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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive%2092/58/EEC | The Directive 92/58/EEC specifies the minimum requirements for safety signs within the European Union. It superseded the Directive 77/576/EEC. While not being replaced by the standard ISO 7010, both signage systems can be used. This directive does not apply to signage used for controlling roadway, railway, waterway or air transportation.
Structure
Directive 92/58/EEC consists of 3 sections, 12 articles and 9 annexes. Section one simply defines the function of the directive, as well as provide definitions. Section 2 specifies that employers are required to post safety/health signs, whenever a hazard can't be eliminated. It also provides guidance to member states regarding adoption of the directive in their laws and the implementation of the law. Signs already in use had to be brought up to Directive 92/58/EEC standards within 18 months after 24 June 1994. Signs posted on or after 24 June 1994 were required to comply with the directive when posted. Section 3 contained the effective date for the directive, repealed the older Directive 77/576, and reporting obligations of member states to the European Commission.
Annexes
The nine annexes of the directive layout the actual designs and requirements of signs regulated by the directive.
Annex I
Annex I, General Minimum Requirements Concerning Safety And/Or Health Signs At Work, lays out the types of signs, the colors used on signs, and the implementation/installation of signs.
Annex II (Signboards)
Annex II, Minimum General Requirements Concerning Signboards, spells out the designs of symbols used in the directive. While specific symbol designs are provided, pictograms are permitted to vary so long as the variation in design does not reduce the symbol's effectiveness at conveying its meaning.
The directive contains five categories of signs, as shown below:
Prohibitory signs
Warning signs
Mandatory signs
Emergency escape or first-aid signs
Fire-fighting signs
Annex III
Annex III, Minimum Requirements Governing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verifications.io | Verifications.io is a defunct email-focused technology firm whose primary practice was to validate email addresses for email marketing platforms. The company's platform allowed for email marketing firms to submit lists to the company, which would verify the lists for valid email addresses.
Verifications.io shut down in 2019 due to a major data breach, which was reported by some sources to be among the largest in recorded history. The total records within the company's largest single data release was 809 million records, 763 million of which were unique, though the total number of records which were exposed in three additional database leaks from the company would total to over 2 billion records breached.
Operations and company history
Verifications.io offered its clients services which could verify if emails were bounced, or were otherwise inactive, thereby helping email marketers send emails to actual users rather than random email addresses. The firm achieves its verifications by internal servers, which are matched with client records uploaded to the service for their verification. The firm verifies each email by sending a message to each address; if the message does not bounce, the firm considers it verified. Bounced emails are stored on a list which the firm can refer to in the event the same email is presented again.
Verifications.io officially claims to be an Estonian company based out of Tallinn, though many press filings released from and about the company suggested that it was based out of Boca Raton, Florida.
2019 data breach
The first Verifications.io data breach ultimately led to 763 million unique records being exposed to the web, with 809 million if counting duplicated records. The breakdown of the records was 798,171,891 email records; 4,150,600 phone records, and 6,217,358 business lead records. Each record also had the possibility of including a zip code, a physical address, an IP address, a name, a birthday, and the gender of the user. The po |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kling%E2%80%93Gupta%20efficiency | The Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) is a goodness-of-fit indicator widely used in the hydrologic sciences for comparing simulations to observations. It was created by hydrologic scientists Harald Kling and Hoshin Vijai Gupta. Its creators intended for it to improve upon widely used metrics such as the coefficient of determination and the Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient.
where:
is the Pearson correlation coefficient,
is a term representing the variability of prediction errors,
is a bias term.
The terms and are defined as follows:
where:
is the mean of the simulated time series (e.g.: flows predicted by the model)
is the mean of the observed time series
and
where:
is the variance of the simulated time series, so is estimated by the standard deviation of simulated data.
is the variance of the observed time series
A modified version, KGE', was proposed by Kling et al. in 2012.
References
Hydrology models |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20immune%20cells | This is a list of Immune cells, also known as white blood cells, white cells, leukocytes, or leucocytes. They are cells involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.
References
Immune system
Immune
Immunology
Human cells |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearance%20%28civil%20engineering%29 | In civil engineering, clearance refers to the difference between the loading gauge and the structure gauge in the case of railroad cars or trams, or the difference between the size of any vehicle and the width/height of doors, the width/height of an overpass or the diameter of a tunnel as well as the air draft under a bridge, the width of a lock or diameter of a tunnel in the case of watercraft. In addition, there is the difference between the deep draft and the stream bed or sea bed of a waterway.
For roadways and waterways, the clearance is typically specified as the width/height of a structure that the vehicle needs to pass instead of the difference between the vehicle and the structure.
Railways
In railways, clearance is the difference between the loading gauge and the structure gauge. A clearance standard is established using static rolling stock outline (static gauge) as the starting point. This is a cross-sectional outline of a maximum size rolling stock when it is not running. The standard then defines maximum kinematic rolling stock outline for when rolling stocks are running to account for suspension and lateral motion on the track. This is also known as "kinematic envelope". The standard also defines base operating standard for clearance which is larger than the kinematic envelope. This should be maximum outline of the normal rail operation and can only be infringed in special circumstances. The standard then adds another outline called maintenance intervention standard outline that larger than the base operating standard by defining a safety margin (contingency gap) from the kinematic envelope. When there is an infringement of this outline, a maintenance work is required to bring to clearance standard. This establish the loading gauge. Finally, the standard includes structure outline or structure gauge, leaving a space between the loading gauge and structure gauge as clearance.
Roadways
Vertical clearance
In roadways, vertical clearance is the measur |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20books%20bound%20in%20human%20skin | Anthropodermic bibliopegythe binding of books in human skinpeaked in the 19th century. The practice was most popular amongst doctors, who had access to cadavers in their profession. It was nonetheless a rare phenomenon even at the peak of its popularity, and fraudulent claims were commonplace; by 2020, the Anthropodermic Book Project had confirmed the existence of 18 books bound in human skin, out of 31 tested cases. Though anthropodermic bibliopegy is commonly associated with Nazi Germany and the Holocaust, there is no evidence to suggest the Nazis bound books in the skin of Holocaust victims, nor for similar claims such as lampshades made from human skin. Rather, the practice fell out of favour early in the twentieth century.
The ability to unequivocally identify book bindings as being of human skin dates only to the mid-2010s. For many years, identification tended to be visual, based predominantly on the structure of pores such as hair follicles in the skin. This could be combined with evidence as circumstantial as the bindings being of subjectively poor qualitytaken as a sign the skin used was acquired through suspicious means. In the early twenty-first century, DNA testing emerged as a potential means of identification, but this was confounded by human handling; items frequently touched by human hands could produce false positives, as tests would pick up on their remnants. DNA testing also proved non-viable owing to the degradation of DNA over time and the acceleration of such degradation by the tanning process used to turn skin into leather. The development of peptide mass fingerprinting permitted conclusive testing and became the gold standard method. The first book confirmed as authentic through its use was in 2014; it was a copy of Des destinées de l'ame by the French philosopher Arsène Houssaye, held in the Houghton Library of Harvard University.
Not all putatively anthropodermic books have been subject to such testing. A library or archive may decline t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeywell%20System%20700 | The Honeywell System 700 is a family of discontinued 16-bit minicomputers from Honeywell, Inc..
The System 700 was introduced in 1972 and was intended for use as "key elements in a complete functional system rather than as small 'bare bones' central processors."
As announced, the line comprises eight systems. Two systems use the older Honeywell 316 processor, and either the OP-16 or the BOS operating systems. The remaining six systems use the newer 716 processor, and the OS/700 operating system, which can be either disk- or memory-resident, or OP-16 or BOS. Systems came pre-configured as "a terminal control system, a peripheral control system, a multi-purpose system, a batch processing system, two sensor-based systems, a remote line concentrator and a remote message concentrator." A minimal system had a monthly rental as low as $1000 per month (), or could be purchased for $30,000 ().
"Both hardware and software place emphasis on the real-time processing required for process control, data collection, and data communications environments."
Processor
The 716 processor in the System 700 is backwards-compatible with the 316 and 516 processors, but adds features unavailable in these older processors. It is 20% faster than the DDP-516 and more than twice as fast as the H316.
Users
The System 700 was the standard remote terminal for the US military's Worldwide Military Command and Control System (WWMCCS) systems, which were built around Honeywell 6000 series mainframe systems.
References
External links
1972 introductions
Honeywell computers
Minicomputers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%20Zoological%20Society | The German Zoological Society (German: Deutsche Zoologische Gesellschaft; DZG) is a learned society in Germany, founded in 1890 at Frankfurt am Main. It is registered as a non-profit organisation (German: eingetragene Verein) based in Munich.
Activities
The DZG represents German-speaking zoologists and corresponds with other regional and national zoological societies. It represents the interests of zoology among the scientific learned societies and can be consulted by politicians for advice. Membership is open to any zoologist or student of zoology; the DZG currently has about 1500 members. It organises an annual meeting, which until 2004 was held during the week of Pentecost. However, as many universities no longer have a recess during that period, since 2005 the date of the meeting has been decided by the host university.
The DZG publishes its own scientific journal, Frontiers in Zoology, founded in 2004. It is published in cooperation with the online publisher BioMed Central. The DZG formerly published the Zoologische Anzeiger and Zoologische Jahrbücher, since discontinued.
The DZG awards several prizes to support or recognise scientific work.
Karl Ritter von Frisch Medal
The Karl Ritter von Frisch Medal is a scientific prize of the DZG. The Medal has been awarded every two years since 1980, to scientists who have distinguished themselves through outstanding zoological work that integrates knowledge from numerous biological disciplines. It is the most prominent scientific prize for zoology in Germany, with an award sum of 10,000 Euros.
List of medallists: 1980 Franz Huber, behavioral science
1982 Werner Nachtigall, bionics
1984 Otto Kinne, marine ecology
1986 Martin Lindauer, behavioral science
1988 Thomas Eisner, biology and chemical ecology
1990 Gerhard Neuweiler, zoology, neuro- and sensory physiology
1992 Herbert Jäckle, biophysics
1994 Rüdiger Wehner, zoology and behavioral science
1996 Bert Hölldobler, behavioral science, socbiology, evoluti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky%20crane%20%28landing%20system%29 | Sky crane is a soft landing system used in the last part of the entry, descent and landing (EDL) sequence developed by NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory for its two largest Mars rovers, Curiosity and Perseverance. While previous rovers used airbags for landing, both Curiosity and Perseverance were too heavy to be landed this way. Instead, a landing system that combines parachutes and sky crane was developed. Sky crane is a platform with eight engines that lowers the rover on three nylon tethers until the soft landing.
EDL begins when the spacecraft reaches the top of the Martian atmosphere. Engineers have referred to the time it takes to land on Mars as the "seven minutes of terror."
Background
First NASA rovers, Sojourner, and twin rovers Spirit and Opportunity, used parachutes, retrorockets, and airbags for landing. Curiosity, launched in 2011, weights nearly 900 kg, and was too heavy to be landed this way, as the airbags needed for it would be too heavy to be launched on a rocket. Instead, a landing system that combined a protective aeroshell, supersonic parachutes, and sky crane was developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) under Adam Steltzner. Sky crane is "an eight-rocket jetpack attached to the rover". This system is also much more precise: while the Mars Exploration Rovers could have landed anywhere within their respective 93-mile by 12-mile (150 by 20 kilometer) landing ellipses, Mars Science Laboratory will land within a 12-mile (20-kilometer) ellipse.
The Curiosity team invented the sky crane system studying old Viking landing system—its engines are "an upgraded 'reinvention' of Viking’s throttleable engines"—and landing experience from previous rovers. Sky crane works like a helicopter, and the team even consulted with Sikorsky Skycrane helicopter engineers and pilots.
Curiosity
Curiosity was the first rover landed using the sky crane maneuver. Following the parachute braking, at about altitude, still travelling at about , the rover and desc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice%20Henri%20L%C3%A9onard%20Pirenne | Maurice Henri Léonard Pirenne (30 May 1912, Verviers–11 October 1978, Oxford) was a Belgian scientist known for his work in vision physiology.
Early life and education
Pirenne was born to Maria (née Duesberg) and artist Maurice Lucien Henri Joseph Marie Pirenne on 30 May 1912 in Verviers, Belgium. His uncles were medievalist historian, Henri Pirenne and anatomist and cytologist . Pirenne's lifelong interest in drawing and painting, nurtured by his artist father, underscored his fascination with the convergence of visual physiology and artistic expression. While still at school he read Brücke and Helmholtz on the optics of painting.
Scientist
After earning his Doctor of Science degree from Liege in 1937 and supported by a grant from the Belgian government, he engaged in a year of research in molecular physics under Peter Debye's mentorship, attending seminars led by Victor Henri in which he established connections with significant fellow students. A pivotal phase of his career was the next three years, 1938–40, spent at Columbia University in New York as a Fellow of the Belgian American Educational Foundation where he collaborated with Selig Hecht to explore the biophysics of vision. With Hecht, Pirenne investigated iris contraction in the nocturnal long-eared owl in reaction to infrared radiation. This experience significantly influenced his future devotion to the biophysics of vision.
Visual perception
After experiments they reported to the American Association for the Advancement of Science that received attention oil the media, in 1942, a joint paper authored by Hecht, Shlaer, and Pirenne marked a turning point in the understanding of visual perception near the absolute threshold level by measuring the minimum number of photons the human eye can detect 60% of the time. This paper highlighted that the perceived variability, previously attributed to biological causes, predominantly stemmed from physical fluctuations in the small quantity of light quanta ab |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chasing%20Shadows%3A%20My%20Life%20Tracking%20the%20Great%20White%20Shark | Chasing Shadows: My Life Tracking the Great White Shark is a memoir written by Greg Skomal that chronicles his decades long career as an Atlantic shark researcher. It was published in July 2023 by William Morrow, an imprint of HarperCollins. Ret Talbot, a science writer and independent journalist, co-authored this book. Talbot collaborated with Skomal so that the book would appeal to a general audience. The goal for Skomal is to educate and share insights with readers about the Great white shark.
Other books
Close to Shore by Michael Capuzzo about the Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916
Twelve Days of Terror by Richard Fernicola about the same events
The Devil's Teeth by Canadian born journalist Susan Casey.
References
External links
Book excerpt
Ret Talbot biography page.
2023 non-fiction books
American memoirs
Marine life in popular culture
Marine biology
American marine biologists
Technology books
Oceans
HarperCollins books
American non-fiction books
Biology books
Cruelty to animals
History books about the United States
Books about sharks
Science autobiographies |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-acute%20infection%20syndrome | Post-acute infection syndromes (PAISs) or post-active phase of infection syndromes are a group of medical conditions characterized by chronic illness triggered by an infection. They are sometimes referred to as infection-associated chronic illnesses as well. While it is commonly assumed that people either recover or die from infections, illness is a possible outcome as well. Examples include long COVID (post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, PASC), chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), and post-Ebola virus syndrome. Common symptoms include post-exertional malaise (PEM), severe fatigue, neurocognitive symptoms, flu-like symptoms, and pain. The pathology of most of these conditions is not understood and management is generally symptomatic.
Classification
PAIS is a broad term describing conditions triggered by various infections, including long COVID, ME/CFS, post-Ebola virus syndrome, post-dengue fatigue syndrome, post-polio syndrome, post-SARS syndrome, post-chikungunya disease, Q fever fatigue syndrome, post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome, and symptoms observed after other infections lacking a specific name. Other better-understood sequela of infections include multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), delayed acute encephalitis (a rare sequela of measles), and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. ME/CFS has similar symptoms, and usually, but not always, has an apparent infectious trigger.
Many of these conditions, together with multiple sclerosis, are also sometimes categorized as infection-associated chronic illnesses.
Causes
Pathogens associated with PAISs include SARS-CoV-2 (causing COVID-19), Ebolavirus, Dengue virus, poliovirus, SARS-CoV-1 (causing SARS), Chikungunya virus, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), West Nile virus (WNV), Ross River virus (RRV), Coxsackie B, influenza A virus subtype H1N1, varicella zoster virus (VZV), Coxiella burnetii, Borrelia, and Giardia. However, the strength of evidence associating these pathogens with chronic ill |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnowing%20basket | A winnowing basket or fan is a tool for winnowing grain from chaff while removing dirt and dust too. They have been used traditionally in a number of civilizations for centuries, and are still in use today in some countries.
Use
Unprocessed grain, mixed with impurities like dirt or inedible husks, is placed on the basket. The basket is then lifted and shaken, which separates out lighter particles (usually inedible husks) from heavier particles (the grain). The process can benefit from mild wind, which can carry away lighter particles.
By region
Ancient Greece
The () appears in the Iliad (5.4999).
Korea
These are known as () in Korea, and were used throughout the region for centuries. There was some regional variation in what materials the were constructed from, with southern regions using primarily bamboo instead of wicker.
Traditions
There is a folk tradition where children who are unable to adequately control when they urinate (particularly while sleeping) are made to wear the on their head, then sent to knock on the doors of their neighbors and ask for salt. This served to publicly embarrass the child into compliance, as neighbors would recognize why the child was knocking on their door.
In South Gyeongsang Province, there was a tradition where people avoided buying the baskets on the first market day of each lunar year, as the baskets, as they would with husks, would allow good luck to escape. A tradition on Jeju Island involved a type of divination, where on Lunar New Year's Eve, the baskets would be cleaned, washed, and placed facedown. The following morning, the baskets would be inspected. If rice was present under the basket, then the harvest would be good that year.
Japan
They are known as or .
India
These have been used in India from centuries and still see widespread contemporary use. They are known as soup in Hindi and dala in Bangla. In West Bengal, Odisha, Assam, and Bihar the tool is also used to welcome the groom during marriage cer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scruffy%20dome | A scruffy dome is a steel grille that is placed over the inlet of a manhole, and is usually dome shaped. They function as a way for stormwater to enter the pipe network without allowing larger debris in, such as people or animals. Scruffy domes are usually placed in parks and wetlands, and are usually made with galvanised steel.
References
Civil engineering |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site%20leaks | Cross-site leaks, also known as XS-Leaks, are a class of web security vulnerabilities. This class of vulnerabilities allow an attacker to gain access to sensitive information about a user's browsing session while using other websites. This is done by leveraging long-standing information leakage issues (side channels) inherent to the design of the web platform, such as the use of CSS attributes or cache timing information to reveal a user's previous browsing habits.
The existence of cross-site leaks has been known since 2000 when it was first discovered by researchers at Purdue University. However, most modern defences against these class of attacks have been introduced relatively recently in the form of extensions to the HTTP protocol which allow websites to instruct the browser to selectively disallow or annotate certain kinds of stateful cross-origin requests.
Background
For a web application, or web app, there are two primary components: a web browser and multiple web servers. The web browser interacts with the web servers via the HTTP protocol and socket connections to render a web application. Certain parts of the web application need to react to user input or other client-side logic; this is done by executing HTML, CSS or Javascript as part of the rendering process. During this process, the web app transitions in between a lot of well-defined states. These states are often synced between the web server and the web browser via the HTTP or socket protocol.
To provide isolation and security of different web applications from each other, the interactions between the execution context of these apps are governed by the same-origin policy. A specific web application cannot reach into a different web app's execution context and arbitrarily gain information about the execution state of the other web application. However, a web application can embed content from other web apps using frames or requests to third-party sites via cross-origin requests. Cross-site leaks |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton%20360%20%282006%E2%80%932014%29 | Norton 360 was an "all-in-one" security suite for the consumer market developed by Symantec (now Gen Digital). Originally released in 2006, it was discontinued in 2014; its features were carried over to its successor, Norton Security. However, in 2019, Symantec (under former corporate name Norton LifeLock) released a "NEW Norton 360", as a product replacement for Norton Security.
Version history
Project Genesis
Symantec announced Project Genesis on February 7, 2006. Genesis would differ from Symantec's other consumer security products by incorporating file backup and performance optimization tools with antivirus capabilities and a firewall. Phishing protection and real-time heuristics were also planned. Windows Vista compatibility was a major aspect of Genesis. Genesis was slated for release in September. In May 2005, Microsoft announced Windows Live OneCare, a security suite with similar functionalities, slated for release in 2006.
Genesis was renamed Norton 360 on May 31, 2006. Its feature set was confirmed—it would have the same functionalities as Norton Internet Security—with file backup, performance tools, phishing protection, and real-time heuristics. A public beta test was planned for summer 2006. The final release date was set at the end of 2006. The same day, McAfee announced Falcon, a security suite with similar functionalities as Norton 360 and OneCare. However, those dates were delayed. OneCare was launched in summer 2006 while Falcon entered public beta testing.
Some viewed Norton 360 as a response to Microsoft's antivirus software, OneCare. However, with the release of OneCare, some saw Symantec as lagging behind its rivals. Mark Bregman, Symantec's vice president, claimed the upcoming Norton 360 was not intended to compete with OneCare, stating "We somehow left the wrong impression in the market place that there's Windows Live OneCare from Microsoft, there's Falcon from McAfee, and there's nothing from Symantec."
The first public beta was deliver |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mois%C3%A9s%20Exp%C3%B3sito-Alonso | Moisés Expósito-Alonso (born March, 1990, Alicante) is a Spanish scientist principal investigator in the Departments of Plant Biology and Global Ecology from the Carnegie Institution for Science and assistant professor at Stanford University. His research includes the study of plants and how climate change affects their evolution. In 2023, Exposito-Alonso was selected as one of the inaugural Freeman Hrabowski Scholars from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Education
Exposito-Alonso graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in biology from the University of Seville, Spain, in 2013. He completed his Master of Science in quantitative and population genetics from the University of Edinburgh in 2014. He conducted his doctorate in 2018 at the Max Planck Institute of Biology in Tübingen, Germany under Detlef Weigel. After his PhD, Exposito-Alonso conducted a postdoctoral position in 2019 at the University of California, Berkeley in the Integrative Biology department with Rasmus Nielsen.
Career and research
Exposito-Alonso's research includes the study of genetic and phenotypic basis of plant local adaptation to different climates using Arabidopsis thaliana as model system. His research combines large-scale common garden experiments and genome sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9 to study the consequence of gene edits in Arabidopsis. His research has been published in journals such as Nature (journal), Science (journal), Cell (journal), Evolution (journal), the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America and independent news media such as The Scientist (magazine) and El País.
In January 2024, Expósito Alonso will be joining the University of California, Berkeley as an assistant professor of global change biology, member of the Innovative Genomics Institute and Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Selected publications
Exposito-Alonso M., Booker T.R., Czech .L, Gillespie L., Hateley S., Kyriazis, C.C., Lang, P., Leventhal, L., Nogues-Bravo, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain%20flaker | A grain flaker (also oat roller or flaking mill) is a tool for flattening whole-seed cereal grains. When this is done with oats, the seed form, called groats, becomes a foodstuff called rolled oats. Whole grains store longer but cereals are usually cooked before consumption by humans; the rolling process significantly decreases cooking time. Spelt and wheat can also be rolled. Grains other than oats may need to be softened before they can be rolled. Oat rollers work by flattening the grain against a rolling cylinder. It is possible to build a home-scale manually cranked flaking mill. Oats can also be flaked using a rolling pin or a pasta press.
Using a grain flaker to produced rolled oats for horse feed may decrease horse indigestion compared to feed composed solely of groats.
References
Food processing
Cereals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human-guided%20migration | Human-guided migration or human-led migration is a method of restoring migratory routes of birds bred by humans for their reintroduction into the wild.
It is a technique especially used for endangered species in which the loss of individuals and territories has caused the disappearance of their migratory routes. To prevent their extinction, captive breeding has been needed, so their subsequent release into the wild requires teaching these routes to the juveniles.
Hand-reared juveniles have been imprinted on their adoptive parents, whom they follow. After a period of flight training and adaptation to the aircraft and its noise, the juveniles accompany their adoptive parents by flying to their wintering grounds.
This technique has been used in birds such as the northern bald ibis or the whooping crane, among other species.
See also
Cross-fostering
Fostering (falconry)
Hack (falconry)
Hand-rearing
Puppet-rearing
References
Bird migration
Animal breeding
Animal reintroduction
Conservation biology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arie%20Bialostocki | Arie Bialostocki is an Israeli American mathematician with expertise and contributions in discrete mathematics and finite groups.
Education and career
Arie received his BSc, MSc, and PhD (1984) degrees from Tel-Aviv University in Israel. His dissertation was done under the supervision of Marcel Herzog. After a year of postdoc at University of Calgary, Canada, he took a faculty position at the University of Idaho, became a professor in 1992, and continued to work there until he retired at the end of 2011.
At Idaho, Arie maintained correspondence and collaborations with researchers from around the world who would share similar interests in mathematics. His Erdős number is 1. He has supervised seven PhD students and numerous undergraduate students who enjoyed his colorful anecdotes and advice. He organized the Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program
at the University of Idaho from 1999 to 2003 attracting
many promising undergraduates who themselves have gone on to their
outstanding research careers.
Mathematics research
Arie has published more than 50 publications in reputed mathematics journals. The following are some of Arie's most important contributions:
Bialostocki redefined a -injector in a finite group G to be any maximal nilpotent subgroup of satisfying , where is the largest cardinality of a subgroup of which is nilpotent of class at most . Using his definition, it was proved by several authors that in many non-solvable groups the nilpotent injectors form a unique conjugacy class.
Bialostocki contributed to the generalization of the Erdős-Ginzburg-Ziv theorem (also known as the EGZ theorem). He conjectured: if is a sequence of elements of , then contains at least zero sums of length . The EGZ theorem is a special case where . The conjecture was partially confirmed by Kisin, Füredi and Kleitman, and Grynkiewicz.
Bialostocki introduced the EGZ polynomials and contributed to generalize the EGZ theorem for higher degree polynomial |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogbonna%20Oparaku | Oparaku Ogbonna Ukachukwu is a Nigerian professor of electronic engineering from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. He is a former dean of faculty of Engineering and head of department of electrical and electronics engineering. He is a member of the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
Education
Ogbonna obtained his West African School Certificate from Government Secondary School Afikpo in 1975. He got admission into the University of Nigeria Nsukka in the same year and graduated in 1980. He was a beneficiary of British Council Scholarship in 1985 and he used it to further his doctorate degree. In 1988, he obtained his PhD in Solid State Electronics and focus on the “Fabrication, Characterization and Stability Studies of InP/ITO Solar Cells from University of Northumbria at Newcastle.
Career
Ogbonna started his career after his NYSC as a Maintenance Engineer as General Electric Company (Telecommunications) at Apapa. In 1983, he was employed by University of Nigeria Nsukka as a graduate assistant where he worked at the department of Electronic Engineering and the National Centre for Energy Research and Development till he was appointed a professor in 2003.
Administrative appointments
Ogbonna was appointed as the Director of the National Centre for Energy Research and Development from 2004 to 2009. In 2011, he was appointed the Head of Department of Electronic Engineering.
Membership and fellowship
Ogbonna is a member of Nigerian Society of Engineer, Institution of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), Solar Energy Society of Nigeria. He is a fellow of International Solar Energy Society, the Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria(COREN) and Nigerian Meteorological Society
Selected publications
Okafor, K.C., Ugwoke, F.N., Obayi, A.A., Chijindu, V.C. and Oparaku, O.U., 2016. Analysis of cloud network management using resource allocation and task scheduling services. Intern |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carr%C3%A9%20du%20champ%20operator | The (French for square of a field operator) is a bilinear, symmetric operator from analysis and probability theory. The measures how far an infinitesimal generator is from being a derivation.
The operator was introduced in 1969 by Hiroshi Kunita and independently discovered in 1976 by Jean-Pierre Roth in his doctorial thesis.
The name "carré du champ" comes from electrostatics.
Carré du champ operator for a Markov semigroup
Let be a σ-finite measure space, a Markov semigroup of non-negative operators on , the infinitesimale generator of and the algebra of functions in , i.e. a vector space such that for all also .
Carré du champ operator
The of a Markovian semigroup is the operator definied (following P. A. Meyer) as
for all .
Properties
From the definition follows
The is positive then for follows from that and
The domain is
Remarks
The definition in Roth's thesis is slightly different.
Bibliography
References
Analysis
Probability
Functions and mappings |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE%20Journal%20on%20Multiscale%20and%20Multiphysics%20Computational%20Techniques | IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques is a yearly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the IEEE. It was co-founded in 2016 by IEEE Microwave Theory and Technology Society, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society and IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Society. The journal covers the advances in computational electromagnetics, computational physics and applications of numerical methods in electrical engineering. Its editor-in-chief is Costas D. Sarris (University of Toronto).
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 2.3.
References
External links
Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques, IEEE Journal on
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 2016
Bimonthly journals
Electronics journals
Electromagnetism journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadram%20Quadcolor | The Quadram Quadcolor is a graphics card for IBM PC computers by Quadram Corporation, first sold in 1983. It is a superset of the then-current CGA standard, using the same monitor standard (4-bit digital TTL RGBI monitor or NTSC composite video) and providing the same pixel resolutions.
Description
The Quadcolor has twice the memory of a standard CGA board (32k, compared to 16k). The additional memory can be used in graphics modes to double the color depth, giving two additional graphics modes — 136 colors at resolution, or 16 colors at resolution.
Models
Quadram Quadcolor I
Quadram Quadcolor II
Output capabilities
CGA compatible modes:
in 4 colors from a 16 color hardware palette.
In addition to the CGA modes, it offers:
with 136 colors
with 16 colors
See also
Tandy Graphics Adapter, a graphics hardware system with similar capabilities.
Plantronics Colorplus
Hercules InColor Card
Orchid Graphics Adapter
References
External links
Quadram Quadcolor I and II Drivers
Quadram Quadcolor I – Operation Manual
Quadram Quadcolor II – Operation Manual
Quadram Quadjet manual
Meet the "Super CGA" Cards
Computer display standards
Graphics cards
Computer-related introductions in 1983 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%CE%94-%20and%20%CE%94Y-transformation | In graph theory, ΔY- and YΔ-transformations (also written delta-wye and wye-delta) are a pair of operations on graphs.
A ΔY-transformation replaces a triangle by a vertex of degree three; and conversely, a YΔ-transformation replaces a vertex of degree three by a triangle.
The name for the operations derives from the shapes of the involved subgraphs, which look respectively like the letter Y and the Greek capital letter Δ.
A YΔ-transformation might create parallel edges, even if applied to a simple graph. For this reason ΔY- and YΔ-transformations are often considered as operations on multigraphs.
On multigraphs both operations preserve the edge count and are exact inverses of each other.
In the context of simple graphs it is common to combine a YΔ-transformation with a subsequent normalization step that reduces any parallel edges to a single edge.
This might no longer preserve the number of edges, nor be exactly reversible via a ΔY-transformation.
Formal definition
Let be a graph (potentially a multigraph).
If the edges form a triangle with vertices , then a ΔY-transformation of at removes and adds a new vertex adjacent to all of .
If is a vertex of degree three with neighbors , then a YΔ-transformation of at deletes and adds three new edges so that connects and .
If the resulting graph is supposed to be a simple graph, then any resulting parallel edges are to be replaced by a single edge.
Relevance
ΔY- and YΔ-transformations are studied as a tool both in pure graph theory as well as applications.
Both operations preserve a number of natural topological properties of graphs, such as being planar or linkless.
They are therefore used to compactly describe the families of forbidden minors as well as other graph families. For example:
the Petersen family (the six forbidden minors for the linkless graphs) is generated from the complete graph using ΔY- and YΔ-transformations.
the Heawood family (consisting of 78 graphs) is generated from an |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression%20point | The compression point is a metric describing an aspect of electronic amplifiers. For example, the 1-dB compression point is the output power of the amplifier (for the signal of interest) at which it differs from an ideal linear amplifier by more than 1 dB. So a larger 1-dB compression point means that the amplifier can produce larger outputs (for the same amount of distortion).
References
Electronic amplifiers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layers%20of%20protection%20analysis | A Layers of protection analysis (LOPA) is a technique for evaluating the hazards, risks and layers of protection associated with a system, such as a chemical process plant. In terms of complexity and rigour LOPA lies between qualitative techniques such as Hazard and Operability studies (HAZOP) and quantitative techniques such as fault trees and event trees. LOPA is used to identify scenarios that present the greatest risk and assists in considering how that risk could be reduced.
Introduction
LOPA is a risk assessment technique that uses rules to evaluate the frequency of an initiating event, the independent protection layer (IPL), and the consequences of the event. LOPA aims to identify the counter measures available against the potential consequences of a risk. An IPL is a device, system or action that prevents a scenario from escalating. The effectiveness of an ILP is quantified by its probability of failure on demand (PFD), in the range 0 to 1. An IPL must be independent of the other protective layers and its functionality must be capable of validation.
LOPA was developed in the 1990s in the chemical process industry but has found wider application.
Layers of Protection
Safety protection systems for process plant typically comprises eight layers.
LOPA is used to determine how a process deviation can lead to a hazardous event if not interrupted by an IPL.
The LOPA procedure
LOPA is a risk assessment undertaken on a ‘one cause - one consequence’ pair. The steps of a LOPA risk assessment are:
Identify the consequences, see Risk Matrix
Define the risk tolerance criteria (RTC), the tolerable/intolerable region on the Risk Matrix
Define the relevant accident scenario, e.g. mechanical or human failure
Determine the initiating event frequency, see Risk Matrix
Identify the conditions and estimate the probability of failure on demand (PFD)
Estimate the frequency of unmitigated consequences
Identify the IPLs and estimate the PFD for each one
Determine the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battleboarding | Battleboarding is an online activity where netizens discuss and debate around hypothetical fights between individuals, most popularly, fictional characters. These debates are often held in forums, blogs, sites and wikis, known as versus sites or battle boards. Users who engage in battleboarding online are often called "battleboarders".
The earliest iterations of battleboarding first appeared in various online boards and forums, though its origins can be traced back to magazine pages, television shows, and comic book letter columns. Eventually, the online activity grew, becoming one of the most popular internet activity today, and spawning many online communities dedicated solely for battleboarding. It soon evolved into its own subculture, and even went on to inspire other media.
History
Origins
Before the advent of the internet, articles about hypothetical fights were published in magazines. These articles range from topics like sports, comics and anime, such as Black Belt Magazine issue May 1997 which discussed about a hypothetical match between Muhammad Ali and Bruce Lee, and Wizard Magazine #133 which discussed about various hypothetical fights between American comic characters against Japanese anime characters. During that time, many comic book publishers also conceptualized and published "versus" storylines like Batman Versus Predator and Justice League/Avengers.
Other inspiration behind battleboarding were television shows and documentaries whose premise were about hypothetical fights concerning a variety of subjects like zoology, paleontology, and military history. These include shows such as Animal Face-Off (which pitted animals against each other), Deadliest Warrior (which pitted historical warriors, oftentimes from different time periods, against each other), and Jurassic Fight Club (which was about analyzing cases where different types of dinosaurs fought one another). Death Battle, a web series about pitting fictional characters against each other th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallic%20horse | Gallic horse, also known as Equus caballus gallicus, is a prehistoric subspecies of Equus caballus (the horse) that lived in the Upper Paleolithic. It first appeared in the Aurignacian period because of climatic changes and roamed the territory of present-day France during the Gravettian and up to the end of the Solutrean. Its fossils, dated from 40,000 to around 15,000 years BC, are close to those of Equus caballus germanicus (the Germanic horse) and may not correspond to a valid subspecies. First described by François Prat in 1968, it is around tall and differs from Equus caballus germanicus mainly in its dentition and slightly smaller size.
Validity status
There is no consensus among specialists as to the validity of the subspecies Equus caballus gallicus. Based on paleontological discoveries at numerous sites in present-day France, such as Solutré, Camiac and La Quina, François Prat postulates that Equus caballus gallicus gradually replaced Equus caballus germanicus and that the two subspecies are distinct. On the other hand, Véra Eisenmann, a CNRS and MNHN researcher, postulates that the specimens attributed to Equus caballus gallicus do not present a sufficiently distinct variation from the subspecies Equus caballus germanicus. However, it is accepted that Equus caballus arcelini, a well-differentiated subspecies, has replaced the populations made up of specimens traditionally attributed to Equus caballus germanicus and Equus caballus gallicus.
Discovery and taxonomy
The discovery of this subspecies followed the examination of horse bones found at Solutré and recovered by Jean Combier. Noting differences in morphology associated with different dating (suggesting different species or subspecies among these fossils), François Prat and Combier postulated the existence of two differentiated types of horse on this site: Equus caballus gallicus and Equus caballus arcelini. The name chosen refers to the territory that Equus caballus gallicus occupied, Gaul. Beca |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho-Young%20Kim | Ho-Young Kim is a mechanical engineer and an academic. He is a Professor and chair in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Seoul National University.
Kim's research interests encompass fluid mechanics, biofluid dynamics, microfluidics, soft matter, and their applications in bio-inspired soft mechanics, biomimetic soft robotics, nanofluidics, and renewable energy. Among numerous awards, he is the recipient of SNU President's Research Excellence Award, Gasan Award for Research Excellence and the Namheon Award for Research Excellent from the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Kim is a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He has served as an Associate Editor for Droplet.
Education
Kim obtained his B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Seoul National University in 1994. In 1996, he pursued an S.M. (Master of Science) in Mechanical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge and earned his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from MIT in 1999.
Career
Kim began his career as a Senior Research Scientist as Military Service at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology from 1999 to 2004. During the military stint, he held positions as a Visiting Scholar at the Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 2001 and a Visiting Scientist at the University of Cambridge, in 2002. In 2004, he worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences at Harvard University. He then joined Seoul University as an assistant professor in the same year and has held the position of Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Seoul National University since 2014.
Kim has held numerous professional appointments, including Track Chair for the World Congress on Biomechanics 2022 and co-chair for the International Conference on Nature Inspired Surface Engineering 2020, and organizer for the IUTAM Symposium on Capillarity and Elastocapillarity in Biol |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship%20of%20Harkinian | Ship of Harkinian is an unofficial source port of the 1998 Nintendo 64 video game, The Legend of Zelda: The Ocarina of Time, that runs on Microsoft Windows, Linux, macOS, Wii U, and Nintendo Switch.
It first released in March 2022 for Windows, four months after Ocarina of Time's source code was decompiled and released. Since then, Ship of Harkinian has received ports to Linux and macOS, and unlicensed ports to Wii U and Nintendo Switch.
Updates to Ship of Harkinian have attracted media attention, as they often integrate options and features which aren't present in any official release of Ocarina of Time.
The title of the project is an allusion to the philosophical thought experiment Ship of Theseus, and popular internet memes about The Legend of Zelda CD-i games.
Development
Decompilation of Ocarina of Time
In November 2021, after 21 months of development, the Zelda Reverse Engineering Team (ZRET) successfully decompiled the executable to The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time into human-readable code. While the decompilation project was principally carried out for the sake of documenting the game's creation and backend functionality, it also made possible the potential creation of source ports of Ocarina of Time, which would allow the game to be recompiled and run on platforms it wasn't originally developed for. Speaking to Ars Technica, ZRET member Rozlette stated that source ports were "outside the scope of what we do".
Ship of Harkinian's Early Development and Release
In June 2020, developers Jack Walker and Kenix discussed the potential of a PC port of Ocarina of Time based on the ZRET decompilation project's work; at the time, Ocarina of Time's decompilation was only 17% complete. Development on what would later become Ship of Harkinian began in November 2021, coinciding with the decompilation project reaching completion.
In January 2022, a group of community developers named Harbour Masters released footage and screenshots of Ocarina of Time running na |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocarditis-myositis-myasthenia%20gravis%20overlap%20syndrome | Myocarditis-myositis-myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome (IM3OS) is a rare immune-related adverse event primarily associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These ICIs, which have been incorporated into the treatment of various malignancies, function by activating the immune system to detect and attack cancer cells. However, a side effect can involve the immune system inadvertently attacking normal tissues and organs.
Clinical presentation
The most commonly reported symptoms in patients with IM3OS include fatigue and muscle weakness. Other symptoms can be specific to the organs affected, such as cardiac arrhythmias and depressed ejection fraction in cases where the heart is involved.
Diagnosis and management
A high index of clinical suspicion is necessary for diagnosis. Prompt comprehensive investigations are required to ascertain the presence of IM3OS, especially in patients who have recently received ICIs. The median number of ICI doses before the onset of IM3OS symptoms has been reported to be one. Immediate initiation of immunosuppressive therapy and supportive therapies, such as high-dose steroids, is paramount upon suspicion or diagnosis of IM3OS. Early multidisciplinary team involvement is also essential.
Prognosis
IM3OS is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. In a systematic review, 60% of patients diagnosed with IM3OS succumbed to acute complications in the hospital.
References
Syndromes
Oncology
Immunology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleolus%20%28game%20theory%29 | In cooperative game theory, the nucleolus of a cooperative game is the solution (i.e., allocation of payments to players) that maximizes the smallest excess of a coalition (where the excess is the difference between the payment given to the coalition and the value the coalition could get by deviating). Subject to that, the nucleolus satisfies the second-smallest excess; and so on, in the leximin order. The nucleolus was introduced by David Schmeidler.
Background
In a cooperative game, there is a set N of players, who can cooperate and form coalitions. Each coalition S (subset of players) has a value, which is the profit that S can make if they coopereate on their own, ignoring the other players in N. The players opt to form the grand coalition - a coalition containing all players in N. The question then arises, how should the value of the grand coalition be allocated among the players? Each such allocation of value is called a solution or a payoff vector.
The excess of any coalition S from a given payoff-vector x is the difference between the total payoff to members of S under x, and the value of S. Note that the excess can be positive, negative or zero. Intuitively, a solution in which all coalitions have a higher excess is more stable, since coalitions are less incentivized to deviate from the grand-coalition.
The nucleolus is a single solution, for which the vector of excesses of all coalitions is largest in the leximin order. Intuitively, the nucleolus maximizes the stability of the solution by minimizing the incentives of coalitions to deviate.
Definitions
A cooperative game is represented by a value function , which assigns a value to each possible coalition (each subset of players). A solution to a cooperative game is a vector , which assigns a payoff to each player in N. A solution should satisfy the basic requirement of efficiency: the sum of payoffs should exactly equal v(N) -- the value of the grand coalition. A payoff solution satisfying this cond |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URDF | URDF, Unified Robot Description Format is an XML format for representing a robot model.
URDF is commonly used in Robot Operating System(ROS) tools such as rviz (Robit Visualization tool) and Gazebo simulator. The model consists of links and joints motion.
See also
Robotics simulator
Robot Operating System
XML
Xacro
sdformat
Open Robotics
References
External links
URDF XML Specifications
What is the Unified Robotics Description Format (URDF)?
Repository for URDF parsing code, github.com
Open-source robots
Robot operating systems
Cross-platform software
XML |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Coulson | Alan Coulson (born 1947) is a British biotechnology pioneer and genome scientist. He is best known for his work on developing DNA sequencing technologies with Frederick Sanger and his contributions to the Caenorhabditis elegans and human genome projects.
Biography
Alan Coulson was born in Cambridge in 1947 and as a youth attended the Cambridge Grammar School for Boys and subsequently the Deacon's School in Peterborough. He achieved his higher national diploma in Applied Biology from Leicester Polytechnic in 1967.
Under the mentorship of John Sulston, Coulson completed his PhD titled The Physical Map of the C. elegans Genome, in 1994.
Career
Coulson joined Sanger's group at the Medical Research Council’s Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) as a technician in 1967, shortly after receiving his diploma. With Sanger, Coulson developed many of the early DNA sequencing technologies, including the DNA polymerase primed synthesis ("plus and minus") technique and, eventually, dideoxynucleotide chain-terminating sequencing, which was later termed Sanger sequencing.
Sanger readily acknowledged Coulson's contributions to the development of DNA sequencing technologies, describing him as "my main collaborator in the later DNA work".
After Sanger's retirement in 1983, Coulson contributed to the physical mapping and genome sequencing project of the nematode C. elegans, led by John Sulston and Bob Waterston at the LMB and subsequently the Sanger Centre. This effort was the first to produce the complete genome sequence of an animal. Coulson later contributed to the human genome project.
Coulson left the Sanger Center (by then renamed the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute) in 2003 and returned to work at the LMB until his retirement in 2007.
References
Living people
1947 births
English geneticists
Scientists from Cambridge
Alumni of Leicester Polytechnic
Medical Research Council (United Kingdom) people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Where%20Do%20Camels%20Belong%3F | Where Do Camels Belong? is a book by biologist Ken Thompson.
The book examines the science and history of invasive species. The book describes itself as 'an examination of the whole question of native and alien species, and what might be called an alien invasions industry - and its implications'.
The title of the book is in reference to a question posed on its first page, questioning the reader as to 'where camels belong?' as a native species; while pointing out that whilst most associated with the Middle East, camels actually first evolved in North America, are most diverse in South America, and have their only truly wild extant population in Australia.
References
2014 non-fiction books
Biology books
Invasive species
Evolutionary biology
Climate change |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/264%20%28number%29 | 264 is the natural number following 263 and preceding 265.
In mathematics
264 is an even composite number, composed of three prime numbers multiplied together.
264 is a Harshad number.
264 can be divided by each of its digits.
In technology
Advanced Video Coding also known as "H-264"
+264 is the telephone country code for Namibia
Other fields
The calendar years 264 AD and 264 BC
The longest someone has gone without sleeping is 264 hours.
NGC 264, a lenticular galaxy
References
Integers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand-rearing | Hand-rearing, artificial-rearing, human-rearing or hand-raising is the process of caring for and feeding juvenile animals by humans during a stage when they would normally be fed by their parents.
For the hand-rearing of mammals, a bottle with milk from a female of their species, milk from another closely related species, or an appropriate milk formula can be used.
In the case of birds, in some instances, hand-rearing with puppets that mimic the mother's head with key features to stimulate the chick's beak opening and food ingestion may be necessary.
Hand-rearing can lead to habituation or imprinting of these animals towards humans, with the risk that adults may not exhibit normal behavior towards their species' companions, especially in animals raised for reintroduction into the wild. Potential difficulties include integration into groups of conspecifics, learning natural behaviors such as hunting, choosing a mate, as well as raising their own offspring.
However, in livestock farming and domestic animal breeding, habituating animals to humans can be of great utility.
See also
Artificial incubation
Cross-fostering
Fostering (falconry)
Hack (falconry)
Human-guided migration
Puppet-rearing
References
Animal breeding
Animal reintroduction
Conservation biology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal%20character | In computer science, an illegal character is a character that is not allowed by a certain programming language, protocol, or program. To avoid illegal characters, some languages may use an escape character which is a backslash followed by another character.
Examples
Windows
In the Windows operating system, illegal characters in file and folder names include colons, brackets, question marks, and null characters.
References
Character encoding |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosie%20%28shark%29 | Rosie is a preserved great white shark located at Crystal World Exhibition Centre in Devon Meadows, Australia. She was originally preserved in a glass tank of formaldehyde on display at Wildlife Wonderland in Bass, Victoria which closed in 2012 due to animal welfare concerns and operating without appropriate licences.
History
The great white shark was killed after becoming caught in the Lukin family's tuna fishing nets on the coast of South Australia in 1997. Seal Rocks Sea Life Centre initially showed interest in purchasing the shark from the Lukin family, but later decided against the purchase. Wildlife Wonderland purchased her instead.
As the shark was being transported to Wildlife Wonderland in Victoria in a refrigerated truck, it was impounded by the Government of South Australia because a woman had been reported missing, requiring a necropsy of the shark at the South Australian Museum.
Following the necropsy, the shark was preserved in a formaldehyde solution in a custom-built tank.
Founder of Wildlife Wonderland, John Matthews recalled the operation of ownership: "It was a huge logistical operation, working with Melbourne Museum, and all up cost us about $500,000."
"We had to build a purpose-built room and the roof had to be removed and the shark craned in and put into a new, sealed tank."
In 2012, Wildlife Wonderland was reported to have been operating its business without appropriate licenses, forcing it to cease operations and surrender all live animals to RSPCA Australia and the Department of Sustainability and Environment Victoria.
Vandalism
In November 2018, a video released on YouTube by urban explorer Luke McPherson showed inside the decaying wildlife park and later stumbling upon the shark tank. Months after, the YouTube video gained millions of views, prompting a rise in trespassing into the property to view the shark, with vandals also damaging and graffitiing the tank and its surroundings. Objects such as chairs were also thrown into the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidus%20and%20solidus | While chemically pure materials have a single melting point, chemical mixtures often partially melt at the solidus temperature (TS or Tsol), and fully melt at the higher liquidus temperature (TL or Tliq). The solidus is always less than or equal to the liquidus, but they need not coincide. If a gap exists between the solidus and liquidus it is called the freezing range, and within that gap, the substance consists of a mixture of solid and liquid phases (like a slurry). Such is the case, for example, with the olivine (forsterite-fayalite) system, which is common in earth's mantle.
Definitions
In chemistry, materials science, and physics, the liquidus temperature specifies the temperature above which a material is completely liquid, and the maximum temperature at which crystals can co-exist with the melt in thermodynamic equilibrium. The solidus is the locus of temperatures (a curve on a phase diagram) below which a given substance is completely solid (crystallized). The solidus temperature, specifies the temperature below which a material is completely solid, and the minimum temperature at which a melt can co-exist with crystals in thermodynamic equilibrium.
Liquidus and solidus are mostly used for impure substances (mixtures) such as glasses, metal alloys, ceramics, rocks, and minerals. Lines of liquidus and solidus appear in the phase diagrams of binary solid solutions, as well as in eutectic systems away from the invariant point.
When distinction is irrelevant
For pure elements or compounds, e.g. pure copper, pure water, etc. the liquidus and solidus are at the same temperature, and the term melting point may be used.
There are also some mixtures which melt at a particular temperature, known as congruent melting. One example is eutectic mixture. In a eutectic system, there is particular mixing ratio where the solidus and liquidus temperatures coincide at a point known as the invariant point. At the invariant point, the mixture undergoes a eutectic reaction wh |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfley%20table | The Wilfley Table is commonly used for the concentration of heavy minerals from the laboratory up to the industrial scale. It has a traditional shaking (oscillating) table design with a riffled deck. It is one of several brands of wet tables used for the separation and concentration of heavy ore minerals which include the Deister Table and Holman Table, all built to handle either coarse or fine feeds for mineral processing.
The Wilfley Table became a design used world-wide due to the fact it significantly increased the recovery of silver, gold and other precious metals. Such was the table's widespread use that it was included in Webster's Dictionary, and has been in constant use by miners and metallurgists since its invention.
Origin
The Wilfley Table was conceived by Arthur Wilfley, a mining engineer based in Kokomo, Colorado in the United States. As a silver mine operator, Wilfley spent many years refining his separation table design in order to make the extraction of silver more economic. Rather than using heating processes (smelting) to concentrate the ore, Wilfley had been experimenting on mineral separation by use mineral density contrasts.
Wilfley was able to perfect a mechanical solution for the recovery of gold and silver from low-grade ores by means of the Wilfley table. The first Wilfley table was built on a preliminary scale in May 1895. The first full-sized table was used in Wilfley's own mill in Kokomo, in May 1896, while the first table sold for installation was placed in the Puzzle Mill, Breckinridge, Colorado, in August 1896. Patented in 1897, the Wilfley table made mining lower-grade ores profitable. Pulverised ore, suspended in a water solution, was washed across a sloping riffled vibrating table so that metals separated as they drained off.
The Wilfley Table was said to have revolutionised ore dressing worldwide and more than 25,000 were in service by the 1930s.
Mineral separation
The Wilfley Table was built to solve a problem common |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test%20driver%20%28software%29 | In software testing a test driver is a software component or application that initiates and controls the execution of a program under test, especially when such components are part of a larger system and cannot run in isolation. Drivers control applications across various stages of software testing, from unit and integration testing right through to system integration testing and acceptance testing
, especially when the target module is a component of a larger system that is not yet fully implemented or otherwise unavailable.
Definition
A test driver is a software component or tool developed to initiate and oversee the execution of a component under test, particularly when the component is part of a larger system and the system is yet to be fully implemented. Essentially, the test driver mimics the components of a system that interact with the component under test, feeding it the necessary input and controlling its execution. The primary goal of using a test driver is to verify the functionality of the isolated component in the absence of its intended complete environment.
Purpose
Test drivers are tailored to meet the unique requirements of different testing environments. With manual test drivers, testers can directly initiate actions, offering them direct control throughout the testing phase. In comparison, automated test drivers—typically in the form of tools or scripts—can carry out tests on their own. These are especially useful in situations that demand repetitive or extensive testing.
Comparison with test stubs
Test drivers and test stubs are both instrumental in software testing, but they serve distinct roles within a test harness.
Test drivers are typically an active component and control or call the system under test without further inputs after they are initialised, stubs on the other hand are usually passive components that only receive data and respond to calls from the tested system when needed.
References
Software testing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost%20characters | Ghost characters () are erroneous kanji included in the Japanese Industrial Standard, JIS X 0208. 12 of the 6,355 kanji characters are ghost characters.
Overview
In 1978, the Ministry of Trade and Industry established the standard JIS C 6226 (later JIS X 0208.) This standard defined 6349 characters as JIS Level 1 and 2 Kanji characters. This set of Kanji characters is called "JIS Basic Kanji". At this time, the following four lists of Kanji characters were used as sources.
Kanji Table for Standard Codes (Draft): IPSJ Kanji Code Committee (1971)
National Land Administrative Districts Directory: Geographical Society of Japan (1972)
Nippon Seimei's family name table: Nippon Life (1973, no longer extant)
Basic Kanji for Administrative Information Processing: Administrative Management Agency (1975)
At the time of the establishment of the standard, the authority for each character was not clearly stated, and it was pointed out that some characters had unknown meanings and usage examples. The term "ghost character" was coined from "ghost word," meaning a word that is included in dictionaries but has no practical use. The most common examples are "妛" and "彁". These characters were never mentioned in the Kangxi Dictionary or the Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, a comprehensive collection of ancient Chinese character books.
In 1997, the drafting committee for the revised standard, led by its chairman, Koji Shibano, and Hiroyuki Sasahara of the National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics, investigated the literature referred to in the drafting of the 1978 standard. It was revealed that many of the characters that had been considered ghost characters were actually kanji used in place names.
According to the survey, prior to the drafting of the 1978 standard, the Administrative Management Agency had compiled eight lists of Kanji characters, including the above 1–3, in 1974, entitled "Frequency of Use and Correspondence Analysis Results of Kanji Characters for Selection o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annals%20of%20Combinatorics | Annals of Combinatorics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal specializing in combinatorics. It was founded in 1997 by William Chen and is published by Birkhäuser and Springer Science+Business Media.
The journal publishes articles in combinatorics and related areas with a focus on algebraic combinatorics, analytic combinatorics, graph theory, and matroid theory.
Until December 2019, the journal was edited by George Andrews, William Chen, and Peter Paule. The current editors-in-chief are Frédérique Bassino, Kolja Knauer, and Matjaž Konvalinka.
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in
MathSciNet,
Science Citation Index Expanded,
Scopus, and
ZbMATH Open.
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 0.5.
References
External links
Combinatorics journals
Academic journals established in 1997 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living%20Indus%20Initiative | The Living Indus Initiative, serving as an overarching program and a rallying call to action, seeks to spearhead and unify various efforts aimed at revitalizing the ecological well-being of the Indus River within Pakistan's borders. It emerges as a direct response to Pakistan's heightened susceptibility to the adverse effects of climate change.
Background
The primary goal of the Living Indus Initiative is to safeguard, preserve, and rehabilitate the diverse natural ecosystems found in the Indus Basin, including terrestrial, freshwater, coastal, and marine environments. This initiative is dedicated to the revitalization and recovery of the basin's natural resources and ecosystems, with a specific focus on enhancing their ability to withstand the challenges posed by climate change.
Strategies
The Living Indus Initiative has pinpointed 25 initial interventions that center on nature-based solutions and ecosystem-based adaptation strategies. These interventions were identified after thorough consultations involving input from the public sector, private sector, experts, and civil society.
References
Environmental organisations based in Pakistan
Climate change organizations
Water organizations
Conservation organizations
Ecosystems
Indus basin
Nature conservation in Pakistan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCJ%20connector | The CCJ connector (short for Camera Cable type J), also known as a J-type connector or an EIAJ connector, is the specification for a 10-pin DIN-style connector established by member companies of the Electronic Industries Association of Japan (EIAJ) in the late 1960s to interconnect various pieces of video camera equipment. Within Japanese-built video camera equipment built from the late 1960s to the mid-1980s, the CCJ connector was especially widely used to connect video cameras to video tape recorders (VTRs), especially battery-powered portable VTRs—so-called portapacks—which were common before the dawn of camcorders, which married both the camera and the VTR.
History
The CCJ connector was developed in the late 1960s alongside the EIAJ-1 specification for open reel video tape. Both standards enabled non-broadcast-professional enthusiasts and industrial prosumers alike to use any competitor's consumer video camera equipment without having to worrying about interoperability in most cases, largely (but not entirely) escaping the vendor lock-in situation present in the field in the earlier portion of the 1960s. Despite being used by many Japanese manufacturers—including but not limited to Sony, Panasonic, Akai, Hitachi, and JVC—for their video camera and tape equipment, the invention of CCJ is largely attributed to Sony.
Specification
A typical CCJ connector for a video camera has a 10-pin DIN-style plug on both ends. All CCJ connectors are keyed with a notch on the north end of the connector preventing it from being plugged in upside-down. For most black and white video cameras, a CCJ cable has separate conductors for the video signal, the audio signal, the horizontal and vertical sync signals, a remote control signal (for trigger the stopping and starting recording from the camera rather than the VTR), a +12 V DC power wire, and a ground wire. While most black and white video cameras conform to a standard pinout, not all do, and with the advent of cameras and porta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20leakage | Battery leakage is the escape of chemicals, such as electrolytes, within an electric battery due to generation of pathways to the outside environment caused by factory or design defects, excessive gas generation, or intentional or accidental abuse of the battery. The leakage of battery chemical often causes destructive corrosion to the associated equipment and may pose a health hazard.
Leakage by type
Primary
Zinc–carbon
Zinc–carbon batteries were the first commercially available battery type and are still somewhat frequently used, although they have largely been replaced by the similarly composed alkaline battery. Like the alkaline battery, the zinc–carbon battery contains manganese dioxide and zinc electrodes. Unlike the alkaline battery, the zinc–carbon battery uses ammonium chloride as the electrolyte (zinc chloride in the case of "heavy-duty" zinc–carbon batteries), which is acidic.
Either when it has been completely consumed or after three to five years from its manufacture (its shelf life), a zinc–carbon battery is prone to leaking. The byproducts of the leakage may include manganese hydroxide, zinc ammonium chloride, ammonia, zinc chloride, zinc oxide, water and starch. This combination of materials is corrosive to metals, such as those of the battery contacts and surrounding circuitry.
Anecdotal evidence suggests that zinc–carbon battery leakage can be effectively cleaned with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda).
Alkaline
Alkaline batteries use manganese dioxide and zinc electrodes with an electrolyte of potassium hydroxide. The alkaline battery gets its name from the replacement of the acidic ammonium chloride of zinc–carbon batteries with potassium hydroxide, which is an alkaline. Alkaline batteries are considerably more efficient, more environmentally friendly, and more shelf-stable than zinc–carbon batteries—five to ten years, when stored room temperature. Alkaline batteries largely replaced zinc–carbon batteries in regular use by 1990.
After an a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuxedo%20Computers | The Tuxedo Computers GmbH (proper spelling: TUXEDO Computers) is a computer manufacturer based in Augsburg, Germany. The company specializes in desktop computers and notebooks with pre-installed Linux operating system. The devices are manufactured in Leipzig, Germany. Tuxedo Computers equips its devices with Tuxedo OS, its own Linux distribution based on Ubuntu, or installs a selection of distributions as well as Microsoft Windows as an operating system in parallel with the Linux system or in a virtual machine.
History
Tuxedo Computers was founded in February 1st, 2004 by current managing director Herbert Feiler in Bayreuth. In 2013, the company moved to Königsbrunn. In 2019 followed another move to the current headquarters in Augsburg. The name derives from the Linux mascot Tux, whose feathers resemble a tuxedo. The company emerged from an online store that specialized in the distribution of promotional items related to Linux and open-source software and software boxes with Linux distributions.
Due to better Linux compatibility, TUXEDO Computers originally only carried desktop computers, as notebooks often required special adaptations. In the meantime, notebooks and small form factor desktop computers complement the range. The names of the devices borrow from stars and planets, space travel, and science and technology.
Tuxedo OS
With Tuxedo OS (proper spelling: TUXEDO OS), Tuxedo Computers develops its own Linux distribution based on Ubuntu. The first version was released on September 29, 2022. Compared to Ubuntu, Tuxedo OS comes without the package management Snap initiated by Canonical and adds the latest Linux kernel and the latest version of KDE Plasma. In addition, Tuxedo OS uses its own software repositories operated by hosting providers located in Germany and refrains from phoning home. Tuxedo OS can be freely downloaded from the project page in the form of an ISO disk image file.
Complementing Tuxedo OS, the company is working on tools to control ha |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20centre%20tiers | Data centre tiers are defined levels of resiliency and redundancy for IT facility infrastructure. They are widely used in the data center, ISP and cloud computing industries as part of the engineering design for high availability systems.
The standard data center tiers are:
Tier I: no redundancy
Tier II: partial N+1 redundancy
Tier III: full N+1 redundancy of all systems including power supply and cooling distribution paths
Tier IV: as Tier III, but with 2N+1 redundancy of all systems
A Tier III system is intended to operate at Tier II resiliency even when under maintenance; a Tier IV system is intended to operate at Tier III resiliency even when under maintenance.
Most commercial data centers are Tier III; large service providers typically use multiple availability zones to implement resilience of their services.
The data center tier system was created by the Uptime Institute.
References
See also
Availability zone
Data centers
Reliability engineering |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Availability%20zone | In cloud computing, an availability zone is a subset of an IT infrastructure system that shares no service-critical components (including power, cooling and access) with any other availability zone. Availability zones are typically geographically separated from one another, to prevent local disasters from acting on more than one availability zone.
Some service providers also make higher-level regional distinctions between availability zones, allowing service providers to mitigate even regional-level disasters such as earthquakes and forest fires.
Applications requiring high availability are typically implemented as distributed systems that span multiple availability zones.
Services offering distinct availability zones include Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud.
References
See also
Single point of failure
Active redundancy
Reliability engineering
Cloud computing
Fault-tolerant computer systems
Distributed computing
Disaster management |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Peluse | Sarah Anne Peluse is an American mathematician specializing in arithmetic combinatorics and analytic number theory, and known for her research on generalizations of Szemerédi's theorem on the existence of polynomial progressions in dense sets of integers. She is an assistant professor and LSA Collegiate Fellow in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Michigan.
Education and career
Peluse's interest in mathematics was sparked by a sixth-grade teacher using the Socratic method. After skipping seventh grade, and running through all of the mathematics available at her local high school and community college, she enrolled at Lake Forest College in Illinois at age 15. The mathematics on offer there lasted her only for another two years, so she transferred to the University of Chicago, with Paul Sally and later Maryanthe Malliaris as mentors. She also became a member of the University of Chicago track and field team, which competed at two national championship meets, and she was recognized as a Division III All-Academic Athlete by the NCAA. She earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics in 2014.
Peluse completed her Ph.D. at Stanford University in 2019. Her dissertation, Bounds for sets with no nontrivial polynomial progressions, was supervised by Kannan Soundararajan. She became an NSF Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Oxford, and then a Veblen Research Instructor at Princeton University and the Institute for Advanced Study, before taking her present position as a faculty member at the University of Michigan.
Recognition
As an undergraduate, Peluse won the 2014 Alice T. Schafer Prize of the Association for Women in Mathematics for her work in mathematics.
Peluse was the recipient of the 2022 Dénes König Prize, given at the SIAM Conference on Discrete Mathematics, for her work on polynomial generalizations of Szemerédi's theorem. She was also a 2022 recipient of the Maryam Mirzakhani New Frontiers Prize, associated with the Breakthrough Prize in Math |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palamuru-Rangareddy%20Lift%20Irrigation%20Scheme | Palamuru-Rangareddy Lift Irrigation Project (PRLIP) is an irrigation project in the state of Telangana, India. The project aims to make 12.3 lakh acres of parched lands in erstwhile combined Mahabubnagar district into fertile lands. The project is built on the Krishna river at a cost of 35,000 crore in Nagarkurnool district. On 16 September 2023, Telangana Chief Minister K. Chandrashekar Rao operationalised the first phase of Palamuru-Rangareddy Lift Irrigation Scheme at Yellur-Narlapur pump house in Nagarkurnool district. The project will change the future of six districts in South Telangana.
History
Chief Minister Kalvakuntla Chandrashekhar Rao laid the foundation stone of irrigation project on 11 June 2015. The project aims to divert 70 TMC of flood water from Krishna river at Jurala project.
See also
Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project
R. Vidyasagar Rao Dindi Lift Irrigation Scheme
Mahatma Gandhi Kalwakurthy lift irrigation scheme
References
Dams on the Krishna River
Dams in Telangana
Hydroelectric power stations in Telangana
Inter-state disputes in India
Irrigation projects
Irrigation in India |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum-cost%20spanning%20tree%20game | A minimum-cost spanning-tree game (MCST game) is a kind of a cooperative game. In an MCST game, each player is a node in a complete graph. The graph contains an additional node - the supply node - denoted by s. The goal of the players is that all of them will be connected by a path to s. To this end, they need to construct a spanning tree. Each edge in the graph has a cost, and the players build the minimum cost spanning tree. The question then arises, how to allocate the cost of this MCST among the players?
The solution offered by cooperative game theory is to consider the cost of each potential coalition - each subset of the players. The cost of each coalition S is the minimum cost of a spanning tree connecting only the nodes in S to the supply node s. The value of S is minus the cost of S. Using these definitions, various solution concepts from cooperative game theory can be applied. MCST games were introduced by Bird in 1976.
Properties
The core of every MCST game is non-empty.
The nucleolus is the unique point in the intersection of the core and the kernel.
If the underlying network is a tree, then the nucleolus coincides with the kernel.
Computation
One solution in the core can be read directly from any minimum cost spanning tree graph associated with the problem.
There is an algorithm that requires O(n2) elementary operations for computing each additional point in the core.
In general MCST games, computing the nucleolus is NP-hard; the proof is by reduction from the minimum set cover problem. There is an algorithm that computes the nucleolus in time O(n3|B|), where B is the set of relevant coalitions (in general, |B|=2n, but in some special cases, only a subset of the coalitions are relevant).
If the underlying network is a tree, then the nucleolus can be computed in O(n3) time, and the Shapley value can be computed in O(n) time. The run-time of computing the nucleolus can be reduced to O(n log n) using efficiently mergeable heaps. In particular |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective%E2%80%93amoeboid%20transition | The collective–amoeboid transition (CMT) is a process by which collective multicellular groups dissociate into amoeboid single cells following the down-regulation of integrins. CMTs contrast with epithelial–mesenchymal transitions (EMT) which occur following a loss of E-cadherin. Like EMTs, CATs are involved in the invasion of tumor cells into surrounding tissues, with amoeboid movement more likely to occur in soft extracellular matrix (ECM) and mesenchymal movement in stiff ECM. Although once differentiated, cells typically do not change their migration mode, EMTs and CMTs are highly plastic with cells capable of interconverting between them depending on intracelluar regulatory signals and the surrounding ECM.
CATs are the least common transition type in invading tumor cells, although they are noted in melanoma explants.
See also
Collective cell migration
Dedifferentiation
Invasion (cancer)
References
Animal developmental biology
Cancer research
Cell movement
Cellular processes
Tissue engineering |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Bucerotiformes%20by%20population | This is a list of Bucerotiformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.
This list is incomprehensive, as not all Bucerotiformes have had their numbers quantified.
Species by global population
See also
Lists of birds by population
Lists of organisms by population
References
Birds
Accipitriformes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injury%20in%20animals | Injury in animals is damage to the body caused by wounding, change in pressure, heat or cold, chemical substances, venoms and biotoxins. Injury prompts an inflammatory response in many taxa of animals; this prompts wound healing, which may be rapid, as in the Cnidaria.
Causes
Injuries to animals including humans can be caused by wounding, change in pressure, heat or cold, chemical substances, venoms and biotoxins. Such damage may result from attempted predation, territorial fights, falls, and abiotic factors.
Human activities such as trawling can cause wound injury to a high proportion of seabed invertebrates; a study of a Nephrops lobster fishery found that all the discarded Ophiura ophiura brittlestars were injured, along with 57% of the Munida rugosa squat lobsters and 56% of the Astropecten irregularis starfish. Species with stronger shells such as scallops were less often injured. A study of beam trawling in contrast found survival rates over 75% for bottom-living invertebrates.
Effects
Injury causes multiple effects at different biological levels from molecular and cellular to physiological, organismal, behavioural, and ecological. These include such harmful effects as direct damage to cells and tissues; loss of energy reserves; stress responses and changes to immune function; defensive behaviour; and reduced ability to move, feed, reproduce, and compete. In addition, injury sets off a chain of responses that tend to restore structure and function.
Immune responses
The tissues of many animals respond to injury with inflammation, resulting in repair of the wound. Inflammation occurs in many taxa, but the nature of the response varies widely. In Hydra, a cnidarian, damage to the area around the mouth is fully healed within 20 minutes.
Animals in several phyla, including annelids, arthropods, cnidaria, molluscs, nematodes, and vertebrates are able to produce antimicrobial peptides to fight off infection following an injury.
Wound occlusion
Many anim |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compartmentalisation%20dam | A compartmentalisation dam is a dam that divides a body of water into two parts. Such a dam is constructed, for instance, to regulate water levels separately in different sections of a basin. A notable application of a compartmentalisation dam is when it's built to enable closures with multiple tidal inlets, such as in the case of the Delta Works.
Compartmentalisation Dam as a Watershed
When the quality of water in basins differs significantly and is undesirable, a separating dam is sometimes constructed. Examples include:
Volkerakdam: built to prevent salt water from entering the freshwater Haringvliet, and to avoid polluted Rhine water from reaching the relatively clean Oosterschelde area.
Houtribdijk: originally constructed as the northern dyke of the Markerwaard, but now serves to separate the basins of the Markermeer and IJsselmeer; the Houtribdijk also reduces the fetch during certain wind directions, reducing both wave growth and wind setup in the basin.
Oesterdam: built to provide a tide-free waterway from Antwerp to Rotterdam and also to shrink the tidal basin of the Oosterschelde so the tidal difference at Yerseke and Zierikzee remained significant after the construction of the Oosterscheldekering.
Compartmentalisation Dams as Part of Closure Works in The Netherlands
In tidal regions where a closure dam must be constructed and multiple sea connections exist, it's imperative to establish a compartmentalisation dam. Without such a dam (indicated by the dotted line), dam A would necessitate the entire basin to be filled via sea inlet B. Such an action could drastically enhance the flow rate at this point, leading to the widening and deepening of the channel. This, in turn, could make it extremely challenging, if not outright impossible, to close the sea inlet.
Erecting a compartmentalisation dam becomes relatively more straightforward when situated on a . This Dutch term describes a shallow region or tidal divide within a deltaic system where two ti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20IBM%20Personal%20Computer%20models | The IBM Personal Computer, commonly known as the IBM PC, spanned multiple models in its first generation (including the PCjr, the Portable PC, the XT, the AT, the Convertible, and the /370 systems, among others), from 1981 to 1987. It eventually gave way to many splintering product lines after IBM introduced the Personal System/2 in April 1987.
Notes
Legend
Models
Original line
Successor lines
Personal System/2 (list of models)
Industrial System (list of models)
PCradio (list of models)
Ambra (list of models)
PS/note (list of models)
EduQuest (list of models)
ThinkPad
PS/ValuePoint (list of models)
Aptiva (list of models)
PC Series (list of models)
NetVista
ThinkCentre
Timeline
See also
Predecessors to the IBM PC:
IBM 5100 (1975)
IBM 5110 (1978)
IBM 5120 (1980)
IBM System/23 Datamaster (1981)
Japan-only IBM PC variants:
IBM 5550
IBM JX
IBM PS/55
IBM Palm Top PC 110
IBM IntelliStation
List of IBM products
IBM PC compatible
References
General references
Footnotes
Personal Computer models
Lists of computer hardware |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20Institute%20of%20Technology%20-%20Daniel%20Guggenheim%20School%20of%20Aerospace%20Engineering | The Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, is an academic institution specializing in aerospace engineering education, research, and innovation. Located in Atlanta, Georgia, the school offers degree programs in Aerospace engineering that are accredited by ABET. It is a department under the Georgia Institute of Technology College of Engineering.
As of 2023, the Interim Chair of the Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering is Tim Lieuwen, Ph.D.
Degrees offered
The Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering offers one undergraduate degree, and eight graduate degrees.
B.S: Aerospace Engineering
M.S: Aerospace Engineering
M.S: Bioengineering
M.S: Computational Science and Engineering
Ph.D: Aerospace Engineering
Ph.D: Bioengineering
Ph.D: Computational Science and Engineering
Ph.D: Machine Learning
Ph.D: Robotics
Enrollment and research
As of Fall 2023, The Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering reported that it had over 40 tenure-track professors and enrollment of more than 1,800 students.
The Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering earns over US$40,000,000 in research funding each year.
Research areas of The Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering include:
Cyberphysical Systems, Safety, Security, & Reliability
Large-Scale Computations, Data, & Analytics
Mechanics of Multifunctional Structures and Materials
Robotics, Autonomy and Human Interaction
Space Exploration & Earth Monitoring
Sustainable Transportation & Energy Systems
System of Systems and Complex Systems Integration
Vertical Lift and Urban Air Mobility
Facilities
The Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering occupies four buildings, most of which are located in central/east campus:
Montgomery Knight Building
Assistant Director for Operations, Human Resources, Academic Advising Office, AE Development, Academic Advising Manager, Loewy Library, AE Computer Lab, Cognitive Engineer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injury | Injury is physiological damage to the living tissue of any organism, whether in humans, in other animals, or in plants. Injuries can be caused in many ways, such as mechanically with penetration by sharp objects such as teeth or with blunt objects, by heat or cold, or by venoms and biotoxins. Injury prompts an inflammatory response in many taxa of animals; this prompts wound healing. In both plants and animals, substances are often released to help to occlude the wound, limiting loss of fluids and the entry of pathogens such as bacteria. Many organisms secrete antimicrobial chemicals which limit wound infection; in addition, animals have a variety of immune responses for the same purpose. Both plants and animals have regrowth mechanisms which may result in complete or partial healing over the injury.
Taxonomic range
Animals
Injury in animals is sometimes defined as mechanical damage to anatomical structure, but it has a wider connotation of physical damage with any cause, including drowning, burns, and poisoning. Such damage may result from attempted predation, territorial fights, falls, and abiotic factors.
Injury prompts an inflammatory response in animals of many different phyla; this prompts coagulation of the blood or body fluid, followed by wound healing, which may be rapid, as in the cnidaria. Arthropods are able to repair injuries to the cuticle that forms their exoskeleton to some extent.
Animals in several phyla, including annelids, arthropods, cnidaria, molluscs, nematodes, and vertebrates are able to produce antimicrobial peptides to fight off infection following an injury.
Humans
Injury in humans has been studied extensively for its importance in medicine. Much of medical practice including emergency medicine and pain management is dedicated to the treatment of injuries. The World Health Organization has developed a classification of injuries in humans by categories including mechanism, objects/substances producing injury, place of occurrence, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated%20Surface%20Database | Integrated Surface Database (ISD) is global database compiled by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) comprising hourly and synoptic surface observations compiled globally from ~35,500 weather stations; it is updated, automatically, hourly. The data largely date back to paper records which were keyed in by hand from '60s and '70s (and in some cases, weather observations from over one hundred years ago). It was developed by the joint Federal Climate Complex project in Asheville, North Carolina.
References
Meteorological data and networks
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certo%20Software | Certo Software Ltd is a British multinational cybersecurity technology company headquartered in Basingstoke, England. The company specializes in consumer mobile security and privacy solutions.
History
Certo Software was founded in the United Kingdom in 2016 by its current CEOs Russell Kent-Payne and Simon Lewis.
The company’s first product, a spyware detection tool called Certo AntiSpy, was released in the same year in response to the increased popularity of commercial spyware and the limited protection options available to iPhone users at the time. The company claims the software was the first ever spyware detection solution for iPhones.
Cybersecurity Research
In 2021 Certo conducted a UK survey into people’s attitudes towards phone snooping and the use of stalkerware. This found that only 31% of people surveyed thought that spying on someone else’s phone was illegal.
In 2022 Certo published research into the advertising strategies used by companies selling phone monitoring software, how this compared to their official brand messaging, and how search engines were facilitating the misuse of such software.
In 2023 the company revealed how Apple’s iTunes Wi-Fi Sync feature was being exploited by spyware providers in order to give cyberstalkers access to data from their victim’s devices.
In 2023 Certo released research exposing how the Phone Link app in Windows 11 could be used to silently spy on messages and notifications from an iPhone via a Bluetooth connection. The company claimed that this method had been actively used to target real iPhone users in domestic tech abuse situations.
References
Companies based in Basingstoke
Organizations established in 2006
Internet-related organizations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ComfortJet | ComfortJet is a high-speed push-pull train which is being built by Siemens Mobility and Škoda Transportation for the Czech train operator České dráhy and it is planned to start operations from 2024. It will operate at speeds of up to 230 km/h and will replace old carriages on international EuroCity services between the Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Slovakia and Hungary and on domestic InterCity services in the Czech Republic.
History
On April 12, 2021, the Siemens Mobility – Škoda Transportation consortium won the competition for the framework contract for the supply of 180 new express wagons for České dráhy. 20 sets of 9 Siemens Viaggio Comfort cars will be based on Railjet and InterJet trains. In March 2022, České dráhy signed a contract with Siemens Mobility for the purchase of 50 Siemens Vectron MS multi-system electric locomotives, which have a maximum operating speed of 230 km/h. The ComfortJet sets will be powered by these locomotives.
Trainsets
A ComfortJet train set consists of nine individual coaches that are permanently coupled with airtight interconnections. The coach furthest from the locomotive acts as a control car. The number of cars in the train can also be expanded by adding regular carriages.
Routes
Planned services
České dráhy plans to use the new trains on the following routes:
Praha hl. n. - Olomouc hl. n. - Ostrava hl. n. (for testing in 2024)
Praha hl. n. - Ústí nad Labem hl. n. - Dresden Hbf - Berlin Hbf - Hamburg Hbf (- København H)
Praha hl. n. - Brno hl. n. - Wien Hbf - Graz Hbf (- Villach Hbf)
Praha hl. n. - Brno hl. n. - Bratislava hlavná stanica - Budapest Nyugati
See also
List of high-speed trains
Train categories in Europe
References
Siemens Mobility projects
České dráhy
High-speed trains of the Czech Republic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Stinchcombe | John R. Stinchcombe (born 1974) is an American and Canadian ecological geneticist who is a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of Toronto. His research is on the ecology of natural selection, and the role of genetics in facilitating or constraining evolution, focusing almost exclusively on plants.
Early life and education
Stinchcombe grew up in Syracuse, NY, USA, in an outdoors-loving family. He was an undergraduate at Bucknell University, graduating in 1996. He then spent a summer working for the National Marine Fisheries Service, in Washington, D.C., before starting his Ph.D. at Duke University in 1996. He started in the Zoology Department, and finished his PhD in 2001 in the Biology Department, with a Certificate in Ecology. His PhD research was on the evolution of resistance and tolerance to herbivory in the Ivyleaf morning glory (Ipomoea hederacea). Stinchcombe's post-doctoral work was at Brown University, working with Johanna Schmitt. His work there was on flowering time clines and genetics in mouse ear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), as well as growth plasticity in touch-me-nots (Impatiens capensis).
Research and career
Stinchcombe started a faculty position at the University of Toronto in 2005, in the Botany Department, and joined the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at its creation.
Stinchcombe's research is on plant ecological genetics. Topics investigated by his lab include the genetics of flowering time, clines, phenotypic plasticity, plant-microbe interactions, natural selection in the field, evolution of gene expression, and the evolution of herbicide resistance.
Stinchcombe served as the Secretary for the Society for the Study of Evolution, and since 2013 he has been the Director of the Koffler Scientific Reserve, the University of Toronto's field research station.
Recent publications
From Google Scholar Profile
Harrison, T. L., Z. A. Parshuram, M. E. Frederickson, and J. R. Stinchcombe. 2023. Is there |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenic%20microorganisms%20in%20frozen%20environments | On Earth, frozen environments such as permafrost and glaciers are known for their ability to preserve items, as they are too cold for ordinary decomposition to take place. This makes them a valuable source of archeological artefacts and prehistoric fossils, yet it also means that there are certain risks once ancient organic matter is finally subject to thaw. The best-studied risk is that of decomposition of such organic matter releasing a substantial quantity of carbon dioxide and methane, and thus acting as a notable climate change feedback. Yet, some scientists have also raised concerns about the possibility that some metabolically dormant bacteria and protists, as well as always metabolically inactive viruses, may both survive the thaw and either threaten humans directly, or affect some of the animal or plant species important for human wellbeing.
As of 2023, there has been at least one recorded reemergence of anthrax, a pathogen long-known for its ability to hibernate in soils. There have also been several cases when truly novel microorganisms discovered in the frozen environments were successfully revived by researchers, or were found live in a recently thawed environment. So far, most only affect amoebas, and none have been known to pose a risk to humans or to crops. Of the already-studied pathogens, at least one anthrax outbreak has been connected to decades-old infected carrion thaw; yet, samples of influenza and smallpox pathogens have failed to survive the thaw even in laboratory conditions. Some researchers have also raised alarm about the potential of horizontal gene transfer between ancient and modern bacteria, and the risk it could exacerbate the challenge of antibiotic resistance. At the same time, other scientists consider these concerns overblown, and argue that ancient microorganisms are unlikely to make a difference today.
Timeline of research into the subject
20th century
Johan Hultin made multiple attempts during the 20th century to culture 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buellia%20frigida | Buellia frigida is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. It was first described from samples collected from the British National Antarctic Expedition of 1901–1904. It is endemic to maritime and continental Antarctica, where it is common and widespread, at altitudes up to about . This resilient lichen has a characteristic appearance, typically featuring shades of grey and black divided into small polygonal patterns. The crusts can generally grow up to in diameter (smaller sizes are more common), although neighbouring individuals may coalesce to form larger crusts. One of the defining characteristics of the lichen is a textured surface with deep cracks, creating the appearance of radiating . These lobes, bordered by shallower fissures, give the lichen a unique visual texture.
In addition to its striking appearance, Buellia frigida exhibits remarkable adaptability to the harsh Antarctic climate. The lichen has an extremely slow growth rate, estimated to be less than per century. Because of its ability to not only endure but to thrive in one of the Earth's coldest, harshest environments, Buellia frigida has been used frequently as a model organism in astrobiology research. This lichen has been exposed to conditions simulating those encountered in space and on celestial bodies like Mars, including vacuum, UV radiation, and extreme dryness. B. frigida has demonstrated resilience to these space-related stressors, making it a candidate for studying how life can adapt to and potentially survive in the extreme environments found beyond Earth.
Taxonomy
The lichen was formally described as a new species in 1910 by the British botanist Otto Derbishire. The type specimen were collected in 1902 by Reginald Koettlitz from Granite Harbour in McMurdo Sound; they were found growing on tuff. This and other samples were obtained as part of the British National Antarctic Expedition of 1901–1904. The of the lichen was as follows (translat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC%2019790 | ISO/IEC 19790 is an ISO/IEC standard for security requirements for cryptographic modules. It addresses a wide range of issues regarding their implementation, including specifications, interface definitions, authentication, operational and physical security, configuration management, testing, and life-cycle management. The first version of ISO/IEC 19790 was derived from the U.S. government computer security standard FIPS 140-2, Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules.
, the current version of the standard is ISO/IEC 19790:2012. This replaces a previous version, ISO/IEC 19790:2006, which is now obsolete.
Use of ISO/IEC 17970 is referenced in the U.S. government standard FIPS 140-3. As an ISO/IEC standard, access to it requires payment, typically on a per-user basis.
ISO/IEC 24759 is a related standard for the testing of cryptographic modules, the first version of which derived from NIST's Derived Test Requirements for FIPS PUB 140-2, Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules.
References
Standards
Cryptography
Computer security |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova%20classification | The Nova classification (, 'new classification') is a framework for grouping edible substances based on the extent and purpose of food processing applied to them. Researchers at the University of São Paulo, Brazil, proposed the system in 2009.
Nova classifies food into four groups:
Unprocessed or minimally processed foods
Processed culinary ingredients
Processed foods
Ultra-processed foods
The system has been used worldwide in nutrition and public health research, policy, and guidance as a tool for understanding the health implications of different food products.
History
The Nova classification grew out of the research of Carlos Augusto Monteiro. Born in 1948 into a family straddling the divide between poverty and relative affluence in Brazil, Monteiro's journey began as the first member of his family to attend university. His early research in the late 1970s focused on malnutrition, reflecting the prevailing emphasis in nutrition science of the time. In the mid-1990s, Monteiro observed a significant shift in Brazil's dietary landscape marked by a rise in obesity rates among economically disadvantaged populations, while more affluent areas saw declines. This transformation led him to explore dietary patterns holistically, rather than focusing solely on individual nutrients. Employing statistical methods, Monteiro identified two distinct eating patterns in Brazil: one rooted in traditional foods like rice and beans and another characterized by the consumption of highly processed products.
The classification's name is from the title of the original scientific article in which it was published, 'A new classification of foods' (). The idea of applying this as the classification's name is credited to Jean-Claude Moubarac of the Université de Montréal. The name is often styled in capital letters, NOVA, but it is not an acronym. Recent scientific literature leans towards writing the name as Nova, including papers written with Monteiro's involvement.
Nova food pr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMDE | DMDE (DM Disk Editor and Data Recovery Software) is a data recovery and disk editing tool for hard drives and other storage media. It can work with physical devices, logical disks, disk images, as well as RAID-arrays and recovers files that have been accidentally deleted or lost due to other incidents.
DMDE is available in various editions. Free Edition (freeware) of DMDE is intended for personal use only, and allows only recovery of files located in the currently selected directory. Additionally, it allows restoring files in batches of 4,000 or less, however there's no limit on how many files can be recovered in total. DMDE paid options don't have these limitations and suggest additional features. Various reviews note that the application stands out for its attractive price, while the free option can also be sufficient in many scenarios.
DMDE is ranked among the best data recovery software and reviewed on popular technology websites, such as
TechRadar, Forbes Advisor, Softpedia. In reviews it is noted that the application does not have the simplest and most attractive interface, but it is effective, especially in complex cases.
Features
The program is able to recover files of various types with their names after deletion from the recycle bin, after formatting or other disk damages including complicated cases. DMDE can create and later open disk images to perform recovery without the risk of further damage to the drive itself. Other advanced features of DMDE include raw data search, direct disk editing capability, RAID reconstruction module, disk cloning, and partition manager.
It is supported on the operating systems Microsoft Windows, MacOS, Linux and DOS. Supported file systems include:
Windows: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, exFAT, NTFS, NTFS5, ReFS;
Mac OS: HFS/HFS Plus, HFSX, APFS;
Linux: ext2, ext3, ext4, Btrfs.
See also
Data recovery
List of data recovery software
References
External links
Data recovery
Data recovery software
Hex editors
Hard disk sof |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20media%20background%20check | A social media background check is an investigative technique that involves scrutinizing the social media profiles and activities of individuals, primarily for pre-employment screening and other official verifications. These checks are performed to review people's online behavioral history on social media websites such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. Social media background checks have become a common part of recruitment processes, among other verification procedures.
History
In the early 21st century, with the rapid expansion of social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn, employers began to use these channels to gather additional information about prospective employees. Initially, social media background checks were an informal aspect of recruitment, but they have gradually gained formal recognition as a crucial element in candidate screening. These checks can offer a deeper insight into a candidate's personality, interests, and personal networks, helping recruiters to make informed decisions.
Rise in society
The practice of social media background checks has seen a significant surge in the last decade. This rise can be attributed to the exponential increase in social media users and the growing awareness among organizations regarding the importance of hiring individuals who align with their values and culture. Various platforms provide services explicitly designed to conduct social media background checks efficiently, simplifying the process for businesses. The wholesale interest in such platforms is indicated by a rise in successful capital raises for technology companies such as in the case of Ferretly and Certn. The incorporation of artificial intelligence into conducting AI-powered social media background checks also illustrates its continued popularity and that businesses are looking to ramp up and even automate their use.
Real-world instances of individuals being held accountable for inappropriate or offensive content shared on soc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NearLink | NearLink (), also known as SparkLink, is a short-range wireless technology standard, which was developed by the SparkLink Alliance, led by Huawei to set up on September 22, 2020.As of September 2023, the alliance has more than 300 enterprises and institutions on board, which include automotive manufacturers, chip and module manufacturers, application developers, ICT companies, and research institutions.
On November 4, 2022, the alliance released the SparkLink Short-range Wireless Communications Standard 1.0, which incorporates two modes of access, namely, SparkLink Low Energy (SLE) and SparkLink Basic (SLB), to integrate the features of traditional wireless technologies, such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, with enhanced prerequisites for latency, power consumption, coverage, and security.
NearLink employs the Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (Cyclic Prefix-OFDM) waveform to address latency issues in various applications. The waveform features an ultra-short frame structure and a flexible scheduling scheme of time-domain resources, reducing transmission latency to approximately 20 microseconds. In addition, NearLink applies polar codes and adopts Hybrid Automatic Repeat-reQuest (HARQ) schemes to support applications with high reliability requirements, such as industrial closed-loop control applications for automated assembly lines, where reliability requirements are at least 99.999%.
The first product to feature NearLink technology was the Huawei Mate 60 series smartphone introduced by Huawei on August 29, 2023.
History
On September 22, 2020, the SparkLight Alliance was established to formulate the NearLink short-range wireless technology standard.
By the end of 2021, the NearLink 1.0 standards were finalized, establishing a core end-to-end architecture that includes the NearLink access layer, basic service layer, and basic application layer.
On November 4, 2022, the SparkLink Alliance officially released the SparkLink Short-range Wireless Co |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toulouse%20Aerospace | Toulouse Aerospace, formerly Montaudran Aerospace or Aerospace Campus, is a campus project linked to the aeronautics, space and embedded systems jobs and part of Aerospace Valley. Located in Toulouse in the Montaudran district, it will be built entirely by the Toulouse Métropole. Its surface area will be 40 hectares on the site of the former Toulouse-Montaudran airport which saw the beginnings of Aéropostale.
Description
It is the town planner David Mangin who will direct the entire project, construction of which began in the first quarter of 2011. The Institut Clément Ader, from the Federal University of Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, has set up within the walls of the Espace Clément Ader in March 2014, and was inaugurated in October.
Building B 612 of 26,140 m2 opened its doors on July 1, 2018.
Mangin's project was preferred for the place it gave to the preservation of the heritage of Aéropostale: ten hectares should be dedicated to it and certain historic buildings will be preserved (map room, Château Petit Raynal, etc.), to make the L'Envol des pionniers museum.
Project
Like the Cancéropôle for oncology, this involves bringing together in the same place the main players in training and research in a field, in this case aeronautics and space:
Bringing together the two Toulouse aeronautical grandes écoles of the GEA: ENAC and SUPAERO – as well as universities and university institutes located in the same geographical area: Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier University, INSA Toulouse and INPT. The Maison de la formation Jacqueline Auriol will thus bring together under the same roof all Toulouse training courses in mechanical and production engineering in the aeronautics and space sector (opening planned for January 2022).
Group of 1000 researchers mainly from ONERA, CCR EADS, CNRS, and CNES.
Creation of infrastructure necessary for the development of SMEs and provision of common services.
This project is a continuation of the Rangueil scientific complex where ISAE, E |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric%20methane%20removal | Atmospheric Methane Removal is a category of potential approaches being researched to accelerate the breakdown of methane once in the atmosphere to mitigate some of the impacts of climate change.
Atmospheric methane has increased since pre-industrial times from 0.7 ppm to 1.9 ppm. From 2010 to 2019, methane emissions caused 0.5°C (about 30%) of observed global warming. Global methane emissions approached a record 600 Tg CH4 per year in 2017.
Natural atmospheric methane sinks
Methane has a limited atmospheric lifetime, about 10 years, due to substantial methane sinks. The primary methane sink is atmospheric oxidation, from hydroxyl radicals (~90% of the total sink) and chlorine radicals (0-5% of the total sink). The rest is consumed by methanotrophs and other methane-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in soils (~5%).
Potential Approaches
Different methods to remove methane from the atmosphere include thermal-catalytic oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, biological methanotrophic methane removal, concentration with zeolites or other porous solids, and separation by membranes.
Potential methods can be categorized by the underlying catalytic process, or the potential deployment form.
Atmospheric Oxidation Enhancement
Atmospheric Oxidation Enhancement is the concept of enhancing the overall oxidative sink in the atmosphere, through generating additional hydroxyl or chlorine atmospheric radicals.
Iron Salt Aerosols
Iron salt aerosols are one proposed method of atmospheric oxidation enhancement which involves lofting iron-based particles into the atmosphere (e.g., from ships or towers) to enhance atmospheric chlorine radicals, a natural methane sink.
Winds over the Sahara raise dust into the troposphere and disperse it over the Atlantic. A 2023 study suggests that this has contributed to natural atmospheric methane oxidation.
Iron salt aerosols are being studied for the potential of Iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) to catalyze chlorine radical production. Chlorine atoms |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunrate | Sunrate is a financial technology company that provides financial services, such as payments and treasury management services for businesses globally. Its global headquarters is in Singapore, with offices in Hong Kong, Jakarta, London and Shanghai. The company is a financial services platform providing business-to-business (B2B) payments through global banking networks and its API. It also provides multi-currency business accounts among other services and is the principal member of both Mastercard and Visa network.
History
Sunrate was founded in 2016. The SUNRATE platform provides business-to-business (B2B) payments in more than 100 currencies and 150 countries.
In November 2022, Sunrate partnered with online travel agency Agoda.
Sunrate partnered with the global financial institutions, such as Citibank, Standard Chartered, and Barclays.
In 2023, Sunrate completed series D1 round led by Prosperity7 Ventures and series D2 round led by Peak XV Partners, with Softbank Ventures Asia also contributing to both rounds.
References
Financial technology
Merchant services
Online payments
Payment service providers
Companies of Singapore |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20industry%20in%20Quebec | The battery industry in the Canadian province of Quebec encompasses all activities related to the production, research, and development of electric batteries in Quebec. This industry has grown in response to the increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries, primarily in the context of electric mobility and renewable energies.
Quebec possesses significant reserves of lithium and graphite, two essential raw materials for the manufacture of lithium-ion batteries. The availability of these natural resources has attracted investments and industrial projects to the province.
History
In 2019, a study commissioned by Propulsion Québec emphasized the crucial importance of quickly positioning Quebec as a hub for the lithium-ion battery industry for electric vehicles due to rising demand and the need to reduce carbon footprint.
In 2021, Investissement Québec outlined its strategy to invest massively, using both public and private funds, between 1 and 2 billion dollars over two to three years to strengthen international expertise at every stage of the battery production chain.
Quebec has established partnerships with international companies in the battery sector, further solidifying its position as a global supplier of battery components.
In 2023, the Quebec government announced various support measures to encourage research, development, and battery production within the territory. The government granted a $150 million loan to Ultium CAM, a joint venture between General Motors (GM) and POSCO Future M, to establish a cathode materials production plant in Bécancour. Similarly, the government provided a $150 million loan to Solutions énergétiques Volta Canada for the construction of a copper foil manufacturing plant for electric vehicle batteries in Granby.
Criticisms
In 2023, Laurent Ferreira, CEO of the National Bank, strongly criticized the billions of dollars in subsidies given to the battery industry in Canada, lamenting the attraction of foreign companies at the expe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KdpD/KdpE%20two-component%20system | KdpD/KdpE two-component system is a regulatory system involved in controlling potassium transport and intracellular osmolarity of pathogenic bacteria.
References
Cellular processes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remita | Remita is a financial services platform owned by SystemSpecs, a financial services company headquartered in Lagos, Nigeria. It has served as the gateway for the treasury single account of the Nigerian government since 2012.
See also
List of online payment service providers
Electronic commerce
Payment gateway
Payment service provider
References
External links
Online payments
Payment service providers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanna%20Wysocka | Joanna Wysocka is a biologist, a professor at Stanford University, and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator. She specializes in chemical and systems biology as well as developmental biology.
Wysocka was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2018 and as an European Molecular Biology Organization international member in 2019.
Early life and education
Wysocka was born in Poland.
When she was in university, she spent a summer working with molecular biologist Winship Herr at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and was invited back to do her Ph.D.
In 1998, she earned her M.Sc from Warsaw University in molecular biology and moved to the United States for her Ph.D in biochemistry from Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Science (Instytut Biochemii i Biofizyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk) and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
In 2006, she completed a postdoctoral fellowship with David Allis at the Rockefeller University, specializing in chromatin biology. During her postdoc, she discovered the structural fold in human proteins known as PHD fingers.
Research
Wysocka's research focuses on understanding mechanisms of gene regulation. Some of her most notable scientific contributions include the discovery of chromatin signatures in primed enhancer elements. Her group has also developed new tools for visualizing regulatory regions in living cells. Her research has provided insight into how gene expression influences evolution, genomic variation and diseases.
Awards and honors
Momentum Award, the International Society for Stem Cell Research (2022)
Valkhof Chair Award, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands (2017)
Investigator Award, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (2015)
Vilcek Prize for Creative Promise (2013)
Harland Winfield Mossman Award in Developmental Biology, American Association of Anatomists (2013)
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Basic Biology Awards (2011)
Outstanding Young Investigator Award, the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsak%20Canal%20Project | The Warsak Canal Project is an initiative focused on enhancing agricultural practices in the Peshawar and Nowshera districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Background
The Warsak Canal Project, also recognized as the Remodeling of Warsak Canal System Project, is projected to augment the water flow in the Warsak canal to a capacity of up to 1250 cusecs. This heightened water flow is expected to significantly enhance farming and agricultural activities in the region.
Impact on agriculture
The initiative aims to provide irrigation to numerous acres of land in Peshawar and Nowshera. This effort will not only convert arid land into fertile grounds but also address water scarcity challenges for local farmers.
Progress and future plans
As of June 2023, the project is in the construction phase, being supervised by Fazl Elahi, the Caretaker Minister for Irrigation. The project encompasses the refurbishment of the Warsak canal and the establishment of a new tunnel. The anticipated completion date for the project is set for February 2027.
The former Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mahmood Khan, has communicated his wish for the updated project plan (referred to as PC-1) to be sanctioned during the forthcoming meeting of the executive committee of the National Economic Council.
References
Infrastructure in Pakistan
Irrigation projects
Agriculture in Pakistan
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket%20forest | A pocket forest or Miyawaki forest is created by planting native trees, shrubs and groundcover plants to form a canopy layer of tall trees, a shrub layer, and ground cover in small urban areas. The concept was pioneered by Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki as a means of restoring native plant species in damaged ecosystems. The concept has been embraced by environmentalists as a means of teaching urban residents about native forest environments.
Methods
While forests naturally grow through a primary stage and then a secondary stage before reaching their climax stage, pocket forests are created by a dense planting of climax stage species which grow rapidly in competition for sunlight. The area to be planted is first covered with a layer of cardboard which is then covered with of compost and allowed to acclimate to local moisture conditions for several months. The covered area is then planted with year-old plant nursery saplings spaced approximately apart. The entire surface area should be planted at the same time with a variety of native species so no saplings of the same species are adjacent to each other. Watering is unnecessary for native plants acclimated to the local environment; although watering for the first few years after planting, and during drought periods, will reduce mortality of individual plants. Pocket forests planted with greater density than commercial timberland utilize edge lighting in addition to overhead lighting to grow faster while absorbing more carbon dioxide per acre.
Three is the minimum number of different species of nursery saplings for planting a pocket forest. The arrangement below of species A, B and C illustrates avoidance of planting the same species in adjacent positions.
A B C A
B C A B C
A B C A
Examples
Pocket Forests CLG assists creation of pocket forests of within urban areas of Ireland.
The Yakama Nation has planted seven healing forests of 47 species totaling on their corrections and r |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polux | Polux is a measuring device for checking the condition of wooden electricity and telephone poles. This is a specific non-destructive testing tool for wooden poles.
Description
Polux technology is used for safety and maintenance diagnostics. The measurements enable operators to climb poles safely and check the condition of the wood to estimate its remaining lifespan.
History
The Polux technology was developed in the early 90s by Professor Jean-Luc Sandoz, following on from the Sylvatest, at the initial request of EDF, which had the dual problem of the safety and lifespan of their poles. In 2003, the technology was presented at the 17th International Congress on Electrical Distribution Networks in Barcelona. In 2017, a report by Orange's CGT insisted on the danger of unmaintained poles and demonstrated, through several large-scale comparative tests, the scientific contribution of Polux technology to increasing the safety of personnel climbing poles, drawing on the experience of Enedis. It works with Picus software, which uses data consisting of local densitometry measurements at the ground line and hygroscopic measurements. The Polux technology continues to be developed at the CBS-Lifteam Research and Development Centre in Switzerland. The 5th version enables faster data collection and processing, with a miniaturised tool and the Picus application downloadable to smartphones. Polux technology is used in a number of countries, including the United States, Canada, European Union, Africa and Asia.
Awards
In 2003, The Wall Street Journal awarded the first prize for innovation to Polux technology.
In 2006, the 14th international symposium on non-destructive testing equipment presented advances in the technology.
In 2011, the International Seminar of Electrical Energy Distributors presented the use of Polux technology in Germany, using Deutsche Telekom as an example.
Bibliography
• (en) Flávio L. R. Vidor, Marçal Pires, Berenice A. Dedavid, Pedro D. B. Montani |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Carolina%20Aeronautics%20Commission | The South Carolina Aeronautics Commission (SCAC) is a government agency in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The SCAC, in conjunction with the Federal Aviation Administration, is "responsible for collecting, validating, and distributing the operational status of all aspects of the state’s air traffic facilities, in addition to the safety of the people in these locations." The agency also promulgates rules and regulations of airports and administers airport grants in the state.
The SCAC was created in 1935 by an act of the South Carolina General Assembly. Unlike most state aeronautics agencies in the Southeastern United States, the SCAC is not a part of the state's department of transportation.
References
South Carolina
Aeronautics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muometric%20navigation | Muometric navigation is positioning, navigation and timing using cosmic ray muons and other cosmic particles.
It is possible to determine locations with GNSS satellites with well-known positions and time. GNSS is often used by critically important governmental organizations for navigating ships and planes, but the signals can be easily jammed and spoofed. In 2020 Hiroyuki K.M. Tanaka created an entirely new approach from GNSS that locates the receiver's position with cosmic-ray muons.
Muometric techniques include the muometric positioning system (muPS), the muometric wireless navigation system (MuWNS) or muPS Wireless Navigation System (muWNS), cosmic time synchronizer (CTS) and cosmic time calibrator (CTC).
Positioning and navigation
The muometric positioning and navigation techniques are based on the time-of-flight of relativistic cosmic-ray muons between reference detectors and the receiver detector usually located indoor, underground, or underwater. Instead of receiving a GNSS signal, they detect cosmic-ray muons. Three or more reference detectors are deployed with known positions and time-references. Like GNSS, clocks between the reference receivers and the receiver must be well-synchronized. Unlike GNSS, this technology enables navigation in Arctic areas where GNSS satellite access is limited due to orbital constraints of these satellites.
The initial prototype required wiring between the receiver and each reference detector for accurate time synchronization. However, this configuration restricted the range of applicability of the system. Efforts to find a way to navigate without wires, growing out of the success of this initial system replaced wires with a clock. muWNS is expected to be applied to rescue teams, for example, to guide robots underwater and underground by positioning inside tunnels, in a building or mine collapse.
The indoor muometric positioning accuracy is 3.9 cm as of 2023.
Timing
Precise timekeeping generally requires GNSS and atomic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quick%20Share | Quick Share is a wireless data transfer utility developed by Samsung Electronics. It comes with most Samsung Galaxy mobile devices and is also available for Windows. Quick Share utilises Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Direct to send files to nearby Galaxy and SmartThings devices, but it can also send to any other device anywhere using the Samsung Cloud, uploading the files to the web address quickshare.samsungcloud.com.
History
Quick Share debuted along with the Samsung Galaxy S20 and One UI 2.1, with rollout to other Galaxy smartphones and tablets later. Samsung claim the service was created to streamline the process of sending content, superseding a previous service named Link Sharing. Quick Share was launched for Windows-based Galaxy Book notebooks in 2021, and since July 2023 is no longer limited to Samsung Windows PCs but open for all.
Usage
Users can send files to up to 8 nearby Galaxy devices at a time, so long as they have the feature enabled and their screens are on. Quick Share can be toggled in the quick panel settings and the user can choose to receive content from anyone nearby, contacts only, or no one. Content transfer is made possible by choosing Share on e.g. a picture in the Gallery, and then choosing Quick Share, after which the sender chooses which nearby device(s) to send to.
To share with non-Galaxy devices either nearby or anywhere else, Quick Share uploads the files uncompressed to Samsung Cloud and then gives out the URL link, which is automatically copied to the clipboard, to be sent to the recipients by text. Alternatively, a QR code can also be created for recipients to scan if they are physically with the sender in person. Samsung Cloud automatically deletes the uploaded files after a period of two days, and it has a daily upload limit of 5 gigabytes.
The Quick Share app on Windows (available on Microsoft Store) enables Android Galaxy devices devices to instantly share files with Windows devices.
Private Share
Private Share is a derivative |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nessum | Nessum is a communication technology that can be used in a variety of media, including wired, wireless, and underwater, using high frequencies (kHz to MHz bands). It is standardized as IEEE P1901c.
Overview
Nessum has two types of communication: wired (Nessum WIRE) and wireless (Nessum AIR).
Wired communication
Nessum WIRE can be used for various types of lines such as power lines, twisted pair lines, coaxial cable lines, and telephone lines. The communication distance is about 100m to 200m for power lines and 2,000m for coaxial cables. In addition, when an automatic relay function called multi-hop (ITU-T G.9905) is utilized, a maximum of 10 stages of relay is possible. With a maximum physical speed of 1 Gbps and effective speeds ranging from several Mbps to several tens of Mbps, this technology is used to reduce network construction costs by utilizing existing lines, to increase the speed of low-speed wired communication lines, to supplement wireless communication where it cannot reach, and to reduce the number of lines in equipment.
Wireless communication
Short range wireless communication called Nessum AIR. It uses magnetic field communication in the short range, and the communication distance can be controlled in the range of a few centimeters to 100 centimeters. Maximum physical speed is 1 Gbps, with an effective speed of 100 Mbps.
Technical overview
Physical layer (PHY)
The physical layer uses Wavelet OFDM (Wavelet Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). While a guard interval is required in ordinary OFDM systems, the Wavelet OFDM system eliminates the guard interval and increases the occupancy rate of the data portion, thereby achieving high efficiency. In addition, due to the bandwidth limitation of each subcarrier, the level of sidelobes is set low, which facilitates the formation of spectral notches. This minimizes interference with existing systems and allows for flexible compliance with frequency utilization regulations. Furthermore, Pulse- |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihi%20itch | Mihi itch or « Mihisucht » describes the state of those whose main ambition is to describe new species (or other taxa: subspecies, hybrids, genera, etc.) as a mean to immortalize their names. The expression appeared in print as early as 1884.
A consequence of the Mihi itch may be the unwarranted description of new taxa, differing only slightly from already established taxa, leading to taxonomic inflation. A more extreme case may be termed taxonomic vandalism when a large number of species are described with limited scientific evidence.
Examples
• La "nouvelle école" in malacology, led by Jules René Bourguignat, was responsible for the description of hundreds of new species of molluscs in Europe at the end of the nineteen century.
• Harold St. John published 440 names in the genus Pandanus, which encompasses c. 600 accepted species, and 283 names in the genus Cyrtandra, which encompasses c. 700 accepted species.
• Between 2000 and 2011, Raymond Hoser published 582 species names, and 340 generic names of animals (mostly reptiles).
References
Inflation
Inflation
History of science
Sociology of science
Epistemology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laudate%20Deum | Laudate Deum (Praise God) is an apostolic exhortation by Pope Francis, published on October 4, 2023. The text is divided into 73 paragraphs.
Pope Francis calls for brisk action against the climate crisis and condemns climate change denial in his writing.
It is Pope Francis' sixth apostolic exhortation.
Origin of the document
The title refers to the words of St. Francis of Assisi and to the encyclical Laudato si', which was published in 2015. The main goal of "Laudate Deum" is to call once again on all people of good will to care for the poor and for the Earth.
Content
In this document, the Pope expresses hope that societies around the world will change their lifestyles and intensify grassroots activities aimed at reducing the negative human impact on the natural environment, to prevent even more tragic damage to the Earth. The dramatic environmental degradation strongly affects not only the indigenous peoples, the poor, and endangered species, but also the future of all young people. He also calls on politicians and the rich to work for the common good, and not for their own profit and particular interests. Finally (in paragraph 73) the Pope emphasises that "when human beings claim to take God’s place, they become their own worst enemies".
References
See also
Laudato Si' Movement
The Letter: A Message for our Earth (2022)
Climate change and poverty
Ecotheology
Saints and animal/plant life
Stewardship (theology)
External links
Laudate Deum in English on Vatican.va
21st-century Catholicism
2023 in Christianity
2023 in Vatican City
Apostolic exhortations of Pope Francis
Ecology
Social inequality |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvatest | Sylavtest is an ultrasonic measuring device that provides an overall diagnosis of a wooden component to test its mechanical strength. This is a specific non-destructive testing tool for wooden beams.
Description
Sylvatest is an acousto-ultrasonic measuring device that provides an overall diagnosis of the wood element, based on the speed and energy absorption of the transmitted ultrasonic wave. The result given reflects the residual health of the wood in the trunk of the tree tested or the beam measured. These are non-destructive tests.
The technology was developed by Professor Jean-Luc Sandoz as part of his thesis at EPFL in 1984 and was further developed by researcher Yann Benoit in 1998.
Applications
The sylvatest is used in many countries (Brazil, Europe and Asia).
It has been used on historic buildings such as the Entrepôts des magasins généraux in Paris, the Forbidden City in Beijing, and the beams of Notre-Dame de Paris or even the Château de Valère.
It is also used to certify the quality of wood for registered designations of origin such as Bois des Alpes or Bois de Chatreuse.
Bibliography
Research seminar: Diagnosing century-old reclaimed timber with a view to its reuse;
Yosafat Aji Pranata, Muhammad Rusli, « Non-destructive testing go the existing timber columns of Minahasa traditional house »
Nondestructive Techniques for Determination of Wood Mechanical Properties of Urban Trees in Madrid;
CMechanical strength of structural timber. Taking account of singularities when modelling mechanical behaviour.
Rita Bütler, Lita Patty, Renée-Claire Le Bayon et Claire Guenat, Forest Ecology and Management, , avril 2007,
Document de travail Interreg France-Suisse de 2019
Probe-wood contact and gauge pressure with Sylvatest-Duo for precision ultrasonic measurements of wood
Evaluation of two acoustic methods for determining the modulus of elasticity of young hybrid larch wood (Larix x eurolepis Henry) - comparison with a standard static bending method |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMY%20Lighting%20Technology | GMY Lighting Technology Co., LTD (, doing business as GMY), is a large manufacturer of light source components and products, located in Heshan, Guangdong, China.
GMY was founded in 1998 by Yannan "Edward" Hong, and commercially registered in September 2002. By 2010, GMY was the world's largest manufacturer of halogen bulbs.
GMY's manufacturing facility covers an area of nearly 80,000 square meters, and has an annual output of hundreds of millions of light source products, which are sold to more than 100 countries. GMY's product line includes general lighting, automotive lighting, and specialized light sources, especially ultraviolet lights for disinfection , UV lighting for manufacturing processes, IPL lights for health and beauty applications, and artificial light vertical planting solutions.
GMY opened the largest comprehensive plant factory in South China in 2015. In 2017, GMY was recognized as a "Guangdong Provincial Enterprise Technology Center." GMY won the "Ai Rui Cup" in 2018 as one of the China Automotive Industry's top five national brands. It received recognition by the Guangdong Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology in its list of "2022 Guangdong Province Specialized, Special and New Small and Medium-sized Enterprises."
GMY's 222nm ultraviolet light modules won the Zhongzhao China Lighting Award for Science and Technology Innovation issued by the Chinese Lighting Society in March, 2022.The award noted that "The 222nm excimer lamp emits accurate 222nm wavelength ultraviolet light, which is safer to use than traditional 185nm and 254nm ultraviolet light. It does not produce mercury and is harmless to the environment."
GMY has obtained more than 300 patents, including more than 200 ultraviolet-related patents, ranking among the top five China. As of 2021, GMY ranked first in China with patents awarded for 253.7 nm and 185.0 nm ultraviolet germcidall ultraviolet lighting.
References
Manufacturing companies of China
Manufacturi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas%20VPN | Atlas VPN is a freemium VPN service provider with applications for Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, Android TV, and Amazon Fire TV.
The online VPN includes a tool that blocks malware, third-party trackers, and ads. Atlas VPN also offers a data breach monitoring feature that notifies users of potential data breaches.
History
Atlas VPN is operated by Peakstar Technologies Inc.
In March 2020, Atlas VPN gave away a three-month subscription to its premium VPN services to combat misinformation about coronavirus. According to research conducted by the firm, internet censorship is leaving the citizens of some countries uninformed or misinformed about the extent of the outbreak.
On October 15, 2021, Nord Security announced that it had reached a deal to incorporate Atlas VPN to its growing portfolio of cybersecurity brands and products. However, Atlas VPN continues acting independently and pursuing its goals in the "freemium" VPN services market.
In February 2022, Atlas VPN distributed one-year premium VPN subscriptions to media personnel in Ukraine at no cost as a gesture of support.
In February 2023, Atlas VPN received third place in TechRound's VPN53 roundup, which ranks the U.K. and Europe's most innovative VPN companies. As of August 2023, Atlas VPN has 1000+ servers in 49 locations across the world.
Reviews
Forbes rated Atlas VPN 4.4 out of 5, while The Independent, Chip.de and Tom' s Hardware praised its speed. TechRepublic, in turn, reviewed it as a budget-friendly VPN service. German Computer Bild magazine and American Money magazine in their extensive reviews, featured the speed and security as pros, while citing a low number of US servers as a con. PCMag praised freemium options, and criticed awkward interface.
Technology
Atlas VPN offers two different connection protocols: IPSec/IKEv2 and WireGuard tunneling protocols. It used ChaCha20 or AES-256 for data encryption.
In 2020, Atlas VPN launched the VPN Adoption Index, a research analyzing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight%20line%20engine%20turning | A straight line engine turning machine is a machine used for engraving decorative patterns on a surface. The engraving may be referred to as Guilloché, which also encompasses patterns created with the rose engine lathe. Where the rose engine is based on a lathe, the straight line engine has more in common with a metal planer machine.
The straight line engine turning machine commonly consisted of an upright slide, a cross slide, a slide rest which holds the cutting tool, and a pattern bar holder
References
Lathes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimal | A ganimal, also commonly referred to as GANimal, is a hybrid animal created with Generative artificial intelligence systems, such as generative adversarial networks (GANs) or diffusion models. The term ganimal is a portmanteau between the words "animal" and "GAN." It is typically used to refer to a hybrid animal generated by interpolating between distinct species; the term can also refer to any AI-generated creatures that have not been identified in reality. Ganimals are closely related to Artbreeder, an online website for blending images with AI.
There exist 78,210 ganimals generated from hybrid pairs of animal labels from BigGAN (G1) and 3,058,362,945 ganimals generated from blending G1 ganimals.
Example ganimals
The Baby Oagen is a ganimal combing a great white shark and a golden retriever. The Golden Foofa is a ganimal combining a golden retriever and a goldfish.
Meet the Ganimals
Meet the Ganimals is an online platform that allows visitors to generate, blend and curate ganimals. As of June 2020, 44,791 ganimals were generated, 8,547 ganimals were bred, and 743 ganimals were named by a total of 10,657 users. It also has an educational component where visitors can play with blending and learn about AI.
Evolution and ganimal morphology
Because ganimals exist within an attention economy and evolve based on human preferences, charismatic megafauna (e.g. ganimals with cute, dog-like morphologies) become the most popular. However, social cues can increase the diversity of the ganimals ecosystem and lead to the success of unconventional ganimals, such as those without eyes or that live underwater.
The Barracuda Effect
Although there is typically no human morphology used to synthesize ganimals, creepy humanoid characters would emerge whenever animals were bred with a barracuda. This occurs because many pictures on the internet of barracudas include a human holding the fish up as a prized catch. This highlights a cultural form of algorithmic bias embedded |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Hunter%20Thomas | John Hunter Thomas (March 26, 1928 – July 20, 1999) was an American botanist, professor of biological sciences at Stanford University, curator and director of the Dudley Herbarium, and joint curator at the California Academy of Sciences. He was known for his study of plants in the Sonoran Desert, the Santa Cruz Mountains, and the Alaska North Slope, and for his history of botanical exploration in Washington, Oregon, and California. His doctoral research on the plants of the Santa Cruz Mountains was published as a guide to the vascular plants of coastal, central California, and was recognized as a standard reference work for regional flora. It was used for decades as teaching material for courses in systematic botany and the ecology of vascular plants at Stanford. Thomas helped establish the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve and was a primary contributor to what later became the Jasper Ridge Oakmead Herbarium (JROH). In total, Thomas collected more than 20,000 plant specimens for herbaria throughout his career.
Biography
Thomas was born in Beuthen, Germany, on March 26, 1928, to American parents, Roy and Lucile Thomas. He had a younger sister, Mary Louise Thomas. Thomas spent his early childhood in Poland where his father was a mining engineer. In 1939, his family moved back to the United States, taking up residence in New England. He completed his college preparatory studies in 1945 at Kent School in Connecticut, and his undergraduate work at the California Institute of Technology in 1949.
After completing his undergraduate work at Caltech, Thomas spent the next decade as a graduate student at Stanford University (MA, 1949; PhD, 1959). His masters thesis focused on the taxonomy and distribution of the evening primrose family of flowering plants in the Sonoran Desert. In 1950, he made a preliminary identification of two species of Onagraceae. That same year, he joined Stanford botanist and faculty member Ira Loren Wiggins to study the plants in Point Barrow, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen%20fuel%20cell%20power%20plant | A hydrogen fuel cell power plant uses a hydrogen fuel cell to generate electricity for the power grid. They are larger in scale than backup generators such as the Bloom Energy Server and can be up to 60% efficient in converting hydrogen to electricity. There is little to no Nitrous oxide or Sulfur oxides produced in the fuel cell process, which is produced in the process of a combined cycle hydrogen power plant. If the hydrogen could be produced with electrolysis also known as green hydrogen, then this could be a solution to the energy storage problem of renewable energy.
Shinincheon Bitdream Hydrogen Fuel Cell Power Plant
The Shinincheon Bitdream Hydrogen Fuel Cell Power Plant in Incheon, South Korea opened in late 2021 that can produce 78.96 MegaWatts of power. It is one of the first large scale fuel cell power plants for the grid and not just as a backup generator. The plant will also purify the air by sucking in 2.4 tons of fine dust per year and filtering it out of the air. It will also produce hot water as a by-product that will be used to heat houses locally.
Cogeneration or combined cycle
Fuel cells produce a lot of hot water and a cogeneration or combined cycle could be used for further benefit or to produce more electricity with a steam turbine, increasing the efficiency to >80% using a Phosphoric acid fuel cell.
Water uses
Further studies are needed to see if the water is potable. Places that are dry and have water shortages could use the water for agriculture or other greywater uses.
High temperature electrolysis at nuclear power plants
High-temperature electrolysis at nuclear power plants could produce hydrogen at scale and more efficiently. The DOE Office of Nuclear Energy has demonstration projects to test 3 nuclear facilities in the United States at:
Nine Mile Point Nuclear Generating Station in Oswego, NY
Davis–Besse Nuclear Power Station in Oak Harbor, Ohio
Prairie Island Nuclear Power Plant in Red Wing, Minnesota
See also
Strateg |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleobiota%20of%20the%20Ca%C3%B1ad%C3%B3n%20Asfalto%20Formation | The Cañadón Asfalto Formation is a geological formation which dates to the Toarcian age of the Early Jurassic period of Argentina. The rocks of the formation preserve a diverse biota, including plants, dinosaurs, invertebrates, mammals and pterosaurs, among others. The formation is divided into two members: the lower Las Chacritas Member, and the overlying Puesto Almada member, though the latter has also been assigned to the overlying Cañadón Calcáreo Formation by some authors. The members are typically composed of fluvial-lacustrine deposits consisting of sandstones and shales, with a limestone carbonate evaporitic sequence also being present in the lower of the two.
Invertebrates
Demospongiae
Crustacea
Mollusca
Insecta
Insect eggs of unknown affinity were reported from several layers of the Estancia Fossati locality.
Vertebrates
Fish
Amphibians
Turtles
Lepidosaurs
Crocodylomorpha
Pterosaurs
Theropods
During a campaign conducted in early 2021, remains of a large theropod dinosaur were found near the town of Las Chacritas. In 2020 a new fossil locality was found, named Cañadón de las Huellas due to the large number of sauropod, and probably theropod, footprints on one of the canyon walls. In the same locality in 2021, articulated remains where recovered and represent at least one sauropod and one large theropod.
At least four theropod morphotypes, including one with ceratosaur and another with Piatnitzkysauridae affinities, are known from the Cañadón Bagual.
Sauropodomorphs
Ornithischians
Mammals
Fungi
Plants
According to a palynological study the dominant pollen was produced by the conifer families Cheirolepidiaceae (Classopollis) and Araucariaceae (mainly Araucariacites and Callialasporites), suggesting that warm-temperate and relatively humid conditions under highly seasonal climate prevailed during the depositional times of the unit. The abundance of Botryococcus supports the presence of a shallow lake with probably saline conditions. Locally, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Society%20for%20Transgenic%20Technologies | The International Society for Transgenic Technologies (ISTT) is an organization dedicated to advancing research, communication, and technology exchange regarding transgenic technologies.
Purpose
Support for scientific research and education in the field of generating genetically modified model organisms in adherence with the 3Rs principles.
Promotion of science and technology used in the generation and analysis of genetically modified organisms for biomedical research and biotechnological application.
Providing the organizational framework for a scientific community that includes academic and industrial scientists, students and technical assistants, and in general, any individuals with an interest in the generation of and the analysis of genetically modified organisms.
Providing a communication and knowledge sharing platform that brings together scientists from academic research and industry, as well as research technology experts.
Organization of a regular international scientific conference entitled "Transgenic Technology Meeting".
Publication of specialist information in the form of books, protocols, and other specialist texts in the field of transgenic technologies.
Organization and promotion of courses, seminars, and other educational activities for training in transgenic technologies.
Cooperation with other national and international societies with similar aims (e.g., IMGS, AALAS, AAALAC, FELASA).
Providing information to the public about the benefits associated with using and applying transgenic technologies.
Providing local, national and international bodies with expert advice and guidance on scientific, technical or other aspects of generating genetically modified organisms.
Resources and education
Every one and a half years the ISTT organizes an international scientific conference, the Transgenic Technology Meeting, also known as the TT Meeting. To promote communication and technology exchange, the website of the society publishes informatio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helldivers%202 | Helldivers 2 is an upcoming video game. It is the sequel to the 2015 video game Helldivers. Unlike the first game, which was a top-down shooter, Helldivers 2 is a third-person shooter. It is scheduled to be released on February 8, 2024 for PlayStation 5 and Microsoft Windows.
Gameplay
Unlike the first game, which was a top-down shooter, Helldivers 2 is a third-person shooter. Similar to the first game, players are able to select Strategems, which are air drops players can call, which include cluster bombs, sentry guns, shield generators or supply pods containing limited-use special weaponry. Friendly fire is also always on. The game's armor system is inspired by real firearms fired against armored targets. The game also features multiplayer with up to four players, in which they're able to "explore unique planets and complete objectives together, and upgrade your equipment through the deep progression system of Helldivers 2."
Development
On December 3, 2020, Arrowhead Game Studios revealed that they were working on a new project expected to be released on PlayStation 5. It was also confirmed that the game would be a third-person shooter. CEO and game director, Johan Pilestedt said, "We are incredibly excited to create a new, next-gen, co-op experience for our fans and community. We are looking for talented developers to join us on this journey and are looking forward to sharing more details about the project at a later date."
On September 13, 2021, Helldivers 2 was mentioned in a GeForce Now leak. The game was then teased in a TikTok post that the developers uploaded. The post show's Arrowhead's social media manager starting their workday, which is then followed by a series of posts from fans demanding them to release the game. A portion of the game's trailer was then leaked, but was later removed.
On May 24, 2023, Helldivers 2 was announced during a PlayStation Showcase, which stated that the game would release later in 2023. On July 6, 2023, a trailer showc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrei%20Tunnel | is a tunnel on the JR's Chuo Main Line in Japan that runs from Okaya, Nagano to Shiojiri, Nagano in Nagano prefecture with approximate length of 5.994 km. It was completed and opened in 1983.
See also
List of tunnels in Japan
Seikan Tunnel Tappi Shakō Line
Sakhalin–Hokkaido Tunnel
Bohai Strait tunnel
References
External links
Enrei Tunnel
Enrei Tunnel from website: c-nexco.co.jp
Enrei Tunnel (gov. site)
Railway tunnels in Japan
Chūō Main Line
Tunnels completed in 1983 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard%20G.%20Medioni | Gérard G. Medioni is a computer scientist, author, academic and inventor. He is a vice president and distinguished scientist at Amazon and serves as emeritus professor of Computer Science at the University of Southern California.
Medioni has made contributions to computer vision, in particular 3D sensing, surface reconstruction, and object modelling. He has translated his computer vision research into customer-facing inventions and products. He has authored four books, including Emerging Topics in Computer Vision, Multimedia Systems: Algorithms, Standards, and Industry Practices, and A Computational Framework for Segmentation and Grouping, and has published more than 80 journal papers, 200 conference papers, with over
34,000 citations and his h-index is 88. In addition, he holds 103 patents to his name which include Visual tracking in video images in unconstrained environments by exploiting on-the-fly context using supporters and distracters and Depth mapping based on pattern matching and stereoscopic information, along with patents on Just Walk Out technology and Amazon One.
Medioni is a Fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the International Association for Pattern Recognition, and the National Academy of Inventors. He is also a member of National Academy of Engineering.
Education and early career
Medioni obtained his Diplôme d'Ingénieur in 1977 from Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Telecommunications (ENST) Paris and was appointed as a Research Engineer at Thomson-CSF from 1977 to 1978. He then completed his MSc in 1980 and his Ph.D. in 1983 in computer science from the University of Southern California.
Career
Following his Ph.D., in 1983, Medioni began his academic career as a research associate professor in the Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at the University of Southern California. He was subsequently promoted, becoming an assistant professo |
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