source stringlengths 31 203 | text stringlengths 28 2k |
|---|---|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem%20Player | The Stem Player is an audio remix device and music streaming platform developed by British technology company Kano Computing in collaboration with American artist Kanye West. The device was launched in August 2021 in conjunction with the release of West's 10th studio album Donda.
The Stem Player has four touch-sensitive haptic sliders that adjust individual stems for tracks, and six hardware buttons for volume and effects. The device's service uses artificial intelligence to split tracks into four stems (sometimes isolated vocals, bass, and drums) with each track being able to be manipulated using a front slider. Users can add tracks to the device by uploading an audio file to the device through an official online web application.
In February 2022, West made an announcement that he would begin releasing music exclusively to the device, commencing with his album Donda 2 that month.
History
In January 2019, following an encounter within the company's booth at CES Technology Show in Las Vegas, West met company CEO Alex Klein and invited him over to his Calabasas home for breakfast. In a 2019 interview with journalist Zane Lowe for Apple Music, West confirmed he was working on developing a portable stem player.
On 25 August 2021, the Stem Player launched for pre-sale with the initial name of "Donda Stem Player". The device began shipping to purchasers in October that year, pre-loaded with three tracks not available on streaming platforms, including "Life of the Party" and other remixes that appeared on the Donda album.
As of February 2022, sixteen tracks from Donda 2 are available for the player.
In January 2023, in light of West’s antisemitic remarks, Kano announced that their collaboration with West has ended, and that the Donda Stem Player would be discontinued after they sold through the remaining stock of 5,000 units. At the same time, Kano announced a new variant of the Stem Player developed in collaboration with Ghostface Killah that would not include Dond |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysprosium%20phosphide | Dysprosium phosphide is an inorganic compound of dysprosium and phosphorus with the chemical formula DyP.
Synthesis
The compound can be obtained by the reaction of phosphorus and dysprosium at high temperature.
4 Dy + P4 → 4 DyP
Physical properties
DyP has a NaCl structure (a=5.653 Å), where dysprosium is +3 valence. Its band gap is 1.15 eV, and the Hall mobility (μH) is 8.5 cm3/V·s.
DyP forms crystals of a cubic system, space group Fm3m.
Uses
The compound is a semiconductor used in high power, high frequency applications and in laser diodes.
References
Phosphides
Dysprosium compounds
Semiconductors
Rock salt crystal structure |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCIR%20System%20E | CCIR System E is an analog broadcast television system used in France and Monaco, associated with monochrome 819-line high resolution broadcasts. Transmissions started in 1949 and ended in 1985.
System E specifications
Some of the important specs are listed below:
Frame rate: 25 Hz
Interlace: 2/1
Field rate: 50 Hz
Lines/frame: 819
Line rate: 20475 Hz
Visual bandwidth: 10 MHz
Vision modulation: Positive
Preemphasis: none
Sound modulation: AM
Sound offset: +11.15 MHz on odd numbered channels, -11.15 MHz on even numbered channels
Channel bandwidth: 14 MHz
System E implementation provided very good (near HDTV) picture quality but with an uneconomical use of bandwidth. With the usual additions of sound carrier and vestigial sideband the result was a combined signal that demanded approximately two to three times the bandwidth of more moderately specified standards, even when colour was added to them (as the color subcarrier resides within the Luma signal space).
For this reason, France gradually abandoned it in favor of the 625-lines standard, implementing System L with SECAM color.
The final 819-line transmissions in Metropolitan France took place in Paris, from the Eiffel Tower, on 19 July 1983. TMC in Monaco were the last broadcasters to transmit 819-line television, closing down their System E transmitter in 1985.
Television channels were arranged as follows:
System F
CCIR System F was an adaptation of System E used in Belgium (1953, RTB) and Luxembourg (1955, Télé Luxembourg). With only half the vision bandwidth and approximately half the sound carrier offset, it allowed French 819-line programming to squeeze into the 7 MHz VHF broadcast channels used in those neighboring countries, albeit with a substantial loss of horizontal resolution. Use of System F was discontinued in Belgium in February 1968, and in Luxembourg in September 1971.
Some of the important specs are listed below:
Frame rate: 25 Hz
Interlace: 2/1
Field rate: 50 Hz
Lines/frame: |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCIR%20System%20N | CCIR System N is an analog broadcast television system introduced in 1951 and adopted by Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay (since 1980), paired with the PAL color system (PAL-N). It was also used briefly in Brazil and Venezuela.
It employs the 625 line/50 field per second waveform of PAL-B/G, D/K, H, and I, but on a 6 MHz channel with a chrominance subcarrier frequency of 3.582056 MHz (very similar to NTSC). On the studio production level, standard PAL cameras and equipment were used, with the signal then transcoded to PAL-N for broadcast. This allows 625-line, 50-frame/s video to be broadcast in a 6-MHz channel, at some cost in horizontal resolution.
Specifications
The general System N specifications are listed below.
Frame rate: 25 Hz
Interlace: 2/1
Field rate: 50 Hz
Lines/frame: 625
Line rate: 15625 Hz
Visual bandwidth: 4.2 MHz
Vision modulation: Negative
Preemphasis: 75 μs
Sound modulation: FM
Sound offset: +4.5 MHz
Channel bandwidth: 6 MHz
See also
PAL
PAL-N
Broadcast television systems
Multichannel television sound
Pan-American television frequencies
Notes and references
External links
World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms
Fernsehnormen aller Staaten und Gebiete der Welt
ITU-R recommendations
Television technology
N, System
Broadcast engineering
CCIR System |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCIR%20System%20L | CCIR System L is an analog broadcast television system used in France, Luxembourg, Monaco and Chausey. It was the last system to use positive video modulation and AM sound.
Initially adopted in the 1970s and associated with the SECAM color system (SECAM-L), it was discontinued in 2011, when France transitioned to Digital Video Broadcasting.
Specifications
The main System L specifications are listed below.
Frame rate: 25 Hz
Interlace: 2/1
Field rate: 50 Hz
Lines/frame: 625
Line rate: 15625 Hz
Visual bandwidth: 6 MHz
Vision modulation: Positive
Sound modulation: AM
Sound offset: -6.5 MHz
Channel bandwidth: 8 MHz
Television channels were arranged as follows:
See also
Broadcast television systems
Television transmitter
Transposer
Notes and references
External links
ITU, Characteristics of television systems
World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms
Fernsehnormen aller Staaten und Gebiete der Welt
ITU-R recommendations
Television technology
L, System
Broadcast engineering
CCIR System |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCIR%20System%20K | CCIR System K is an analog broadcast television system used in countries that adopted CCIR System D on VHF, and in Benin, Guinea, Republic of the Congo, Togo, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Madagascar, Mali, Nigeria, Réunion, Rwanda, Chad, Central African Republic, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Pierre and Miquelon and French Guiana.
It is identical System D in most respects. Used only for UHF frequencies, its paired with SECAM or PAL color systems.
Specifications
Some of the important specs are listed below.
Frame rate: 25 Hz
Interlace: 2/1
Field rate: 50 Hz
Lines/frame: 625
Line rate: 15625 Hz
Visual bandwidth: 6 MHz
Vision modulation: Negative
Preemphasis: 50 μs
Sound modulation: FM
Sound offset: +6.5 MHz
Channel bandwidth: 8 MHz
Television channels were arranged as follows:
System K1
French overseas departments and territories used a variation named System K1 for broadcast in VHF. UHF channels were similar to K.
See also
Broadcast television systems
Television transmitter
Transposer
Notes and references
External links
World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms
Fernsehnormen aller Staaten und Gebiete der Welt
ITU-R recommendations
Television technology
Video formats
Broadcast engineering
CCIR System |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCIR%20System%20D | CCIR System D is an analog broadcast television system used in Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Albania and the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan, North Korea, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus paired with the PAL/SECAM colour.
Initially known as the I.B.T.O. 625-line system this was the first 625-line system, developed by Mark Iosifovich Krivosheev in 1948, and later associated with the SECAM and PAL color systems. Used on VHF only in most countries, it usually combined with System K on UHF. In China, it is used for both VHF and UHF.
Specifications
The general specifications for System D are listed below:
Frame rate: 25 Hz
Interlace: 2/1
Field rate: 50 Hz
Lines/frame: 625
Line rate: 15625 Hz
Visual bandwidth: 6 MHz
Vision modulation: Negative
Preemphasis: 50 μs
Sound modulation: FM
Sound offset: +6.5 MHz
Channel bandwidth: 8 MHz
Television channels were arranged as follows:
The original assignments of channels 25 to 57 were 2 MHz higher in frequency until c.1984. Channels 58 to 62 were deleted at this time.
See also
Broadcast television systems
Television transmitter
Transposer
References
External links
ITU, Characteristics of television systems
World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms
ITU-R recommendations
Television technology
D, System
Broadcast engineering
CCIR System
Television in the Soviet Union |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NWA%20All%20Access | NWA All Access was a professional wrestling streaming package offered by the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) distributed by FITE TV. Launched in January 2022, as part an expanded partnership between the NWA and FITE, All Access includes past and upcoming pay-per-view events, premiere episodes of NWA Power, and the Lightning One-era library of NWA television and documentary series. As of the January 3, 2023 the NWA started to phase out the All Access streaming service on FITE with the return of weekly airings of NWA Powerrr to YouTube on Tuesday nights.
Programming
All NWA pay-per-view events.
Premiere episodes NWA Powerrr, the promotion's flagship show.
All episodes of NWA television series, including NWA USA.
Ten Pounds of Gold, a documentary series chronicling the journey and career of the current NWA Worlds Heavyweight Champion as well as others in the division.
See also
List of professional wrestling streaming services
References
National Wrestling Alliance
2022 establishments in the United States
Internet properties established in 2022
Internet television channels
Subscription video streaming services
Professional wrestling streaming services
Streaming media systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCIR%20System%20C | CCIR System C (originally known as the Belgian 625-line system) is an analog broadcast television system used between 1953 and 1978 in Belgium, Italy, Netherlands and Luxembourg as a compromise between Systems B and L. Used on VHF only.
Specifications
Some of the important specifications for System C are listed below:
Frame rate: 25 Hz
Interlace: 2/1
Field rate: 50 Hz
Lines/frame: 625
Line rate: 15625 Hz
Visual bandwidth: 5 MHz
Vision modulation: Positive
Preemphasis: 50 μs
Sound modulation: AM
Sound offset: +5.5 MHz
Channel bandwidth: 7 MHz
Assumed display device gamma: 2.0
Television channels were arranged as follows:
See also
CCIR System B
CCIR System L
Broadcast television systems
Television transmitter
Transposer
Notes and references
External links
World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms
Fernsehnormen aller Staaten und Gebiete der Welt
ITU-R recommendations
Television technology
C, System
Broadcast engineering
CCIR System |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope%20house | Souterrain house or slope house is a house with soil or rock completely covering the bottom floor on one side and partly two of the walls on the bottom floor. The house has two entries depending on the ground level.
The main reason for building a souterrain house is due to the landscape, for example the land where the house should be built is placed on a hill or a slope on a mountain. Opposite to earth shelter the primary reason is not to use the thermal mass from the surrounding to insulate the house. Sometimes the soil is excavated to make the floor area the same on both upper and lower floor, the soil can also be partly excavated making the area for the lower floor smaller. When a house is built in a slope the advantage in an open country is the view, mountain, lake or meadow.
See also
Earth shelter
References
Building engineering
House types |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise%20Forges | Françoise Forges (born 3 July 1958) is a Belgian and French economist known for her work in game theory. She is professor of economics at Paris Dauphine University.
Education and career
Forges was born on 3 July 1958 in Brussels, but is a French citizen. She studied mathematics at the Université catholique de Louvain, earning a licenciate in 1980 and completing her doctorate there in 1984, advised by Jean-François Mertens. She earned a habilitation at Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University in 1992.
She became a researcher for the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS) from 1981 until 1985. After postdoctoral research for the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute in Berkeley, California from 1985 to 1986, she returned to research at the FNRS and the Université catholique de Louvain until 1994, when she became a professor of economics at Cergy-Pontoise University in France. In 2003 she moved to her position as a professor at Paris Dauphine University, where she was named as an "exceptional class" professor in 2006 and "second echelon" in 2009.
Recognition
Forges was named a junior member of the Institut Universitaire de France for 1997–2002, and a full member for 2011–2016. She has been a Fellow of the Econometric Society since 1997, and in 2020 was named as an international member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
In 2009 she won the CNRS Silver Medal.
References
External links
Home page
1958 births
Living people
Belgian economists
Belgian women economists
French economists
French women economists
Game theorists
Fellows of the Econometric Society
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WCMN-LD | WCMN-LD (channel 13) is a low-power television station licensed to both St. Cloud and Sartell, Minnesota, United States, which primarily broadcasts religious programming. Owned by StarCom, LLC, the station maintains a transmitter on Julep Road (off State Highway 23) in Waite Park, Minnesota.
History
Channel 13 began as K13VS in 1992; it was affiliated with the Main Street TV network and was the first new TV venture in St. Cloud since KXLI channel 41 started in 1982. While it also aired several local shows, it was hindered by a lack of visibility on cable systems. By 1994, the station was purchasing time on a local cable channel to make its weekday evening shows, including a local newscast available to cable homes.
StarCom sold three radio stations to Regent Broadcasting in 2000 so it could purchase and develop channel 13, which had become WCMN-LP in 1996. It returned to the air on August 20, 2001, airing All News Channel with local inserts. When ANC folded in 2002, the station switched to America One and then The Sportsman Channel.
On January 4, 2022, the station filed a license to cover application for digital facilities, stating that it is broadcasting in the ATSC 3.0 format, making it the first such station in Minnesota. It had operated in analog on VHF channel 13 until the FCC-mandated shutdown of analog LPTV stations on July 13, 2021, and did not construct an ATSC 1.0 facility. The station was licensed for digital operation effective September 21, 2022, changing its call sign to WCMN-LD.
References
Low-power television stations in Minnesota
Religious television stations in the United States
Television channels and stations established in 1992
1992 establishments in Minnesota
ATSC 3.0 television stations
St. Cloud, Minnesota |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terbium%20phosphide | Terbium phosphide is an inorganic compound of terbium and phosphorus with the chemical formula TbP.
Synthesis
TbP can be obtained by the reaction of terbium and red phosphorus at 800–1000 °C:
4 Tb + P4 → 4 TbP
The compound can also be obtained by the reaction of sodium phosphide and anhydrous terbium chloride at 700~800 °C.
Physical properties
TbP undergoes a phase transition at 40 GPa from a NaCl-structure to a CsCl-structure. The compound can be sintered with zinc sulfide to make a green phosphor layer.
TbP forms crystals of a cubic system, space group Fm3m.
Uses
The compound is a semiconductor used in high power, high frequency applications and in laser diodes and other photo diodes.
References
Phosphides
Terbium compounds
Semiconductors
Rock salt crystal structure |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium%20phosphide | Gadolinium phosphide is an inorganic compound of gadolinium and phosphorus with the chemical formula GdP.
Synthesis
Gadolinium phosphide can be obtained by reacting gadolinium and phosphorus at high temperature, and single crystals can be obtained by mineralization.
4 Gd + P4 → 4 GdP
Physical properties
GdP has a NaCl-structure and transforms to a CsCl-structure at 40 GPa.
GdP forms crystals of a cubic system, space group Fm3m.
Gadolinium phosphide is antiferromagnetic.
Uses
The compound is a semiconductor used in high power, high frequency applications and in laser diodes.
References
Phosphides
Gadolinium compounds
Semiconductors
Rock salt crystal structure |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruler%20function | In number theory, the ruler function of an integer can be either of two closely related functions. One of these functions counts the number of times can be evenly divided by two, which for the numbers 1, 2, 3, ... is
Alternatively, the ruler function can be defined as the same numbers plus one, which for the numbers 1, 2, 3, ... produces the sequence
As well as being related by adding one, these two sequences are related in a different way: the second one can be formed from the first one by removing all the zeros, and the first one can be formed from the second one by adding zeros at the start and between every pair of numbers. For either definition of the ruler function, the rising and falling patterns of the values of this function resemble the lengths of marks on rulers with traditional units such as inches. These functions should be distinguished from Thomae's function, a function on real numbers which behaves similarly to the ruler function when restricted to the dyadic rational numbers.
In advanced mathematics, the 0-based ruler function is the 2-adic valuation of the number, and the lexicographically earliest infinite square-free word over the natural numbers. It also gives the position of the bit that changes at each step of the Gray code.
In the Tower of Hanoi puzzle, with the disks of the puzzle numbered in order by their size, the 1-based ruler function gives the number of the disk to move at each step in an optimal solution to the puzzle. A simulation of the puzzle, in conjunction with other methods for generating its optimal sequence of moves, can be used in an algorithm for generating the sequence of values of the ruler function in constant time per value.
References
External links
Calculus
Special functions
Number theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual%20input | Dual input or dual point user input are common terms describing the 'multiple touch input on two devices simultaneously' challenge.
When there are touch input commands from two touch monitors simultaneously this will require a technical solution to function. This is because some operating systems only allow one cursor to work. When there are two users, like in the picture example, the two simultaneous dual input actions would require two “cursors” in the operating system to function. If one of the users also has a mouse connected to their display there is a risk that the second user would interrupt the first user by moving the mouse cursor. In this example the second display user would normally interfere with the main screen user.
These technical solutions can for example be observed in patent applications in the dual input field.
End consumers sometimes need help and assistance to get this setup working with two touch monitors.
There are dedicated companies working with dual input solutions to other enterprise companies for example ID24 second displays. Another B2B example which required a technical solution was two 55" LCD TV's each with their own IR touch overlay. This required additional help to solve the dual input on two screens simultaneously.
Finally we also see web technology frameworks adding dual input support. One example is Smart client which released support for dual input in their software v. 12.
See also
Multi-monitor
Touchscreen
References
Multi-monitor
Display devices
Display technology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornet%20%28app%29 | Hornet is a location-based social networking and online dating application for gay, bisexual, and non-heterosexual men, as well as other men who have sex with men (MSM). In 2018, it was seen as "Grindr's chief competitor in the gay app market". As well as featuring other men, the app contains city guide books and LGBT-specific news.
The app is intended to be used in countries where coming out as LGBT is problematic (see LGBT rights by country or territory), but can be used in most countries in the world. Many users of Hornet also use another similar MSM apps, with Grindr, Scruff and Jack'd being the most popular in the United States.
References
External links
LGBT social networking services
LGBT online dating services
Geosocial networking
Social networking services
Mobile social software
Online dating services
Online dating services of the United States
Online dating applications
iOS software
Android (operating system) software
BlackBerry software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitlads | Fitlads is a social networking, dating/hookup website and app for gay, bisexual and non-heterosexual men, as well as other men who have sex with men in the United Kingdom. It was launched in April 2003, and introduced video to the app in 2008.
The website is geared towards stereotypical "straight-acting" working-class "chav" or "scally"-type "lads", as well as those with a fetish for sports kits or bondage. It has a rating system for videos, which is seen by scholar David G. Kreps as communicating more "about sex ... than it is about sex itself".
Between 2014 and 2015, the website was one of those used by the serial killer Stephen Port as a means of initially contacting his victims. He also maintained accounts on Sleepyboy, Grindr, Hornet, Badoo, Gaydar, Flirt, DaddyHunt, PlanetRomeo, Manhunt, Slaveboys and CouchSurfing.
References
LGBT social networking services
LGBT online dating services
Social networking services
Online dating services
Online dating applications |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofumigation | Biofumigation is a method of pest control in agriculture, a variant of fumigation where the gaseous active substance—fumigant—is produced by decomposition of plant material freshly chopped and buried in the soil for this purpose.
Plants from the Brassicaceae family (e.g., mustards, cauliflower, and broccoli) are primarily used due to their high glucosinolate content; in the process of decomposition, glucosinolates are broken down to volatile isothiocyanates which are toxic to soil organisms such as bacteria, fungi and nematodes, but less toxic and persistent in the environment than synthetic fumigants. Alternatively, grasses such as sorghum can be used, in which case hydrogen cyanide is produced to similar effect.
The method consists of mowing and chopping the plants during flowering to ensure maximum glucosinolate content and speed up decomposition. The ground needs to be irrigated to field capacity, after which the chopped material is incorporated into the top layer and covered with impermeable film to prevent the gas from escaping. After three or four weeks, the film is removed and the ground is ready for planting 24 hours later. Burying biofumigant crops after the growing season to plant cash crops normally next year may in theory lead to buildup of active substance in the soil after a few cycles of crop rotation, but direct short-term suppression of pests is not notable in this case.
The method can be used as a more sustainable and environment-friendly alternative to classic fumigation and other chemical pest control methods. Additionally, it can serve to replenish the nutrient content of the soil and promote growth of beneficial organisms. On the other hand, it requires changes in cultivation practice due to the time needed for the method to take effect, can be costly if biofumigant-producing plants need to be brought from elsewhere (i. e. if they are not used in crop rotation to be chopped and buried on site), and is difficult to standardize due to varyi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choreographic%20programming | In computer science, choreographic programming is a programming paradigm where programs are compositions of interactions among multiple concurrent participants.
Overview
Choreographies
In choreographic programming, developers use a choreographic programming language to define the intended communication behaviour of concurrent participants. Programs in this paradigm are called choreographies.
Choreographic languages are inspired by security protocol notation (also known as "Alice and Bob" notation). The key to these languages is the communication primitive, for example
Alice.expr -> Bob.x
reads "Alice communicates the result of evaluating the expression expr to Bob, which stores it in its local variable x".
Alice, Bob, etc. are typically called roles or processes.
The example below shows a choreography for a simplified single sign-on (SSO) protocol based on a Central Authentication Service (CAS) that involves three roles:
Client, which wishes to obtain an access token from CAS to interact with Service.
Service, which needs to know from CAS if the Client should be given access.
CAS, which is the Central Authentication Service responsible for checking the Client's credentials.
The choreography is:
Client.(credentials, serviceID) -> CAS.authRequest
if CAS.check(authRequest) then
CAS.token = genToken(authRequest)
CAS.Success(token) -> Client.result
CAS.Success(token) -> Service.result
else
CAS.Failure -> Client.result
CAS.Failure -> Service.result
The choreography starts in Line 1, where Client communicates a pair consisting of some credentials and the identifier of the service it wishes to access to CAS. CAS stores this pair in its local variable authRequest (for authentication request).
In Line 2, the CAS checks if the request is valid for obtaining an authentication token.
If so, it generates a token and communicates a Success message containing the token to both Client and Service (Lines 3–5).
Otherwise, the CAS informs Client and Servic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weyl%27s%20inequality%20%28number%20theory%29 | In number theory, Weyl's inequality, named for Hermann Weyl, states that if M, N, a and q are integers, with a and q coprime, q > 0, and f is a real polynomial of degree k whose leading coefficient c satisfies
for some t greater than or equal to 1, then for any positive real number one has
This inequality will only be useful when
for otherwise estimating the modulus of the exponential sum by means of the triangle inequality as provides a better bound.
References
Vinogradov, Ivan Matveevich (1954). The method of trigonometrical sums in the theory of numbers. Translated, revised and annotated by K. F. Roth and Anne Davenport, New York: Interscience Publishers Inc. X, 180 p.
Inequalities
Number theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasimorphism | In group theory, given a group , a quasimorphism (or quasi-morphism) is a function which is additive up to bounded error, i.e. there exists a constant such that for all . The least positive value of for which this inequality is satisfied is called the defect of , written as . For a group , quasimorphisms form a subspace of the function space .
Examples
Group homomorphisms and bounded functions from to are quasimorphisms. The sum of a group homomorphism and a bounded function is also a quasimorphism, and functions of this form are sometimes referred to as "trivial" quasimorphisms.
Let be a free group over a set . For a reduced word in , we first define the big counting function , which returns for the number of copies of in the reduced representative of . Similarly, we define the little counting function , returning the maximum number of non-overlapping copies in the reduced representative of . For example, and . Then, a big counting quasimorphism (resp. little counting quasimorphism) is a function of the form (resp. .
The rotation number is a quasimorphism, where denotes the orientation-preserving homeomorphisms of the circle.
Homogeneous
A quasimorphism is homogeneous if for all . It turns out the study of quasimorphisms can be reduced to the study of homogeneous quasimorphisms, as every quasimorphism is a bounded distance away from a unique homogeneous quasimorphism , given by :
.
A homogeneous quasimorphism has the following properties:
It is constant on conjugacy classes, i.e. for all ,
If is abelian, then is a group homomorphism. The above remark implies that in this case all quasimorphisms are "trivial".
Integer-valued
One can also define quasimorphisms similarly in the case of a function . In this case, the above discussion about homogeneous quasimorphisms does not hold anymore, as the limit does not exist in in general.
For example, for , the map is a quasimorphism. There is a construction of the real numbers as a quotient |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmit%20Security | Transmit Security is a private cybersecurity and identity and access management company based in Tel Aviv, Israel and Boston, Massachusetts. Founded by Mickey Boodaei and Rakesh Loonkar in 2014, Transmit Security provides companies with customer authentication, identity orchestration, and workforce identity management services. In June 2021, the company completed a Series A funding round by raising $543 million, which was reported to be the largest Series A in cybersecurity history. Transmit Security is a FIDO Alliance Board member.
History
Transmit Security was co-founded in 2014 by Mickey Boodaei and Rakesh Loonkar. Boodaei and Loonkar previously founded Trusteer in 2006, which was acquired by IBM in 2013 for $1 billion.
In November 2020, Transmit Security ranked 5th on Deloitte's "North America Technology Fast 500", a list of the fastest-growing tech companies in North America.
In February 2021, Transmit Security joined the FIDO Alliance Board.
In June 2021, Transmit Security completed its Series A funding round by raising $543 million from investors. It was reported to be the largest Series A in cybersecurity history. Primary investors included Insight Partners, and General Atlantic, with additional investment from Cyberstarts, Geodesic, SYN Ventures, Vintage and Artisanal Ventures. In September 2021, Citi Ventures and Goldman Sachs Asset Management joined as investors.
Operations
Transmit Security’s main headquarters is located in Tel Aviv, Israel. Its North American headquarters is in Boston, Massachusetts. Additional offices are located in London, Berlin, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Madrid, Sao Paulo, and Mexico City.
See also
Secret Double Octopus
List of unicorn startup companies
References
Security companies of Israel
Security companies of the United States
Software companies of Israel
Software companies established in 2014
Identity management systems
Federated identity
Cloud applications
Password authentication
Computer security software companies |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M17%20%28amateur%20radio%29 | M17 is a digital radio modulation mode developed by Wojciech Kaczmarski (amateur radio call sign SP5WWP) et al.
M17 is primarily designed for voice communications on the VHF amateur radio bands, and above. The project received a grant from the Amateur Radio Digital Communications in 2021 and 2022.
The protocol has been integrated into several hardware and software projects. In 2021, Kaczmarski received the ARRL Technical Innovation Award for developing an open-source digital radio communication protocol, leading to further advancements in amateur radio.
Technical characteristics
M17 uses Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA) technology in which different communication streams are separated by frequency and run concurrently. It utilizes 4,800 symbols per second, 4-level frequency-shift keying (4FSK) with a root Nyquist filter applied to the bitstream. Radio channels are 9 kHz wide, with channel spacing of 12.5 kHz. The gross data rate is 9,600 bits per second, with the actual data transfer at 3,200. The transmission, called stream, is divided into 40-millisecond long frames, each prepended with a 16-bit long synchronization word. A group of 6 frames form a superframe and is needed to decode the link information data.
Protocol allows for low-speed data transfer (along with voice), e.g. GNSS position data.
The mode has been successfully transmitted through EchoStar XXI and QO-100 geostationary satellites.
The protocol's specification is released under GNU General Public License.
Voice encoding
M17 uses Codec 2, a low bitrate voice codec developed by David Rowe VK5DGR et al. Codec 2 was designed to be used for amateur radio and other high compression voice applications. It is based on linear predictive coding with mixed-harmonic sinusoidal excitation. The protocol supports both 3200 (full-rate) and 1600 bits per second (half-rate) modes.
Error control
Three methods are used for error control: binary Golay code, punctured convolutional code and bit interleavin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%2C1%2C6-Trimethyl-1%2C2-dihydronaphthalene | 1,1,6-Trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (TDN) is an aroma compound present in wine, particularly aged Rieslings. Chemically, it is classified as a 13C-norisoprenoid, as it has thirteen carbon atoms, and is derived from an isoprenoid by the loss of methylene groups.
In wines, TDN is generally considered to contribute to a desirable aroma in low concentrations, but an undesirable aroma in higher concentrations. The aroma is commonly described as a petrol note or by the French term goût de pétrole.
TDN is believed to be a degradation product of β-carotene and lutein. TDN can also by synthesized in the laboratory from either of the ionones, α-ionone or β-ionone.
References
Flavors
Terpenes and terpenoids
Oenology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precociality%20and%20altriciality | Animals can go through certain changes. In the biology of birds and mammals, altricial species are those in which the young are underdeveloped at the time of birth, but with the aid of their parents mature after birth. Precocial species are those in which the young are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth or hatching. Precocial species are normally nidifugous, meaning that they leave the nest shortly after birth or hatching. These categories form a continuum, without distinct gaps between them.
In fish, this often refers to the presence or absence of a stomach: precocial larvae have a stomach at the onset of first feeding whereas altricial fish do not. Depending on the species, the larvae may develop a functional stomach during metamorphosis (gastric) or remain stomachless (agastric).
Altriciality
Etymology
The word is derived from the Latin root alere, meaning "to nurse, to rear, or to nourish" and indicates the need for young to be fed and taken care of for a long duration. By contrast, species whose young are immediately or quickly mobile are called precocial.
Precociality
Etymology
The word "precocial" is derived from the same root as precocious, from the Latin root praecox, meaning early maturity in both cases.
Superprecociality
Extremely precocial species are called "superprecocial". Examples are the megapode birds, which have full-flight feathers at hatching and which, in some species, can fly on the same day they hatch from their eggs. Enantiornithes and pterosaurs were also capable of flight soon after hatching.
Another example is the blue wildebeest, the calves of which can stand within an average of six minutes from birth and walk within thirty minutes; they can outrun a hyena within a day. Such behavior gives them an advantage over other herbivore species; they are 100 times more abundant in the Serengeti ecosystem than hartebeests, their closest taxonomic relative. Hartebeest calves are not as precocial as wildebeest calves and t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merry%20Lindsey | Merry L. Lindsey is an American cardiac physiologist. She is the Stokes-Shackleford Professor and Chair of the University of Nebraska Medical Center Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and the director of the Center for Heart and Vascular Research. In 2021, Lindsey was appointed editor-in-chief of the American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology.
Early life and education
Lindsey was born Stuart, Florida in 1970 and raised in South Florida, where she attended South Fork High School. Following high school, Lindsey earned her undergraduate degree in biology from Boston University and her PhD in cardiovascular sciences from Baylor College of Medicine.
Career
Upon completing her PhD, Lindsey worked at the Medical University of South Carolina as an assistant professor before joining the faculty at the University of Texas Health Science Center. In 2019, she left the Mississippi Center for Heart Research to accept an appointment as the Stokes-Shackleford Professor and Chair of the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. Upon joining the department, Lindsey also became the founding director of the Center for Heart and Vascular Research. She joined Meharry Medical College as the dean of the School of Graduate Studies and Research.
In 2021, Lindsey was appointed editor-in-chief of the American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology, a journal published by the American Physiological Society. She received the Vincenzo Panagia Distinguished Lecture Award from the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences at St-Boniface Hospital Research in 2021, and the Distinguished Investigator Award from the British Society for Cardiovascular Research in 2022.
References
External links
Living people
Medical journal editors
Boston University College of Arts and Sciences alumni
Baylor College of Medicine alumni
University of Nebraska Medical Center faculty
Medical University of South Carol |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freepik | Freepik is an image bank website. Content produced and distributed by the online platform includes photographs, illustrations and vector images. The platform distributes its content under a freemium model, which means that users can access much of the content for free, but it is also possible to purchase a subscription with advantages such as access to more exclusive resources, the option of not attributing the content used or a higher number of daily downloads.
Freepik was founded in 2010 in Malaga with the idea of providing free graphic resources to designers around the world. The Spanish stock image platform is used by several million users, including multinationals such as Microsoft, FedEx, Amazon or Spotify.
Freepik is a flagship entity within the Freepik Company, an organization that has earned recognition from the Financial Times as one of Europe's thirty fastest-growing companies. The Freepik Company serves as the parent brand for an array of creative platforms: Flaticon, Slidesgo, Storyset and Wepik.
The content of Freepik Company products is created by the company's designers and its more than 21,000 collaborators of more than 100 countries, and downloads of its content reach an average of more than 80 million per month.
In 2020, the Swedish investment firm EQT acquired a majority stake in Freepik Company.
In 2022, Freepik was named in G2's Best Software 2022 Awards, ranking 17th on the list of best-selling software in Europe, the Middle East and Africa and 43rd in the list of best design products.
History
Freepik was founded in 2010 by brothers Alejandro Sánchez and Pablo Blanes, together with their friend Joaquín Cuenca, founder of Panoramio (acquired by Google). Initially it was a search engine that indexed content from the top 10 free content websites for designers.
In 2014, Freepik stopped being just a metasearch engine and became a large-scale producer of free graphic resources.
In 2015 the subscription model was launched. Users who pay for |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspended%20structure | A suspended structure is a structure which is supported by cables coming from beams or trusses which sit atop a concrete center column or core. The design allows the walls, roof and cantilevered floors to be supported entirely by cables and a center column.
Another type of suspended structure, suspended catenary, uses outer-wall concrete columns angled away from the center with a cable system strung between them suspending a roof and outer wall structure. In this example there are no supports or visual obstructions inside the structure.
Background
Some of the first suspension structures were bridges. The first iron chain suspension bridge in the Western world was the Jacob's Creek Bridge (1801) in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, designed by inventor James Finley. The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California, is another example of a suspension structure. Much like the suspended building structure, towers hold the weight and cables support the bridge deck. In the case of suspension bridges, there is "tensional force" transferred to the columns.
Design
Minimal interior visual obstruction is a feature of all suspended structure buildings. The architectural method creates a visually striking open space in the interior of the structure. The load for the suspended structure is either a suspended catenary or is supported by truss-work carrying the weight of the building through a building core.
Engineering
Suspended structures of the center column type utilize high-strength cable to suspend or support the floors. In some cases beams are cantilevered out from the concrete column at the center of the building. From the top of the center column, cables are used to support the roof system and the walls. Cables run down from the top of the tower to support floors. The external skeleton of the structure is a type of curtain wall which also is supported by cables. Suspended structures often allow much light to enter, because of the unobstructed interior.
An ex |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICON%20%28blockchain%20platform%29 | ICON is a decentralized, open-source blockchain with smart contract functionality. ICX is the native cryptocurrency of the platform.
History
Founding
ICON was founded in 2017 by Min Kim of the Switzerland-based ICON Foundation. According to the ICON white paper, the vision for ICON was to introduce a new era of decentralization and hyper connect Korea, Asia.
Launch
ICON's initial coin offering (ICO) in September 2017 raised 150,000 ETH (approximately US$43 million at the time).
At the time of launch, ICON was supported by various public and private organizations, including the Seoul Metropolitan Government in South Korea, and the Line Corporation in Japan.
ICON 2.0
In November 2021, ICON 2.0 was launched. Changes included Java smart contract support, and preparation for future interoperability via the Blockchain Transmission Protocol (BTP).
Design
ICON is a permission less, non-hierarchical network of computers (nodes) that build on a growing series of "blocks" of transactions, known as a blockchain. Each block contains an identifier of the chain that must precede it if the block is to be considered valid. ICON's consensus mechanism is called Loop Fault Tolerance (LFT), a modified version of the Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) consensus.
The nodes are run by public representatives (P-Reps), with a block being generated approximately every two seconds. ICON was designed to be scalable for both public and private blockchain use cases.
Applications
Decentralized finance
Decentralized finance (DeFi) is a use case of ICON. It offers traditional financial instruments in a decentralized architecture, outside of companies' and governments' control, such as money market funds which let users earn interest. Decentralized finance applications can be accessed through a Web3-enabled browser extension or application, which allows users to directly interact with the ICON blockchain through a website. Many of these decentralized applications (also known as dapps) can |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestine-on-a-chip | Intestines-on-a-chip (gut-on-a-chip, mini-intestine) are microfluidic bioengineered 3D-models of the real organ, which better mimic physiological features than conventional 3D intestinal organoid culture. A variety of different intestine-on-a-chip models systems have been developed and refined, all holding their individual strengths and weaknesses and collectively holding great promise to the ultimate goal of establishing these systems as reliable high-throughput platforms for drug testing and personalised medicine. The intestine is a highly complex organ system performing a diverse set of vital tasks, from nutrient digestion and absorption, hormone secretion, and immunological processes to neuronal activity, which makes it particularly challenging to model in vitro.
Conventional intestine models
Conventional intestinal models, such as traditional 2D cell culture of immortalised cell lines (e.g. CaCo2 or HT29), transwell cultures, Ussing chambers, and everted gut sacs, have been used extensively to understand better (patho-)physiological processes in the intestine. However, many intestinal functions are difficult to recapitulate and study using such simplistic models. Thus, these systems' translational and experimental value is limited.
In 2009, the development of intestinal organoids marked a milestone in the in vitro modelling of intestinal tissue. Intestinal organoids mimic the in vivo stem cell niche as intestinal stem cells spontaneously give rise to a closed, cystic mini-tissue with outward-facing buds representing the characteristic crypt-villus architecture of the intestinal epithelium. Intestinal organoids can contain all the different cell types of the intestinal epithelium, e.g. enterocytes, goblet cells, Paneth cells and enteroendocrine cells. Together with the accurate representation of the tissue architecture and cell-type composition, organoids have been shown to also exhibit key functional similarities to the native tissue. Furthermore, their long |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific%20Coast%20Electric%20Transmission%20Association | The Pacific Coast Electric Transmission Association was an American engineering institute founded in 1884 in response to the East coast establishment of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. It published its proceedings in the journalist George P. Low's journal The Electrical Journal, later titled The Journal of Electricity and then The Journal of Electricity, Power, and Gas, and began annual meetings in 1898. The annual meeting acted as both an electrical industry conference and an academic conference in electrical engineering. It disbanded with the continuation of the AIEE to the West coast in or shortly after 1905.
References
Engineering societies based in the United States
Professional associations based in the United States
Electrification
History of electrical engineering |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major%20League%20Baseball%20on%20Fox%20Sports%20Networks | Major League Baseball on Fox Sports Networks refers to Major League Baseball television coverage on the former chain of Fox Sports regional networks.
Background
Beginning in 1997, as part of the contract with Major League Baseball it had signed the year before. Fox entered a four-year joint venture with Liberty Media Cable worth $172 million. Its recently launched the cable sports network, Fox Sports Net and was given rights to two Thursday night games per week, one for the Eastern and Central time zones and one for the Mountain and Pacific time zones with no exclusivity.
For the 2000 and 2001 seasons, the Fox network's then-sister cable channel, Fox Family (later ABC Family, now Freeform) carried a weekly Major League Baseball game on Thursday nights (a game that had previously aired nationwide on Fox Sports Net from 1997 to 1999), as well as select postseason games from the Division Series.
After The Walt Disney Company's $2.9 billion acquisition of Fox Family in October 2001, the Thursday night cable television rights went to ESPN. Fox Sports Net's affiliates would however, continue to broadcast Major League Baseball games on a local basis until 2020. Come the start of the 2021 season, Fox Sports Networks were rebranded to Bally Sports following the Sinclair Broadcast Group's purchase of the Fox Corporation's regional sports channels.
From 2006 to 2006, Fox Sports Net also aired The FSN Baseball Report, which was a daily baseball analysis program aired during the Major League Baseball season.
League Championship Series coverage
For the first year of its exclusive six-year contract (2001), Fox did a split telecast (which had not been attempted since the ill-fated "Baseball Network" arrangement existed) for the League Championship Series. This meant that two games were played simultaneously on the same night, with one game airing on the Fox network and the other on the regional Fox Sports Net cable channel (depending on market, as some markets did not have a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroreflectance | Electroreflectance (also: electromodulated reflectance) is the change of reflectivity of a solid due to the influence of an electric field close to, or at the interface of the solid with a liquid. The change in reflectivity is most noticeable at very specific ranges of photon energy, corresponding to the band gaps at critical points of the Brillouin zone.
The electroreflectance effect can be used to get a clearer picture of the band structure at critical points where there is a lot of near degeneracy. Normally, the band structure at critical points (points of special interest) has to be measured within a background of adsorption from non-critical points at the Brillouin zone boundary. Using a strong electric field, the adsorption spectrum can be changed to a spectrum that shows peaks at these critical points, essentially lifting the critical points from the background.
The effect was first discovered and understood in semiconductor materials, but later research proved that metals also exhibit electroreflectance. An early observation of the changing optical reflectivity of gold due to a present electric field was attributed to a change in refractive index of the neighboring liquid. However, it was shown that this could not be the case. The new conclusion was that the effect had to come from a modulation of the near-surface layer of the gold.
Theoretic description
Effect of the electric field on the electronic structure
When an electric field is applied to a metal or semiconductor, the electronic structure of the material changes. The electrons (and other charged particles) will react to the electric field, by repositioning themselves within the material. Electrons in metals can relatively easily move around and are available in abundance. They will move in such a manner that they try to cancel the external electric field. Since no metal is a perfect conductor, no metal will perfectly cancel the external electric field within the material. In semiconductors the e |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band%20bending | In solid-state physics, band bending refers to the process in which the electronic band structure in a material curves up or down near a junction or interface. It does not involve any physical (spatial) bending. When the electrochemical potential of the free charge carriers around an interface of a semiconductor is dissimilar, charge carriers are transferred between the two materials until an equilibrium state is reached whereby the potential difference vanishes. The band bending concept was first developed in 1938 when Mott, Davidov and Schottky all published theories of the rectifying effect of metal-semiconductor contacts. The use of semiconductor junctions sparked the computer revolution in 1990. Devices such as the diode, the transistor, the photocell and many more still play an important role in technology.
Qualitative description
Band bending can be induced by several types of contact. In this section metal-semiconductor contact, surface state, applied bias and adsorption induced band bending are discussed.
Metal-semiconductor contact induced band bending
Figure 1 shows the ideal band diagram (i.e. the band diagram at zero temperature without any impurities, defects or contaminants) of a metal with an n-type semiconductor before (top) and after contact (bottom). The work function is defined as the energy difference between the Fermi level of the material and the vacuum level before contact and is denoted by . When the metal and semiconductor are brought in contact, charge carriers (i.e. free electrons and holes) will transfer between the two materials as a result of the work function difference .
If the metal work function () is larger than that of the semiconductor (), that is , the electrons will flow from the semiconductor to the metal, thereby lowering the semiconductor Fermi level and increasing that of the metal. Under equilibrium the work function difference vanishes and the Fermi levels align across the interface. A Helmholtz double layer will be |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20audiology | Computational audiology is a branch of audiology that employs techniques from mathematics and computer science to improve clinical treatments and scientific understanding of the auditory system. Computational audiology is closely related to computational medicine, which uses quantitative models to develop improved methods for general disease diagnosis and treatment.
Overview
In contrast to traditional methods in audiology and hearing science research, computational audiology emphasizes predictive modeling and large-scale analytics ("big data") rather than inferential statistics and small-cohort hypothesis testing. The aim of computational audiology is to translate advances in hearing science, data science, information technology, and machine learning to clinical audiological care. Research to understand hearing function and auditory processing in humans as well as relevant animal species represents translatable work that supports this aim. Research and development to implement more effective diagnostics and treatments represent translational work that supports this aim.
For people with hearing difficulties, tinnitus, hyperacusis, or balance problems, these advances might lead to more precise diagnoses, novel therapies, and advanced rehabilitation options including smart prostheses and e-Health/mHealth apps. For care providers, it can provide actionable knowledge and tools for automating part of the clinical pathway.
The field is interdisciplinary and includes foundations in audiology, auditory neuroscience, computer science, data science, machine learning, psychology, signal processing, natural language processing, and vestibulology.
Applications
In computational audiology, models and algorithms are used to understand the principles that govern the auditory system, to screen for hearing loss, to diagnose hearing disorders, to provide rehabilitation, and to generate simulations for patient education, among others.
Computational models of hearing, speech and a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan%20%28email%29 | Titan is a business email service founded by Bhavin Turakhia in 2018. The service may be accessed through the Titan website and through the web, Android, and iOS.
History
Titan was founded by Bhavin Turakhia, founder of Flock, CodeChef and Zeta, in 2018 to provide a suite of professional email services for small and medium businesses.
In August 2021, Titan received Series A funding from Automattic valuing the startup at $300 million. Titan has around 100,000 active users including users at educational institutions like Eastern Florida State College. The startup looks to add another 100,000 accounts in the next one year.
Titan is available to customers via website builders and domain registrars. It has partnerships with WordPress.com, HostGator Brazil, NameSilo, Hostinger, and Rumahweb.
Features
Follow Up Reminders - Allows the user to set up reminders for sending important emails and undo sent emails.
Read Receipts - User can use the read receipt to check if the recipient has read the email.
Import Email Data - User can import all their existing emails and contacts, including messages and email addresses of a previous account, to the newly created email account in Titan.
Email Templates - User can use templates to expedite their reply.
References
External links
Titan Official Website
Webmail
Email clients
Internet hosting
Free email hosting
Computer-mediated communication |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lock%20number | In helicopter aerodynamics, the Lock number is the ratio of aerodynamic forces, which act to lift the rotor blades, to inertial forces, which act to maintain the blades in the plane of rotation. It is named after C. N. H. Lock, a British aerodynamicist who studied autogyros in the 1920s.
Typical rotorcraft blades have a Lock number between 3 and 12, usually approximately 8.
The Lock number is typically 8 to 10 for articulated rotors and 5 to 7 for hingeless rotors. High-stiffness blades may have a Lock number up to 14.
Larger blades have a higher mass and more inertia, so tend to have a lower Lock number. Helicopter rotors with more than two blades can have lighter blades, so tend to have a higher Lock number.
A low Lock number gives good autorotation characteristics due to higher inertia, however this comes with a mass penalty.
Ray Prouty writes, "The previously discussed numbers: Mach, Reynolds and Froude are used in many fields of fluid dynamic studies. The Lock number is ours alone."
See also
Coning
Mach number
Froude number
Reynolds number
References
Helicopter aerodynamics
Engineering ratios |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taphotaxon | A taphotaxon (from the Greek ταφος, taphos meaning burial and ταξις, taxis meaning ordering) is an invalid taxon based on fossils remains that have been altered in a characteristic way during burial and diagenesis. The fossils so altered have distinctive characteristics that make them appear to be a new taxon, but these characteristics are spurious and do not reflect any significant taxonomic distinction from an existing fossil taxon. The term was first proposed by Spencer G. Lucas in 2001, who particularly applied it to spurious ichnotaxons, but it has since been applied to body fossils such as Nuia (interpreted as cylindrical oncolites formed around filamentous cyanobacteria) or Ivanovia (thought to be a taphotaxon of Anchicondium or Eugonophyllum); conulariids, and crustaceans.
In his original definition of the term, Lucas emphasized that he was not seeking to create a new field of taphotaxonomy. The term is intended simply as a useful description of a particular type of invalid taxon. It should not be used indiscriminately, particularly with ichnotaxons, where the fact that an ichnotaxon derives part of its morphology from taphonomic processes may not always render it an invalid ichnotaxon.
References
Biological classification
Trace fossils
Zoological nomenclature |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paola%20Inverardi | Paola Inverardi (born 1957) is an Italian computer scientist specializing in software engineering. She is a professor in the Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science, and Mathematics at the University of L'Aquila in Italy, and the former rector of the university.
Education and career
Inverardi was born in L'Aquila on 3 November 1957. She studied computer science at the University of Pisa, earning a laurea in 1981. After three years with Olivetti, she became a researcher for the Italian National Research Council (CNR) in 1984. She moved to her present position as a professor at the University of L'Aquila in 1994. She was founding director of the computer science department at the University of L'Aquila, and headed the department from 2001 to 2007, and from 2008 to 2012 served as dean of science at the university. From 2013 to 2019 she was rector of the University of L'Aquila.
Recognition
In 2011, Mälardalen University College in Sweden gave Inverardi an honorary doctorate, and in 2017 the Shibaura Institute of Technology in Tokyo gave her another honorary doctorate. The IEEE Technical Committee on Software Engineering (TCSE) gave her their 2013 IEEE TCSE Distinguished Service Award.
Inverardi was elected to the Academia Europaea in 2012. She was named a 2021 ACM Fellow "for contributions to software architecture".
References
External links
Home page
1957 births
Living people
Italian computer scientists
Italian women computer scientists
University of Pisa alumni
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Members of Academia Europaea
Academic staff of the University of L'Aquila
Heads of universities in Italy
Software testing people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganoderma%20microsporum%20immunomodulatory%20protein | Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein or GMI is a protein discovered from the mushroom species Ganoderma microsporum. GMI is a pure protein composed of 111 amino acids and exists in nature as a tetramer.
Discovery
GMI is found in the mycelium of Ganoderma microsporum. During the life cycle of G. microsporum, GMI acts as an important signaling factor in the transition from the fungi's mycelium phase to the fruiting body phase. However, the levels of GMI found in both the mycelium and fruiting body are very low.
In 2005, researchers utilized genetic and bio-engineering methods to obtain purified GMI, and proved that the protein is structurally similar to LZ-8, the first fungal immunomodulatory protein discovered in 1989. The name GMI is derived from the fact that when cultured with immune cells, GMI was found to not only increase the cells’ hormone production, but also induce higher levels of cellular activity.
References
Proteins
Ganodermataceae
Fungi
Fungal proteins
Immunoglobulin superfamily |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt%20arsenide | Cobalt arsenide is a binary inorganic compound of cobalt and arsenic with the chemical formula CoAs. The compound occurs naturally as the mineral modderite.
Physical properties
Cobalt arsenide crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pnam, parameter parameters a = 0.515 nm, b = 0.596 nm, c = 0.351 nm, Z = 4.
Cobalt arsenide is isostructural with FeAs.
At approximately 6-8 GPa, single crystals of CoAs undergo a transformation to a lower-symmetry phase.
Use
CoAs is used as a semiconductor and in photo optic applications.
References
Arsenides
Cobalt(III) compounds
Semiconductors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custom-made%20medical%20device | A custom-made medical device, commonly referred to as a custom-made device (CMD) (Canada, the European Union, the United Kingdom) or a custom device (United States), is a medical device designed and manufactured for the sole use of a particular patient. Examples of custom-made medical devices include auricular splints, dentures, orthodontic appliances, orthotics and prostheses.
Definition
There is no globally agreed definition, but a custom-made medical device can be broadly defined as a medical device that has been designed and manufactured in accordance with a prescription from an appropriately qualified person for the sole use of a particular patient to meet their specific needs. Mass-produced medical devices that have been adapted for specific patient requirements such as customised wheelchairs, hearing aids, and spectacle frames do not typically fall within the definition of a custom-made medical device.
Definitions by jurisdiction
Types
Depending on the jurisdiction, custom-made medical devices can be prescribed by various healthcare professionals working within numerous medical specialties such as dentists, hearing aid dispensers, ocularists/orbital prosthetists, orthotists, medical practitioners/physicians and prosthetists. Manufacturers of custom-made medical devices include anaplastologists, audiologists,
clinical dental technicians/dental prosthetists/denturists, dental assistants/dental nurses, dental technicians, dentists, ocularists/orbital prosthetists, ophthalmologists, optometrists, orthopaedic shoe fitters, orthopedic technicians, orthotists and prosthetists.
Legislative requirements
Australia
In Australia manufacturers of custom-made medical devices are exempt from registering with the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG). Manufacturers of custom-made medical devices cannot advertise such devices directly to patients and are required to:
Notify the Therapeutic Goods Administration that they are providing custom-made medical device |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon%20quantum%20dot | Silicon quantum dots are metal-free biologically compatible quantum dots with photoluminescence emission maxima that are tunable through the visible to near-infrared spectral regions. These quantum dots have unique properties arising from their indirect band gap, including long-lived luminescent excited-states and large Stokes shifts. A variety of disproportionation, pyrolysis, and solution protocols have been used to prepare silicon quantum dots, however it is important to note that some solution-based protocols for preparing luminescent silicon quantum dots actually yield carbon quantum dots instead of the reported silicon. The unique properties of silicon quantum dots lend themselves to an array of potential applications: biological imaging, luminescent solar concentrators, light emitting diodes, sensors, and lithium-ion battery anodes.
History
Silicon has found extensive use in electronic devices; however, bulk Si has limited optical applications. This is largely due to the vertical optical transition between the conduction band and valence band being forbidden because of its indirect band gap. In 1990, Leigh Canham showed that silicon wafers can emit light after being subjected to electrochemical and chemical dissolution. The light emission was attributed to the quantum confinement effect in the resulting porous silicon. This early work provided a foundation for several different types of silicon nanostructures including silicon nanoparticles (quantum dots), silicon nanowires, silicon nanoshells, silicon nanotubes, silicon aerogels, and mesoporous silicon.
The first reports of silicon quantum dots emerged in the early 1990s demonstrating luminescence from freestanding oxidized silicon quantum dots. Recognizing the vast potential of their unique optical properties, many researchers explored, and developed methods to synthesize silicon quantum dots. Once these materials could be prepared reliably, methods to passivate the surfaces were critical to rendering th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotobank | is a Japanese-language online encyclopedia which allows users to search across dictionaries, encyclopedias, and databases provided by publishers and others. It is operated by Voyage Marketing Co. When the service was first launched in 2009, it was stylized "kotobank" in rōmaji, but has since been stylized in katakana.
History
In June 2008, The Asahi Shimbun and EC Navi Inc. launched the "Minna no Chiezo" service, an online version of "Chiezo," a dictionary of modern terms that was once published. The service was rebuilt as a dictionary platform in which various companies could participate. The "kotobank" service was launched on April 23, 2009, under the management of The Asahi Shimbun and EC Navi Inc. At the time of its launch, it claimed to cover a total of 430,000 entries in 44 dictionaries and encyclopedias, the core of which were provided by Kodansha, Shogakukan, and Asahi Shimbun Publishing. In its early days, the site had strong ties with The Asahi Shimbun, with related news from The Asahi Shimbun's website, asahi.com, appearing on its pages.
The Asahi Shimbun and Genesix began distributing the "kotobank for iPhone" electronic dictionary platform application for the iPhone in March 2011. In October 2011, EC Navi, which had been operating the site, changed its name to Voyage Group Inc.
On October 1, 2019, following a corporate reorganization of Voyage Group Inc, Voyage Marketing Inc, a subsidiary of Carta Holdings, will operate the company. In April 2021, The Asahi Shimbun logo will disappear from the site and become the sole display of Voyage Marketing, and the registered trademark was also transferred from The Asahi Shimbun to Voyage Marketing. At the same time, the link to Kotobank from The Asahi Shimbun homepage was also lost.
Reliability
When the service was launched in 2009, The Asahi Shimbun and other operators pointed out the unreliability of information on the Internet and stated, "We aim to be the largest free glossary site in Japan with high re |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutoassociahedron | In mathematics, the permutoassociahedron is an -dimensional polytope whose vertices correspond to the bracketings of the permutations of terms and whose edges connect two bracketings that can be obtained from one another either by moving a pair of brackets using associativity or by transposing two consecutive terms that are not separated by a bracket.
The permutoassociahedron was first defined as a CW complex by Mikhail Kapranov who noted that this structure appears implicitly in Mac Lane's coherence theorem for symmetric and braided categories as well as in Vladimir Drinfeld's work on the Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov equations. It was constructed as a convex polytope by Victor Reiner and Günter M. Ziegler.
Examples
When , the vertices of the permutoassociahedron can be represented by bracketing all the permutations of three terms , , and . There are six such permutations, , , , , , and , and each of them admits two bracketings (obtained from one another by associativity). For instance, can be bracketed as or as . Hence, the -dimensional permutoassociahedron is the dodecagon with vertices , , , , , , , , , , , and .
When , the vertex is adjacent to exactly three other vertices of the permutoassociahedron: , , and . The first two vertices are reached from via associativity and the third via a transposition. The vertex is adjacent to four vertices. Two of them, and , are reached via associativity, and the other two, and , via a transposition. This illustrates that, in dimension and above, the permutoassociahedron is not a simple polytope.
Properties
The -dimensional permutoassociahedron has
vertices. This is the product between the number of permutations of terms and the number of all possible bracketings of any such permutation. The former number is equal to the factorial and the later is the th Catalan number.
By its description in terms of bracketed permutations, the 1-skeleton of the permutoassociahedron is a flip graph with two different kinds of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europium%28II%29%20oxide | Europium(II) oxide (EuO) is a chemical compound which is one of the oxides of europium. In addition to europium(II) oxide, there is also europium(III) oxide and the mixed valence europium(II,III) oxide.
Preparation
Europium(II) oxide can be prepared by the reduction of Europium(III) oxide with elemental europium at 800 °C and subsequent vacuum distillation at 1150 °C.
Eu2O3 + Eu → 3 EuO
It is also possible to synthesize from the reaction of europium oxychloride and lithium hydride.
2 EuOCl + 2 LiH → 2 EuO + 2 LiCl + H2
In modern research, thin films can be manufactured by molecular beam epitaxy directly from europium atoms and oxygen molecules. These films have contamination of Eu3+ of less than 1%.
Properties
Europium(II) oxide is a violet compound as a bulk crystal and transparent blue in thin film form. It is unstable in humid atmosphere, slowly turning into the yellow europium(II) hydroxide hydrrate and then to white europium(III) hydroxide. EuO crystallizes in a cubic sodium chloride structure with a lattice parameter a = 0.5144nm. The compound is often non-stoichiometric, containing up to 4% Eu3+ and small amounts of elemental europium. However, since 2008 high purity crystalline EuO films can be created in ultra high vacuum conditions. These films have a crystallite size of about 4 nm.
Europium(II) oxide is ferromagnetic with a Curie Temperature of 69.3 K. With the addition of about 5-7% elemental europium, this increases to 79 K. It also displays colossal magnetoresistance, with a dramatic increase in conductivity below the Curie temperature. One more way to increase the Curie temperature is doping with gadolinium, holmium, or lanthanum.
Europium(II) oxide is a semiconductor with a band gap of 1.12 eV.
Applications
Because of the properties of europium(II) oxide, thin layers of the oxide deposited on silicon are being studied for use as spin filters. Spin filter materials only allow electrons of a certain spin to pass, blocking electrons of the opposi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophet%20inequality | In the theory of online algorithms and optimal stopping, a prophet inequality is a bound on the expected value of a decision-making process that handles a sequence of random inputs from known probability distributions, relative to the expected value that could be achieved by a "prophet" who knows all the inputs (and not just their distributions) ahead of time. These inequalities have applications in the theory of algorithmic mechanism design and mathematical finance.
Single item
The classical single-item prophet inequality was published by , crediting its tight form to D. J. H. (Ben) Garling. It concerns a process in which a sequence of random variables arrive from known distributions . When each arrives, the decision-making process must decide whether to accept it and stop the process, or whether to reject it and go on to the next variable in the sequence. The value of the process is the single accepted variable, if there is one, or zero otherwise. It may be assumed that all variables are non-negative; otherwise, replacing negative values by zero does not change the outcome. This can model, for instance, financial situations in which the variables are offers to buy some indivisible good at a certain price, and the seller must decide which (if any) offer to accept. A prophet, knowing the whole sequence of variables, can obviously select the largest of them, achieving value for any specific instance of this process, and expected value The prophet inequality states the existence of an online algorithm for this process whose expected value is at least half that of the prophet: No algorithm can achieve a greater expected value for all distributions of
One method for proving the single-item prophet inequality is to use a "threshold algorithm" that sets a parameter and then accepts the first random variable that is at least as large If the probability that this process accepts an item is , then its expected value is plus the expected excess over that the selec |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas%20of%20AI | Atlas of AI: Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence is a book by Australian academic Kate Crawford. It is based on Crawford's research into the development and labor behind artificial intelligence, as well as AI's impact on the world.
Overview
The book is mainly concerned with the ethics of artificial intelligence.
Chapters 1 and 2 criticise Big Tech in general for exploitation of Earth's resources, such as in the Thacker Pass Lithium Mine, and human labor, such as in Amazon warehouses and the Amazon Mechanical Turk. Crawford also compares "TrueTime" in Google's Spanner with historical efforts to control time associated with colonialism.
In Chapters 3 and 4, attention is drawn to the practice of building datasets without consent, and of training on incorrect or biased data, with particular focus on ImageNet and on a failed Amazon project to classify job applicants.
Chapter 5 criticises affective computing for employing training sets which, although natural, were labelled by people who had been grounded in controversial emotional expression research by Paul Ekman, in particular his Facial Action Coding System (FACS), which had been based on posed images; it is implied that Affectiva's approach would not sufficiently attenuate the problems of FACS, and attention is drawn to potential inaccurate use of this technology in job interviews without addressing claims that human bias is worse.
In Chapter 6, Crawford gives an overview of the secret services' surveillance software as revealed in the leaks of Edward Snowden, with a brief comparison to Cambridge Analytica and the military use of metadata, and recounts Google employees' objections to their unwitting involvement in Project Maven (giving their image recognition a military use) before this was moved to Palantir.
Chapter 7 criticises the common perception of AlphaGo as an otherworldly intelligence instead of a natural product of massive brute-force calculation at environmental cost, and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JTES | JTES, the Japanese Teletext Specification, is a protocol used for encoding teletext pages, as well as other types of digital data, within the vertical blanking interval (VBI) of an analog video signal in Japan. It was adopted into the international standard CCIR 653 (now ITU-R BT.653) of 1986 as CCIR Teletext System D.
It supports the display of Chinese, Katakana and Hiragana characters. The service can be used to display subtitles, cyclic text pages or pseudo interactive programs. There's support for presentation of photographs, geometry or sound.
History
The development of teletext in Japan started in 1972, followed by the announcement of the world's first teletext system (Ceefax) by the BBC in the United Kingdom.
Because Japanese characters are different from the western alphabets, Japan proceeded with research and development of a specific transmissions method. Called "pattern method", it sends scanning signals similar to a fax, at a rate 20 times faster than existing methods, but required a character generator with a large (at the time) 1-megabit ROM. This method was adopted in 1982.
The first receiver prototype was capable of displaying 1258 characters, and a 48-kilobyte character generation ROM, integrated into a single chip. During the 1970s the problem of error correction (causing wrong characters to be displayed) was studied. These problems were solved in the early 1980s, allowing the service to start.
An alternative method of transmission, called "hybrid method" was developed by NHK in 1979. It allowed faster transmissions rated, and was adopted as a standard in October 1985.
Experimental broadcasts started on October 3, 1983, by NHK in Tokyo and Osaka using the "pattern method". This included subtitles and other so called "supplementary" or "independent programs", where information unrelated to the TV program being show is displayed. For example, at the time of the Great Hanshin Earthquake, information about vital services and victim names was broa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigoni%E2%80%93Piccolroaz%20yield%20criterion | The Bigoni–Piccolroaz yield criterion is a yielding model, based on a phenomenological approach, capable of describing the mechanical behavior of a broad class of pressure-sensitive granular materials such as soil, concrete, porous metals and ceramics.
General concepts
The idea behind the Bigoni-Piccolroaz criterion is that of deriving a function capable of transitioning between the yield surfaces typical of different classes of materials only by changing the function parameters. The reason for this kind of implementation lies in the fact that the materials towards which the model is targeted undergo consistent changes during manufacturing and working conditions. The typical example is that of the hardening of a power specimen by compaction and sintering during which the material changes from granular to dense.
The Bigoni-Piccolroaz yielding criterion can be represented in the Haigh–Westergaard stress space as a convex smooth surface and in fact the criterion itself is based on the mathematical definition of the surface in the above-mentioned space as a proper interpolation of experimental points.
Mathematical formulation
The Bigoni-Piccolroaz yield surface is thought as a direct interpolation of experimental data. This criterion represents a smooth and convex surface, which is closed both in hydrostatic tension and compression and has a drop-like shape, particularly suited to describe frictional and granular materials. This criterion has also been generalized to the case of surfaces with corners.
Design principles
Since the whole idea of the model is to tailor a function to experimental data, the authors have defined a certain group of features as desirable, even if not essential, among those:
smoothness of the surface;
possibility of changing the shape and thus the interpolation on a broad class of experimental data for different materials;
possibility to represent known criteria with limit set of parameters;
convexity of the surface.
Parametric funct |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trustmark%20%28commerce%29 | A trustmark is an image, logo, or badge that is typically displayed on an E-commerce website, indicating that the site has passed certain digital security tests or is operated by a member of a professional organization. The trustmark is intended to show approval of the brand by a recognizable third party. Customers gain confidence and may be more inclined to transact business with a brand bearing a trustmark.
One of the oldest familiar trustmarks, the Good Housekeeping Seal of Approval, was established in 1909 as a way for the magazine's Research Institute to endorse specific products backed by a two-year warranty. In the modern era, digital trustmarks can be a machine-readable authentication feature within an identity trust framework.
In the United Kingdom since 2006, there is a non-profit entity called TrustMark that under a master agreement from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy licenses and audits businesses that register to carry out work inside and near residential homes. In Canada, there has been a trustmark issued by the Canadian Centre for Philanthropy (now Imagine Canada) to identify charities that meet standards of ethics and accountability. In 2018, Mozilla and a consortium including the New York University School of Law backed a product packaging trustmark called Trustable Technology. TRUSTe (now TrustArc) is another specialist in trustmark review services.
See also
Privacy seal
Trust seal
Trust signals
References
Internet security
Politics and technology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Simple%20Function%20Point%20method | The Simple Function Point (SFP) method is a lightweight Functional Measurement Method.
The Simple Function Point method was designed by Roberto Meli in 2010 to be compliant with the ISO14143-1 standard and compatible with the International Function Points User Group (IFPUG) Function Point Analysis (FPA) method. The original method (SiFP) was presented for the first time in a public conference in Rome (SMEF2011)
The method was subsequently described in a manual produced by the Simple Function Point Association: the Simple Function Point Functional Size Measurement Method Reference Manual, available under the Creatives Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License.
Adoption by IFPUG
In 2019, the Simple Function Points Method was acquired by the IFPUG, to provide its user community with a simplified Function Point counting method, to make functional size measurement easier yet reliable in the early stages of software projects. The short name became SFP. The SPM (Simple Function Point Practices Manual) was published by IFPUG in late 2021.
Basic concept
When the SFP method was proposed, the most widely used software functional size measurement method was IFPUG FPA. However, IFPUG FPA had (and still has) a few shortcomings:
It is not easy to apply. It requires certified personnel, and the productivity of measurement is relatively low (between 400 and 600 Function Points per day, according to Capers Jones, between 200 and 300 Function Points per day according to experts from Total Metrics ).
The measurement is partly subjective, since some of its measurement rules have to be suitably interpreted by the person who performs the measurement.
The diffusion of the method in the software development community is quite limited.
To overcome at least some of these problems, the SFP method was defined to provide the following characteristics:
Easy to apply;
Less subject to interpretation, being based on quite straightforward definitions;
Easy to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PiliPinas%20Debates%202022 | PiliPinas Debates 2022: The Turning Point, or simply PiliPinas Debates 2022, was a televised debate series organized by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), with the assistance of non-partisan voter education organization Vote Pilipinas as part of the debates for the 2022 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections.
The commission, under the law, cannot mandate candidates to join debates though the commission does expect candidates to attend debates that the commission themselves organize, as it presents them with massive exposure, and that it is not counted on the limits of the airtime that they are allowed to advertise on broadcast networks.
Unlike the debates in the 2016 elections, three presidential debates and two vice presidential debates were planned to be held. However, the April 23 & 24 debates were postponed to April 30 and May 1 respectively until it was eventually cancelled, thus prematurely ending the debates. The debates were replaced by the PiliPinas Forum 2022, a televised interview series.
Background
On November 11, 2021, amid preparations for the 2022 elections, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) confirmed that they will organize debates for both candidates running for president and vice-president by January 2022. Unlike the debates from 2016, where they let media organizations organize the official debates, the commission will organize the debates themselves. They earlier planned to hold seven debates: three debates each per position and a primary debate, as a teaser for the upcoming debates series. By January 2022, the COMELEC said they might forego with the teaser debates, as the number of candidates have been reduced to a more manageable number.
COMELEC partnered with Impact Hub Manila for the production of PiliPinas Debates 2022. Impact Hub Manila also organized the Vote Pilipinas campaign with COMELEC, which aimed to provide non-partisan comprehensive information on candidates. The COMELEC signed a formal agreement with |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20secret%20sharing | Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is a quantum cryptographic scheme for secure communication that extends beyond simple quantum key distribution. It modifies the classical secret sharing (CSS) scheme by using quantum information and the no-cloning theorem to attain the ultimate security for communications.
The method of secret sharing consists of a sender who wishes to share a secret with a number of receiver parties in such a way that the secret is fully revealed only if a large enough portion of the receivers work together. However, if not enough receivers work together to reveal the secret, the secret remains completely unknown.
The classical scheme was independently proposed by Adi Shamir and George Blakley in 1979. In 1998, Mark Hillery, Vladimír Bužek, and André Berthiaume extended the theory to make use of quantum states for establishing a secure key that could be used to transmit the secret via classical data. In the years following, more work was done to extend the theory to transmitting quantum information as the secret, rather than just using quantum states for establishing the cryptographic key.
QSS has been proposed for being used in quantum money as well as for joint checking accounts, quantum networking, and distributed quantum computing, among other applications.
Protocol
The simplest case: GHZ states
This example follows the original scheme laid out by Hillery et al. in 1998 which makes use of Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states. A similar scheme was developed shortly thereafter which used two-particle entangled states instead of three-particle states. In both cases, the protocol is essentially an extension of quantum key distribution to two receivers instead of just one.
Following the typical language, let the sender be denoted as Alice and two receivers as Bob and Charlie. Alice's objective is to send each receiver a "share" of her secret key (really just a quantum state) in such a way that:
Neither Bob's nor Charlie's share contains any in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport%20theorem | The transport theorem (or transport equation, rate of change transport theorem or basic kinematic equation) is a vector equation that relates the time derivative of a Euclidean vector as evaluated in a non-rotating coordinate system to its time derivative in a rotating reference frame. It has important applications in classical mechanics and analytical dynamics and diverse fields of engineering. A Euclidean vector represents a certain magnitude and direction in space that is independent of the coordinate system in which it is measured. However, when taking a time derivative of such a vector one actually takes the difference between two vectors measured at two different times t and t+dt. In a rotating coordinate system, the coordinate axes can have different directions at these two times, such that even a constant vector can have a non-zero time derivative. As a consequence, the time derivative of a vector measured in a rotating coordinate system can be different from the time derivative of the same vector in a non-rotating reference system. For example, the velocity vector of an airplane as evaluated using a coordinate system that is fixed to the earth (a rotating reference system) is different from its velocity as evaluated using a coordinate system that is fixed in space. The transport theorem provides a way to relate time derivatives of vectors between a rotating and non-rotating coordinate system, it is derived and explained in more detail in rotating reference frame and can be written as:
Here f is the vector of which the time derivative is evaluated in both the non-rotating, and rotating coordinate system. The subscript r designates its time derivative in the rotating coordinate system and the vector Ω is the angular velocity of the rotating coordinate system.
The Transport Theorem is particularly useful for relating velocities and acceleration vectors between rotating and non-rotating coordinate systems.
Reference states: "Despite of its importance in cla |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20species%20named%20after%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic | A number of species have been named after the COVID-19 pandemic. The names of the new species may refer to the virus itself, to the pandemic, to the lockdowns, or to something more intricate, such as the name of a person dead from the disease.
Animals
(in alphabetical order of genera)
Achilia covidia Kurbatov, Cuccodoro & Sabella, 2021 (Insect, Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) – "the epithet of this new species refers to the COVID-19 pandemic and the periods of quarantine during which this study was carried out by the authors".
Achilia pandemica Kurbatov, Cuccodoro & Sabella, 2021 (Insect, Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) – "the epithet of this new species refers to the COVID-19 pandemic and the periods of quarantine during which this study was carried out by the authors".
Achilia quarantena Kurbatov, Cuccodoro & Sabella, 2021 (Insect, Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) – "the epithet of this new species refers to the COVID-19 pandemic and the periods of quarantine during which this study was carried out by the authors".
Allorhogas quarentenus Joele, Zaldívar-Riverón & Penteado-Dias, 2021 (Insect, Hymenoptera, Braconidae) – "The name of this species refers to the COVID-19 pandemics with its subsequent undefined quarantine, which occurred while the authors were describing it".
Carinadelius medicus Ranjith, van Achterbergan Achterberg, Samartsev & Nasser, 2021 (Insect, Hymenoptera, Braconidae) – "Named after Friedrich Kasimir Medikus (1738 – 1808), a German physician and botanist. We dedicate this species with gratitude to all doctors and nurses for their timeless and uncompromising efforts to control COVID-19".
Cephalothrips corona Alavi & Minaei, 2021 (Insect, Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) – "This article was prepared during the first author's quarantine period due to his positive test for the Coronavirus diseases".
Coralliozetus clausus Hastings, 2021 (Fish, Perciformes, Chaenopsidae) – " from the Latin meaning 'enclosed' or 'having been shut off,' in reference to the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20A.%20Oliner | Arthur Aaron Oliner (March 5, 1921 – September 9, 2013) was an American physicist and electrical engineer, who was professor emeritus at department of electrical and computer engineering at New York University-Polytechnic. Best known for his contributions to engineering electromagnetics and antenna theory, he is regarded as a pioneer of leaky wave theory and leaky wave antennas.
Biography
Arthur Aaron Oliner was born on March 5, 1921, in Shanghai, China. He received an undergraduate degree from Brooklyn College and Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1941 and 1946 respectively, with both being in physics. In 1946, he joined Microwave Research Institute at New York University's school of engineering, then known as the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. In 1965, he went on to a sabbatical at École normale supérieure in Paris, France, under a Guggenheim Fellowship. Becoming a full professor in 1957, Oliner acted as the head of the institute's department of electrical engineering in between 1966 and 1974. In addition, he was the director of the Microwave Research Institute from 1967 until 1982. He retired from New York University in 1990. He died on September 9, 2013, in Lexington, Massachusetts. He was survived by two children, three grandchildren, and one great-grandchild; his wife Frieda, died in 2013.
Oliner was a Fellow of AAAS and a Life Fellow of IEEE. In 1991, he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering for his "contributions to the theory of guided electromagnetic waves and antennas." He was a recipient of the IEEE Heinrich Hertz Medal (2000) and Distinguished Educator Award of the Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, of which he was a Honorary Life Member.
During his career, Oliner was also employed as an engineering consultant for IBM, Boeing, Raytheon Technologies, Hughes Aircraft Company and Rockwell International. He was the founder of Merrimac Industries, and served on its board of directors from 1962 until its acquisition by Crane Aerospace |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%20Hett | Dan Hett is a digital artist, writer and games designer from Manchester, UK. He is also a member of the Algorave live coding electronic music and visuals movement, performing under the name Rituals.
Career
Hett’s writing is influenced by the death of his younger brother Martyn Hett in the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing. He wrote a trilogy of games about the experience: c ya laterrrr, The Loss Levels and Sorry to Bother You. Hett is known for short introspective autobiographical narrative games and interactive fiction, which explore radicalisation, extremism and identity politics in the UK. His work The Loss Levels has been exhibited at Now Play This festival in London and Sheffield DocFest.
Until 2016 Hett worked in the BBC Children’s and R&D departments, where he developed apps and digital games across a range of languages and platforms. He was technical lead on the CBeebies Storytime app, he also designed and built the core of the BBC’s first cross-platform multiplayer games API.
He founded a small independent games studio PASSENGER GAMES in 2018, which produced the game Closed Hands.
In 2021 Hett became Creative Technologist at the School of Digital Arts, Manchester Metropolitan University.
Awards
2015, Broadcast Digital Awards Winner of Best Digital Children’s Content for CBeebies Storytime
2015 British Academy of Film and Television Arts Winner of Children’s Interactive award for The Dumping Ground
2020 New Media Writing Prize winner for c ya laterrrr.
Works
Interactive Fiction
c ya laterrrr, 2017
The Loss Levels, 2018
Sorry To Bother You, 2018
Closed Hands, 2021
Non-fiction
My Brother Martyn Seized Every Moment - This Christmas, We All Should Too, 2017, Huffington Post
More games should be truly honest about death, 2018, Rock, Paper, Shotgun
Show, Don't Tell, 2019, FutureEverything
Dreams becomes reality: the game that can make an artist out of anyone, 2019, The Guardian
Online hate threatens us all. Platforms can and must do more to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Planck%20Institute%20for%20Biological%20Intelligence | The Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence (MPI-BI) is a non-university research institution of the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG). The institute is dedicated to basic research on topics in behavioral ecology, evolutionary biology and neuroscience. Research at the international institute focuses on how animal organisms acquire, store, apply and pass on knowledge about their environment in order to find ever-new solutions to problems and adapt to a constantly changing environment. Model organisms include Drosophila, zebrafish, mice and various bird species.
Structure and History
The board of directors manages the institute, with around 500 employees coming from more than 50 nations. One of the institute's directors is taking over as managing director for a specific time. As of January 2022, Tobias Bonhoeffer is the managing director of the institute.
The MPI-BI emerged in January 2022 from the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology and the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology.
Campus
The institute has two locations: At the nature-oriented Seewiesen Campus, in the municipality of Pöcking near Starnberg, field research is combined with modern methods of behavioral biology. At the Martinsried Campus in the southwest of Munich, neuroscientific research is currently the main focus. Here, laboratory experiments are combined with state-of-the-art methods such as optogenetics, connectomics or machine learning.
Scientific scope
Scientific research at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence is thematically divided into seven research departments and 17 independent research groups. Numerous thematic connections between the groups result in a lively exchange and numerous collaborations within the institute.
Biological intelligence describes the ability to achieve complex goals. Animal organisms are able to attain this for example by means of calculation, planning and decision-making – as individuals or in groups. The brain |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cakewalk%20by%20BandLab | Cakewalk by BandLab is a full-featured Digital Audio Workstation software package for audio and MIDI composing, recording, arranging, editing, mixing and mastering. It is developed and published under a free subscription licensing model by BandLab Technologies of Singapore for the Microsoft Windows platform.
Lineage
Sonar was the final flagship product of Cakewalk, Inc. of Boston, MA. After 30 years of operation, Cakewalk, Inc. was dissolved in November 2017 by its parent company, Gibson Brands. At this time, Gibson ceased all development and support of Cakewalk software with only the licensing and support forum servers kept running.
In February 2018, BandLab Technologies announced that it had purchased all of Cakewalk, Inc.’s intellectual property and some of its assets. BandLab's stated goal was continued development of the former company's flagship product, SONAR (now renamed Cakewalk by BandLab) as part of its portfolio of freeware digital audio workstation software. BandLab continues to maintain the old Cakewalk, Inc. licensing servers as a courtesy to owners of legacy products.
History
In addition to acquiring the intellectual property from Cakewalk, Inc., BandLab also hired former CTO Noel Borthwick and Senior Software Engineer Ben Staton (among other former Cakewalk staff) to continue development of the code.
The current Cakewalk by BandLab is descended directly from the SONAR code base as acquired by BandLab.
The first release of Cakewalk by BandLab was on April 4, 2018 and was restricted to bug fixes planned for SONAR, as well as string and art changes to reflect the name change from SONAR to Cakewalk by BandLab. It was followed by monthly bug fixes and stability updates, and by the fourth release new features began to be added. With each release, new features have continued to be added.
In June of 2023, BandLab announced that it would be discontinuing Cakewalk by BandLab, and it would be replaced by a redesigned and updated version that would see |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektra%20Sound%20Recorders | Elektra Sound Recorders was Elektra Records's recording studio in Los Angeles, California, United States located at 962 La Cienega Boulevard. Electric Entertainment currently provides video production services at this location.
History
In 1958, Jac Holzman built the first Elektra studio at 116 West 14th Street, on the northern edge of Greenwich Village.
Recordings
Alone Together (Dave Mason album)
Bread (album)
Chelsea Morning
Don't Cry Now
Essential Rarities
First (David Gates album)
Fun House (The Stooges album)
1970: The Complete Fun House Sessions
Guitar Man (Bread album)
Happy Sad (album)
Heads & Tales (album)
I'm Easy (album)
Jack-Knife Gypsy
Late for the Sky
Let It Bleed
Lost Without Your Love
Luxury You Can Afford
Morrison Hotel
Never Let Her Go
Outlaws (Outlaws album)
Peace Frog
Primordial Lovers
Roadhouse Blues
Sniper and Other Love Songs
Some Days You Eat the Bear
Souvenirs (Dan Fogelberg album)
St. Cecilia: The Elektra Recordings
The Complete Studio Recordings (The Doors album)
The Original Delaney & Bonnie & Friends
The Rose (soundtrack)
The Soft Parade
Touch Me (The Doors song)
Warren Zevon (album)
Who Knows Where the Time Goes (Judy Collins album)
Wishful Sinful
References
External links
Recording studios in California
Audio engineering
Music of Los Angeles
Sunset Boulevard (Los Angeles)
Companies based in Los Angeles
Entertainment companies based in California |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pajama%20Day%20%28South%20Park%29 | "Pajama Day" is the twenty-fifth season premiere of the American animated television series South Park. The 312th episode overall of the series, it premiered on Comedy Central in the United States on February 2, 2022, and was simulcast on Logo, MTV, MTV2, Paramount Network, Pop, and TV Land. It is the first South Park episode to air in its regular time slot since "Christmas Snow", which premiered December 11, 2019.
Plot
At South Park Elementary, Mr. Garrison introduces the fourth grade class to his new boyfriend, Rick. However, when he gets a phone call from another boyfriend, Marcus, and the students fail to cover for him, an angered Garrison excoriates the students, and tells PC Principal, who has overheard the commotion, that the children are unresponsive and unfocused. Admonishing the students for not appreciating their teacher, PC Principal forbids them from wearing pajamas on Pajama Day, which is described as the "Met Gala for kids." When the students complain, he furthermore admonishes them not to invoke Nazi Germany when they fail to get what they want, which serves as a recurring gag in the episode. He also tells counselor Mr. Mackey that if he changes his mind, he will look weak.
The punishment results in a backlash on the part of the townsfolk, who protest PC Principal's actions by wearing pajamas throughout the day, including in the workplace. Seeing that his decision has backfired, PC Principal tells fourth grader Wendy Testaburger her class must resolve this problem, resulting in a schism among the local workforce, and arrests of people who refuse to wear pajamas, as well as those who engage in criminal behavior in their attempts to shame them. As riots and arrests escalate, Police Sergeant Harrison Yates observes that the town is turning into a powder keg.
At an afterschool meeting, Wendy suggests that they apologize to Garrison. The next day an elated Garrison tells the class he has decided to be with Rick, but when he sees Butters Stotch is not p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLB%20The%20Show%2022 | MLB The Show 22 is a baseball video game by San Diego Studio and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment, based on Major League Baseball (MLB). It was released for the PlayStation 4 PlayStation 5, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S, as well as Nintendo Switch, a first for the franchise. The seventeenth entry of the MLB: The Show franchise, it was released on April 5, 2022. Los Angeles Angels two-way (pitcher and batter) player and 2021 American League MVP Shohei Ohtani is featured as the cover star. A special manga style art by Takashi Okazaki of Shohei Ohtani is featured on the cover art for the MVP and Digital Deluxe editions of MLB The Show 22.'For the second consecutive year, the Xbox versions of the game are available for Xbox Game Pass subscribers at no additional cost. People who purchased the MVP or Digital Deluxe editions received early access to the game starting April 1.
It marked one of the first MLB The Show games without any competitors in the United States, either simulation or arcade, as the R.B.I. Baseball series ended due to the Switch getting a port, although in Japan, the sole competitor is the latest entry to the Power Pros series from Konami, eBaseball Powerful Pro Yakyuu 2022.
Updates
The Stadium Creator received updates to be dynamic, though it is not on the 8th generation systems (PS4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch)
MLB on ESPN Radio announcers Jon Sciambi and Chris Singleton are the new play-by-play commentators, with Alex Miniak remaining the public address announcer.
The March to October game mode was expanded to last multiple seasons instead of one-and-done.
Reception MLB The Show 22 received "generally favorable" reviews from critics, according to Metacritic.GameSpot gave the game 7/10, praising the gameplay and expansion to various game modes but criticized the lack of innovation elsewhere and repetitive commentary. In its 4/5 review, GamesRadar+ similarly complimented the addition to the March to October mode but lamented the limi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterile%20male | Sterile males are deliberately produced by humans in several species for several unrelated purposes:
Sterile insect technique for insect pest control
Cytoplasmic male sterility for plant breeding
Sterile male plant for plant breeding
Humans and other species |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia%20University%20Museum%20of%20Paleontology%20and%20Historical%20Geology | The Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" Museum of Paleontology and Historical Geology (SUMPHG) (), is a paleontology museum located in the main building of Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia, Bulgaria.
History
The museum is within the main building of Sofia University, designed by Jean Bréasson, re-designed by Yordan Milanov, and later by Ljuben Konstantinov. Its collections are primarily intended for research and are, thus, not accessible to the public. A limited number of fossils from the collection is on display in the SUMPHG, and is one of the primary localities for storing fossils collected in Bulgaria. The original fossils, around which the current collection has grown, were those gathered by the first Bulgarian state geologist Georgi Zlatarski (1854 - 1909) and those purchased from Dr. A. Krantz. Later specimens collected by doctoral students and as part of the Bulgarian geological surveys were added.
Faculty
Many notable Bulgarian paleontologists have worked at SUMPHG, including Peter Bakalov, Vassil Tzankov, Ivan Nikolov, Natalia Dimitrova, Milka Entcheva, Emilia Kojumdjieva, Nonka Motekova, Stoycho Breskovski, Angel Pamouktchiev et al.
Public access
Admission is free to the museum for all visitors. The museum is open 10 am - 12 am, 1 pm - 4 pm Monday to Friday. It is closed on Saturdays and Sundays. SUMPHG is an important venue for widening interest in paleontology, evolutionary biology and Earth sciences.
The museum logo is based on the Deinotherium skeleton displayed by the entrance.
Gallery
Exhibits of geologic eras and periods
References
External links
See also
National Museum of Natural History, Bulgaria
Museums established in 1897
Paleontology websites
University museums
Natural history museums in Bulgaria
Geology museums
Museums in Bulgaria
Paleontology in Bulgaria
Evolutionary biology
Fossil museums
Historical geology
Museums in Sofia
Geology museums in Bulgaria |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feferman%E2%80%93Vaught%20theorem | Feferman–Vaught theorem in model theory is a theorem by Solomon Feferman and Robert Lawson Vaught that shows how to reduce, in an algorithmic way, the first-order theory of a product of first-order structures to the first-order theory of elements of the structure.
The theorem is considered as one of the standard results in model theory. The theorem extends the previous result of Andrzej Mostowski on direct products of theories.
It generalizes (to formulas with arbitrary quantifiers) the property in universal algebra that equalities (identities) carry over to direct products of algebraic structures (which is a consequence of one direction of Birkhoff's theorem).
Direct product of structures
Consider a first-order logic signature L.
The definition of product structures takes a family of L-structures for for some index set I and defines the product structure
, which is also an L-structure, with all functions and relations defined pointwise.
The definition generalizes direct product in universal algebra to relational first-order structures, which contain not only function symbols but also relation symbols.
If is a relation symbol with arguments in L and are elements of the cartesian product, we define the interpretation of in by
When is a functional relation, this definition reduces to the definition of direct product in universal algebra.
Statement of the theorem for direct products
For a first-order logic formula in signature L with free variables, and for an interpretation of the variables , we define the set of indices for which holds in
Given a first-order formula with free variables , there is an algorithm to compute its equivalent game normal form, which is a finite disjunction of mutually contradictory formulas.
The Feferman-Vaught theorem gives an algorithm that takes a first-order formula and constructs a formula that reduces the condition that holds in the product to the condition that holds in the interpretation of sets of in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square%20%28financial%20services%29 | Square is a financial services platform developed by Block, Inc. It is aimed at small-and medium-sized businesses, allowing them to accept credit card payments and use phones or tablets as payment registers for a point-of-sale system.
History
The inspiration for Square occurred to Jack Dorsey in 2009, when his friend Jim McKelvey was unable to complete a $2,000 sale of his glass faucets and fittings because he could not accept credit cards.
At the TechCrunch Disrupt conference in May 2011, Square announced the release of two apps, Square Card Case (later rebranded Square Wallet) and Square Register. Square Wallet, before it was removed from the Apple App Store and Google Play Store in 2014, allowed customers to set up a tab and pay for their order by providing their name (or a barcode) using a stored credit, debit, or gift card.
In April 2012, rival payment company Verifone claimed that the Square system was insecure and that a reasonably skilled programmer could write a replacement app that could use the Square device to skim a credit card and return its details, because of the lack of encryption. VeriFone posted a demonstration video and sample skimming app to its web site. Dorsey called VeriFone's claims "neither fair nor accurate", noting that all card data can be compromised by visually examining the card and that even if an attack succeeded, card issuers offered fraud protection. Square later introduced strong encryption on its devices.
In August 2012, Starbucks announced it would use Square to process transactions with customers who pay via debit or credit card. In December 2012, Square introduced virtual gift cards. Physical gift cards were added in 2014.
In May 2013, the firm announced that its mobile payments service was available in Japan after agreeing to a partnership with Sumitomo Mitsui Card Corporation. In May 2013, Square announced it would no longer support firearms-related transactions.
In June 2013, the firm launched Square Market, which a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophilus%20bipartitus | Geophilus bipartitus is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae found in Japan. It grows up to 15 millimeters in length; the males have about 35 leg pairs, the females 39. It lives in Japanese white birch.
References
bipartitus
Animals described in 1937
Arthropods of Japan
Zoology
Taxa named by Yosioki Takakuwa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz%20Fong-Jones | Liz Fong-Jones (born ) is a site reliability engineer and developer advocate known for labor activism with her contributions to the Never Again pledge and her role in leading Google worker organization efforts. She is the president of the board of directors of the Solidarity Fund by Coworker, which she seeded with her own money. She is Honeycomb's field Chief Technology Officer.
Education
Fong-Jones started attending college at the California Institute of Technology in 2005, then dropped out in 2007 when she realized she was not going to have enough money to finish school without going into debt. She later returned to school, graduating from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science with a Bachelor of Science degree in 2014.
Career and activism
Fong-Jones started her career in technical support at a massively multi-player online game studio. She says that her career followed in the footsteps of her family members, who are mainly engineers.
Google (2008–2019)
2008–2016
In 2008, Fong-Jones joined Google, which she said is one of the best places for a transgender person to work, as a systems administrator in their Mountain View, California office, eventually becoming a software engineer in the field of site reliability at their Cambridge, Massachusetts office, followed by their New York City office. She says she began organizing within the company in 2010, focusing on "equity engineering" by working on fixing issues with products that adversely affected marginalized communities, like insuring accessibility for customers who utilize assistive technology. She later expanded her advocacy to minority groups of employees within the company, like gender pay equity and transgender health care issues.
In 2011, she began taking fellow employee concerns to management, starting when Google+ was about to launch. On behalf of her and her colleagues, she warned executives from requiring users to disclose their real |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilma%20Mesa | Vilma María Mesa Narváez (born 1963) is a Colombian-American mathematics educator whose research topics have included secondary-school curriculum development, college-level calculus instruction, mathematics in community colleges, international perspectives in mathematics education, and inquiry-based learning. She is a professor of education and mathematics at the University of Michigan, where she is affiliated with the Center for the Study of Higher and Post-secondary Education.
Education and career
Mesa earned her bachelor's degrees in computer science and mathematics at the University of Los Andes (Colombia) in 1986 and 1987, respectively, and became a computer programmer for the Colombian government and in the private sector. From 1988 to 1995 she worked as a researcher at the University of Los Andes, working in mathematics education and authoring textbooks on mathematics and statistics for applications including engineering and social sciences.
In 1996, she began graduate study in mathematics education at the University of Georgia, where she earned her master's degree in 1996 and completed her Ph.D. in 2000. Her dissertation, Conceptions of Function Promoted by Seventh- and Eighth-Grade Textbooks from Eighteen Countries, was jointly advised by Jeremy Kilpatrick and Edward Arthur Azoff.
After postdoctoral research at the University of Michigan, she stayed on at the University of Michigan as a coordinator for the master's program in curriculum development and as an instructional consultant until she was hired in 2005 as an assistant professor of mathematics education in the School of Education. She was tenured in 2014 and added a joint appointment in the university's mathematics department in 2015.
In 2016, she visited the University of Santiago, Chile as a Fulbright Scholar.
Recognition
Mesa is the 2022 winner of the Louise Hay Award for Contributions to Mathematics Education, where she was recognised "for her distinguished contributions to mathematics educa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amin%20Abbosh | Amin M. Abbosh is an Iraqi electrical engineer.
Abbosh earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the University of Mosul, then remained at the institution to complete graduate study in the subject, obtaining his master's degree in 1991 and his doctorate in 1996. He is a professor at the University of Queensland. In 2022, Abbosh was elected a fellow of the IEEE, "for contributions to electromagnetic medical imaging."
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Electrical engineers
Iraqi engineers
University of Mosul alumni
Academic staff of the University of Queensland
Fellow Members of the IEEE
21st-century engineers
20th-century engineers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herald%20of%20Law | Herald of Law is an online international scientific journal of law published by the Union of Law Scientists. The journal was founded on December 15, 2019, in Tbilisi. The first issue of the journal was published in July 2020 and its presentation took place on October 21 of the same year. The editor-in-chief of the journal is Zurab Chkonia.
The journal is an open access and any interested person has full access to the material published in it. Scientific articles published in the journal are reviewed in the Institute Techinformi's publication called "Georgian Abstract Journal" (GAJ).
The journal is published twice a year - in July and December. Additional special issue may also be published. Articles are published free of charge in Georgian, English, German and Russian (with abstract and bibliography in English) languages.
The mission of the journal is to "facilitate development of law, as an area of study and to increase the legal awareness of civil society".
The scientific articles are selected by the journal through open selection procedure and bilaterally secret (anonymous) review.
It cooperates with Georgian and international organizations, as well as with government bodies. Its editorial board consists of Georgian and foreign scholars and researchers in the field of law. The journal has been awarded the international rating ISSN 2667-9434. The journal is listed and indexed in up to ten international scientific databases. The articles are published in journal under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-SA). The journal is a signatory to the Budapest Open Access Declaration. In addition, the publisher of journal, "Union of Law Scientists" is a signatory to the Berlin Open Access Declaration.
External links
Herald of law on digital library "Iverieli"
References
Online magazines
Magazines established in 2019 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checkout.com | Checkout.com, (with legal name of main entity as Checkout Ltd), is an international financial technology company which processes payments for other companies. Founded as Opus Payments in 2009, it is headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It had a valuation of $40 billion in 2022, making it the most valuable European fintech startup. Customers include Netflix, Pizza Hut, and digital asset exchange Coinbase.
History
Checkout.com was founded in 2009 by Swiss national Guillaume Pousaz in Singapore under the name Opus Payments, which processed payments for merchants in Hong Kong. The company became profitable in 2011 through a deal with Chinese tech gadget trading website Dealextreme. In 2012, Opus Payments was renamed Checkout.com in and registered in the U.K. In 2013, Checkout.com was granted membership with Visa and Mastercard, and Checkout.com subsequently focused on partnerships with Alipay and WeChat.
In 2018, the company joined London & Partners' Mayor's International Business Programme. In 2019, the company received a $230 million Series A funding round led by Insight Partners and DST Global. After additional funding rounds, the company's valuation had increased to $15 billion by June 2020. In May 2020, it acquired Australian company Pin Payments, allowing Checkout.com to expand into the Australian and New Zealand markets.
In January 2022, the company announced a $1 billion funding round, surpassing the value of competitors such as Revolut and Wise. Investors included the Qatar Investment Authority and Tiger Global Management, among others. The company announced it would use the capital to invest in Web3 applications. In May 2022, Checkout.com announced it was acquiring French startup Ubble which provides a remote identity verification service.
References
Business software
Companies based in London
Financial technology
Merchant services
Online payments
Payment service providers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alicia%20Nicki%20Washington | Alicia Nicki Washington is an American computer scientist, author, and professor at Duke University. She is the author of the book Unapologetically Dope. She was the first Black woman to earn a Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science from North Carolina State University in 2005.
Early life and education
Washington learned how to code from her mother, who was a programmer at IBM, while growing up in Durham, North Carolina.
Washington said that at 12, she was told by her teacher that she "gave blacks a bad rep." She has also highlighted racist student reviews of her collegiate teaching referring to her as "rude" or "disrespectful".
Washington attended undergraduate school at Johnson C. Smith University, obtaining a Bachelor of Science in mathematics in 2000. She earned her Master of Science in 2002 and her Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in 2005 in Computer Science (CS) from North Carolina State University (NC State).
Career
2006-2020
In 2006, Washington became an assistant professor of CS at Howard University, where she was the first Black woman CS faculty. At Howard, Washington helped develop Google's "Google In Residence" program. Washington joined Winthrop University in 2015 as an associate professor of CS.
Duke University (2020-present)
Washington joined Duke University's faculty as a professor of CS in June 2020.
Washington, along with Dr. Shaundra Daily and PhD candidate Cecilé Sadler, created the Cultural Competence in Computing (3C) Fellows Program.
In 2021, Washington and Daily were awarded a $10 million grant from the National Science Foundation to establish Duke University's Alliance for Identity-Inclusive Computing Education (AIICE).
Selected publications
See also
Timnit Gebru
Khalia Braswell
Deborah Raji
Joy Buolamwini
References
External links
Profile at Duke University
21st-century American women writers
21st-century American writers
American software engineers
American women computer scientists
American computer scientists
Ame |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel%20Champions%3A%20The%20Card%20Game | Marvel Champions: The Card Game is a cooperative, living card game published by Fantasy Flight Games. Players control decks representing heroes from the Marvel Universe, and work together to defeat a villain that is attempting to complete a "Scheme". Players can customize their hero's deck, and the game includes various modular encounters to customize villain scenarios. The core set was originally released in 2019. Expansions to the game are released in the form of hero decks, villain scenarios, or larger campaign boxes that include both hero and villain scenario content.
Gameplay
Marvel Champions is played over a series of rounds, which consist of all of the players taking turns, followed by the villain. The game is cooperative, meaning that players work as a team toward a shared goal and there is no competition among them. Each player chooses one hero, which is represented by a 40–50 card deck. Each deck includes cards specific to that hero; cards from one of four Aspects: Justice, Leadership, Aggression, and Protection; and "basic" cards. During a player's turn, they can play cards, activate card abilities, use their basic abilities to attack the villain and their minions or reduce the number of threat tokens on a scheme, and switch between their hero and alter-ego forms. Some cards and abilities require players to be in either their hero or alter-ego form to use. Cards are used to activate superpowers, recruit allies, upgrade the hero and their allies, or provide new abilities. Players discard cards from their hand to pay the resource cost of the cards they wish to play.
On their turn, the villain has an activation against each player. If the player is in their hero form, the villain attacks them. If the player is in their alter-ego form, the villain adds threat counters to their main scheme. Players have the option to defend incoming attacks with their hero or allies under their control. Once the villain has activated against each hero, the players are all d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%20Michael%20Uren%20Hub | The Sir Michael Uren Hub is a 13-storey building on the north side of the elevated A40 Westway in London, designed by Allies and Morrison for the purpose of Imperial College's biomedical engineering research. It contains a 160-seat auditorium, social space, cleanrooms, and futuristic outpatients. It is named for engineer Sir Michael Uren and built using his engineered cement substitute, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS).
It houses the School of Public Health's Environmental Research Group, the Musculoskeletal Laboratory (MSk lab) and the National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI).
Location
The Sir Michael Uren Hub is situated on Wood Lane, Shepherd's Bush, London. To its north is a 34-storey tower, to its east is an incubator building, and to its south is an elevated section of the A40 Westway.
History
In 2014 Imperial College London announced that it was to build a biomedical engineering centre supported by a £40 million donation from Sir Micheal Uren and his foundation, at Imperial West, the College's 25-acre research and innovation campus in White City, west London. The purpose was to house Imperial's biomedical and healthcare researchers, engineers, scientists and clinicians, along with spin-out companies, in one building.
Work on the site began in January 2017. It officially opened in December 2020.
Design
The 13-storey Hub was designed by architects Allies and Morrison, and the project was managed by Turner & Townsend, with mechanical and engineering consultants Buro Happold. Autodesk Revit provided the CAD software, and the building was inspected by Bureau Veritas. ISG Ltd was the contractor.
Structural features
The building has a triangular base and covers 18,150 square metres. It has two long sides, covered in 1,300 GGBS containing four metre high vertical precast concrete fins, of which there are nine types. GGBS, a waste by-product of coal-fired power stations, was developed by Uren's company as a substitute for cement which produces a fract |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OIC%20Computer%20Emergency%20Response%20Team | The OIC Computer Emergency Response Team (; ), commonly known as OIC-CERT, is a computer emergency response team and one of the 17 affiliated organs of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Focused on global cybersecurity in the 27 member and non-member states, it is considered the world's third-largest computer emergency response team coordinated by the 27 countries. The OIC-CERT is primarily focused on providing emergency support in cyber resilience with global collaboration with its associated members and information security organizations. It also encourages member states to implement cybersecurity policies by their respective CERTs.
Chaired by CyberSecurity Malaysia, a national cybersecurity agency, it also serves as the Secretariat of OIC-CERT. Huawei became the first multinational technology corporation to sign the OIC-CERT membership in 2021. Its membership is sponsored by the UAE Computer Emergency Response Team (aeCERT). OIC-CERT maintains a global information and communications technology ecosystem and assisted nations in preventing cyberattack challenges.
History
OIC Computer Emergency Response Team was established by adopting a resolution INF-36/2 in May 2009 by the OIC Council of Foreign Ministers in its 36th session held in Damascus, Syria. The council of foreign affairs granted OIC-CERT the status of an affiliated institution in the same year.
Code of Ethics
Code of Ethics are the fundamental elements of the organisation that determine the status, cybercrime behaviour and membership by its Steering Committee. It regulates the information security organizations and the member states under four Codes of Ethics.
Objectives
Established for global cooperation between the cybersecurity organisation within the framework of the Charter of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, its main activities are focused on promoting and building the relationship between the member states in cybersecurity sector, in addition to exchanging information and mini |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TVE%20test%20card | The TVE colour test card (Spanish: Carta de ajuste en color de TVE) was an electronic analogue TV test card adopted by Televisión Española with the introduction of PAL colour broadcasts in 1975. It is notable for its unique design, created by the Danish engineer Finn Hendil in 1973, under the supervision of Erik Helmer Nielsen at the Philips TV & Test Equipment laboratory in Brøndby Municipality near Copenhagen, the same team that developed the popular Philips PM5544 test pattern. It replaced a previous black and white version developed by Eduardo Gavilán.
The test card was considered to be part of the regular TV schedule, figuring among daily program listings published in newspapers and magazines. It was said to be the most viewed program in some days due to people watching the test card while waiting for broadcasts to start in the afternoon. It was also relevant in the context of general work strikes, where the test card was sometimes broadcast in place of regular programming, marking it a visible sign of the strike's success.
It was used on several TVE channels, like La Primera, TVE 2, Canal Clásico, Teledeporte or TVE Internacional.
With the start of continuous 24-hour broadcasting on TVE's channels, the test card was phased out. It stopped being broadcast on La Primera in 1996 and on La 2 in the early morning hours of 6 January 2001, although it continued to be broadcast sporadically on Teledeporte and TVE Internacional until 2005.
Operation and features
As Televisión Española adopted the PAL colour system in 1975, the test card has specific elements that allow proper colour adjustments. Being a creation of the same team behind the Philips PM5544 test card, it has many elements in common with it (like colour and grey bars or castellations), but introduces some differences (for example, different resolution gratings and coloured background rectangle and circle).
There were two generations of the TVE test card. The original was generated by a heavily modif |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewire%20%28company%29 | Rewire is a multinational fintech company that provides online financial services tailored to the unique needs of millions of migrant foreign workers worldwide. Rewire was founded by CEO Guy Kashtan, CTO Saar Yahalom, VP of R&D Adi Ben Dayan, and Or Benoz.
In June 2020, Rewire won the FinTech category in the Extreme Tech Challenge (XTC) competition, the world's largest startup competition for purpose-driven companies.
History
Rewire was founded in Israel in 2015 by Guy Kashtan, Saar Yahalom, Adi Ben Dayan, and Or Benoz in response to the growing demand for affordable and accessible financial services of the local foreign worker population. Initially it served the thousands of Filipinos working in Israel as domestic caregivers for the elderly and expanded its services to additional migrant populations such as Indians, Thais, and Chinese to name a few. Initial investors included Israeli-based groups such as Our Crowd, Viola Fintech and Moneta VC. Additional initial investors included BNP Paribas (Opera Tech) and Standard Bank of South Africa.
In 2021, the company announced that it had completed a series B funding round of $20 million and also a collaboration with Israel's Bank Hapoalim. New investors joined this round of funding such as Renegade Partners, Glilot Capital Partners, and Jerry Yang, former Yahoo! CEO and director at Alibaba, through AME Cloud Ventures. At the same time, the company announced it had secured an EU Electronic Money Institution license (EMI), granted by the Dutch Central Bank, which allows the fintech startup to (I) issue electronic money, (II) provide payment services, and (III) engage in money remittance. Rewire was also granted an expanded Israeli Financial Asset Service Provider.
In February 2022, Rewire announced its partnership with insurance giant AIG and Insurtech company Quiver. Later that month, Rewire announced a $25M strategic round of investment, in which insurance company Migdal participated. This move was made to make insu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2C%20The%20Complete%20Reference | C, The Complete Reference is a book on computer programming written by Herbert Schildt. The book gives an in-depth coverage of the C language and function libraries features.
The first edition was released by Osbourne in 1987. The current version is 4th. Last revision: January 13th, 2018.
See also
The Art of Computer Programming
References
External links
Herbert Schildt Official website
Computer programming books
C (programming language) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophilus%20bluncki | Geophilus bluncki is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae found in San Remo, Italy. It grows up to 23 millimeters in length; the males have about 61 leg pairs. The uniform pore fields and long antennae resemble Arctogeophilus glacialis, formerly Geophilus glacialis.
References
bluncki
Zoology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilization%27s%20Waiting%20Room | Sivilisasjonens venterom (Norwegian for "Civilization's Waiting Room") was a research larp (live-action roleplaying game) held in Bergen in November 2021. It was designed to explore the potential of larps as a research methodology and as research dissemination, and was specifically intended to investigate ethical questions that arise when encountering new surveillance technologies.
Background
The project was funded by the Research Council of Norway as part of a scheme to increase the Norwegian impact of EU-funded research. The stated goal was to "create arenas where the general public can practice making ethical decisions about the use of new technologies, specifically machine vision technologies such as facial recognition, deepfakes and VR"
The creative lead for the project was veteran larp developer Anita Myhre Andersen, working with Harald Misje, Jon Andreas Edland, Toril Mjelva Saatvedt, Sebastian Sjøvold and Eskil Mjelva Saatvedt. The researchers in the development team were Marianne Gunderson, Kristian A. Bjørkelo, and Jill Walker Rettberg, who had initiated the project.
The larp drew upon the Nordic larp genre as well as on research on educational larping (Edu-larp) and larps as research tools. In a scholarly paper about Sivilisasjonens venterom, Malthe Stavning Erslev describes it as a research larp, which is "a method of academic knowledge development in its own right".
Setting and gameplay
Civilization's Waiting Room was set in a future where society has unravelled due to climate change and war. The Civilization (Sivilisasjonen) is a city state that is a rare refuge from the surrounding wilderness. It is run by a benevolent AI known as Intelligensen ("the Intelligence") that bases all of its decisions on the sum of all the opinions and interests of the citizens, as it interprets these based on the extensive data it collects and is fed by the citizens. Sivilisasjonen was therefore imagined as an AI-based democracy.
The overall story arc of Sivilisasj |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20Electronic%20Test%20Chart | UEIT - Universal Electronic Test Chart (russian: УЭИТ - Универсальная электронная испытательная таблица) is a Soviet/Russian test card, designed to test TVs operating in the analogue SECAM colour standard.
UEIT was developed by N. G. Deryugin and V. A. Minaev at the NII Radio Scientific Research Institute as the successor to the monochrome ТИТ-0249 test card with the informal name of "Colour Prevention Table" (TCP). This was the second attempt by the Soviets to create a colour test card, since previous efforts undertaken in 1954 (the ТИТ-0154 test card) in conjunction with the early prototype NIIR/SECAM IV colour television system, were abandoned in favour or regular SECAM III B. On the golden jubilee year of the October Revolution in 1967, colour broadcasts debuted in both Moscow and Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg).
Experimental broadcasts using the first three prototype versions of the UEIT (UEIT-1) began from the Ostankino Tower transmitter in 1970, with results being used to create the current version of the test pattern. This new version, called UEIT-2, was introduced in 1971 with several GOST-approved modifications up to 1986, and was used on terrestrial broadcast and on point-to-point links throughout the Soviet Union.
The prototypes and current version of the UEIT were used on Soviet television services: six national channels ("First Programme", All Union Programme, Moscow Programme, Fourth Programme, Fifth Programme and the Sixth Programme) and Third Programme/regional stations. It was also used in some Soviet Republics and allied countries like the Estonian SSR, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Byelorussian SSR, Ukrainian SSR, Kazakh SSR and the Georgian SSR, as well as Cuba. It continued to be used on post-Soviet times in Russia and some former Soviet republics and allies.
The card was replaced by digital versions with the switch to digital broadcasting in Russia using the DVB-T2 standard by late-2019.
Usage and features
The UEIT allow |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophilus%20monoporus | Geophilus monoporus is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae found in Tiba, Japan. It grows up to 18 millimeters in length; it's named for the single pore at the base of the final leg pair.
References
monoporus
Zoology
Arthropods of Asia
Taxa named by Yosioki Takakuwa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20Protection%20Zone | A Water Protection Zone is a statutory regulation imposed under Schedule 11 to the Water Resources Act 1991. The power was subsequently subsumed into The Water Resources Act (Amendment) (England and Wales) Regulations 2009. The only example in the UK was applied to the River Dee in 1999 as The Water Protection Zone (River Dee Catchment) Designation Order 1999 which covers the whole of the River Dee catchment from the headwaters down to the final potable water abstraction point at Chester
The creation of this protection zone gave powers to the then Environment Agency (now Natural Resources Wales) to monitor and control the use and storage of any potentially polluting substance brought into the catchment for any industrial or commercial operation - a controlled activity as defined by the order. All such controlled activities require a permit to be issued and the conditions of the permit are determined by a risk analysis mathematical model involving the nature of the substance, its quantity and the distance from any vulnerable drinking water intake.
Applications for consent are required to complete a formal application
Following a serious degradation of the quality of the River Wye, there have been calls for a new water protection zone to be established for that river.
References
Rivers
Risk analysis
Mathematical modeling |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20sequence%20information | Digital sequence information (DSI) is a placeholder term used in international policy fora, particularly the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), to refer to data derived from de-materialized genetic resources. The 2018 Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group on DSI reached consensus that the term was "not appropriate". Nevertheless, the term is generally agreed to include nucleic acid sequence data, and may be construed to include other data types derived from or linked to dematerialized genetic resources, including, for example, protein sequence data. The appropriateness and meaning of this term remain controversial as evidenced by its continued placeholder status, post the 15th Conference of the Parties to the CBD. DSI is crucial to research in a wide range of contexts, including public health, medicine, biodiversity, plant and animal breeding, and evolution research.
The Nagoya Protocol, a component of the Convention on Biological Diversity, establishes a right for countries to regulate, and to share in benefits derived from, their nation's genetic resources by arranging Access and Benefit Sharing Agreements with users. Academic researchers, however, generally share DSI freely and openly online, following a set of principles that align with the open science movement. Open sharing of DSI is recognized to have broad benefits, and open science is a major and growing focus of international science policy. This creates a perceived conflict with benefit sharing obligations, as individuals can access and use these open data without entering into benefit-sharing agreements. Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity are currently considering a range of policy options that strike different balances between these two important international policy goals.
DSI is also an important concept in other international legally binding instruments with access and benefit-sharing obligations, including the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20software%20using%20Electron | This is a list of application software written using the Electron software framework to provide the graphical user interface.
List
References
Free and open-source software
GitHub
Microsoft free software
Software using the MIT license
2013 software
Google Chrome
Cross-platform software
Cross-platform desktop-apps development |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleo-inspiration | Paleo-inspiration is a paradigm shift that leads scientists and designers to draw inspiration from ancient materials (from art, archaeology, natural history or paleo-environments) to develop new systems or processes, particularly with a view to sustainability.
Paleo-inspiration has already contributed to numerous applications in fields as varied as green chemistry, the development of new artist materials, composite materials, microelectronics, and construction materials.
Semantics and definitions
While this type of application has been known for a long time, the concept itself was coined by teams from the French National Centre for Scientific Research, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Bern University of Applied Sciences from the term Bioinspiration. They published the concept in a seminal paper published online in 2017 by the journal Angewandte Chemie.
Different names have been used to designate the corresponding systems, in particular: paleo-inspired, antiqua-inspired, antiquity-inspired or archaeomimetic. The use of these different names illustrates the extremely large time gap between the sources of inspiration, from millions of years ago when considering palaeontological systems and fossils, to much more recent archaeological or artistic material systems.
Properties sought
Distinct physico-chemical and mechanical properties are sought.
They may concern intrinsic properties of the paleo-inspired materials:
durability (materials found in certain contexts, having resisted alteration in these environments) and resistance to corrosion or alteration
electronic or magnetic properties
optical properties (especially from pigments or dyes, materials used for ceramic manufacture)
They can also concern processes:
processes with low energy or resource consumption, with a view to chemical processes favouring sustainable development
soft chemistry processes
The paleo-inspired approach
This approach combines several key stages.
Observation: T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raw%20Data%20Feel | Raw Data Feel is the sixth studio album by British band Everything Everything, released on 20 May 2022 through Infinity Industries, the band's own imprint. The album was produced by the band's guitarist Alex Robertshaw and Tom A.D. Fuller, and its release was preceded by the singles "Bad Friday" (7 February), "Teletype" (9 March), "I Want a Love Like This" (28 March) and "Pizza Boy" (4 May). On 27 May 2022, The album reached #4 in the UK Album Charts, their highest-charting release to date. The album's creation was inspired by the band's experiences with artificial intelligence, which was employed to help provide ideas for song lyrics as well as the album's artwork.
Themes
The songs on Raw Data Feel deal with the theme of experiencing trauma and relying on technology to cope with it. Feeling constrained by his reputation as a "political singer" and wanting to "abandon the human brain", frontman and lead songwriter Jonathan Higgs envisioned a more inward, less sociopolitical approach by using characters to play the experience out.
With assistance from Mark Hanslip, a musician and researcher at the University of York's Contemporary Music Research Centre, Higgs developed an AI bot dubbed "Kevin", named after a recurring character in the album, to compose song lyrics generatively. Higgs fed it four different sources of information—LinkedIn's terms and conditions, the epic poem Beowulf, 400,000 posts from the message board 4chan, and the sayings of Confucius—before compiling and tweaking the results into usable material. Ultimately, the bot contributed roughly 5% of the album's lyrics and a song title ("Software Greatman"), receiving a songwriting credit in the process, and has also provided the imagery for the album's artwork and promotional campaign.
The band described the album's sound as "vivid, bright and spontaneous" and their "most natural and impulsive work".
Track listing
Charts
References
2022 albums
Everything Everything albums
Concept albums
Artificia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAESAR%20Competition | The Competition for Authenticated Encryption: Security, Applicability, and Robustness (CAESAR) is a competition organized by a group of international cryptologic researchers to encourage the design of authenticated encryption schemes. The competition was announced at the Early Symmetric Crypto workshop in January 2013 and the final portfolio in February 2019.
Use Cases
The final CAESAR portfolio is organized into three use cases:
1: Lightweight applications (resource constrained environments)
2: High-performance applications
3: Defense in depth
Final Portfolio
The final portfolio announced by the CAESAR committee is:
CAESAR committee
The committee in charge of the CAESAR Competition consisted of:
Steve Babbage (Vodafone Group, UK)
Daniel J. Bernstein (University of Illinois at Chicago, USA, and Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Netherlands); secretary, non-voting
Alex Biryukov (University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg)
Anne Canteaut (Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, France)
Carlos Cid (Royal Holloway, University of London, UK)
Joan Daemen (STMicroelectronics, Belgium)
Orr Dunkelman (University of Haifa, Israel)
Henri Gilbert (ANSSI, France)
Tetsu Iwata (Nagoya University, Japan)
Stefan Lucks (Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, Germany)
Willi Meier (FHNW, Switzerland)
Bart Preneel (COSIC, KU Leuven, Belgium)
Vincent Rijmen (KU Leuven, Belgium)
Matt Robshaw (Impinj, USA)
Phillip Rogaway (University of California at Davis, USA)
Greg Rose (kitchen4140, USA)
Serge Vaudenay (EPFL, Switzerland)
Hongjun Wu (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore)
References
External links
Homepage for the project
Symmetric-key cryptography
Cryptography contests
Research projects |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid%20%28engineering%29 | In engineering, a solenoid is a device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy, using an electromagnet formed from a coil of wire. The device creates a magnetic field from electric current, and uses the magnetic field to create linear motion. In electromagnetic technology, a solenoid is an actuator assembly with a sliding ferromagnetic plunger inside the coil. Without power, the plunger extends for part of its length outside the coil; applying power pulls the plunger into the coil. Electromagnets with fixed cores are not considered solenoids. In simple terms, a solenoid converts electrical energy into mechanical work. Typically, it has a multiturn coil of magnet wire surrounded by a frame, which is also a magnetic flux carrier to enhance its efficiency. In engineering, the term may also refer to a variety of transducer devices that convert energy into linear motion, more sophisticated than simple two–position actuators. The term "solenoid" also often refers to a solenoid valve, an integrated device containing an electromechanical solenoid which actuates either a pneumatic or hydraulic valve, or a solenoid switch, which is a specific type of relay that internally uses an electromechanical solenoid to operate an electrical switch; for example, an automobile starter solenoid or linear solenoid. Solenoid bolts, a type of electromechanical locking mechanism, also exist.
Applications
Electromechanical solenoid
Electromechanical solenoids consist of an electromagnetically inductive coil, wound around a movable steel or iron slug (termed the armature). The coil is shaped such that the armature can be moved in and out of the space in the center of the coil, altering the coil's inductance and thereby becoming an electromagnet. The movement of the armature is used to provide a mechanical force to some mechanism, such as controlling a solenoid valve. Although typically weak over anything but very short distances, solenoids may be controlled directly by a contro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Official%20Document%20System | The United Nations Official Document System (ODS), commonly known as the Official Document System, is a multilingual online database of the United Nations documents consisting electronic publications from 1993 to the present century available in official languages of the UN, such as Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish in addition to German language. It was established in 1993 and was later updated in 2016. It preserve full text of its main bodies such as the Security Council, General Assembly, and the United Nations Economic and Social Council in addition to preserve records of the UN subsidiaries and other administrative documents.
The ODS has also maintained a database of scanned copies of all resolutions, principal organs, the Security Council, and General Assembly. However it has not digitalized publishing material issued before 1993 such as press releases, sales publications, yearbooks, the treaty series, and documents without a UN symbol.
Supported by all major web browsers, ODS is maintained by the Office of Information and Communications Technology (OICT). Its new documents are added by the Department for General Assembly and Conference Management (DGACM). However, scanned copies and metadata are frequently added and updated by the Dag Hammarskjöld Library and the United Nations Office at Geneva library.
Languages
The ODS user interface and publishing material is available in 6 official languages with prime focus on international studies, world peace, international security, government and political science with broad categories on area studies, government resources, and social sciences.
Coverage
The ODS digital documents are available published from 1993 to present century and is regularly updated while scanned copies are available published from 1946 to 1993. All published materials are downloadable in any of the available languages.
References
Further reading
United Nations documents
Bibliographic database providers
Online a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STOR2RRD | STOR2RRD is an open-source software tool that is used for monitoring and reporting performance in storage systems, SAN switches, and LAN switches. It is developed by the Czech company XoruX.
Overview
STOR2RRD is open-source software that is published under the GNU General Public License v3.0. As of November 2021, the latest version is 7.30. Beta versions were initially made available in 2013. Version 1.00 was released in October 2014.
Besides storage systems, it can also be used to monitor SAN and LAN switches. STOR2RRD generates historical utilization graphs for these systems.
The software is compatible with various systems by Dell, EMC, Hitachi, HPE, IBM, NetApp, Synology, and others. It is also integrated with various storage systems, including Tatlin.Unified.
References
External links
GitHub
Sourceforge
Software using the GPL license
Storage software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme-modified%20cheese | Enzyme-modified cheese (EMC) is a concentrated cheese flavour ingredient that is produced from cheese (or its upstream ingredients) by treatment with enzymes such as proteases (not including the usual rennet), lipases and esterases. These enzymes accelerate and intensify the ripening of cheese, which is normally done with enzymes released by an microbial culture. They may be added to during cheesemaking, after the cheese curds have been pressed, or even after the cheese has been naturally aged. EMCs were first made in the 1970s.
Uses
EMCs are used in powder or paste forms. They are generlly added to foods at dosages of around 0.1-2% (up to 5%) to provide a cheesy flavour. They are usually 10-30 times as intense in flavour as natural cheeses, but have a different (much exaggerated) taste profile from the parent cheese. EMCs are used in processed cheese, cheese powders, cheese spreads, and salad dressings.
EMC in dry powder form typically have a longer shelf-life than paste EMC. They can also be used in more applications and are thus more popular as of 2021.
Flavors
A number of EMC flavors are available via manipulation of the parent cheese, enzyme mixtures, or aging times. By 1986, flavors include mild, medium, and sharp Cheddar, as well as Colby, Swiss, Provolone, Romano, Mozzarella, Parmesan, and Brick. These flavors are developed by analyzing the flavoring compounds, such as amino acids and fatty acids, of the target cheese. Flavors have become even more diverse by the 2020s.
The flavor of an EMC depends on the curds and the enzyme composition. A cheddar-type EMC derives most of its lactate and acetate from the natural cheddar curd it is based on. Varying the amount of proteases and lipases tune the amount of background notes (amino acids, peptides) relative to sharp fatty acid flavors. Swiss cheese additionally require propionates, which comes from glycolysis.
Production
EMCs are produced by thorough mixing of the source ingredients with enzymes and/or |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YJK | YJK is a proprietary color space implemented by the Yamaha V9958 graphic chip on MSX2+ computers. It has the advantage of encoding images by implementing less resolution for color information than for brightness, taking advantage of the human visual systems' lower acuity for color differences. This saves memory, transmission and computing power.YJK is composed of three components: , and .
is similar to luminance (but computed differently), and are the chrominance components (representing the red and green color differences). The component is a 5-bit value (0 to 31), specified for each individual pixel. The and components are stored together in 6 bits (-32 to 31) and shared between 4 nearby pixels (4:2:0 chroma sub-sampling).
While conceptually similar to YUV, chroma sampling, numerical relationship between the components, and transformation to and from RGB are different in YJK.
Formulas
The three component signals are created from an original RGB (red, green and blue) source. The weighted values of , and are added together to produce a single signal, representing the overall brightness of that pixel. The signal is then created by subtracting the from the red signal of the original RGB, and then scaling; and by subtracting the from the green, and then scaling by a different factor.
These formulae approximate the conversion between the RGB color space and YJK:
From RGB to YJK:
From YJK to RGB:
You may note that the component of YJK is not true luminance, since the green component has less weight than the blue component. Also, contrary to YUV where chrominance is based on Red-Blue differences, on YJK its calculated based on Red-Green differences.
References
See also
YUV
MSX2+
Color space
MSX hardware |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum%20of%20four%20cubes%20problem | The sum of four cubes problem asks whether every integer is the sum of four cubes of integers. It is conjectured the answer is affirmative, but this conjecture has been neither proved nor disproved. Some of the cubes may be negative numbers, in contrast to Waring's problem on sums of cubes, where they are required to be positive.
The substitutions , , and in the identity
lead to the identity
which shows that every integer multiple of 6 is the sum of four cubes. (More generally, the same proof shows that every multiple of 6 in every ring is the sum of four cubes.)
Since every integer is congruent to its own cube modulo 6, it follows that every rational integer is the sum of five cubes of integers.
In 1966, proved that any integer that is congruent neither to 4 nor to −4 modulo 9 is the sum of four cubes of integers. For this, he used the following identities:
and
These identities (and those derived from them by passing to opposites) immediately show that any integer which is congruent neither to 4 nor to −4 modulo 9 and is congruent neither to 2 nor to −2 modulo 18 is a sum of four cubes of rational integers. Using more subtle reasonings, Demjanenko proved that integers congruent to 2 or to −2 modulo 18 are also sums of four cubes of integers.
The problem therefore only arises for integers congruent to 4 or to −4 modulo 9. One example is
but it is not known if every such integer can be written as a sum of four cubes.
18x±2 case
According to Henri Cohen's translation of Demjanenko's paper , these identities
together with their complementary identities leave the 108x±38 case, proving the proposition.
He also proves 108x±38 case in his paper.
See also
Sums of three cubes
Notes and references
Diophantine equations
Unsolved problems in mathematics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s%20graph | In mathematics, a queen's graph is an undirected graph that represents all legal moves of the queen—a chess piece—on a chessboard. In the graph, each vertex represents a square on a chessboard, and each edge is a legal move the queen can make, that is, a horizontal, vertical or diagonal move by any number of squares. If the chessboard has dimensions , then the induced graph is called the queen's graph.
Independent sets of the graphs correspond to placements of multiple queens where no two queens are attacking each other. They are studied in the eight queens puzzle, where eight non-attacking queens are placed on a standard chessboard. Dominating sets represent arrangements of queens where every square is attacked or occupied by a queen; five queens, but no fewer, can dominate the chessboard.
Colourings of the graphs represent ways to colour each square so that a queen cannot move between any two squares of the same colour; at least n colours are needed for an chessboard, but 9 colours are needed for the board.
Properties
There is a Hamiltonian cycle for each queen's graph, and the graphs are biconnected (they remain connected if any single vertex is removed). The special cases of the and queen's graphs are complete.
Independence
An independent set of the graph corresponds to a placement of several queens on a chessboard such that no two queens are attacking each other. In an chessboard, the largest independent set contains at most n vertices, as no two queens can be in the same row or column. This upper bound can be achieved for all n except n=2 and n=3. In the case of n=8, this is the traditional eight queens puzzle.
Domination
A dominating set of the queen's graph corresponds to a placement of queens such that every square on the chessboard is either attacked or occupied by a queen. On an chessboard, five queens can dominate, and this is the minimum number possible (four queens leave at least two squares unattacked). There are 4,860 such placements |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High%20integrity%20software | High-integrity software is software whose failure may cause serious damage with possible "life-threatening consequences." "Integrity is important as it demonstrates the safety, security, and maintainability of... code." Examples of high-integrity software are nuclear reactor control, avionics software, and process control software.
A number of standards are applicable to high-integrity software, including:
DO-178C, Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification
CENELEC EN 50128, Railway applications - Communication, signalling and processing systems - Software for railway control and protection systems
IEC 61508, Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic Safety-related Systems (E/E/PE, or E/E/PES)
See also
Safety-critical system
High availability software
Formal methods
Software of unknown pedigree
References
External links
Software by type
Software quality
Safety engineering |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiritimatiellota | The Kiritimatiellota are a phylum of bacteria.
References
Bacteria phyla |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.