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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxis | A taxis (; : taxes ) is the movement of an organism in response to a stimulus such as light or the presence of food. Taxes are innate behavioural responses. A taxis differs from a tropism (turning response, often growth towards or away from a stimulus) in that in the case of taxis, the organism has motility and demonst... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast%20television%20systems | Broadcast television systems (or terrestrial television systems outside the US and Canada) are the encoding or formatting systems for the transmission and reception of terrestrial television signals.
Analog television systems were standardized by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 1961, with each syste... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20cryptography | Visual cryptography is a cryptographic technique which allows visual information (pictures, text, etc.) to be encrypted in such a way that the decrypted information appears as a visual image.
One of the best-known techniques has been credited to Moni Naor and Adi Shamir, who developed it in 1994. They demonstrated a ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taguchi%20methods | Taguchi methods () are statistical methods, sometimes called robust design methods, developed by Genichi Taguchi to improve the quality of manufactured goods, and more recently also applied to engineering, biotechnology, marketing and advertising. Professional statisticians have welcomed the goals and improvements bro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computability | Computability is the ability to solve a problem in an effective manner. It is a key topic of the field of computability theory within mathematical logic and the theory of computation within computer science. The computability of a problem is closely linked to the existence of an algorithm to solve the problem.
The mos... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellaview | The is a satellite modem peripheral produced by Nintendo for the Super Famicom in 1995. Containing 1 megabyte of ROM space and an additional 512 kB of RAM, Satellaview allowed players to download games, magazines, and other media through satellite broadcasts provided by Japanese company St.GIGA. Its heavy third-party ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Harsanyi | John Charles Harsanyi (; May 29, 1920 – August 9, 2000) was a Hungarian-American economist and the recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1994.
He is best known for his contributions to the study of game theory and its application to economics, specifically for his developing the highly innovati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20prime%20numbers | This is a list of articles about prime numbers. A prime number (or prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. By Euclid's theorem, there are an infinite number of prime numbers. Subsets of the prime numbers may be generated with various formulas for primes. The firs... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigeal | Epigeal, epigean, epigeic and epigeous are biological terms describing an organism's activity above the soil surface.
In botany, a seed is described as showing epigeal germination when the cotyledons of the germinating seed expand, throw off the seed shell and become photosynthetic above the ground. The opposite kind,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000%20%28number%29 | 1000 or one thousand is the natural number following 999 and preceding 1001. In most English-speaking countries, it can be written with or without a comma or sometimes a period separating the thousands digit: 1,000.
A group of one thousand things is sometimes known, from Ancient Greek, as a chiliad. A period of one th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic%20Message%20Syntax | The Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) is the IETF's standard for cryptographically protected messages. It can be used by cryptographic schemes and protocols to digitally sign, digest, authenticate or encrypt any form of digital data.
CMS is based on the syntax of PKCS #7, which in turn is based on the Privacy-Enhance... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental%20theorem%20of%20asset%20pricing | The fundamental theorems of asset pricing (also: of arbitrage, of finance), in both financial economics and mathematical finance, provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a market to be arbitrage-free, and for a market to be complete. An arbitrage opportunity is a way of making money with no initial investment w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86uk%20converter | The Ćuk converter (, ) is a type of buck-boost converter with low ripple current. A Ćuk converter can be seen as a combination of boost converter and buck converter, having one switching device and a mutual capacitor, to couple the energy.
Similar to the buck-boost converter with inverting topology, the output voltage... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware%20abstraction | Hardware abstractions are sets of routines in software that provide programs with access to hardware resources through programming interfaces. The programming interface allows all devices in a particular class C of hardware devices to be accessed through identical interfaces even though C may contain different subclass... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS/8 | MS/8 or The RL Monitor System is a discontinued computer operating system developed for the Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-8 in 1966 by Richard F. Lary.
History
RL Monitor System, as it was initially called, was developed on a 4K (12-bit) PDP-8 with "a Teletype that had a paper tape reader and punch and .. a singl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite%20impulse%20response | In signal processing, a finite impulse response (FIR) filter is a filter whose impulse response (or response to any finite length input) is of finite duration, because it settles to zero in finite time. This is in contrast to infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, which may have internal feedback and may continue to ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key%20%28instrument%29 | A key is a component of a musical instrument, the purpose and function of which depends on the instrument. However, the term is most often used in the context of keyboard instruments, in which case it refers to the exterior part of the instrument that the player physically interacts in the process of sound production.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariant%20transformation | In physics, a covariant transformation is a rule that specifies how certain entities, such as vectors or tensors, change under a change of basis. The transformation that describes the new basis vectors as a linear combination of the old basis vectors is defined as a covariant transformation. Conventionally, indices ide... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple%20ring | In abstract algebra, a branch of mathematics, a simple ring is a non-zero ring that has no two-sided ideal besides the zero ideal and itself. In particular, a commutative ring is a simple ring if and only if it is a field.
The center of a simple ring is necessarily a field. It follows that a simple ring is an associa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodworking%20machine | A Woodworking machine is a machine that is intended to process wood. These machines are usually powered by electric motors and are used extensively in woodworking. Sometimes grinding machines (used for grinding down to smaller pieces) are also considered a part of woodworking machinery.
Types of woodworking machinery
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20quantum%20field%20theory | In gauge theory and mathematical physics, a topological quantum field theory (or topological field theory or TQFT) is a quantum field theory which computes topological invariants.
Although TQFTs were invented by physicists, they are also of mathematical interest, being related to, among other things, knot theory and t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20numerical%20analysis%20topics | This is a list of numerical analysis topics.
General
Validated numerics
Iterative method
Rate of convergence — the speed at which a convergent sequence approaches its limit
Order of accuracy — rate at which numerical solution of differential equation converges to exact solution
Series acceleration — methods to acceler... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weierstrass%20M-test | In mathematics, the Weierstrass M-test is a test for determining whether an infinite series of functions converges uniformly and absolutely. It applies to series whose terms are bounded functions with real or complex values, and is analogous to the comparison test for determining the convergence of series of real or co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oenology | Oenology (also enology; ) is the science and study of wine and winemaking. Oenology is distinct from viticulture, which is the science of the growing, cultivation, and harvesting of grapes. The English word oenology derives from the Greek word oinos (οἶνος) "wine" and the suffix –logia (-λογία) the "study of". An oeno... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative%20grammar | Generative grammar, or generativism , is a linguistic theory that regards linguistics as the study of a hypothesised innate grammatical structure. It is a biological or biologistic modification of earlier structuralist theories of linguistics, deriving from logical syntax and glossematics. Generative grammar considers ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvian%20Man | The Vitruvian Man (; ) is a drawing by the Italian Renaissance artist and scientist Leonardo da Vinci, dated to . Inspired by the writings of the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius, the drawing depicts a nude man in two superimposed positions with his arms and legs apart and inscribed in both a circle and square. It was... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/300%20%28number%29 | 300 (three hundred) is the natural number following 299 and preceding 301.
Mathematical properties
The number 300 is a triangular number and the sum of a pair of twin primes (149 + 151), as well as the sum of ten consecutive primes (13 + 17 + 19 + 23 + 29 + 31 + 37 + 41 + 43 + 47).
It is palindromic in 3 consecutive ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plural%20quantification | In mathematics and logic, plural quantification is the theory that an individual variable x may take on plural, as well as singular, values. As well as substituting individual objects such as Alice, the number 1, the tallest building in London etc. for x, we may substitute both Alice and Bob, or all the numbers between... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StepMania | StepMania is a cross-platform rhythm video game and engine. It was originally developed as a clone of Konami's arcade game series Dance Dance Revolution, and has since evolved into an extensible rhythm game engine capable of supporting a variety of rhythm-based game types. Released under the MIT License, StepMania is o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE%20802.7 | IEEE 802.7 is a sub-standard of the IEEE 802 which covers broadband local area networks. The working group did issue a recommendation in 1989, but is currently inactive and in hibernation.
IEEE 802.07
Working groups |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitfall%21 | Pitfall! is a video game developed by David Crane for the Atari Video Computer System (later renamed Atari 2600) and released in 1982 by Activision. The player controls Pitfall Harry, who has a time limit of 20 minutes to seek treasure in a jungle. The game world is populated by enemies and hazards that variously cause... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forests%20of%20Poland | Forests cover an estimated 38.5% of Poland's territory, and are mostly owned by the state. And are increasing at a fast rate by 2035 Polands forest percentage will be 42-46%. Western and northern parts of Poland as well as the Carpathian Mountains in the extreme south, are much more forested than eastern and central pr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection%20high-energy%20electron%20diffraction | Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is a technique used to characterize the surface of crystalline materials. RHEED systems gather information only from the surface layer of the sample, which distinguishes RHEED from other materials characterization methods that also rely on diffraction of high-energy e... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylogarithmic%20function | In mathematics, a polylogarithmic function in is a polynomial in the logarithm of ,
The notation is often used as a shorthand for , analogous to for .
In computer science, polylogarithmic functions occur as the order of time or memory used by some algorithms (e.g., "it has polylogarithmic order"), such as in th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision%20theory | Decision theory (or the theory of choice; not to be confused with choice theory) is a branch of applied probability theory and analytic philosophy concerned with the theory of making decisions based on assigning probabilities to various factors and assigning numerical consequences to the outcome.
There are three branc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20knockdown | Gene knockdown is an experimental technique by which the expression of one or more of an organism's genes is reduced. The reduction can occur either through genetic modification or by treatment with a reagent such as a short DNA or RNA oligonucleotide that has a sequence complementary to either gene or an mRNA transcri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modularity%20of%20mind | Modularity of mind is the notion that a mind may, at least in part, be composed of innate neural structures or mental modules which have distinct, established, and evolutionarily developed functions. However, different definitions of "module" have been proposed by different authors. According to Jerry Fodor, the author... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephson%20effect | In physics, the Josephson effect is a phenomenon that occurs when two superconductors are placed in proximity, with some barrier or restriction between them. The effect is named after the British physicist Brian Josephson, who predicted in 1962 the mathematical relationships for the current and voltage across the weak ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/360%20%28number%29 | 360 (three hundred sixty) is the natural number following 359 and preceding 361.
In mathematics
360 is a highly composite number and one of only seven numbers such that no number less than twice as much has more divisors; the others are 1, 2, 6, 12, 60, and 2520 .
360 is also a superior highly composite number, a c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedekind%20eta%20function | In mathematics, the Dedekind eta function, named after Richard Dedekind, is a modular form of weight 1/2 and is a function defined on the upper half-plane of complex numbers, where the imaginary part is positive. It also occurs in bosonic string theory.
Definition
For any complex number with , let ; then the eta func... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiclet%20keyboard | A chiclet keyboard is a computer keyboard with keys that form an array of small, flat rectangular or lozenge-shaped rubber or plastic keys that look like erasers or "Chiclets", a brand of chewing gum manufactured in the shape of small squares with rounded corners. It is an evolution of the membrane keyboard, using the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20Athena | Project Athena was a joint project of MIT, Digital Equipment Corporation, and IBM to produce a campus-wide distributed computing environment for educational use. It was launched in 1983, and research and development ran until June 30, 1991. , Athena is still in production use at MIT. It works as software (currently a s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System%20X%20%28supercomputer%29 | System X (pronounced "System Ten") was a supercomputer assembled by Virginia Tech's Advanced Research Computing facility in the summer of 2003. Costing US$5.2 million, it was originally composed of 1,100 Apple Power Mac G5 computers with dual 2.0 GHz processors. System X was decommissioned on May 21, 2012.
System X ra... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foraging | Foraging is searching for wild food resources. It affects an animal's fitness because it plays an important role in an animal's ability to survive and reproduce. Foraging theory is a branch of behavioral ecology that studies the foraging behavior of animals in response to the environment where the animal lives.
Behavi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almost%20disjoint%20sets | In mathematics, two sets are almost disjoint if their intersection is small in some sense; different definitions of "small" will result in different definitions of "almost disjoint".
Definition
The most common choice is to take "small" to mean finite. In this case, two sets are almost disjoint if their intersection i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisenberg%20group | In mathematics, the Heisenberg group , named after Werner Heisenberg, is the group of 3×3 upper triangular matrices of the form
under the operation of matrix multiplication. Elements a, b and c can be taken from any commutative ring with identity, often taken to be the ring of real numbers (resulting in the "continuou... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WordWeb | WordWeb is an international English dictionary and thesaurus program for Microsoft Windows, iOS, Android and Mac OS X. It is partly based on the WordNet database.
Functions
WordWeb usually resides in the Windows' notification area. It can be activated by holding down CTRL and right-clicking a word in almost any progr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviion | Aviion (styled AViiON) was a series of computers from Data General that were the company's main product from the late 1980s until the company's server products were discontinued in 2001. Earlier Aviion models used the Motorola 88000 CPU, but later models moved to an all-Intel solution when Motorola stopped work on the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%20Singh | Simon Lehna Singh, (born 19 September 1964) is a British popular science author, theoretical and particle physicist. His written works include Fermat's Last Theorem (in the United States titled Fermat's Enigma: The Epic Quest to Solve the World's Greatest Mathematical Problem), The Code Book (about cryptography and i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run-length%20limited | Run-length limited or RLL coding is a line coding technique that is used to send arbitrary data over a communications channel with bandwidth limits. RLL codes are defined by four main parameters: m, n, d, k. The first two, m/n, refer to the rate of the code, while the remaining two specify the minimal d and maximal k ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out%20Run | (also stylized as OutRun) is an arcade driving video game released by Sega in September 1986. It is known for its pioneering hardware and graphics, nonlinear gameplay, a selectable soundtrack with music composed by Hiroshi Kawaguchi, and the hydraulic motion simulator deluxe arcade cabinet. The goal is to avoid traffic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial-response%20maximum-likelihood | In computer data storage, partial-response maximum-likelihood (PRML) is a method for recovering the digital data from the weak analog read-back signal picked up by the head of a magnetic disk drive or tape drive. PRML was introduced to recover data more reliably or at a greater areal-density than earlier simpler scheme... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic%20permutation | In mathematics, and in particular in group theory, a cyclic permutation is a permutation consisting of a single cycle. In some cases, cyclic permutations are referred to as cycles; if a cyclic permutation has k elements, it may be called a k-cycle. Some authors widen this definition to include permutations with fixed p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseshoe%20map | In the mathematics of chaos theory, a horseshoe map is any member of a class of chaotic maps of the square into itself. It is a core example in the study of dynamical systems. The map was introduced by Stephen Smale while studying the behavior of the orbits of the van der Pol oscillator. The action of the map is define... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ciphertexts | Some famous ciphertexts (or cryptograms), in chronological order by date, are:
See also
Undeciphered writing systems (cleartext, natural-language writing of unknown meaning)
External links
Elonka Dunin's list of famous unsolved codes and ciphers
Cryptography lists and comparisons
History of cryptography
Undecipher... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beale%20ciphers | The Beale ciphers are a set of three ciphertexts, one of which allegedly states the location of a buried treasure of gold, silver and jewels estimated to be worth over US$43 million Comprising three ciphertexts, the first (unsolved) text describes the location, the second (solved) ciphertext accounts the content of th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear%20form | In mathematics, a bilinear form is a bilinear map on a vector space (the elements of which are called vectors) over a field K (the elements of which are called scalars). In other words, a bilinear form is a function that is linear in each argument separately:
and
and
The dot product on is an example of a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorabella%20Cipher | The Dorabella Cipher is an enciphered letter written by composer Edward Elgar to Dora Penny, which was accompanied by another dated July 14, 1897. Penny never deciphered it and its meaning remains unknown.
The cipher, consisting of 87 characters spread over 3 lines, appears to be made up from 24 symbols, each symbol c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921 | In mathematics, −1 (negative one or minus one) is the additive inverse of 1, that is, the number that when added to 1 gives the additive identity element, 0. It is the negative integer greater than negative two (−2) and less than 0.
Algebraic properties
Multiplication
Multiplying a number by −1 is equivalent to chan... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Coroner%27s%20Toolkit | The Coroner's Toolkit (or TCT) is a suite of free computer security programs by Dan Farmer and Wietse Venema for digital forensic analysis. The suite runs under several Unix-related operating systems: FreeBSD, OpenBSD, BSD/OS, SunOS/Solaris, Linux, and HP-UX. TCT is released under the terms of the IBM Public License.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/400%20%28number%29 | 400 (four hundred) is the natural number following 399 and preceding 401.
Mathematical properties
400 is the square of 20. 400 is the sum of the powers of 7 from 0 to 3, thus making it a repdigit in base 7 (1111).
A circle is divided into 400 grads, which is equal to 360 degrees and 2π radians. (Degrees and radians... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP-35 | The HP-35 was Hewlett-Packard's first pocket calculator and the world's first scientific pocket calculator: a calculator with trigonometric and exponential functions. It was introduced in 1972.
History
In about 1970 HP co-founder Bill Hewlett challenged his co-workers to create a "shirt-pocket sized HP-9100". At the t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20semiconductor%20materials | Semiconductor materials are nominally small band gap insulators. The defining property of a semiconductor material is that it can be compromised by doping it with impurities that alter its electronic properties in a controllable way.
Because of their application in the computer and photovoltaic industry—in devices suc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-point%20arithmetic | In computing, fixed-point is a method of representing fractional (non-integer) numbers by storing a fixed number of digits of their fractional part. Dollar amounts, for example, are often stored with exactly two fractional digits, representing the cents (1/100 of dollar). More generally, the term may refer to represen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed%20point%20%28mathematics%29 | {{hatnote|1=Fixed points in mathematics are not to be confused with other uses of "fixed point", or stationary points where {{math|1=f(x) = 0}}.}}
In mathematics, a fixed point (sometimes shortened to fixpoint), also known as an invariant point, is a value that does not change under a given transformation. Specificall... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theta%20function | In mathematics, theta functions are special functions of several complex variables. They show up in many topics, including Abelian varieties, moduli spaces, quadratic forms, and solitons. As Grassmann algebras, they appear in quantum field theory.
The most common form of theta function is that occurring in the theory ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitaxy | Epitaxy (prefix epi- means "on top of”) refers to a type of crystal growth or material deposition in which new crystalline layers are formed with one or more well-defined orientations with respect to the crystalline seed layer. The deposited crystalline film is called an epitaxial film or epitaxial layer. The relative... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key%20derivation%20function | In cryptography, a key derivation function (KDF) is a cryptographic algorithm that derives one or more secret keys from a secret value such as a master key, a password, or a passphrase using a pseudorandom function (which typically uses a cryptographic hash function or block cipher). KDFs can be used to stretch keys in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triskelion | A triskelion or triskeles is an ancient motif consisting of a triple spiral exhibiting rotational symmetry or other patterns in triplicate that emanate from a common center.
The spiral design can be based on interlocking Archimedean spirals, or represent three bent human legs. It is found in artifacts of the Europea... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobi%20elliptic%20functions | In mathematics, the Jacobi elliptic functions are a set of basic elliptic functions. They are found in the description of the motion of a pendulum (see also pendulum (mathematics)), as well as in the design of electronic elliptic filters. While trigonometric functions are defined with reference to a circle, the Jacobi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular-beam%20epitaxy | Molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) is an epitaxy method for thin-film deposition of single crystals. MBE is widely used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices, including transistors, and it is considered one of the fundamental tools for the development of nanotechnologies. MBE is used to fabricate diodes and MOSFETs (MO... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby | Dolby Laboratories, Inc. (often shortened to Dolby Labs and known simply as Dolby) is a company specializing in audio noise reduction, audio encoding/compression, spatial audio, and HDR imaging. Dolby licenses its technologies to consumer electronics manufacturers.
History
Dolby Labs was founded by Ray Dolby (1933–201... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal%20firewall | A personal firewall is an application which controls network traffic to and from a computer, permitting or denying communications based on a security policy. Typically it works as an application layer firewall.
A personal firewall differs from a conventional firewall in terms of scale. A personal firewall will usuall... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic%20Curve%20Digital%20Signature%20Algorithm | In cryptography, the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) offers a variant of the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) which uses elliptic-curve cryptography.
Key and signature-size
As with elliptic-curve cryptography in general, the bit size of the private key believed to be needed for ECDSA is about twice... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-knowledge%20proof | In cryptography, a zero-knowledge proof or zero-knowledge protocol is a method by which one party (the prover) can prove to another party (the verifier) that a given statement is true, while avoiding conveying to the verifier any information beyond the mere fact of the statement's truth. The intuition underlying zero-k... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivial%20representation | In the mathematical field of representation theory, a trivial representation is a representation of a group G on which all elements of G act as the identity mapping of V. A trivial representation of an associative or Lie algebra is a (Lie) algebra representation for which all elements of the algebra act as the zero li... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellschreiber | The Hellschreiber, Feldhellschreiber or Typenbildfeldfernschreiber (also Hell-Schreiber named after its inventor Rudolf Hell) is a facsimile-based teleprinter invented by Rudolf Hell. Compared to contemporary teleprinters that were based on typewriter systems and were mechanically complex and expensive, the Hellschreib... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price%E2%80%93performance%20ratio | In economics, engineering, business management and marketing the price–performance ratio is often written as cost–performance, cost–benefit or capability/price (C/P), refers to a product's ability to deliver performance, of any sort, for its price. Generally speaking, products with a lower price/performance ratio are ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display%20device | A display device is an output device for presentation of information in visual or tactile form (the latter used for example in tactile electronic displays for blind people). When the input information that is supplied has an electrical signal the display is called an electronic display.
Common applications for electro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat%20memory%20model | Flat memory model or linear memory model refers to a memory addressing paradigm in which "memory appears to the program as a single contiguous address space." The CPU can directly (and linearly) address all of the available memory locations without having to resort to any sort of bank switching, memory segmentation or ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/His-tag | A polyhistidine-tag, best known by the trademarked name His-tag, is an amino acid motif in proteins that typically consists of at least six histidine (His) residues, often at the N- or C-terminus of the protein. It is also known as a hexa histidine-tag, 6xHis-tag, or His6 tag. The tag was invented by Roche, although t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundtrack%20Pro | Soundtrack Pro is a discontinued music composing and audio editing application made by Apple Inc. It included a collection of just over 5,000 royalty free professional instrument loops and sound effects for use. The software was featured in the Logic Studio and Final Cut Studio software bundles; It was discontinued wit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive%20exclusion%20principle | In ecology, the competitive exclusion principle, sometimes referred to as Gause's law, is a proposition that two species which compete for the same limited resource cannot coexist at constant population values. When one species has even the slightest advantage over another, the one with the advantage will dominate in t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive%20attack | A passive attack on a cryptosystem is one in which the cryptanalyst cannot interact with any of the parties involved, attempting to break the system solely based upon observed data (i.e. the ciphertext). This can also include known plaintext attacks where both the plaintext and its corresponding ciphertext are known.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undeniable%20signature | An undeniable signature is a digital signature scheme which allows the signer to be selective to whom they allow to verify signatures. The scheme adds explicit signature repudiation, preventing a signer later refusing to verify a signature by omission; a situation that would devalue the signature in the eyes of the ver... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20oracle | In cryptography, a random oracle is an oracle (a theoretical black box) that responds to every unique query with a (truly) random response chosen uniformly from its output domain. If a query is repeated, it responds the same way every time that query is submitted.
Stated differently, a random oracle is a mathematical ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cube%20%28algebra%29 | In arithmetic and algebra, the cube of a number is its third power, that is, the result of multiplying three instances of together.
The cube of a number or any other mathematical expression is denoted by a superscript 3, for example or .
The cube is also the number multiplied by its square:
.
The cube function is ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defect%20tracking | In engineering, defect tracking is the process of tracking the logged defects in a product from beginning to closure (by inspection, testing, or recording feedback from customers), and making new versions of the product that fix the defects. Defect tracking is important in software engineering as complex software syste... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network-attached%20storage | Network-attached storage (NAS) is a file-level (as opposed to block-level storage) computer data storage server connected to a computer network providing data access to a heterogeneous group of clients. The term "NAS" can refer to both the technology and systems involved, or a specialized device built for such function... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20definition%20language | In the context of SQL, data definition or data description language (DDL) is a syntax for creating and modifying database objects such as tables, indices, and users. DDL statements are similar to a computer programming language for defining data structures, especially database schemas. Common examples of DDL statement... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland%20Pattern%20Repository | The Portland Pattern Repository (PPR) is a repository for computer programming software design patterns. It was accompanied by a companion website, WikiWikiWeb, which was the world's first wiki. The repository has an emphasis on Extreme Programming, and it is hosted by Cunningham & Cunningham (C2) of Portland, Oregon. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication%20Theory%20of%20Secrecy%20Systems | "Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems" is a paper published in 1949 by Claude Shannon discussing cryptography from the viewpoint of information theory. It is one of the foundational treatments (arguably the foundational treatment) of modern cryptography. It is also a proof that all theoretically unbreakable ciphers ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masking%20%28art%29 | In art, craft, and engineering, masking is the use of materials to protect areas from change, or to focus change on other areas. This can describe either the techniques and materials used to control the development of a work of art by protecting a desired area from change; or a phenomenon that (either intentionally or ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20corruption | Memory corruption occurs in a computer program when the contents of a memory location are modified due to programmatic behavior that exceeds the intention of the original programmer or program/language constructs; this is termed as violation of memory safety. The most likely causes of memory corruption are programming ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stage%20box | A stage box is an interface device used in sound reinforcement and recording studios to connect equipment to a mixing console. It provides a central location to connect microphones, instruments, and speakers to a multicore cable (snake), which allows the sound desk to be further from the stage and simplifies setup.
St... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio%20multicore%20cable | An audio multicore cable (often colloquially referred to as a multicore, snake cable or snake) is a thick cable which usually contains 4–64 individual audio cables inside a common, sturdy outer jacket. Audio multicore cables are used to convey many audio signals between two locations, such as in audio recording, sound ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arimaa | Arimaa () is a two-player strategy board game that was designed to be playable with a standard chess set and difficult for computers while still being easy to learn and fun to play for humans. It was invented between 1997 and 2002 by Omar Syed, an Indian-American computer engineer trained in artificial intelligence. S... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlin%20noise | Perlin noise is a type of gradient noise developed by Ken Perlin in 1983. It has many uses, including but not limited to: procedurally generating terrain, applying pseudo-random changes to a variable, and assisting in the creation of image textures. It is most commonly implemented in two, three, or four dimensions, but... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit%20cycle | In mathematics, in the study of dynamical systems with two-dimensional phase space, a limit cycle is a closed trajectory in phase space having the property that at least one other trajectory spirals into it either as time approaches infinity or as time approaches negative infinity. Such behavior is exhibited in some no... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced-definition%20television | Enhanced-definition television, or extended-definition television (EDTV) is a Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) marketing shorthand term for certain digital television (DTV) formats and devices. Specifically, this term defines an extension of the standard-definition television (SDTV) format that enables a clearer ... |
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