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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagate%20Technology | Seagate Technology Holdings plc is an American data storage company. It was incorporated in 1978 as Shugart Technology and commenced business in 1979. Since 2010, the company has been incorporated in Dublin, Ireland, with operational headquarters in Fremont, California, United States.
Seagate developed the first 5.25-... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pick%27s%20theorem | In geometry, Pick's theorem provides a formula for the area of a simple polygon with integer vertex coordinates, in terms of the number of integer points within it and on its boundary. The result was first described by Georg Alexander Pick in 1899. It was popularized in English by Hugo Steinhaus in the 1950 edition of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palynology | Palynology is the study of microorganisms and microscopic fragments of mega-organisms that are composed of acid-resistant organic material and occur in sediments, sedimentary rocks, and even some metasedimentary rocks. Palynomorphs are the microscopic, acid-resistant organic remains and debris produced by a wide variet... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastomosis | An anastomosis (, : anastomoses) is a connection or opening between two things (especially cavities or passages) that are normally diverging or branching, such as between blood vessels, leaf veins, or streams. Such a connection may be normal (such as the foramen ovale in a fetus' heart) or abnormal (such as the patent ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilator%20%28ring%20theory%29 | In mathematics, the annihilator of a subset of a module over a ring is the ideal formed by the elements of the ring that give always zero when multiplied by each element of .
Over an integral domain, a module that has a nonzero annihilator is a torsion module, and a finitely generated torsion module has a nonzero an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra%20%28computer%20simulation%29 | Tierra is a computer simulation developed by ecologist Thomas S. Ray in the early 1990s in which computer programs compete for time (central processing unit (CPU) time) and space (access to main memory). In this context, the computer programs in Tierra are considered to be evolvable and can mutate, self-replicate and r... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emblem | An emblem is an abstract or representational pictorial image that represents a concept, like a moral truth, or an allegory, or a person, like a monarch or saint.
Emblems vs. symbols
Although the words emblem and symbol are often used interchangeably, an emblem is a pattern that is used to represent an idea or an indi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20scientist | A computer scientist is a scholar who specializes in the academic study of computer science.
Computer scientists typically work on the theoretical side of computation. Although computer scientists can also focus their work and research on specific areas (such as algorithm and data structure development and design, so... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCM/70 | The MCM/70 was a pioneering microcomputer first built in 1973 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and released the next year. This makes it one of the first microcomputers in the world, the second to be shipped in completed form, and the first portable computer. The MCM/70 was the product of Micro Computer Machines, one of th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny%20Hillis | William Daniel Hillis (born September 25, 1956) is an American inventor, entrepreneur, and computer scientist, who pioneered parallel computers and their use in artificial intelligence. He founded Thinking Machines Corporation, a parallel supercomputer manufacturer, and subsequently was Vice President of Research and D... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge%20connector | An edge connector is the portion of a printed circuit board (PCB) consisting of traces leading to the edge of the board that are intended to plug into a matching socket. The edge connector is a money-saving device because it only requires a single discrete female connector (the male connector is formed out of the edge ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret%20decoder%20ring | A secret decoder ring (or secret decoder) is a device that allows one to decode a simple substitution cipher—or to encrypt a message by working in the opposite direction.
As inexpensive toys, secret decoders have often been used as promotional items by retailers, as well as radio and television programs, from the 1930... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid%20of%20revolution | In geometry, a solid of revolution is a solid figure obtained by rotating a plane figure around some straight line (the axis of revolution), which may not intersect the generatrix (except at its boundary). The surface created by this revolution and which bounds the solid is the surface of revolution.
Assuming that the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk%20%28mathematics%29 | In geometry, a disk (also spelled disc) is the region in a plane bounded by a circle. A disk is said to be closed if it contains the circle that constitutes its boundary, and open if it does not.
For a radius, , an open disk is usually denoted as and a closed disk is . However in the field of topology the closed disk... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20of%20revolution | A surface of revolution is a surface in Euclidean space created by rotating a curve (the generatrix) one full revolution around an axis of rotation (normally not intersecting the generatrix, except at its endpoints).
The volume bounded by the surface created by this revolution is the solid of revolution.
Examples of s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical%20blanking%20interval | In a raster scan display, the vertical blanking interval (VBI), also known as the vertical interval or VBLANK, is the time between the end of the final visible line of a frame or field and the beginning of the first visible line of the next frame or field. It is present in analog television, VGA, DVI and other signals.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taijitu | In Chinese philosophy, a taijitu () is a symbol or diagram () representing Taiji () in both its monist (wuji) and its dualist (yin and yang) in application as a deductive and inductive theoretical model. Such a diagram was first introduced by Neo-Confucian philosopher Zhou Dunyi (; 1017–1073) of the Song Dynasty in hi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationary%20process | In mathematics and statistics, a stationary process (or a strict/strictly stationary process or strong/strongly stationary process) is a stochastic process whose unconditional joint probability distribution does not change when shifted in time. Consequently, parameters such as mean and variance also do not change over ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenarian | A supercentenarian (sometimes hyphenated as super-centenarian) is a person who has reached the age of 110 years. This age is achieved by about one in 1,000 centenarians. Supercentenarians typically live a life free of major age-related diseases until shortly before the maximum human lifespan is reached.
Etymology
The ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discretization | In applied mathematics, discretization is the process of transferring continuous functions, models, variables, and equations into discrete counterparts. This process is usually carried out as a first step toward making them suitable for numerical evaluation and implementation on digital computers. Dichotomization is t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toom%E2%80%93Cook%20multiplication | Toom–Cook, sometimes known as Toom-3, named after Andrei Toom, who introduced the new algorithm with its low complexity, and Stephen Cook, who cleaned the description of it, is a multiplication algorithm for large integers.
Given two large integers, a and b, Toom–Cook splits up a and b into k smaller parts each of len... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel%20%28set%20theory%29 | In set theory, the kernel of a function (or equivalence kernel) may be taken to be either
the equivalence relation on the function's domain that roughly expresses the idea of "equivalent as far as the function can tell", or
the corresponding partition of the domain.
An unrelated notion is that of the kernel of a ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiable%20function | In mathematics, a differentiable function of one real variable is a function whose derivative exists at each point in its domain. In other words, the graph of a differentiable function has a non-vertical tangent line at each interior point in its domain. A differentiable function is smooth (the function is locally well... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygoma | The term zygoma generally refers to the zygomatic bone, a bone of the human skull commonly referred to as the cheekbone or malar bone, but it may also refer to:
The zygomatic arch, a structure in the human skull formed primarily by parts of the zygomatic bone and the temporal bone
The zygomatic process, a bony protr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank%E2%80%93nullity%20theorem | The rank–nullity theorem is a theorem in linear algebra, which asserts:
the number of columns of a matrix is the sum of the rank of and the nullity of ; and
the dimension of the domain of a linear transformation is the sum of the rank of (the dimension of the image of ) and the nullity of (the dimension of the k... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential%20decay | A quantity is subject to exponential decay if it decreases at a rate proportional to its current value. Symbolically, this process can be expressed by the following differential equation, where is the quantity and (lambda) is a positive rate called the exponential decay constant, disintegration constant, rate consta... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc%20integration | Disc integration, also known in integral calculus as the disc method, is a method for calculating the volume of a solid of revolution of a solid-state material when integrating along an axis "parallel" to the axis of revolution. This method models the resulting three-dimensional shape as a stack of an infinite number o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell%20integration | Shell integration (the shell method in integral calculus) is a method for calculating the volume of a solid of revolution, when integrating along an axis perpendicular to the axis of revolution. This is in contrast to disc integration which integrates along the axis parallel to the axis of revolution.
Definition
The ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropometry | Anthropometry () refers to the measurement of the human individual. An early tool of physical anthropology, it has been used for identification, for the purposes of understanding human physical variation, in paleoanthropology and in various attempts to correlate physical with racial and psychological traits. Anthropome... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIN%20connector | The DIN connector is an electrical connector that was standardized by the (DIN), the German Institute for Standards, in the mid 1950's, initial with 3 pins for mono, but when stereo connections and gear appeared in late 1950's ( 1959 or so), versions with 5 pins or more were launched. The male DIN connectors (plugs) f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squeeze%20theorem | In calculus, the squeeze theorem (also known as the sandwich theorem, among other names) is a theorem regarding the limit of a function that is trapped between two other functions.
The squeeze theorem is used in calculus and mathematical analysis, typically to confirm the limit of a function via comparison with two ot... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matryoshka%20doll | Matryoshka dolls ( ; ), also known as stacking dolls, nesting dolls, Russian tea dolls, or Russian dolls, are a set of wooden dolls of decreasing size placed one inside another. The name matryoshka, mainly known as "little matron", is a diminutive form of Matryosha (), in turn a diminutive of the Russian female first n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contig | A contig (from contiguous) is a set of overlapping DNA segments that together represent a consensus region of DNA.
In bottom-up sequencing projects, a contig refers to overlapping sequence data (reads); in top-down sequencing projects, contig refers to the overlapping clones that form a physical map of the genome that ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live%20CD | A live CD (also live DVD, live disc, or live operating system) is a complete bootable computer installation including operating system which runs directly from a CD-ROM or similar storage device into a computer's memory, rather than loading from a hard disk drive. A live CD allows users to run an operating system for a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color%20depth | Color depth or colour depth (see spelling differences), also known as bit depth, is either the number of bits used to indicate the color of a single pixel, or the number of bits used for each color component of a single pixel. When referring to a pixel, the concept can be defined as bits per pixel (bpp). When referring... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mealy%20machine | In the theory of computation, a Mealy machine is a finite-state machine whose output values are determined both by its current state and the current inputs. This is in contrast to a Moore machine, whose output values are determined solely by its current state. A Mealy machine is a deterministic finite-state transducer:... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic%20acid%20sequence | A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of bases within the nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule. This succession is denoted by a series of a set of five different letters that indicate the order of the nucleotides. By convention, sequences are usually presented from the 5' end t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20microfluidics | Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a platform for lab-on-a-chip systems that is based upon the manipulation of microdroplets. Droplets are dispensed, moved, stored, mixed, reacted, or analyzed on a platform with a set of insulated electrodes. Digital microfluidics can be used together with analytical analysis procedures su... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuratowski%20closure%20axioms | In topology and related branches of mathematics, the Kuratowski closure axioms are a set of axioms that can be used to define a topological structure on a set. They are equivalent to the more commonly used open set definition. They were first formalized by Kazimierz Kuratowski, and the idea was further studied by mathe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge%20detection | Edge detection includes a variety of mathematical methods that aim at identifying edges, defined as curves in a digital image at which the image brightness changes sharply or, more formally, has discontinuities. The same problem of finding discontinuities in one-dimensional signals is known as step detection and the pr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional%20fossil | A transitional fossil is any fossilized remains of a life form that exhibits traits common to both an ancestral group and its derived descendant group. This is especially important where the descendant group is sharply differentiated by gross anatomy and mode of living from the ancestral group. These fossils serve as a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20name | In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism, which is often based in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard%20buffer | A keyboard buffer is a section of computer memory used to hold keystrokes before they are processed.
Keyboard buffers have long been used in command-line processing. As a user enters a command, they see it echoed on their terminal and can edit it before it is processed by the computer.
In time-sharing systems, the lo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computably%20enumerable%20set | In computability theory, a set S of natural numbers is called computably enumerable (c.e.), recursively enumerable (r.e.), semidecidable, partially decidable, listable, provable or Turing-recognizable if:
There is an algorithm such that the set of input numbers for which the algorithm halts is exactly S.
Or, equival... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Stewart%20%28mathematician%29 | Ian Nicholas Stewart (born 24 September 1945) is a British mathematician and a popular-science and science-fiction writer. He is Emeritus Professor of Mathematics at the University of Warwick, England.
Education and early life
Stewart was born in 1945 in Folkestone, England. While in the sixth form at Harvey Gramma... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantom%20power | Phantom power, in the context of professional audio equipment, is DC electric power equally applied to both signal wires in balanced microphone cables, forming a phantom circuit, to operate microphones that contain active electronic circuitry.
It is best known as a convenient power source for condenser microphones, tho... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hushmail | Hushmail is an encrypted proprietary web-based email service offering PGP-encrypted e-mail and vanity domain service. Hushmail uses OpenPGP standards. If public encryption keys are available to both recipient and sender (either both are Hushmail users or have uploaded PGP keys to the Hush keyserver), Hushmail can conve... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary%20trap | A canary trap is a method for exposing an information leak by giving different versions of a sensitive document to each of several suspects and seeing which version gets leaked. It could be one false statement, to see whether sensitive information gets out to other people as well. Special attention is paid to the quali... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additive%20group | An additive group is a group of which the group operation is to be thought of as addition in some sense. It is usually abelian, and typically written using the symbol + for its binary operation.
This terminology is widely used with structures equipped with several operations for specifying the structure obtained by f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel%27s%20horn | A Gabriel's horn (also called Torricelli's trumpet) is a type of geometric figure that has infinite surface area but finite volume. The name refers to the Christian tradition where the archangel Gabriel blows the horn to announce Judgment Day. The properties of this figure were first studied by Italian physicist and ma... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computable%20set | In computability theory, a set of natural numbers is called computable, recursive, or decidable if there is an algorithm which takes a number as input, terminates after a finite amount of time (possibly depending on the given number) and correctly decides whether the number belongs to the set or not.
A set which is no... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociable%20number | In mathematics, sociable numbers are numbers whose aliquot sums form a periodic sequence. They are generalizations of the concepts of perfect numbers and amicable numbers. The first two sociable sequences, or sociable chains, were discovered and named by the Belgian mathematician Paul Poulet in 1918. In a sociable sequ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial%20data%20processing | Industrial data processing is a branch of applied computer science that covers the area of design and programming of computerized systems which are not computers as such — often referred to as embedded systems (PLCs, automated systems, intelligent instruments, etc.). The products concerned contain at least one micropr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, a rate is the quotient of two quantities in different units of measurement, often represented as a fraction. If the divisor (or fraction denominator) in the rate is equal to one expressed as a single unit, and if it is assumed that this quantity can be changed systematically (i.e., is an independent var... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preamplifier | A preamplifier, also known as a preamp, is an electronic amplifier that converts a weak electrical signal into an output signal strong enough to be noise-tolerant and strong enough for further processing, or for sending to a power amplifier and a loudspeaker. Without this, the final signal would be noisy or distorted.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Space | Crystal Space is an unmaintained framework for developing 3D applications written in C++ by Jorrit Tyberghein and others. The first public release was on August 26, 1997. It is typically used as a game engine but the framework is more general and can be used for any kind of 3D visualization. It is very portable and r... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditarily%20finite%20set | In mathematics and set theory, hereditarily finite sets are defined as finite sets whose elements are all hereditarily finite sets. In other words, the set itself is finite, and all of its elements are finite sets, recursively all the way down to the empty set.
Formal definition
A recursive definition of well-founded ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient | In arithmetic, a quotient (from 'how many times', pronounced ) is a quantity produced by the division of two numbers. The quotient has widespread use throughout mathematics. It has two definitions: either the integer part of a division (in the case of Euclidean division), or as a fraction or a ratio (in the case of a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%C3%A7ade | A façade or facade (; ) is generally the front part or exterior of a building. It is a loanword from the French (), which means "frontage" or "face".
In architecture, the façade of a building is often the most important aspect from a design standpoint, as it sets the tone for the rest of the building. From the engine... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burroughs%20Large%20Systems | The Burroughs Large Systems Group produced a family of large 48-bit mainframes using stack machine instruction sets with dense syllables. The first machine in the family was the B5000 in 1961, which was optimized for compiling ALGOL 60 programs extremely well, using single-pass compilers. The B5000 evolved into the B55... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20writing%20systems | This is a list of writing systems (or scripts), classified according to some common distinguishing features.
The usual name of the script is given first; the name of the language(s) in which the script is written follows (in brackets), particularly in the case where the language name differs from the script name. Othe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetative%20reproduction | Vegetative reproduction (also known as vegetative propagation, vegetative multiplication or cloning) is any form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment or cutting of the parent plant or specialized reproductive structures, which are sometimes called vegetative propagules... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluctuation%20theorem | The fluctuation theorem (FT), which originated from statistical mechanics, deals with the relative probability that the entropy of a system which is currently away from thermodynamic equilibrium (i.e., maximum entropy) will increase or decrease over a given amount of time. While the second law of thermodynamics predict... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosumi | Sosumi is an alert sound introduced by Jim Reekes in Apple Inc.'s Macintosh System 7 operating system in 1991. The name is derived from the phrase "so, sue me!" because of a long running court battle with Apple Corps, the similarly named music company, regarding the use of music in Apple Inc.'s computer products.
Hist... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal%20logic | Modal logic is a kind of logic used to represent statements about necessity and possibility. It plays a major role in philosophy and related fields as a tool for understanding concepts such as knowledge, obligation, and causation. For instance, in epistemic modal logic, the formula can be used to represent the stateme... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20content%20management%20systems | Content management systems (CMS) are used to organize and facilitate collaborative content creation. Many of them are built on top of separate content management frameworks. The list is limited to notable services.
Open source software
This section lists free and open-source software that can be installed and manag... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowhere%20continuous%20function | In mathematics, a nowhere continuous function, also called an everywhere discontinuous function, is a function that is not continuous at any point of its domain. If is a function from real numbers to real numbers, then is nowhere continuous if for each point there is some such that for every we can find a point s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation%20protection | Radiation protection, also known as radiological protection, is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as "The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and the means for achieving this". Exposure can be from a source of radiation external to the human body or due to... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn%20clause | In mathematical logic and logic programming, a Horn clause is a logical formula of a particular rule-like form that gives it useful properties for use in logic programming, formal specification, universal algebra and model theory. Horn clauses are named for the logician Alfred Horn, who first pointed out their signific... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20object | In mathematics, the idea of a free object is one of the basic concepts of abstract algebra. Informally, a free object over a set A can be thought of as being a "generic" algebraic structure over A: the only equations that hold between elements of the free object are those that follow from the defining axioms of the alg... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleomorph | Nucleomorphs are small, vestigial eukaryotic nuclei found between the inner and outer pairs of membranes in certain plastids. They are thought to be vestiges of primitive red and green algal nuclei that were engulfed by a larger eukaryote. Because the nucleomorph lies between two sets of membranes, nucleomorphs support... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrametric%20space | In mathematics, an ultrametric space is a metric space in which the triangle inequality is strengthened to . Sometimes the associated metric is also called a non-Archimedean metric or super-metric.
Formal definition
An ultrametric on a set is a real-valued function
(where denote the real numbers), such that for a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule%20of%2072 | In finance, the rule of 72, the rule of 70 and the rule of 69.3 are methods for estimating an investment's doubling time. The rule number (e.g., 72) is divided by the interest percentage per period (usually years) to obtain the approximate number of periods required for doubling. Although scientific calculators and sp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return-to-zero | Return-to-zero (RZ or RTZ) describes a line code used in telecommunications signals in which the signal drops (returns) to zero between each pulse. This takes place even if a number of consecutive 0s or 1s occur in the signal. The signal is self-clocking. This means that a separate clock does not need to be sent alon... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AX.25 | AX.25 (Amateur X.25) is a data link layer protocol originally derived from layer 2 of the X.25 protocol suite and designed for use by amateur radio operators. It is used extensively on amateur packet radio networks.
AX.25 v2.0 and later occupies the data link layer, the second layer of the OSI model. It is responsible... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory%20service | In computing, a directory service or name service maps the names of network resources to their respective network addresses. It is a shared information infrastructure for locating, managing, administering and organizing everyday items and network resources, which can include volumes, folders, files, printers, users, gr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIX%20%28website%29 | CIX (originally Compulink Information eXchange) is an online based conferencing discussion system and was one of the earliest British Internet service providers. Founded in 1983 by Frank and Sylvia Thornley, it began as a FidoNet bulletin board system, but in 1987 was relaunched commercially as CIX. At the core of the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allopatric%20speciation | Allopatric speciation () – also referred to as geographic speciation, vicariant speciation, or its earlier name the dumbbell model – is a mode of speciation that occurs when biological populations become geographically isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with gene flow.
Various geographic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressive%20strength | In mechanics, compressive strength (or compression strength) is the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to reduce size (as opposed to tensile strength which withstands loads tending to elongate). In other words, compressive strength resists compression (being pushed together), whereas tensile... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source-code%20compatibility | Source-code compatibility (source-compatible) means that a program can run on computers (or operating systems), independently of binary-code compatibility and that the source code is needed for portability.
The source code must be compiled before running, unless the computer used has an interpreter for the language at... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-422 | RS-422, also known as TIA/EIA-422, is a technical standard originated by the Electronic Industries Alliance, first issued in 1975, that specifies electrical characteristics of a digital signaling circuit. It was meant to be the foundation of a suite of standards that would replace the older RS-232C standard with standa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wait%20state | A wait state is a delay experienced by a computer processor when accessing external memory or another device that is slow to respond.
Computer microprocessors generally run much faster than the computer's other subsystems, which hold the data the CPU reads and writes. Even memory, the fastest of these, cannot supply ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive%20Communication%20Environment | The Adaptive Communication Environment (ACE) is an open source software framework used for network programming. It provides a set of object-oriented C++ classes designed to help address the inherent complexities and challenges in network programming by preventing common errors.
History
ACE was initially developed by D... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics%20and%20God | Connections between mathematics and God include the use of mathematics in arguments about the existence of God and about whether belief in God is beneficial.
Mathematical arguments for God's existence
In the 1070s, Anselm of Canterbury, an Italian medieval philosopher and theologian, created an ontological argument wh... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand%20von%20Lindemann | Carl Louis Ferdinand von Lindemann (12 April 1852 – 6 March 1939) was a German mathematician, noted for his proof, published in 1882, that (pi) is a transcendental number, meaning it is not a root of any polynomial with rational coefficients.
Life and education
Lindemann was born in Hanover, the capital of the Kingd... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20bloat | Software bloat is a process whereby successive versions of a computer program become perceptibly slower, use more memory, disk space or processing power, or have higher hardware requirements than the previous version, while making only dubious user-perceptible improvements or suffering from feature creep. The term is n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction%20modification%20system | The restriction modification system (RM system) is found in bacteria and other prokaryotic organisms, and provides a defense against foreign DNA, such as that borne by bacteriophages.
Bacteria have restriction enzymes, also called restriction endonucleases, which cleave double stranded DNA at specific points into frag... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DCF77 | DCF77 is a German longwave time signal and standard-frequency radio station. It started service as a standard-frequency station on 1 January 1959. In June 1973 date and time information was added. Its primary and backup transmitter are located at in Mainflingen, about 25 km south-east of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximation | An approximation is anything that is intentionally similar but not exactly equal to something else.
Etymology and usage
The word approximation is derived from Latin approximatus, from proximus meaning very near and the prefix ad- (ad- before p becomes ap- by assimilation) meaning to. Words like approximate, approximat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian%20fraction | An Egyptian fraction is a finite sum of distinct unit fractions, such as
That is, each fraction in the expression has a numerator equal to 1 and a denominator that is a positive integer, and all the denominators differ from each other. The value of an expression of this type is a positive rational number ; for instanc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jughead%20%28search%20engine%29 | Jughead is a search engine system for the Gopher protocol. It is distinct from Veronica in that it searches a single server at a time.
Jughead was developed by Rhett Jones in 1993 at the University of Utah.
The name "Jughead" was originally chosen to match the Archie search engine, as Jughead Jones is Archie's friend... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical%20orthogonal%20polynomials | In mathematics, the classical orthogonal polynomials are the most widely used orthogonal polynomials: the Hermite polynomials, Laguerre polynomials, Jacobi polynomials (including as a special case the Gegenbauer polynomials, Chebyshev polynomials, and Legendre polynomials).
They have many important applications in suc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20conjectures%20by%20Paul%20Erd%C5%91s | The prolific mathematician Paul Erdős and his various collaborators made many famous mathematical conjectures, over a wide field of subjects, and in many cases Erdős offered monetary rewards for solving them.
Unsolved
The Erdős–Gyárfás conjecture on cycles with lengths equal to a power of two in graphs with minimum d... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girsanov%20theorem | In probability theory, the Girsanov theorem tells how stochastic processes change under changes in measure. The theorem is especially important in the theory of financial mathematics as it tells how to convert from the physical measure, which describes the probability that an underlying instrument (such as a share pric... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidate%20key | A candidate key, or simply a key, of a relational database is a minimal superkey. In other words, it is any set of columns that have a unique combination of values in each row (which makes it a superkey), with the additional constraint that removing any column could produce duplicate combinations of values (which makes... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armstrong%20Flight%20Research%20Center | The NASA Neil A. Armstrong Flight Research Center (AFRC) is an aeronautical research center operated by NASA. Its primary campus is located inside Edwards Air Force Base in California and is considered NASA's premier site for aeronautical research. AFRC operates some of the most advanced aircraft in the world and is kn... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed.net | Distributed.net is a volunteer computing effort that is attempting to solve large scale problems using otherwise idle CPU or GPU time. It is governed by Distributed Computing Technologies, Incorporated (DCTI), a non-profit organization under U.S. tax code 501(c)(3).
Distributed.net is working on RC5-72 (breaking RC5 ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle%20swarm%20optimization | In computational science, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a computational method that optimizes a problem by iteratively trying to improve a candidate solution with regard to a given measure of quality. It solves a problem by having a population of candidate solutions, here dubbed particles, and moving these parti... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal%20identification%20number | A personal identification number (PIN), or sometimes redundantly a PIN number or PIN code, is a numeric (sometimes alpha-numeric) passcode used in the process of authenticating a user accessing a system.
The PIN has been the key to facilitating the private data exchange between different data-processing centers in com... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Ignition%20Facility | The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a laser-based inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research device, located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California, United States. NIF's mission is to achieve fusion ignition with high energy gain. It achieved the first instance of scientific breakeven co... |
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