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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20system | In computer programming, a type system is a logical system comprising a set of rules that assigns a property called a type (for example, integer, floating point, string) to every term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols). Usually the terms are various language constructs of a computer program, such as variables, e... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String%20literal | A string literal or anonymous string is a literal for a string value in the source code of a computer program. Modern programming languages commonly use a quoted sequence of characters, formally "bracketed delimiters", as in x = "foo", where "foo" is a string literal with value foo. Methods such as escape sequences can... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular%20frequency | In physics, angular frequency (symbol ω), also called angular speed and angular rate, is a scalar measure of the angle rate (the angle per unit time) or the temporal rate of change of the phase argument of a sinusoidal waveform or sine function (for example, in oscillations and waves).
Angular frequency (or angular spe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating%20caps | Alternating caps, also known as studly caps or sticky caps (where "caps" is short for capital letters), is a form of text notation in which the capitalization of letters varies by some pattern, or arbitrarily (often also omitting spaces between words and occasionally some letters), such as "aLtErNaTiNg cApS", "sTuDlY c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial%20type | In mathematics, a polynomial sequence, i.e., a sequence of polynomials indexed by non-negative integers in which the index of each polynomial equals its degree, is said to be of binomial type if it satisfies the sequence of identities
Many such sequences exist. The set of all such sequences forms a Lie group under t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal%20direction | The four cardinal directions, or cardinal points, are the four main compass directions: north, south, east, and west, commonly denoted by their initials N, S, E, and W respectively. Relative to north, the directions east, south, and west are at 90 degree intervals in the clockwise direction.
The ordinal directions (a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic%20residue | In number theory, an integer q is called a quadratic residue modulo n if it is congruent to a perfect square modulo n; i.e., if there exists an integer x such that:
Otherwise, q is called a quadratic nonresidue modulo n.
Originally an abstract mathematical concept from the branch of number theory known as modular ar... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenga | Jenga is a game of physical skill created by British board game designer and author Leslie Scott and marketed by Hasbro. Players take turns removing one block at a time from a tower constructed of 54 blocks. Each block removed is then placed on top of the tower, creating a progressively more unstable structure.
Rules
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatid | A chromatid (Greek khrōmat- 'color' + -id) is one half of a duplicated chromosome. Before replication, one chromosome is composed of one DNA molecule. In replication, the DNA molecule is copied, and the two molecules are known as chromatids. During the later stages of cell division these chromatids separate longitudina... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolle%27s%20theorem | In calculus, Rolle's theorem or Rolle's lemma essentially states that any real-valued differentiable function that attains equal values at two distinct points must have at least one stationary point somewhere between them—that is, a point where the first derivative (the slope of the tangent line to the graph of the fun... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive%20relation | In mathematics, a relation on a set is transitive if, for all elements , , in , whenever relates to and to , then also relates to . Each partial order as well as each equivalence relation needs to be transitive.
Definition
A homogeneous relation on the set is a transitive relation if,
for all , if and ,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive%20aerodynamics | Automotive aerodynamics is the study of the aerodynamics of road vehicles. Its main goals are reducing drag and wind noise, minimizing noise emission, and preventing undesired lift forces and other causes of aerodynamic instability at high speeds. Air is also considered a fluid in this case. For some classes of raci... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective%20breeding | Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together. Domesticate... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web%20container | A web container (also known as a servlet container;
and compare "webcontainer") is the component of a web server that interacts with Jakarta Servlets. A web container is responsible for managing the lifecycle of servlets, mapping a URL to a particular servlet and ensuring that the URL requester has the correct access-r... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycenter%20%28astronomy%29 | In astronomy, the barycenter (or barycentre; ) is the center of mass of two or more bodies that orbit one another and is the point about which the bodies orbit. A barycenter is a dynamical point, not a physical object. It is an important concept in fields such as astronomy and astrophysics. The distance from a body's c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collision%20domain | A collision domain is a network segment connected by a shared medium or through repeaters where simultaneous data transmissions collide with one another. The collision domain applies particularly in wireless networks, but also affected early versions of Ethernet. A network collision occurs when more than one device att... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maze%20generation%20algorithm | Maze generation algorithms are automated methods for the creation of mazes.
Graph theory based methods
A maze can be generated by starting with a predetermined arrangement of cells (most commonly a rectangular grid but other arrangements are possible) with wall sites between them. This predetermined arrangement can ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AN/USQ-20 | The AN/USQ-20, or CP-642 or Naval Tactical Data System (NTDS), was designed as a more reliable replacement for the Seymour Cray-designed AN/USQ-17 with the same instruction set. The first batch of 17 computers were delivered to the Navy starting in early 1961.
A version of the AN/USQ-20 for use by the other military ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film%20memory | Thin-film memory is a high-speed alternative to magnetic-core memory developed by Sperry Rand in a government-funded research project.
Instead of threading individual ferrite cores on wires, thin-film memory consisted of 4-micrometer thick dots of permalloy, an iron–nickel alloy, deposited on small glass plates by vac... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AN/UYK-8 | The AN/UYK-8 was a UNIVAC computer.
Development
In April 1967, UNIVAC received a contract from the U.S. Navy for design, development, testing and delivery of the AN/UYK-8 microelectronics computer for use with the AN/TYA-20.
The AN/UYK-8 was built to replace the CP-808 (Marine Corps air cooled AN/USQ-20 variant) in t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous%20serial%20communication | Asynchronous serial communication is a form of serial communication in which the communicating endpoints' interfaces are not continuously synchronized by a common clock signal. Instead of a common synchronization signal, the data stream contains synchronization information in form of start and stop signals, before and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%20number | In combinatorial mathematics, the Bell numbers count the possible partitions of a set. These numbers have been studied by mathematicians since the 19th century, and their roots go back to medieval Japan. In an example of Stigler's law of eponymy, they are named after Eric Temple Bell, who wrote about them in the 1930s.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set%20%28abstract%20data%20type%29 | In computer science, a set is an abstract data type that can store unique values, without any particular order. It is a computer implementation of the mathematical concept of a finite set. Unlike most other collection types, rather than retrieving a specific element from a set, one typically tests a value for membershi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divide-and-conquer%20algorithm | In computer science, divide and conquer is an algorithm design paradigm. A divide-and-conquer algorithm recursively breaks down a problem into two or more sub-problems of the same or related type, until these become simple enough to be solved directly. The solutions to the sub-problems are then combined to give a solut... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrotropical%20realm | The Afrotropical realm is one of Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Sub-Saharan Africa, the southern Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone or Ethiopian Region.
Major ecological regions
Most of the Afrotropical... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indomalayan%20realm | The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia.
Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia to lowland southern China, and through In... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungermann-Bass | Ungermann-Bass, also known as UB and UB Networks, was a computer networking company in the 1980s to 1990s. Located in Santa Clara, California, UB was the first large networking company independent of any computer manufacturer. Along with competitors 3Com and Sytek, UB was responsible for starting the networking busines... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandem%20Computers | Tandem Computers, Inc. was the dominant manufacturer of fault-tolerant computer systems for ATM networks, banks, stock exchanges, telephone switching centers, 911 systems, and other similar commercial transaction processing applications requiring maximum uptime and zero data loss. The company was founded by Jimmy Treyb... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squaring%20the%20circle | Squaring the circle is a problem in geometry first proposed in Greek mathematics. It is the challenge of constructing a square with the area of a given circle by using only a finite number of steps with a compass and straightedge. The difficulty of the problem raised the question of whether specified axioms of Euclidea... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Osborne | Adam Osborne (March 6, 1939 – March 18, 2003) was a British American author, software publisher, and computer designer who founded several companies in the United States and elsewhere. He introduced the Osborne 1, the first commercially successful portable computer.
Early life
Osborne was born to British parents in B... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIVAC%201100/2200%20series | The UNIVAC 1100/2200 series is a series of compatible 36-bit computer systems, beginning with the UNIVAC 1107 in 1962, initially made by Sperry Rand. The series continues to be supported today by Unisys Corporation as the ClearPath Dorado Series. The solid-state 1107 model number was in the same sequence as the earlier... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechargeable%20battery | A rechargeable battery, storage battery, or secondary cell (formally a type of energy accumulator), is a type of electrical battery which can be charged, discharged into a load, and recharged many times, as opposed to a disposable or primary battery, which is supplied fully charged and discarded after use. It is compos... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient%20descent | In mathematics, gradient descent (also often called steepest descent) is a first-order iterative optimization algorithm for finding a local minimum of a differentiable function. The idea is to take repeated steps in the opposite direction of the gradient (or approximate gradient) of the function at the current point, b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xvid | Xvid (formerly "XviD") is a video codec library following the MPEG-4 video coding standard, specifically MPEG-4 Part 2 Advanced Simple Profile (ASP). It uses ASP features such as b-frames, global and quarter pixel motion compensation, lumi masking, trellis quantization, and H.263, MPEG and custom quantization matrices.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling%20%28signal%20processing%29 | In signal processing, sampling is the reduction of a continuous-time signal to a discrete-time signal. A common example is the conversion of a sound wave to a sequence of "samples".
A sample is a value of the signal at a point in time and/or space; this definition differs from the term's usage in statistics, which refe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonalization | In linear algebra, orthogonalization is the process of finding a set of orthogonal vectors that span a particular subspace. Formally, starting with a linearly independent set of vectors {v1, ... , vk} in an inner product space (most commonly the Euclidean space Rn), orthogonalization results in a set of orthogonal vec... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle%20of%20maximum%20entropy | The principle of maximum entropy states that the probability distribution which best represents the current state of knowledge about a system is the one with largest entropy, in the context of precisely stated prior data (such as a proposition that expresses testable information).
Another way of stating this: Take pr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus%20mastering | In computing, bus mastering is a feature supported by many bus architectures that enables a device connected to the bus to initiate direct memory access (DMA) transactions. It is also referred to as first-party DMA, in contrast with third-party DMA where a system DMA controller actually does the transfer.
Some types o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process%20gain | In a spread-spectrum system, the process gain (or "processing gain") is the ratio of the spread (or RF) bandwidth to the unspread (or baseband) bandwidth. It is usually expressed in decibels (dB).
For example, if a 1 kHz signal is spread to 100 kHz, the process gain expressed as a numerical ratio would be / = 100. Or ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additive%20white%20Gaussian%20noise | Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is a basic noise model used in information theory to mimic the effect of many random processes that occur in nature. The modifiers denote specific characteristics:
Additive because it is added to any noise that might be intrinsic to the information system.
White refers to the ide... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MATH-MATIC | MATH-MATIC is the marketing name for the AT-3 (Algebraic Translator 3) compiler, an early programming language for the UNIVAC I and UNIVAC II.
MATH-MATIC was written beginning around 1955 by a team led by Charles Katz under the direction of Grace Hopper. A preliminary manual was produced in 1957 and a final manual the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS%20Technology%206581 | The MOS Technology 6581/8580 SID (Sound Interface Device) is the built-in programmable sound generator chip of the Commodore CBM-II, Commodore 64, Commodore 128, and MAX Machine home computers.
Together with the VIC-II graphics chip, the SID was instrumental in making the C64 the best-selling home computer in history,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizing%20radiation | Ionizing radiation (or ionising radiation), including nuclear radiation, consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that have sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules by detaching electrons from them. Some particles can travel up to 99% of the speed of light, and the electromagnetic waves are on the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Paterson | Tim Paterson (born 1 June 1956) is an American computer programmer, best known for creating 86-DOS, an operating system for the Intel 8086. This system emulated the application programming interface (API) of CP/M, which was created by Gary Kildall. 86-DOS later formed the basis of MS-DOS, the most widely used personal ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20density | The power spectrum of a time series describes the distribution of power into frequency components composing that signal. According to Fourier analysis, any physical signal can be decomposed into a number of discrete frequencies, or a spectrum of frequencies over a continuous range. The statistical average of any so... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardized%20moment | In probability theory and statistics, a standardized moment of a probability distribution is a moment (often a higher degree central moment) that is normalized, typically by a power of the standard deviation, rendering the moment scale invariant. The shape of different probability distributions can be compared using st... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor%20contraction | In multilinear algebra, a tensor contraction is an operation on a tensor that arises from the natural pairing of a finite-dimensional vector space and its dual. In components, it is expressed as a sum of products of scalar components of the tensor(s) caused by applying the summation convention to a pair of dummy indice... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20Picture%20Exchange | Digital Picture Exchange (DPX) is a common file format for digital intermediate and visual effects work and is a SMPTE standard (ST 268-1:2014). The file format is most commonly used to represent the density of each colour channel of a scanned negative film in an uncompressed "logarithmic" image where the gamma of the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed%20tensor | In tensor analysis, a mixed tensor is a tensor which is neither strictly covariant nor strictly contravariant; at least one of the indices of a mixed tensor will be a subscript (covariant) and at least one of the indices will be a superscript (contravariant).
A mixed tensor of type or valence , also written "type (M, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjugate%20matrix | In linear algebra, the adjugate or classical adjoint of a square matrix is the transpose of its cofactor matrix and is denoted by . It is also occasionally known as adjunct matrix, or "adjoint", though the latter term today normally refers to a different concept, the adjoint operator which for a matrix is the conjugat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariance%20and%20contravariance%20of%20vectors | In physics, especially in multilinear algebra and tensor analysis, covariance and contravariance describe how the quantitative description of certain geometric or physical entities changes with a change of basis. In modern mathematical notation, the role is sometimes swapped.
A simple illustrative case is that of a ve... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographic%20projection | Orthographic projection (also orthogonal projection and analemma) is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions. Orthographic projection is a form of parallel projection in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20effect | Memory effect, also known as battery effect, lazy battery effect, or battery memory, is an effect observed in nickel-cadmium rechargeable batteries that causes them to hold less charge. It describes the situation in which nickel-cadmium batteries gradually lose their maximum energy capacity if they are repeatedly recha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20order%20structures%20in%20mathematics | In mathematics, and more specifically in order theory, several different types of ordered set have been studied.
They include:
Cyclic orders, orderings in which triples of elements are either clockwise or counterclockwise
Lattices, partial orders in which each pair of elements has a greatest lower bound and a least u... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet%20Society | The Internet Society (ISOC) is an American nonprofit advocacy organization founded in 1992 with local chapters around the world. Its mission is "to promote the open development, evolution, and use of the Internet for the benefit of all people throughout the world." It has offices in Reston, Virginia, U.S., and Geneva, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%20Brownian%20motion | A geometric Brownian motion (GBM) (also known as exponential Brownian motion) is a continuous-time stochastic process in which the logarithm of the randomly varying quantity follows a Brownian motion (also called a Wiener process) with drift. It is an important example of stochastic processes satisfying a stochastic di... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynomial%20interpolation | In numerical analysis, polynomial interpolation is the interpolation of a given bivariate data set by the polynomial of lowest possible degree that passes through the points of the dataset.
Given a set of data points , with no two the same, a polynomial function is said to interpolate the data if for each .
Ther... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%20line | In geometry, the Euler line, named after Leonhard Euler (), is a line determined from any triangle that is not equilateral. It is a central line of the triangle, and it passes through several important points determined from the triangle, including the orthocenter, the circumcenter, the centroid, the Exeter point and t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liouville%E2%80%93Neumann%20series | In mathematics, the Liouville–Neumann series is an infinite series that corresponds to the resolvent formalism technique of solving the Fredholm integral equations in Fredholm theory.
Definition
The Liouville–Neumann (iterative) series is defined as
which, provided that is small enough so that the series converges, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusher | A crusher is a machine designed to reduce large rocks into smaller rocks, gravel, sand or rock dust.
Crushers may be used to reduce the size, or change the form, of waste materials so they can be more easily disposed of or recycled, or to reduce the size of a solid mix of raw materials (as in rock ore), so that pieces... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse%20problem | An inverse problem in science is the process of calculating from a set of observations the causal factors that produced them: for example, calculating an image in X-ray computed tomography, source reconstruction in acoustics, or calculating the density of the Earth from measurements of its gravity field. It is called a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C3%B4%27s%20lemma | In mathematics, Itô's lemma or Itô's formula (also called the Itô-Doeblin formula, especially in the French literature) is an identity used in Itô calculus to find the differential of a time-dependent function of a stochastic process. It serves as the stochastic calculus counterpart of the chain rule. It can be heurist... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal%20number | In mathematics, a real number is said to be simply normal in an integer base b if its infinite sequence of digits is distributed uniformly in the sense that each of the b digit values has the same natural density 1/b. A number is said to be normal in base b if, for every positive integer n, all possible strings n digit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saliva | Saliva (commonly referred to as spit) is an extracellular fluid produced and secreted by salivary glands in the mouth. In humans, saliva is around 99% water, plus electrolytes, mucus, white blood cells, epithelial cells (from which DNA can be extracted), enzymes (such as lipase and amylase), antimicrobial agents (such ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive%20and%20extensive%20properties | Physical or chemical properties of materials and systems can often be categorized as being either intensive or extensive, according to how the property changes when the size (or extent) of the system changes.
The terms "intensive and extensive quantities" were introduced into physics by German mathematician Georg Helm ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation%20%28geometry%29 | In Euclidean geometry, a translation is a geometric transformation that moves every point of a figure, shape or space by the same distance in a given direction. A translation can also be interpreted as the addition of a constant vector to every point, or as shifting the origin of the coordinate system. In a Euclidean s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20mathematical%20probabilists | See probabilism for the followers of such a theory in theology or philosophy.
This list contains only probabilists in the sense of mathematicians specializing in probability theory.
This list is incomplete; please add to it.
David Aldous (born 1952)
Siva Athreya
Thomas Bayes (1702–1761) - British mathematician and P... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill | A drill is a tool used for making round holes or driving fasteners. It is fitted with a bit, either a drill or driver chuck. Hand-operated types are dramatically decreasing in popularity and cordless battery-powered ones proliferating due to increased efficiency and ease of use.
Drills are commonly used in woodworking... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgeusia | Dysgeusia, also known as parageusia, is a distortion of the sense of taste. Dysgeusia is also often associated with ageusia, which is the complete lack of taste, and hypogeusia, which is a decrease in taste sensitivity. An alteration in taste or smell may be a secondary process in various disease states, or it may be t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progeria | Progeria is a specific type of progeroid syndrome, also known as Hutchinson–Gilford syndrome. A single gene mutation is responsible for progeria. The gene, known as lamin A (LMNA), makes a protein necessary for holding the nucleus of the cell together. When this gene gets mutated, an abnormal form of lamin A protein c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20classification | Binary classification is the task of classifying the elements of a set into two groups (each called class) on the basis of a classification rule. Typical binary classification problems include:
Medical testing to determine if a patient has certain disease or not;
Quality control in industry, deciding whether a specif... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split%20horizon%20route%20advertisement | In computer networking, split-horizon route advertisement is a method of preventing routing loops in distance-vector routing protocols by prohibiting a router from advertising a route back onto the interface from which it was learned.
The concept was suggested in 1974 by Torsten Cegrell, and originally implemented in ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20microbiome | The human microbiome is the aggregate of all microbiota that reside on or within human tissues and biofluids along with the corresponding anatomical sites in which they reside, including the skin, mammary glands, seminal fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung, saliva, oral mucosa, conjunctiva, biliary tract, and gastro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Peacock | George Peacock FRS (9 April 1791 – 8 November 1858) was an English mathematician and Anglican cleric. He founded what has been called the British algebra of logic.
Early life
Peacock was born on 9 April 1791 at Thornton Hall, Denton, near Darlington, County Durham. His father, Thomas Peacock, was a priest of the Churc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug%20resistance | Drug resistance is the reduction in effectiveness of a medication such as an antimicrobial or an antineoplastic in treating a disease or condition. The term is used in the context of resistance that pathogens or cancers have "acquired", that is, resistance has evolved. Antimicrobial resistance and antineoplastic resist... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac%20OS%209 | Mac OS 9 is the ninth and final major release of Apple's classic Mac OS operating system which was succeeded by Mac OS X (renamed to OS X in 2011 and macOS in 2016) in 2001. Introduced on October 23, 1999, it was promoted by Apple as "The Best Internet Operating System Ever", highlighting Sherlock 2's Internet search c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional%20dependency | In relational database theory, a functional dependency is a constraint between two sets of attributes in a relation from a database. In other words, a functional dependency is a constraint between two attributes in a relation.
Given a relation R and sets of attributes , X is said to functionally determine Y (written X ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Kent | The University of Kent (formerly the University of Kent at Canterbury, abbreviated as UKC) is a semi-collegiate public research university based in Kent, United Kingdom. The university was granted its royal charter on 4 January 1965 and the following year Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent, was formally installed as the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emitter-coupled%20logic | In electronics, emitter-coupled logic (ECL) is a high-speed integrated circuit bipolar transistor logic family. ECL uses an overdriven bipolar junction transistor (BJT) differential amplifier with single-ended input and limited emitter current to avoid the saturated (fully on) region of operation and its slow turn-off ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaxxon | is an isometric shooter arcade video game, developed and released by Sega in 1982. The player pilots a ship through heavily defended space fortresses. Japanese electronics company Ikegami Tsushinki also developed the game.
Zaxxon was the first game to employ axonometric projection, which lent its name to the game (AXX... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete%20Hartley%20transform | A discrete Hartley transform (DHT) is a Fourier-related transform of discrete, periodic data similar to the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), with analogous applications in signal processing and related fields. Its main distinction from the DFT is that it transforms real inputs to real outputs, with no intrinsic involv... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1 | SMART-1 was a Swedish-designed European Space Agency satellite that orbited the Moon. It was launched on 27 September 2003 at 23:14 UTC from the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou, French Guiana. "SMART-1" stands for Small Missions for Advanced Research in Technology-1. On 3 September 2006 (05:42 UTC), SMART-1 was deliberat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biocoenosis | A biocenosis (UK English, biocoenosis, also biocenose, biocoenose, biotic community, biological community, ecological community, life assemblage), coined by Karl Möbius in 1877, describes the interacting organisms living together in a habitat (biotope). The use of this term has declined in the 21st сentury.
In the pal... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecoregion%20conservation%20status | Conservation status is a measure used in conservation biology to assess an ecoregion's degree of habitat alteration and habitat conservation. It is used to set priorities for conservation.
Conservation status and biological distinctiveness were the two measures used by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) to develop the Glob... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagocytosis | Phagocytosis () is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome. It is one type of endocytosis. A cell that performs phagocytosis is called a phagocyte.
In a multicellular organism's immune system, phagocytosis... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIVAC%201105 | The UNIVAC 1105 was a follow-on computer to the UNIVAC 1103A introduced by Sperry Rand in September 1958. The UNIVAC 1105 used 21 types of vacuum tubes, 11 types of diodes, 10 types of transistors, and three core types.
The UNIVAC 1105 had either 8,192 or 12,288 words of 36-bit magnetic core memory, in two or three b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIVAC%201103 | The UNIVAC 1103 or ERA 1103, a successor to the UNIVAC 1101, was a computer system designed by Engineering Research Associates and built by the Remington Rand corporation in October 1953. It was the first computer for which Seymour Cray was credited with design work.
History
Even before the completion of the Atlas (UN... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapdoor%20function | In theoretical computer science and cryptography, a trapdoor function is a function that is easy to compute in one direction, yet difficult to compute in the opposite direction (finding its inverse) without special information, called the "trapdoor". Trapdoor functions are a special case of one-way functions and are wi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20709 | The IBM 709 was a computer system, initially announced by IBM in January 1957 and first installed during August 1958. The 709 was an improved version of its predecessor, the IBM 704, and was the third of the IBM 700/7000 series of scientific computers. The improvements included overlapped input/output, indirect addres... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating%20environment | In computer software, an operating environment or integrated applications environment is the environment in which users run application software. The environment consists of a user interface provided by an applications manager and usually an application programming interface (API) to the applications manager.
An opera... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program%20evaluation%20and%20review%20technique | The program evaluation and review technique (PERT) is a statistical tool used in project management, which was designed to analyze and represent the tasks involved in completing a given project.
First developed by the United States Navy in 1958, it is commonly used in conjunction with the critical path method (CPM) t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta%20distribution | In probability theory and statistics, the beta distribution is a family of continuous probability distributions defined on the interval [0, 1] or (0, 1) in terms of two positive parameters, denoted by alpha (α) and beta (β), that appear as exponents of the variable and its complement to 1, respectively, and control the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma%20distribution | In probability theory and statistics, the gamma distribution is a two-parameter family of continuous probability distributions. The exponential distribution, Erlang distribution, and chi-squared distribution are special cases of the gamma distribution. There are two equivalent parameterizations in common use:
With a ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation | In trigonometry and geometry, triangulation is the process of determining the location of a point by forming triangles to the point from known points.
Applications
In surveying
Specifically in surveying, triangulation involves only angle measurements at known points, rather than measuring distances to the point dire... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combinatorial%20search | In computer science and artificial intelligence, combinatorial search studies search algorithms for solving instances of problems that are believed to be hard in general, by efficiently exploring the usually large solution space of these instances. Combinatorial search algorithms achieve this efficiency by reducing the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moritz%20Schlick | Friedrich Albert Moritz Schlick (; ; 14 April 1882 – 22 June 1936) was a German philosopher, physicist, and the founding father of logical positivism and the Vienna Circle.
Early life and works
Schlick was born in Berlin to a wealthy Prussian family with deep nationalist and conservative traditions. His father was Ern... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Put%E2%80%93call%20parity | In financial mathematics, the put–call parity defines a relationship between the price of a European call option and European put option, both with the identical strike price and expiry, namely that a portfolio of a long call option and a short put option is equivalent to (and hence has the same value as) a single forw... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium%20access%20control | In IEEE 802 LAN/MAN standards, the medium access control (MAC), also called media access control, is the layer that controls the hardware responsible for interaction with the wired (electrical or optical) or wireless transmission medium. The MAC sublayer and the logical link control (LLC) sublayer together make up the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor%20power%20dissipation | Processor power dissipation or processing unit power dissipation is the process in which computer processors consume electrical energy, and dissipate this energy in the form of heat due to the resistance in the electronic circuits.
Power management
Designing CPUs that perform tasks efficiently without overheating is... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIA%20Technologies | VIA Technologies Inc. (), is a Taiwanese manufacturer of integrated circuits, mainly motherboard chipsets, CPUs, and memory. It was the world's largest independent manufacturer of motherboard chipsets. As a fabless semiconductor company, VIA conducts research and development of its chipsets in-house, then subcontracts ... |
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