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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average | In ordinary language, an average is a single number or value that best represents a set of data. The type of average taken as most typically representative of a list of numbers, is the arithmetic mean - the sum of the numbers divided by how many numbers are in the list. For example, the mean average of the numbers 2, 3... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%208514 | IBM 8514 is a graphics card manufactured by IBM and introduced with the IBM PS/2 line of personal computers in 1987. It supports a display resolution of pixels with 256 colors at 43.5 Hz (interlaced), or at 60 Hz (non-interlaced). 8514 usually refers to the display controller hardware (such as the 8514/A display ada... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self%20%28programming%20language%29 | Self is an object-oriented programming language based on the concept of prototypes. Self began as a dialect of Smalltalk, being dynamically typed and using just-in-time compilation (JIT) as well as the prototype-based approach to objects: it was first used as an experimental test system for language design in the 1980s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benthos | Benthos (), also known as benthon, is the community of organisms that live on, in, or near the bottom of a sea, river, lake, or stream, also known as the benthic zone. This community lives in or near marine or freshwater sedimentary environments, from tidal pools along the foreshore, out to the continental shelf, and t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8-bit%20clean | 8-bit clean is an attribute of computer systems, communication channels, and other devices and software, that process 8-bit character encodings without treating any byte as an in-band control code.
History
Until the early 1990s, many programs and data transmission channels were character-oriented and treated some cha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiogenesis | Symbiogenesis (endosymbiotic theory, or serial endosymbiotic theory) is the leading evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms. The theory holds that mitochondria, plastids such as chloroplasts, and possibly other organelles of eukaryotic cells are descended from formerly free-livi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archie%20%28search%20engine%29 | Archie is a tool for indexing FTP archives, allowing users to more easily identify specific files. It is considered the first Internet search engine. The original implementation was written in 1990 by Alan Emtage, then a postgraduate student at McGill University in Montreal, Canada.
Archie was superseded by other, mor... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application%20binary%20interface | In computer software, an application binary interface (ABI) is an interface between two binary program modules. Often, one of these modules is a library or operating system facility, and the other is a program that is being run by a user.
An ABI defines how data structures or computational routines are accessed in mac... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented%20Backus%E2%80%93Naur%20form | In computer science, augmented Backus–Naur form (ABNF) is a metalanguage based on Backus–Naur form (BNF), but consisting of its own syntax and derivation rules. The motive principle for ABNF is to describe a formal system of a language to be used as a bidirectional communications protocol. It is defined by Internet Sta... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating%20bit%20protocol | Alternating bit protocol (ABP) is a simple network protocol operating at the data link layer (OSI layer 2) that retransmits lost or corrupted messages using FIFO semantics. It can be seen as a special case of a sliding window protocol where a simple timer restricts the order of messages to ensure receivers send message... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic%20baud%20rate%20detection | Automatic baud rate detection (ABR, autobaud) refers to the process by which a receiving device (such as a modem) determines the speed, code level, start bit, and stop bits of incoming data by examining the first character, usually a preselected sign-on character (syncword) on a UART connection. ABR allows the receivin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abscissa%20and%20ordinate | In common usage, the abscissa refers to the (x) coordinate and the ordinate refers to the (y) coordinate of a standard two-dimensional graph.
The distance of a point from the y-axis, scaled with the x-axis, is called the abscissa or x coordinate of the point. The distance of a point from the x-axis scaled with the y... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract%20interpretation | In computer science, abstract interpretation is a theory of sound approximation of the semantics of computer programs, based on monotonic functions over ordered sets, especially lattices. It can be viewed as a partial execution of a computer program which gains information about its semantics (e.g., control-flow, data-... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction%20%28computer%20science%29 | In software engineering and computer science, abstraction is the process of generalizing concrete details, such as attributes, away from the study of objects and systems to focus attention on details of greater importance. Abstraction is a fundamental concept in computer science and software engineering, especially wit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract%20machine | In computer science, an abstract machine is a theoretical model that allows for a detailed and precise analysis of how a computer system functions. It is similar to a mathematical function in that it receives inputs and produces outputs based on predefined rules. Abstract machines vary from literal machines in that the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrot%20virtual%20machine | Parrot was a register-based process virtual machine designed to run dynamic languages efficiently. It is possible to compile Parrot assembly language and Parrot intermediate representation (PIR, an intermediate language) to Parrot bytecode and execute it. Parrot is free and open-source software.
Parrot was started by ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique%20factorization%20domain | In mathematics, a unique factorization domain (UFD) (also sometimes called a factorial ring following the terminology of Bourbaki) is a ring in which a statement analogous to the fundamental theorem of arithmetic holds. Specifically, a UFD is an integral domain (a nontrivial commutative ring in which the product of any... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetarium | A planetarium (: planetariums or planetaria) is a theatre built primarily for presenting educational and entertaining shows about astronomy and the night sky, or for training in celestial navigation.
A dominant feature of most planetariums is the large dome-shaped projection screen onto which scenes of stars, planets,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM%20architecture%20family | ARM (stylised in lowercase as arm, formerly an acronym for Advanced RISC Machines and originally Acorn RISC Machine) is a family of RISC instruction set architectures (ISAs) for computer processors. Arm Ltd. develops the ISAs and licenses them to other companies, who build the physical devices that use the instruction ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifier | A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The reverse operation (converting DC to AC) is performed by an inverter.
The process is known as rectification, since it "straightens" the direct... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20Instruction%20Set | Visual Instruction Set, or VIS, is a SIMD instruction set extension for SPARC V9 microprocessors developed by Sun Microsystems. There are five versions of VIS: VIS 1, VIS 2, VIS 2+, VIS 3 and VIS 4.
History
VIS 1 was introduced in 1994 and was first implemented by Sun in their UltraSPARC microprocessor (1995) and by ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode | A barcode or bar code is a method of representing data in a visual, machine-readable form. Initially, barcodes represented data by varying the widths, spacings and sizes of parallel lines. These barcodes, now commonly referred to as linear or one-dimensional (1D), can be scanned by special optical scanners, called barc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skene%27s%20gland | In female human anatomy, Skene's glands or the Skene glands ( , also known as the lesser vestibular glands, paraurethral glands) are glands located around the lower end of the urethra. The glands are surrounded by tissue that swells with blood during sexual arousal, and secrete a fluid from openings near the urethra, p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PureBasic | PureBasic is a commercially distributed procedural computer programming language and integrated development environment based on BASIC and developed by Fantaisie Software for Windows, Linux, and macOS. An Amiga version is available, although it has been discontinued and some parts of it are released as open-source. The... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20801 | The 801 was an experimental central processing unit (CPU) design developed by IBM during the 1970s. It is considered to be the first modern RISC design, relying on processor registers for all computations and eliminating the many variant addressing modes found in CISC designs. Originally developed as the processor for ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime%20element | In mathematics, specifically in abstract algebra, a prime element of a commutative ring is an object satisfying certain properties similar to the prime numbers in the integers and to irreducible polynomials. Care should be taken to distinguish prime elements from irreducible elements, a concept which is the same in UFD... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreducible%20element | In algebra, an irreducible element of an integral domain is a non-zero element that is not invertible (that is, is not a unit), and is not the product of two non-invertible elements.
The irreducible elements are the terminal elements of a factorization process; that is, they are the factors that cannot be further fact... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simputer | The Simputer was a self-contained, open hardware Linux-based handheld computer, first released in 2002. Developed in, and primarily distributed within India, the product was envisioned as a low-cost alternative to personal computers. With initial goals of selling 50,000 simputers, the project had sold only about 4,000 ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curvature | In mathematics, curvature is any of several strongly related concepts in geometry. Intuitively, the curvature is the amount by which a curve deviates from being a straight line, or a surface deviates from being a plane.
For curves, the canonical example is that of a circle, which has a curvature equal to the reciproca... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov%20chain | A Markov chain or Markov process is a stochastic model describing a sequence of possible events in which the probability of each event depends only on the state attained in the previous event. Informally, this may be thought of as, "What happens next depends only on the state of affairs now." A countably infinite seque... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skull%20crucible | The skull crucible process was developed at the Lebedev Physical Institute in Moscow to manufacture cubic zirconia. It was invented to solve the problem of cubic zirconia's melting-point being too high for even platinum crucibles.
In essence, by heating only the center of a volume of cubic zirconia, the material forms... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveying | Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the terrestrial two-dimensional or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them. A land surveying professional is called a land surveyor. These points are usually on the surface of the Earth, and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stigmergy | Stigmergy ( ) is a mechanism of indirect coordination, through the environment, between agents or actions. The principle is that the trace left in the environment by an individual action stimulates the performance of a succeeding action by the same or different agent. Agents that respond to traces in the environment re... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20Visual%20Interface | Digital Visual Interface (DVI) is a video display interface developed by the Digital Display Working Group (DDWG). The digital interface is used to connect a video source, such as a video display controller, to a display device, such as a computer monitor. It was developed with the intention of creating an industry s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency%20induction | For the common use of RF induction process of heating a metal object by electromagnetic induction, see induction heating
Radio-frequency induction (RF induction) is the use of a radio frequency magnetic field to transfer energy by means of electromagnetic induction in the near field. A radio-frequency alternating curr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototype-based%20programming | Prototype-based programming is a style of object-oriented programming in which behaviour reuse (known as inheritance) is performed via a process of reusing existing objects that serve as prototypes. This model can also be known as prototypal, prototype-oriented, classless, or instance-based programming.
Prototype-base... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West | West is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east and is the direction in which the Sun sets on the Earth.
Etymology
The word "west" is a Germanic word passed into some Romance languages (ouest in French, oest in Catalan, ovest in Italian, oeste in Spanish and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East | East is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from west and is the direction from which the Sun rises on the Earth.
Etymology
As in other languages, the word is formed from the fact that east is the direction where the Sun rises: east comes from Middle English est, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load%20balancing%20%28computing%29 | In computing, load balancing is the process of distributing a set of tasks over a set of resources (computing units), with the aim of making their overall processing more efficient. Load balancing can optimize the response time and avoid unevenly overloading some compute nodes while other compute nodes are left idle.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote%20concentrator | In modern telephony a remote concentrator, remote concentrator unit (RCU), or remote line concentrator (RLC) is a concentrator at the lowest level in the telephone switch hierarchy.
Subscribers' analogue telephone/PSTN lines are terminated on concentrators. They have three main functions:
Digitize: convert voice (and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmitter | In electronics and telecommunications, a radio transmitter or just transmitter is an electronic device which produces radio waves with an antenna. The transmitter itself generates a radio frequency alternating current, which is applied to the antenna. When excited by this alternating current, the antenna radiates radio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externality | In economics, an externality or external cost is an indirect cost or benefit to an uninvolved third party that arises as an effect of another party's (or parties') activity. Externalities can be considered as unpriced goods involved in either consumer or producer market transactions. Air pollution from motor vehicles i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent%20series | In mathematics, the Laurent series of a complex function is a representation of that function as a power series which includes terms of negative degree. It may be used to express complex functions in cases where a Taylor series expansion cannot be applied. The Laurent series was named after and first published by Pier... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spintronics | Spintronics (a portmanteau meaning spin transport electronics), also known as spin electronics, is the study of the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment, in addition to its fundamental electronic charge, in solid-state devices. The field of spintronics concerns spin-charge coupling in metal... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial%20artificial%20chromosome | A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) is a DNA construct, based on a functional fertility plasmid (or F-plasmid), used for transforming and cloning in bacteria, usually E. coli. F-plasmids play a crucial role because they contain partition genes that promote the even distribution of plasmids after bacterial cell div... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary%20power%20unit | An auxiliary power unit (APU) is a device on a vehicle that provides energy for functions other than propulsion. They are commonly found on large aircraft and naval ships as well as some large land vehicles. Aircraft APUs generally produce 115 V AC voltage at 400 Hz (rather than 50/60 Hz in mains supply), to run the el... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic%20speed | Supersonic speed is the speed of an object that exceeds the speed of sound (Mach 1). For objects traveling in dry air of a temperature of 20 °C (68 °F) at sea level, this speed is approximately . Speeds greater than five times the speed of sound (Mach 5) are often referred to as hypersonic. Flights during which only so... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unisys | Unisys Corporation is an American multinational information technology (IT) services and consulting company founded in 1986 and headquartered in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania. The company provides digital workplace, cloud applications & infrastructure, enterprise computing, business process, AI technology and data analytics ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathodoluminescence | Cathodoluminescence is an optical and electromagnetic phenomenon in which electrons impacting on a luminescent material such as a phosphor, cause the emission of photons which may have wavelengths in the visible spectrum. A familiar example is the generation of light by an electron beam scanning the phosphor-coated inn... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition | Addition (usually signified by the plus symbol ) is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic, the other three being subtraction, multiplication and division. The addition of two whole numbers results in the total amount or sum of those values combined. The example in the adjacent image shows two columns of three ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutative%20ring | In mathematics, a commutative ring is a ring in which the multiplication operation is commutative. The study of commutative rings is called commutative algebra. Complementarily, noncommutative algebra is the study of ring properties that are not specific to commutative rings. This distinction results from the high numb... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent%20polynomial | In mathematics, a Laurent polynomial (named
after Pierre Alphonse Laurent) in one variable over a field is a linear combination of positive and negative powers of the variable with coefficients in . Laurent polynomials in X form a ring denoted . They differ from ordinary polynomials in that they may have terms of nega... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boy%27s%20surface | In geometry, Boy's surface is an immersion of the real projective plane in 3-dimensional space found by Werner Boy in 1901. He discovered it on assignment from David Hilbert to prove that the projective plane could not be immersed in 3-space.
Boy's surface was first parametrized explicitly by Bernard Morin in 1978. A... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20ratio%20base | Golden ratio base is a non-integer positional numeral system that uses the golden ratio (the irrational number ≈ 1.61803399 symbolized by the Greek letter φ) as its base. It is sometimes referred to as base-φ, golden mean base, phi-base, or, colloquially, phinary. Any non-negative real number can be represented as a b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokenization%20%28data%20security%29 | Tokenization, when applied to data security, is the process of substituting a sensitive data element with a non-sensitive equivalent, referred to as a token, that has no intrinsic or exploitable meaning or value. The token is a reference (i.e. identifier) that maps back to the sensitive data through a tokenization syst... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius%20of%20convergence | In mathematics, the radius of convergence of a power series is the radius of the largest disk at the center of the series in which the series converges. It is either a non-negative real number or . When it is positive, the power series converges absolutely and uniformly on compact sets inside the open disk of radius ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute%20convergence | In mathematics, an infinite series of numbers is said to converge absolutely (or to be absolutely convergent) if the sum of the absolute values of the summands is finite. More precisely, a real or complex series is said to converge absolutely if for some real number Similarly, an improper integral of a function, i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedean%20spiral | The Archimedean spiral (also known as the arithmetic spiral) is a spiral named after the 3rd-century BC Greek mathematician Archimedes. It is the locus corresponding to the locations over time of a point moving away from a fixed point with a constant speed along a line that rotates with constant angular velocity. Equiv... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20resistivity%20and%20conductivity | Electrical resistivity (also called volume resistivity or specific electrical resistance) is a fundamental specific property of a material that measures its electrical resistance or how strongly it resists electric current. A low resistivity indicates a material that readily allows electric current. Resistivity is comm... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access-control%20list | In computer security, an access-control list (ACL) is a list of permissions associated with a system resource (object or facility). An ACL specifies which users or system processes are granted access to resources, as well as what operations are allowed on given resources. Each entry in a typical ACL specifies a subject... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scriptio%20continua | Scriptio continua (Latin for "continuous script"), also known as scriptura continua or scripta continua, is a style of writing without spaces or other marks between the words or sentences. The form also lacks punctuation, diacritics, or distinguished letter case.
In the West, the oldest Greek and Latin inscriptions us... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeXT%20Computer | NeXT Computer (also called the NeXT Computer System) is a workstation computer that was developed, marketed, and sold by NeXT Inc. It was introduced in October 1988 as the company's first and flagship product, at a price of , aimed at the higher-education market. It was designed around the Motorola 68030 CPU and 68882 ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghostscript | Ghostscript is a suite of software based on an interpreter for Adobe Systems' PostScript and Portable Document Format (PDF) page description languages. Its main purposes are the rasterization or rendering of such page description language files, for the display or printing of document pages, and the conversion between ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Milnor | John Willard Milnor (born February 20, 1931) is an American mathematician known for his work in differential topology, algebraic K-theory and low-dimensional holomorphic dynamical systems. Milnor is a distinguished professor at Stony Brook University and one of the five mathematicians to have won the Fields Medal, the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars%20Ahlfors | Lars Valerian Ahlfors (18 April 1907 – 11 October 1996) was a Finnish mathematician, remembered for his work in the field of Riemann surfaces and his textbook on complex analysis.
Background
Ahlfors was born in Helsinki, Finland. His mother, Sievä Helander, died at his birth. His father, Axel Ahlfors, was a professor ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC%20Card | PC Card is a parallel peripheral interface for laptop computers and PDAs.
The Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) originally introduced the 16-bit ISA-based PCMCIA Card in 1990, but renamed it to PC Card in March 1995 to avoid confusion with the name of the organization. The CardBus PC Car... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genera%20%28operating%20system%29 | Genera is a commercial operating system and integrated development environment for Lisp machines created by Symbolics. It is essentially a fork of an earlier operating system originating on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) AI Lab's Lisp machines which Symbolics had used in common with Lisp Machines, Inc.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venn%20diagram | A Venn diagram is a widely used diagram style that shows the logical relation between sets, popularized by John Venn (1834–1923) in the 1880s. The diagrams are used to teach elementary set theory, and to illustrate simple set relationships in probability, logic, statistics, linguistics and computer science. A Venn diag... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrub | A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple stems and shorter height, less than tall. Small shrubs, le... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner%20automorphism | In abstract algebra an inner automorphism is an automorphism of a group, ring, or algebra given by the conjugation action of a fixed element, called the conjugating element. They can be realized via simple operations from within the group itself, hence the adjective "inner". These inner automorphisms form a subgroup of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trombe%20wall | A Trombe wall is a massive equator-facing wall that is painted a dark color in order to absorb thermal energy from incident sunlight and covered with a glass on the outside with an insulating air-gap between the wall and the glaze. A Trombe wall is a passive solar building design strategy that adopts the concept of ind... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genus%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, genus (: genera) has a few different, but closely related, meanings. Intuitively, the genus is the number of "holes" of a surface. A sphere has genus 0, while a torus has genus 1.
Topology
Orientable surfaces
The genus of a connected, orientable surface is an integer representing the maximum number o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannin | Tannins (or tannoids) are a class of astringent, polyphenolic biomolecules that bind to and precipitate proteins and various other organic compounds including amino acids and alkaloids.
The term tannin (from Anglo-Norman tanner, from Medieval Latin tannāre, from tannum, oak bark) refers to the use of oak and other bar... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs.%20Miniver%27s%20problem | Mrs. Miniver's problem is a geometry problem about the area of circles. It asks how to place two circles and of given radii in such a way that the lens formed by intersecting their two interiors has equal area to the symmetric difference of and (the area contained in one but not both circles). It was named for an a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cher%20Ami | Cher Ami (French for "dear friend", in the masculine) was a male homing pigeon who had been donated by the pigeon fanciers of Britain for use by the U.S. Army Signal Corps in France during World War I and had been trained by American pigeoners. He is famous for delivering a message from an encircled battalion despite s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custard | Custard is a variety of culinary preparations based on sweetened milk, cheese, or cream cooked with egg or egg yolk to thicken it, and sometimes also flour, corn starch, or gelatin. Depending on the recipe, custard may vary in consistency from a thin pouring sauce (crème anglaise) to the thick pastry cream (crème pâtis... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backus%E2%80%93Naur%20form | In computer science, Backus–Naur form () or Backus normal form (BNF) is a metasyntax notation for context-free grammars, often used to describe the syntax of languages used in computing, such as computer programming languages, document formats, instruction sets and communication protocols. It is applied wherever exact ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monosodium%20glutamate | Monosodium glutamate (MSG), also known as sodium glutamate, is the sodium salt of glutamic acid. MSG is found naturally in some foods including tomatoes and cheese in this glutamic acid form. MSG is used in cooking as a flavor enhancer with an umami taste that intensifies the meaty, savory flavor of food, as natural... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSX-11 | RSX-11 is a discontinued family of multi-user real-time operating systems for PDP-11 computers created by Digital Equipment Corporation. In widespread use through the late 1970s and early 1980s, RSX-11 was influential in the development of later operating systems such as VMS and Windows NT.
As the original Real-Time S... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan%27s%20conjecture | Catalan's conjecture (or Mihăilescu's theorem) is a theorem in number theory that was conjectured by the mathematician Eugène Charles Catalan in 1844 and proven in 2002 by Preda Mihăilescu at Paderborn University. The integers 23 and 32 are two perfect powers (that is, powers of exponent higher than one) of natural nu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langmuir%20probe | A Langmuir probe is a device used to determine the electron temperature, electron density, and electric potential of a plasma. It works by inserting one or more electrodes into a plasma, with a constant or time-varying electric potential between the various electrodes or between them and the surrounding vessel. The mea... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20pharmaceutical%20companies | This listing is limited to those independent companies and subsidiaries notable enough to have their own articles in Wikipedia. Both going concerns and defunct firms are included, as well as firms that were part of the pharmaceutical industry at some time in their existence. Included here are companies engaged not only... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tier%201%20network | A Tier 1 network is an Internet Protocol (IP) network that can reach every other network on the Internet solely via settlement-free interconnection (also known as settlement-free peering). Tier 1 networks can exchange traffic with other Tier 1 networks without paying any fees for the exchange of traffic in either direc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCADA | Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) is a control system architecture comprising computers, networked data communications and graphical user interfaces for high-level supervision of machines and processes. It also covers sensors and other devices, such as programmable logic controllers, which interface with... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V5%20interface | V5 is a family of telephone network protocols defined by ETSI which allow communications between the telephone exchange, also known in the specifications as the local exchange (LE), and the local loop. With potentially thousands of subscribers connected to the LE there is the problem of physically managing thousands o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami | Umami ( from ), or savoriness, is one of the five basic tastes. It has been described as savory and is characteristic of broths and cooked meats.
People taste umami through taste receptors that typically respond to glutamates and nucleotides, which are widely present in meat broths and fermented products. Glutamates... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20level | Mean sea level (MSL, often shortened to sea level) is an average surface level of one or more among Earth's coastal bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured. The global MSL is a type of vertical datuma standardised geodetic datumthat is used, for example, as a chart datum in cartography and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event-driven%20programming | In computer programming, event-driven programming is a programming paradigm in which the flow of the program is determined by events such as user actions from mice, keyboards, touchpads and touchscreens. Non-user initiated events can involve sensor inputs, or be programmatically generated (message passing) from other p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector%20field | In vector calculus and physics, a vector field is an assignment of a vector to each point in a space, most commonly Euclidean space . A vector field on a plane can be visualized as a collection of arrows with given magnitudes and directions, each attached to a point on the plane. Vector fields are often used to model,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defensive%20programming | Defensive programming is a form of defensive design intended to develop programs that are capable of detecting potential security abnormalities and make predetermined responses. It ensures the continuing function of a piece of software under unforeseen circumstances. Defensive programming practices are often used where... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse%20Address%20Resolution%20Protocol | The Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) is an obsolete computer communication protocol used by a client computer to request its Internet Protocol (IPv4) address from a computer network, when all it has available is its link layer or hardware address, such as a MAC address. The client broadcasts the request and d... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finger%20%28protocol%29 | In computer networking, the Name/Finger protocol and the Finger user information protocol are simple network protocols for the exchange of human-oriented status and user information.
Name/Finger protocol
The Name/Finger protocol is based on Request for Comments document RFC 742 (December 1977) as an interface to the n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternary%20numeral%20system | A ternary numeral system (also called base 3 or trinary) has three as its base. Analogous to a bit, a ternary digit is a trit (trinary digit). One trit is equivalent to log2 3 (about 1.58496) bits of information.
Although ternary most often refers to a system in which the three digits are all non–negative numbers; sp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf%20of%20Tonkin%20incident | The Gulf of Tonkin incident () was an international confrontation that led to the United States engaging more directly in the Vietnam War. It consisted of a confrontation on August 2, 1964, when United States forces were carrying out covert operations close to North Vietnamese territorial waters and North Vietnamese fo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturnality | Nocturnality is a behavior in some non-human animals characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is "nocturnal", versus diurnal meaning the opposite.
Nocturnal creatures generally have highly developed senses of hearing, smell, and specially adapted eyesight. Some a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorn%20Archimedes | Acorn Archimedes is a family of personal computers designed by Acorn Computers of Cambridge, England. The systems are based on Acorn's own ARM architecture processors and the proprietary operating systems Arthur and RISC OS. The first models were introduced in 1987, and systems in the Archimedes family were sold until ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Present%20value | In economics and finance, present value (PV), also known as present discounted value, is the value of an expected income stream determined as of the date of valuation. The present value is usually less than the future value because money has interest-earning potential, a characteristic referred to as the time value of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20symbol | Chemical symbols are the abbreviations used in chemistry for chemical elements, functional groups and chemical compounds. Element symbols for chemical elements normally consist of one or two letters from the Latin alphabet and are written with the first letter capitalised.
History
Earlier symbols for chemical elements... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial%20economics | Financial economics is the branch of economics characterized by a "concentration on monetary activities", in which "money of one type or another is likely to appear on both sides of a trade".
Its concern is thus the interrelation of financial variables, such as share prices, interest rates and exchange rates, as oppos... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG%202000 | JPEG 2000 (JP2) is an image compression standard and coding system. It was developed from 1997 to 2000 by a Joint Photographic Experts Group committee chaired by Touradj Ebrahimi (later the JPEG president), with the intention of superseding their original JPEG standard (created in 1992), which is based on a discrete co... |
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