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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/113%20%28number%29
113 (one hundred [and] thirteen) is the natural number following 112 and preceding 114. Mathematics 113 is the 30th prime number (following 109 and preceding 127), so it can only be divided by one and itself. 113 is a Sophie Germain prime, an emirp, an isolated prime, a Chen prime and a Proth prime as it is a prime n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/114%20%28number%29
114 (one hundred [and] fourteen) is the natural number following 113 and preceding 115. In mathematics 114 is an abundant number, a sphenic number and a Harshad number. It is the sum of the first four hyperfactorials, including H(0). At 114, the Mertens function sets a new low of -6, a record that stands until 197. 11...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100
100 or one hundred (Roman numeral: C) is the natural number following 99 and preceding 101. In mathematics 100 is the square of 10 (in scientific notation it is written as 102). The standard SI prefix for a hundred is "hecto-". 100 is the basis of percentages (per cent meaning "per hundred" in Latin), with 100% bein...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1001%20%28number%29
1001 is the natural number following 1000 and followed by 1002. In mathematics One thousand and one is a sphenic number, a pentagonal number, a pentatope number and the first four-digit palindromic number. Scheherazade numbers always have 1001 as a factor. Divisibility by 7, 11 and 13 Two properties of 1001 are the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy-on-write
Copy-on-write (COW), sometimes referred to as implicit sharing or shadowing, is a resource-management technique used in computer programming to efficiently implement a "duplicate" or "copy" operation on modifiable resources. If a resource is duplicated but not modified, it is not necessary to create a new resource; the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium%20nitrite
Sodium nitrite is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaNO2. It is a white to slightly yellowish crystalline powder that is very soluble in water and is hygroscopic. From an industrial perspective, it is the most important nitrite salt. It is a precursor to a variety of organic compounds, such as pharmaceut...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20hosting
Virtual hosting is a method for hosting multiple domain names (with separate handling of each name) on a single server (or pool of servers). This allows one server to share its resources, such as memory and processor cycles, without requiring all services provided to use the same host name. The term virtual hosting is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene%20hypothesis
In medicine, the hygiene hypothesis states that early childhood exposure to particular microorganisms (such as the gut flora and helminth parasites) protects against allergies by strengthening the immune system. In particular, a lack of such exposure is thought to lead to poor immune tolerance. The time period for expo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20probability%20topics
This is a list of probability topics. It overlaps with the (alphabetical) list of statistical topics. There are also the outline of probability and catalog of articles in probability theory. For distributions, see List of probability distributions. For journals, see list of probability journals. For contributors to the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahler%27s%20theorem
In mathematics, Mahler's theorem, introduced by , expresses any continuous p-adic function as an infinite series of certain special polynomials. It is the p-adic counterpart to the Stone-Weierstrass theorem for continuous real-valued functions on a closed interval. Statement Let be the forward difference operator. T...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Association%20of%20State%20Highway%20and%20Transportation%20Officials
The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) is a standards setting body which publishes specifications, test protocols, and guidelines that are used in highway design and construction throughout the United States. Despite its name, the association represents not only highways but air...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy%20principal%20value
In mathematics, the Cauchy principal value, named after Augustin Louis Cauchy, is a method for assigning values to certain improper integrals which would otherwise be undefined. In this method, a singularity on an integral interval is avoided by limiting the integral interval to the singularity (so the singularity is n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxicab%20geometry
A taxicab geometry or a Manhattan geometry is a geometry whose usual distance function or metric of Euclidean geometry is replaced by a new metric in which the distance between two points is the sum of the absolute differences of their Cartesian coordinates. The taxicab metric is also known as rectilinear distance, L1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien%20Breed%20%28video%20game%29
Alien Breed is a top down run and gun video game released in 1991 by Team17 for the Amiga and later in 1993 by MicroLeague for MS-DOS. The game is the first in the Alien Breed series.Alien Breed is based on the Alien films, specifically Aliens, and also on the 8-bit-era games Laser Squad and Paradroid as well as the Ga...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE%20802.20
IEEE 802.20 or Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) was a specification by the standard association of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for mobile broadband networks. The main standard was published in 2008. MBWA is no longer being actively developed. This wireless broadband technology i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kissing%20number
In geometry, the kissing number of a mathematical space is defined as the greatest number of non-overlapping unit spheres that can be arranged in that space such that they each touch a common unit sphere. For a given sphere packing (arrangement of spheres) in a given space, a kissing number can also be defined for eac...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long%20Duration%20Exposure%20Facility
NASA's Long Duration Exposure Facility, or LDEF (pronounced "eldef"), was a cylindrical facility designed to provide long-term experimental data on the outer space environment and its effects on space systems, materials, operations and selected spores' survival. It was placed in low Earth orbit by in April 1984. The o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega%20constant
The omega constant is a mathematical constant defined as the unique real number that satisfies the equation It is the value of , where is Lambert's function. The name is derived from the alternate name for Lambert's function, the omega function. The numerical value of is given by . . Properties Fixed point r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object%20Constraint%20Language
The Object Constraint Language (OCL) is a declarative language describing rules applying to Unified Modeling Language (UML) models developed at IBM and is now part of the UML standard. Initially, OCL was merely a formal specification language extension for UML. OCL may now be used with any Meta-Object Facility (MOF) Ob...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20manure
In agriculture, a green manure is a crop specifically cultivated to be incorporated into the soil while still green. Typically, the green manure's biomass is incorporated with a plow or disk, as is often done with (brown) manure. The primary goal is to add organic matter to the soil for its benefits. Green manuring is...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorial%20prime
A factorial prime is a prime number that is one less or one more than a factorial (all factorials greater than 1 are even). The first 10 factorial primes (for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 12, 14) are : 2 (0! + 1 or 1! + 1), 3 (2! + 1), 5 (3! − 1), 7 (3! + 1), 23 (4! − 1), 719 (6! − 1), 5039 (7! − 1), 39916801 (11! + 1), ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primorial%20prime
In mathematics, a primorial prime is a prime number of the form pn# ± 1, where pn# is the primorial of pn (i.e. the product of the first n primes). Primality tests show that pn# − 1 is prime for n = 2, 3, 5, 6, 13, 24, ... pn# + 1 is prime for n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, ... The first term of the second sequence i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipper%20chip
The Clipper chip was a chipset that was developed and promoted by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) as an encryption device that secured "voice and data messages" with a built-in backdoor that was intended to "allow Federal, State, and local law enforcement officials the ability to decode intercepted voi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctometatarsal
An arctometatarsalian organism is one in which the proximal part of the middle metatarsal is pinched between the surrounding metatarsals. The trait appears to be highly homoplastic, common in certain sorts of dinosaurs accustomed to running (among them the tyrannosauroids, ornithomimosaurs, and troodontids), to evenly ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac%20OS%20X%20Jaguar
Mac OS X Jaguar (version 10.2) is the third major release of macOS, Apple's desktop and server operating system. It superseded Mac OS X 10.1 and preceded Mac OS X Panther. The operating system was released on August 23, 2002 either for single-computer installations, and in a "family pack", which allowed five installati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSEL
ANSEL, the American National Standard for Extended Latin Alphabet Coded Character Set for Bibliographic Use, was a character set used in text encoding. It provided a table of coded values for the representation of characters of the extended Latin alphabet in machine-readable form for thirty-five languages written in th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitary%20sewer
A sanitary sewer is an underground pipe or tunnel system for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings (but not stormwater) to a sewage treatment plant or disposal. Sanitary sewers are a type of gravity sewer and are part of an overall system called a "sewage system" or sewerage. Sanitary sewers serving ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/120%20%28number%29
120 (one hundred [and] twenty) is the natural number following 119 and preceding 121. In the Germanic languages, the number 120 was also formerly known as "one hundred". This "hundred" of six score is now obsolete, but is described as the long hundred or great hundred in historical contexts. In mathematics 120 is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/119%20%28number%29
119 (one hundred [and] nineteen) is the natural number following 118 and preceding 120. Mathematics 119 is a Perrin number, preceded in the sequence by 51, 68, 90 (it is the sum of the first two mentioned). 119 is the sum of five consecutive primes (17 + 19 + 23 + 29 + 31). 119 is the sum of seven consecutive prim...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mackie%201604-VLZ%20Pro
The 1604-VLZ Pro is a compact analog mixer manufactured by professional audio equipment brand Mackie. It features sixteen input channels, four output sub-groups, and a user-replaceable fuse. Each of the input channels features a high-quality microphone preamplifier. VLZ stands for Very Low Impedance. References LOU...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz%27s%20notation
In calculus, Leibniz's notation, named in honor of the 17th-century German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, uses the symbols and to represent infinitely small (or infinitesimal) increments of and , respectively, just as and represent finite increments of and , respectively. Consider as a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20fire-retardant%20materials
Fire-retardant materials are designed to burn slowly. Fire-retardant materials should not be confused with fire-resistant materials. A fire resistant material is one which is designed to resist burning and withstand heat. An example of a fire-resistant material is one which is used in bunker gear worn by firefighters ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%20standard%20deviation
In probability theory and statistics, the geometric standard deviation (GSD) describes how spread out are a set of numbers whose preferred average is the geometric mean. For such data, it may be preferred to the more usual standard deviation. Note that unlike the usual arithmetic standard deviation, the geometric stan...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winny
Winny (also known as WinNY) is a Japanese peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing program developed by Isamu Kaneko, a research assistant at the University of Tokyo in 2002. Like Freenet, a user must add an encrypted node list in order to connect to other nodes on the network. Users choose three cluster words which symbolize...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine%20shrimp
Artemia is a genus of aquatic crustaceans also known as brine shrimp. It is the only genus in the family Artemiidae. The first historical record of the existence of Artemia dates back to the first half of the 10th century AD from Lake Urmia, Iran, with an example called by an Iranian geographer an "aquatic dog", althou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebasing
In computing, rebasing is the process of modifying data based on one reference to another. It can be one of the following: Shared libraries Rebasing is the process of creating a shared library image in such a way that it is guaranteed to use virtual memory without conflicting with any other shared libraries loadable i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymatics
Cymatics (from ) is a subset of modal vibrational phenomena. The term was coined by Swiss physician Hans Jenny (1904–1972). Typically the surface of a plate, diaphragm, or membrane is vibrated, and regions of maximum and minimum displacement are made visible in a thin coating of particles, paste, or liquid. Different p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staining
Staining is a technique used to enhance contrast in samples, generally at the microscopic level. Stains and dyes are frequently used in histology (microscopic study of biological tissues), in cytology (microscopic study of cells), and in the medical fields of histopathology, hematology, and cytopathology that focus on ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution%20frame
In telecommunications, a distribution frame is a passive device which terminates cables, allowing arbitrary interconnections to be made. For example, the Main Distribution Frame (MDF) located at a telephone central office terminates the cables leading to subscribers on the one hand, and cables leading to active equipm...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20biology
Human biology is an interdisciplinary area of academic study that examines humans through the influences and interplay of many diverse fields such as genetics, evolution, physiology, anatomy, epidemiology, anthropology, ecology, nutrition, population genetics, and sociocultural influences. It is closely related to the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20Fibonacci%20sequence
In mathematics, the random Fibonacci sequence is a stochastic analogue of the Fibonacci sequence defined by the recurrence relation , where the signs + or − are chosen at random with equal probability , independently for different . By a theorem of Harry Kesten and Hillel Furstenberg, random recurrent sequences of this...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelian%20and%20Tauberian%20theorems
In mathematics, Abelian and Tauberian theorems are theorems giving conditions for two methods of summing divergent series to give the same result, named after Niels Henrik Abel and Alfred Tauber. The original examples are Abel's theorem showing that if a series converges to some limit then its Abel sum is the same limi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry%20of%20second%20derivatives
In mathematics, the symmetry of second derivatives (also called the equality of mixed partials) refers to the possibility of interchanging the order of taking partial derivatives of a function of variables without changing the result under certain conditions (see below). The symmetry is the assertion that the second-...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessian%20matrix
In mathematics, the Hessian matrix, Hessian or (less commonly) Hesse matrix is a square matrix of second-order partial derivatives of a scalar-valued function, or scalar field. It describes the local curvature of a function of many variables. The Hessian matrix was developed in the 19th century by the German mathematic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsk%20family%20of%20computers
Minsk family of mainframe computers was developed and produced in the Byelorussian SSR from 1959 to 1975. Models The MINSK-1 was a vacuum-tube digital computer that went into production in 1960. The MINSK-2 was a solid-state digital computer that went into production in 1962. The MINSK-22 was a modified version of M...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20and%20Content%20Exchange
Information and Content Exchange (ICE) is an XML-based protocol used for content syndication via the Internet. By using XML both sender and receiver have an agreed-upon language in which to communicate. Using a client–server architecture, ICE defines a syndicate/subscribe model that is comparable to the binary publish...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenge%E2%80%93response%20authentication
In computer security, challenge–response authentication is a family of protocols in which one party presents a question ("challenge") and another party must provide a valid answer ("response") to be authenticated. The simplest example of a challenge–response protocol is password authentication, where the challenge is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotypic%20taxon
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkscape
Inkscape is a free and open-source vector graphics editor for GNU/Linux, Windows and macOS. It offers a rich set of features and is widely used for both artistic and technical illustrations such as cartoons, clip art, logos, typography, diagramming and flowcharting. It uses vector graphics to allow for sharp printouts ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teichoic%20acid
Teichoic acids (cf. Greek τεῖχος, teīkhos, "wall", to be specific a fortification wall, as opposed to τοῖχος, toīkhos, a regular wall) are bacterial copolymers of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate and carbohydrates linked via phosphodiester bonds. Teichoic acids are found within the cell wall of most Gram-posit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glide%20reflection
In 2-dimensional geometry, a glide reflection (or transflection) is a symmetry operation that consists of a reflection over a line and then translation along that line, combined into a single operation. The intermediate step between reflection and translation can look different from the starting configuration, so objec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folding%40home
Folding@home (FAH or F@h) is a distributed computing project aimed to help scientists develop new therapeutics for a variety of diseases by the means of simulating protein dynamics. This includes the process of protein folding and the movements of proteins, and is reliant on simulations run on volunteers' personal comp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QRIO
QRIO ("Quest for cuRIOsity", originally named Sony Dream Robot or SDR) was a bipedal humanoid entertainment robot developed and marketed (but never sold) by Sony to follow up on the success of its AIBO entertainment robot. QRIO stood approximately 0.6 m (2 feet) tall and weighed 7.3 kg (16 pounds). QRIO's slogan was "M...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pincherle%20derivative
In mathematics, the Pincherle derivative of a linear operator on the vector space of polynomials in the variable x over a field is the commutator of with the multiplication by x in the algebra of endomorphisms . That is, is another linear operator (for the origin of the notation, see the article on the adjoint ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm%20drain
A storm drain, storm sewer (United Kingdom, U.S. and Canada), surface water drain/sewer (United Kingdom), or stormwater drain (Australia and New Zealand) is infrastructure designed to drain excess rain and ground water from impervious surfaces such as paved streets, car parks, parking lots, footpaths, sidewalks, and ro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taximeter
A taximeter or fare meter is a mechanical or electronic device installed in taxicabs and auto rickshaws that calculates passenger fares based on a combination of distance travelled and waiting time. Its shortened form, "taxi", is also a metonym for the hired cars that use them. History The modern taximeter was invent...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%2Abert
Q*bert (; also known as Qbert) is an arcade video game developed and published for the North American market by Gottlieb in 1982. It is a 2D action game with puzzle elements that uses isometric graphics to create a pseudo-3D effect. The objective of each level in the game is to change every cube in a pyramid to a targe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar%20Bose
Amar Gopal Bose (November 2, 1929 – July 12, 2013) was an American entrepreneur and academic. An electrical engineer and sound engineer, he was a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for over 45 years. He was also the founder and chairman of Bose Corporation. In 2011, he donated a majority of the com...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stapler
A stapler is a mechanical device that joins pages of paper or similar material by driving a thin metal staple through the sheets and folding the ends. Staplers are widely used in government, business, offices, work places, homes and schools. The word "stapler" can actually refer to a number of different devices of var...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterilization%20%28microbiology%29
Sterilization (or sterilisation) refers to any process that removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life (particularly microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, spores, and unicellular eukaryotic organisms) and other biological agents such as prions present in or on a specific surface, object, or fluid. Sterilization...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum-addressed%20decoder
In CPU design, the use of a sum-addressed decoder (SAD) or sum-addressed memory (SAM) decoder is a method of reducing the latency of the CPU cache access and address calculation (base + offset). This is achieved by fusing the address generation sum operation with the decode operation in the cache SRAM. Overview The L1...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleobotany
Paleobotany, also spelled as palaeobotany, is the branch of botany dealing with the recovery and identification of plant remains from geological contexts, and their use for the biological reconstruction of past environments (paleogeography), and the evolutionary history of plants, with a bearing upon the evolution of l...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classic%20RISC%20pipeline
In the history of computer hardware, some early reduced instruction set computer central processing units (RISC CPUs) used a very similar architectural solution, now called a classic RISC pipeline. Those CPUs were: MIPS, SPARC, Motorola 88000, and later the notional CPU DLX invented for education. Each of these classi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewriting
In mathematics, computer science, and logic, rewriting covers a wide range of methods of replacing subterms of a formula with other terms. Such methods may be achieved by rewriting systems (also known as rewrite systems, rewrite engines, or reduction systems). In their most basic form, they consist of a set of objects,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Pueblo%20%28AGER-2%29
USS Pueblo (AGER-2) is a , placed into service during World War II, then converted to a spy ship in 1967 by the United States Navy. She gathered intelligence and oceanographic information, monitoring electronic and radio signals from North Korea. On 23 January 1968, the ship was attacked and captured by a North Korean ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenobiotic
A xenobiotic is a chemical substance found within an organism that is not naturally produced or expected to be present within the organism. It can also cover substances that are present in much higher concentrations than are usual. Natural compounds can also become xenobiotics if they are taken up by another organism,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch%20predictor
In computer architecture, a branch predictor is a digital circuit that tries to guess which way a branch (e.g., an if–then–else structure) will go before this is known definitively. The purpose of the branch predictor is to improve the flow in the instruction pipeline. Branch predictors play a critical role in achievin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice%20paper
"Rice paper" has many varieties such as rice paper made from tree bark to make drawing and writing paper or from rice flour and tapioca flour and then mixed with salt and water to produce a thin rice cake and dried to become harder and paper-like. It is used to wrap many ingredients when eating. Vietnam is the only cou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20dominance%20hierarchy%20species
Dominance hierarchies occur in many social animals. Primates Researcher M. W. Foster investigated primates and found that the leaders were more likely to be those who did more for those around them instead of being determined by strength. Baboons Alpha male baboons monopolize resources and mating access to females,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-validation%20%28statistics%29
Cross-validation, sometimes called rotation estimation or out-of-sample testing, is any of various similar model validation techniques for assessing how the results of a statistical analysis will generalize to an independent data set. Cross-validation is a resampling method that uses different portions of the data to t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application%20checkpointing
Checkpointing is a technique that provides fault tolerance for computing systems. It basically consists of saving a snapshot of the application's state, so that applications can restart from that point in case of failure. This is particularly important for long running applications that are executed in failure-prone co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline%20of%20algorithms
The following timeline of algorithms outlines the development of algorithms (mainly "mathematical recipes") since their inception. Medieval Period Before – writing about "recipes" (on cooking, rituals, agriculture and other themes) c. 1700–2000 BC – Egyptians develop earliest known algorithms for multiplying two num...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20Address%20Extension
In computing, Physical Address Extension (PAE), sometimes referred to as Page Address Extension, is a memory management feature for the x86 architecture. PAE was first introduced by Intel in the Pentium Pro, and later by AMD in the Athlon processor. It defines a page table hierarchy of three levels (instead of two), wi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square%20triangular%20number
In mathematics, a square triangular number (or triangular square number) is a number which is both a triangular number and a square number. There are infinitely many square triangular numbers; the first few are: 0, 1, 36, , , , , , , Explicit formulas Write for the th square triangular number, and write and for th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ONERA
The Office national d'études et de recherches aérospatiales (ONERA) is the French national aerospace research centre. It is a public establishment with industrial and commercial operations, and carries out application-oriented research to support enhanced innovation and competitiveness in the aerospace and defense sect...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral%20evolution
Viral evolution is a subfield of evolutionary biology and virology that is specifically concerned with the evolution of viruses. Viruses have short generation times, and many—in particular RNA viruses—have relatively high mutation rates (on the order of one point mutation or more per genome per round of replication). A...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive%20transport
Passive transport is a type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes. Instead of using cellular energy, like active transport, passive transport relies on the second law of thermodynamics to drive the movement of substances across cell membranes. Fundamentally, substan...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java%20Desktop%20System
Java Desktop System, briefly known as OpenSolaris Desktop, is a legacy desktop environment developed first by Sun Microsystems and then by Oracle Corporation after the 2010 Oracle acquisition of Sun. Java Desktop System is available for Solaris and was once available for Linux. The Linux version was discontinued after ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unreal%20Engine
Unreal Engine (UE) is a series of 3D computer graphics game engines developed by Epic Games, first showcased in the 1998 first-person shooter video game Unreal. Initially developed for PC first-person shooters, it has since been used in a variety of genres of games and has seen adoption by other industries, most notabl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorism
Algorism is the technique of performing basic arithmetic by writing numbers in place value form and applying a set of memorized rules and facts to the digits. One who practices algorism is known as an algorist. This positional notation system has largely superseded earlier calculation systems that used a different set ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraph%20sounder
A telegraph sounder is an antique electromechanical device used as a receiver on electrical telegraph lines during the 19th century. It was invented by Alfred Vail after 1850 to replace the previous receiving device, the cumbersome Morse register and was the first practical application of the electromagnet. When a te...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight%20engineer
A flight engineer (FE), also sometimes called an air engineer, is the member of an aircraft's flight crew who monitors and operates its complex aircraft systems. In the early era of aviation, the position was sometimes referred to as the "air mechanic". Flight engineers can still be found on some larger fixed-wing airp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor%E2%80%93transistor%20logic
Resistor–transistor logic (RTL), sometimes also known as transistor–resistor logic (TRL), is a class of digital circuits built using resistors as the input network and bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) as switching devices. RTL is the earliest class of transistorized digital logic circuit; it was succeeded by diode–t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode%E2%80%93transistor%20logic
Diode–transistor logic (DTL) is a class of digital circuits that is the direct ancestor of transistor–transistor logic. It is called so because the logic gating functions AND and OR are performed by diode logic, while logical inversion (NOT) and amplification (providing signal restoration) is performed by a transistor ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slax
Slax is a LiveCD Linux distribution developed by Tomáš Matějíček and based on upstream customizable Linux distributions. Packages can be added by apt package manager or can be prepared as modules. The tagline for Slax refers to itself as "your pocket operating system". Features One of the main benefits of the Slax di...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SystemRescue
SystemRescue (Previously known as "SystemRescueCD") is a Linux distribution for x86 64 and x86 computers. The primary purpose of SystemRescue is to repair unbootable or otherwise damaged computer systems after a system crash. SystemRescue is not intended to be used as a permanent operating system. It runs from a Live C...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20organism
A digital organism is a self-replicating computer program that mutates and evolves. Digital organisms are used as a tool to study the dynamics of Darwinian evolution, and to test or verify specific hypotheses or mathematical models of evolution. The study of digital organisms is closely related to the area of artific...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary%20biology
Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes (natural selection, common descent, speciation) that produced the diversity of life on Earth. It is also defined as the study of the history of life forms on Earth. Evolution holds that all species are related and gradually change o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain%20gauge
A strain gauge (also spelled strain gage) is a device used to measure strain on an object. Invented by Edward E. Simmons and Arthur C. Ruge in 1938, the most common type of strain gauge consists of an insulating flexible backing which supports a metallic foil pattern. The gauge is attached to the object by a suitable a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weismann%20barrier
The Weismann barrier, proposed by August Weismann, is the strict distinction between the "immortal" germ cell lineages producing gametes and "disposable" somatic cells in animals (but not plants), in contrast to Charles Darwin's proposed pangenesis mechanism for inheritance. In more precise terminology, hereditary info...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Data-Link%20Interface
The Open Data-Link Interface (ODI), developed by Apple and Novell, serves the same function as Microsoft and 3COM's Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS). Originally, ODI was written for NetWare and Macintosh environments. Like NDIS, ODI provides rules that establish a vendor-neutral interface between the proto...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSIL
XSIL (Extensible Scientific Interchange Language) is an XML-based transport language for scientific data, supporting the inclusion of both in-file data and metadata. The language comes with an extensible Java object model. The language's elementary objects include Param (arbitrary association between a keyword and a va...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20Format%20Description%20language
The Binary Format Description (BFD) language is an extension of XSIL which has added conditionals and the ability to reference files by their stream numbers, rather than by their public URLs. A template written in the BFD language can be applied to a binary data file to produce a file with that data formatted with des...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function%20overloading
In some programming languages, function overloading or method overloading is the ability to create multiple functions of the same name with different implementations. Calls to an overloaded function will run a specific implementation of that function appropriate to the context of the call, allowing one function call to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final%20Fantasy%20Crystal%20Chronicles%20%28video%20game%29
is an action role-playing video game developed by The Game Designers Studio and published by Nintendo for the GameCube. It was released in 2003 in Japan and 2004 in North America, Europe and Australia. A remastered version for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Android, and iOS was released in August 2020. A spin-off of t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic%20parity
In quantum mechanics, the intrinsic parity is a phase factor that arises as an eigenvalue of the parity operation (a reflection about the origin). To see that the parity's eigenvalues are phase factors, we assume an eigenstate of the parity operation (this is realized because the intrinsic parity is a property of a pa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial%20digital%20interface
Serial digital interface (SDI) is a family of digital video interfaces first standardized by SMPTE (The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) in 1989. For example, ITU-R BT.656 and SMPTE 259M define digital video interfaces used for broadcast-grade video. A related standard, known as high-definition seri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnutella2
Gnutella2, often referred to as G2, is a peer-to-peer protocol developed mainly by Michael Stokes and released in 2002. While inspired by the gnutella protocol, G2 shares little of its design with the exception of its connection handshake and download mechanics. G2 adopts an extensible binary packet format and an ent...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ%20system
An organ system is a biological system consisting of a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. Each organ has a specialized role in a plant or animal body, and is made up of distinct tissues. Animals Other animals have similar organ systems to humans although simpler animals may have fewe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTLinux
RTLinux is a hard realtime real-time operating system (RTOS) microkernel that runs the entire Linux operating system as a fully preemptive process. The hard real-time property makes it possible to control robots, data acquisition systems, manufacturing plants, and other time-sensitive instruments and machines from RTLi...