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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokaryotic%20small%20ribosomal%20subunit | The prokaryotic small ribosomal subunit, or 30S subunit, is the smaller subunit of the 70S ribosome found in prokaryotes. It is a complex of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and 19 proteins. This complex is implicated in the binding of transfer RNA to messenger RNA (mRNA). The small subunit is responsible for the binding and the reading of the mRNA during translation. The small subunit, both the rRNA and its proteins, complexes with the large 50S subunit to form the 70S prokaryotic ribosome in prokaryotic cells. This 70S ribosome is then used to translate mRNA into proteins.
Function
The 30S subunit is an integral part of mRNA translation. It binds three prokaryotic initiation factors: IF-1, IF-2, and IF-3.
A portion of the 30S subunit (the 16S rRNA) guides the initiating start codon (5′)-AUG-(3′) of mRNA into position by recognizing the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, a complementary binding site about 8 base pairs upstream from the start codon. This ensures the ribosome starts translation at the correct location. The tightness of the bonding between the Shine-Dalgarno sequence on the mRNA and the 16S rRNA determines how efficiently translation proceeds. Once the 16S rRNA recognizes the mRNA start codon, a special transfer RNA, f-Met-tRNA, binds and protein translation begins. The binding site of the f-Met-tRNA on the 30S ribosomal subunit is called the "D-site" This step is required in order for protein synthesis to occur. Then the large ribosomal subunit will bind and protein syn |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panicum%20mosaic%20virus | Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA viral pathogen that infects plant species in the panicoid tribe of the grass family, Poaceae. The pathogen was first identified in Kansas in 1953 and most commonly causes disease on select cultivars of turf grass, switchgrass, and millet. The disease most commonly associated with the panicum mosaic virus pathogen is St. Augustine Decline Syndrome, which infects species of turf grass and causes chlorotic mottling. In addition to St. Augustine Decline, panicum mosaic virus is responsible for chlorotic streaking and mild green mosaicking in select cultivars of switchgrass and millet.
History
PMV was first observed in Kansas in 1953. It was originally noted to infect switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and was observed infecting St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) in Texas in 1966. The strain specific to St. Augustine grass has since been observed in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and South Carolina in the United States, as well as in Mexico. Other strains have been identified infecting centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides). Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), white proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) have also been used to propagate PMV and panicum mosaic satellite virus (SPMV), and mechanical transmission can occur to maize and some cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum).
Classification
Panicum mosaic virus is assigned to the genus Panicovirus, a member of the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphenicol | Amphenicols are a class of antibiotics with a phenylpropanoid structure. They function by blocking the enzyme peptidyl transferase on the 50S ribosome subunit of bacteria.
Examples of amphenicols include chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, azidamfenicol, and florfenicol. The first-in-class compound was chloramphenicol, introduced in 1949. Chloramphenicol was initially discovered as a natural product and isolated from the soil bacteria Steptomyces venezuelae; however, all amphenicols are now made by chemical synthesis.
References |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanut%20stunt%20virus | Peanut stunt virus (PSV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the family Bromoviridae. It is a member of the genus Cucumovirus. The members of this genus are positive-stranded RNA viruses with a multipartite genome (3-4 parts). The virus particles have an isometric or spherical shape.
Distribution and host range
PSV was first named as a new disease of groundnuts or peanuts ( Arachis hypogaea ) in 1966. Disease symptoms on the above ground parts of the peanut plants were described as severe dwarfing or stunting – hence the name Peanut stunt virus. Fruit production was also severely reduced. Virginia peanut fields, where this disease was first observed in 1964, had yield reductions of 10-50%.
Severe stunting of peanuts had also been observed in North Carolina in 1964. The peanut disease in N. Carolina was reported to be caused by the PSV in 1967. The later report also stated that this virus caused disease in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and in white clover (Trifolium repens).
After its first description, PSV was quickly diagnosed in beans in Washington State, white clover in South Carolina, peanuts, beans and white clover in Georgia, peanuts in Alabama, and white clover in Florida. Strains of PSV have now been identified in Africa (Morocco), Europe (France, Poland, Russia, and Spain) and Asia (India, Japan, Korea and China ) as well as in the United States.
PSV is an economically important pathogen of plants in the family Leguminosae. In addition to beans, peanuts, and clover (7 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato%20mop-top%20virus | Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) is a plant pathogenic virus transmitted through the vector Spongospora subterranea that affects potatoes. PMTV belongs to family of Virgaviridae, and the genus Pomovirus (Potato mop-top virus). The virus was first identified in 1966 by Calvert and Harrison in Britain, and is now reported in many other potato cultivating regions of the world including U.S.A., Canada, China, Pakistan, Japan, South American countries and many parts of Europe. Many disease management systems have been found to be ineffective against the virus, although a combination of sanitation and vector controls seems to work well.
Hosts and symptoms
As the name implies, the main host is potato; however, this virus also affects some common vegetable plants and weeds. Some of them include tomato, black nightshade, lambsquarters and ground cherry. The potato mop top virus' primary hosts are plants in the Solanaceae and Chenopodiaceae. Potatoes that are infected by PMTV generally show hollow necrotic spots on the inside. This virus shows different symptoms in Europe; for example, the infected plants usually show dark brown necrotic arcs that discolor the tuber's flesh (these symptoms are very similar to those caused by alfalfa mosaic virus). Plants showing no symptoms of PMTV tend to produce larger quantities of infected tubers if they are derived from plants that have shown foliar symptoms in the previous year.
Disease cycle
The spores that PMTV is vectored in can live in the so |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociological%20classifications%20of%20religious%20movements | Various sociological classifications of religious movements have been proposed by scholars. In the sociology of religion, the most widely used classification is the church-sect typology. The typology is differently construed by different sociologists, and various distinctive features have been proposed to characterise churches and sects. On most accounts, the following features are deemed relevant:
The church is a compulsory organisations into which people are born, while the sect is a voluntary organisation to which people usually convert.
The church is an inclusive organisations to which all kinds of people may belong, while the sect is an exclusive organisation of religiously qualified people.
The church is an established organisation that is well integrated into the larger society and usually inclined to seek for an alliance with the political power, while the sect is a splinter group from a larger religion: it is often in tension with current societal values, rejects any compromise with the secular order and tends to be composed of underprivileged people.
The church exhibits complex hierarchical bureaucratic structures, while the sect is a smaller, democratic and relatively informal organisation.
The ministers of a church are formally trained, educated and ordained, while the sect rejects sharp distinctions between clergy and laity, and is often ruled by charismatic leaders.
In theology and liturgy the church is inclined to dogmatism, traditionalism and ritualism, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talbot%20cavity | A Talbot cavity is an external cavity used for the coherent beam combination of output from laser sets.
It has been used experimentally for semiconductor laser diodes, carbon dioxide lasers, fiber lasers and solid-state disk lasers arranged in an array. In the simplest version, it is constructed with a single mirror at half the Talbot distance from the output facet of the laser array:
where is the period of the laser lattice and is the wavelength of laser emission. The constructive interference images the near field of the array back onto the array itself at the Talbot distance, creating optical feedback. This interference feedback forces the lasers in the array to transverse mode lock. The Fresnel number of the element laser array phase-locked by Talbot cavity is given by:
Talbot beam combination is highly sensitive to transverse phase distortions even at scale.
Theory developed for Talbot cavities facilitated the development of thin disk diode-pumped solid-state laser arrays.
References
In-phase coherent coupling of tapered lasers in an external Talbot cavity
Semiconductor laser array in an external Talbot cavity
Laser science |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von%20Neumann%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, von Neumann's theorem is a result in the operator theory of linear operators on Hilbert spaces.
Statement of the theorem
Let and be Hilbert spaces, and let be an unbounded operator from into Suppose that is a closed operator and that is densely defined, that is, is dense in Let denote the adjoint of Then is also densely defined, and it is self-adjoint. That is,
and the operators on the right- and left-hand sides have the same dense domain in
References
Operator theory
Theorems in functional analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallum | Wallum, or wallum country, is an Australian ecosystem of coastal south-east Queensland, extending into north-eastern New South Wales. It is characterised by flora-rich shrubland and heathland on deep, nutrient-poor, acidic, sandy soils, and regular wildfire. Seasonal changes in the water table due to rainfall may create swamps. The name is derived from the Kabi word for the wallum banksia (Banksia aemula).
Threats
Wallum, as with other coastal ecosystems, is highly threatened by the pressure for coastal development. Threats include clearing of land for residential development and pine plantations, alterations to drainage from adjacent developments, nutrients from fertilizers, changes in fire frequency, pollution from mosquito control sprays, and the introduction of weeds.
Species endemic to wallum include some acid frogs – frogs adapted to living and breeding in acidic waters – such as the wallum froglet (Crinia tinnula), wallum rocket frog (Litoria freycineti), and the wallum sedge frog (Litoria olongburensis). In Queensland, the eastern ground parrot appears to be largely restricted to the wallum.
References
Coastal lowlands vegetation factsheet PDF downloaded 23 July 2007
Wallum Worries - Gardening Australia factsheet PDF downloaded 23 July 2007
External links
Coloola Coastcare – What’s Wallum?
Wallum Heathland ecology
Eastern Australian temperate forests
Habitats |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil%20Ruffin | Phillip Gene Ruffin (born March 14, 1935) is an American businessman. He owns the Treasure Island Hotel and Casino and Circus Circus Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas, in addition to a number of other enterprises including hotels, casinos, greyhound racing tracks, oil production, convenience stores, real estate, and the world's largest manufacturer of hand trucks. He is also a business partner of former United States President Donald Trump, with whom he co-owns the Trump International Hotel Las Vegas. On the Forbes 2019 list of the world's billionaires, he was ranked No. 838 with a net worth of US $3.1 billion.
Early life and education
Ruffin was born in Potter County near Amarillo, Texas, the son of Blanche (née Cohlmia) and Roy J. Ruffin. He is of Lebanese descent (his family's surname was originally "Rufan"). He was raised in Wichita, Kansas where his father had a grocery store. He has four siblings: Elaine Ruffin Nemer, Roy Ruffin Jr., Pat Ruffin, and Pam Ruffin. In 1953, he graduated from Wichita North High School where he was a wrestling champion. "After he won the state championship," states one profile, "his father, who never attended a match, asked him if he was the one they were talking about in the newspaper." He attended Washburn University in Topeka for three years and Wichita State University but never got his degree.
Career
In 1972, Ruffin pioneered self-serve gasoline in Kansas, creating a chain of 60 convenience stores in the Midwest. In 1987, he then used cash |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIPTA | The Society for Imprecise Probability: Theories and Applications (SIPTA) was created in February 2002, with the aim of promoting the research on Imprecise probability. This is done through a series of activities for bringing together researchers from different groups, creating resources for information dissemination and documentation, and making other people aware of the potential of Imprecise Probability models.
Background
The Society was originally created to manage the series of International Symposia on Imprecise
Probabilities and Their Applications (ISIPTA). The first ISIPTA happened in 1999 in Ghent, Belgium;
due to the success of the event, a second edition took place in Cornell, United States, in 2001.
The Society was then created in Switzerland,
during the year of 2002. The first general meeting of the Society happened during the third ISIPTA,
in Lugano, Switzerland.
The Society is now concerned with many activities around the theme of imprecise probabilities.
Imprecise probability is understood in a very wide sense. It is used as a generic term to cover all mathematical models which measure chance or uncertainty without sharp numerical probabilities. It includes both qualitative (comparative probability, partial preference orderings,...) and quantitative models (interval probabilities, belief functions, upper and lower previsions,...). Imprecise probability models are needed in inference problems where the relevant information is scarce, vague or conflicting, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlospermum | Cochlospermum is a genus of trees in the Bixaceae family; some classifications place this genus in the family Cochlospermaceae. It is native to tropical regions of the world, particularly Latin America, Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, and Australia.
Some species of Cochlospermum (C. tinctorium) have been used as a yellow dyestuff on leather products and fabrics.
Species
Species include:
Cochlospermum angolense Welw. ex Oliv. - Angola, Zaïre
Cochlospermum fraseri Planch. - Western Australia, Northern Territory
Cochlospermum gillivraei Benth. - Northern Territory, Queensland, Papua New Guinea
Cochlospermum intermedium Mildbr - Central African Republic
Cochlospermum noldei Poppend. - Angola
Cochlospermum orinocense (Kunth) Steud. - Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Brazil, Peru
Cochlospermum planchonii Hook.f. ex Planch. - tropical Africa from Sierra Leone to Sudan
Cochlospermum regium (Schrank) Pilg. - Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay
Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston - India, Sri Lanka, Western Himalayas, Myanmar; naturalized in Cambodia, Java, Bali, Peninsular Malaysia
Cochlospermum tetraporum Hallier - Bolivia, Paraguay, northwestern Argentina
Cochlospermum tinctorium Perrier ex A.Rich. - tropical Africa from Sierra Leone to Uganda
Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.) Spreng. - Mexico, Cuba, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Peru, Ecuador, Brazil; naturalized in Trinidad, Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Bahamas
Cochlospermum wittei Robyns - Zaïre |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Tetro | Anthony Gene Tetro (born 1950), known as Tony Tetro, is an art forger known for his perfectionism in copies of artwork produced in the 1970s and 1980s. Tetro never received formal art lessons, but learned from books, by painting and experimentation. Over three decades, Tetro forged works by Rembrandt, Joan Miró, Marc Chagall, Salvador Dalí and Norman Rockwell and others. Tetro's paintings and lithographs, known for their perfectionism, were sold by art dealers and auction houses as legitimate works and hang in museums, galleries around the world. He was caught after Hiro Yamagata found a forgery of his own work for sale in a gallery.
In 1991, Gary Helton, an investigator for a California district attorney, described Tetro as "one of the two major [art] forgers in the United States."
Early years
Tetro was born in Fulton, Oswego County, New York, one of four children to Beatrice and James Tetro, a house painter. As a young girl, Tetro's mother once watched Amelia Earhart land her plane in their family's pasture. His father developed a special process for coating water towers.
Tetro was an altar boy. His first trouble from his art came while at parochial school in Fulton, where he drew a picture of one of the nuns as a Vargas girl, but with a "pruney face" and wearing a habit. The nun hit him and took him to the priest.
Tetro married his high school girlfriend at age 16; she was pregnant and he became a father at age 17. In 1969, he moved to southern California and gained a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-level%20cell | In electronics, a multi-level cell (MLC) is a memory cell capable of storing more than a single bit of information, compared to a single-level cell (SLC), which can store only one bit per memory cell. A memory cell typically consists of a single floating-gate MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor), thus multi-level cells reduce the number of MOSFETs required to store the same amount of data as single-level cells.
Triple-level cells (TLC) and quad-level cells (QLC) are versions of MLC memory, which can store three and four bits per cell respectively. The name "multi-level cell" is sometimes used specifically to refer to the "two-level cell". Overall, the memories are named as follows:
Single-level cell or SLC (1 bit per cell)
Multi-level cell or MLC (2 bits per cell), alternatively double-level cell or DLC
Triple-level cell or TLC (3 bits per cell) or 3-Bit MLC
Quad-level cell or QLC (4 bits per cell)
Penta-level cell or PLC (5 bits per cell) – currently in development
Notice that this nomenclature can be misleading, since an "n-level cell" in fact uses 2n levels of charge to store n bits (see below).
Typically, as the "level" count increases, performance (speed and reliability) and consumer cost decrease; however, this correlation can vary between manufacturers.
Examples of MLC memories are MLC NAND flash, MLC PCM (phase-change memory), etc. For example, in SLC NAND flash technology, each cell can exist in one of the two states, storing one bit of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Hannover%2096%20records%20and%20statistics | This is a list of records set by the football team Hannover 96.
Team records
Biggest home win: 13–1 v Rasen SV Hildesheim 06 (1933–34 Gauliga Niedersachsen)
Biggest home win (Bundesliga): 6–0 v Borussia Neunkirchen (18 September 1965)
Biggest home win (DFB Cup): 8–1 v Borussia Hannover (29 August 1980)
Biggest away win: 7–2 v VfB Oldenburg (2. Bundesliga; 30 May 1981)
Biggest away win (Bundesliga):
5–1 v SC Tasmania 1900 Berlin (2 October 1965)
5–1 v Kickers Offenbach (27 February 1971)
Biggest away win (DFB Cup): 7-0 v Marathon 1902 Berlin (1 August 1991)
Biggest home defeat: 0–10 v FC St. Pauli (1947–48 Oberliga Nord)
Biggest home defeat (Bundesliga):
0–5 v FC Bayern Munich (1 February 1986)
0–5 v KFC Uerdingen 05 (12 November 1988)
0–5 v VfL Wolfsburg (16 May 2009)
Biggest home defeat (DFB Cup): 0–4 v SV Darmstadt 98 (27 August 1982)
Biggest away defeat (Bundesliga):
0–7 v VfB Stuttgart (8 February 1986)
0–7 v FC Bayern Munich (18 April 2010)
Biggest away defeat (DFB Cup): 1–5 v SV Waldhof Mannheim (12 November 1985)
Most league goals (season): 120 (1997–98 Regionalliga Nord)
Most points:
Two points for a win: 56 (1980–81 2. Bundesliga, 1986–87 2. Bundesliga)
Three points for a win: 89 (1997–98 Regionalliga Nord)
Appearances
Most league appearances: Jörg Sievers - 384 (1989–2003)
Most appearances (all games): Peter Anders - 458 (1966–1981)
Most Bundesliga appearances: Steven Cherundolo - 300 (1999–2014)
Most international appearances while at c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schier | Schier or Šír is a European-origin surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alexander F. Schier (born 1964), Swiss cell biologist
František Šír (1914-?), Czech rower
Jaroslav Šír (born 1923), Czech skier
Ruth Eisemann-Schier (born 1942), Honduran criminal
Steven E. Schier (born 1952), political scientist
Val Schier (born 1950), Australian mayor
Vladislav Schier or Vladislav Šír (1830–1889), Czech physician and naturalist
Places
Schiermonnikoog |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clang | Clang () is a compiler front end for the C, C++, Objective-C, and Objective-C++ programming languages, as well as the OpenMP, OpenCL, RenderScript, CUDA, SYCL, and HIP frameworks. It acts as a drop-in replacement for the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), supporting most of its compilation flags and unofficial language extensions. It includes a static analyzer, and several code analysis tools.
Clang operates in tandem with the LLVM compiler back end and has been a subproject of LLVM 2.6 and later. As with LLVM, it is free and open-source software under the Apache License 2.0 software license. Its contributors include Apple, Microsoft, Google, ARM, Sony, Intel, and AMD.
Clang 17, the latest major version of Clang as of October 2023, has full support for all published C++ standards up to C++17, implements most features of C++20, and has initial support for the upcoming C++23 standard. Since v16.0.0, Clang compiles C++ using the GNU++17 dialect by default, which includes features from the C++17 standard and conforming GNU extensions.
Background
Starting in 2005, Apple Inc. began extensive use of LLVM in several commercial products, including the iOS SDK and Xcode 3.1. One of the first uses of LLVM was an OpenGL code compiler for OS X that converts OpenGL calls into more fundamental calls for graphics processing units (GPU) that do not support certain features. This allowed Apple to support OpenGL on computers using Intel GMA chipsets, increasing performance on those machines.
T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZ2 | LZ2 may refer to the following:
Zeppelin LZ2, an early model of a type of rigid airship
LZ2 (algorithm), a lossless data compression algorithm
Led Zeppelin II, the second album by the band Led Zeppelin
LZ2 (Lanzarote), a road in the Canary Islands
Landing Zone 2, SpaceX landing pad on the Space Coast, Florida, USA
Panasonic Lumix DMC-LZ2, a digital camera |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurexin | Neurexins (NRXN) are a family of presynaptic cell adhesion proteins that have roles in connecting neurons at the synapse. They are located mostly on the presynaptic membrane and contain a single transmembrane domain. The extracellular domain interacts with proteins in the synaptic cleft, most notably neuroligin, while the intracellular cytoplasmic portion interacts with proteins associated with exocytosis. Neurexin and neuroligin "shake hands," resulting in the connection between the two neurons and the production of a synapse. Neurexins mediate signaling across the synapse, and influence the properties of neural networks by synapse specificity. Neurexins were discovered as receptors for α-latrotoxin, a vertebrate-specific toxin in black widow spider venom that binds to presynaptic receptors and induces massive neurotransmitter release. In humans, alterations in genes encoding neurexins are implicated in autism and other cognitive diseases, such as Tourette syndrome and schizophrenia.
Structure
In mammals, neurexin is encoded by three different genes (NRXN1, NRXN2, and NRXN3) each controlled by two different promoters, an upstream alpha (α) and a downstream beta (β), resulting in alpha-neurexins 1-3 (α-neurexins 1–3) and beta-neurexins 1-3 (β-neurexins 1–3). In addition, there are alternative splicing at 5 sites in α-neurexin and 2 in β-neurexin; more than 2000 splice variants are possible, suggesting its role in determining synapse specificity.
The encoded proteins are |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexin | Complexin (also known as synaphin) refers to a one of a small set of eukaryotic cytoplasmic neuronal proteins which binds to the SNARE protein complex (SNAREpin) with a high affinity. These are called synaphin 1 and 2. In the presence of Ca2+, the transport vesicle protein synaptotagmin displaces complexin, allowing the SNARE protein complex to bind the transport vesicle to the presynaptic membrane.
Complexin acts as both an inhibitor and a facilitator of synaptic vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release. In one conformation, it clamps SNAREpin complexes, preventing vesicle fusion, while in a different conformation it releases the SNAREpins, allowing synaptotagmin to trigger fusion.
Whereas complexin is not necessary for synaptic vesicle exocytosis, it does increase neurotransmitter release by 60–70% as demonstrated by complexin gene knockout in mice. A number of human neurological diseases have been linked to a deficiency of complexin.
Synaphin can promote exocytosis by promoting interaction between the complementary syntaxin and synaptobrevin transmembrane regions that reside in opposing membranes prior to fusion.
Structure and Binding
Complexin is a small highly charged cytosolic protein that is hydrophilic, rich in glutamic acid and lysine residues. Complexin's central region (amino acids 48–70) binds to the SNARE core as an anti-parallel α-helix, which attaches complexin to the SNARE complex. It interacts selectively with the ternary SNARE complex but not with mo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Say%20Hello%2C%20Wave%20Goodbye | "Say Hello, Wave Goodbye" is a song from the album Non-Stop Erotic Cabaret by English synth-pop duo Soft Cell that was released as a single in January 1982 and reached number three on the UK Singles Chart.
In 1991, the track was remixed by Julian Mendelsohn and released as "Say Hello, Wave Goodbye '91" to promote the compilation album Memorabilia – The Singles, making no. 38 on the UK Singles Chart. Soft Cell vocalist Marc Almond re-recorded his vocals for the new version. It was ranked number 65 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 100 Best Songs of 1982 and ranked 12 on Classic Pop magazine's list of the 40 best synth-pop songs.
Music video
A promo video was made that features the British actress Eileen Daly.
Track listing
1982 7" single
"Say Hello, Wave Goodbye" - 5:24
"Say Hello, Wave Goodbye" (Instrumental) - 5:12
1982 12" single
"Say Hello, Wave Goodbye" (Extended Version) - 9:08
"Fun City" (Marc and the Mambas recording) - 7:45
1991 7" single
"Say Hello, Wave Goodbye '91" - 5:03
"Memorabilia '91" - 3:56
1991 12" single
"Say Hello, Wave Goodbye '91" (The Long Goodbye - Extended Mendelsohn Remix) - 8:19
"Memorabilia '91" (Extended Grid Remix) - 6:51
1991 CD1
"Say Hello, Wave Goodbye '91" - 5:03
"Say Hello, Wave Goodbye '91" (The Long Goodbye - Extended Mendelsohn Remix) - 8:19
"Memorabilia '91" (Extended Grid Remix) - 6:51
1991 CD2
"Say Hello, Wave Goodbye '91" - 5:03
"Numbers" (Original Version) - 4:57
"Torch" (Original Extended Version) - 8:27
2002 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachykinin%20receptor%201 | The tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1) also known as neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) or substance P receptor (SPR) is a G protein coupled receptor found in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The endogenous ligand for this receptor is Substance P, although it has some affinity for other tachykinins. The protein is the product of the TACR1 gene.
Properties
Tachykinins are a family of neuropeptides that share the same hydrophobic C-terminal region with the amino acid sequence Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X represents a hydrophobic residue that is either an aromatic or a beta-branched aliphatic. The N-terminal region varies between different tachykinins. The term tachykinin originates in the rapid onset of action caused by the peptides in smooth muscles. Substance P (SP) is the most researched and potent member of the tachykinin family. It is an undecapeptide with the amino acid sequence Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2. SP binds to all three of the tachykinin receptors, but it binds most strongly to the NK1 receptor.
Tachykinin NK1 receptor consists of 407 amino acid residues, and it has a molecular weight of 58,000. NK1 receptor, as well as the other tachykinin receptors, is made of seven hydrophobic transmembrane (TM) domains with three extracellular and three intracellular loops, an amino-terminus and a cytoplasmic carboxy-terminus. The loops have functional sites, including two cysteines amino acids for a disulfide bridge, Asp-Arg-Tyr, whic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium%20oxalate | Cerium(III) oxalate (cerous oxalate) is the inorganic cerium salt of oxalic acid. It is a white crystalline solid with the chemical formula of Ce2(C2O4)3. It could be obtained by the reaction of oxalic acid with cerium(III) chloride.
Uses
Cerium(III) oxalate is used as an antiemetic. It has been identified as part of the invisible ink that was used by Stasi operatives during the Cold War.
Toxicity
Cerium(III) oxalate irritates skin and mucous membranes, and is a strong irritant to eyes. If it gets into the eyes, there is a danger of severe eye injury.
Cerium salts increase the blood coagulation rate, and exposure to cerium salts can cause sensitivity to heat.
Oxalates are corrosive to tissue and are powerful irritants. They have a caustic effect on the linings of the digestive tracts and can cause kidney damage.
References
Cerium(III) compounds
Oxalates
Antiemetics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calfskin | Calfskin or calf leather is a leather or membrane produced from the hide of a calf, or juvenile domestic cattle. Calfskin is particularly valuable because of its softness and fine grain, as well as durability. It is commonly used for high-quality clothing, shoes, wallets, and similar products, as well as traditional leather bookbindings. In these contexts, just "calf" is commonly used. Fine calfskin is one of the skins used for vellum and parchment manuscripts.
In Spanish, the word is Ternera/Novillo, referring to leather from animals less than three years old. Chickenskin, despite its name, is a form of calfskin made using the skin of unborn calves.
In fashion, soft finished calfskin is sometimes described as veau velours (French for "velvet calf").
See also
Goldbeater's skin, made from the intestine of a calf
Sheepskin (material)
References
Leathermaking
Hides (skin)
Leather
Cattle products |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catechol-O-methyltransferase%20inhibitor | A catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor is a drug that inhibits the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase. This enzyme methylates catecholamines such as dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. It also methylates levodopa. COMT inhibitors are indicated for the treatment of Parkinson's disease in combination with levodopa and an aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor (e.g. carbidopa or benserazide). The therapeutic benefit of using a COMT inhibitor is based on its ability to prevent the methylation of levodopa to 3-O-methyldopa, thus increasing the bioavailability of levodopa. COMT inhibitors significantly decrease off time in people with Parkinson's disease also taking carbidopa/levodopa.
List of COMT inhibitors
entacapone (Comtan, Comtess, Stalevo)
nebicapone
nitecapone
opicapone (Ongentys)
tolcapone (Tasmar)
Entacapone and opicapone are peripheral inhibitors, unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. Tolcapone is able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Tolcapone has been associated with at least three fatal cases of acute liver failure and is thus only rarely prescribed. Patients taking tolcapone must be monitored for hepatic failure. Entacapone and opicapone have not been associated with hepatotoxicity.
Adverse effects
nausea
orthostatic hypotension
vivid dreams
confusion
hallucinations
hepatotoxicity (only tolcapone)
diarrhea
drowsiness
urine discoloration
dyskinesia
See also
Medication Management of Parkinson's disease
catechol-O-methy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulophone | A hydraulophone is a tonal acoustic musical instrument played by direct physical contact with water (sometimes other fluids) where sound is generated or affected hydraulically. The hydraulophone was described and named by Steve Mann in 2005, and patented in 2011. Typically, sound is produced by the same hydraulic fluid in contact with the player's fingers. It has been used as a sensory exploration device for low-vision individuals.
Types and basic operation
The term may be applied based on the interface used to play the instrument, in which a player blocks the flow of water through a particular hole in order to sound a particular note, or based on a hydraulic sound production mechanism. Hydraulophones use water-flow sound-producing mechanisms. They have a user interface, which is blocking water jets to produce sound. Those described in Mann's paper Hydraulophone design considerations use water jets striking perforated spinning disks, shafts, or valves, to create a pulsating water flow, similar to a siren disk. A single disk, shaft, or valve assembly can have rings or passages with different numbers of holes for different notes. Some hydraulophones have reeds (one or more reeds for each finger hole) and some are reedless, having one or more fipple mechanisms associated with each finger hole, thus having no moving parts to wear out.
Blocking flow through a finger hole directs the water instead to one or more of the above-described sound-production mechanisms, or resulting |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein-bound%20paclitaxel | Protein-bound paclitaxel, also known as nanoparticle albumin–bound paclitaxel or nab-paclitaxel, is an injectable formulation of paclitaxel used to treat breast cancer, lung cancer and pancreatic cancer, among others. Paclitaxel kills cancer cells by preventing the normal breakdown of microtubules during cell division. In this formulation, paclitaxel is bonded to albumin as a delivery vehicle. It is manufactured and sold in the United States by Celgene under the trade name Abraxane where it is designated as an orphan drug as first-line treatment, in combination with gemcitabine, for the orphan disease "metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas".
This treatment was approved in the United States in 2005, and the European Union in 2008, for breast cancer cases where cancer did not respond to other chemotherapy or has relapsed. In 2012, the FDA widened the approved uses to include treatment for NSCLC. In 2013, the FDA approved protein-bound paclitaxel for use in treating advanced pancreatic cancer as a less toxic (although less effective) alternative to FOLFIRINOX.
Society and culture
Abraxane is registered on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods for the treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the breast after failure of anthracycline therapy. Abraxane is also included on the Schedule of the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme although the manufacturer was unable to convince the independent Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee that the drug warranted a higher |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Best%20of%20Crystal%20Waters | The Best of Crystal Waters is the first official compilation of Crystal Waters's music output. It was released on August 11, 1998, on Universal/Polygram. It includes most of the singles taken from her three full-length studio releases; Surprise (1991), Storyteller (1994) and Crystal Waters (1997). Also included are the non-LP tracks "The Boy from Ipanema" (an international single taken from the various artists Red Hot + Rio compilation) and "In De Ghetto" (a 1996 re-release of a 1994 Bad Yard Club single featuring then-new additional vocal contributions by Crystal Waters).
Controversially, The Best of Crystal Waters release features all but one of the singles in original LP version form instead of the often dramatically different single remixes. Minor hits "Surprise" and "Relax" suffer most from this oversight, but this also affects all three of her Billboard Hot 100 Top 40 hit singles ("Gypsy Woman", "100% Pure Love" and "Say...If You Feel Alright") which were radio and video hits with alternate edited and subtly remixed versions not included on this compilation.
In Brazil this compilation includes "Love I Found" and "Twisted", and "Gypsy Woman" ('98 Remix) is not a hidden track.
The album has sold over 100,000 copies worldwide.
Track listing
International edition
"Gypsy Woman" (Radio Mix) – 3:48
"100% Pure Love" (Storyteller LP version) – 4:38
"Say... If You Feel Alright" (Crystal Waters LP version) – 3:55
"In de Ghetto" (1996 Radio Mix) – 3:26
"Makin' Happy" (Hurley' |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyloid%20%28disambiguation%29 | An amyloid is any of certain insoluble fibrous protein aggregates.
Amyloid may also refer to:
Amyloid (mycology), a chemical reaction used in characterization of fungi
Amyloid (journal), the Amyloid: the Journal of Protein Folding Disorders peer-reviewed scientific journal
See also
Active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED), a display technology
Amyl (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20Z152/R70/R12 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Z152 (homologous to R70 and R12) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA Z152 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
Plant snoRNA Z152 was identified in screens of Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain%E2%80%93encoded%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging | Strain–encoded magnetic resonance imaging (SENC-MRI) is a magnetic resonance imaging technique for imaging the strain of deforming tissue. It is undergoing testing to diagnose some heart diseases, particularly congenital right ventricle dysfunctions, which are difficult to diagnose. It is an improvement on magnetic resonance elastography in that it has a faster imaging time, and less post-processing time, to turn the acquired data into a useful image.
To use the technique, the gradient coils in the MRI equipment need to be driven with special pulse sequences, designed for specific tissues, that "tags" deformation of the tissue, such that tissue that deforms more is brighter, or darker, as needed. Using a baseline measurement of normal deformation, the measurements can show unusual amounts of pressure a tissue is exposed to, or indicate that the tissue is unusually stiff or flexible, in either case potentially revealing a pathology.
Inventors of the technique, Nael Osman and Jerry Prince, co-founded a company called DiagnoSoft to get regulatory approval for software enabling this technique and others from their academic lab, and make them available to doctors and patients.
See also
Harmonic phase (HARP) algorithm
References
Cardiac imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging
Medical imaging |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Proth | François Proth (22 March 1852 – 21 January 1879) was a French self-taught mathematician farmer who lived in Vaux-devant-Damloup near Verdun, France.
He stated four primality-related theorems. The most famous of these, Proth's theorem, can be used to test whether a Proth number (a number of the form k2n + 1 with k odd and k < 2n) is prime. The numbers passing this test are called Proth primes; they continue to be of importance in the computational search for large prime numbers.
Proth also formulated Gilbreath's conjecture on successive differences of primes, 80 years prior to Gilbreath, but his proof of the conjecture turned out to be erroneous.
The cause of Proth's death is not known.
Publications
.
.
.
.
References
1852 births
1879 deaths
19th-century French mathematicians |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd%20Alcott | Todd Alcott (born October 22, 1961) is an American screenwriter, playwright, actor, and director. He was born in Crystal Lake, Illinois.
Filmography
Writer
1996 : Just Your Luck
1998 : Antz
1999 : Curtain Call
2000 : CyberWorld ("Antz" segment and story)
2001 : Valentine (uncredited rewrite)
2003 : Grasshopper (short)
2007 : Enchanted (uncredited rewrite)
Actor
1991 : Thrill Kill Video Club
1993 : Six Degrees of Separation as Concertgoer
1994 : The Hudsucker Proxy as Mailroom Screamer
Director
2003 : Grasshopper
2008: The Bentfootes
2014: The Occupants
References
External links
http://www.toddalcott.com/
American male screenwriters
American male film actors
People from Crystal Lake, Illinois
Male actors from Illinois
1961 births
Living people
Film directors from Illinois
Screenwriters from Illinois |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algific%20talus%20slope | Algific talus slopes comprise a very rare, fragile ecosystem and habitat initially believed to exist only in the Driftless Area of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, and especially, Iowa. More recently, other algific talus slopes have been identified in the Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia. It has been suggested that close comparison with similar sites worldwide may enlarge the distribution, or that the term may become restricted to the flora and fauna characteristic of these zones within the Driftless Area.
Description
Algific means "cold producing" while "talus slope" refers to a collection of talus or broken rock which rests near the surface it detached from. A related term is maderate cliff, which is an algific slope lacking talus. They were first described in the early 1980s. These ecosystems can only exist in regions displaying karst topography.
Algific talus slopes are found mainly on north-facing slopes of ridges and canyons and are characterized by crumbly, heavily fissured, and porous exposed bedrock, with an overburden of talus remaining in situ from where it detached from its underlying bedrock; it may also display scree, which is talus finding its narrowest angle of repose down-canyon. This is a "unique system involving ridgetop sinkholes and subterranean ice caves; this system also supports Maderate Cliffs." The valleys in which they occur tend to be very steep, and often have dense forest cover.
Climate
In summer, the cooler talus-covered slopes power an ai |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fischer%27s%20greenbul | {{speciesbox
| image = Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.AVES.37520 1 - Phyllastrephus fischeri placidus (Shelley, 1889) - Pycnonotidae - bird skin specimen.jpeg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref =
| genus = Phyllastrephus
| species = fischeri
| authority = (Reichenow, 1879)
| range_map = Phyllastrephus fischeri distribution map.png
| synonyms = * Criniger Fischeri
Phyllastrephus alfredi itoculo}}
Fischer's greenbul (Phyllastrephus fischeri) is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae.
It is found in eastern Africa from southern Somalia to north-eastern Mozambique.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland.
Taxonomy and systematics
Fischer's greenbul was originally described in the genus Criniger''. Formerly, some authorities have considered it as a subspecies of Sharpe's greenbul and some have also considered Cabanis's greenbul and the placid greenbul to be subspecies of Fischer's greenbul.
The common name and scientific name commemorate the German explorer Gustav Fischer. Alternate names for Fischer's greenbul include the East Coast olive greenbul and Fischer's bulbul.
References
Phyllastrephus
Greenbuls
Birds of East Africa
Birds described in 1879
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-elliptic%20operator | In mathematics — specifically, in the theory of partial differential equations — a semi-elliptic operator is a partial differential operator satisfying a positivity condition slightly weaker than that of being an elliptic operator. Every elliptic operator is also semi-elliptic, and semi-elliptic operators share many of the nice properties of elliptic operators: for example, much of the same existence and uniqueness theory is applicable, and semi-elliptic Dirichlet problems can be solved using the methods of stochastic analysis.
Definition
A second-order partial differential operator P defined on an open subset Ω of n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn, acting on suitable functions f by
is said to be semi-elliptic if all the eigenvalues λi(x), 1 ≤ i ≤ n, of the matrix a(x) = (aij(x)) are non-negative. (By way of contrast, P is said to be elliptic if λi(x) > 0 for all x ∈ Ω and 1 ≤ i ≤ n, and uniformly elliptic if the eigenvalues are uniformly bounded away from zero, uniformly in i and x.) Equivalently, P is semi-elliptic if the matrix a(x) is positive semi-definite for each x ∈ Ω.
References
(See Section 9)
Differential operators
Partial differential equations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor%20International | Semiconductor International () was a trade publication and web site owned by Reed Business Information serving the information needs of manufacturers of semiconductors and integrated circuits.
The editor-in-chief was Pete Singer.
Established in 1978, Semiconductor International was published monthly. Regular news and feature articles covered topics including Wafer Processing, Lithography, Yield Management, Metrology, Semiconductor Packaging and Wafer Cleaning.
Semiconductor International broadcast technology webcasts each month coinciding with the print cover story for that month. In December, they broadcast an additional industry forecast webcast. Other webcasts were added to the lineup as the need arises.
As of December 2006, total BPA audited circulation was 42,500 subscribers. The issue published on April 30, 2010 was the last issue of the magazine.
References
BPA Worldwide
External links
Semiconductor International website
Business magazines published in the United States
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Defunct magazines published in the United States
Engineering magazines
Magazines established in 1978
Magazines disestablished in 2010
Magazines published in Illinois
Professional and trade magazines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idursulfase | Idursulfase (brand name Elaprase), manufactured by Takeda, is a drug used to treat Hunter syndrome (also called MPS-II). It is a purified form of the lysosomal enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase and is produced by recombinant DNA technology in a human cell line.
It is one of the most expensive drugs ever produced, costing US$567,412 per patient per year.
References
External links
Orphan drugs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feller-continuous%20process | In mathematics, a Feller-continuous process is a continuous-time stochastic process for which the expected value of suitable statistics of the process at a given time in the future depend continuously on the initial condition of the process. The concept is named after Croatian-American mathematician William Feller.
Definition
Let X : [0, +∞) × Ω → Rn, defined on a probability space (Ω, Σ, P), be a stochastic process. For a point x ∈ Rn, let Px denote the law of X given initial value X0 = x, and let Ex denote expectation with respect to Px. Then X is said to be a Feller-continuous process if, for any fixed t ≥ 0 and any bounded, continuous and Σ-measurable function g : Rn → R, Ex[g(Xt)] depends continuously upon x.
Examples
Every process X whose paths are almost surely constant for all time is a Feller-continuous process, since then Ex[g(Xt)] is simply g(x), which, by hypothesis, depends continuously upon x.
Every Itô diffusion with Lipschitz-continuous drift and diffusion coefficients is a Feller-continuous process.
See also
Continuous stochastic process
References
(See Lemma 8.1.4)
Stochastic processes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20Vincent%20and%20the%20Blue%20Caps | Gene Vincent and the Blue Caps is an album by Gene Vincent and His Blue Caps. It was originally released in 1957, four months after its predecessor, Bluejean Bop!. It was released on the Capitol label. It was re-released on CD in 2002. Cliff Gallup and rhythm guitarist Willie Williams had left the Blue Caps in the fall of 1956. Gallup was persuaded by producer, Ken Nelson, to temporarily rejoin for the sessions that resulted in the album.
Track listing
Side 1
"Red Blue Jeans and a Pony Tail" (Jack Rhodes, Bill "Tex" Davis) – 2:14
"Hold Me, Hug Me, Rock Me" (Gene Vincent, Davis) – 2:15
"Unchained Melody" (Alex North, Hy Zaret) – 2:37
"You Told a Fib" (Vincent, Cliff Gallup) – 2:21
"Cat Man" (Vincent, Davis) – 2:18
"You Better Believe" (Gallup) – 2:01
Side 2
"Cruisin'" (Vincent, Davis) – 2:12
"Double Talkin' Baby" (Danny Wolfe) – 2:12
"Blues Stay Away from Me" (Henry Glover, Wayne Raney, Alton Delmore, Rabon Delmore) – 2:16
"Pink Thunderbird" (Paul Peek, Davis) – 2:32
"I Sure Miss You" (Charles Matthews) – 2:38
"Pretty, Pretty Baby" (Wolfe) – 2:27
2002 CD reissue bonus tracks
"Important Words" [version one] (Vincent, Davis) – 2:21
"B-I-Bickey-Bi, Bo-Bo-Go" (Don Carter, Dub Nalls, Jack Rhodes) – 2:16
"Five Days, Five Days" (Rhodes, Willey, Franks) – 2:37
"Teenager Partner" [version one] (Vincent, Davis) – 2:14
"Five Feet of Lovin'" [version one] (Buck Peddy, Melvin Tillis) – 2:06
Personnel
Gene Vincent – guitar, vocals
The Blue Caps
Cliff Gallup – lead guitar
Paul Peek |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Gayle%20Sings%20the%20Heart%20and%20Soul%20of%20Hoagy%20Carmichael | Crystal Gayle Sings the Heart and Soul of Hoagy Carmichael is Crystal Gayle’s tribute to the songwriter Hoagy Carmichael. It was released on November 2, 1999, on Intersound Records.
Track listing
Personnel
Crystal Gayle – vocals
Charles Cochran – acoustic piano
Jay Patten – rhythm guitars, music director
Jim Ferguson – acoustic bass
Jim White – drums
Eric Darken – percussion
Willie Nelson – vocals (8)
Orchestra
Jeffrey Steinberg – arrangements and conductor
Carl Gorodetzky – string concertmaster
Horns and Woodwinds
Jay Patten – alto saxophone
Denis Solee – tenor saxophone, clarinet
Robbie Shankle – clarinet
Ann Richards – flute
Bobby Taylor – oboe
Dennis Good – trombone
George Tidwell – trumpet
Jennifer Kummer – French horn
Strings
John Catchings, Anthony LaMarchina, Bob Mason and Julie Tanner – cello
Liz Stewart – double bass
Monisa Angell, Bruce Christensen, Chris Farrell, Jim Grosjean, Dede Jacobs and Gary Vanosdale – viola
David Angell, Janet Askey, David Davidson, Conni Ellisor, Carl Gorodetzky, Gerald Greer, Cate Myer, Pamela Sixfin, Alan Umstead, Cathy Umstead, Mary Kathryn Vanosdale, and Carrie Wann – violin
Production
Crystal Gayle – producer
Eric Prestidge – recording, mixing, mastering
Denny Purcell – mastering
Georgetown Masters (Nashville, Tennessee) – mastering location
Ron Keith – photography
Bill Gatzimos – liner notes, management
Crystal Gayle albums
1999 albums
Tribute albums
Albums produced by Crystal Gayle |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Crystal%20Frontier | The Crystal Frontier () is a 1995 novel written by Mexican writer Carlos Fuentes. The title can also be translated as "The Glass Border". An English translation was published in 1997.
Basic plot
A series of short stories which explores relationships between people of Mexico and the United States. There are many connections between the stories, such as characters that appear in multiple stories (the most prominent of which is the wealthy Mexican businessman, Leonardo Barroso). A major, recurring theme in the text is that large parts of the USA were once part of Mexico, all the way from California to Texas, and so the Mexican people feel a special connection with that area. Another important idea is that both countries depend on each other for trade and culture, and many people divide their time and their lives between both sides of the border.
In the second story a Mexican student goes to medical school in New York state, where he finds that people there know nothing about the conditions in Mexico, but feel ready to make judgments.
Index
The novel is made up of nine short stories, which take place on both sides of the Rio Grande/Río Bravo. The stories are:
La capitalina (translated as "A Capital Girl")
La pena (translated as "Pain")
El despojo (translated as "Spoils")
La raya del olvido (translated as "The Line of Oblivion")
Malintzin de las maquilas (translated as "Malintzin of the Maquilas")
Las amigas (translated as "The Friends")
La frontera de cristal (transla |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Rothwell%20Biodiversity%20Interpretation%20Centre | Mount Rothwell Biodiversity Interpretation Centre is the largest feral-predator-free ecosystem in Victoria, Australia. It is located just north of the You Yangs, near the town of Little River.
The fenced 420-hectare site protects a large number of threatened species. It contains native carnivorous marsupials such as the eastern and spotted-tail quoll, the critically endangered southern brush-tailed rock wallaby, and the mainland's largest population of the now extinct (outside of our fences) eastern barred bandicoots.
History
The facility, originally called the "Little River Earth Sanctuary", was established by Earth Sanctuaries Limited, a publicly listed company founded by John Wamsley and his partner Proo Geddes, with conservation as its core role. The company bought a number of properties in South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria to advance Wamsley's idea of creating fully protected habitats for Australian native flora and fauna.
Earth Sanctuaries purchased the 1185-hectare Mount Rothwell property from the Chirnside family in March 2000, due to the presence of a 170-hectare remnant of old-growth grassy woodland. Long-nosed potoroos, southern brown bandicoots, rufous bettongs, red-bellied pademelons, eastern quolls and brush-tailed phascogales were reintroduced into their former habitat. The sanctuary opened to the public on 7 September 2002.
Earth Sanctuaries listed on the stock exchange in 2000, but Wamsley's dream of combining business with conservation quickl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anurolimnas | Anurolimnas is a genus of birds that the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society and the Clements taxonomy apply to the chestnut-headed crake (A. castaneiceps), the russet-crowned crake (A. viridis), and the black-banded crake (A. fasciatus). The International Ornithological Committee assigns the first two species to genus Rufirallus and the black-banded to genus Laterallus. BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World also places the first two in Rufirallus but assigns the black-banded to genus Porzana.
References
Rallidae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brivaracetam | Brivaracetam, sold under the brand name Briviact among others, is a chemical analog of levetiracetam, is a racetam derivative with anticonvulsant (antiepileptic) properties. It is marketed by the pharmaceutical company UCB.
It is available as a generic medication.
Medical uses
Brivaracetam is used to treat partial-onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation, in combination with other antiepileptic drugs. No data are available for its effectiveness and safety in people younger than 16 years of age.
Adverse effects
The most common adverse effects include sleepiness, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. More rarely, coordination problems and changes in behaviour (such as severe depression, aggression, hostility, impatience, rage, suicidal ideation, etc.) can occur.
No clinically relevant differences in adverse effects incidence for the starting doses were observed, except for a dose–response relationship for somnolence and fatigue.
Interactions
Coadministration of brivaracetam with carbamazepine may increase exposure to carbamazepine-epoxide, the active metabolite of carbamazepine, and could theoretically lead to reduced tolerability. Coadministration of brivaracetam with phenytoin may increase phenytoin levels. Coadministration of other antiseizure drugs are unlikely to affect brivaracetam exposure. Brivaracetam provides no added therapeutic benefit when administered in conjunction with levetiracetam that acts on the same protein.
No pharmacokinetic interaction w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EVOP | Evolutionary Operation (EVOP) is a manufacturing process-optimization technique developed in the 1950s by George E. P. Box.
In EVOP experimental designs and improvements are introduced, while an ongoing full-scale manufacturing process continues to produce satisfactory results. The idea is that process improvement should not interrupt production.
EVOP is a process or technique of systematic experimentation. Evolutionary Operation (EVOP) is based on the understanding that every production lot has the ability to contribute valuable information on the effect of process variables on a particular product characteristic or feature. Typical methods used involve structured designs of experiments (DOE) which may result in interrupting production flow to conduct the trials or experiments. EVOP, on the other hand, is intended to introduce small changes in the process variables during normal production flow. These changes are not large enough to result in non-conforming product, but are significant enough to determine the optimum process ranges.
Application
Applicable virtually to any applied discipline. Optimization is addressed in all spheres of human enterprise from natural sciences and engineering of whatever discipline, through economics, econometrics, statistics and operations research to management science. Practitioners of mathematical programming who require global optimization methods in diverse technological application. EVOP has been implemented in the following quantitat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frobenius%20covariant | In matrix theory, the Frobenius covariants of a square matrix are special polynomials of it, namely projection matrices Ai associated with the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of . They are named after the mathematician Ferdinand Frobenius.
Each covariant is a projection on the eigenspace associated with the eigenvalue .
Frobenius covariants are the coefficients of Sylvester's formula, which expresses a function of a matrix as a matrix polynomial, namely a linear combination
of that function's values on the eigenvalues of .
Formal definition
Let be a diagonalizable matrix with eigenvalues λ1, …, λk.
The Frobenius covariant , for i = 1,…, k, is the matrix
It is essentially the Lagrange polynomial with matrix argument. If the eigenvalue λi is simple, then as an idempotent projection matrix to a one-dimensional subspace, has a unit trace.
Computing the covariants
The Frobenius covariants of a matrix can be obtained from any eigendecomposition , where is non-singular and is diagonal with .
If has no multiple eigenvalues, then let ci be the th right eigenvector of , that is, the th column of ; and let ri be the th left eigenvector of , namely the th row of −1. Then .
If has an eigenvalue λi appearing multiple times, then , where the sum is over all rows and columns associated with the eigenvalue λi.
Example
Consider the two-by-two matrix:
This matrix has two eigenvalues, 5 and −2; hence .
The corresponding eigen decomposition is
Hence the Frobenius cova |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Ristow | Michael Ristow (b April 24, 1967) is a German medical researcher who has published influential articles on biochemical aspects of mitochondrial metabolism and particularly the possibly health-promoting role of reactive oxygen species in diseases like type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer, as well as general aging due to a process called mitohormesis.
Ristow was born in Lübeck in the North of Germany. He graduated at the University of Bochum in 1992 and received his M.D. from University of Bochum in 1996. He was appointed to the University of Jena in 2005 as a full professor in nutritional science, and is a full professor in energy metabolism at the ETH Zurich since 2013.
In 2007, Ristow’s group published evidence which could explain the basis of the observed extension of lifespan by restriction of sugar intake. In experiments on a model organism, the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, they found that lowering the availability of glucose extended the lifespan of the worms. It has been known since the 1930s that restricting calories while maintaining adequate amounts of other nutrients extends lifespan across a broad range of organisms. The mechanism has been proposed as a change in the activity of the sirtuins. Michael Ristow shows in his article that this effect can also occur independent of sirtuins, since worms deficient for sirtuins still show extended life span in states of sugar restriction.
Most importantly, Ristow's research suggests that this is a mitohormetic effect, as r |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osram%20Opto%20Semiconductors%20GmbH | Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH of Regensburg, Germany, was a wholly owned subsidiary of Osram GmbH, which was the world's second largest manufacturer of optoelectronic semiconductors after Nichia and followed in third place by Cree Inc. The company was founded in 1999 as a joint venture between Osram and Infineon Technologies. In 2021 Osram Opto Semiconductors was integrated to AMS-Osram International GmbH and is now part of the AMS Osram Group.
The main products of the company are light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as well as high power laser diodes, infrared components and optical sensors.
History
When Siemens split off the semiconductor operations to form a separate legal entity, Osram had an opportunity to take over the LED division.
On January 1, 1999 the takeover was completed with a 51% majority share. The Siemens subsidiary, Infineon, initially retained a 49% share. In the summer of 2001, Osram acquired all Infineon shares in the sale of opto-semiconductors.
In 2003, the company opened an opto-chip factory in Regensburg, Germany. After a construction period of 21 months, the first phase of the factory opened, covering an area of 36,000 m². Total investment was around €120 million. The second phase was officially opened in 2008.
Profile
Osram Opto Semiconductors claims to be the world’s second largest manufacturer of optoelectronic semiconductors for the illumination; sensing, and visualization sectors. At its headquarters in Regensburg, Germany, further production sit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A9%20Ant%C3%B4nio | José Antônio Pereira (born March 19, 1984 in Monte Azul Paulista), or simply Zé Antônio, is a Brazilian footballer, who plays as a midfielder.
Career statistics
Club
Honours
Brazilian League (2nd division): 2006
Minas Gerais State League: 2007
Campeonato Pernambucano in 2010 with Sport Recife
External links
CBF
footballbusiness
websoccerclub
References
1984 births
Living people
Footballers from São Paulo (state)
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Botafogo Futebol Clube (SP) players
Clube Atlético Mineiro players
BK Häcken players
Club Athletico Paranaense players
Sport Club do Recife players
Goiás Esporte Clube players
Associação Portuguesa de Desportos players
Paysandu Sport Club players
Guarani FC players
Clube Atlético Linense players
Figueirense FC players
Esporte Clube Santo André players
Joinville Esporte Clube players
Men's association football midfielders
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
Expatriate men's footballers in Sweden
People from Monte Azul Paulista |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistling%20warbler | The whistling warbler (Catharopeza bishopi) is a species of bird in the New World warbler family. It is monotypic within the genus Catharopeza. It has a dark back that fades into a lighter gradient going towards the chest. It also has a dark head, a dark strip on the breast, and a light orbital. Both male and female have the same plumage. It is endemic to the island of Saint Vincent in the Lesser Antilles. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. It is threatened by habitat loss. This habitat loss is due to volcanic activity and deforestation. Whistling warblers have cup-shaped nests, and spotted eggs. Their diet primarily consists of insects.
Taxonomy
The whistling warbler was originally given the genus, Leucopeza bishopi, but it was later changed to Catharopeza bishopi because of its stoutness in many areas of its body.
There are competing beliefs on who the closest relative to the whistling warbler (Catharopeza) is between Phaeothlypis and Dendroica. A 1976 study argued that Phaeothlypis was Catharopeza’s closest relative. Catharopeza’s foraging, morphology, and song are more similar to Phaeothlypis than Dendroica. Other studies have shown Dendroica to be Catharopeza’s closest relative. The closeness in relationship between Dendroica and Catharopeza has been widely recognized. When sorted taxonomically, they are often adjacent due to their similarities in morphology and song. A phylogenetic s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Lake%20%28Dakota%2C%20Minnesota%29 | Crystal Lake is a lake in Burnsville, Dakota County, Minnesota. The lake is a primary source of recreation for the city of Burnsville and the surrounding area. Crystal Beach Park
, Crystal Lake West Park and Tyacke Park all have coastline along the lake and offer amenities such as boat landings, picnic areas, hard surfaced courts, playground equipment, walking trails, and others. Nearby Lac Lavon Lake Park has a softball complex, tennis courts, and horseshoe courts. The Lake also contains two islands, Picnic Island (nicknamed Potty Island) and Maple Island. The most southerly parts of the lake extend into the city of Lakeville.
Crystal Lake was named from its sparkling waters.
Wildlife
According to the Minnesota DNR, abundant wildlife can get in the way of fishing. The lake has been found to contain the invasive Eurasian Watermilfoil plant species.
Despite the plant life, Bass and Sunfish are common throughout the lake. The DNR has plans to restock the lake with hybrid Muskies in even numbered years, but in the past few of legal size have been caught. Bluegills are also quite common.
References
Lakes of Dakota County, Minnesota
Crystal, Dakota County
Burnsville, Minnesota |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-C%C3%A9cile-de-L%C3%A9vrard | Sainte-Cécile-de-Lévrard is a parish municipality in the Centre-du-Québec region of the province of Quebec in Canada.
Demographics
In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada, Sainte-Cécile-de-Lévrard had a population of 349 living in 153 of its 163 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 372. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
See also
List of parish municipalities in Quebec
References
External links
Parish municipalities in Quebec
Incorporated places in Centre-du-Québec |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Sophie-de-L%C3%A9vrard%2C%20Quebec | Sainte-Sophie-de-Lévrard is a parish municipality in the Centre-du-Québec region of the province of Quebec in Canada.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Sainte-Sophie-de-Lévrard had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
See also
List of parish municipalities in Quebec
References
External links
Parish municipalities in Quebec
Incorporated places in Centre-du-Québec
Canada geography articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous%20stochastic%20process | In probability theory, a continuous stochastic process is a type of stochastic process that may be said to be "continuous" as a function of its "time" or index parameter. Continuity is a nice property for (the sample paths of) a process to have, since it implies that they are well-behaved in some sense, and, therefore, much easier to analyze. It is implicit here that the index of the stochastic process is a continuous variable. Some authors define a "continuous (stochastic) process" as only requiring that the index variable be continuous, without continuity of sample paths: in another terminology, this would be a continuous-time stochastic process, in parallel to a "discrete-time process". Given the possible confusion, caution is needed.
Definitions
Let (Ω, Σ, P) be a probability space, let T be some interval of time, and let X : T × Ω → S be a stochastic process. For simplicity, the rest of this article will take the state space S to be the real line R, but the definitions go through mutatis mutandis if S is Rn, a normed vector space, or even a general metric space.
Continuity almost surely
Given a time t ∈ T, X is said to be continuous with probability one at t if
Mean-square continuity
Given a time t ∈ T, X is said to be continuous in mean-square at t if E[|Xt|2] < +∞ and
Continuity in probability
Given a time t ∈ T, X is said to be continuous in probability at t if, for all ε > 0,
Equivalently, X is continuous in probability at time t if
Continuity in distributi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venture%20Arctic | Venture Arctic is an ecosystem simulation video game from Pocketwatch Games. Following its predecessor Wildlife Tycoon: Venture Africa, this Arctic sequel combines educational value and entertainment. The game allows players to build and manage ecosystems of Arctic animals by interacting with the environment using "tools of nature", such as the sun, snow, wind, and sickness.
There are five different environments in the game, from an oil-rig off the coast of Svalbard, Norway, to a new pipeline disturbing the caribou herds in the Alaskan level. While the game maintains impartiality on environmental issues, players are left to discover for themselves the impact of global warming and deforestation throughout the seasons in their sim-ecosystems and the 22 animal species which comprise them.
The visual art was inspired by traditional Inuit sculpture. The music is a reinterpretation of Vivaldi's Four Seasons Concerto using Inuit-inspired instruments and instruments brought to the region by explorers. Venture Arctic was designed, produced, and programmed by Andy Schatz, founder of Pocketwatch Games and host of the 2007 and 2008 Independent Games Festival Awards ceremonies.
External links
Road to the Independent Games Festival
Video game sequels
Windows games
MacOS games
2007 video games
Indie games
Biological simulation video games
Climate change in fiction
Environment of the Arctic
Culture of the Arctic
Torque (game engine) games
Video games developed in the United States
V |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20entropy | Social entropy is a sociological theory that evaluates social behaviours using a method based on the second law of thermodynamics. The equivalent of entropy in a social system is considered to be wealth or residence location. The theory was introduced by Kenneth D. Bailey in 1990 and extended recently by Roumen Tsekov.
References
Further reading
Klaus Krippendorff's Dictionary of Cybernetics (University of Pennsylvania)
Kenneth D. Bailey (1990). Social Entropy Theory. Albany, New York: State University of New York (SUNY) Press. ISSN 1094-429X
Sociological theories
Social systems
Sociological terminology
Cyberpunk themes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed%20testing%20procedure | In statistics, the closed testing procedure is a general method for performing more than one hypothesis test simultaneously.
The closed testing principle
Suppose there are k hypotheses H1,..., Hk to be tested and the overall type I error rate is α. The closed testing principle allows the rejection of any one of these elementary hypotheses, say Hi, if all possible intersection hypotheses involving Hi can be rejected by using valid local level α tests; the adjusted p-value is the largest among those hypotheses. It controls the family-wise error rate for all the k hypotheses at level α in the strong sense.
Example
Suppose there are three hypotheses H1,H2, and H3 to be tested and the overall type I error rate is 0.05. Then H1 can be rejected at level α if H1 ∩ H2 ∩ H3, H1 ∩ H2, H1 ∩ H3 and H1 can all be rejected using valid tests with level α.
Special cases
The Holm–Bonferroni method is a special case of a closed test procedure for which each intersection null hypothesis is tested using the simple Bonferroni test. As such, it controls the family-wise error rate for all the k hypotheses at level α in the strong sense.
Multiple test procedures developed using the graphical approach for constructing and illustrating multiple test procedures are a subclass of closed testing procedures.
See also
Multiple comparisons
Holm–Bonferroni method
Bonferroni correction
References
Statistical hypothesis testing
Statistical tests
Multiple comparisons |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-linking%20number | In knot theory, the self-linking number is an invariant of framed knots. It is related to the linking number of curves.
A framing of a knot is a choice of a non-zero non-tangent vector at each point of the knot. More precisely, a framing is a choice of a non-zero section in the normal bundle of the knot, i.e. a (non-zero) normal vector field. Given a framed knot C, the self-linking number is defined to be the linking number of C with a new curve obtained by pushing points of C along the framing vectors.
Given a Seifert surface for a knot, the associated Seifert framing is obtained by taking a tangent vector to the surface pointing inwards and perpendicular to the knot. The self-linking number obtained from a Seifert framing is always zero.
The blackboard framing of a knot is the framing where each of the vectors points in the vertical (z) direction. The self-linking number obtained from the blackboard framing is called the Kauffman self-linking number of the knot. This is not a knot invariant because it is only well-defined up to regular isotopy.
References
.
Knot invariants |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leandro%20Amaral | Leandro Câmara do Amaral (born 6 August 1977), is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a striker.
Career statistics
Club
Honours
Club
Fiorentina
Coppa Italia (1): 2000–01
Individual
Bola de Prata (1): 2007
References
External links
Zerozero.pt
Guardian Stats Centre
1977 births
Living people
Men's association football forwards
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazil men's international footballers
2001 FIFA Confederations Cup players
Associação Portuguesa de Desportos players
ACF Fiorentina players
Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense players
São Paulo FC players
Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras players
Sport Club Corinthians Paulista players
Ituano FC players
FC Istres players
Fluminense FC players
CR Vasco da Gama players
CR Flamengo footballers
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Serie A players
Ligue 1 players
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in France
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Footballers from São Paulo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Blue%20Persuasion | "Crystal Blue Persuasion" is a 1968 song originally recorded by Tommy James and the Shondells and composed by Eddie Gray, Tommy James and Mike Vale.
Background
A gentle-tempoed groove, "Crystal Blue Persuasion" was built around a prominent organ part with an understated arrangement, more akin to The Rascals' sound at the time than to James's contemporary efforts with psychedelic rock. It included melodic passages for an acoustic guitar, as well as a bass pattern, played between the bridge and the third verse of the song.
In a 1985 interview in Hitch magazine, James said the title of the song came to him while he was reading the Biblical Book of Revelation:
I took the title from the Book of Revelations [sic] in the Bible, reading about the New Jerusalem. The words jumped out at me, and they're not together; they're spread out over three or four verses. But it seemed to go together, it's my favorite of all my songs and one of our most requested.
According to James's manager, James was actually inspired by his readings of the Book of Ezekiel, which (he remembered as) speaking of a blue Shekhinah light that represented the presence of the Almighty God, and of the Book of Isaiah and Book of Revelation, which tell of a future age of brotherhood of mankind, living in peace and harmony.
At the time of the song's release there were several popular types of high quality blue-colored LSD tablets in circulation—some listeners generally assumed James was referring to "acid". In 1979, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutritional%20biodiversity | Nutritional biodiversity is a diet that focuses on the diversity of an organism's nutritional consumption or intake. Some believe this diversity directly relates to the overall health and vitality of the organism — human or animal.
Nutritional Diversity or Nutritional Biodiversity, is a diet studied in Panama by an athlete and permaculturist named Brandon Eisler. He has been studying and testing diverse nutritional intake in the range of 50 to 200 different species, not mono-culture derived, and the effects of this on both athletic performance and healing the sick.
Although traditional diets emphasize a sufficient intake of fruit and vegetables, they do not emphasize the range or variety of this intake. Nutritional biodiversity encourages the consumption of about 10 – 15 different green vegetables over a period of a fortnight, rather than the same green vegetable every day for that same period. This extends to all types of fruits and vegetables.
Different fruits and vegetables provide different vitamins and minerals and in differing quantities, and it is this diversity that is essential to ensure that all nutritional needs are met. Every other species of mammal, in the wild, takes in a much larger spectrum of nutrition that humans. The diet realizes also that domestication of food species and humans, is the root of many health problems.
In the book Back from the Brink, an example is used of the various bloodlines of race horses in the UK and USA. What the author found is |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydroetorphine | Dihydroetorphine was developed by K. W. Bentley at McFarlan-Smith in the 1960s and is a potent opioid analgesic used mainly in China. It is a derivative of the better-known opioid etorphine, a very potent veterinary painkiller and anesthetic medication used primarily for the sedation of large animals such as elephants, giraffes, and rhinos.
Dihydroetorphine is a semi-synthetic opioid used mainly as a strong painkiller for humans. It is several thousand times stronger than morphine (between 1000× and 12000× more potent depending what method is used for comparison), although it is poorly absorbed when taken orally. Sublingual forms of dihydroetorphine are used in China at doses ranging from 20 to 40 μg repeated every 3–4 hours, and are reported to cause strong analgesia and relatively mild side effects compared to other opioids, although all the usual opioid side effects such as dizziness, sedation, nausea, constipation, and respiratory depression can occur. Transdermal patches of dihydroetorphine have also been developed.
Dihydroetorphine is considered to be somewhat less addictive than many other opioids, and it is also sometimes used in China as a substitute maintenance drug for opioid addicts, in a similar fashion to how the related drug buprenorphine is used in western nations. It is presumably controlled as an "ester, ether, [or] salt" of etorphine in the United States under the Controlled Substances Act 1970, and/or its pieces of the morphine carbon skeleton put it un |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-and-rufous%20swallow | The black-and-rufous swallow (Hirundo nigrorufa) is a species of bird in the family Hirundinidae.
Range
It inhabits the miombo ecosystems of Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia.
References
black-and-rufous swallow
Birds of Central Africa
black-and-rufous swallow
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco%20etch%20virus | Tobacco etch virus (TEV) is a plant virus in the genus Potyvirus and family Potyviridae. Like other members of the genus Potyvirus, TEV has a monopartite positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome surrounded by a capsid made from a single viral encoded protein. The virus is a filamentous particle that measures about 730 nm in length. It is transmissible in a non-persistent manner by more than 10 species of aphids including Myzus persicae. It also is easily transmitted by mechanical means but is not known to be transmitted by seeds.
Host range
This virus infects many species of Solanaceae. Agriculturally important crops that it infects include several species of Capsicum (i.e. C. annuum, C. frutescens), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), and tobacco (Nicotiana spp.).
It also infects many perennial weed species that can act as virus reservoirs for susceptible agricultural crops. These weed species include Solanum nigrum (nightshade), S. aculeatissimum (soda apple), Chenopodium album (pigweed), Datura stramonium (jimson weed), Linaria canadensis (blue toadflax), and Physalis spp. (ground cherry). Thus, recommendations for the control of this virus include the control of weeds in and around susceptible solanaceous crops.
Signs and symptoms
Symptoms seen on plants infected with this virus can vary depending on the plant. However typical symptoms include vein clearing, mottling, and necrotic lines or etching. Symptoms can occur on leaves and fruit and the plants can becom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato%20yellow%20leaf%20curl%20virus | Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a DNA virus from the genus Begomovirus and the family Geminiviridae. TYLCV causes the most destructive disease of tomato, and it can be found in tropical and subtropical regions causing severe economic losses. This virus is transmitted by an insect vector from the family Aleyrodidae and order Hemiptera, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, commonly known as the silverleaf whitefly or the sweet potato whitefly. The primary host for TYLCV is the tomato plant, and other plant hosts where TYLCV infection has been found include eggplants, potatoes, tobacco, beans, and peppers. Due to the rapid spread of TYLCV in the last few decades, there is an increased focus in research trying to understand and control this damaging pathogen. Some interesting findings include the virus being sexually transmitted from infected males to non-infected females (and vice versa), and an evidence that TYLCV is transovarially transmitted to offspring for two generations.
Genome
This virus consists of a single circular single-stranded (ss) DNA molecule (2787 nt in size) which is a common distinction among viruses in the family Geminiviridae. The coat protein is an essential component for successful insect transmission of this virus. The ssDNA genome encodes for six open reading frames (ORF): two in the virion sense orientation, V1 and V2, and four in the complementary orientation, C1, C2, C3, and C4. The V1 and V2 protein encoded by the v1 and v2 gene are the coat pro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawberry%20crinkle%20cytorhabdovirus | Strawberry crinkle cytorhabdovirus, commonly called Strawberry crinkle virus (SCV), is a negative sense single stranded RNA virus that threatens strawberry production worldwide. This virus reduces plant rigidity, runner production, fruit size, and production, while causing distortion and crinkling of the leaves. This virus was first described in 1932 in Oregon and California with commercial strawberry varieties, and later became an issue around the world, including North America, South America, Europe, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia, and Japan. Of the family Rhabdoviridae, it is a large family of viruses that affects plants, vertebrates, and invertebrates. Specifically, this virus infects strawberry plants of the genus Fragaria and is transmitted through two aphid vectors that feed on strawberries, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii and C. jacobi. When SCV is combined with other aphid-transmitted strawberry viruses, such as mottle, mild yellow-edge, vein banding, or pallidosis, the damage becomes even more deleterious. Economically, the only significant host of SCV is Fragaria ananassa.
Baltimore Classification
Based on the Baltimore classification, which is a virus classification system the groups viruses into families based on their genome type, we can know the steps the virus must take in order to produce mRNA and how the genome is copied to create more genomes. All viruses want to get to mRNA in order to go through the process of translation; however, only positive sense s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice%20ragged%20stunt%20virus | Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Reoviridae.
RRSV, vectored by the brown planthopper (BPH) (Delphacidae: Nilaparvata lugens), causes ragged stunt disease of rice (Oryza spp., especially Oryza sativa). The virus, first described by Hibino, Ling and Shikata, is also less commonly known as rice infectious gall virus. RRSV has polyhedral particles about 50 nm in diameter possessing spikes (and perhaps a complete outer shell) to a diameter of 65 nm. The particles contain double-stranded RNA in ten segments. RRSV can only infect plants in the family Poaceae, i.e. grasses including rice. The virus can only be transmitted by BPH and is not mechanically transmitted to plants.
Rice plants infected with RRSV are stunted with whitish spindle-shaped outgrowths. Later the infected leaves become twisted with ragged edges, and may eventually turn brown. Rice plants may survive the infection, but yields are greatly reduced due to delayed flowering, incomplete panicle emergence, and unfilled grains. Symptoms of RRSV infection vary with the variety of rice and stage of growth. Most rice varieties of Oryza sativa japonica and Oryza sativa indica are susceptible to RRSV though several resistant varieties are available. Attempts to prevent RRSV infections by controlling BPH with insecticides often have the opposite effect of facilitating RRSV outbreaks; this can be due to a disproportionate effect of insecticides on the natural enemies of BPH. Certain typ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice%20stripe%20tenuivirus | Rice stripe tenuivirus is an RNA plant pathogen of the genus Tenuivirus. It is prevalent in Japan, China, and Korea and can infect plants of the family Poaceae, which include wheat and corn (see maize stripe virus). Damage from this disease causes major reductions in rice crop yield every year.
It is spread primarily by Laodelphax striatellus, a small planthopper that feeds and damages rice plants by sap-sucking. Three other planthopper insects that transmit rice stripe virus include Unkanodes sapporona, Unkanodoes albifascia, and Terthron albovittatum. The virus propagates in the planthopper and is passed down to 90% of a female's eggs. However, mechanically transmitting the virus by injecting sap from an affected plant to a healthy plant has not been widely successful.
Symptoms
Rice plants are susceptible to infection starting at the seedling age. The only known means of virus transmission is via planthoppers. Typical symptoms of rice stripe virus infection include pale and discontinuous yellow stripes, blotches, and dead tissue streaks on the leaves. Severe infections cause grey necrotic streaks and result in the death of the plant.
Young plants
Infection causes the most damage during seedling stage to maximum tillering stage because during this time interval, the plants are at a higher risk of death. Affected seedlings are stunted in growth with leaves that elongate without unfolding. Their color pales to white with drooped, curled, dead leaves. In Japan, this disease |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice%20yellow%20mottle%20virus | Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) is a plant pathogenic virus, belonging to the genus Sobemovirus. The genome is a positive-sense single strand RNA of 4450 nucleotides in length and is not polyadenylated. It was first reported in Kenya in 1966 in one of Africa's first cultivation intensification schemes, due to RYMV's association with intensification, but DNA analysis of its evolutionary history shows it to have evolved in East Africa in the 19th century. Since its identification in Kenya it has been detected in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. It has also been detected in Central Africa, but has yet to be seen outside the continent. The genomic organization of RYMV is most similar to that of Cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus. RYMV is one of the better-studied plant-virus pathosystems.
Virology
Structure
RYMV is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus. There is a high level of genetic diversity with the RYMV nucleotides, which is roughly 14%. RYMV is a sobemovirus.
Impact on plants
RYMV has a massive impact on rice crops. Streaking, mottling, discoloration and malformation of leaves as well as death of infected young plants are all typical signs of RYMV infection. Crop losses can be 25–100%. It is believed that RYMV has begun to spread since the introduction of the exotic rice (Oryza sativa) from Asia into the African continent. Indigenous rices that are from the African area tend to be more tolerant of the virus. The natural host of the virus tends to remain in the O |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liouville%27s%20theorem%20%28conformal%20mappings%29 | In mathematics, Liouville's theorem, proved by Joseph Liouville in 1850, is a rigidity theorem about conformal mappings in Euclidean space. It states that any smooth conformal mapping on a domain of Rn, where n > 2, can be expressed as a composition of translations, similarities, orthogonal transformations and inversions: they are Möbius transformations (in n dimensions). This theorem severely limits the variety of possible conformal mappings in R3 and higher-dimensional spaces. By contrast, conformal mappings in R2 can be much more complicated – for example, all simply connected planar domains are conformally equivalent, by the Riemann mapping theorem.
Generalizations of the theorem hold for transformations that are only weakly differentiable . The focus of such a study is the non-linear Cauchy–Riemann system that is a necessary and sufficient condition for a smooth mapping to be conformal:
where Df is the Jacobian derivative, T is the matrix transpose, and I is the identity matrix. A weak solution of this system is defined to be an element f of the Sobolev space with non-negative Jacobian determinant almost everywhere, such that the Cauchy–Riemann system holds at almost every point of Ω. Liouville's theorem is then that every weak solution (in this sense) is a Möbius transformation, meaning that it has the form
where a, b are vectors in Rn, α is a scalar, A is a rotation matrix, , and the matrix in parentheses is I or a Householder matrix (so, orthogonal). Equivale |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CodeBase | CodeBase is a tech ecosystem support organisation that has supported over 500 startups and scaleups, who have collectively raised over £4 billion. CodeBase is promotes collaboration in tech innovation, by working with startups, scaleups, corporates, governments, academia and the third sector.
CodeBase provides the workspace environment for startups to grow, delivers expert educational programmes and industry accelerators, and fosters connections through events, meetups, mentorship matching, and corporate-startup collaboration programmes.
Launched in Edinburgh in 2014, CodeBase offers startup incubation space through hotdesking, coworking, and dedicated office space. Further hubs opened in Stirling, in 2017, followed by Aberdeen in 2019, along with popup hubs across the UK.
CodeBase is for startup founders, would-be founders, and employees across the UK - particularly within the tech ecosystem - who want to join a community of like-minded people, learn from others, and access support to help grow their business.
CodeBase works with businesses looking to innovate through collaboration with startups and tech businesses in their sectors. Governments and enterprise organisations looking for support in delivering large scale programmes.
Partnerships
CodeBase has supported various companies including FanDuel, Cloudsoft, Administrate, Deliveroo, TV Squared, Outplay Entertainment, Rightscale, Speech Graphics, Square, and Skyscanner.
CodeBase has partnered with the Scottish G |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptopoecile | Leptopoecile is a genus of birds in the long-tailed tit family Aegithalidae. The genus was once placed in the large family Sylviidae, but analysis of mitochondrial DNA placed it with the long-tailed tits.
The genus contains two species:
References
Aegithalidae
Bird genera
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty%27s%20Brain | Betty's Brain is a software environment created at Vanderbilt University by the Teachable Agents Group to help promote students' understanding of metacognitive skills and to reinforce river ecosystem knowledge as part of a science curriculum. It is a qualitative constraint system, using node-link diagrams to represent models for teaching complex scientific and engineering domains in high school.
The system specifically focuses on reinforcing so called self-regulatory skills that promote both self monitoring and self assessment as one might expect of an independent learner.
The system focuses around a main character, Betty, who has asked the students to teach her about river ecosystems. In this way Betty's Brain diverges from a classic intelligent tutoring system (ITS) and adopts the learning by teaching (LBT) paradigm where computer agent interactions are focused around completing a primary task unrelated to the acquisition of domain content knowledge.
More recently, Betty's level of artificial intelligence has been largely modified to increase the interactivity with the students. Betty's task is to interact with students as a "good" learner, one who has self-regulatory skills, might. By incorporating feedback related to these self-regulatory skills we have shown that students are better able to perform in future learning tasks.
Current studies are focused on the 5th grade classroom with approximately 100 students. As well, as of July 2007, the system is being develo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous-time%20stochastic%20process | In probability theory and statistics, a continuous-time stochastic process, or a continuous-space-time stochastic process is a stochastic process for which the index variable takes a continuous set of values, as contrasted with a discrete-time process for which the index variable takes only distinct values. An alternative terminology uses continuous parameter as being more inclusive.
A more restricted class of processes are the continuous stochastic processes; here the term often (but not always) implies both that the index variable is continuous and that sample paths of the process are continuous. Given the possible confusion, caution is needed.
Continuous-time stochastic processes that are constructed from discrete-time processes via a waiting time distribution are called continuous-time random walks.
Examples
An example of a continuous-time stochastic process for which sample paths are not continuous is a Poisson process. An example with continuous paths is the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process.
See also
Continuous signal
References
Stochastic processes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K.%20C.%20Sreedharan%20Pillai | K C Sreedharan Pillai (1920–1985) was an Indian statistician who was known for his works on multivariate analysis and probability distributions.
Pillai studied at the University of Travancore in Trivandrum. He graduated in 1941 and obtained his master's degree in 1945. He was appointed a lecturer at the University of Kerala in 1945 and worked there for six years until he went to the United States in 1951. After studying for one year at Princeton University, he went to the University of North Carolina where he was awarded a doctorate in statistics in 1954.
His first post was as a statistician with the United Nations, a post he held from 1954 until 1962. One of his achievements at that post was the founding of the Statistical Center of the University of the Philippines. He was a visiting Professor and Advisor to the University of Philippines for a number of years and supervised graduate students there. In 1962 Pillai was appointed Professor of Statistics and Mathematics at Purdue University. Pillai's research was in statistics, in particular in multivariate statistical analysis. Pillai was honoured by being elected a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and a Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. He was an elected member of the International Statistical Institute.
He was a keen golfer too.
He died on 5 June 1985 in Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
External links
Indian emigrants to the United States
Indian statisticians
1920 births
1985 deaths
20th-cent |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ictalurus | Ictalurus is a genus of North American freshwater catfishes. It includes the well-known channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus).
The catfish genome database (cBARBEL) is a database for the genetics of Ictalurus species.
Species
Currently, 10 species in this genus are recognized:
Ictalurus australis (Meek, 1904) (Panuco catfish)
Ictalurus balsanus (D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1899) (Balsas catfish)
Ictalurus dugesii (T. H. Bean, 1880) (Lerma catfish)
Ictalurus furcatus (Valenciennes, 1840) (blue catfish)
Ictalurus lupus (Girard, 1858) (headwater catfish)
Ictalurus meridionalis (Günther, 1864)
Ictalurus mexicanus (Meek, 1904) (Rio Verde catfish)
Ictalurus ochoterenai (F. de Buen, 1946) (Chapala catfish)
Ictalurus pricei (Rutter, 1896) (Yaqui catfish)
Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818) (channel catfish)
Four fossil species also are assigned to this genus:
†Ictalurus echinatus
†Ictalurus lambda
†Ictalurus rhaeas
†Ictalurus spodius
References
External links
Catfish genome database (cBARBEL)
Extant Oligocene first appearances
Catfish genera
Freshwater fish genera
Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunocomputing | Immunocomputing explores the principles of information processing that proteins and immune networks utilize in order to solve specific complex problems while protected from viruses, noise, errors and intrusions.
It intends to establish:
A proper mathematical framework
A new kind of computing
A new kind of hardware
The main difference with other kinds of computing lay on the function of its basic element, the formal protein, defined according with its biological prototype and its mathematical model.
The main biophysical issues considered in immunocomputing are:
Free folding to a stable state (inspiration for the Formal Protein)
Free binding with other elements dependent on their reciprocal states (inspiration for the Formal Immune Networks)
Formal immune networks (FINs) have as closest model the idiotypic network of N. Jerne but they consider specific mechanisms of interactions between proteins. FINs are able to learn, recognize and solve problems.
Artificial immune systems
Biophysics
Cognitive science |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGT | TGT may stand for:
Chemistry
Tagetitoxin
TRNA-guanine15 transglycosylase, an enzyme
Cysteine, an amino acid coded TGT
Arts and media
TGT (group), R&B supergroup formed by Tyrese, Ginuwine, and Tank
Thailand's Got Talent, Thai reality television series
The Grand Tour, British motoring programme
Businesses
TGT Oil and Gas Services
Target Corporation, NYSE stock ticker
Tennessee Gas Transmission Company
Other uses
Tamangic languages (Tamang, Gurung, Thakali and others)
Tanga Airport, by IATA code, in Tanga, Tanzania
Target (disambiguation)
Ticket Granting Ticket, in network security
Transitional Government of Tigray, in Ethiopia
Trained Graduate Teacher, a teacher who holds a degree for teaching students |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weisz%E2%80%93Prater%20criterion | The Weisz–Prater criterion is a method used to estimate the influence of pore diffusion on reaction rates in heterogeneous catalytic reactions. If the criterion is satisfied, pore diffusion limitations are negligible. The criterion is
Where is the reaction rate per volume of catalyst, is the catalyst particle radius, is the reactant concentration at the particle surface, and is the effective diffusivity. Diffusion is usually in the Knudsen regime when average pore radius is less than 100 nm.
For a given effectiveness factor,, and reaction order, n, the quantity is defined by the equation:
for small values of beta this can be approximated using the binomial theorem:
Assuming with a reaction order gives value of equal to 0.1. Therefore, for many conditions, if then pore diffusion limitations can be excluded.
References
Scientific techniques
Laboratory techniques
Transport phenomena
Chemical reaction engineering |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequencing%20by%20ligation | Sequencing by ligation is a DNA sequencing method that uses the enzyme DNA ligase to identify the nucleotide present at a given position in a DNA sequence. Unlike most currently popular DNA sequencing methods, this method does not use a DNA polymerase to create a second strand. Instead, the mismatch sensitivity of a DNA ligase enzyme is used to determine the underlying sequence of the target DNA molecule.
Process
DNA ligase is an enzyme that joins together ends of DNA molecules. Although commonly represented as joining two pairs of ends at once, as in the ligation of restriction enzyme fragments, ligase can also join the ends on only one of the two strands (for example, when the other strand is already continuous or lacks a terminal phosphate necessary for ligation). DNA ligase is sensitive to the structure of DNA and has very low efficiency when there are mismatches between the bases of the two strands.
Sequencing by ligation relies upon the sensitivity of DNA ligase for base-pairing mismatches. The target molecule to be sequenced is a single strand of unknown DNA sequence, flanked on at least one end by a known sequence. A short "anchor" strand is brought in to bind the known sequence.
A mixed pool of probe oligonucleotides is then brought in (eight or nine bases long), labeled (typically with fluorescent dyes) according to the position that will be sequenced. These molecules hybridize to the target DNA sequence, next to the anchor sequence, and DNA ligase preferential |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder%20of%20Charlie%20Keever%20and%20Jonathan%20Sellers | The murder of Charlie Keever and Jonathan Sellers took place on March 27, 1993, in San Diego County, California. The rape and murders were solved via DNA match eight years after their deaths.
The victims
Charles Allen "Charlie" Keever (November 1, 1979 – March 27, 1993) was a 13-year-old boy, the youngest of three children, siblings, Lisa Keever and Michael Keever. Charlie's parents are David Keever and Maria Keever. His father and two grandparents died before Charlie's murderer was discovered.
Jonathan Lee "Jon" Sellers (April 18, 1983 – March 27, 1993) was 9 years old, the fourth of six children, two minutes younger than his twin sister, Jennifer. His older half-brother, Alton Williams II, later became a cast member on The Real World: Las Vegas. His other siblings are Natasha Sellers, Dennis Michael Sellers and Tammie R. Sellers. Jonathan's parents are Dennis L. Sellers and Milena M. Sellers.
Both boys were buried in the Holy Cross Catholic Cemetery in Chollas View, San Diego.
The crime
On Saturday, March 27, 1993, Charlie Keever and Jonathan Sellers' elder brother, 13-year-old Alton Williams, decided to spend the day bike riding. However, a last-minute change of plans resulted in Alton staying behind and Jonathan joining Charlie instead. Jennifer, Jonathan's twin sister, also wanted to go along but Jonathan said he did not want a girl tagging along so Milena Sellers, Jonathan's mother, told Jennifer to let the boys enjoy the day and she could go next time; Jennifer rem |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotinylated%20retinoids | Biotinylated retinoids are derivatives of retinol (vitamin A) carrying a biotin group for use in the isolation and purification of Retinol Binding Proteins involved in the visual cycle. The first biotinylated retinoid was synthesized in 2002 and was used in the isolation and characterization of RPE65.
Notes and references
Retinoids |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreans%20in%20Peru | Koreans in Peru (; ) formed Latin America's seventh-largest Korean diaspora community , according to the statistics of South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. They are relatively small in size compared to the other Asian communities in Peru.
Migration history
The first Korean migrant to Peru is believed to have been Park Man-bok, who was invited to Peru to coach the women's national volleyball team in 1972. Under his tutelage, the team would go on to a variety of successes in the 1980s, culminating in the winning of a silver medal for their country at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.
However, few of Park's countrymen joined him in Peru; as late as 1985, there were only nine Korean families resident in the country, totalling 27 individuals. A large portion did not come directly from Korea, but had instead first settled in Bolivia, Paraguay, or Chile. The population began to increase in 1993, as the economic and social situation in Peru stabilised; during the 1990s, roughly two or three new Korean families arrived in Peru every month. However, after 1997, their population fell by nearly 56% from 1,774 to just 788 by 2005, largely due to outward migration to Mexico and Guatemala in 1998 and 1999; some of those who had arrived via Chile also returned there.
By 2011, Peru's Korean population had recovered slightly to 1,305. According to South Korean government statistics, 24 took up Peruvian nationality, 342 stayed in Peru as permanent residents, 30 were internat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic%20partial%20differential%20equation | Stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) generalize partial differential equations via random force terms and coefficients, in the same way ordinary stochastic differential equations generalize ordinary differential equations.
They have relevance to quantum field theory, statistical mechanics, and spatial modeling.
Examples
One of the most studied SPDEs is the stochastic heat equation, which may formally be written as
where is the Laplacian and denotes space-time white noise. Other examples also include stochastic versions of famous linear equations, such as the wave equation and the Schrödinger equation.
Discussion
One difficulty is their lack of regularity. In one dimensional space, solutions to the stochastic heat equation are only almost 1/2-Hölder continuous in space and 1/4-Hölder continuous in time. For dimensions two and higher, solutions are not even function-valued, but can be made sense of as random distributions.
For linear equations, one can usually find a mild solution via semigroup techniques.
However, problems start to appear when considering non-linear equations. For example
where is a polynomial. In this case it is not even clear how one should make sense of the equation. Such an equation will also not have a function-valued solution in dimension larger than one, and hence no pointwise meaning. It is well known that the space of distributions has no product structure. This is the core problem of such a theory. This leads to the need of s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temsirolimus | Temsirolimus, sold under the brand name Torisel, is an intravenous drug for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), developed by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals and approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in May 2007, and was also approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in November 2007. It is a derivative and prodrug of sirolimus.
Mechanism of action
Temsirolimus is a specific inhibitor of mTOR and interferes with the synthesis of proteins that regulate proliferation, growth, and survival of tumor cells. Though temsirolimus shows activity on its own, it is also known to be converted to sirolimus (rapamycin) in vivo; therefore, its activity may be more attributed to its metabolite rather than the prodrug itself (despite claims to the contrary by the manufacturer). Treatment with temsirolimus leads to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, and also inhibits tumor angiogenesis by reducing synthesis of VEGF.
mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) is a kinase enzyme inside the cell that collects and interprets the numerous and varied growth and survival signals received by tumor cells. When the kinase activity of mTOR is activated, its downstream effectors, the synthesis of cell cycle proteins such as cyclin D and hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) are increased. HIF-1a then stimulates VEGF. Whether or not mTOR kinase is activated, determines whether the tumor cell produces key proteins needed for proliferation, growth, survival, and angiogenesis.
mTOR is activ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravec%27s%20paradox | Moravec's paradox is the observation in artificial intelligence and robotics that, contrary to traditional assumptions, reasoning requires very little computation, but sensorimotor and perception skills require enormous computational resources. The principle was articulated by Hans Moravec, Rodney Brooks, Marvin Minsky and others in the 1980s. Moravec wrote in 1988, "it is comparatively easy to make computers exhibit adult level performance on intelligence tests or playing checkers, and difficult or impossible to give them the skills of a one-year-old when it comes to perception and mobility".
Similarly, Minsky emphasized that the most difficult human skills to reverse engineer are those that are below the level of conscious awareness. "In general, we're least aware of what our minds do best", he wrote, and added "we're more aware of simple processes that don't work well than of complex ones that work flawlessly". Steven Pinker wrote in 1994 that "the main lesson of thirty-five years of AI research is that the hard problems are easy and the easy problems are hard."
By the 2020s, in accordance to Moore's law, computers were hundreds of millions of times faster than in the 1970s, and the additional computer power was finally sufficient to begin to handle perception and sensory skills, as Moravec had predicted in 1976. In 2017, leading machine learning researcher Andrew Ng presented a "highly imperfect rule of thumb", that "almost anything a typical human can do with less tha |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-linked%20enzyme%20aggregate | In biochemistry, a cross-linked enzyme aggregate is an immobilized enzyme prepared via cross-linking of the physical enzyme aggregates with a difunctional cross-linker. They can be used as stereoselective industrial biocatalysts.
Background
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze (i.e. accelerate) chemical reactions. They are natural catalysts and are ubiquitous, in plants, animals and microorganisms where they catalyze processes that are vital to living organisms. They are intimately involved in numerous biotechnological processes, such as cheese making, beer brewing and winemaking, that date back to the dawn of civilization. Recent advances in biotechnology, particularly in genetic and protein engineering, and genetics have provided the basis for the efficient development of enzymes with improved properties for established applications and novel, tailor-made enzymes for completely new applications where enzymes were not previously used.
Today, enzymes are widely applied in many different industries and the number of applications continues to increase. Examples include food (baking, dairy products, starch conversion) and beverage (beer, wine, fruit and vegetable juices) processing, animal feed, textiles, pulp and paper, detergents, biosensors, cosmetics, health care and nutrition, waste water treatment, pharmaceutical and chemical manufacture and, more recently, biofuels such as biodiesel. The main driver for the widespread application of enzymes is their small environmental f |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation%20Studio | Automation Studio is a circuit design, simulation and project documentation software for fluid power systems and electrical projects conceived by Famic Technologies Inc. It is used for CAD, maintenance, and training purposes. Mainly used by engineers, trainers, and service and maintenance personnel. Automation Studio can be applied in the design, training and troubleshooting of hydraulics, pneumatics, HMI, and electrical control systems.
Two versions of the software exist:
Automation Studio Professional
Automation Studio Educational
The educational version of Automation Studio is a limited features version used by engineering and technical schools to train students who are future engineers or technicians. The software is designed for schools that teach technical subjects such as industrial technologies, mechatronics, electromechanical technologies, electrical & electronics, automation, and maintenance. Modeling and simulation are used to illustrate theoretical aspects.
Libraries
Automation Studio has various symbol libraries. All libraries follow standards such as ISO, IEC, JIC and NEMA.
Hydraulics
Hydraulic Manifold Block
Pneumatics
Electrical (IEC & NEMA standards)
Fluid Power & Electrical Component Sizing
Valve Spool Designer
OPC communications server
Bill of Materials & Report
PLC Ladder Logic
HMI & Control Panel
Digital Electronics
Sequential Function Chart (GRAFCET)
Electrical Controls
Multi-Fluid Simulation
Teachware
Manufacturer's Catalogue
Workf |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptolydigin | Streptolydigin (Stl) is an antibiotic that works by inhibiting nucleic acid chain elongation by binding to RNA polymerase, thus inhibiting RNA synthesis inside a cell. Streptolydigin inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase, but not eukaryotic RNA polymerase. It has antibacterial activity against a number of Gram positive bacteria.
References
Antibiotics
Spiro compounds
Pyrrolidones
Propionamides |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20Wijngaarden%20transformation | In mathematics and numerical analysis, the van Wijngaarden transformation is a variant on the Euler transform used to accelerate the convergence of an alternating series.
One algorithm to compute Euler's transform runs as follows: Compute a row of partial sums and form rows of averages between neighbors The first column then contains the partial sums of the Euler transform.
Adriaan van Wijngaarden's contribution was to point out that it is better not to carry this procedure through to the very end, but to stop two-thirds of the way. If are available, then is almost always a better approximation to the sum than . In many cases the diagonal terms do not converge in one cycle so process of averaging is to be repeated with diagonal terms by bringing them in a row. (For example, this will be needed in a geometric series with ratio .) This process of successive averaging of the average of partial sum can be replaced by using the formula to calculate the diagonal term.
For a simple-but-concrete example, recall the Leibniz formula for pi The algorithm described above produces the following table:
These correspond to the following algorithmic outputs:
References
See also
Euler summation
Mathematical series
Numerical analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keying%20%28telecommunications%29 | Keying is a family of modulation forms where the modulating signal takes one of a specific (predetermined) number of values at all times. The goal of keying is to transmit a digital signal over an analog channel. The name derives from the Morse code key used for telegraph signaling.
Modulation is the general technique of shaping a signal to convey information. When a digital message has to be represented as an analog waveform, the technique and term keying (or digital modulation) is used. Keying is characterized by the fact that the modulating signal will have a limited number of states (or values) at all times, to represent the corresponding digital states (commonly zero and one, although this might depend on the number of symbols used). This is in contrast to analogue modulation, where an analogue signal is transmitted over an analogue channel, and where the modulated analogue signal will have an infinite number of meaningful states.
Furthermore, note that keying or digital modulation applies to transmitting a digital signal over an analogue passband channel. When a digital signal is to be transmitted over an analogue baseband channel, the modulation technique is termed line coding.
Several keying techniques exist, including phase-shift keying, frequency-shift keying, and amplitude-shift keying. Bluetooth, for example, uses phase-shift keying to exchange information between devices.
An overview of keying techniques is given at .
Radio modulation modes
Telecommunication |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Leicester%20City%20F.C.%20records%20and%20statistics | This article collates key records and statistics relating to Leicester City F.C., including information on honours, player appearances and goals, matches, sequences, internationals, season records, opponents and attendances.
Honours
League
First Division / Premier League (level 1)
Champions: 2015–16
Runners-up: 1928–29
Second Division / First Division / Championship (level 2)
Champions (7, joint record): 1924–25, 1936–37, 1953–54, 1956–57, 1970–71, 1979–80, 2013–14
Runners-up: 1907–08, 2002–03
Play-off winners: 1994, 1996
League One (level 3)
Champions: 2008–09
Cup
FA Cup
Winners: 2020–21
Runners-up: 1948–49, 1960–61, 1962–63, 1968–69
League Cup
Winners: 1963–64, 1996–97, 1999–2000
Runners-up: 1964–65, 1998–99
FA Charity Shield / FA Community Shield
Winners: 1971, 2021
Runners-up: 2016
Appearances
Most appearances
All-time most appearances (Does not include wartime appearances)
Current players in bold.
Most appearances – 600 by Graham Cross (29 April 1961 – 23 August 1975)
Most league appearances – 528 by Adam Black (24 January 1920 – 9 February 1935)
Most appearances in the first tier (Premier League and predecessors) – 414 by Graham Cross
Most appearances in the second tier (Championship and predecessors) – 304 by Mal Griffiths
Most appearances in the third tier (League One and predecessors) – 46 by Matty Fryatt
Most FA Cup appearances – 59 by Graham Cross (8 January 1963 – 24 February 1975)
Most League Cup appearances – 40 by Graham Cross (26 Septe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypts%20of%20Henle | Crypts of Henle are microscopic pockets found in scattered sections of the conjunctiva around the eyeball. They are responsible for secreting mucin, a proteinous substance that makes up the inner layer of tears. It coats the cornea to provide a hydrophilic layer that allows for even distribution of the tear film. The layer of mucin allows tears to glide evenly across the eye's surface. The crypts of Henle are named after German anatomist Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle (1809-1885).
Another anatomical structure called the glands of Manz perform a similar function. They are located in the eyeball's conjunctiva, arranged in a ring around the cornea, near the scleral junction. They also are responsible for secreting mucin into tears.
References
Essay on "Dry Eye"
Crypts of Henle |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban%20warbler | The Cuban warblers are a genus, Teretistris, and family, Teretistridae, of birds endemic to Cuba and its surrounding cays. Until 2002 they were thought to be New World warblers, but DNA studies have shown that they are not closely related to that family. The family consists of two species, the yellow-headed warbler and the Oriente warbler. Both species are found in forest and scrub, with the yellow-headed warbler ranging in the west of the island and the Oriente warbler in the east. The Cuban warblers are long and have similar yellow and grey plumage.
The Cuban warblers are insectivores, with beetles forming a large part of the diet. Small reptiles and fruit are also taken. They feed in bushes and trees, in pairs or in small flocks during the non-breeding season, and are often the nucleus species for mixed-species feeding flocks with other birds, particularly migrants from North America.
Taxonomy
The genus Teretistris was long thought to sit in the New World warbler family Parulidae, until a 2002 study examined 25 genera of New World warbler using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA found that six genera were best placed outside the family, including Teretistris. Five of the genera had long been suspected to not sit comfortably inside Parulidae, but before this study there had never been a suggestion that Teretistris did not belong in the New World warbler family.
A follow-up study published in 2013 supported the separation of the genus from Parulidae but found it difficult to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLF1 | Krueppel-like factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLF1 gene. The gene for KLF1 is on the human chromosome 19 and on mouse chromosome 8. Krueppel-like factor 1 is a transcription factor that is necessary for the proper maturation of erythroid (red blood) cells.
Structure
The molecule has two domains; the transactivation domain and the chromatin-remodeling domain. The carboxyl (C) terminal is composed of three C2H2 zinc fingers that binds to DNA, and the amino (N) terminus is proline rich and acidic.
Function
Studies in mice first demonstrated the critical function of KLF1 in hematopoietic development. KLF1 deficient (knockout) mouse embryos exhibit a lethal anemic phenotype, fail to promote the transcription of adult β-globin, and die by embryonic day 15.
Over-expression of KLF1 results in a reduction of the number of circulating platelets and hastens the onset of the β-globin gene.
KLF1 coordinates the regulation of six cellular pathways that are all essential to terminal erythroid differentiation:
Cell Membrane & Cytoskeleton
Apoptosis
Heme Synthesis & Transport
Cell Cycling
Iron Procurement
Globin Chain Production
It has also been linked to three main processes that are all essential to transcription of the β globin gene:
Chromatin remodeling
Modulation of the gamma to beta globin switch
Transcriptional activation
KLF1 binds specifically to the "CACCC" motif of the β-globin gene promoter. When natural mutations occur in the promoter, β |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A9guet%2017 | The Bréguet 17 was a two-seat biplane fighter developed in France towards the end of World War I and operated by that country during the 1920s.
Design and development
The Bréguet 17 was a derivative of the highly successful 14 bomber, but somewhat scaled down and carrying a more powerful engine and heavier machine gun armament in place of a bomb load. The French Army was impressed enough to place orders for 1,000 of these aircraft during 1918, to be delivered the following year. The end of World War I ended these plans, but some limited production did take place into the early 1920s.
Operational history
The type was operated as the Bre.17C.2 with several escadrilles as a supplement to existing aircraft, but never formed the basis for any one unit on its own. A single example was converted into a prototype night fighter, but no production ensued.
Variants
Bre.17C.2
Main production version.
Bre.17
Night fighter prototype.
Operators
French Army
Specifications
References
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes with negative stagger
1910s French fighter aircraft
0017
Aircraft first flown in 1918 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boettcher%20cell | Boettcher cells are a special cell type located in the inner ear.
Boettcher cells are polyhedral cells on the basilar membrane of the cochlea, and are located beneath Claudius cells. Boettcher cells are considered supporting cells for the organ of Corti, and are present only in the lower turn of the cochlea. These cells interweave with each other, and project microvilli into the intercellular space.
Because of their structural specialization, Boettcher cells are believed to play a significant role in the function of the cochlea. They demonstrate high levels of calmodulin, and may be involved in mediating Ca2+ regulation and ion transport. Boettcher cells are named after German pathologist Arthur Boettcher (1831-1889).
Nitric oxide synthase is detected abundantly in the cytoplasm of their interdigitations. Their ultrastructure suggests that they perform both secretory and absorptive functions. Panx1 expression has been observed.
References
Ear
Auditory system
Human cells
nl:Haarcel |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-endocytosis | Trans-endocytosis is the biological process where material created in one cell undergoes endocytosis (enters) into another cell. If the material is large enough, this can be observed using an electron microscope. Trans-endocytosis from neurons to glia has been observed using time-lapse microscopy.
Trans-endocytosis also applies to molecules. For example, this process is involved when a part of the protein Notch is cleaved off and undergoes endocytosis into its neighboring cell. Without Notch trans-endocytosis, there would be too many neurons in a developing embryo. Trans-endocytosis is also involved in cell movement when the protein ephrin is bound by its receptor from a neighboring cell.
References
Cellular processes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel%20Fortran%20Compiler | Intel Fortran Compiler, as part of Intel OneAPI HPC toolkit, is a group of Fortran compilers from Intel for Windows, macOS, and Linux.
Overview
The compilers generate code for IA-32 and Intel 64 processors and certain non-Intel but compatible processors, such as certain AMD processors. A specific release of the compiler (11.1) remains available for development of Linux-based applications for IA-64 (Itanium 2) processors. On Windows, it is known as Intel Visual Fortran. On macOS and Linux, it is known as Intel Fortran. In 2020 the existing compiler was renamed “Intel Fortran Compiler Classic” (ifort) and a new Intel Fortran Compiler for oneAPI (ifx) supporting GPU offload was introduced.
The 2021 release of the Classic compiler adds full Fortran support through the 2018 standard, full OpenMP* 4.5, and Initial Open MP 5.1 for CPU only. The 2021 beta compiler focuses on OpenMP for GPU Offload. When used with the Intel OneAPI HPC toolkit (see the "Description of Packaging" below) the compiler can also automatically generate Message Passing Interface calls for distributed memory multiprocessing from OpenMP directives.
For more information on Fortran standards, a number or resources are available, such as the Wikipedia Fortran entry or the Fortran wiki page.
The Intel Fortran package included the Intel Array Visualizer, a visualization tool for scientific formats such as FITS and netCDF, which can produce x-y plots, contour plots, and image plots, and save them to other formats |
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