerobacter phenolicus is a bacterium species that produces benzoate from phenol via 4-hydroxybenzoate.
Occurrences in food
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid can be found naturally in coconut. It is one of the main catechins metabolites found in humans after consumption of green tea infusions. It is also found in wine, in vanilla, in Macrotyloma uniflorum (horse gram), carob and in Phyllanthus acidus (Otaheite gooseberry).
Açaí oil, obtained from the fruit of the açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea), is rich in p-hydroxybenzoic acid (). It is also found in cloudy olive oil and in th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knuth%27s%20Algorithm%20X
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Algorithm X is an algorithm for solving the exact cover problem. It is a straightforward recursive, nondeterministic, depth-first, backtracking algorithm used by Donald Knuth to demonstrate an efficient implementation called DLX, which uses the dancing links technique.
The exact cover problem is represented in Algorithm X by a matrix A consisting of 0s and 1s. The goal is to select a subset of the rows such that the digit 1 appears in each column exactly once.
Algorithm X works as follows:
The nondeterministic choice of r means that the algorithm recurses over independent subalgorithms; each subalgorithm inherits the current matrix A, but reduces it with respect to a different row r.
If column c is entirely zero, there are no subalgorithms and the process terminates unsuccessfully.
The subalgorithms form a search tree in a natural way, with the original problem at the root and with level k containing each subalgorithm that corresponds to k chosen rows.
Backtracking is the process of traversing the tree in preorder, depth first.
Any systematic rule for choosing column c in this procedure will find all solutions, but some rules work much better than others.
To reduce the number of iterations, Knuth suggests that the column-choosing algorithm select a column with the smallest number of 1s in it.
Example
For example, consider the exact cover problem specified by the universe U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} and the collection of sets = {A, B, C, D, E, F}, where:
A = {1, 4, 7};
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary%20effusion%20lymphoma
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Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is classified as a diffuse large B cell lymphoma. It is a rare malignancy of plasmablastic cells that occurs in individuals that are infected with the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (i.e. KSHV/HHV8). Plasmablasts are immature plasma cells, i.e. lymphocytes of the B-cell type that have differentiated into plasmablasts but because of their malignant nature do not differentiate into mature plasma cells but rather proliferate excessively and thereby cause life-threatening disease. In PEL, the proliferating plasmablastoid cells commonly accumulate within body cavities to produce effusions (i.e. accumulations of fluid), primarily in the pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal cavities, without forming a contiguous tumor mass. In rare cases of these cavitary forms of PEL, the effusions develop in joints, the epidural space surrounding the brain and spinal cord, and underneath the capsule (i.e. tightly woven collagen fibers) which forms around breast implants. Less frequently, individuals present with extracavitary primary effusion lymphomas, i.e., solid tumor masses not accompanied by effusions. The extracavitary tumors may develop in lymph nodes, bone, bone marrow, the gastrointestinal tract, skin, spleen, liver, lungs, central nervous system, testes, paranasal sinuses, muscle, and, rarely, inside the vasculature and sinuses of lymph nodes. As their disease progresses, however, individuals with the classical effusion-form of PEL may develop ext
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar%E2%80%93tensor%20theory
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In theoretical physics, a scalar–tensor theory is a field theory that includes both a scalar field and a tensor field to represent a certain interaction. For example, the Brans–Dicke theory of gravitation uses both a scalar field and a tensor field to mediate the gravitational interaction.
Tensor fields and field theory
Modern physics tries to derive all physical theories from as few principles as possible. In this way, Newtonian mechanics as well as quantum mechanics are derived from Hamilton's principle of least action. In this approach, the behavior of a system is not described via forces, but by functions which describe the energy of the system. Most important are the energetic quantities known as the Hamiltonian function and the Lagrangian function. Their derivatives in space are known as Hamiltonian density and the Lagrangian density. Going to these quantities leads to the field theories.
Modern physics uses field theories to explain reality. These fields can be scalar, vectorial or tensorial. An example of a scalar field is the temperature field. An example of a vector field is the wind velocity field. An example of a tensor field is the stress tensor field in a stressed body, used in continuum mechanics.
Gravity as field theory
In physics, forces (as vectorial quantities) are given as the derivative (gradient) of scalar quantities named potentials. In classical physics before Einstein, gravitation was given in the same way, as consequence of a gravitational forc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry%20Classification%20Benchmark
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The Industry Classification Benchmark (ICB) is an industry classification taxonomy launched by Dow Jones and FTSE in 2005 and now used by FTSE International and STOXX. It is used to segregate markets into sectors within the macroeconomy. The ICB uses a system of 11 industries, partitioned into 20 supersectors, which are further divided into 45 sectors, which then contain 173 subsectors.
The ICB is used globally (though not universally) to divide the market into increasingly specific categories, allowing investors to compare industry trends between well-defined subsectors. The ICB replaced the legacy FTSE and Dow Jones classification systems on 3 January 2006, and is used today by the NASDAQ, NYSE and several other markets around the globe. All ICB sectors are represented on the New York Stock Exchange except Equity Investment Instruments (8980) and Nonequity Investment Instruments (8990).
Dow Jones divested itself of its 50% interest in the ICB in 2011 and announced it was creating its own version of it.
Classification
ICB
Technology
Technology
Software and Computer Services
Computer Services (10101010)
Software (10101015)
Consumer Digital Services (10101020)
Technology Hardware and Equipment
Semiconductors (10102010)
Electronic Components (10102015)
Production Technology Equipment (10102020)
Computer Hardware (10102030)
Electronic Office Equipment (10102035)
Telecommunications
Telecommunications
Telecommunications Equipment
Telecommunications Equipment (
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirna%20Juki%C4%87
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Mirna Jukić (born 9 April 1986) is a retired Austrian swimmer who won a bronze medal in both short course and long course at the world championships in swimming. She is trained by her father Željko Jukić, a former basketball player. She has had numerous European and World championship successes.
Family
Jukić was born in Novi Sad, Serbia and grew up in Vukovar, Croatia. In November 1991, the family moved to Zagreb, and her father started training her at Mladost in 1996. Her brother, Dinko Jukić, with whom she was trained early on, also became an international-level swimmer. In the autumn of 1999, the family moved to Vienna, Austria, and the same year Mirna became an Austrian citizen. Her brother became an Austrian citizen in 2000, while the parents remained Croatian citizens.
Olympic career
At the 2008 Olympics Jukić garnered a bronze medal in the 100 m breaststroke (1:07.34); she also swam the 200 m breaststroke. At the 2009 World Aquatics Championships she won the bronze medal in the 200 m breaststroke final with a time of 2:21.97.
Training
For the 2004 and 2008 Olympics, Jukić trained at The Race Club, a swimming club founded by Olympic swimmers Gary Hall, Jr. and his father, Gary Hall, Sr. The Race Club, originally known as "The World Team," was designed to serve as a training group for elite swimmers across the world in preparation for the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. To be able to train with the Race Club, one must either have been ranked in the top 20 in the world the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forsberg
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Forsberg is a Swedish-language surname.
Geographical distribution
As of 2014, 62.5% of all known bearers of the surname Forsberg were residents of Sweden (frequency 1:590), 22.5% of the United States (1:60,128), 3.8% of Norway (1:5,096), 3.7% of Finland (1:5,547), 2.7% of Canada (1:50,339) and 2.1% of Denmark (1:10,062).
In Sweden, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:590) in the following counties:
1. Västernorrland (1:202)
2. Västerbotten (1:226)
3. Norrbotten (1:304)
4. Gävleborg (1:329)
5. Jämtland (1:376)
6. Uppsala (1:392)
7. Dalarna (1:422)
8. Västmanland (1:459)
9. Örebro (1:483)
10. Värmland (1:523)
In Norway, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:5,096) in the following regions:
1. Svalbard and Jan Mayen (1:2,214)
2. Eastern Norway (1:3,658)
3. Northern Norway (1:5,053)
In Finland, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:1:5,547) in the following regions:
1. Ostrobothnia (1:2,317)
2. Åland (1:2,484)
3. Central Ostrobothnia (1:2,572)
4. Uusimaa (1:3,095)
5. Kainuu (1:4,779)
6. Kymenlaakso (1:4,883)
7. Päijänne Tavastia (1:5,415)
People
Amanda Forsberg (1846–?), Swedish ballerina
Anton Forsberg (born 1992), Swedish ice hockey player
Bengt Forsberg (born 1952), Swedish classical pianist
Billy Forsberg (born 1988), British speedway rider
Carl Johan Forsberg (1868–1938), Swedish painter
Chris Forsberg (born 1982), American racecar driver
Chuck Forsberg (1944–2015), Am
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XK
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XK may refer to:
XK (protein), a protein responsible for Kx antigen which helps determine a person's blood type
XK (2015 album), by Brendan Croskerry
Jaguar XK, a car series made by Jaguar
Jeep Commander XK, a SUV made by Jeep
Republic of Kosovo, ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 user-assigned code element XK (user assigned code)
CCM Airlines (IATA airline designator XK)
X-K aka X Kryptonite
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural%20competence
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In microbiology, genetics, cell biology, and molecular biology, competence is the ability of a cell to alter its genetics by taking up extracellular ("naked") DNA from its environment in the process called transformation. Competence may be differentiated between natural competence, a genetically specified ability of bacteria which is thought to occur under natural conditions as well as in the laboratory, and induced or artificial competence, which arises when cells in laboratory cultures are treated to make them transiently permeable to DNA. Competence allows for rapid adaptation and DNA repair of the cell. This article primarily deals with natural competence in bacteria, although information about artificial competence is also provided.
History
Natural competence was discovered by Frederick Griffith in 1928, when he showed that a preparation of killed cells of a pathogenic bacterium contained something that could transform related non-pathogenic cells into the pathogenic type. In 1944 Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty demonstrated that this 'transforming factor' was pure DNA
. This was the first compelling evidence that DNA carries the genetic information of the cell.
Since then, natural competence has been studied in a number of different bacteria, particularly Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae (Griffith's "pneumococcus"), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae and members of the Acinetobacter genus. Areas of active research include the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural%20computation
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Neural computation is the information processing performed by networks of neurons. Neural computation is affiliated with the philosophical tradition known as Computational theory of mind, also referred to as computationalism, which advances the thesis that neural computation explains cognition. The first persons to propose an account of neural activity as being computational was Warren McCullock and Walter Pitts in their seminal 1943 paper, A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity. There are three general branches of computationalism, including classicism, connectionism, and computational neuroscience. All three branches agree that cognition is computation, however, they disagree on what sorts of computations constitute cognition. The classicism tradition believes that computation in the brain is digital, analogous to digital computing. Both connectionism and computational neuroscience do not require that the computations that realize cognition are necessarily digital computations. However, the two branches greatly disagree upon which sorts of experimental data should be used to construct explanatory models of cognitive phenomena. Connectionists rely upon behavioral evidence to construct models to explain cognitive phenomena, whereas computational neuroscience leverages neuroanatomical and neurophysiological information to construct mathematical models that explain cognition.
When comparing the three main traditions of the computational theory of mind, as
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCL2
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The chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) is also referred to as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) and small inducible cytokine A2. CCL2 is a small cytokine that belongs to the CC chemokine family. CCL2 tightly regulates cellular mechanics and thereby recruits monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells to the sites of inflammation produced by either tissue injury or infection.
Genomics
In the human genome, CCL2 and many other CC chemokines are located on chromosome 17 (17q11.2-q21.1). The gene span is 1,927 bases and the CCL2 gene resides on the Watson (plus) strand. The CCL2 gene has three exons and two introns. The CCL2 protein precursor contains a signal peptide of 23 amino acids. In turn, the mature CCL2 is 76 amino acids long. The CCL2 predicted weight is 11.025 kiloDaltons (kDa).
Population genetics
In humans, the levels of CCL2 can vary considerably. In the white people of European descent, the multivariable-adjusted heritability of CCL2 concentrations is as much as 0.37 in the blood plasma and 0.44 - in the serum.
Molecular biology
CCL2 is a monomeric polypeptide, with a molecular weight of approximately 13-15 kDa depending on levels of glycosylation. CCL2 is anchored in the plasma membrane of endothelial cells by glycosaminoglycan side chains of proteoglycans. CCL2 is primarily secreted by monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. Platelet derived growth factor is a major inducer of CCL2 gene.
CCR2 and CCR4 are two cell surface receptors that bi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cree%20Lake/Crystal%20Lodge%20%28Midgett%20Field%29%20Aerodrome
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Cree Lake/Crystal Lodge (Midgett Field) Aerodrome is located adjacent to Crystal Lodge, a fly-in fishing lodge on Cree Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada. The airport is located on Ispatinow Island, the largest island in the lake.
The airstrip was created in the late 1990s with naturally derived clay. This runway is a private airstrip for the use of Crystal Lodge guests; CKS8 is primarily serviced by McMurray Aviation based in Fort McMurray, Alberta. Crystal Lodge does welcome private pilots and general aviation guests who are looking for their own bush pilot experience; permission & planning is required.
See also
List of airports in Saskatchewan
Cree Lake (Crystal Lodge) Water Aerodrome
References
External links
Page about this airport on COPA's Places to Fly airport directory
Registered aerodromes in Saskatchewan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-Bender
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A B-Bender is a guitar accessory that enables a player to fluidly alter the pitch of a guitar's B-string. This works by mechanically bending the B-string through the use of a series of levers and/or pulleys attached to an external lever that is controlled by the player.
There are several different designs, but all use levers or pulleys inside or outside the guitar body that are activated by a pull or push of the guitar neck, body, or bridge. The resulting tone sounds much like a pedal steel guitar and contributes a "country" feeling. The original device, named the "Pull-String" or "StringBender" in various iterations, was designed, built, and installed by musicians Gene Parsons and Clarence White, and as such the device is sometimes called the "Parsons-White B-Bender". Parsons licensed the device for use by several electric guitar manufacturers, but the bulk of the first decade and a half of production was done by Parsons himself, building and installing an estimated 2000 kits before he outsourced the production and installation to other companies.
Originally designed for the Fender Telecaster, B-Benders are now available to fit many solid body electric guitars, and even acoustic guitars.
History
The B-Bender was invented in 1968 by musicians Gene Parsons and Clarence White of Nashville West and The Byrds. The device was originally called the Parsons/White Pull-String, later renamed the StringBender, and is now best known as the B-Bender. Early prototypes developed by
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory%20Dudek
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Gregory L. Dudek is a Canadian computer scientist specializing in robotics, computer vision, and intelligent systems. He is a chaired professor at McGill University where he has led the Mobile Robotics Lab since the 1990s (a role now shared with Prof. Dave Meger). He was formerly the director of McGill's school of computer science and before that director of McGill's center for intelligent machines.
He holds a position as the VP, Research and Lab Head at the Samsung AI Center, Montreal, serves as Director of the NSERC Canadian Robotics Network, and is a co-founder of tech startup Independent Robotics.
During his career, Dudek has co-authored >450 scientific publications on subjects including autonomous navigation, robots that learn, mobile robotics, machine learning, telecommunications, 5G/6G network optimization, robot localization and navigation, information summarization, human-robot interaction, sensor-based robotics, multi-robot systems, computer vision, marine robotics, self-driving vehicles, recognition, RF localization, distributed system design, and biological perception. He has published three books, including a textbook co-authored with Prof. Michael Jenkin on “Computational Principles for Mobile Robotics”.
Research and career
Dudek's early career focused on sensing for robots and the theory of the complexity of robot localization, such as path planning and execution and appearance based visualization of so-called "trash can robots". With his colleagues he produ
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source%20transformation
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Source transformation is the process of simplifying a circuit solution, especially with mixed sources, by transforming voltage sources into current sources, and vice versa, using Thévenin's theorem and Norton's theorem respectively.
Process
Performing a source transformation consists of using Ohm's law to take an existing voltage source in series with a resistance, and replacing it with a current source in parallel with the same resistance, or vice versa. The transformed sources are considered identical and can be substituted for one another in a circuit.
Source transformations are not limited to resistive circuits. They can be performed on a circuit involving capacitors and inductors as well, by expressing circuit elements as impedances and sources in the frequency domain. In general, the concept of source transformation is an application of Thévenin's theorem to a current source, or Norton's theorem to a voltage source. However, this means that source transformation is bound by the same conditions as Thevenin's theorem and Norton's theorem; namely that the load behaves linearly, and does not contain dependent voltage or current sources.
Source transformations are used to exploit the equivalence of a real current source and a real voltage source, such as a battery. Application of Thévenin's theorem and Norton's theorem gives the quantities associated with the equivalence. Specifically, given a real current source, which is an ideal current source in parallel with an
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiotic%20drive
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Meiotic drive is a type of intragenomic conflict, whereby one or more loci within a genome will affect a manipulation of the meiotic process in such a way as to favor the transmission of one or more alleles over another, regardless of its phenotypic expression. More simply, meiotic drive is when one copy of a gene is passed on to offspring more than the expected 50% of the time. According to Buckler et al., "Meiotic drive is the subversion of meiosis so that particular genes are preferentially transmitted to the progeny. Meiotic drive generally causes the preferential segregation of small regions of the genome".
Meiotic drive in plants
The first report of meiotic drive came from Marcus Rhoades who in 1942 observed a violation of Mendelian segregation ratios for the R locus - a gene controlling the production of the purple pigment anthocyanin in maize kernels - in a maize line carrying abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10). Ab10 differs from the normal chromosome 10 by the presence of a 150-base pair heterochromatic region called 'knob', which functions as a centromere during division (hence called 'neocentromere') and moves to the spindle poles faster than the centromeres during meiosis I and II. The mechanism for this was later found to involve the activity of a kinesin-14 gene called Kinesin driver (Kindr). Kindr protein is a functional minus-end directed motor, displaying quicker minus-end directed motility than an endogenous kinesin-14, such as Kin11. As a result Kindr outperf
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPM
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GPM may refer to:
GPM (software), software providing support for mouse devices in Linux virtual consoles
Graphical path method, a mathematically based algorithm used in project management
Gallons per minute, a unit of volumetric flow rate
Gallons per mile, a unit of fuel efficiency
Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi district, Chhattisgarh, India
General Purpose Macrogenerator, an early macro processor
Global Marshall Plan, specific ideas on how to save the global environment
Global Precipitation Measurement, a NASA and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency project to measure global rainfall
Graduated payment mortgage, a type of loan
Graham Patrick Martin, an American actor
Grand Prairie Municipal Airport, a public-use airfield in Grand Prairie, Texas, United States (Federal Aviation Administration identification code)
Grand Prix Masters, an auto racing series for retired Formula One drivers
Gross profit margin, a calculation of revenue and cost of products
Protestant Church in the Moluccas, a church denomination in the Indonesian provinces of Maluku and North Maluku, which in Indonesian is referred to as "Gereja Protestan Maluku"
Google Play Music, a cloud media player by Google
King of the Mountains competitions in cycle racing, derived from Gran Premio della Montagna (Italian) or Gran Premio de la montaña (Spanish)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic%20equation
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An elliptic equation can mean:
The equation of an ellipse
An elliptic curve, describing the relationships between invariants of an ellipse
A differential equation with an elliptic operator
An elliptic partial differential equation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lex%20Lora
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José Alejandro Lora Serna (born December 2, 1952, in Puebla, México), better known by his stage name Álex Lora, is a Mexican musician and composer. He has been the frontman of the Mexican rock band El Tri for over 50 years, since October 12 of 1968 when he founded among Carlos Hauptvogel and Guillermo Berea the Three souls in my mind band, but because of differences with Carlos, Alex decided to create a new band called El Tri, as the followers of Three souls in my mind used to call them. In 2006, Hispanic music website batanga.com characterized Lora as "legendary", noting that among his honors and awards he has been named a "Distinguished Pueblan Citizen" in his home city and has been given the keys to the city in Miami, as well as having a day (November 10, 2002) and a statue in his hometown Tequela,Nayarit.
Discography
Lora, Su Lira y Sus Rolas (1998),
Alex Lora: Esclavo del Rocanrol (2003)
Filmography
2003: Alex Lora: Esclavo del Rocanrol (documentary)
2008: The Dead Sleep Easy
2009:"Nikté" (animated) as Chamán Chanek
See also
Statue of Álex Lora
References
External links
MSN Music: Alex Lora
Alex Lora: Esclavo del rocanrol (documentary)
1952 births
Ariel Award winners
Living people
Mexican male singer-songwriters
Mexican singer-songwriters
Mexican male composers
Mexican guitarists
Mexican people of Spanish descent
Mexican male guitarists
People from Puebla (city)
Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners
Latin music songwriters
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon%20Bentley%20%28computer%20scientist%29
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Jon Louis Bentley (born February 20, 1953) is an American computer scientist who is credited with the heuristic-based partitioning algorithm k-d tree.
Education and career
Bentley received a B.S. in mathematical sciences from Stanford University in 1974, and M.S. and PhD in 1976 from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; while a student, he also held internships at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center and Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. After receiving his Ph.D., he joined the faculty at Carnegie Mellon University as an assistant professor of computer science and mathematics. At CMU, his students included Brian Reid, John Ousterhout, Jeff Eppinger, Joshua Bloch, and James Gosling, and he was one of Charles Leiserson's advisors. Later, Bentley moved to Bell Laboratories, where he co-authored an optimized Quicksort algorithm with Doug McIlroy.
He found an optimal solution for the two dimensional case of Klee's measure problem: given a set of n rectangles, find the area of their union. He and Thomas Ottmann invented the Bentley–Ottmann algorithm, an efficient algorithm for finding all intersecting pairs among a collection of line segments. He wrote the Programming Pearls column for the Communications of the ACM magazine, and later collected the articles into two books of the same name.
Bentley received the Dr. Dobb's Excellence in Programming award in 2004.
Bibliography
Programming Pearls (2nd edition), .
More Programming Pearls: Confessions of a Coder, .
W
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topolnitsa%20%28river%29
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The Topolnitsa ( ) is a river in southern Bulgaria, an important left tributary of the Maritsa. It takes its source from Bich Peak in Sredna Gora close to Koprivshtitsa; it is known as the Shirineyska in its upper course. Its average discharge is 55 m3/s and it is long; its drainage basin covers . The Topolnitsa flows into the Maritsa near Pazardzhik after making a large turn under Trakiya motorway. The Topolnitsa Reservoir has a maximum volume of and serves the area around Pazardzhik. Among the Topolnitsa's tributaries are the Mativir and the Bunovo River. The river's name is derived from the Bulgarian word топола, topola ("poplar").
References
Rivers of Bulgaria
Landforms of Sofia Province
Landforms of Pazardzhik Province
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atiyah%E2%80%93Bott%20fixed-point%20theorem
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In mathematics, the Atiyah–Bott fixed-point theorem, proven by Michael Atiyah and Raoul Bott in the 1960s, is a general form of the Lefschetz fixed-point theorem for smooth manifolds M, which uses an elliptic complex on M. This is a system of elliptic differential operators on vector bundles, generalizing the de Rham complex constructed from smooth differential forms which appears in the original Lefschetz fixed-point theorem.
Formulation
The idea is to find the correct replacement for the Lefschetz number, which in the classical result is an integer counting the correct contribution of a fixed point of a smooth mapping
Intuitively, the fixed points are the points of intersection of the graph of f with the diagonal (graph of the identity mapping) in , and the Lefschetz number thereby becomes an intersection number. The Atiyah–Bott theorem is an equation in which the LHS must be the outcome of a global topological (homological) calculation, and the RHS a sum of the local contributions at fixed points of f.
Counting codimensions in , a transversality assumption for the graph of f and the diagonal should ensure that the fixed point set is zero-dimensional. Assuming M a closed manifold should ensure then that the set of intersections is finite, yielding a finite summation as the RHS of the expected formula. Further data needed relates to the elliptic complex of vector bundles , namely a bundle map
for each j, such that the resulting maps on sections give rise to an endomorph
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-box%20transcription%20factor%20T
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T-box transcription factor T, also known as Brachyury protein, is encoded for in humans by the TBXT gene. Brachyury functions as a transcription factor within the T-box family of genes. Brachyury homologs have been found in all bilaterian animals that have been screened, as well as the freshwater cnidarian Hydra.
History
The brachyury mutation was first described in mice by Nadezhda Alexandrovna Dobrovolskaya-Zavadskaya in 1927 as a mutation that affected tail length and sacral vertebrae in heterozygous animals. In homozygous animals the brachyury mutation is lethal at around embryonic day 10 due to defects in mesoderm formation, notochord differentiation and the absence of structures posterior to the forelimb bud (Dobrovolskaïa-Zavadskaïa, 1927). The name brachyury comes from the Greek brakhus meaning short and oura meaning tail.
In 2018 HGNC updated the human gene name from T to TBXT, presumably to overcome difficulties associated with searching for a single letter gene symbol. The mouse gene has been changed to Tbxt.
Tbxt was cloned by Bernhard Herrmann and colleagues and proved to encode a 436 amino acid embryonic nuclear transcription factor. Tbxt binds to a specific DNA element, a near palindromic sequence TCACACCT through a region in its N-terminus, called the T-box. Tbxt is the founding member of the T-box family which in mammals currently consists of 18 T-box genes.
The crystal structure of the human brachyury protein was solved in 2017 by Opher Gileadi and co
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heybridge%2C%20Maldon
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Heybridge is a large village and civil parish in the Maldon district of Essex, England. It is adjacent to the town of Maldon, near the River Blackwater.<ref>[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/viewFullDataset.do?instanceSelection=03070&productId=779&$ph=60_61&datasetInstanceId=3070&startColumn=1&numberOfColumns=8&containerAreaId=790393 Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish headcounts : Maldon] Retrieved 19 August 2010</ref> The parish had a population of 8,163 in 2021.
Heybridge has a number of residential areas, most recognisable is the newer Bovis housing estates to the west of the town, which were built in 1995. Before building commenced, a full archaeological dig was undertaken and the excavations showed the existence of an important Iron Age settlement and ritual complex, a large Roman settlement and a succeeding Saxon settlement, as well as scattered pre-historic remains. Along the Goldhanger road to the east are situated a number of traditional British holiday campsites, catering for both permanent residents and visitors.
History
Heybridge was originally called Tidwalditun. The name Heybridge came from the high bridge that was built over the River Blackwater in the Middle Ages, at Heybridge Square (the junction of Heybridge Street, Holloway Road, and the Causeway). This was a 5-arched stone bridge and it was replaced in 1870 by a 2-arched brick one. Much of the water flow down this part of the river had, by then, been diverted i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida%20State%20Road%2044
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State Road 44 (SR 44) is an east–west state highway in the U.S. state of Florida. It runs from Crystal River on the Gulf of Mexico east to New Smyrna Beach on the Atlantic Ocean, passing through Inverness, Wildwood, Leesburg and DeLand.
A section in Lake County, between eastern Leesburg and a point north of Mount Dora, is concurrent with U.S. Highway 441 (SR 500). This concurrency is not signed; signs on US 441 mark it as TO SR 44. The former alignment of SR 44 in that area is now mostly County Road 44, which runs north of Lake Eustis, on the other side as US 441 and current SR 44.
A former western extension of SR 44 from Crystal River to the Gulf of Mexico is now County Road 44. In some locations, it is signed as County Road 44W.
Route description
Crystal River to Inverness
State Road 44 begins as NE 5TH ST (then Gulf to Lake Highway) at the intersection of US 19/98 in Crystal River, a four-lane divided highway. The divider only exists at the intersection, however, the rest of the road is undivided throughout much of Western Citrus County. SR 44 runs directly east, until it leaves the city limits, then makes a sharper southeastern turn prior to the intersection of North Dunkenfield Avenue and West Norvell Bryant Highway (County Road 486). It briefly turns east again as it reaches the intersection of Rock Crusher Road, but curves back to the southeast roughly a mile later. The new interchange with the Suncoast Parkway Extension is built just northwest of where the divide
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark%20current
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Dark current may refer to:
Dark current (biochemistry), the depolarizing current, carried by Na+ ions that flows into a photoreceptor cell when unstimulated
Dark current (physics):, the electric current that flows through a photosensitive device when no photons are entering the device
Dark current (chemistry), the constant response produced by a spectrochemical receptor in the absence of radiation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodna
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Rodna (formerly Rodna Veche; ; ) is a commune in Bistrița-Năsăud County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Rodna and Valea Vinului (Radnaborberek).
Its name is derived from a Slavic word, ruda, meaning "iron ore", originally being known as Rudna in 14th century documents.
History
During the Late Middle Ages, the Transylvanian Saxon-inhabited village was sacked by the Mongols during their invasion of the Kingdom of Hungary.
Between 1711 (Treaty of Szatmar) and 1918, Rodna was part of the Austrian monarchy, province of Transylvania; in Transleithania after the compromise of 1867.
A post-office was opened in 1856, later named Ó-Radna ("Old Rodna").
Natives
Florian Porcius
Francisc Zavoda
Vasile Zavoda
References
Communes in Bistrița-Năsăud County
Localities in Transylvania
Mining communities in Romania
Place names of Slavic origin in Romania
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical%20Journal
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The Biochemical Journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal which covers all aspects of biochemistry, as well as cell and molecular biology. It is published by Portland Press and was established in 1906.
History
The journal was established in 1906 by Benjamin Moore, holder of the first UK chair of biochemistry at the University of Liverpool, with financial support from Edward Whitley, an heir of the Greenall Whitley brewers. The two served as the first editors and the journal was initially published by the Liverpool University Press. It was acquired by the Biochemical Club (later renamed the Biochemical Society) in October 1912, shortly after the society's foundation; at that time the journal had 170 subscribers. From 1913, it was published in conjunction with Cambridge University Press, with William Bayliss and Arthur Harden chairing the editorial board; the original title of The Bio-Chemical Journal became The Biochemical Journal at that date.
The journal at first appeared at irregular intervals, with between three and twelve issues appearing annually in a single volume. From 1948, two volumes were published annually, with four or five parts per volume, and the frequency increased rapidly over the years, reaching the current frequency of eight volumes in three parts in 1974.
Current journal
Eight volumes are published each year with each volume consisting of three parts (24 issues per year).
To mark the centenary of the journal in 2006, a free online archive back to t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U5
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U5 or U-5 may refer to:
Biochemistry
U5 spliceosomal RNA
mtDNA haplogroup U5, within Haplogroup U (mtDNA)
Transport
Aviation
USA3000 Airlines (IATA code: U5)
Land transport
U5 (Berlin U-Bahn), a subway line in Germany
U-5, a Munich U-Bahn subway line in Germany
Aiways U5, a 2019 Chinese electric car model
Luxgen U5, a 2017 Taiwanese car model
Utah State Route 5 (disambiguation), one of two American highways
Beijing U5, a Chinese saloon
Submarines
German submarine U-5, one of several boats
the class's lead boat
U-5 class submarine (Austria-Hungary), a class of three built 1908–1911
SM U-5 (Austria-Hungary), the class's lead boat
Other uses
U5, a music partnership between the X5 and Universal labels
U5, an unemployment figure released by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics
Ultima V: Warriors of Destiny, a 1988 computer role-playing game
See also
US (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/THF%20%28disambiguation%29
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THF may refer to:
Tetrahydrofuran
Tetrahydrofolate
Tremendously high frequency
Trust House Forte, a UK-based hotel and catering group
THF, the former IATA airport code for Tempelhof International Airport
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key%20to%20My%20Soul
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Key to My Soul is the third studio album by German recording artist Sarah Connor. It was released by X-Cell and Epic Records on 17 November 2003 in German-speaking Europe. As with her previous albums, Green Eyed Soul (2001) and Unbelievable (2002), Connor reunited with songwriting and production duo Rob Tyger and Kay Denar to work on the majority of the album, with Diane Warren, TQ, Wayne Wilkins, and Connor's then-husband Marc Terenzi receiving songwriting credits and Brock Landers and Stephen Shape producing "Daddy's Eyes".
The album received generally mixed reviews from critics, with laut.de declaring its mixture of mainstream pop, contemporary R&B and soft hip hop beats as too polished and repetitive. Upon its release, Key to My Soul peaked at number eight on the German Albums Chart, becoming Connor's third consecutive top 10 album, while reaching the top 20 in Austria and Switzerland. Released weeks ahead the birth of her first child, the album spawned two singles only, including "Music Is the Key" featuring American a cappella group Naturally 7 and a remix version of "Just One Last Dance" featuring American boy band Natural, both of which became number-one hits in Germany.
Track listing
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
External links
SarahConnor.com — official site
2003 albums
Sarah Connor (singer) albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20field-effect%20transistor
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A ChemFET is a chemically-sensitive field-effect transistor, that is a field-effect transistor used as a sensor for measuring chemical concentrations in solution. When the target analyte concentration changes, the current through the transistor will change accordingly. Here, the analyte solution separates the source and gate electrodes. A concentration gradient between the solution and the gate electrode arises due to a semi-permeable membrane on the FET surface containing receptor moieties that preferentially bind the target analyte. This concentration gradient of charged analyte ions creates a chemical potential between the source and gate, which is in turn measured by the FET.
Construction
A ChemFET's source and drain are constructed as for an ISFET, with the gate electrode separated from the source electrode by a solution. The gate electrode's interface with the solution is a semi-permeable membrane containing the receptors, and a gap to allow the substance under test to come in contact with the sensitive receptor moieties. A ChemFET's threshold voltage depends on the concentration gradient between the analyte in solution and the analyte in contact with its receptor-embedded semi-permeable barrier.
Often, ionophores are used to facilitate analyte ion mobility through the substrate to the receptor. For example, when targeting anions, quaternary ammonium salts (such as tetraoctylammonium bromide) are used to provide cationic nature to the membrane, facilitating anion mo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeymoon%20Island%20State%20Park
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Honeymoon Island State Park is a Florida State Park located on Honeymoon Island, a barrier island across St. Joseph's Sound from Palm Harbor, Ozona, and Crystal Beach. The park is in land area with submerged and of beach. It lies at the western end of Causeway Boulevard, which becomes Curlew Road east of Alternate US 19. Its address is 1 Causeway Blvd. Consistently receiving more than one million visitors each year, it is the most-visited state park in Florida.
History
Honeymoon and neighboring Caladesi Island were originally part of a large barrier island that split in half during a major hurricane in 1921. The waterway between the islands is known as Hurricane Pass.
According to the Florida Park Service, Honeymoon Island was introduced to the American public in the early 1940s through newsreels and magazines. The advertisements promised undiscovered pleasures for newlyweds. According to the Dunedin Museum (located in Dunedin, Florida on the mainland which lays claim to both Honeymoon Island and Caladesi Island), Honeymoon Island was formerly known as Hog Island. In the early 1940s, honeymoon-type huts were built on the island for vacationing, and the name was changed. After the US entered World War II, the thatched huts fell into disuse. The structures were soon worn down by the elements. The 1960s brought a developer with a plan to build a large residential area on the island by expanding the island to 3,000 acres. A causeway leading to the island was constructed in 1
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probabilistic%20number%20theory
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In mathematics, Probabilistic number theory is a subfield of number theory, which explicitly uses probability to answer questions about the integers and integer-valued functions. One basic idea underlying it is that different prime numbers are, in some serious sense, like independent random variables. This however is not an idea that has a unique useful formal expression.
The founders of the theory were Paul Erdős, Aurel Wintner and Mark Kac during the 1930s, one of the periods of investigation in analytic number theory. Foundational results include the Erdős–Wintner theorem and the Erdős–Kac theorem on additive functions.
See also
Number theory
Analytic number theory
Areas of mathematics
List of number theory topics
List of probability topics
Probabilistic method
Probable prime
References
Further reading
Number theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrinalini%20Mata
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Mrinalini Mata (born Merna Loy Brown, May 8, 1931 – August 3, 2017) was the fourth president of Self-Realization Fellowship / Yogoda Satsanga Society of India (SRF/YSS), the only church founded by Paramahansa Yogananda to care for and disseminate his teachings.
Biography
She was born in Wichita, Kansas, USA. Mrinalini Mata's parents were Vera and William Wesley Brown. She spent most of her youth in Southern California. From an early age, she showed an interest in religion, regularly attending church with her family. She was drawn to the teachings of Paramahansa Yogananda at the age of fourteen, after she heard him speak at the Self-Realization Fellowship (SRF) Temple in San Diego, California, which her sister and mother had begun attending. On June 10, 1946, Mrinalini Mata came to live at the SRF Hermitage in Encinitas, California, where she began receiving Yogananda’s guidance while she finished her education at the local high school. She entered the SRF monastic order in 1946, at the age of fifteen. Yogananda chose for her the monastic name Mrinalini, which signifies the purity of the lotus flower, an ancient symbol of spiritual unfoldment. Her mother later also entered the ashram and took the monastic name Meera Mata. Following the passing of the former SRF/YSS president Daya Mata in 2010, Mrinalini Mata became president of the society in 2011 and remained president until her death in 2017.
Books
References
External links
YouTube Channel for Mrinalini Mata
1931 bi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%20ordered%20phase
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Regarding biological membranes, the liquid ordered phase is a liquid crystalline phase of a lipid bilayer, and is of significant biological importance. It occurs in many lipid mixtures combining cholesterol with a phospholipid and/or sphingolipids e.g. sphingomyelin. This phase has been related to lipid rafts that may exist in plasma membranes.
Definition
The liquid ordered phase can be defined as:
fluid and lamellar phase, including the Wide angle X-ray scattering pattern centered by broad diffraction peak at 4.2Å
acyl hydrocarbon chains are in the all-trans state
rapid lateral diffusion
2H-NMR quadrupolar splitting is ca. 50 kHz
History
This was first called the liquid ordered phase by Ipsen et al. (1987). However, it has also been called the LGI subgel phase by Huang et al. (1993) and the β phase by Vist and Davis (1990).
References
Ipsen, J. H., G. Karlstrom, O. G. Mouritsen, H. Wennerstrom, and M. J. Zuckermann. 1987. Phase equilibria in the phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol system. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 905:162–172.
Huang TH, Lee CWB, Dasgupta SK, Blume A, Griffin RG. 1993. "A C-13 and H-2 Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance Study of Phosphatidylcholine Cholesterol Interactions - Characterization of Liquid-Gel Phases." Biochemistry 32(48):13277-13287
Vist MR, Davis JH. 1990. "Phase-Equilibria of Cholesterol Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine Mixtures - H-2 Nuclear Magnetic-Resonance and Differential Scanning Calorimetry." Biochemistry 29(2):451-464.
Membrane biology
Liqui
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justina
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Justina and Justine are anglicised versions of the Latin name Iustina, feminine of Iustinus, a derivative of Iustus, meaning fair or just. For the masculine version of the name, see Justin (name).
Translations
Russian: Устинья, Юстина, Иустина
Belarusian: Юстына, Юсціна
Czech: Justina or Justýna
Croatian: Justina, Justa, Juste
Slovakian: Justína
Romanian: Iustina
Hungarian: Jusztina
Finnish: Justiina
Greek: Ιουστίνη (Ioustine)
Lithuanian: Justina, Justė
Polish: Justyna
Ukrainian: Юстина
Italian: Giustina
French: Justine
Portuguese: Justina
Spanish: Justina
Swedish: Justina
Arabic:يوستينا (Youstina)
Albanian:Gjystina
People named Justina
Ancient and medieval eras
Saint Justina of Cagliari (died 130), Christian martyr - see Justa, Justina and Henedina
Saint Justina of Padua (died c. 304), Christian martyr
Saint Justina of Antioch (died 304), Christian martyr - see Cyprian and Justina
Justina (empress) (c. 340–c. 388), second wife of Roman Emperor Valentinian I and mother of Emperor Valentinian II
Justina Szilágyi (1455–1497), Hungarian noblewoman, second wife of Vlad the Impaler, Voivode of Wallachia and inspiration for Dracula
Modern era
Justina Agatahi (born 1989), Nigerian judoka
Justina Akpulo (born 1972), Nigerian handball player
Justina Anyiam (born 1972), Nigerian handball player
Justina Baltrūnaitė (born 1999), Lithuanian footballer
Justina Banda (born 1992), Zambian footballer
Justina Blakeney (born 1979), American designer and author
Justina Bricka
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class%205MT
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Class 5MT is a steam locomotive power classification used by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway and British Railways. It applied to number of different locomotive classes including:
LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0
BR Standard Class 5
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chignon%20%28medical%20term%29
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A chignon (an artificially induced caput succedaneum) is a temporary swelling caused by a build-up of bloody fluid (also referred to as "bloody show" in which blood and mucus are released from the cervix during labor) left on an infant's head after they have been delivered by vacuum extraction. A vacuum extraction is a type of assistance used during vaginal delivery by an obstetrician or midwife when the second stage of labor, where the cervix is fully dilated allowing for fetus delivery, is stalled. It anatomically resembles regular caput succedaneum, one of two most frequently occurring birth injuries to the head, the other being cephalohematoma, a usually harmless condition where blood accumulates under the newborn's scalp after vaginal delivery.
During vacuum extraction, the cup is attached to the infant's head, exposing the infant to trauma due to the vacuum pressure and pulling force involved in the procedure. This form of assisted delivery is typically required when the labor is stalled due to difficulties in the stages of labor arising, such as when the infant's head found too high in the birth canal. Due to prolonged pressure and tension, this induces an accumulation of interstitial fluid (the fluid that surrounds cells) as well as possible minor hemorrhages, ultimately resulting in scalp swelling.
A chignon should not be mistaken for bruises or other similar fetal head traumas relating to vacuum extraction. It chignon should begin to resolve within an hour, but i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn%20School
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Severn School was founded in 1914 by Roland M. Teel in Severna Park, Maryland, as a preparatory school for the United States Naval Academy. In 2013, Severn School merged with nearby Chesapeake Academy. Currently the school enrolls boys and girls from pre-school through grade 12.
Athletics
The Severn Admirals compete in thirteen varsity sports: sailing, lacrosse, cross country running, football, wrestling, soccer, basketball, swimming, baseball, golf, tennis, field hockey, as well as track and field in the Maryland Interscholastic Athletic Association. Severn has 35 varsity, junior varsity, and middle school teams.
Campus
On Severn's 19-acre upper school and middle school campus, there are several academic buildings, including Teel Academic Center and Creeden Hall connected by elevated glass bridges on the upper floors. Teel Academic Center underwent a complete renovation in 2015 where the original Teel Academic Center, constructed in 1969 to house boarding students, was torn down and replaced with the new 17 million dollar building. The new building houses Graw Innovation Center, a computer lab, the Zimmerman Library, and the Hoehn-Saric Family Center for Academic Excellence, as well as middle and upper school classrooms. Creeden Hall, constructed in 2002 as the Upper School Academic Center, contains science labs and prep rooms, a greenhouse, "Roche" Lecture Hall, classrooms, two computer labs, and several spaces for students such as Creeden Commons. Also on this campus is
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20World%20of%20the%20Dark%20Crystal
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The World of the Dark Crystal is a companion book written in conjunction with the film The Dark Crystal. The book was designed and edited by Rupert Brown, with illustrations by Brian Froud—who was the conceptual designer for the film—and text by J. J. Llewellyn. It was originally published in 1982 by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. In 2003 the book was re-released by Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
The book gives background information for the film and contains many sketches and art concepts drawn by Brian Froud. It is in this book that the names of the Skeksis, the urRu, the urSkeks, and many of the creatures created in The Dark Crystal are introduced.
Contents
The book purports to be Aughra's account of the film's backstory, interspersed with in-universe descriptions of various props and their roles in the fictional universe itself. Among the concepts explored are numerology and symbology, and periodic references to Aughra's origin.
Awards and honors
The book was a finalist for the 1983 Hugo Award for Best Non-Fiction Book.
Rerelease
In the 2003 edition of the book, a small pamphlet titled "The Crystal" is included. This was the original concept design and story pitched to financial backers before the film went into full production. Four years after "The Crystal" was created, the film was released in theatres.
References
1982 books
The Dark Crystal
Fantasy books
Alfred A. Knopf books
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twisted%20Transistor
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"Twisted Transistor" is a song written and recorded by American nu metal band Korn for their seventh studio album, See You on the Other Side. It was released as the album's first single in September 2005.
Music and structure
This is the first Korn single as a quartet without former guitarist Brian Welch who departed the group in 2005. The song introduces a clear change in direction for the band, embracing a more pop-tinged, bouncy sound, free of most of lead singer Jonathan Davis's throaty rage that characterized the group's previous albums, while guitarist Brian Welch's pummeling, seven-string guitar riffs are replaced entirely with James "Munky" Shaffer's simplistic power chords and a more hook-heavy, catchy chorus.
A sample previously implemented on Coil and Danny Hyde's remix of Nine Inch Nails' "Closer", can be heard at the end of the bridge section of "Twisted Transistor".
Concept
Chart performance
The song has become Korn's second most successful single to date on the Billboard Hot 100, reaching number sixty-four, and became their highest charting single on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Songs chart, peaking at number three, until it was surpassed by "Never Never," which reached number one in 2013. Its success was continued overseas, where it charted in many countries, including number twenty-seven in the UK, number twenty-four in Australia, and number six in Finland.
Charts
Music video
The video for the song was directed by Ryan Ratajski and features a Spinal Tap-e
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