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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive%20root%20modulo%20n | In modular arithmetic, a number is a primitive root modulo if every number coprime to is congruent to a power of modulo . That is, is a primitive root modulo if for every integer coprime to , there is some integer for which ≡ (mod ). Such a value is called the index or discrete logarithm of to the base mo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall%27s%20marriage%20theorem | In mathematics, Hall's marriage theorem, proved by , is a theorem with two equivalent formulations. In each case, the theorem gives a necessary and sufficient condition for an object to exist:
The combinatorial formulation answers whether a finite collection of sets has a transversal—that is, whether an element can be... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency%20allocation | Frequency allocation (or spectrum allocation or spectrum management) is the allocation and regulation of the electromagnetic spectrum into radio frequency bands, normally done by governments in most countries. Because radio propagation does not stop at national boundaries, governments have sought to harmonise the alloc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han%20unification | Han unification is an effort by the authors of Unicode and the Universal Character Set to map multiple character sets of the Han characters of the so-called CJK languages into a single set of unified characters. Han characters are a feature shared in common by written Chinese (hanzi), Japanese (kanji), Korean (hanja) a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna%20%28radio%29 | In radio engineering, an antenna (American English) or aerial (British English) is the interface between radio waves propagating through space and electric currents moving in metal conductors, used with a transmitter or receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter supplies an electric current to the antenna's termin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State%20diagram | A state diagram is a type of diagram used in computer science and related fields to describe the behavior of systems. State diagrams require that the system described is composed of a finite number of states; sometimes, this is indeed the case, while at other times this is a reasonable abstraction. Many forms of state ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20susceptibility | In electromagnetism, the magnetic susceptibility (; denoted , chi) is a measure of how much a material will become magnetized in an applied magnetic field. It is the ratio of magnetization (magnetic moment per unit volume) to the applied magnetizing field intensity . This allows a simple classification, into two categ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco%20IOS | The Internetworking Operating System (IOS) is a family of proprietary network operating systems used on several router and network switch models manufactured by Cisco Systems. The system is a package of routing, switching, internetworking, and telecommunications functions integrated into a multitasking operating system... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20metric | In software engineering and development, a software metric is a standard of measure of a degree to which a software system or process possesses some property. Even if a metric is not a measurement (metrics are functions, while measurements are the numbers obtained by the application of metrics), often the two terms are... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenz%27s%20law | Lenz's law states that the direction of the electric current induced in a conductor by a changing magnetic field is such that the magnetic field created by the induced current opposes changes in the initial magnetic field. It is named after physicist Emil Lenz, who formulated it in 1834.
It is a qualitative law that s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APT%20%28software%29 | Advanced package tool, or APT, is a free-software user interface that works with core libraries to handle the installation and removal of software on Debian, and Debian-based Linux distributions. APT simplifies the process of managing software on Unix-like computer systems by automating the retrieval, configuration and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCI%20Communications | MCI Communications Corporation (originally Microwave Communications, Inc.) was a telecommunications company headquartered in Washington, D.C. that was at one point the second-largest long-distance provider in the United States.
MCI was instrumental in legal and regulatory changes that led to the breakup of the Bell Sy... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraph%20key | A telegraph key or Morse key is a specialized electrical switch used by a trained operator to transmit text messages in Morse code in a telegraphy system. Keys are used in all forms of electrical telegraph systems, including landline (also called wire) telegraphy and radio (also called wireless) telegraphy. An operat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamarckism | Lamarckism, also known as Lamarckian inheritance or neo-Lamarckism, is the notion that an organism can pass on to its offspring physical characteristics that the parent organism acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime. It is also called the inheritance of acquired characteristics or more recently soft inheri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTAN | CTAN (an acronym for "Comprehensive TeX Archive Network") is the authoritative place where TeX related material and software can be found for download. Repositories for other projects, such as the MiKTeX distribution of TeX, constantly mirror most of CTAN.
History
Before CTAN there were a number of people who made som... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound%20Blaster | Sound Blaster is a family of sound cards and audio peripherals designed by Singaporean technology company Creative Technology (known in the US as Creative Labs). The first Sound Blaster card was introduced in 1989.
Sound Blaster sound cards were the de facto standard for consumer audio on the IBM PC compatible system ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large%20numbers | Large numbers are numbers significantly larger than those typically used in everyday life (for instance in simple counting or in monetary transactions), appearing frequently in fields such as mathematics, cosmology, cryptography, and statistical mechanics. They are typically large positive integers, or more generally, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percolation%20theory | In statistical physics and mathematics, percolation theory describes the behavior of a network when nodes or links are added. This is a geometric type of phase transition, since at a critical fraction of addition the network of small, disconnected clusters merge into significantly larger connected, so-called spanning c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport%20Layer%20Security | Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network. The protocol is widely used in applications such as email, instant messaging, and voice over IP, but its use in securing HTTPS remains the most publicly visible.
The TLS protocol aims primari... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitness%20%28biology%29 | Fitness (often denoted or ω in population genetics models) is the quantitative representation of individual reproductive success. It is also equal to the average contribution to the gene pool of the next generation, made by the same individuals of the specified genotype or phenotype. Fitness can be defined either with... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Card%20standards | Card standard(s) may refer to any amount of numbers of ISO standards related to smartcards.
ISO/IEC 7810 Identification cards — Physical characteristics
ISO/IEC 7812 Identification cards — Identification of issuers
ISO/IEC 7816 Identification cards — Integrated circuit cards
ISO/IEC 14443 Identification cards — Con... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasting | Fasting is the abstention from eating and sometimes drinking. From a purely physiological context, "fasting" may refer to the metabolic status of a person who has not eaten overnight (see "Breakfast"), or to the metabolic state achieved after complete digestion and absorption of a meal. Metabolic changes in the fasting... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centroid | In mathematics and physics, the centroid, also known as geometric center or center of figure, of a plane figure or solid figure is the point defined by the arithmetic mean position of all the points in the surface of the figure. In a polytope, it can be found using the arithmetic mean position of the vertices. The same... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPIX | WPIX (channel 11) is a television station in New York City, serving as the de facto flagship of The CW Television Network. Owned by Mission Broadcasting, the station is operated by CW majority owner Nexstar Media Group under a local marketing agreement (LMA). Since its inception in 1948, WPIX's studios and offices have... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactivation | In the context of gene regulation: transactivation is the increased rate of gene expression triggered either by biological processes or by artificial means, through the expression of an intermediate transactivator protein.
In the context of receptor signaling, transactivation occurs when one or more receptors activa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test%20card | A test card, also known as a test pattern or start-up/closedown test, is a television test signal, typically broadcast at times when the transmitter is active but no program is being broadcast (often at sign-on and sign-off).
Used since the earliest TV broadcasts, test cards were originally physical cards at which a t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSD | In Internet computing, NSD (for "name server daemon") is an open-source Domain Name System (DNS) server. It was developed by NLnet Labs of Amsterdam in cooperation with the RIPE NCC, from scratch as an authoritative name server (i.e., not implementing the recursive caching function by design). The intention of this de... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20Privacy%20Information%20Center | Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) is an independent nonprofit research center established in 1994 to protect privacy, freedom of expression, and democratic values in the information age. EPIC is based in Washington, D.C. EPIC's mission is to secure the fundamental right to privacy in the digital age for all ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconfigurable%20computing | Reconfigurable computing is a computer architecture combining some of the flexibility of software with the high performance of hardware by processing with very flexible high speed computing fabrics like field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The principal difference when compared to using ordinary microprocessors is t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoric%20acid | Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is commonly encountered as an 85% aqueous solution, which is a colourless, odourless, and non-volatile syrupy liquid. It is a majo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiomatic%20system | In mathematics and logic, an axiomatic system is any set of axioms from which some or all axioms can be used in conjunction to logically derive theorems. A theory is a consistent, relatively-self-contained body of knowledge which usually contains an axiomatic system and all its derived theorems. An axiomatic system tha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytopathology | Cytopathology (from Greek , kytos, "a hollow"; , pathos, "fate, harm"; and , -logia) is a branch of pathology that studies and diagnoses diseases on the cellular level. The discipline was founded by George Nicolas Papanicolaou in 1928. Cytopathology is generally used on samples of free cells or tissue fragments, in con... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TI%20Advanced%20Scientific%20Computer | The Advanced Scientific Computer (ASC) is a supercomputer designed and manufactured by Texas Instruments (TI) between 1966 and 1973. The ASC's central processing unit (CPU) supported vector processing, a performance-enhancing technique which was key to its high-performance. The ASC, along with the Control Data Corporat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitachi | () is a Japanese multinational electronics company headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo. It traces its origins back to 1910 with the establishment of a subsidiary electrical machinery manufacturing plant by Namihei Odaira within the Kuhara Mining Plant Hitachi Mine in Hitachi, Ibaraki. It became independent from the Mining ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreducible%20polynomial | In mathematics, an irreducible polynomial is, roughly speaking, a polynomial that cannot be factored into the product of two non-constant polynomials. The property of irreducibility depends on the nature of the coefficients that are accepted for the possible factors, that is, the field to which the coefficients of the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo%20Guidance%20Computer | The Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) was a digital computer produced for the Apollo program that was installed on board each Apollo command module (CM) and Apollo Lunar Module (LM). The AGC provided computation and electronic interfaces for guidance, navigation, and control of the spacecraft. The AGC was the first comput... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabi%E2%80%93Yau%20manifold | In algebraic geometry, a Calabi–Yau manifold, also known as a Calabi–Yau space, is a particular type of manifold which has properties, such as Ricci flatness, yielding applications in theoretical physics. Particularly in superstring theory, the extra dimensions of spacetime are sometimes conjectured to take the form of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjoint%20union | In mathematics, a disjoint union (or discriminated union) of a family of sets is a set often denoted by with an injection of each into such that the images of these injections form a partition of (that is, each element of belongs to exactly one of these images). A disjoint union of a family of pairwise disjoint ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code%20generation%20%28compiler%29 | In computing, code generation is part of the process chain of a compiler and converts intermediate representation of source code into a form (e.g., machine code) that can be readily executed by the target system.
Sophisticated compilers typically perform multiple passes over various intermediate forms. This multi-stag... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic%20analysis%20%28compilers%29 | Semantic analysis or context sensitive analysis is a process in compiler construction, usually after parsing, to gather necessary semantic information from the source code. It usually includes type checking, or makes sure a variable is declared before use which is impossible to describe in the extended Backus–Naur form... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online%20analytical%20processing | Online analytical processing, or OLAP (), is an approach to answer multi-dimensional analytical (MDA) queries swiftly in computing. OLAP is part of the broader category of business intelligence, which also encompasses relational databases, report writing and data mining. Typical applications of OLAP include business r... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpiderMonkey | SpiderMonkey is open-source JavaScript and WebAssembly engine by the Mozilla Foundation.
It is the first JavaScript engine, written by Brendan Eich at Netscape Communications, and later released as open source and currently maintained by the Mozilla Foundation. It is used in the Firefox web browser.
History
Eich "wr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthday%20attack | A birthday attack is a bruteforce collision attack that exploits the mathematics behind the birthday problem in probability theory. This attack can be used to abuse communication between two or more parties. The attack depends on the higher likelihood of collisions found between random attack attempts and a fixed degre... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuarial%20science | Actuarial science is the discipline that applies mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk in insurance, pension, finance, investment and other industries and professions. More generally, actuaries apply rigorous mathematics to model matters of uncertainty and life expectancy.
Actuaries are professionals tra... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biophilia%20hypothesis | The biophilia hypothesis (also called BET) suggests that humans possess an innate tendency to seek connections with nature and other forms of life. Edward O. Wilson introduced and popularized the hypothesis in his book, Biophilia (1984). He defines biophilia as "the urge to affiliate with other forms of life".
Natura... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-silica%20fiber | All-silica fiber, or silica-silica fiber, is an optical fiber whose core and cladding are made of silica glass. The refractive index of the core glass is higher than that of the cladding. These fibers are typically step-index fibers. The cladding of an all-silica fiber should not be confused with the polymer overcoat o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermitian%20matrix | In mathematics, a Hermitian matrix (or self-adjoint matrix) is a complex square matrix that is equal to its own conjugate transpose—that is, the element in the -th row and -th column is equal to the complex conjugate of the element in the -th row and -th column, for all indices and :
or in matrix form:
Hermitian mat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCARS | In the Star Trek fictional universe, LCARS (; an acronym for Library Computer Access/Retrieval System) is a computer operating system. Within Star Trek chronology, the term was first used in the Star Trek: The Next Generation series.
Production
The LCARS graphical user interface was designed by scenic art supervisor ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfinite%20number | In mathematics, transfinite numbers or infinite numbers are numbers that are "infinite" in the sense that they are larger than all finite numbers. These include the transfinite cardinals, which are cardinal numbers used to quantify the size of infinite sets, and the transfinite ordinals, which are ordinal numbers used ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automaton | An automaton (; : automata or automatons) is a relatively self-operating machine, or control mechanism designed to automatically follow a sequence of operations, or respond to predetermined instructions. Some automata, such as bellstrikers in mechanical clocks, are designed to give the illusion to the casual observer t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming%20paradigm | Programming paradigms are a way to classify programming languages based on their features. Languages can be classified into multiple paradigms.
Some paradigms are concerned mainly with implications for the execution model of the language, such as allowing side effects, or whether the sequence of operations is defined ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constraint%20programming | Constraint programming (CP) is a paradigm for solving combinatorial problems that draws on a wide range of techniques from artificial intelligence, computer science, and operations research. In constraint programming, users declaratively state the constraints on the feasible solutions for a set of decision variables. C... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-card | E-card is an electronic postcard or greeting card, with the primary difference being that it is created using digital media instead of paper or other traditional materials. E-cards are made available in many different ways, usually on various Internet sites. They can be sent to a recipient virtually, usually via e-mail... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coevolution | In biology, coevolution occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution through the process of natural selection. The term sometimes is used for two traits in the same species affecting each other's evolution, as well as gene-culture coevolution.
Charles Darwin mentioned evolutionary interac... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message%20switching | In telecommunications, message switching involves messages routed in their entirety, one hop at a time. It evolved from circuit switching and was the precursor of packet switching.
An example of message switching is email in which the message is sent through different intermediate servers to reach the mail server for ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin | Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers that form key structural materials in the support tissues of most plants. Lignins are particularly important in the formation of cell walls, especially in wood and bark, because they lend rigidity and do not rot easily. Chemically, lignins are polymers made by cross-linkin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attractor | In the mathematical field of dynamical systems, an attractor is a set of states toward which a system tends to evolve, for a wide variety of starting conditions of the system. System values that get close enough to the attractor values remain close even if slightly disturbed.
In finite-dimensional systems, the evolvin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20space | In dynamical systems theory and control theory, a phase space or state space is a space in which all possible "states" of a dynamical system or a control system are represented, with each possible state corresponding to one unique point in the phase space. For mechanical systems, the phase space usually consists of all... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/42%20%28number%29 | 42 (forty-two) is the natural number that follows 41 and precedes 43.
Mathematics
Forty-two (42) is a pronic number and an abundant number; its prime factorization () makes it the second sphenic number and also the second of the form ().
Additional properties of the number 42 include:
It is the number of isomorphis... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortality%20rate | Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time. Mortality rate is typically expressed in units of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year; thus, a mortality rate of 9.5 (out of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple%20dispatch | Multiple dispatch or multimethods is a feature of some programming languages in which a function or method can be dynamically dispatched based on the run-time (dynamic) type or, in the more general case, some other attribute of more than one of its arguments. This is a generalization of single-dispatch polymorphism whe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic%20function | In computer programming, a generic function is a function defined for polymorphism.
In statically typed languages
In statically typed languages (such as C++ and Java), the term generic functions refers to a mechanism for compile-time polymorphism (static dispatch), specifically parametric polymorphism. These are func... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20statistics%20articles |
0–9
1.96
2SLS (two-stage least squares) redirects to instrumental variable
3SLS – see three-stage least squares
68–95–99.7 rule
100-year flood
A
A priori probability
Abductive reasoning
Absolute deviation
Absolute risk reduction
Absorbing Markov chain
ABX test
Accelerated failure time model
Acceptable quality limit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine%20tool | A machine tool is a machine for handling or machining metal or other rigid materials, usually by cutting, boring, grinding, shearing, or other forms of deformations. Machine tools employ some sort of tool that does the cutting or shaping. All machine tools have some means of constraining the workpiece and provide a g... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/86-DOS | 86-DOS (known internally as QDOS, for Quick and Dirty Operating System) is a discontinued operating system developed and marketed by Seattle Computer Products (SCP) for its Intel 8086-based computer kit.
86-DOS shared a few of its commands with other operating systems like OS/8 and CP/M, which made it easy to port pro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6lder%27s%20inequality | In mathematical analysis, Hölder's inequality, named after Otto Hölder, is a fundamental inequality between integrals and an indispensable tool for the study of spaces.
The numbers and above are said to be Hölder conjugates of each other. The special case gives a form of the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality. Hölder's ine... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLED | The organic light-emitting diode (OLED), also known as organic electroluminescent (organic EL) diode, is a light-emitting diode (LED) in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound that emits light in response to an electric current. This organic layer is situated between two electrodes; t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariance%20matrix | In probability theory and statistics, a covariance matrix (also known as auto-covariance matrix, dispersion matrix, variance matrix, or variance–covariance matrix) is a square matrix giving the covariance between each pair of elements of a given random vector.
Intuitively, the covariance matrix generalizes the notion ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioregionalism | Bioregionalism is a philosophy that suggests that political, cultural, and economic systems are more sustainable and just if they are organized around naturally defined areas called bioregions, similar to ecoregions. Bioregions are defined through physical and environmental features, including watershed boundaries and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handheld%20Device%20Markup%20Language | The Handheld Device Markup Language (HDML) is a markup language intended for display on handheld computers, information appliances, smartphones, etc.. It is similar to HTML, but for wireless and handheld devices with small displays, like PDA, mobile phones and so on.
It was originally developed in about 1996 by Unwi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RADIUS | Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) is a networking protocol that provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) management for users who connect and use a network service. RADIUS was developed by Livingston Enterprises in 1991 as an access server authentication and accounting ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headphones | Headphones are a pair of small loudspeaker drivers worn on or around the head over a user's ears. They are electroacoustic transducers, which convert an electrical signal to a corresponding sound. Headphones let a single user listen to an audio source privately, in contrast to a loudspeaker, which emits sound into the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline%20of%20quantum%20computing%20and%20communication | This is a timeline of quantum computing.
1960s
1968
Stephen Wiesner invented conjugate coding (published in ACM SIGACT News 15(1):78–88).
1970s
1970
James Park articulated the no-cloning theorem.
1973
Alexander Holevo published a paper showing that n qubits can carry more than n classical bits of information, b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential%20growth | Exponential growth is a process that increases quantity over time. It occurs when the instantaneous rate of change (that is, the derivative) of a quantity with respect to time is proportional to the quantity itself. Described as a function, a quantity undergoing exponential growth is an exponential function of time, th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minkowski%20inequality | In mathematical analysis, the Minkowski inequality establishes that the Lp spaces are normed vector spaces. Let be a measure space, let and let and be elements of Then is in and we have the triangle inequality
with equality for if and only if and are positively linearly dependent; that is, for some or Her... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20roof | A green roof or living roof is a roof of a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane. It may also include additional layers such as a root barrier and drainage and irrigation systems. Container gardens on roofs, where plants are maintain... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD%20player | A CD player is an electronic device that plays audio compact discs, which are a digital optical disc data storage format. CD players were first sold to consumers in 1982. CDs typically contain recordings of audio material such as music or audiobooks. CD players may be part of home stereo systems, car audio systems, per... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20of%20accounting%20articles | This page is an index of accounting topics.
A
Accounting ethics - Accounting information system - Accounting research - Activity-Based Costing - Assets
B
Balance sheet
- Big Four auditors
- Bond
- Bookkeeping
- Book value
C
Cash-basis accounting
- Cash-basis versus accrual-basis accounting
- Cash flow statement
- Ce... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20hash%20table | A distributed hash table (DHT) is a distributed system that provides a lookup service similar to a hash table. Key–value pairs are stored in a DHT, and any participating node can efficiently retrieve the value associated with a given key. The main advantage of a DHT is that nodes can be added or removed with minimum wo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runtime%20%28program%20lifecycle%20phase%29 | In computer science, runtime, run time, or execution time is the final phase of a computer programs life cycle, in which the code is being executed on the computer's central processing unit (CPU) as machine code. In other words, "runtime" is the running phase of a program.
A runtime error is detected after or during t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Library%20of%20Babel | "The Library of Babel" () is a short story by Argentine author and librarian Jorge Luis Borges (1899–1986), conceiving of a universe in the form of a vast library containing all possible 410-page books of a certain format and character set.
The story was originally published in Spanish in Borges' 1941 collection of st... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless%20access%20point | In computer networking, a wireless access point, or more generally just access point (AP), is a networking hardware device that allows other Wi-Fi devices to connect to a wired network. As a standalone device, the AP may have a wired connection to a router, but, in a wireless router, it can also be an integral componen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deprecation | In several fields, especially computing, deprecation is the discouragement of use of some terminology, feature, design, or practice, typically because it has been superseded or is no longer considered efficient or safe, without completely removing it or prohibiting its use. Typically, deprecated materials are not compl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XMPP | Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP, originally named Jabber) is an open communication protocol designed for instant messaging (IM), presence information, and contact list maintenance. Based on XML (Extensible Markup Language), it enables the near-real-time exchange of structured data between two or more n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite%20dish | A satellite dish is a dish-shaped type of parabolic antenna designed to receive or transmit information by radio waves to or from a communication satellite. The term most commonly means a dish which receives direct-broadcast satellite television from a direct broadcast satellite in geostationary orbit.
History
Parab... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20701 | The IBM 701 Electronic Data Processing Machine, known as the Defense Calculator while in development, was IBM’s first commercial scientific computer and its first series production mainframe computer, which was announced to the public on May 21, 1952. It was invented and developed by Jerrier Haddad and Nathaniel Roches... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luck | Luck is the phenomenon and belief that defines the experience of improbable events, especially improbably positive or negative ones. The naturalistic interpretation is that positive and negative events may happen at any time, both due to random and non-random natural and artificial processes, and that even improbable ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven%20Bridges%20of%20K%C3%B6nigsberg | The Seven Bridges of Königsberg is a historically notable problem in mathematics. Its negative resolution by Leonhard Euler in 1736 laid the foundations of graph theory and prefigured the idea of topology.
The city of Königsberg in Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia) was set on both sides of the Pregel River, and includ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIVAC%201102 | The UNIVAC 1102 or ERA 1102 was designed by Engineering Research Associates for the United States Air Force's Arnold Engineering Development Center in Tullahoma, Tennessee in response to a request for proposal issued in 1950. The Air Force needed three computers to do data reduction for two wind tunnels and an engine t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate%E2%80%93distortion%20theory | Rate–distortion theory is a major branch of information theory which provides the theoretical foundations for lossy data compression; it addresses the problem of determining the minimal number of bits per symbol, as measured by the rate R, that should be communicated over a channel, so that the source (input signal) ca... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maher%20Arar | Maher Arar () (born 1970) is a telecommunications engineer with dual Syrian and Canadian citizenship who has resided in Canada since 1987.
Arar was detained during a layover at John F. Kennedy International Airport in September 2002 on his way home to Canada from a family vacation in Tunis. He was held without charges... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triviality%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, the adjective trivial is often used to refer to a claim or a case which can be readily obtained from context, or an object which possesses a simple structure (e.g., groups, topological spaces). The noun triviality usually refers to a simple technical aspect of some proof or definition. The origin of the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPC%207xx | The PowerPC 7xx is a family of third generation 32-bit PowerPC microprocessors designed and manufactured by IBM and Motorola (spun off as Freescale Semiconductor bought by NXP Semiconductors). This family is called the PowerPC G3 by Apple Computer (later Apple Inc.), which introduced it on November 10, 1997. The term "... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixing%20console | A mixing console or mixing desk is an electronic device for mixing audio signals, used in sound recording and reproduction and sound reinforcement systems. Inputs to the console include microphones, signals from electric or electronic instruments, or recorded sounds. Mixers may control analog or digital signals. The mo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offshore%20construction | Offshore construction is the installation of structures and facilities in a marine environment, usually for the production and transmission of electricity, oil, gas and other resources. It is also called maritime engineering.
Construction and pre-commissioning is typically performed as much as possible onshore. To opt... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20of%20the%20instrument | The law of the instrument, law of the hammer, Maslow's hammer (or gavel), or golden hammer is a cognitive bias that involves an over-reliance on a familiar tool. Abraham Maslow wrote in 1966, "If the only tool you have is a hammer, it is tempting to treat everything as if it were a nail."
The concept is attributed bot... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson%27s%20equation | Poisson's equation is an elliptic partial differential equation of broad utility in theoretical physics. For example, the solution to Poisson's equation is the potential field caused by a given electric charge or mass density distribution; with the potential field known, one can then calculate electrostatic or gravitat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integration%20by%20substitution | In calculus, integration by substitution, also known as u-substitution, reverse chain rule or change of variables, is a method for evaluating integrals and antiderivatives. It is the counterpart to the chain rule for differentiation, and can loosely be thought of as using the chain rule "backwards."
Substitution for a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20named%20matrices | This article lists some important classes of matrices used in mathematics, science and engineering. A matrix (plural matrices, or less commonly matrixes) is a rectangular array of numbers called entries. Matrices have a long history of both study and application, leading to diverse ways of classifying matrices. A first... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC%20646 | ISO/IEC 646 is a set of ISO/IEC standards, described as Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange and developed in cooperation with ASCII at least since 1964. Since its first edition in 1967 it has specified a 7-bit character code from which several national standards are derive... |
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