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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-scale%20calculus
In mathematics, time-scale calculus is a unification of the theory of difference equations with that of differential equations, unifying integral and differential calculus with the calculus of finite differences, offering a formalism for studying hybrid systems. It has applications in any field that requires simultane...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skywave
In radio communication, skywave or skip refers to the propagation of radio waves reflected or refracted back toward Earth from the ionosphere, an electrically charged layer of the upper atmosphere. Since it is not limited by the curvature of the Earth, skywave propagation can be used to communicate beyond the horizon...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%20air%20turbine
A ram air turbine (RAT) is a small wind turbine that is connected to a hydraulic pump, or electrical generator, installed in an aircraft and used as a power source. The RAT generates power from the airstream by ram pressure due to the speed of the aircraft. It may be called an air driven generator (ADG) on some aircra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module%20%28mathematics%29
In mathematics, a module is a generalization of the notion of vector space in which the field of scalars is replaced by a ring. The concept of module generalizes also the notion of abelian group, since the abelian groups are exactly the modules over the ring of integers. Like a vector space, a module is an additive ab...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP
SAP SE (; ) is a German multinational software company based in Walldorf, Baden-Württemberg. It develops enterprise software to manage business operations and customer relations. The company is the world's leading enterprise resource planning (ERP) software vendor. SAP is the largest non-American software company by re...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20audio%20program
Second audio program (SAP), also known as secondary audio programming, is an auxiliary audio channel for analog television that can be broadcast or transmitted both over-the-air and by cable television. Used mostly for audio description or other languages, SAP is part of the multichannel television sound (MTS) standard...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windward%20and%20leeward
In geography and seamanship, windward () and leeward () are directions relative to the wind. Windward is upwind from the point of reference, i.e., towards the direction from which the wind is coming; leeward is downwind from the point of reference, i.e., along the direction towards which the wind is going. The side of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme%20value%20theorem
In calculus, the extreme value theorem states that if a real-valued function is continuous on the closed interval , then must attain a maximum and a minimum, each at least once. That is, there exist numbers and in such that: The extreme value theorem is more specific than the related boundedness theorem, which s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniqueness%20quantification
In mathematics and logic, the term "uniqueness" refers to the property of being the one and only object satisfying a certain condition. This sort of quantification is known as uniqueness quantification or unique existential quantification, and is often denoted with the symbols "∃!" or "∃=1". For example, the formal sta...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division%20sign
The division sign () is a symbol consisting of a short horizontal line with a dot above and another dot below, used in Anglophone countries to indicate mathematical division. This usage, though widespread in some countries, is not universal and the symbol has a different meaning in other countries. Its use to denote ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio%20transmitter%20link
A studio transmitter link (or STL) sends a radio station's or television station's audio and video from the broadcast studio or origination facility to a radio transmitter, television transmitter or uplink facility in another location. This is accomplished through the use of terrestrial microwave links or by using fibe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multichannel%20Television%20Sound
Multichannel Television Sound, better known as MTS, is the method of encoding three additional audio channels into analog 4.5 MHz audio carriers on System M and System N. It was developed by the Broadcast Television Systems Committee, an industry group, and sometimes known as BTSC as a result. MTS worked by adding add...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combat%20engineer
A combat engineer (also called pioneer or sapper) is a type of soldier who performs military engineering tasks in support of land forces combat operations. Combat engineers perform a variety of military engineering, tunnel and mine warfare tasks, as well as construction and demolition duties in and out of combat zones....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superrationality
In economics and game theory, a participant is considered to have superrationality (or renormalized rationality) if they have perfect rationality (and thus maximize their utility) but assume that all other players are superrational too and that a superrational individual will always come up with the same strategy as an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20notation
Mathematical notation consists of using symbols for representing operations, unspecified numbers, relations, and any other mathematical objects and assembling them into expressions and formulas. Mathematical notation is widely used in mathematics, science, and engineering for representing complex concepts and propertie...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-body%20problem
In classical mechanics, the two-body problem is to predict the motion of two massive objects which are abstractly viewed as point particles. The problem assumes that the two objects interact only with one another; the only force affecting each object arises from the other one, and all other objects are ignored. The mo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strength%20of%20materials
The field of strength of materials (also called mechanics of materials) typically refers to various methods of calculating the stresses and strains in structural members, such as beams, columns, and shafts. The methods employed to predict the response of a structure under loading and its susceptibility to various failu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%20diffraction
Electron diffraction is a general term for phenomena associated with changes in the direction of electron beams due to elastic interactions with atoms. Close to the atoms the changes are described as Fresnel diffraction; far away they are called Fraunhofer diffraction. The resulting map of the directions of the electro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trace%20metal
Trace metals are the metals subset of trace elements; that is, metals normally present in small but measurable amounts in animal and plant cells and tissues and that are a necessary part of nutrition and physiology. Some biometals are trace metals. Ingestion of, or exposure to, excessive quantities can be toxic. Howeve...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarantism
Tarantism is a form of hysteric behaviour originating in Southern Italy, popularly believed to result from the bite of the wolf spider Lycosa tarantula (distinct from the broad class of spiders also called tarantulas). A better candidate cause is Latrodectus tredecimguttatus, commonly known as the Mediterranean black w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline%20of%20neuroscience
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to neuroscience: Neuroscience is the scientific study of the structure and function of the nervous system. It encompasses the branch of biology that deals with the anatomy, biochemistry, molecular biology, and physiology of neurons and neural circui...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula%20SAE
Formula SAE is a student design competition organized by SAE International (previously known as the Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE). The competition was started in 1980 by the SAE student branch at the University of Texas at Austin after a prior asphalt racing competition proved to be unsustainable. Concept The...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment%20%28physics%29
In physics, a moment is a mathematical expression involving the product of a distance and physical quantity. Moments are usually defined with respect to a fixed reference point and refer to physical quantities located some distance from the reference point. In this way, the moment accounts for the quantity's location o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics%20and%20architecture
Mathematics and architecture are related, since, as with other arts, architects use mathematics for several reasons. Apart from the mathematics needed when engineering buildings, architects use geometry: to define the spatial form of a building; from the Pythagoreans of the sixth century BC onwards, to create forms con...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uptime
Uptime is a measure of system reliability, expressed as the percentage of time a machine, typically a computer, has been working and available. Uptime is the opposite of downtime. It is often used as a measure of computer operating system reliability or stability, in that this time represents the time a computer can b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crash%20%28computing%29
In computing, a crash, or system crash, occurs when a computer program such as a software application or an operating system stops functioning properly and exits. On some operating systems or individual applications, a crash reporting service will report the crash and any details relating to it (or give the user the op...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus%20error
In computing, a bus error is a fault raised by hardware, notifying an operating system (OS) that a process is trying to access memory that the CPU cannot physically address: an invalid address for the address bus, hence the name. In modern use on most architectures these are much rarer than segmentation faults, which o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20Protection%20Directive
The Data Protection Directive, officially Directive 95/46/EC, enacted in October 1995, was a European Union directive which regulated the processing of personal data within the European Union (EU) and the free movement of such data. The Data Protection Directive was an important component of EU privacy and human rights...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truncated%20tetrahedron
In geometry, the truncated tetrahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 4 regular hexagonal faces, 4 equilateral triangle faces, 12 vertices and 18 edges (of two types). It can be constructed by truncating all 4 vertices of a regular tetrahedron at one third of the original edge length. A deeper truncation, removing a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truncated%20octahedron
In geometry, the truncated octahedron is the Archimedean solid that arises from a regular octahedron by removing six pyramids, one at each of the octahedron's vertices. The truncated octahedron has 14 faces (8 regular hexagons and 6 squares), 36 edges, and 24 vertices. Since each of its faces has point symmetry the tru...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20inference
Type inference refers to the automatic detection of the type of an expression in a formal language. These include programming languages and mathematical type systems, but also natural languages in some branches of computer science and linguistics. Nontechnical explanation Types in a most general view can be associate...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20signature
In computer science, a type signature or type annotation defines the inputs and outputs for a function, subroutine or method. A type signature includes the number, types, and order of the arguments contained by a function. A type signature is typically used during overload resolution for choosing the correct definition...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20variable
In type theory and programming languages, a type variable is a mathematical variable ranging over types. Even in programming languages that allow mutable variables, a type variable remains an abstraction, in the sense that it does not correspond to some memory locations. Programming languages that support parametric p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cokernel
The cokernel of a linear mapping of vector spaces is the quotient space of the codomain of by the image of . The dimension of the cokernel is called the corank of . Cokernels are dual to the kernels of category theory, hence the name: the kernel is a subobject of the domain (it maps to the domain), while the cokern...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truncated%20cube
In geometry, the truncated cube, or truncated hexahedron, is an Archimedean solid. It has 14 regular faces (6 octagonal and 8 triangular), 36 edges, and 24 vertices. If the truncated cube has unit edge length, its dual triakis octahedron has edges of lengths 2 and 2 + . Area and volume The area A and the volume V of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical%20digit
A numerical digit (often shortened to just digit) is a single symbol used alone (such as "1") or in combinations (such as "15"), to represent numbers in a positional numeral system. The name "digit" comes from the fact that the ten digits (Latin digiti meaning fingers) of the hands correspond to the ten symbols of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygrometer
A hygrometer is an instrument which measures the humidity of air or some other gas: that is, how much water vapor it contains. Humidity measurement instruments usually rely on measurements of some other quantities such as temperature, pressure, mass and mechanical or electrical changes in a substance as moisture is ab...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20spectrometry
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that is used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. The results are presented as a mass spectrum, a plot of intensity as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. Mass spectrometry is used in many different fields and is applied to pure samples as well as complex m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20data%20type
In computer programming, especially functional programming and type theory, an algebraic data type (ADT) is a kind of composite type, i.e., a type formed by combining other types. Two common classes of algebraic types are product types (i.e., tuples and records) and sum types (i.e., tagged or disjoint unions, coproduc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CfV
A CfV (Call for Votes) is part of the Usenet decision making process. Usenet users are called upon to vote on a topical administrative issue, such as whether to create a particular newsgroup. See also Big-8 Management Board Big 8 (Usenet) Call for papers Usenet cabal References Usenet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Think%20aloud%20protocol
A think-aloud (or thinking aloud) protocol is a method used to gather data in usability testing in product design and development, in psychology and a range of social sciences (e.g., reading, writing, translation research, decision making, and process tracing). Description Think-aloud protocols involve participants t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper%20prototyping
In human–computer interaction, paper prototyping is a widely used method in the user-centered design process, a process that helps developers to create software that meets the user's expectations and needs – in this case, especially for designing and testing user interfaces. It is throwaway prototyping and involves cre...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-copy-update
In computer science, read-copy-update (RCU) is a synchronization mechanism that avoids the use of lock primitives while multiple threads concurrently read and update elements that are linked through pointers and that belong to shared data structures (e.g., linked lists, trees, hash tables). Whenever a thread is insert...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitboard
A bitboard is a specialized bit array data structure commonly used in computer systems that play board games, where each bit corresponds to a game board space or piece. This allows parallel bitwise operations to set or query the game state, or determine moves or plays in the game. Bits in the same bitboard relate to e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20PCjr
The IBM PCjr (pronounced "PC junior") was a home computer produced and marketed by IBM from March 1984 to May 1985, intended as a lower-cost variant of the IBM PC with hardware capabilities better suited for video games, in order to compete more directly with other home computers such as the Apple II and Commodore 64. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF%20probe
An RF probe is a device which allows electronic test equipment to measure radio frequency (RF) signal in an electronic circuit. History In 1980 Reed Gleason and Eric Strid invented the first high frequency wafer probe while working at Tektronix. They later went on to found Cascade Microtech in 1983. RF energy may be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TI-99/4A
The TI-99/4 and TI-99/4A are home computers released by Texas Instruments in 1979 and 1981, respectively. The TI-99 series competed against major home computers such as the Apple II, TRS-80, and the later Atari 400/800 series and VIC-20. Based on the Texas Instruments TMS9900 microprocessor originally used in minicomp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSIRAC
CSIRAC (; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Automatic Computer), originally known as CSIR Mk 1, was Australia's first digital computer, and the fifth stored program computer in the world. It is the oldest surviving first-generation electronic computer (the Zuse Z4 at the Deutsches Museum is older, but was...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIC16x84
The PIC16C84, PIC16F84 and PIC16F84A are 8-bit microcontrollers of which the PIC16C84 was the first introduced in 1993 and hailed as the first PIC microcontroller to feature a serial programming algorithm and EEPROM memory. It is a member of the PIC family of controllers, produced by Microchip Technology. The memory...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio/modem%20riser
The audio/modem riser (AMR) is a riser expansion slot found on the motherboards of some Pentium III, Pentium 4, Duron, and Athlon personal computers. It was designed by Intel to interface with chipsets and provide analog functionality, such as sound cards and modems, on an expansion card. Technology Physically, it has...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%20of%20Control
The Line of Control (LoC) is a military control line between the Indian and Pakistanicontrolled parts of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir—a line which does not constitute a legally recognized international boundary, but serves as the de facto border. It was established as part of the Simla Agreement at th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cray%20X-MP
The Cray X-MP was a supercomputer designed, built and sold by Cray Research. It was announced in 1982 as the "cleaned up" successor to the 1975 Cray-1, and was the world's fastest computer from 1983 to 1985 with a quad-processor system performance of 800 MFLOPS. The principal designer was Steve Chen. Description The X...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dining%20philosophers%20problem
In computer science, the dining philosophers problem is an example problem often used in concurrent algorithm design to illustrate synchronization issues and techniques for resolving them. It was originally formulated in 1965 by Edsger Dijkstra as a student exam exercise, presented in terms of computers competing for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-noise%20amplifier
A low-noise amplifier (LNA) is an electronic component that amplifies a very low-power signal without significantly degrading its signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Any electronic amplifier will increase the power of both the signal and the noise present at its input, but the amplifier will also introduce some additional noi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker%E2%80%93Campbell%E2%80%93Hausdorff%20formula
In mathematics, the Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff formula is the solution for to the equation for possibly noncommutative and in the Lie algebra of a Lie group. There are various ways of writing the formula, but all ultimately yield an expression for in Lie algebraic terms, that is, as a formal series (not necessarily ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VCard
vCard, also known as VCF (Virtual Contact File), is a file format standard for electronic business cards. vCards can be attached to e-mail messages, sent via Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), on the World Wide Web, instant messaging, NFC or through QR code. They can contain name and address information, phone numbers...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State%20%28computer%20science%29
In information technology and computer science, a system is described as stateful if it is designed to remember preceding events or user interactions; the remembered information is called the state of the system. The set of states a system can occupy is known as its state space. In a discrete system, the state space i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last%20mile%20%28telecommunications%29
The last mile or last kilometer is a phrase widely used in the telecommunications, cable television and internet industries to refer to the final leg of the telecommunications networks that deliver telecommunication services to retail end-users (customers). More specifically, the last mile describes the portion of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit%20of%20a%20function
Although the function is not defined at zero, as becomes closer and closer to zero, becomes arbitrarily close to 1. In other words, the limit of as approaches zero, equals 1. In mathematics, the limit of a function is a fundamental concept in calculus and analysis concerning the behavior of that function near a p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit%20of%20a%20sequence
As the positive integer becomes larger and larger, the value becomes arbitrarily close to . We say that "the limit of the sequence equals ." In mathematics, the limit of a sequence is the value that the terms of a sequence "tend to", and is often denoted using the symbol (e.g., ). If such a limit exists, the seque...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truncated%20cuboctahedron
In geometry, the truncated cuboctahedron or great rhombicuboctahedron is an Archimedean solid, named by Kepler as a truncation of a cuboctahedron. It has 12 square faces, 8 regular hexagonal faces, 6 regular octagonal faces, 48 vertices, and 72 edges. Since each of its faces has point symmetry (equivalently, 180° rotat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractal%20dimension
In mathematics, a fractal dimension is a term invoked in the science of geometry to provide a rational statistical index of complexity detail in a pattern. A fractal pattern changes with the scale at which it is measured. It is also a measure of the space-filling capacity of a pattern, and it tells how a fractal scale...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email%20art
Email art refers to artwork created for the medium of email. It includes computer graphics, animations, screensavers, digital scans of artwork in other media, and even ASCII art. When exhibited, Email art can be either displayed on a computer screen or similar type of display device, or the work can be printed out and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicellular%20organism
A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of a single cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of multiple cells. Organisms fall into two general categories: prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms. Most prokaryotes are unicellular and are classified...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular%20form
In mathematics, a modular form is a (complex) analytic function on the upper half-plane, , that satisfies: a kind of functional equation with respect to the group action of the modular group, and a growth condition. The theory of modular forms therefore belongs to complex analysis. The main importance of the theor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional%20Internet%20registry
A regional Internet registry (RIR) is an organization that manages the allocation and registration of Internet number resources within a region of the world. Internet number resources include IP addresses and autonomous system (AS) numbers. The regional Internet registry system evolved, eventually dividing the respon...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption%20law
In algebra, the absorption law or absorption identity is an identity linking a pair of binary operations. Two binary operations, ¤ and ⁂, are said to be connected by the absorption law if: a ¤ (a ⁂ b) = a ⁂ (a ¤ b) = a. A set equipped with two commutative and associative binary operations ("join") and ("meet") tha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torticollis
Torticollis, also known as wry neck, is an extremely painful, dystonic condition defined by an abnormal, asymmetrical head or neck position, which may be due to a variety of causes. The term torticollis is derived from the Latin words tortus, meaning "twisted", and collum, meaning "neck". The most common case has no o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/255%20%28number%29
255 (two hundred [and] fifty-five) is the natural number following 254 and preceding 256. In mathematics Its factorization makes it a sphenic number. Since 255 = 28 – 1, it is a Mersenne number (though not a pernicious one), and the fourth such number not to be a prime number. It is a perfect totient number, the small...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad%20Battery
The Baghdad Battery is the name given to a set of three artifacts which were found together: a ceramic pot, a tube of copper, and a rod of iron. It was discovered in present-day Khujut Rabu, Iraq in 1936, close to the metropolis of Ctesiphon, the capital of the Parthian (150 BC – 223 AD) and Sasanian (224–650 AD) empir...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truncated%20icosidodecahedron
In geometry, a truncated icosidodecahedron, rhombitruncated icosidodecahedron, great rhombicosidodecahedron, omnitruncated dodecahedron or omnitruncated icosahedron is an Archimedean solid, one of thirteen convex, isogonal, non-prismatic solids constructed by two or more types of regular polygon faces. It has 62 faces...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety-critical%20system
A safety-critical system or life-critical system is a system whose failure or malfunction may result in one (or more) of the following outcomes: death or serious injury to people loss or severe damage to equipment/property environmental harm A safety-related system (or sometimes safety-involved system) comprises e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elite%20%28video%20game%29
Elite is a space trading video game. It was written and developed by David Braben and Ian Bell and originally published by Acornsoft for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron computers in September 1984. Elites open-ended game model, and revolutionary 3D graphics led to it being ported to virtually every contemporary home c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-organization
Self-organization, also called spontaneous order in the social sciences, is a process where some form of overall order arises from local interactions between parts of an initially disordered system. The process can be spontaneous when sufficient energy is available, not needing control by any external agent. It is ofte...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaizen
is a concept referring to business activities that continuously improve all functions and involve all employees from the CEO to the assembly line workers. Kaizen also applies to processes, such as purchasing and logistics, that cross organizational boundaries into the supply chain. It has been applied in healthcare, ps...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snub%20dodecahedron
In geometry, the snub dodecahedron, or snub icosidodecahedron, is an Archimedean solid, one of thirteen convex isogonal nonprismatic solids constructed by two or more types of regular polygon faces. The snub dodecahedron has 92 faces (the most of the 13 Archimedean solids): 12 are pentagons and the other 80 are equila...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number%20line
In elementary mathematics, a number line is a picture of a graduated straight line that serves as visual representation of the real numbers. Every point of a number line is assumed to correspond to a real number, and every real number to a point. The integers are often shown as specially-marked points evenly spaced on...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse%20function%20theorem
In mathematics, specifically differential calculus, the inverse function theorem gives a sufficient condition for a function to be invertible in a neighborhood of a point in its domain: namely, that its derivative is continuous and non-zero at the point. The theorem also gives a formula for the derivative of the invers...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis (also known as Besnier–Boeck–Schaumann disease) is a disease involving abnormal collections of inflammatory cells that form lumps known as granulomata. The disease usually begins in the lungs, skin, or lymph nodes. Less commonly affected are the eyes, liver, heart, and brain, though any organ can be affecte...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental%20extension
In mathematics, a transcendental extension is a field extension such that there exists an element in the field that is transcendental over the field ; that is, an element that is not a root of any univariate polynomial with coefficients in . In other words, a transcendental extension is a field extension that is not ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot%20swapping
Hot swapping is the replacement or addition of components to a computer system without stopping, shutting down, or rebooting the system; hot plugging describes the addition of components only. Components which have such functionality are said to be hot-swappable or hot-pluggable; likewise, components which do not are c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minitel
The Minitel was a videotex online service accessible through telephone lines, and was the world's most successful online service prior to the World Wide Web. It was invented in Cesson-Sévigné, near Rennes, Brittany, France. The service was rolled out experimentally on 15 July 1980 in Saint-Malo, France, and from autum...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20independence
In abstract algebra, a subset of a field is algebraically independent over a subfield if the elements of do not satisfy any non-trivial polynomial equation with coefficients in . In particular, a one element set is algebraically independent over if and only if is transcendental over . In general, all the elemen...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper%20half-plane
In mathematics, the upper half-plane, , is the set of points in the Cartesian plane with . The lower half-plane is defined similarly, by requiring that be negative instead. Each is an example of two-dimensional half-space. Affine geometry The affine transformations of the upper half-plane include shifts , , and d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-mode
NTT DoCoMo's i-mode is a mobile internet (distinct from wireless internet) service popular in Japan. Unlike Wireless Application Protocols, i-mode encompasses a wider variety of internet standards, including web access, e-mail, and the packet-switched network that delivers the data. i-mode users also have access to oth...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rog-O-Matic
Rog-O-Matic is a bot developed in 1981 to play and win the video game Rogue, by four graduate students in the Computer Science Department at Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh: Andrew Appel, Leonard Hamey, Guy Jacobson and Michael Loren Mauldin. Described as a "belligerent expert system", Rog-O-Matic performs w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeypot%20%28computing%29
In computer terminology, a honeypot is a computer security mechanism set to detect, deflect, or, in some manner, counteract attempts at unauthorized use of information systems. Generally, a honeypot consists of data (for example, in a network site) that appears to be a legitimate part of the site which contains informa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbs%20paradox
In statistical mechanics, a semi-classical derivation of entropy that does not take into account the indistinguishability of particles yields an expression for entropy which is not extensive (is not proportional to the amount of substance in question). This leads to a paradox known as the Gibbs paradox, after Josiah W...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20forms%20of%20alternative%20medicine
This is a list of articles covering alternative medicine topics. A Activated charcoal cleanse Acupressure Acupuncture Affirmative prayer Alexander technique Alternative cancer treatments Animal-assisted therapy Anthroposophical medicine Apitherapy Applied kinesiology Aquatherapy Aromatherapy Art therapy ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component%20video
Component video is an analog video signal that has been split into two or more component channels. In popular use, it refers to a type of component analog video (CAV) information that is transmitted or stored as three separate signals. Component video can be contrasted with composite video in which all the video inform...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbard%E2%80%93Satterthwaite%20theorem
In social choice theory, the Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem is a result published independently by philosopher Allan Gibbard in 1973 and economist Mark Satterthwaite in 1975. It deals with deterministic ordinal electoral systems that choose a single winner. It states that for every voting rule, one of the following thre...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller
Model–view–controller (MVC) is a software design pattern commonly used for developing user interfaces that divides the related program logic into three interconnected elements. These elements are the internal representations of information (the Model), the interface (the View) that presents information to and accepts i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodipodi
Sodipodi was an open-source vector graphics editor, discontinued in 2004. It is the predecessor to Inkscape. Development Sodipodi started as a fork of Gill, a vector-graphics program written by Raph Levien. The main author was Lauris Kaplinski, and several other people contributed to the project. The project is no lon...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniformization%20theorem
In mathematics, the uniformization theorem says that every simply connected Riemann surface is conformally equivalent to one of three Riemann surfaces: the open unit disk, the complex plane, or the Riemann sphere. The theorem is a generalization of the Riemann mapping theorem from simply connected open subsets of the p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usability
Usability can be described as the capacity of a system to provide a condition for its users to perform the tasks safely, effectively, and efficiently while enjoying the experience. In software engineering, usability is the degree to which a software can be used by specified consumers to achieve quantified objectives wi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replica%20plating
Replica plating is a microbiological technique in which one or more secondary Petri plates containing different solid (agar-based) selective growth media (lacking nutrients or containing chemical growth inhibitors such as antibiotics) are inoculated with the same colonies of microorganisms from a primary plate (or mast...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web%20application
A web application (or web app) is application software that is accessed using a web browser. Web applications are delivered on the World Wide Web to users with an active network connection. History In earlier computing models like client-server, the processing load for the application was shared between code on the se...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firebird%20%28database%20server%29
Firebird is an open-source SQL relational database management system that supports Linux, Microsoft Windows, macOS and other Unix platforms. The database forked from Borland's open source edition of InterBase in 2000 but the code has been largely rewritten since Firebird 1.5. History Within a week of the InterBase 6.0...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webby%20Awards
The Webby Awards (colloquially referred to as the Webbys) are awards for excellence on the Internet presented annually by the International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences, a judging body composed of over three thousand industry experts and technology innovators. Categories include websites, advertising and media,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gum%20arabic
Gum arabic (gum acacia, gum sudani, Senegal gum and by other names) is a natural gum originally consisting of the hardened sap of two species of the Acacia tree, Senegalia senegal and Vachellia seyal. However, the term "gum arabic" does not actually indicate a particular botanical source. The gum is harvested commercia...