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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythrocruorin | Erythrocruorin (from Greek eruthros "red" + Latin cruor "blood"), and the similar chlorocruorin (from Greek khlōros "green" + Latin cruor "blood"), are large oxygen-carrying hemeprotein complexes, which have a molecular mass greater than 3.5 million Daltons. Both are sometimes called giant hemoglobin or hexagonal bilayer haemoglobin. They are found in many annelids and arthropods (including some insects).
Chlorocruorin is particularly found in certain marine polychaetes.
Structure
Two structures of erythrocruorin have been resolved. The protein is a highly symmetric assembly made from heme-binding globins and unique linker proteins.
The only significant difference between chlorocruorin and erythrocruorin is that chlorocruorin carries an abnormal heme group structure. Both contain many 16-17 kDa myoglobin-like subunits arranged in a giant complex of over a hundred subunits with interlinking proteins as well with a total weight exceeding 3600 kDa.
Giant hemoglobin is composed of multiple heme-containing globin chains and linker () chains. Each species have different amounts of genes for these chains. For example, while a Lamellibrachia sp. has four kinds of globin chains and two kinds of linker chains, Sabella spallanzanii has three globin chains and three linker chains. The exact stoichiometric ratios and arrangement is unknown, but is thought to resemble that of erythocrorins.
Properties
Erythrocruorin has a weaker affinity for oxygen than that of most hemoglobins. A d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roads%20and%20motorways%20in%20Cyprus | Since the arrival of the first motor cars on the island in 1907, Cyprus has developed a modern road network. According to 2002 statistics, the road network in the Republic of Cyprus-administered areas of Cyprus consists of about 7,206 km of paved and 4,387 km of unpaved roads. Although the first motorway in Cyprus, A1, was completed as recently as October 1985, the country already has the most motorway km per capita (36.8 km /100,000 inhabitants) among all European Union members.
There are no toll paying roads in Cyprus to date.
Maintenance
The Public Works Department of the Ministry of Communications and Works is responsible for the maintenance, improvement and construction of motorways, the majority of rural and interurban road network and the main urban roads. The Municipalities are responsible for the secondary and local urban roads; the District Administration Authorities are responsible for the paved and unpaved district (tertiary) roads and village roads. The Forestry Department is responsible for most unpaved roads in forest areas, this is in order to accommodate the administration and protection of forests.
The Turkish invasion of 1974 radically changed the program of road development and created new priorities in order to cover the augmented needs in the government controlled areas, where 80% of the Cyprus population and the greatest portion of development had concentrated.
Under these circumstances New Road Development Schemes were promoted, which were partia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTNNBIP1 | Beta-catenin-interacting protein 1 is a protein that is encoded in humans by the CTNNBIP1 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene binds CTNNB1 and prevents interaction between CTNNB1 and TCF (T-cell transcription factor) family members. The encoded protein is a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway.
References
Further reading
External links |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics%20of%20Lima | The demographics of Lima can be reconstructed through the population censuses carried out throughout its history. The government statistics department estimates that a third of Peru's population lives in Lima.
Population by year
Ethnic groups
Mestizos: 47%
European: 40%
Asian: 8%
Amerindian: 2%
Afro-Peruvian: 3%
Evolution of the Lima Metropolitan Area
References
Lima
Lima |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin-dependent%20kinase%209 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 or CDK9 is a cyclin-dependent kinase associated with P-TEFb.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family. CDK family members are highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28, and S. pombe cdc2, and known as important cell cycle regulators. This kinase was found to be a component of the multiprotein complex TAK/P-TEFb, which is an elongation factor for RNA polymerase II-directed transcription and functions by phosphorylating the C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. This protein forms a complex with and is regulated by its regulatory subunit cyclin T or cyclin K. HIV-1 Tat protein was found to interact with this protein and cyclin T, which suggested a possible involvement of this protein in AIDS.
CDK9 is also known to associate with other proteins such as TRAF2, and be involved in differentiation of skeletal muscle.
Inhibitors
Based on molecular docking results, Ligands-3, 5, 14, and 16 were screened among 17 different Pyrrolone-fused benzosuberene compounds as potent and specific inhibitors without any cross-reactivity against different CDK isoforms. Analysis of MD simulations and MM-PBSA studies, revealed the binding energy profiles of all the selected complexes. Selected ligands performed better than the experimental drug candidate (Roscovitine). Ligands-5 and 16 show specificity for CDK9. These ligands are expected to possess lower risk of side effect |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomerase%20reverse%20transcriptase | Telomerase reverse transcriptase (abbreviated to TERT, or hTERT in humans) is a catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase, which, together with the telomerase RNA component (TERC), comprises the most important unit of the telomerase complex.
Telomerases are part of a distinct subgroup of RNA-dependent polymerases. Telomerase lengthens telomeres in DNA strands, thereby allowing senescent cells that would otherwise become postmitotic and undergo apoptosis to exceed the Hayflick limit and become potentially immortal, as is often the case with cancerous cells. To be specific, TERT is responsible for catalyzing the addition of nucleotides in a TTAGGG sequence to the ends of a chromosome's telomeres. This addition of repetitive DNA sequences prevents degradation of the chromosomal ends following multiple rounds of replication.
hTERT absence (usually as a result of a chromosomal mutation) is associated with the disorder Cri du chat.
Function
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that maintains telomere ends by addition of the telomere repeat TTAGGG. The enzyme consists of a protein component with reverse transcriptase activity, encoded by this gene, and an RNA component that serves as a template for the telomere repeat. Telomerase expression plays a role in cellular senescence, as it is normally repressed in postnatal somatic cells, resulting in progressive shortening of telomeres. Studies in mice suggest that telomerase also participates in chromosomal repair, since |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plexin | A plexin is a protein which acts as a receptor for semaphorin family signaling proteins. It is classically known for its expression on the surface of axon growth cones and involvement in signal transduction to steer axon growth away from the source of semaphorin. Plexin also has implications in development of other body systems by activating GTPase enzymes to induce a number of intracellular biochemical changes leading to a variety of downstream effects.
Structure
Extracellular
All plexins have an extracellular SEMA domain at their N-terminus. This is a structural motif common among all semaphorins and plexins and is responsible for this binding of semaphorin dimers, which are the native conformation for these ligands in vivo. This is followed by alternating plexin, semaphorin, and integrin (PSI) domains and immunoglobulin-like, plexin, and transcription factors (IPT) domains. Each of these is named for the proteins in which their structure is conserved. Collectively, the extracellular region resembles a curved stalk projecting in a clockwise direction.
Before bindings its semaphorin dimer ligand, associations between the extracellular domains of pre-formed plexin dimers keeps their intracellular domains segregated and inactive. This allows for co-localization of plexin dimers to be primed for binding of semaphorin dimers and activation of intracellular machinery.
Intracellular
Highly conserved intracellular domains consisting of a bipartite segment which functions as a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD9 | CD9 is a gene encoding a protein that is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily also known as the tetraspanin family. It is a cell surface glycoprotein that consists of four transmembrane regions and has two extracellular loops that contain disulfide bonds which are conserved throughout the tetraspanin family. Also containing distinct palmitoylation sites that allows CD9 to interact with lipids and other proteins.
Function
Tetraspanin proteins are involved in a multitude of biological processes such as adhesion, motility, membrane fusion, signaling and protein trafficking. Tetraspanins play a role in many biological processes because of their ability to interact with many different proteins including interactions between each other. Their distinct palmitoylation sites allow them to organize on the membrane into tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEM). These TEMs are thought to play a role in many cellular processes including exosome biogenesis. CD9 is commonly used as a marker for exosomes as it is contained on their surface.
However, in some cases CD9 plays a larger role in the ability of exosomes to be more or less pathogenic. Shown in HIV-1 infection, exosomes are able to enhance HIV-1 entry through tetraspanin CD9 and CD81. However, expression of CD9 on the cellular membrane seems to decrease the viral entry of HIV-1.
CD9 has a diverse role in cellular processes as it has also been shown to trigger platelet activation and aggregation. It forms a alphaIIbbeta3-CD9 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD37 | Leukocyte antigen CD37 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD37 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic transmembrane domains. Tetraspanins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of immune responses, cell development, activation, growth and motility. CD37 expression is restricted to cells of the immune system, with highest abundance on mature B cells, and lower expression is found on T cells and myeloid cells. CD37 is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins and other transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. CD37 controls both humoral and cellular immune responses. CD37-deficiency in mice leads to spontaneous development on B cell lymphoma, and patients with CD37-negative lymphomas have a worse clinical outcome.
See also
Cluster of differentiation
References
Further reading
External links
Clusters of differentiation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD53 | Leukocyte surface antigen CD53 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD53 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins. It contributes to the transduction of CD2-generated signals in T cells and natural killer cells and has been suggested to play a role in growth regulation. Familial deficiency of this gene has been linked to an immunodeficiency associated with recurrent infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.
See also
Cluster of differentiation
Tetraspanin
References
Further reading
External links
Clusters of differentiation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD63 | CD63 antigen is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CD63 gene. CD63 is mainly associated with membranes of intracellular vesicles, although cell surface expression may be induced.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth, and motility.
This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins. It may function as a blood platelet activation marker. Deficiency of this protein is associated with Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome . Also this gene has been associated with tumor progression. The use of alternate polyadenylation sites has been found for this gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different proteins.
Allergy diagnosis
CD63 is a good marker for flow cytometric quantification of in vitro activated basophils for diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy. The test is commonly designated as basophil activation test (BAT).
Research
Initially, deletion and point mutants were used to investigate the role of the C-terminus, which contains a putative lysosomal-targeting/internalisation motif (GYEVM). C-terminal mutants showed increased surface expression and decreased intracellular lo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD151 | CD151 molecule (Raph blood group), also known as CD151 (Cluster of Differentiation 151), is a human gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins and other transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins. It is involved in cellular processes including cell adhesion and may regulate integrin trafficking and/or function. This protein enhances cell motility, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode the same protein have been described for this gene. Abnormalities in CD151 have been implicated in a form of epidermolysis bullosa.
Interactions
CD151 has been shown to interact with CD46.
See also
Cluster of differentiation
Tetraspanin
References
Further reading
External links
Raph blood group system in the BGMUT blood group antigen gene mutation database
Clusters of differentiation
Blood antigen systems
Transfusion medicine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20replacement%20therapy | Protein replacement therapy is a medical treatment that supplements or replaces a protein in patients in whom that particular protein is deficient or absent. There have been significant advances in this treatment. PRT is being tested in clinical trials with the diseases progeria and epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica as a potential treatment. For patients with epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica there have been promising results.
See also
Enzyme replacement therapy
Gene therapy
References
Further reading
Medical treatments |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20bird | A water bird, alternatively waterbird or aquatic bird, is a bird that lives on or around water. In some definitions, the term water bird is especially applied to birds in freshwater ecosystems, although others make no distinction from seabirds that inhabit marine environments. Some water birds (e.g. wading birds) are more terrestrial while others (e.g. waterfowls) are more aquatic, and their adaptations will vary depending on their environment. These adaptations include webbed feet, beaks, and legs adapted to feed in the water, and the ability to dive from the surface or the air to catch prey in water.
The term aquatic bird is sometimes also used in this context. A related term that has a narrower meaning is waterfowl. Some piscivorous birds of prey, such as ospreys and sea eagles, hunt aquatic prey but do not stay in water for long and live predominantly over dry land, and are not considered water birds. The term waterbird is also used in the context of conservation to refer to any birds that inhabit or depend on bodies of water or wetland areas. Examples of this use include the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) and the Wallnau Waterbird Reserve.
Types
Some examples of water birds are:
Seabirds (marine birds, orders Suliformes, Sphenisciformes, Phaethontiformes, and Procellariiformes, family Pelecanidae within Pelecaniformes and families Alcidae, Laridae, and Stercorariidae within Charadriiformes)
Shorebirds (waders, order Char |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fijivirus | Fijivirus is a genus of double-stranded RNA viruses in the family Reoviridae and subfamily Spinareovirinae. Plants serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this genus include: galls (tumours) in infected plants and Fiji disease, with severe stunting, deformation and death. The group name derives from Fiji island the place where the first virus was isolated. There are nine species in this genus.
Structure
Fijivirus genome composition contains ten linear double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and is carried within virus particles referred to as virions. The Fijivirus genome is constructed inside the virion and is non-enveloped. It contains two separate layers of capsids, an inner and an outer layer, which are constructed by proteins that shell the virus. The capsids are of icosahedral symmetry (T=2 for inner capsid, T=13 for outer capsid), and have an obvious round structure, which is on average 65–70 nm in diameter. Genomes are linear and segmented, around 4.5 kbp in length. The genome codes for 12 proteins.
Replication
Replications of the Fijivirus occurs within the cytoplasm; the virus will diffuse through the cytoplasm of the cell. Transcription of the dsRNA genome occurs inside the virion, and this is important so that the dsRNA is not exposed to the cytoplasm. Transcription results in a positive strand that is then used as the template for translation. The positive RNAs become enclosed within the virion, and then are transcribed to give RNA molecules. With the newly forme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA%20club%20competition%20records%20and%20statistics |
Clubs
UEFA club competition winners
Real Madrid hold the record for the most overall titles (24) while Milan has the most UEFA Super Cup wins (5), a record shared with Barcelona and Real Madrid. The Madrid club have a record 14 titles achieved in the UEFA Champions League and its predecessor. Barcelona have a record four titles in the Cup Winners' Cup while Sevilla have a record of seven UEFA Cup and Europa League titles. Roma and West Ham United have each won one UEFA Europa Conference League title. Finally, German clubs Hamburger SV, Schalke 04, and VfB Stuttgart, as well as Spanish club Villarreal, are the record holders by titles won in the UEFA Intertoto Cup (two each).
Ranking main European club competitions' winning club sides by winning percentage
This is a ranking of all club sides which have won one of the three main European competitions, past or present.
Bayern Munich are the only team to finish a continental competition with a 100% winning record, achieving that milestone in 2020 as part of a modified tournament structure with a final eight in a neutral venue held in a single elimination match due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe.
Top 15 club sides
Qualifying and preliminary round matches are not included, neither are play-off matches; results of penalty shoot-outs are considered the score which preceded them (including extra time).
Table key
List of teams to have won the three main European club competitions
To date, five clubs have won all three ma |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A1tima%20Choi | Fátima Choi Mei Lei (born 1958) MSc, BSc, was a Commissioner of Audit in Macau.
Born in Macau, Choi obtained a Master of Science degree in statistics and Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics from the University of Essex.
She was an assistant researcher in Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Chinese University of Hong Kong from 1985 to 1986. She joined the statistics and census department of the Macau government. Choi held other positions in the local government:
Senior Technician
Department Chief of Social Affairs and Accountants 1991–1995
Deputy Director 1995–1997
Director 1997–1999
Choi was the first Chinese official at the director's level after localization in Macau prior to the handover.
References
1958 births
Living people
Macau women in politics
Macau people
Alumni of the University of Essex |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bietti%27s%20crystalline%20dystrophy | Bietti's crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is a rare autosomal recessive eye disease named after G. B. Bietti.
BCD is a rare disease and appears to be more common in people with Asian ancestry.
Presentation
Symptoms of BCD include:
Crystals in the cornea (the clear covering of the eye)
Yellow, shiny deposits on the retina
Progressive atrophy of the retina, choriocapillaries and choroid (the back layers of the eye). This tends to lead to progressive night blindness and visual field constriction.
Genetics
BCD is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This means the defective gene responsible for the disorder is located on an autosome, and two copies of the defective gene (one inherited from each parent) are required in order to be born with the disorder. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive disorder both carry one copy of the defective gene, but usually do not experience any signs or symptoms of the disorder.
BCD is associated with mutations in the CYP4V2 gene.
The nematode C. elegans has a duplicated gene (cyp31A2 and cyp31A3) that are orthologous of the human gene.
These genes code for cytochrome P450s involved in fatty acid synthesis.
Diagnosis
Treatment
At this time, there is no treatment for BCD. Genetic studies are being conducted to find treatments for patients with BCD.
References
External links
Autosomal recessive disorders
Rare diseases
Disorders of choroid and retina |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecistops | Mecistops is a genus of crocodiles, the slender-snouted crocodiles, native to sub-Saharan Africa.
Taxonomy and etymology
Traditionally placed in Crocodylus, recent studies in DNA and morphology have shown that it is in fact basal to Crocodylus, thus was moved its own genus. This genus itself was long considered to contain only one species, M. cataphractus, but recent genetic analysis has revealed the existence of two species: the West African slender-snouted crocodile (M. cataphractus) and the Central African slender-snouted crocodile (M. leptorhynchus). Both species diverged during the Miocene (about 6.5–7.5 million years ago) and are separated by the Cameroon Volcanic Line.
Phylogeny
The cladogram below is based on two studies that combined morphological and molecular (DNA sequencing) data.
(Note that most morphological analyses find a closer relationship between Euthecodon and Brochuchus.)
Alternatively, other morphological studies have recovered Mecistops as a basal member of Crocodylinae, more closely related to Crocodylus than to Osteolaemus and the other members of Osteolaeminae, as shown in the cladogram below.
Extant Species
Etymology
The genus name Mecistops is most probably derived from the Ancient Greek words μήκιστ (mēkist) meaning "longest" and ὄψις (ópsis) meaning "aspect" or "appearance" or ὄψ (óps) meaning 'face'.
Description
Slender-snouted crocodiles are native to freshwater habitats in central and western Africa. They prefer highly vegetated bodie |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolidine | 2-Tolidine (orthotolidine, o-tolidine; not to be confused with o-toluidine) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (C6H4(CH3)NH2)2. Several isomers are known; the 3-tolidine derivative is also important commercially. It is a colorless compound although commercial samples are often colored. It is slightly soluble in water. It forms salts with acids, such as the hydrochloride, which is commercially available.
2-Tolidine can be produced by many benzidine rearrangement from a hydrazine derivative derived from 2-nitrotoluene.
(CH3C6H4)2N2H2 → (C6H3(CH3)NH2)2
Uses
2-Tolidine aromatic amine used mainly for dye production. 2-Tolidine is an intermediate for the production of soluble azo dyes and insoluble pigments used particularly in the textile, leather and paper industries.
It has also for the production of certain elastomers.
2-Tolidine was widely used as a reagent or indicator in analytical, clinical and forensic chemistry, such as in the analytical determination of gold, or determination of the chlorine level in swimming pool water.
Safety
2-Tolidine is toxic and possibly carcinogenic. It is listed as an IARC Group 2B carcinogen, meaning it is "possibly carcinogenic to humans". Animal studies have shown that animals exposed to tolidine developed tumors in the liver, kidney, and mammary glands.
References
Biphenyls |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Nitroaniline | 2-Nitroaniline is an organic compound with the formula H2NC6H4NO2. It is a derivative of aniline, carrying a nitro functional group in position 2. It is mainly used as a precursor to o-phenylenediamine.
Synthesis
2-Nitroaniline is prepared commercially by the reaction of 2-nitrochlorobenzene with ammonia:
ClC6H4NO2 + 2 NH3 → H2NC6H4NO2 + NH4Cl
Many other methods exist for the synthesis of this compound. Direct nitration of aniline is inefficient since anilinium is produced instead. Nitration of acetanilide gives only traces of 2-nitro isomer is obtained due to the great steric effect of the amide. Sulfonation is usually used to block the 4 position and increases the effectiveness to 56%.
Uses and reactions
2-Nitroaniline is the main precursor to phenylenediamines, which are converted to benzimidazoles, a family of heterocycles that are key components in pharmaceuticals.
Aside from its reduction to phenylenediamine, 2-nitroaniline undergoes other reactions anticipated for aromatic amines. It is protonated to give the anilinium salts. Owing to the influence of the nitro substituent, the amine exhibits a basicity nearly 100,000x lower than aniline itself. Diazotization gives diazonium derivative, which is a precursor to some diazo dyes. Acetylation affords 2-nitroacetanilide.
See also
3-Nitroaniline
4-Nitroaniline
References
External links
Analysis of 2-Nitroaniline
Anilines
Nitrobenzenes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroaniline | The term nitroaniline in chemistry refers to a derivative of aniline (C6H5NH2) containing a nitro group (—NO2) There are three simple nitroanilines of formula C6H4(NH2)(NO2) which differ only in the position of the nitro group:
2-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline
4-Nitroaniline
Some more complicated molecules with other substituents can also be referred to as nitroanilines, for example 4-chloro-3-nitro-aniline. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immature%20ovum | An immature ovum is a cell that goes through the process of oogenesis to become an ovum. It can be an oogonium, an oocyte, or an ootid. An oocyte, in turn, can be either primary or secondary, depending on how far it has come in its process of meiosis.
Oogonium
Oogonia are the cells that turn into primary oocytes in oogenesis. They are diploid, i.e.
Oogonia are created in early embryonic life. All have turned into primary oocytes at late fetal age.
Primary oocyte
The primary oocyte is defined by its process of ootidogenesis, which is meiosis. It has duplicated its DNA, so that each chromosome has two chromatids, i.e. 92 chromatids all in all (4C).
When meiosis I is completed, one secondary oocyte and one polar body is created.
Primary oocytes have been created in late fetal life. This is the stage where immature ova spend most of their lifetime, more specifically in diplotene of prophase I of meiosis. The halt is called dictyate. Most degenerate by atresia, but a few go through ovulation, and that's the trigger to the next step. Thus, an immature ovum can spend up to ~55 years as a primary oocyte (the last ovulation before menopause).
Secondary oocyte
The secondary oocyte is the cell that is formed by meiosis I in oogenesis. Thus, it has only one of each pair of homologous chromosomes. In other words, it is haploid. However, each chromosome still has two chromatids, making a total of 46 chromatids (1N but 2C). The secondary oocyte continues the second stage of meiosi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic%20Fredholm%20theorem | In mathematics, the analytic Fredholm theorem is a result concerning the existence of bounded inverses for a family of bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space. It is the basis of two classical and important theorems, the Fredholm alternative and the Hilbert–Schmidt theorem. The result is named after the Swedish mathematician Erik Ivar Fredholm.
Statement of the theorem
Let be a domain (an open and connected set). Let be a real or complex Hilbert space and let Lin(H) denote the space of bounded linear operators from H into itself; let I denote the identity operator. Let be a mapping such that
B is analytic on G in the sense that the limit exists for all ; and
the operator B(λ) is a compact operator for each .
Then either
does not exist for any ; or
exists for every , where S is a discrete subset of G (i.e., S has no limit points in G). In this case, the function taking λ to is analytic on and, if , then the equation has a finite-dimensional family of solutions.
References
(Theorem 8.92)
Fredholm theory
Theorems in functional analysis
Theorems in complex analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%E2%80%93Schmidt%20theorem | In mathematical analysis, the Hilbert–Schmidt theorem, also known as the eigenfunction expansion theorem, is a fundamental result concerning compact, self-adjoint operators on Hilbert spaces. In the theory of partial differential equations, it is very useful in solving elliptic boundary value problems.
Statement of the theorem
Let (H, ⟨ , ⟩) be a real or complex Hilbert space and let A : H → H be a bounded, compact, self-adjoint operator. Then there is a sequence of non-zero real eigenvalues λi, i = 1, …, N, with N equal to the rank of A, such that |λi| is monotonically non-increasing and, if N = +∞,
Furthermore, if each eigenvalue of A is repeated in the sequence according to its multiplicity, then there exists an orthonormal set φi, i = 1, …, N, of corresponding eigenfunctions, i.e.,
Moreover, the functions φi form an orthonormal basis for the range of A and A can be written as
References
(Theorem 8.94)
(Section 16.6)
Operator theory
Theorems in functional analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azlon | Azlon is a synthetic textile fiber composed of protein material derived from natural sources such as soy, peanut, milk or corn. Currently it is used in clothing.
Regulation
Canada
Under the Textile Labeling and Advertising Regulations, Section 26(f), Azlon is defined as any fiber made from regenerated protein.
United States
The name "Azlon" is regulated by the Federal Trade Commission, § 303.7(g) Rules and Regulations Under the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act. However, there is currently no domestic production.
Azlon is the common generic name for all man-made protein fibers. Aralac was a registered trademark of Aralac, Inc., a division of National Dairy Products Corporation. Its production from unrationed skimmed-milk supplies may have contributed to its popularization during the Second World War.
United Kingdom
Azlon is also a brand of plastic labware. It is a registered trade mark of SciLabware Limited.
See also
Casein
Milk fiber
References
External links
Meet the Azlons from A to Z: Regenerated & Rejuvenated
Azlon Fiber
Synthetic fibers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zev%20Hirsch%20Bernstein | Zev Hirsch Bernstein (1847 in Władysławów, Augustów Governorate, Congress Poland – 1907 in Tannersville, New York) was the author and compiler of the Hatsofe B'Erez Hachadosho, the first Hebrew periodical in the United States.
Bernstein emigrated to the United States in 1870. That summer he tried publishing two newspapers with no success. In 1871, he commenced the Hatsofe, which ran for five years. After the publication ceased he became a banker. Bernstein was also the organizer of the Hebrew Encyclopedia Co.
References
Goldman, Yosef. Hebrew Printing in America, (YGBooks 2006).
1847 births
1907 deaths
People from Kudirkos Naumiestis
People from Augustów Governorate
Lithuanian Jews
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
19th-century American newspaper publishers (people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimrud%20lens | The Nimrud lens, also called Layard lens, is an 8th-century BC piece of rock crystal which was unearthed in 1850 by Austen Henry Layard at the Assyrian palace of Nimrud in modern-day Iraq. It may have been used as a magnifying glass or as a burning-glass to start fires by concentrating sunlight, or it may have been a piece of decorative inlay.
Description
The lens is slightly oval and was roughly ground, perhaps on a lapidary wheel. It has a focal point about from the flat side and a focal length of about 12 cm. This would make it equivalent to a 3× magnifying glass. The surface of the lens has twelve cavities that were opened during grinding, which would have contained naphtha or some other fluid trapped in the raw crystal. The lens is said to be able to focus sunlight although the focus is far from perfect. Because the lens is made from natural rock crystal, the material of the lens has not deteriorated significantly over time.
The Nimrud lens is on display in the British Museum.
Interpretation
The function of the lens is not clear, with some authors suggesting that it was used as an optical lens and others suggesting a decorative function.
Assyrian craftsmen made intricate engravings and could have used a magnifying lens in their work. The discoverer of the lens noted that he had found very small inscriptions on Assyrian artefacts which he suspected had been achieved with the aid of a lens.
Italian scientist Giovanni Pettinato of the University of Rome has proposed t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akinete | An akinete is an enveloped, thick-walled, non-motile, dormant cell formed by filamentous, heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria under the order Nostocales and Stigonematales. Akinetes are resistant to cold and desiccation. They also accumulate and store various essential material, both of which allows the akinete to serve as a survival structure for up to many years. However, akinetes are not resistant to heat. Akinetes usually develop in strings with each cell differentiating after another and this occurs next to heterocysts if they are present. Development usually occurs during stationary phase and is triggered by unfavorable conditions such as insufficient light or nutrients, temperature, and saline levels in the environment. Once conditions become more favorable for growth, the akinete can then germinate back into a vegetative cell. Increased light intensity, nutrients availability, oxygen availability, and changes in salinity are important triggers for germination.
In comparison to vegetative cells, akinetes are generally larger. This is associated with the accumulation of nucleic acids which is important for both dormancy and germination of the akinete. Despite being a resting cell, it is still capable of some metabolic activities such as photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and carbon fixation, albeit at significantly lower levels.
Akinetes can remain dormant for extended periods of time. Studies have shown that some species could be cultured that were 18 and 64 years old. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFMR%20%28Milwaukee%29 | WFMR was a classical music radio station that existed on three different FM frequencies around Milwaukee, Wisconsin, during its 51-year history. Its last frequency was 106.9 MHz.
History
Originally at 96.5 on the FM dial, WFMR signed on the air with a classical music format on June 26, 1956, from the Bayshore Shopping Center in Glendale. The next year, the studios moved to downtown Milwaukee, at 606 West Wisconsin Avenue. The 50,000-watt transmitter (the most powerful allowed by the FCC) was located in a room on the top floor of the 20-story structure—just outside the studio. After Bill Dunn and partners sold the station to Koss Broadcasting (John Koss of Koss Corporation), the studios were moved to the north side of the city, at 711 West Capitol Drive (not to be confused with the WTMJ station's "Radio City", which nearly has the same address number of 720, but on Capitol Drive, fourteen blocks away).
In 1983, the station was sold and flipped to an adult contemporary format, eventually becoming classic hits heritage station WKLH. The owner of a radio station in suburban Menomonee Falls, WXJY (98.3 FM), immediately picked up the classical format and WFMR call letters. The station remained at that frequency until December 12, 2000, when owner Saga Communications moved it to 106.9 FM, using its old frequency of 98.3 for WJMR-FM's urban AC format and call letters. This was done primarily to boost WJMR-FM's signal in the urban areas of Milwaukee, and to target WFMR toward the w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20FC%20Steaua%20Bucure%C8%99ti%20records%20and%20statistics | The FC Steaua București football club has played 74 seasons in Liga I, which it has won 26 times. It has also won Cupa României 22 times, Supercupa României 6 times and Cupa Ligii twice – all competition records. In UEFA competitions the club has won the European Cup and European Super Cup, both in 1986. It has also reached the European Cup final in 1989, the final of the Intercontinental Cup, quarter-finals of the European Cup Winners' Cup, and the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup. Its players have won numerous awards and many of them have represented Romania in international competitions.
Overall seasons table in Liga I
Steaua in European and International competitions
Honours
Steaua won their first trophy in 1948 when they lifted the Cupa Romaniei. The club won the Romanian Championship a record 14 times during the 40-year span of the tournament.
They are the most successful football club in Romanian, having won a total of 77 domestic titles: 26 Divizia A, a record 24 Cupa Romaniei, a record 14 Supercupa Romaniei, a record two Cupa Ligii
The club is also one of the most successful clubs in international club football, having won 2 official trophies in total, 1 of which are UEFA competitions . Ghencea club has won one UEFA Champions League title, a romanian record of one UEFA Super Cup title.
Domestic
Leagues
Liga I / Divizia A
Winners (26) – Record: 1951, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1967–68, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1992–9 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20N.%20Prahlada%20Rao | A. N. Prahlada Rao (born 24 July 1953) is an Indian author and Kannada-language crossword compiler/ Constructor.
Career
A. N. Prahlada Rao was born at Abbani in the Kolar district of Karnataka, India. He started his career as a journalist and was the founder editor of Honnudi.
Rao's involvement in crossword compilation is a hobby that developed from an interest in solving both Kannada and English crosswords while a student in the mid-1970s. He joined the Karnataka Information Department in 1983 in a public relations role and it was at that time he began to compile seriously. He now works as Media Coordinator to Minister for RDPR and IT BT, Government of Karnataka and compiles daily puzzles, sometimes with assistance from his wife. He specialises in themed puzzles and has a particular fondness for cinema. They have appeared in daily, weekly and fortnightly publications such as Prajavani, Samyukta Karnataka, Shakthi, Mangala, Vijaya Karnataka and Ee Sanje. Now he is creating daily Crosswords for Vijaya Karnataka, Samyukta Karnataka andPrajavani (Sahapati). By the end of 2018 July he has composed 42,000 Crosswords and quiz puzzles. Compilation initially took him around two hours but he had reduced that to no more than 20 minutes.
Aside from producing crosswords, Rao also sets quizzes for several publications, drawing on the same trivia and reference books that he has amassed for his compilation efforts. The front wall of his house includes a crossword grid of black and white |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20key | A water key is a valve or tap used to allow the drainage of accumulated fluid from wind instruments. It is otherwise known as a water valve or spit valve. They are most often located where gravity assists the fluid collection, in such valved instruments such as trumpets, cornets and flugelhorns under the lowest bend of the main tuning slide and on valve slides. On the trombone, it is on the lower side of the bend in the hand slide. Baritone saxophones have a water key attached below the top loop of the instrument.
While often referred to as "spit valves", condensation of breath is the accumulated moisture which a water key drains, so upending the instrument to clear the tubing and sound path is not necessary, for when the level rises above the bend unwanted popping occurs as the sound of blowing bubbles through that fluid blockage—a drainage problem which waterkeys solve. Primarily condensed moisture, food particles, but very little actual spit collects from the breath of the player for as they inhale, the upper airways warm and saturate with water before entering the lungs, which is recovered mostly at exhale re-coating the mucus membranes. Saturation increases as lung pressure does while passing the embouchure, and, like a thermal expansion valve in a refrigerator or A/C, the sudden drop in pressure which drops temperature further assists the condensation of the player's warm moist breath. Larger instruments collect condensate more efficiently and the amount of condensat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallock%20machine | The Mallock machine is an electrical analog computer built in 1933 to solve simultaneous linear differential equations. It uses coupled transformers, with numbers of turns digitally set up to +/-1000 and solved sets of up to 10 linear differential equations. It was built by Rawlyn Richard Manconchy Mallock of Cambridge University. The Mallock machine was contemporary with the mechanical differential analyser, which was also used at Cambridge during the late 1930s and 1940s.
References
1930s computers
Analog computers
Computer-related introductions in 1933 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Speedway%20Club%20Champions%27%20Cup | The European Speedway Club Champions' Cup is an annual speedway event held in different clubs organized by the European Motorcycle Union (UEM) since 1998.
Previous winners
Medals classification
References
See also
Motorcycle speedway
Clubs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20A.%20Milliken | George Albert Milliken is emeritus professor of statistics at Kansas State University. He is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and has published many papers in various statistical journals. Milliken is a co-author of the three volume Analysis of Messy Data series (Volume 1: Designed Experiments; Volume 2: Nonreplicated Experiments; Volume 3: Analysis of Covariance) and the co-author of the book SAS System for Mixed Models.
Milliken's books are widely referenced in the statistical research community. He has placed a significant emphasis of his professional research on the following areas:
Nonlinear mixed models
Linear and nonlinear models
Design of experiments, appropriate experimental units
Mixed models, repeated measures, non-replicated experiments
Complex designs from designed experiments and observational studies
References
External links
Milliken's KSU faculty web page
Milliken's consulting firm
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from Manhattan, Kansas
Kansas State University alumni
Fellows of the American Statistical Association |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragrances%20of%20the%20World | Fragrances of the World is the largest independent guide to fragrance classification. First published in 1984 by Michael Edwards in Sydney, Australia, the guide was originally named The Fragrance Manual before becoming Fragrances of the World in 2000. It has since been printed annually in a bilingual English-French edition. An online companion, the Fragrances of the World database, was launched in 2004 and, as of 2015, profiles over 17,000 perfumes, updated weekly. Fragrances of the World is considered a standard encyclopedic reference within the fragrance industry, colloquially termed the “Fragrance Bible” (a registered trademark since 2011).
Entries
Some 8,000 perfumes were profiled in the 2015 printed edition of Fragrances of the World, accompanied by brand name, date, fragrance family and gender. The online database, updated weekly, archives profiles of over 17,000 perfumes, listing brand name, corporate group, creative director, gender, perfumer, date, country of origin, bottle designer, fragrance family, an image, an olfactory pyramid and a pronunciation guide.
The Fragrances of the World database attempts to list all perfumes currently on the market, anywhere in the world. Each listing's profile is written by the guide's editorial team, who evaluate the perfume in collaboration with the fragrance's perfumer and house evaluator.
If a mass-market perfume is discontinued, it remains listed in the guide for another two years, excluding fragrances deemed to be of outsta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir%20Ballut | Deir Ballut () is a Palestinian town located in the Salfit Governorate in the northern West Bank, south west of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of 3,873 in 2017.
Location
Deir Ballut is located west of Salfit. It is bordered by Kafr ad Dik to its east, Al Lubban al Gharbi to the south, Kafr Qasem to the west, and Rafat to the north.
History
Sherds from the Iron Age, Roman, Byzantine, Umayyad/Abbasid and Crusader/Ayyubid eras have been found here.
The "great valley" of Wadi Deir Ballut was identified by Charles William Wilson (1836–1905) as the boundary between Judaea and Samaria, as defined by first-century historian Josephus.
Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi records in 1226 that "Deir al-Ballut was a village of district around ar-Ramla."
Ottoman era
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Deir Ballut belonged to the highland region known as Jūrat ‘Amra or Bilād Jammā‘īn. Situated between Dayr Ghassāna in the south and the present Route 5 in the north, and between Majdal Yābā in the west and Jammā‘īn, Mardā and Kifl Ḥāris in the east, this area served, according to historian Roy Marom, "as a buffer zone between the political-economic-social units of the Jerusalem and the Nablus regions. On the political level, it suffered from instability due to the migration of the Bedouin tribes and the constant competition among local clans for the right to collect taxes on behalf of the Ottoman authorities.”
In 1838, it was noted as a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissajous%20knot | In knot theory, a Lissajous knot is a knot defined by parametric equations of the form
where , , and are integers and the phase shifts , , and may be any real numbers.
The projection of a Lissajous knot onto any of the three coordinate planes is a Lissajous curve, and many of the properties of these knots are closely related to properties of Lissajous curves.
Replacing the cosine function in the parametrization by a triangle wave transforms every Lissajous
knot isotopically into a billiard curve inside a cube, the simplest case of so-called billiard knots.
Billiard knots can also be studied in other domains, for instance in a cylinder or in a (flat) solid torus (Lissajous-toric knot).
Form
Because a knot cannot be self-intersecting, the three integers must be pairwise relatively prime, and none of the quantities
may be an integer multiple of pi. Moreover, by making a substitution of the form , one may assume that any of the three phase shifts , , is equal to zero.
Examples
Here are some examples of Lissajous knots, all of which have :
There are infinitely many different Lissajous knots, and other examples with 10 or fewer crossings include the 74 knot, the 815 knot, the 101 knot, the 1035 knot, the 1058 knot, and the composite knot 52* # 52, as well as the 916 knot, 1076 knot, the 1099 knot, the 10122 knot, the 10144 knot, the granny knot, and the composite knot 52 # 52. In addition, it is known that every twist knot with Arf invariant zero is a Lissajous knot. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Nolan | Alan Nolan (born 4 June 1985) is a hurler for Dublin and St Brigid's. He was named on the Dublin Blue Stars team for 2006.
Career statistics
Honours
Dublin
Leinster Senior Hurling Championship: 2013
National Hurling League Division 1: 2011
National Hurling League Division 1B: 2013
National Hurling League Division 2: 2006
Walsh Cup: 2011, 2013
References
1985 births
Living people
Dublin inter-county hurlers
Hurling goalkeepers
Irish plumbers
St Brigid's (Dublin) hurlers
People educated at St. Declan's College, Dublin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine%20regression | A marine regression is a geological process occurring when areas of submerged seafloor are exposed above the sea level. The opposite event, marine transgression, occurs when flooding from the sea covers previously-exposed land.
Evidence of marine regressions and transgressions occurs throughout the fossil record, and the fluctuations are thought to have caused or contributed to several mass extinctions, such as the Permian-Triassic extinction event (250 million years ago) and Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event (66 Ma). During the Permian-Triassic extinction, the largest extinction event in the Earth's history, the global sea level fell 250 m (820 ft).
A major regression could itself cause marine organisms in shallow seas to go extinct, but mass extinctions tend to involve both terrestrial and aquatic species, and it is harder to see how a marine regression could cause widespread extinctions of land animals. Regressions are, therefore, seen as correlates or symptoms of major extinctions, rather than primary causes. The Permian regression might have been related to the formation of Pangaea. The accumulation of all major landmasses into one body could have facilitated a regression by providing "a slight enlargement of the ocean basins as the great continents coalesced." However, that cause could not have applied in all or even many of the other cases.
During the ice ages of the Pleistocene, a clear correlation existed between marine regressions and episodes of glaciation. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storyteller%20%28Crystal%20Waters%20album%29 | Storyteller is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Crystal Waters, released on May 17, 1994, by Mercury Records. The album peaked at number 199 on the US Billboard 200, number 73 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and number 8 on the Top Heatseekers chart. Four singles were released from the album: "What I Need", "Relax", "Ghetto Day", and the hit, "100% Pure Love". "Ghetto Day" samples The 5th Dimension's 1968 hit "Stoned Soul Picnic".
Storyteller sold 1 million copies and was certified gold in the United States.
Reception
The album debuted at 199 on the US Billboard 200. Since its release, it has gone gold, and sold over 1 million copies worldwide. Upon release, the album received generally positive reviews from contemporary music critics. It won Vibe'''s 1994 Music Poll for Best Club/Dance Album. It was the no. 12 Best Album of 1994 in Spin''.
Track listing
Personnel
Drums, percussion – Teddy Douglass, Maurice Fulton, Richard Payton, Doug Smith, Sean Spencer, Jay Steinhour
Drum programming – Maurice Fulton, Sean Spencer
Guitars – Wayne Cooper
Keyboards and programming – David Anthony, Hoza Clowney, Neal Conway, Charles Dockins, Maurice Fulton, Mark Harris, Richard Payton, Fruity Roberts, Doug Smith
Vibraphone – David Bach
Saxophone – Greg Thomas (also scatting)
Horns – Greg Boyer, Benny Cowan
Multi-instruments – Eric Kupper
Backing vocals – Katreese Barnes, Kenny Hicks, Adrianne McDonald, Antionette Robertson, Novelair Thomas, Audrey Wheeler
Charts |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankine | Rankine is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
William Rankine (1820–1872), Scottish engineer and physicist
Rankine body an elliptical shape of significance in fluid dynamics, named for Rankine
Rankine scale, an absolute-temperature scale related to the Fahrenheit scale, named for Rankine
Rankine cycle, a thermodynamic heat-engine cycle, also named after Rankine
Rankine Lecture, a lecture delivered annually by an expert in the field of geotechnics
Alan Rankine (born 1958), Scottish rock musician
Alexander Rankine (1881–1956), British physicist
Andy Rankine (1895–1965), Scottish footballer
Camille Rankine, American poet
Claudia Rankine (born 1963), American poet and playwright
Dean Rankine, Australian comics artist
George Rankine Irwin, (1907–1998) American materials scientist
James Rankine (1828–1897), South Australian politician
Jennifer Rankine (born 1953), South Australian politician
John Rankine (1918–2013), British science fiction author
John Rankine (politician) (1801–1864), South Australian physician and politician
John Rankine (governor) (1907–1987), British colonial administrator
Leila Rankine (1932–1993), Aboriginal Australian poet, co-founder of the Centre for Aboriginal Studies in Music at the University of Adelaide
Mark Rankine (born 1969), English footballer
Michael Rankine (born 1985), English footballer
Scotty Rankine (1909–1995), Canadian Olympic athlete
Thomas Rankine (born 1978), American musician
William Rankine Mill |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20minimization | In the field of computational chemistry, energy minimization (also called energy optimization, geometry minimization, or geometry optimization) is the process of finding an arrangement in space of a collection of atoms where, according to some computational model of chemical bonding, the net inter-atomic force on each atom is acceptably close to zero and the position on the potential energy surface (PES) is a stationary point (described later). The collection of atoms might be a single molecule, an ion, a condensed phase, a transition state or even a collection of any of these. The computational model of chemical bonding might, for example, be quantum mechanics.
As an example, when optimizing the geometry of a water molecule, one aims to obtain the hydrogen-oxygen bond lengths and the hydrogen-oxygen-hydrogen bond angle which minimize the forces that would otherwise be pulling atoms together or pushing them apart.
The motivation for performing a geometry optimization is the physical significance of the obtained structure: optimized structures often correspond to a substance as it is found in nature and the geometry of such a structure can be used in a variety of experimental and theoretical investigations in the fields of chemical structure, thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, spectroscopy and others.
Typically, but not always, the process seeks to find the geometry of a particular arrangement of the atoms that represents a local or global energy minimum. Instead of searchi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20enforcement%20in%20British%20Columbia%2C%202005 | This is a list of statistics in law enforcement in British Columbia in 2005, including crime rates, police strength, and police costs. In total there were 508,271 reported (non-traffic) incidents of Criminal Code offences, giving the province a crime rate of 120 offences per 1,000 people, the second highest in Canada. This was down 5% from 2004's rate of 125, and was the first decrease since 1999-2000. Of these crimes, only 22% were solved in the same year, including 52% of all violent crimes and 13% of all property crimes. This resulted in 57,817 persons being recommended for charges to the Crown counsel, of which 81% were male and 10% were young offenders (between 12 and 17 years old).
Law enforcement was supplied mainly by municipal forces, either an independent police department or the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). Municipalities with populations over 5,000 people using the RCMP paid either 90% or 70% of their costs, depending on their population size, with the federal government paying the remainder. Those municipalities under 5,000 people shared a detachment with the general rural area but did not pay any of the policing costs while the unincorporated rural areas paid a small, varied, amount through a general rural property tax. Other police forces operating within BC include 2 First Nations forces, a RCMP federal force, the Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority Police Service (now South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Police Service), the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speeded%20up%20robust%20features | In computer vision, speeded up robust features (SURF) is a patented local feature detector and descriptor. It can be used for tasks such as object recognition, image registration, classification, or 3D reconstruction. It is partly inspired by the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) descriptor. The standard version of SURF is several times faster than SIFT and claimed by its authors to be more robust against different image transformations than SIFT.
To detect interest points, SURF uses an integer approximation of the determinant of Hessian blob detector, which can be computed with 3 integer operations using a precomputed integral image. Its feature descriptor is based on the sum of the Haar wavelet response around the point of interest. These can also be computed with the aid of the integral image.
SURF descriptors have been used to locate and recognize objects, people or faces, to reconstruct 3D scenes, to track objects and to extract points of interest.
SURF was first published by Herbert Bay, Tinne Tuytelaars, and Luc Van Gool, and presented at the 2006 European Conference on Computer Vision. An application of the algorithm is patented in the United States. An "upright" version of SURF (called U-SURF) is not invariant to image rotation and therefore faster to compute and better suited for application where the camera remains more or less horizontal.
The image is transformed into coordinates, using the multi-resolution pyramid technique, to copy the original image |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLOH | GLOH (Gradient Location and Orientation Histogram) is a robust image descriptor that can be used in computer vision tasks. It is a SIFT-like descriptor that considers more spatial regions for the histograms. An intermediate vector is computed from 17 location and 16 orientation bins, for a total of 272-dimensions. Principal components analysis (PCA) is then used to reduce the vector size to 128 (same size as SIFT descriptor vector).
See also
Scale-invariant feature transform
Speeded Up Robust Features
LESH – Local Energy-based Shape Histogram
Feature detection (computer vision)
References
Krystian Mikolajczyk and Cordelia Schmid "A performance evaluation of local descriptors", IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 10, 27, pp 1615--1630, 2005.
Feature detection (computer vision) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs%20Augusto | Luís Augusto Osório Romão do Nascimento(born 20 November 1983), known as Luís Augusto, is a Brazilian retired footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.
Club statistics
References
External links
CBF
1983 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Santos FC players
Paysandu Sport Club players
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
J1 League players
J2 League players
Yokohama FC players
Oita Trinita players
Albirex Niigata players
Clube Atlético Bragantino players
Comercial Futebol Clube (Ribeirão Preto) players
Guarany Sporting Club players
Brasiliense FC players
River Atlético Clube players
Men's association football midfielders
People from Oeiras, Piauí
Footballers from Piauí |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anderson%20orthogonality%20theorem | The Anderson orthogonality theorem is a theorem in physics by the physicist P. W. Anderson.
It relates to the introduction of a magnetic impurity in a metal. When a magnetic impurity is introduced into a metal, the conduction electrons will tend to screen the potential that the impurity creates. The N-electron ground state for the system when , which corresponds to the absence of the impurity and , which corresponds to the introduction of the impurity are orthogonal in the thermodynamic limit .
References
Condensed matter physics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201987%29 | Gabriel Donizette de Santana, or simply Gabriel (born September 8, 1987) is a Brazilianiel played for V in the J1 League during 2006 and 2007.
Club statistics
References
External links
1987 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Mogi Mirim Esporte Clube players
Sanat Naft Abadan F.C. players
Aluminium Hormozgan F.C. players
Expatriate men's footballers in Iran
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
J1 League players
J2 League players
Vissel Kobe players
Men's association football midfielders |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico%20Poitschke | Enrico Poitschke (born 23 August 1969 in Görlitz) is a German former road racing cyclist.
Major results
2001
1st, Stage 3, Ringerike GP
1st, Stage 5, Ringerike GP
1st, General Classification, Ringerike GP
1st, Stage 4, Course de la Paix
1st, Criterium München
1st, Criterium Hof
2003
1st, Rund um Hainleite-Erfurt
External links
1969 births
Living people
German male cyclists
Sportspeople from Görlitz
Cyclists from Saxony
People from Bezirk Dresden
East German male cyclists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tic%C3%A3o | Carlos Augusto Bertoldi (; born February 7, 1985, in Curitiba), known simply as Ticão, is a Brazilian professional footballer who is currently a free agent.
Statistics
Club career
Sim.
Honours
Club Athlético Paranaense
Paraná State League: 2005
Sport Club do Recife
Pernambuco State League: 2006, 2007.
Fortaleza Esporte Clube
Ceará State League: 2010.
Yuen Long
Hong Kong Senior Shield: 2017–18
Contract
Náutico (Loan) 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2008
Atlético-PR 1 January 2008 to 1 January 2010
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Club Athletico Paranaense players
Sport Club do Recife players
Clube Náutico Capibaribe players
Ituano FC players
Olympiacos Volos F.C. players
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in Hong Kong
Footballers from Curitiba
South China AA players
Yuen Long FC players
Southern District FC players
Hong Kong Premier League players
Hong Kong League XI representative players |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clibadium%20pentaneuron | Clibadium pentaneuron, synonym Clibadium zakii, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Colombia and Ecuador. In Ecuador, its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
Conservation
Clibadium zakii was assessed as "vulnerable" in the 2003 IUCN Red List, where it is said to be native only to Ecuador. , C. zakii was regarded as a synonym of Clibadium pentaneuron, which is also found in Colombia.
References
pentaneuron
Flora of Colombia
Flora of Ecuador
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Frequency%20E.P. | The Frequency E.P. is an extended play album by PlayRadioPlay!. It debuted to the public on April 27, 2007 and at number 6 on Billboard's Electronic chart.
Track listing
"Bad Cops Bad Charities" – 4:15
"Complement Each Other Like Colors" – 3:57
"Confines of Gravity" – 2:49
"At This Particular Moment in Time" – 4:05
"Even Fairy Tale Characters Would Be Jealous" – 2:52
"Mr. Brightside" (cover of The Killers' song) – 5:11
Enhanced CD
The Frequency E.P. features a studio recording of PlayRadioPlay! performing "Madi's Birthday Song" or "Happy Birthday Madi" live from his home studio or "The Bat Cave".
References
External links
Official website
MySpace page
Analog Rebellion albums
2007 EPs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wattenberg%2C%20Tyrol | Wattenberg is a municipality in the district of Innsbruck-Land in the Austrian state of Tyrol located 15 km east of Innsbruck and 2.50 km above the Swarovski crystal town Wattens.
Population
Gallery
References
External links
Municipality Wattenberg: Official website of the municipality in the Hall-Wattens region
Cities and towns in Innsbruck-Land District |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delorazepam | Delorazepam, also known as chlordesmethyldiazepam and nordiclazepam, is a drug which is a benzodiazepine and a derivative of desmethyldiazepam. It is marketed in Italy, where it is available under the trade name EN and Dadumir. Delorazepam (chlordesmethyldiazepam) is also an active metabolite of the benzodiazepine drugs diclazepam and cloxazolam. Adverse effects may include hangover type effects, drowsiness, behavioural impairments and short-term memory impairments. Similar to other benzodiazepines delorazepam has anxiolytic, skeletal muscle relaxant, hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties.
Indications
Delorazepam is mainly used as an anxiolytic because of its long elimination half-life; showing superiority over the short-acting drug lorazepam. In comparison with the antidepressant drugs, paroxetine and imipramine, delorazepam was found to be more effective in the short-term but after 4 weeks the antidepressants showed superior anti-anxiety effects.
Delorazepam is also used as a premedication for dental phobia for its anxiolytic properties. High doses of Delorazepam may be administered the night before a dental (or other medical) procedure in order to provide relief from anxiety-associated insomnia that night with the effects persisting long enough to sufficiently treat anxiety the next day.
Delorazepam has also demonstrated effectiveness in treating alcohol withdrawal.
Availability
Delorazepam is available in tablet and liquid drop formulations. The liquid drop formulati |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadd45 | The Growth Arrest and DNA Damage or gadd45 genes, including GADD45A (originally termed gadd45) GADD45B (originally termed MyD118), and GADD45G (originally termed CR6), are implicated as stress sensors that modulate the response of mammalian cells to genotoxic/physiological stress, and modulate tumor formation. Gadd45 proteins interact with other proteins implicated in stress responses, including PCNA, p21, Cdc2/CyclinB1, MEKK4, and p38 kinase.
GADD45 proteins regulate differentiation at the two cell stage of embryogenesis, a key stage of zygotic genome activation. GADD45 likely acts by promoting TET-mediated DNA demethylation leading to the induction of expression of genes necessary for zygote activation.
Overexpression of the GADD45 gene in the Drosophila melanogaster nervous system significantly increases longevity. This longevity increase can be attributed to more efficient recognition and repair of spontaneous DNA damages generated by physiological processes and environmental factors.
History
Gadd45a was discovered and characterized in the laboratory of Dr. Albert J. Fornace Jr. in 1988.
Gadd45b (MyD118) was discovered and characterized in the laboratories of Drs. Dan A. Liebermann and Barbara Hoffman in 1991.
Gadd45g (CR6) was discovered and characterized in the laboratories of Drs. Kenneth Smith, Dan A. Liebermann, and Barbara Hoffman in 1993 and 1999.
See also
GADD45A
GADD45B
GADD45G
References
External links
Mammal genes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNRT | The National Company of Radio and Television (, ; , SNRT; , ) is the public broadcaster of Morocco.
History
It was formerly called Moroccan Radio and Television (RTM) from 1956 and Radiodiffusion-Télévision Marocaine (RTM) from 1961. Radio-Maroc was one of the founding members of the European Broadcasting Union in 1950 and continued as an active member until 1 January 1961 when RTM changed its affiliation to associate membership. In 1969 RTM was readmitted as an active member.
In 2009, the SNRT became a shareholder in Euronews, initially acquiring 0.33% then later expanding its share to 6% in 2011.
In 2021, Othman El Ferdaous, the Minister of Culture, announced that SNRT would be reorganized into a public holding group by 2024, during which it would acquire the part-state-owned 2M and private Medi 1 Radio and Medi 1 TV channels. In addition, its Aflam TV channel would be replaced with an "SVOD" video-on-demand platform.
On 12 November 2022, Arryadia obtained rights to broadcast 10 matches including the Moroccan national team for the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
On 13 May 2023, SNRT proposed an acquisition of 86.3% shares of Medi1 Radio.
Role as a public broadcaster
In the exercise of its public service function, among the obligations of the SNRT Corporation are:
Promote dissemination and awareness of constitutional principles and civic values.
Guarantee the objectivity and truthfulness of the information provided, while ensuring that a broad range of views is presented.
Fa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-S%C3%A9v%C3%A8re%2C%20Quebec | Saint-Sévère is a parish municipality in the Mauricie region of the province of Quebec in Canada.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Saint-Sévère had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
References
External links
Parish municipalities in Quebec
Incorporated places in Mauricie |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulysin | Insulysin () (Also called insulinase, insulin-degrading enzyme, insulin protease, insulin proteinase, insulin-degrading neutral proteinase, insulin-specific protease, insulin-glucagon protease, metalloinsulinase, IDE) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the degradation reaction of insulin, glucagon and other polypeptides.
This cytosolic enzyme is present in mammals and in many arthropods such as the fly Drosophila melanogaster.
See also
Insulin-degrading enzyme
References
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/20/23/8745.full
External links
EC 3.4.24 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysostaphin | Lysostaphin (, glycyl-glycine endopeptidase) is a Staphylococcus simulans metalloendopeptidase (crystal structure of lysostaphin). It can function as a bacteriocin (antimicrobial) against Staphylococcus aureus.
Lysostaphin is a 27 KDa glycylglycine endopeptidase, an antibacterial enzyme which is capable of cleaving the crosslinking pentaglycine bridges found in the cell wall peptidoglycan of certain Staphylococci. Lysostaphin was first isolated from a culture of Staphylococcus simulans by Schindler and Schuhardt in 1964. S. aureus cell walls contain high proportions of pentaglycine, making lysostaphin a highly effective agent against both actively growing and quiescent bacteria.
Staphylococcal infections of both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis continue to be a major issue in clinical settings, particularly those with implantable devices. Staphylococci cause a significant percentage of device infections, and like many other pathogens, rather than living as free planktonic cells within the host they have the ability to form a multilayered community of sessile bacteria cells known as a biofilm on implantable devices. Once a "Staphylococcal" biofilm has formed on an implanted medical device, it is difficult to disrupt due to its antibiotic resistance and protection against bacterial action.
Many studies have been previously published on lysostaphin since its isolation, both in vitro and in vivo. Lysostaphin has been shown to eradicate susceptible S. aureus |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundnut%20rosette%20virus | Groundnut rosette virus (GRV) is a peanut pathogenic virus found in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is transmitted between plants by insect vectors such as the groundnut aphid (Aphis craccivora).
History
The groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) originated in South America where it has long been domesticated. More recently it has been cultivated in other parts of the world and is an important subsistence crop in Sub-Saharan Africa. Groundnut rosette virus was first described in Africa in 1907 and causes serious damage to groundnut crops on that continent. In 1939 it was reported to infect 80 to 90% of plants in the Belgian Congo causing major losses in yield. The virus can spread rapidly through a crop. In a study in Tanzania, the first affected plants were seen six days after the first aphids were observed. Aphid numbers built up rapidly and the disease increased tenfold in two weeks with 65% of the crop plants affected three weeks later.
Symptoms
Research has shown that plants infected by groundnut rosette virus alone show little or no effect, but that the symptoms of the disease are caused by a satellite RNA co-infection, a subviral agent. Groundnut plants affected take on a bushy appearance due to stunting and distortion of the growing shoots. There is a yellowing or mottling of the foliage. Plants affected when young may produce no nuts.
There are three main types of symptoms:
Chlorotic rosette is common in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Young leaflets become slightly mottled, and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hop%20latent%20viroid | Hop latent viroid (abbreviated HpLVd, or HLVd) is a viroid, which is known to cause the Dudding Disease in hemp and cannabis. It is a non-capsulated strand of RNA and an obligate parasite that requires the presence of a compatible host for its survivability. It can have minor effects on hop quality, but has shown to cause severe stunting in hemp and cannabis. Due to its ability to remain undetected, it has become an issue of significant risk for some hemp and cannabis cultivars. Studies regarding this viroid and its ability to infiltrate its plant host are well underway; however, addressing measures to reduce its introduction into growing environments is still challenging.
Transmission
Hop latent viroid most notably spread from performing mechanical practices with contaminated tools and equipment such as boots, shears, shovels, or tractors. Viroids cannot physically enter a host independently, requiring some vector; in this case, it is with unsterilized tools or equipment when managing cultivars. Propagules can be unintentionally infected when obtaining them from a mother plant, or they can be from an infected plant that is asymptomatic. Hop latent viroid can enter cultivars undetected since some plants don't demonstrate any signs of infection.
Effects on plant
Plants affected by hop latent viroid may display stunted growth, brittle stems, and reduced foliage; symptoms result from RNA of the viroid disrupting the plant metabolites. These symptoms are reflected in the plan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoionisation%20cross%20section | Photoionisation cross section in the context of condensed matter physics refers to the probability of a particle (usually an electron) being emitted from its electronic state.
Cross section in photoemission
The photoemission is a useful experimental method for the determination and the study of the electronic states. Sometimes the small amount of deposited material over a surface has a weak contribution to the photoemission spectra, which makes its identification very difficult.
The knowledge of the cross section of a material can help to detect thin layers or 1D nanowires over a substrate. A right choice of the photon energy can enhance a small amount of material deposited over a surface, otherwise the display of the different spectra won't be possible.
See also
Gamma ray cross section
ARPES
Synchrotron radiation
Cross section (physics)
Absorption cross section
Nuclear cross section
References
External links
Elettra's photoemission cross sections calculations
Electromagnetism
Condensed matter physics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carly%20Manning | Carly Manning is a fictional character on the NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives. Crystal Chappell portrayed the character from June 12, 1990, to October 18, 1993. After a sixteen-year absence, she reprised the role on October 2, 2009, to September 22, 2011. Chappell's most memorable storyline was in 1993 when her longtime rival Vivian Alamain (Louise Sorel) buried her alive, which has become one of the show's most notorious plots. Along with Vivian, most of Carly's stories revolve around her ex-husband Bo Brady (Peter Reckell) and late husband Lawrence Alamain (Michael Sabatino).
Casting
Following the departure of Kristian Alfonso as heroine Hope Williams Brady in 1990, DAYS sought an actress for the newly created role of Carly Manning. Crystal Chappell joined the cast after her short-term role as drug dealer Jane Kingsley on another NBC soap opera, Santa Barbara when she was approached by the show's casting director Doris Sabbagh. Chappell studied acting at the University of Maryland, Baltimore and with legendary acting coach Sanford Meisner before she pursued the art professionally in 1989 after being cast as a day player on the ABC soap opera All My Children. By the time she began to appear as a regular on DAYS, she felt accomplished to have booked such a prominent role on a major show. After spending three years on the soap, Chappell left and eventually took roles on One Life to Live as Maggie Carpenter from 1995-1997 and Guiding Light as Olivia Spencer from 1999-2009, w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josimar%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201987%29 | Josimar Rodrigues Souza Roberto, or simply Josimar (born August 16, 1987), is a Brazilian striker .
Club statistics
References
External links
1987 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
J1 League players
J2 League players
Ipatinga Futebol Clube players
Ventforet Kofu players
Ehime FC players
Tokyo Verdy players
Clube Náutico Capibaribe players
Clube Esportivo Lajeadense players
Al Fateh SC players
Army United F.C. players
Port F.C. players
PTT Rayong F.C. players
Thai League 1 players
Thai League 2 players
Expatriate men's footballers in Saudi Arabia
Expatriate men's footballers in Thailand
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Japan
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Thailand
Saudi Pro League players
Men's association football forwards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernandinho%20%28footballer%2C%20born%20January%201981%29 | Éldis Fernando Damasio, better known as Fernandinho (フェルナンジーニョ, born January 13, 1981), is a Brazilian footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Gainare Tottori.
Club career statistics
Updated to 23 February 2020.
References
External links
Profile at Gainare Tottori
Profile at Oita Trinita
1981 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Figueirense FC players
Associação Desportiva São Caetano players
CR Vasco da Gama players
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
J1 League players
J2 League players
J3 League players
Gamba Osaka players
Shimizu S-Pulse players
Kyoto Sanga FC players
Oita Trinita players
Vegalta Sendai players
Ventforet Kofu players
Gainare Tottori players
Mogi Mirim Esporte Clube players
Footballers from Florianópolis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification%20of%20ethnicity%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom | A number of different systems of classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom exist. These schemata have been the subject of debate, including about the nature of ethnicity, how or whether it can be categorised, and the relationship between ethnicity, race, and nationality.
National statistics
History and debate
The 1991 UK census was the first to include a question on ethnicity. Field trials had started in 1975 to establish whether a question could be devised that was acceptable to the public and would provide information on race or ethnicity that would be more reliable than questions about an individual's parents' birthplaces. A number of different questions and answer classifications were suggested and tested, culminating in the April 1989 census test. The question used in the later 1991 census was similar to that tested in 1989, and took the same format on the census forms in England, Wales and Scotland. However, the question was not asked in Northern Ireland. The tick-boxes used in 1991 were "White", "Black-Caribbean", "Black-African", "Black-Other (please describe)", "Indian", "Pakistani", "Bangladeshi", "Chinese" and "Any other ethnic group (please describe)".
Sociologist Peter J. Aspinall has categorised what he regards as a number of "persistent problems with salient collective terminology". These problems are ambiguity in respect of the populations that are described by different labels, the invisibility of white minority groups in official classifications, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusionless%20transformation | Diffusionless transformations, also referred to as displacive transformations, are solid-state changes in the crystal structure that do not rely on the diffusion of atoms over long distances. Instead, they occur due to coordinated shifts in atomic positions, where atoms move by a distance less than the span between neighboring atoms while maintaining their relative arrangement. An illustrative instance of this is the martensitic transformation observed in steel. The term "martensite" was initially used to designate the hard and finely dispersed constituent that forms in rapidly cooled steels. Subsequently, it was discovered that other materials, including non-ferrous alloys and ceramics, can undergo diffusionless transformations as well. As a result, the term "martensite" has taken on a more inclusive meaning to encompass the resulting product of such transformations. With diffusionless transformations, there is some form of cooperative, homogeneous movement that results in a change to the crystal structure during a phase change. These movements are small, usually less than their interatomic distances, and the neighbors of an atom remain close. The systematic movement of large numbers of atoms led to some to refer to these as military transformations in contrast to civilian diffusion-based phase changes, initially by Frederick Charles Frank and John Wyrill Christian.
The most commonly encountered transformation of this type is the martensitic transformation which, while prob |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabio%20Parra | Fabio Enrique Parra Pinto (born November 22, 1959 in Sogamoso, Boyacá) is a retired Colombian road racing cyclist. Parra was successful as an amateur in Colombia, winning the Novatos classification for new riders or riders riding their first edition of the race, and finishing 14th in the 1979 Vuelta a Colombia and then the General classification in the 1981 Vuelta a Colombia. He also competed in the individual road race event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
Parra turned professional for the first Colombian cycling team, Café de Colombia, in 1985. He was a professional from 1985 to 1992 and won stages in the Tour de France and Vuelta a España. His success occurred at the same time as his compatriot Luis Herrera. While Herrera won stages and the King of the Mountains competitions in the grand tours, Parra could contend for the overall classification. His greatest achievements were a third place in the 1988 Tour de France, highest placing of a South American for 25 years, until his countryman Nairo Quintana finished second in the 2013 Tour de France, and, in the following year in the Vuelta a España, finishing second to Pedro Delgado at 35 seconds.
Fabio Parra has two younger brothers who also became professionals, Humberto Parra Pinto and Iván Parra. Humberto rode for three years for Kelme while Iván won 2 stages of the 2005 Giro d'Italia.
Career achievements
Major results
1979
1st Novatos New rider classification, Vuelta a Colombia
1980
9th Overall Vuelta a Colombia
1981
1st |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotrypetes | Geotrypetes is a genus of caecilians in the family Dermophiidae, although some classifications place it in the family Caeciliidae. They occur in tropical West Africa and are sometimes known as the West African caecilians.
Species
There are three species:
References
Amphibian genera
Amphibians of Sub-Saharan Africa
Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounded%20inverse%20theorem | In mathematics, the bounded inverse theorem ( also called inverse mapping theorem or Banach isomorphism theorem) is a result in the theory of bounded linear operators on Banach spaces.
It states that a bijective bounded linear operator T from one Banach space to another has bounded inverse T−1. It is equivalent to both the open mapping theorem and the closed graph theorem.
Generalization
Counterexample
This theorem may not hold for normed spaces that are not complete.
For example, consider the space X of sequences x : N → R with only finitely many non-zero terms equipped with the supremum norm. The map T : X → X defined by
is bounded, linear and invertible, but T−1 is unbounded.
This does not contradict the bounded inverse theorem since X is not complete, and thus is not a Banach space.
To see that it's not complete, consider the sequence of sequences x(n) ∈ X given by
converges as n → ∞ to the sequence x(∞) given by
which has all its terms non-zero, and so does not lie in X.
The completion of X is the space of all sequences that converge to zero, which is a (closed) subspace of the ℓp space ℓ∞(N), which is the space of all bounded sequences.
However, in this case, the map T is not onto, and thus not a bijection. To see this, one need simply note that the sequence
is an element of , but is not in the range of .
See also
References
Bibliography
(Section 8.2)
Operator theory
Theorems in functional analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal%20recognition%20particle%20RNA | The signal recognition particle RNA, (also known as 7SL, 6S, ffs, or 4.5S RNA) is part of the signal recognition particle (SRP) ribonucleoprotein complex. SRP recognizes the signal peptide and binds to the ribosome, halting protein synthesis. is a protein that is embedded in a membrane, and which contains a transmembrane pore. When the complex binds to , SRP releases the ribosome and drifts away. The ribosome resumes protein synthesis, but now the protein is moving through the transmembrane pore.
In this way SRP directs the movement of proteins within the cell to bind with a transmembrane pore which allows the protein to cross the membrane to where it is needed. The RNA and protein components of this complex are highly conserved but do vary between the different kingdoms of life.
The common SINE family Alu probably originated from a 7SL RNA gene after deletion of a central sequence.
The eukaryotic SRP consists of a 300-nucleotide 7S RNA and six proteins: SRPs 72, 68, 54, 19, 14, and 9. Archaeal SRP consists of a 7S RNA and homologues of the eukaryotic SRP19 and SRP54 proteins. Eukaryotic and archaeal 7S RNAs have very similar secondary structures.
In most bacteria, the SRP consists of an RNA molecule (4.5S) and the Ffh protein (a homologue of the eukaryotic SRP54 protein). Some Gram-positive bacteria (e.g. Bacillus subtilis) have a longer eukaryote-like SRP RNA that includes an Alu domain.
In eukaryotes and archaea, eight helical elements fold into the Alu and S doma |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse%20mapping%20theorem | In mathematics, inverse mapping theorem may refer to:
the inverse function theorem on the existence of local inverses for functions with non-singular derivatives
the bounded inverse theorem on the boundedness of the inverse for invertible bounded linear operators on Banach spaces |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oat%20blue%20dwarf%20virus | Oat blue dwarf virus (OBDV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Tymoviridae. It replicates within leafhopper vectors, and when these vectors feed, the virus is transmitted to the plant. It can infect oats and barley.
References
External links
ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Oat blue dwarf virus
Family Groups - The Baltimore Method
Tymoviridae
Viral plant pathogens and diseases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat%20shock%20factor | In molecular biology, heat shock factors (HSF), are the transcription factors that regulate the expression of the heat shock proteins. A typical example is the heat shock factor of Drosophila melanogaster.
Function
Heat shock factors (HSF) are transcriptional activators of heat shock genes. These activators bind specifically to Heat Shock sequence Elements (HSE) throughout the genome whose consensus-sequence is a tandem array of three oppositely oriented "AGAAN" motifs or a degenerate version thereof. Under non-stressed conditions, Drosophila HSF is a nuclear-localized unbound monomer, whereas heat shock activation results in trimerization and binding to the HSE. The Heat Shock sequence Element is highly conserved from yeast to humans.
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1) is the major regulator of heat shock protein transcription in eukaryotes. In the absence of cellular stress, HSF-1 is inhibited by association with heat shock proteins and is therefore not active. Cellular stresses, such as increased temperature, can cause proteins in the cell to misfold. Heat shock proteins bind to the misfolded proteins and dissociate from HSF-1. This allows HSF1 to form trimers and translocate to the cell nucleus and activate transcription. Its function is not only critical to overcome the proteotoxic effects of thermal stress, but also needed for proper animal development and the overall survival of cancer cells.
Structure
Each HSF monomer contains one C-terminal and three N-termina |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20active%20transformer | Distributed active transformer is a circuit topology that allows low-voltage transistors to be used to generate large amounts of RF (radio frequency) power. Its main use has been in making integrated CMOS power amplifier for wireless applications, such as GSM/GPRS cellular phones.
At the time it was introduced, the distributed active transformer performance improved more than an order of magnitude relative to the previous state of the art.
Output power of up to 2.2 Watt in S-band was demonstrated back in 2002, utilizing Distributed active transformer which combine the power of four differential power amplifiers.
References
External links
Thesis - Distributed Active Transformer for Integrated Power Amplification - Ichiro Aoki (2002) - California Institute of Technology
Aoki, I.; Kee, S.; Magoon, R.; Aparicio, R.; Bohn, F.; Zachan, J.; Hatcher, G.; McClymont, D.; Hajimiri, A.; "A Integrated Quad-Band GSM/GPRS CMOS Power Amplifier"; Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of; Dec. 2008
Aoki, I.; Kee, S.D.; Rutledge, D.B.; Hajimiri, A.; "Fully Integrated CMOS Power Amplifier Design Using the Distributed Active-Transformer Architecture"; Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of; Mar. 2002
Aoki, I.; Kee, S.D.; Rutledge, D.B.; Hajimiri, A.; "Distributed Active Transformer - A New Power-Combining and Impedance-Transformation Technique"; Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions in January 2002
Electronic circuits |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GATA%20transcription%20factor | GATA transcription factors are a family of transcription factors characterized by their ability to bind to the DNA sequence "GATA".
GATA transcription factors have been correlated to their broader influence on stem cell development. Findings however, have pointed to a more direct influence by GATA transcription factors, as they are salient components in the more concentrated regulation of gene expression. Data points to the roles GATA transcription factors play in stages past early development in endocrine organs.
Despite GATA’s influence on endocrine organs and cell development, they have a complex relation to the development and growth of breast cancer. Its immediate influence is not yet known, its high risk for mutation however, makes determining the immediate influence of paramount importance in battling breast cancer.
Some research that has been done on the GATA transcription factor for its role in the development of breast cancer suggest that a specific GATA transcription factor GATA3 can actually inhibit further growth of breast cancer cells. The complete mechanism in which this happens is still not clear. However, research has suggested that the GATA transcription factor creates an unfavorable chemical environment for the breast cancer tumor cells which inhibits the progression of these cells. One way that has been suggested is that the GATA transcription factor lowers the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the cell. This creates an unfavorable chemical envir |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAG1 | Jagged1 (JAG1) is one of five cell surface proteins (ligands) that interact with four receptors in the mammalian Notch signaling pathway. The Notch Signaling Pathway is a highly conserved pathway that functions to establish and regulate cell fate decisions in many organ systems. Once the JAG1-NOTCH (receptor-ligand) interactions take place, a cascade of proteolytic cleavages is triggered resulting in activation of the transcription for downstream target genes. Located on human chromosome 20, the JAG1 gene is expressed in multiple organ systems in the body and causes the autosomal dominant disorder Alagille syndrome (ALGS) resulting from loss of function mutations within the gene. JAG1 has also been designated as CD339 (cluster of differentiation 339).
Structure and function
JAG1 was first identified as a ligand that was able to activate notch receptors when it was cloned in the mammalian rat in 1995. It is located at cytogenetic location 20p12.2 and genomic location (GRCh37) chr20:10,618,331-10,654,693 on the human chromosome 20. The structure of the JAG1 protein includes a small intracellular component, a transmembrane motif, proceeded by an extracellular region containing a cystine-rich region, 16 EGF-like repeats, a DSL domain, and finally a signal peptide totaling 1218 amino acids in length over 26 coding exons.
The JAG1 protein encoded by JAG1 is the human homolog of the Drosophila jagged protein. Human JAG1 is one of five ligands for receptors in the NOTCH signaling |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency%20microelectromechanical%20system | A radio-frequency microelectromechanical system (RF MEMS) is a microelectromechanical system with electronic components comprising moving sub-millimeter-sized parts that provide radio-frequency (RF) functionality. RF functionality can be implemented using a variety of RF technologies. Besides RF MEMS technology, III-V compound semiconductor (GaAs, GaN, InP, InSb), ferrite, ferroelectric, silicon-based semiconductor (RF CMOS, SiC and SiGe), and vacuum tube technology are available to the RF designer. Each of the RF technologies offers a distinct trade-off between cost, frequency, gain, large-scale integration, lifetime, linearity, noise figure, packaging, power handling, power consumption, reliability, ruggedness, size, supply voltage, switching time and weight.
Components
There are various types of RF MEMS components, such as CMOS integrable RF MEMS resonators and self-sustained oscillators with small form factor and low phase noise, RF MEMS tunable inductors, and RF MEMS switches, switched capacitors and varactors.
Switches, switched capacitors and varactors
The components discussed in this article are based on RF MEMS switches, switched capacitors and varactors. These components can be used instead of FET and HEMT switches (FET and HEMT transistors in common gate configuration), and PIN diodes. RF MEMS switches, switched capacitors and varactors are classified by actuation method (electrostatic, electrothermal, magnetostatic, piezoelectric), by axis of deflection (later |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCB11 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B member 11 also known as ABCB11 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the gene.
Function
The product of the ABCB11 gene is an ABC transporter named BSEP (bile salt export pump), or sPgp (sister of P-glycoprotein). This membrane-associated protein is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White).
This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Some members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance. This particular protein is responsible for the transport of taurocholate and other cholate conjugates from hepatocytes (liver cells) to the bile. In humans, the activity of this transporter is the major determinant of bile formation and bile flow.
Clinical significance
ABCB11 is a gene associated with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2). PFIC2 caused by mutations in the ABCB11 gene increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in early life.
Bile salts from the cytoplasm of hepatocytes are transported by the bile salt export pump (BSEP) into bile canaliculi. When bile salt export is deficient due to mutation in the ABCB11 gene, this can lead to interhepatic toxic accumulation of the bile salts. Individuals with such mutations have an increased incidence of hepatocellular carcino |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCB4 | The ATP-binding cassette 4 (ABCB4) gene encodes multidrug resistance protein 3. ABCB4 is associated with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance as well as antigen presentation. This gene encodes a full transporter and member of the p-glycoprotein family of membrane proteins with phosphatidylcholine as its substrate (flippase activity). The function of this protein has not yet been determined; however, it may involve transport of phospholipids from liver hepatocytes into bile. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several products of undetermined function.
Cancer
ABCB4 gene has been observed progressively downregulated in human papillomavirus-positive neoplastic keratinocytes derived from uterine cervical preneoplastic lesions at different levels of malignancy. For this reason, ABCB4 is likely to be associated with tumorigenesis and may be a potential prognostic marker for uterine cervical preneoplastic lesions progression.
Other conditions that have been associated with mu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20E.%20Green | David Ezra Green (August 5, 1910 – July 8, 1983) was an American biochemist who made significant contributions to the study of enzymes, particularly the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Life and career
Green was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Jennie (Marrow) and Hyman Levy Green, a garment manufacturer. His parents were Jewish immigrants from Russia and Germany. He was awarded a degree in biology from New York University. He then moved to England and worked for eight years at the University of Cambridge under the supervision of Malcolm Dixon, on redox reactions in biological systems. He received his PhD under Dixon in 1934 with a thesis entitled The Application of Oxidation-Reduction Potentials to Biological Systems.
At the outbreak of the Second World War, Green moved back to America and established himself in a laboratory at Columbia University. Here he studied the metabolism of amino acids and the citric acid cycle. In 1948, Green moved to the University of Wisconsin–Madison and set up the Institute for Enzyme Research, making vital contributions to studies on oxidative phosphorylation, the electron transport chain and beta oxidation.
He was married to English-born Doris Cribb. He is the father of biochemist Rowena Green Matthews and grandfather of Wisconsin Senator Tammy Baldwin.
References
External links
National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
1910 births
1983 deaths
20th-century American biochemists
American people of German |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipid-transporting%20ATPase%20IC | Probable phospholipid-transporting ATPase IC is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP8B1 gene. This protein is associated with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 as well as benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the P-type cation transport ATPase family and specifically belongs to the subfamily of aminophospholipid-transporting ATPases. This protein is highly expressed in the small intestine, stomach, pancreas, and prostate and is also found in cholangiocytes and the canalicular membranes of hepatocytes in the liver. The aminophospholipid translocases transport phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine from one side of a bilayer to another. Mutations in this gene may result in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 and in benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis. Exactly how mutations result in these diseases is not currently understood.
References
Further reading
External links
EC 7.6.2
Transmembrane proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Lake%2C%20Saskatchewan | Crystal Lake (2016 population: ) is an organized hamlet within the Rural Municipality (RM) of Keys No. 303 in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is also recognized as part of a designated place by Statistics Canada. The organized hamlet (Crystal Lake part A) is on the majority of the shores of Crystal Lake, west of Highway 9 and approximately north of the City of Yorkton. The second part of the designated place (Crystal Lake part B) is on the balance of the shores of Crystal Lake within the adjacent RM of Buchanan No. 304.
Demographics
Organized Hamlet of Crystal Lake (Crystal Lake part A)
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Crystal Lake part A had a population of 115 living in 54 of its 142 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 61. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Crystal Lake part B
Also in the 2021 Census of Population, Crystal Lake part B had a population of 56 living in 24 of its 82 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 31. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
References
External links
Designated places in Saskatchewan
Division No. 9, Saskatchewan
Keys No. 303, Saskatchewan
Organized hamlets in Saskatchewan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butter%20dish | A butter dish is defined as "a usually round or rectangular dish often with a drainer and a cover for holding butter at table". Before refrigerators existed, a covered dish made of crystal, silver, or china housed the butter. The first butter dish was made by Simpson, Hall, Miller, and Co. around 1880 in Connecticut, out of silver. These butter dishes were made to hold the traditional round shape of butter at the time and came with an "ice chamber" to keep the butter cold. Another type of butter dish, a French butter dish, keeps butter fresh by using water to keep the butter away from the air, thereby keeping it fresh. The water is placed into the base of the dish and the butter is put into a bell-shaped lid, creating an air seal.
References
Serving and dining |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minichromosome%20maintenance | The minichromosome maintenance protein complex (MCM) is a DNA helicase essential for genomic DNA replication. Eukaryotic MCM consists of six gene products, Mcm2–7, which form a heterohexamer. As a critical protein for cell division, MCM is also the target of various checkpoint pathways, such as the S-phase entry and S-phase arrest checkpoints. Both the loading and activation of MCM helicase are strictly regulated and are coupled to cell growth cycles. Deregulation of MCM function has been linked to genomic instability and a variety of carcinomas.
History and structure
The minichromosome maintenance proteins were named after a yeast genetics screen for mutants defective in the regulation of DNA replication initiation. The rationale behind this screen was that if replication origins were regulated in a manner analogous to transcription promoters, where transcriptional regulators showed promoter specificity, then replication regulators should also show origin specificity. Since eukaryotic chromosomes contain multiple replication origins and the plasmids contain only one, a slight defect in these regulators would have a dramatic effect on the replication of plasmids but little effect on chromosomes. In this screen, mutants conditional for plasmid loss were identified. In a secondary screen, these conditional mutants were selected for defects in plasmid maintenance against a collection of plasmids each carrying a different origin sequence. Two classes of mcm mutants were id |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Waters%20%28album%29 | Crystal Waters is the third studio album by singer-songwriter Crystal Waters, released on June 24, 1997, by Mercury Records/Polygram. It includes her third pop crossover hit, "Say... If You Feel Alright", produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. "Just a Freak" featuring Dennis Rodman was a club hit, and while not issued as a single, "Spin Me" (with background vocals by Karla Brown) which contains an interpolation of the Dead or Alive Hi-NRG classic, "You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)", is well known for having been featured on several Crystal Waters compilations. The album has sold over 100,000 copies worldwide.
Track listing
"Momma Told Me" (C. Waters, T. Douglas, J. Steinhour, G. Hudgins, A. Blast) – 6:16
"Love I Found" (C. Waters, T. Douglas, J. Steinhour, G. Hudgins, L. Dorsey) – 5:56
"On My Mind" (C. Waters, T. Douglas, Maurice White, Al McKay, Alice Willis) – 5:10
"Uptown" (Prince) – 3:53
"Say... If You Feel Alright" (J. Harris III, T. Lewis, C. Waters, M. White, A. McKay, A. Willis) – 3:56
"Easy" (C. Waters, T. Douglas, J. Steinhour, I. Madden) – 5:36
"Female Intuition" (C. Waters, R. Nowels, B. Steinberg, G. Black) – 4:52
"Let Go My Love" (C. Waters, T. Douglas, J. Steinhour, G. Hudgins) – 5:24
"Just a Freak" (featuring Dennis Rodman, (C. Waters, R. Payton, D. Smith) – 4:12
"Body Music" (C. Waters, D. Austin) – 4:43
"Spin Me" (C. Waters, P. Burns, S. McCoy, M. Percy, T. Lever) – 4:53
"Passion" (C. Waters, T. Douglas, J. Steinhour) – 5:44
"Who Taught You How" (C. Wate |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angioid%20streaks | Angioid streaks, also called Knapp streaks or Knapp striae, are small breaks in Bruch's membrane, an elastic tissue containing membrane of the retina that may become calcified and crack. Up to 50% of angioid streak cases are idiopathic. It may occur secondary to blunt trauma, or it may be associated with many systemic diseases. The condition is usually asymptomatic, but decrease in vision may occur due to choroidal neovascularization.
Clinical features
Angioid streaks are often associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum, but have been found to occur in conjunction with other disorders, including Paget's disease, sickle cell disease and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. These streaks can have a negative impact on vision due to choroidal neovascularization or choroidal rupture. Also, vision can be impaired if the streaks progress to the fovea and damage the retinal pigment epithelium.
Signs
Retinal fundus examination may reveal grey or dark red spoke like lesions around optic disk and radiating outward from peripapillary area. Peau d'orange (orange skin), also known as leopard skin pattern may be seen in association with pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Optic disc drusen may also seen.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is mainly clinical, however fundus fluorescein angiography shows that the streaks appear hyperfluorescent (window defect) in the early phase. Indocyanine green angiography can also be used for diagnosing angioid streaks and their associated ocular pathologies.
Management
Management of an |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20polo%20at%20the%202007%20Pan%20American%20Games | The Water Polo Tournament at the 2007 Pan American Games was won by the United States men's and women's teams.
Men's competition
Group A
Group B
Semifinals
Classification 5-8
Finals
Classification 7-8
Classification 5-6
Bronze medal match
Gold Medal match
Final classification
Women's competition
Preliminary round
Semifinals
Finals
Classification 5-6
Bronze medal match
Gold Medal match
Final classification
P
2007
Events at the 2007 Pan American Games
2007 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numonyx | Numonyx was a semiconductor company making flash memories, which was founded on March 31, 2008, by Intel Corporation, STMicroelectronics and Francisco Partners. It was acquired by Micron Technology on February 9, 2010, for US$1.27 billion.
Numonyx was created from the key assets of businesses that in 2006, generated approximately $3.6 billion in combined annual revenue. The company supplies non-volatile memory for a variety of consumer and industrial devices including cellular phones, MP3 players, digital cameras, computers and other high-tech equipment.
Officers
Numonyx was managed by Brian Harrison, CEO of Numonyx and former vice president and general manager of Intel's Flash Memory Group, Mario Licciardello, COO of Numonyx and former corporate vice president and general manager of STMicroelectronics’ Flash Memories Group. Edward Doller, former CTO of Intel's memory group, was their Chief Technology Officer.
Location
Numonyx was headquartered in Rolle, Switzerland, and had sales, manufacturing and R&D facilities around the world.
References
External links
Main Corporate - former company website (redirects to Micron Technology, Inc.)
Numonyx Acquisition Information - Micron Technology, Inc.
Defunct semiconductor companies
Electronics companies established in 2008
Rolle
Semiconductor companies of Switzerland
2010 mergers and acquisitions
Micron Technology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20B.%20Kornberg | Thomas Bill Kornberg is an American biochemist who was the first person to purify and characterise DNA polymerase II and DNA polymerase III. He is currently a professor of biochemistry and biophysics at the University of California, San Francisco, and is working on Drosophila melanogaster development.
Kornberg's father was Arthur Kornberg (1918–2007), winner of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Medicine, and his older brother is Roger D. Kornberg (born 1947), winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. His mother was biochemist Sylvy Kornberg.
References
Bibliography
External links
Thomas Kornberg and Emanuel Ax: Scientist and Musician- Beethoven’s Cello Sonata No. 3 in A major, 1st movement
1948 births
Living people
American biochemists
Jewish American scientists
University of California, San Francisco faculty
Scientists from St. Louis
Columbia College (New York) alumni
21st-century American Jews |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IM%20Flash%20Technologies | IM Flash Technologies, LLC was the semiconductor company founded in January 2006, by Intel Corporation and Micron Technology, Inc. IM Flash produced 3D XPoint used in data centers and high end computers. It had a 300mm wafer fab in Lehi, Utah, United States.
It built a second 300mm wafer fab, IM Flash Singapore, which opened in April 2011. IM Flash took the leading edge in NAND flash scaling by moving to 34 nm design rules in 2008. IM Flash has been able to devise 25-nm NAND chips with 193-nm immersion lithography, plus self-aligned double-patterning (SADP) techniques, where it is widely believed that it is using scanners from ASML Holdings NV and SADP technology. In 2011 IM Flash moved to a 20 nm process– which was the smallest NAND flash technology at the time.
On July 16, 2018, Micron and Intel announced that they would cease joint development of 3D XPoint after the 2nd generation technology is finalized, which is expected to be completed in the first half of 2019. Technology development beyond the 2nd generation will be pursued independently by the two companies in order to optimize the technology for their respective product and business needs. The two companies will continue to manufacture memory based on 3D XPoint technology at the Intel-Micron Flash Technologies (IMFT) facility in Lehi, Utah.
On October 18, 2018, Micron announced their intention to exercise its right to call the remaining interest in the parties' joint venture, IM Flash Technologies, LLC. Micron is |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path-based%20strong%20component%20algorithm | In graph theory, the strongly connected components of a directed graph may be found using an algorithm that uses depth-first search in combination with two stacks, one to keep track of the vertices in the current component and the second to keep track of the current search path. Versions of this algorithm have been proposed by , , , , and ; of these, Dijkstra's version was the first to achieve linear time.
Description
The algorithm performs a depth-first search of the given graph G, maintaining as it does two stacks S and P (in addition to the normal call stack for a recursive function).
Stack S contains all the vertices that have not yet been assigned to a strongly connected component, in the order in which the depth-first search reaches the vertices.
Stack P contains vertices that have not yet been determined to belong to different strongly connected components from each other. It also uses a counter C of the number of vertices reached so far, which it uses to compute the preorder numbers of the vertices.
When the depth-first search reaches a vertex v, the algorithm performs the following steps:
Set the preorder number of v to C, and increment C.
Push v onto S and also onto P.
For each edge from v to a neighboring vertex w:
If the preorder number of w has not yet been assigned (the edge is a tree edge), recursively search w;
Otherwise, if w has not yet been assigned to a strongly connected component (the edge is a forward/back/cross edge):
Repeatedly pop vertices from P |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliinase | In enzymology, an alliin lyase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
an S-alkyl-L-cysteine S-oxide an alkyl sulfenate + 2-aminoacrylate
Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, S-alkyl-L-cysteine S-oxide, and two products, alkyl sulfenate and 2-aminoacrylate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the class of carbon-sulfur lyases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-alkyl-L-cysteine S-oxide alkyl-sulfenate-lyase (2-aminoacrylate-forming). Other names in common use include alliinase, cysteine sulfoxide lyase, alkylcysteine sulfoxide lyase, S-alkylcysteine sulfoxide lyase, L-cysteine sulfoxide lyase, S-alkyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide lyase, and alliin alkyl-sulfenate-lyase. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.
Many alliinases contain a novel N-terminal epidermal growth factor-like domain (EGF-like domain).
Occurrence
These enzymes are found in plants of the genus Allium, such as garlic and onions. Alliinase is responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions that produce the volatile chemicals that give these foods their flavors, odors, and tear-inducing properties. Alliinases are part of the plant's defense against herbivores. Alliinase is normally sequestered within a plant cell, but, when the plant is damaged by a feeding animal, the alliinase is released to catalyze the production of the pungent chemicals. This tends to have a deterrent effect on the animal. The same reaction occurs when onion or garlic is cut with a knife |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arphy | Arphy (; ) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.
Geography
Climate
Arphy has a oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) closely bordering on a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb). The average annual temperature in Arphy is . The average annual rainfall is with October as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Arphy was on 28 June 2019; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 12 February 2012.
Population
See also
Communes of the Gard department
References
Communes of Gard |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Review%20of%20Cell%20and%20Molecular%20Biology | The International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology is a scientific book series that publishes articles on plant and animal cell biology. Until 2008 it was known as the International Review of Cytology.
References
Molecular and cellular biology journals
English-language journals
Elsevier academic journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptopelis%20crystallinoron | Leptopelis crystallinoron is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae. It is endemic to Gabon and only known from the area its type locality near the Barrage de Tchimbélé in the central Monts de Cristal (Crystal Mountains). Only one specimen was known until five specimens were captured in the Crystal Mountains National Park in 2009. It is probable that this species is endemic to the Monts de Cristal and that its range extends into Equatorial Guinea.
Description
The only known specimen (holotype) is an adult female measuring in snout–vent length. The body is robust. The snout is truncate in dorsal view and rounded laterally. No tympanum is present. Skin is granular throughout. All fingers and toes bear discs, have lateral fringes, and are webbed (toes have more webbing than fingers). Colouration is brilliantly green dorsally and creamy white ventrally. There are few diffused tan–dark brown markings on the back, outer extremities, and around the cloacal region. The outer parts of the limbs are whitish. The flanks have white spots in the lower parts. The iris is bronze and has a black ring around it.
Habitat and conservation
The holotype was collected in an altered but good standing forest at above sea level, away from open water sources. The specimen was active during the night at above the ground.
The type locality falls within the Crystal Mountains National Park. There are no known threats to this species. Two of the five specimens captured in 2009 tested positive |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anscombe%20transform | In statistics, the Anscombe transform, named after Francis Anscombe, is a variance-stabilizing transformation that transforms a random variable with a Poisson distribution into one with an approximately standard Gaussian distribution. The Anscombe transform is widely used in photon-limited imaging (astronomy, X-ray) where images naturally follow the Poisson law. The Anscombe transform is usually used to pre-process the data in order to make the standard deviation approximately constant. Then denoising algorithms designed for the framework of additive white Gaussian noise are used; the final estimate is then obtained by applying an inverse Anscombe transformation to the denoised data.
Definition
For the Poisson distribution the mean and variance are not independent: . The Anscombe transform
aims at transforming the data so that the variance is set approximately 1 for large enough mean; for mean zero, the variance is still zero.
It transforms Poissonian data (with mean ) to approximately Gaussian data of mean
and standard deviation .
This approximation gets more accurate for larger , as can be also seen in the figure.
For a transformed variable of the form , the expression for the variance has an additional term ; it is reduced to zero at , which is exactly the reason why this value was picked.
Inversion
When the Anscombe transform is used in denoising (i.e. when the goal is to obtain from an estimate of ), its inverse transform is also needed
in order to return |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-cadherin | T-cadherin, also known as cadherin 13, H-cadherin (heart), and CDH13, is a unique member of the cadherin superfamily of proteins because it lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains common to all other cadherins and is instead anchored to the cell's plasma membrane by the GPI anchor.
Unlike classical cadherins, which are necessary for cell–cell adhesion, dynamic regulation of morphogenetic processes in embryos, and tissue integrity in adult organisms, and function as membrane receptors mediating signals received from the extracellular space, activate small GTPases and the beta-catenin/Wnt pathway, and play important roles in dynamic cytoskeleton reorganization, the GPI-anchored T-cadherin lacks direct contact with the cytoskeleton and therefore is not involved in cell–cell adhesion. It is instead involved in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) hormone-like effects on Ca2+ mobilization and increased cell migration as well as phenotypic changes. The exact signaling partners and adaptor proteins recognized by T-cadherin remain to be elucidated.
Mediation of intracellular signaling in vascular cells
Though T-cadherin can mediate weak adhesion in aggregation assays in vitro, the lack of intracellular domain suggests that T-cadherin is not involved in stable cell-cell adhesion. In vivo T-cadherin was detected on the apical cell surface of the chick intestinal epithelium. In cultures of transfected MDCS cells, T-cadherin was also expressed apically, whereas N-cadherin located baso |
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