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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional%20quantum%20Hall%20effect | The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) is a physical phenomenon in which the Hall conductance of 2-dimensional (2D) electrons shows precisely quantized plateaus at fractional values of . It is a property of a collective state in which electrons bind magnetic flux lines to make new quasiparticles, and excitations hav... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langley%20%28unit%29 | The langley (Ly) is a unit of heat transmission, especially used to express the rate of solar radiation (or insolation) received by the earth. The unit was proposed by Franz Linke in 1942 and named after Samuel Langley (1834–1906) in 1947.
Definition
One langley is
1 thermochemical calorie per square centimetre,
41 8... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cray%20T3D | The T3D (Torus, 3-Dimensional) was Cray Research's first attempt at a massively parallel supercomputer architecture. Launched in 1993, it also marked Cray's first use of another company's microprocessor. The T3D consisted of between 32 and 2048 Processing Elements (PEs), each comprising a 150 MHz DEC Alpha 21064 (EV4... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP%20NetWeaver%20Business%20Warehouse | SAP Business Warehouse (SAP BW) is SAP’s Enterprise Data Warehouse product. It can transform and consolidate business information from virtually any source system. It ran on industry standard RDBMS until version 7.3 at which point it began to transition onto SAP's HANA in-memory DBMS, particularly with the release of v... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spigot%20algorithm | A spigot algorithm is an algorithm for computing the value of a transcendental number (such as or e) that generates the digits of the number sequentially from left to right providing increasing precision as the algorithm proceeds. Spigot algorithms also aim to minimize the amount of intermediate storage required. The... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lily%20pad%20network | A lily pad network is a series of wireless access points spread over a large area, each connected to a different network and owned by different enterprises and people, providing hotspots where wireless clients can connect to the Internet without regard for the particular networks to which they link.
This is in contras... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-linked%20recessive%20inheritance | X-linked recessive inheritance is a mode of inheritance in which a mutation in a gene on the X chromosome causes the phenotype to be always expressed in males (who are necessarily homozygous for the gene mutation because they have one X and one Y chromosome) and in females who are homozygous for the gene mutation, see ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirichlet%20integral | In mathematics, there are several integrals known as the Dirichlet integral, after the German mathematician Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, one of which is the improper integral of the sinc function over the positive real line:
This integral is not absolutely convergent, meaning is not Lebesgue-integrable, because th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline%20%28Unix%29 | In Unix-like computer operating systems, a pipeline is a mechanism for inter-process communication using message passing. A pipeline is a set of processes chained together by their standard streams, so that the output text of each process (stdout) is passed directly as input (stdin) to the next one. The second process ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reassortment | Reassortment is the mixing of the genetic material of a species into new combinations in different individuals. Several different processes contribute to reassortment, including assortment of chromosomes, and chromosomal crossover. It is particularly used when two similar viruses that are infecting the same cell exchan... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20Pascal | Apple Pascal is an implementation of Pascal for the Apple II and Apple III computer series. It is based on UCSD Pascal.
Just like other UCSD Pascal implementations, it ran on its own operating system (Apple Pascal Operating System, a derivative of UCSD p-System with graphical extensions).
Originally released for the A... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline%20%28computing%29 | In computing, a pipeline, also known as a data pipeline, is a set of data processing elements connected in series, where the output of one element is the input of the next one. The elements of a pipeline are often executed in parallel or in time-sliced fashion. Some amount of buffer storage is often inserted between el... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellman%20equation | A Bellman equation, named after Richard E. Bellman, is a necessary condition for optimality associated with the mathematical optimization method known as dynamic programming. It writes the "value" of a decision problem at a certain point in time in terms of the payoff from some initial choices and the "value" of the re... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3%20Surround | MP3 Surround is an extension of MP3 for multi-channel audio support including 5.1 surround sound. It was developed by Fraunhofer IIS in collaboration with Thomson and Agere Systems, and released in December 2004.
MP3 Surround is backward compatible with standard MP3. The data overhead is 16 kbit/s, which allows for fi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projective%20hierarchy | In the mathematical field of descriptive set theory, a subset of a Polish space is projective if it is for some positive integer . Here is
if is analytic
if the complement of , , is
if there is a Polish space and a subset such that is the projection of onto ; that is,
The choice of the Polish space ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointed%20space | In mathematics, a pointed space or based space is a topological space with a distinguished point, the basepoint. The distinguished point is just simply one particular point, picked out from the space, and given a name, such as that remains unchanged during subsequent discussion, and is kept track of during all operati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio%20Engineering%20Society | The Audio Engineering Society (AES) is a professional body for engineers, scientists, other individuals with an interest or involvement in the professional audio industry. The membership largely comprises engineers developing devices or products for audio, and persons working in audio content production. It also includ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20University%20of%20Computer%20and%20Emerging%20Sciences | The National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (NUCES) (), also known as Foundation for Advancement of Science and Technology (FAST), is a private research university with multiple campuses in different cities of Pakistan.
Overview
The university is the first multi-campus university in Pakistan, having fiv... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic%20picture%20transmission | The Automatic Picture Transmission (APT) system is an analog image transmission system developed for use on weather satellites. It was introduced in the 1960s and over four decades has provided image data to relatively low-cost user stations at locations in most countries of the world. A user station anywhere in the wo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lin%20Wang | Lin Wang (; 1917 – 26 February 2003) was an Asian elephant that served with the Chinese Expeditionary Force during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) and later relocated to Taiwan with the Kuomintang forces. Lin Wang lived out most of his life in the Taipei Zoo and was the most famous animal in Taiwan. Many adult... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarizability | Polarizability usually refers to the tendency of matter, when subjected to an electric field, to acquire an electric dipole moment in proportion to that applied field. It is a property of all matter, considering that matter is made up of elementary particles which have an electric charge, namely protons and electrons. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weyl%20transformation | See also Wigner–Weyl transform, for another definition of the Weyl transform.
In theoretical physics, the Weyl transformation, named after Hermann Weyl, is a local rescaling of the metric tensor:
which produces another metric in the same conformal class. A theory or an expression invariant under this transformation ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z22%20%28computer%29 | The Z22 was the seventh computer model Konrad Zuse developed (the first six being the Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5 and Z11, respectively). One of the early commercial computers, the Z22's design was finished about 1955. The major version jump from Z11 to Z22 was due to the use of vacuum tubes, as opposed to the electromechanical... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophagia | Geophagia (), also known as geophagy (), is the intentional practice of eating earth or soil-like substances such as clay, chalk, or termite mounds. It is a behavioural adaptation that occurs in many non-human animals and has been documented in more than 100 primate species. Geophagy in non-human primates is primarily... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U | M3U (MP3 URL or Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer 3 Uniform Resource Locator in full) is a computer file format for a multimedia playlist. One common use of the M3U file format is creating a single-entry playlist file pointing to a stream on the Internet. The created file provides easy access to that stream and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation%20automaton | In automata theory, a permutation automaton, or pure-group automaton, is a deterministic finite automaton such that each input symbol permutes the set of states.
Formally, a deterministic finite automaton may be defined by the tuple (Q, Σ, δ, q0, F),
where Q is the set of states of the automaton, Σ is the set of inpu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postural%20orthostatic%20tachycardia%20syndrome | Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a condition characterized by an abnormally large increase in heart rate upon standing. POTS is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system that can lead the individual to experience a variety of symptoms. Symptoms may include lightheadedness, brain fog, blurred vision,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix%20unit | In linear algebra, a matrix unit is a matrix with only one nonzero entry with value 1. The matrix unit with a 1 in the ith row and jth column is denoted as . For example, the 3 by 3 matrix unit with i = 1 and j = 2 is
A vector unit is a standard unit vector.
A single-entry matrix generalizes the matrix unit for matri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoothwall | Smoothwall (formerly styled as SmoothWall) is a Linux distribution designed to be used as an open source firewall. Smoothwall is configured via a web-based GUI and requires little or no knowledge of Linux to install or use.
Smoothwall is also a private software company based in the UK who specializes in the developmen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REFSMMAT | REFSMMAT is a term used by guidance, navigation, and control system flight controllers during the Apollo program, which carried over into the Space Shuttle program. REFSMMAT stands for "Reference to Stable Member Matrix". It is a numerical definition of a fixed orientation in space and is usually (but not always) defin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac%20marker | Cardiac markers are biomarkers measured to evaluate heart function. They can be useful in the early prediction or diagnosis of disease. Although they are often discussed in the context of myocardial infarction, other conditions can lead to an elevation in cardiac marker level.
Most of the early markers identified were... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirichlet%27s%20principle | In mathematics, and particularly in potential theory, Dirichlet's principle is the assumption that the minimizer of a certain energy functional is a solution to Poisson's equation.
Formal statement
Dirichlet's principle states that, if the function is the solution to Poisson's equation
on a domain of with boundar... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20canal%20engineers | A canal engineer is a civil engineer responsible for planning (architectural and otherwise) related to the construction of a canal.
Canal engineers include:
China
Yu the Great (c.2200BCE-c.2100BCE), first Dynast of China, founder of the first dynasty, who dedicated his life establishing flood control structures acro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry%20breaking | In physics, symmetry breaking is a phenomenon where a disordered but symmetric state collapses into an ordered, but less symmetric state. This collapse is often one of many possible bifurcations that a particle can take as it approaches a lower energy state. Due to the many possibilities, an observer may assume the res... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotochromogenic | Scotochromogenic bacteria develop pigment in the dark. Runyon Group II nontuberculous mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium gordonae are examples but the term could apply to many other organisms.
References
Bacteria |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TFT%20LCD | A thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD) is a variant of a liquid-crystal display that uses thin-film-transistor technology to improve image qualities such as addressability and contrast. A TFT LCD is an active matrix LCD, in contrast to passive matrix LCDs or simple, direct-driven (i.e. with segments di... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lickorish%E2%80%93Wallace%20theorem | In mathematics, the Lickorish–Wallace theorem in the theory of 3-manifolds states that any closed, orientable, connected 3-manifold may be obtained by performing Dehn surgery on a framed link in the 3-sphere with ±1 surgery coefficients. Furthermore, each component of the link can be assumed to be unknotted.
The the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity%20%28physics%29 | In physics, a parity transformation (also called parity inversion) is the flip in the sign of one spatial coordinate. In three dimensions, it can also refer to the simultaneous flip in the sign of all three spatial coordinates (a point reflection):
It can also be thought of as a test for chirality of a physical phenom... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjunction%20space | In mathematics, an adjunction space (or attaching space) is a common construction in topology where one topological space is attached or "glued" onto another. Specifically, let X and Y be topological spaces, and let A be a subspace of Y. Let f : A → X be a continuous map (called the attaching map). One forms the adjunc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline%20%28software%29 | In software engineering, a pipeline consists of a chain of processing elements (processes, threads, coroutines, functions, etc.), arranged so that the output of each element is the input of the next; the name is by analogy to a physical pipeline. Usually some amount of buffering is provided between consecutive elements... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling%20rig | A drilling rig is an integrated system that drills wells, such as oil or water wells, or holes for piling and other construction purposes, into the earth's subsurface. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing equipment used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas extraction wells, or they can be small en... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval%20weights%20and%20measures | The following systems arose from earlier systems, and in many cases utilise parts of much older systems. For the most part they were used to varying degrees in the Middle Ages and surrounding time periods. Some of these systems found their way into later systems, such as the Imperial system and even SI.
English syste... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipping%20%28fandom%29 | Shipping (derived from the word relationship) is the desire by followers of a fandom for two or more people, either real-life people or fictional characters (in film, literature, television series, etc.), to be in a romantic or sexual relationship. Shipping often takes the form of unofficial creative works, including f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exaptation | Exaptation and the related term co-option describe a shift in the function of a trait during evolution. For example, a trait can evolve because it served one particular function, but subsequently it may come to serve another. Exaptations are common in both anatomy and behaviour.
Bird feathers are a classic example. In... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointed%20set | In mathematics, a pointed set (also based set or rooted set) is an ordered pair where is a set and is an element of called the base point, also spelled basepoint.
Maps between pointed sets and —called based maps, pointed maps, or point-preserving maps—are functions from to that map one basepoint to another, i.e... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical%20Models | Graphical Models is an academic journal in computer graphics and geometry processing publisher by Elsevier. , its editor-in-chief is Bedrich Benes of the Purdue University.
History
This journal has gone through multiple names. Founded in 1972 as Computer Graphics and Image Processing by Azriel Rosenfeld, it became the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3%20blog | An MP3 blog is a type of blog in which the creator makes music files, normally in the MP3 format, available for download. They are also known as musicblogs, audioblogs or soundblogs (the latter two can also mean podcasts). MP3 blogs have become increasingly popular since 2003. The music posted ranges from hard-to-fi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Mathematician%27s%20Apology | A Mathematician's Apology is a 1940 essay by British mathematician G. H. Hardy, which offers a defence of the pursuit of mathematics. Central to Hardy's "apology" – in the sense of a formal justification or defence (as in Plato's Apology of Socrates) – is an argument that mathematics has value independent of possible a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th%20root | Extracting the 13th root of a number is a famous category for the mental calculation world records. The challenge consists of being given a large number (possibly over 100 digits) and asked to return the number that, when taken to the 13th power, equals the given number. For example, the 13th root of 8,192 is 2 and t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB%20mass%20storage%20device%20class | The USB mass storage device class (also known as USB MSC or UMS) is a set of computing communications protocols, specifically a USB Device Class, defined by the USB Implementers Forum that makes a USB device accessible to a host computing device and enables file transfers between the host and the USB device. To a host,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thom%20space | In mathematics, the Thom space, Thom complex, or Pontryagin–Thom construction (named after René Thom and Lev Pontryagin) of algebraic topology and differential topology is a topological space associated to a vector bundle, over any paracompact space.
Construction of the Thom space
One way to construct this space is a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dither | Dither is an intentionally applied form of noise used to randomize quantization error, preventing large-scale patterns such as color banding in images. Dither is routinely used in processing of both digital audio and video data, and is often one of the last stages of mastering audio to a CD.
A common use of dither is ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise%20shaping | Noise shaping is a technique typically used in digital audio, image, and video processing, usually in combination with dithering, as part of the process of quantization or bit-depth reduction of a signal. Its purpose is to increase the apparent signal-to-noise ratio of the resultant signal. It does this by altering the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment%20problem | In mathematics, a moment problem arises as the result of trying to invert the mapping that takes a measure μ to the sequence of moments
More generally, one may consider
for an arbitrary sequence of functions Mn.
Introduction
In the classical setting, μ is a measure on the real line, and M is the sequence { xn : n ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic%20hierarchy%20process | In the theory of decision making, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), also analytical hierarchy process, is a structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions, based on mathematics and psychology. It was developed by Thomas L. Saaty in the 1970s; Saaty partnered with Ernest Forman to develop Expert... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5%CE%B1-Reductase | 5α-Reductases, also known as 3-oxo-5α-steroid 4-dehydrogenases, are enzymes involved in steroid metabolism. They participate in three metabolic pathways: bile acid biosynthesis, androgen and estrogen metabolism. There are three isozymes of 5α-reductase encoded by the genes SRD5A1, SRD5A2, and SRD5A3.
5α-Reductases ca... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional-access%20module | A conditional access module (CAM) is an electronic device, usually incorporating a slot for a smart card, which equips an integrated digital television or set-top box with the appropriate hardware facility to view conditional access content that has been encrypted using a conditional access system. They are normally us... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytochemistry | Phytochemistry is the study of phytochemicals, which are chemicals derived from plants. Phytochemists strive to describe the structures of the large number of secondary metabolites found in plants, the functions of these compounds in human and plant biology, and the biosynthesis of these compounds. Plants synthesize ph... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandelbrot%20Competition | Named in honor of Benoit Mandelbrot, the Mandelbrot Competition was a mathematics competition founded by Sam Vandervelde, Richard Rusczyk and Sandor Lehoczky that operated from 1990 to 2019. It allowed high school students to compete individually and in four-person teams.
Competition
The Mandelbrot was a "corresponden... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20link%20matching | Dynamic link matching is a graph-based system for image recognition. It uses wavelet transformations to encode incoming image data.
References
External links
Original paper on Dynamic Link Matching
Wavelets
Pattern recognition
Graph algorithms |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel%20Grossmann | Marcel Grossmann (April 9, 1878 – September 7, 1936) was a Swiss mathematician and a friend and classmate of Albert Einstein. Grossmann was a member of an old Swiss family from Zurich. His father managed a textile factory. He became a Professor of Mathematics at the Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich, today the ETH Z... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game%20Over%20%28video%20game%29 | Game Over is an action video game developed by Dinamic Software and published by Imagine Software in 1987. It was released for the Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, MSX, Thomson TO7, and ZX Spectrum. The game includes some adventure game elements. A prompted unrated sequel, Game Over II, was released in 1987.
Plot
Arkos, a ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume%20integral | In mathematics (particularly multivariable calculus), a volume integral (∭) refers to an integral over a 3-dimensional domain; that is, it is a special case of multiple integrals. Volume integrals are especially important in physics for many applications, for example, to calculate flux densities, or to calculate mass f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleomorph%2C%20anamorph%20and%20holomorph | In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota:
Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body.
Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like. When a single fungus produc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterile%20fungi | The sterile fungi, or mycelia sterilia, are a group of fungi that do not produce any known spores, either sexual or asexual. This is considered a form group, not a taxonomic division, and is used as a matter of convenience only, as various isolates within such morphotypes could include distantly related taxa or differe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20news%20gathering | Electronic news gathering (ENG) or electronic journalism (EJ) is usage of electronic video and audio technologies by reporters to gather and present news instead of using film cameras. The term was coined during the rise of videotape technology in the 1970s. ENG can involve anything from a single reporter with a singl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan%20wiring | Manhattan wiring (also known as right-angle wiring) is a technique for laying out circuits in computer engineering. Inputs to a circuit (specifically, the interconnects from the inputs) are aligned into a grid, and the circuit "taps" (connects to) them perpendicularly. This may be done either virtually or physically. T... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%20explosion | A Coulombic explosion is a condensed-matter physics process in which a molecule or crystal lattice is destroyed by the Coulombic repulsion between its constituent atoms. Coulombic explosions are a prominent technique in laser-based machining, and appear naturally in certain high-energy reactions.
Mechanism
A Coulombic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foxfire | Foxfire, also called fairy fire and chimpanzee fire, is the bioluminescence created by some species of fungi present in decaying wood. The bluish-green glow is attributed to a luciferase, an oxidative enzyme, which emits light as it reacts with a luciferin. The phenomenon has been known since ancient times, with its so... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal%20theory | In mathematics, ideal theory is the theory of ideals in commutative rings. While the notion of an ideal exists also for non-commutative rings, a much more substantial theory exists only for commutative rings (and this article therefore only considers ideals in commutative rings.)
Throughout the articles, rings refer t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20topology | Algorithmic topology, or computational topology, is a subfield of topology with an overlap with areas of computer science, in particular, computational geometry and computational complexity theory.
A primary concern of algorithmic topology, as its name suggests, is to develop efficient algorithms for solving problems ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20supply%20network | A water supply network or water supply system is a system of engineered hydrologic and hydraulic components that provide water supply. A water supply system typically includes the following:
A drainage basin (see water purification – sources of drinking water)
A raw water collection point (above or below ground) wher... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FutureGen | FutureGen was a project to demonstrate capture and sequestration of waste carbon dioxide from a coal-fired electrical generating station. The project (renamed FutureGen 2.0) was retrofitting a shuttered coal-fired power plant in Meredosia, Illinois, with oxy-combustion generators. The waste CO2 would be piped approxim... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothing-up-my-sleeve%20number | In cryptography, nothing-up-my-sleeve numbers are any numbers which, by their construction, are above suspicion of hidden properties. They are used in creating cryptographic functions such as hashes and ciphers. These algorithms often need randomized constants for mixing or initialization purposes. The cryptographer m... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OMAP | The OMAP (Open Multimedia Applications Platform) family, developed by Texas Instruments, was a series of image/video processors. They are proprietary system on chips (SoCs) for portable and mobile multimedia applications. OMAP devices generally include a general-purpose ARM architecture processor core plus one or more ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APEXC | The APE(X)C, or All Purpose Electronic (X) Computer series was designed by Andrew Donald Booth at Birkbeck College, London in the early 1950s. His work on the APE(X)C series was sponsored by the British Rayon Research Association. Although the naming conventions are slightly unclear, it seems the first model belonged... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmotic%20stress%20technique | The osmotic stress technique is a method for measuring the effect of water on biological molecules, particularly enzymes. Just as the properties of molecules can depend on the presence of salts, pH, and temperature, they can depend significantly on the amount of water present. In the osmotic stress technique, flexibl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual%20piping | Dual piping is a system of plumbing installations used to supply both potable and reclaimed water to a home or business. Under this system, two completely separate water piping systems are used to deliver water to the user. This system prevents mixing of the two water supplies, which is undesirable, since reclaimed w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee%20Felsenstein | Lee Felsenstein (born April 27, 1945) is an American computer engineer who played a central role in the development of the personal computer. He was one of the original members of the Homebrew Computer Club and the designer of the Osborne 1, the first mass-produced portable computer.
Before the Osborne, Felsenstein de... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-maskable%20interrupt | In computing, a non-maskable interrupt (NMI) is a hardware interrupt that standard interrupt-masking techniques in the system cannot ignore. It typically occurs to signal attention for non-recoverable hardware errors. Some NMIs may be masked, but only by using proprietary methods specific to the particular NMI.
An NMI... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langenberg%20transmission%20tower | The Langenberg transmission tower (also translated as "Sender Langenberg" or "Transmission Facility Langenberg") is a broadcasting station for ananlog FM Radio and Digital-TV (DVB-T2 HD) signals. It is located in Langenberg, Velbert, Germany and owned and operated by Westdeutscher Rundfunk, WDR.
The history of the tra... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%20culture | A blood culture is a medical laboratory test used to detect bacteria or fungi in a person's blood. Under normal conditions, the blood does not contain microorganisms: their presence can indicate a bloodstream infection such as bacteremia or fungemia, which in severe cases may result in sepsis. By culturing the blood, m... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20number%20generator%20attack | The security of cryptographic systems depends on some secret data that is known to authorized persons but unknown and unpredictable to others. To achieve this unpredictability, some randomization is typically employed. Modern cryptographic protocols often require frequent generation of random quantities. Cryptographic ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Yourdon | Edward Nash Yourdon (April 30, 1944 – January 20, 2016) was an American software engineer, computer consultant, author and lecturer, and software engineering methodology pioneer. He was one of the lead developers of the structured analysis techniques of the 1970s and a co-developer of both the Yourdon/Whitehead method ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MoSCoW%20method | The MoSCoW method is a prioritization technique used in management, business analysis, project management, and software development to reach a common understanding with stakeholders on the importance they place on the delivery of each requirement; it is also known as MoSCoW prioritization or MoSCoW analysis.
The term ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus%20of%20structures | The calculus of structures is a proof calculus with deep inference for studying the structural proof theory of noncommutative logic. The calculus has since been applied to study linear logic, classical logic, modal logic, and process calculi, and many benefits are claimed to follow in these investigations from the way ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep%20inference | Deep inference names a general idea in structural proof theory that breaks with the classical sequent calculus by generalising the notion of structure to permit inference to occur in contexts of high structural complexity. The term deep inference is generally reserved for proof calculi where the structural complexity ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof%20calculus | In mathematical logic, a proof calculus or a proof system is built to prove statements.
Overview
A proof system includes the components:
Formal language: The set L of formulas admitted by the system, for example, propositional logic or first-order logic.
Rules of inference: List of rules that can be employed to pro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological%20effects%20of%20biodiversity | The diversity of species and genes in ecological communities affects the functioning of these communities. These ecological effects of biodiversity in turn are affected by both climate change through enhanced greenhouse gases, aerosols and loss of land cover, and biological diversity, causing a rapid loss of biodiversi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maude%20system | The Maude system is an implementation of rewriting logic. It is similar in its general approach to Joseph Goguen's OBJ3 implementation of equational logic, but based on rewriting logic rather than order-sorted equational logic, and with a heavy emphasis on powerful metaprogramming based on reflection.
Maude is free so... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club%20set | In mathematics, particularly in mathematical logic and set theory, a club set is a subset of a limit ordinal that is closed under the order topology, and is unbounded (see below) relative to the limit ordinal. The name club is a contraction of "closed and unbounded".
Formal definition
Formally, if is a limit ordina... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mostowski%20collapse%20lemma | In mathematical logic, the Mostowski collapse lemma, also known as the Shepherdson–Mostowski collapse, is a theorem of set theory introduced by and .
Statement
Suppose that R is a binary relation on a class X such that
R is set-like: R−1[x] = {y : y R x} is a set for every x,
R is well-founded: every nonempty subset ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community%20Identification%20Number | The Official Municipality Key, formerly also known as the Official Municipality Characteristic Number or Municipality Code Number, is a number sequence for the identification of politically independent municipalities or unincorporated areas. Other classifications for the identification of areas include postal codes, N... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension%20%28topology%29 | In topology, a branch of mathematics, the suspension of a topological space X is intuitively obtained by stretching X into a cylinder and then collapsing both end faces to points. One views X as "suspended" between these end points. The suspension of X is denoted by SX or susp(X).
There is a variation of the suspensi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full%20scale | In electronics and signal processing, full scale represents the maximum amplitude a system can represent.
In digital systems, a signal is said to be at digital full scale when its magnitude has reached the maximum representable value. Once a signal has reached digital full scale, all headroom has been utilized, and an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planar%20process | The planar process is a manufacturing process used in the semiconductor industry to build individual components of a transistor, and in turn, connect those transistors together. It is the primary process by which silicon integrated circuit chips are built, and it is the most commonly used method of producing junctions ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run-time%20infrastructure%20%28simulation%29 | In simulation, run-time infrastructure (RTI) is a middleware that is required when implementing the High Level Architecture (HLA). RTI
is the fundamental component of HLA. It provides a set of software services that are necessary to support federates to coordinate their operations and data exchange during a runtime exe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web%20engineering | The World Wide Web has become a major delivery platform for a variety of complex and sophisticated enterprise applications in several domains. In addition to their inherent multifaceted functionality, these Web applications exhibit complex behaviour and place some unique demands on their usability, performance, securit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermionic%20converter | A thermionic converter consists of a hot electrode which thermionically emits electrons over a potential energy barrier to a cooler electrode, producing a useful electric power output. Caesium vapor is used to optimize the electrode work functions and provide an ion supply (by surface ionization or electron impact ioni... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical-mechanical%20polishing | Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) or planarization is a process of smoothing surfaces with the combination of chemical and mechanical forces. It can be thought of as a hybrid of chemical etching and free abrasive polishing.
Description
The process uses an abrasive and corrosive chemical slurry (commonly a colloid) ... |
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