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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice%20user%20interface | A voice-user interface (VUI) enables spoken human interaction with computers, using speech recognition to understand spoken commands and answer questions, and typically text to speech to play a reply. A voice command device is a device controlled with a voice user interface.
Voice user interfaces have been added to au... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicategory | In mathematics (especially category theory), a multicategory is a generalization of the concept of category that allows morphisms of multiple arity. If morphisms in a category are viewed as analogous to functions, then morphisms in a multicategory are analogous to functions of several variables. Multicategories are als... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INMOS%20G364%20framebuffer | The G364 framebuffer was a line of graphics adapters using the SGS Thomson INMOS G364 colour video controller, produced by INMOS (known for their transputer and eventually acquired by SGS Thomson and incorporated into STMicroelectronics) in the early 1990s. The G364 included a RAMDAC and a 64-bit interface to VRAM gra... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent%20file%20distribution%20protocol | Coherent File Distribution Protocol (CFDP) is an IETF-documented experimental protocol intended for high-speed one-to-many file transfers. Class 1 is assured delivery, class 2 is blind unassured delivery.
References
Network file systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GameTap | GameTap was an online video game service established by Turner Broadcasting System (TBS) in 2006. It provided users with classic arcade video games and game-related video content. The service was acquired by French online video game service Metaboli in 2008 as a wholly owned subsidiary; Metaboli aiming to create a glob... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR | CRISPR () (an acronym for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a family of DNA sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea. These sequences are derived from DNA fragments of bacteriophages that had previously infected the prokaryote. They are used to det... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermochromic%20ink | Thermochromic ink (also called thermochromatic ink) is a type of dye that changes color when temperatures increase or decrease. Often used in the manufacture of many toys or product packaging, as well as thermometers. Thermochromic ink can also turn transparent when heat is applied; an example of this type of thermochr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steenrod%20algebra | In algebraic topology, a Steenrod algebra was defined by to be the algebra of stable cohomology operations for mod cohomology.
For a given prime number , the Steenrod algebra is the graded Hopf algebra over the field of order , consisting of all stable cohomology operations for mod cohomology. It is generated by ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrobiology | Hydrobiology is the science of life and life processes in water. Much of modern hydrobiology can be viewed as a sub-discipline of ecology but the sphere of hydrobiology includes taxonomy, economic and industrial biology, morphology, and physiology. The one distinguishing aspect is that all fields relate to aquatic orga... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20Interactive%20Television%20Box | The Apple Interactive Television Box (AITB) is a television set-top box developed by Apple Computer (now Apple Inc.) in partnership with a number of global telecommunications firms, including British Telecom and Belgacom. Prototypes of the unit were deployed at large test markets in parts of the United States and Europ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Change%20of%20variables | In mathematics, a change of variables is a basic technique used to simplify problems in which the original variables are replaced with functions of other variables. The intent is that when expressed in new variables, the problem may become simpler, or equivalent to a better understood problem.
Change of variables is a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many-to-many | Many-to-many communication occurs when information is shared between groups. Members of a group receive information from multiple senders.
Wikis are a type of many-to-many communication, where multiple editors collaborate to create content that is disseminated among a wide audience. Video conferencing, online gaming, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime%20Web%20Turnpike | Anime Web Turnpike (also known as Anipike) was a web directory founded in August 1995 by Jay Fubler Harvey. It served as a large database of links to various anime and manga websites. With well over 40,000 links, it had one of the largest organized collection of anime and manga related links. Users could add their own ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portastudio | The TASCAM Portastudio was the first four-track recorder based on a standard compact audio cassette tape. The term portastudio is exclusive to TASCAM, though it is generally used to describe all self-contained cassette-based multitrack recorders dedicated to music production. The Portastudio, and particularly its first... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viridos%20%28company%29 | In September 2021, Synthetic Genomics Inc. (SGI), a private company located in La Jolla, California, changed its name to Viridos. The company is focused on the field of synthetic biology, especially harnessing photosynthesis with micro algae to create alternatives to fossil fuels. Viridos designs and builds biological... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point%20process | In statistics and probability theory, a point process or point field is a collection of mathematical points randomly located on a mathematical space such as the real line or Euclidean space.
Point processes can be used for spatial data analysis, which is of interest in such diverse disciplines as forestry, plant ecolog... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariants%20of%20tensors | In mathematics, in the fields of multilinear algebra and representation theory, the principal invariants of the second rank tensor are the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial
,
where is the identity operator and represent the polynomial's eigenvalues.
More broadly, any scalar-valued function is an inva... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial%20ecology | Spatial ecology studies the ultimate distributional or spatial unit occupied by a species. In a particular habitat shared by several species, each of the species is usually confined to its own microhabitat or spatial niche because two species in the same general territory cannot usually occupy the same ecological nich... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20universe%20hypothesis | In physics and cosmology, the mathematical universe hypothesis (MUH), also known as the ultimate ensemble theory, is a speculative "theory of everything" (TOE) proposed by cosmologist Max Tegmark.
Description
Tegmark's MUH is the hypothesis that our external physical reality is a mathematical structure. That is, the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniformization%20%28set%20theory%29 | In set theory, a branch of mathematics, the axiom of uniformization is a weak form of the axiom of choice. It states that if is a subset of , where and are Polish spaces, then there is a subset of that is a partial function from to , and whose domain (the set of all such that exists) equals
Such a function is... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum%20replacement | Drum replacement is the practice, in modern music production, of an engineer or producer recording a live drummer and replacing (or adding to) the sound of a particular drum with a pre-recorded sample. For example, a drummer might play a beat, whereupon the engineer might then replace all of the snare hits with the sou... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ride%20height | Ride height or ground clearance is the amount of space between the base of an automobile tire and the lowest point of the automobile (typically the axle); or, more properly, to the shortest distance between a flat, level surface, and the lowest part of a vehicle other than those parts designed to contact the ground (su... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Hobbit%20%281982%20video%20game%29 | The Hobbit is an illustrated text adventure computer game released in 1982 for the ZX Spectrum home computer and based on the 1937 book The Hobbit, by J. R. R. Tolkien. It was developed at Beam Software by Philip Mitchell and Veronika Megler and published by Melbourne House. It was later converted to most home computer... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20delay%20and%20integration | A time delay and integration or time delay integration (TDI) charge-coupled device (CCD) is an image sensor for capturing images of moving objects at low light levels. While using similar underlying CCD technology, in operation it contrasts with staring arrays and line scanned arrays. It works by synchronized mechanica... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUSASINO-1 | The MUSASINO-1 was one of the earliest electronic digital computers built in Japan. Construction started at the Electrical Communication Laboratories of NTT at Musashino, Tokyo in 1952 and was completed in July 1957. The computer was used until July 1962. Saburo Muroga, a University of Illinois visiting scholar and mem... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknisk%20Ukeblad | Teknisk Ukeblad (TU, ) is a Norwegian engineering magazine. The magazine has its headquarters in Oslo, Norway.
History and profile
TU has appeared weekly since 13 April 1883 and was published by Ingeniørforlaget, now Teknisk Ukeblad Media jointly owned by three national professional associations of engineers and archi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantifier%20elimination | Quantifier elimination is a concept of simplification used in mathematical logic, model theory, and theoretical computer science. Informally, a quantified statement " such that " can be viewed as a question "When is there an such that ?", and the statement without quantifiers can be viewed as the answer to that questi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting%20quantification | A counting quantifier is a mathematical term for a quantifier of the form "there exists at least k elements that satisfy property X".
In first-order logic with equality, counting quantifiers can be defined in terms of ordinary quantifiers, so in this context they are a notational shorthand.
However, they are interestin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGPfone | PGPfone was a secure voice telephony system developed by Philip Zimmermann in 1995. The PGPfone protocol had little in common with Zimmermann's popular PGP email encryption package, except for the use of the name. It used ephemeral Diffie-Hellman protocol to establish a session key, which was then used to encrypt the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative%20stress | Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage. Disturbances in the normal redox state of cells can cause toxic effects through the production of perox... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SipXecs | SipXecs is a free software enterprise communications system. It was initially developed by Pingtel Corporation in 2003 as a voice over IP telephony server located in Boston, MA. The server was later extended with additional collaboration capabilities as part of the SIPfoundry project. Since its extension, sipXecs now a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal%27s%20simplex | In mathematics, Pascal's simplex is a generalisation of Pascal's triangle into arbitrary number of dimensions, based on the multinomial theorem.
Generic Pascal's m-simplex
Let m (m > 0) be a number of terms of a polynomial and n (n ≥ 0) be a power the polynomial is raised to.
Let denote a Pascal's m-simplex. Each P... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer%20overflow | In computer programming, an integer overflow occurs when an arithmetic operation attempts to create a numeric value that is outside of the range that can be represented with a given number of digits – either higher than the maximum or lower than the minimum representable value.
The most common result of an overflow is... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeRTOS | FreeRTOS is a real-time operating system kernel for embedded devices that has been ported to 35 microcontroller platforms. It is distributed under the MIT License.
History
The FreeRTOS kernel was originally developed by Richard Barry around 2003, and was later developed and maintained by Barry's company, Real Time En... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-knowledge%20password%20proof | In cryptography, a zero-knowledge password proof (ZKPP) is a type of zero-knowledge proof that allows one party (the prover) to prove to another party (the verifier) that it knows a value of a password, without revealing anything other than the fact that it knows the password to the verifier. The term is defined in IEE... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiisomorphism | In category theory, a branch of mathematics, an antiisomorphism (or anti-isomorphism) between structured sets A and B is an isomorphism from A to the opposite of B (or equivalently from the opposite of A to B). If there exists an antiisomorphism between two structures, they are said to be antiisomorphic.
Intuitively, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinfectant%20%28software%29 | Disinfectant was a popular antivirus software program for the classic Mac OS. It was originally released as freeware by John Norstad in the spring of 1989. Disinfectant featured a system extension that would detect virus infections and an application with which users could scan for and remove viruses. New versions of D... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password-authenticated%20key%20agreement | In cryptography, a password-authenticated key agreement method is an interactive method for two or more parties to establish cryptographic keys based on one or more party's knowledge of a password.
An important property is that an eavesdropper or man-in-the-middle cannot obtain enough information to be able to brute-f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masahiko%20Fujiwara | Masahiko Fujiwara (Japanese: 藤原 正彦 Fujiwara Masahiko; born July 9, 1943, in Shinkyo, Manchukuo) is a Japanese mathematician and writer who is known for his book The Dignity of the Nation. He is a professor emeritus at Ochanomizu University.
Biography
Masahiko Fujiwara is the son of Jirō Nitta and Tei Fujiwara, who wer... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflector%20%28antenna%29 | An antenna reflector is a device that reflects electromagnetic waves. Antenna reflectors can exist as a standalone device for redirecting radio frequency (RF) energy, or can be integrated as part of an antenna assembly.
Standalone reflectors
The function of a standalone reflector is to redirect electromagnetic (EM) ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanobiotechnology | Nanobiotechnology, bionanotechnology, and nanobiology are terms that refer to the intersection of nanotechnology and biology. Given that the subject is one that has only emerged very recently, bionanotechnology and nanobiotechnology serve as blanket terms for various related technologies.
This discipline helps to indi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic%20Adventure | is a video game developed by Konami in 1983 for the MSX, and later for video game consoles, such as NES and ColecoVision. The player takes the role of an Antarctic penguin, racing to various research stations owned by different countries in Antarctica (excluding the USSR).
The gameplay is similar to Sega's Turbo, but ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention%20basin | A detention basin or retarding basin is an excavated area installed on, or adjacent to, tributaries of rivers, streams, lakes or bays to protect against flooding and, in some cases, downstream erosion by storing water for a limited period of time. These basins are also called dry ponds, holding ponds or dry detention b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dovecot%20%28software%29 | Dovecot is an open-source IMAP and POP3 server for Unix-like operating systems, written primarily with security in mind. Timo Sirainen originated Dovecot and first released it in July 2002. Dovecot developers primarily aim to produce a lightweight, fast and easy-to-set-up open-source email server.
The primary purpose ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20hash%20functions | This is a list of hash functions, including cyclic redundancy checks, checksum functions, and cryptographic hash functions.
Cyclic redundancy checks
Adler-32 is often mistaken for a CRC, but it is not: it is a checksum.
Checksums
Universal hash function families
Non-cryptographic hash functions
Keyed cryptographi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile%20phone%20feature | A mobile phone feature is a capability, service, or application that a mobile phone offers to its users. Mobile phones are often referred to as feature phones, and offer basic telephony. Handsets with more advanced computing ability through the use of native code try to differentiate their own products by implementing ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolby%20Digital%20Plus | Dolby Digital Plus, also known as Enhanced AC-3 (and commonly abbreviated as DDP, DD+, E-AC-3 or EC-3), is a digital audio compression scheme developed by Dolby Labs for the transport and storage of multi-channel digital audio. It is a successor to Dolby Digital (AC-3), and has a number of improvements over that codec,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delay-insensitive%20minterm%20synthesis | Within digital electronics, the DIMS (delay-insensitive minterm synthesis) system is an asynchronous design methodology making the least possible timing assumptions. Assuming only the quasi-delay-insensitive delay model the generated designs need little if any timing hazard testing. The basis for DIMS is the use of two... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20Algebraic%20Specification%20Language | The Common Algebraic Specification Language (CASL) is a general-purpose specification language based on first-order logic with induction. Partial functions and subsorting are also supported.
Overview
CASL has been designed by CoFI, the Common Framework Initiative (CoFI), with the aim to subsume many existing specifica... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institution%20%28computer%20science%29 | The notion of institution was created by Joseph Goguen and Rod Burstall in the late 1970s, in order to deal with the "population explosion among the logical systems used in computer science". The notion attempts to "formalize the informal" concept of logical system.
The use of institutions makes it possible to develo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARID | MARID was an IETF working group in the applications area tasked to propose standards for email authentication in 2004. The name is an acronym of MTA Authorization Records In DNS.
Background
Lightweight MTA Authentication Protocol (LMAP) was a generic name for a set of 'designated sender' proposals that were discussed ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterwolf | Waterwolf, or Water-wolf is a Dutch word that comes from the Netherlands, which refers to the tendency of lakes in low lying peaty land, sometimes previously worn-down by men digging peat for fuel, to enlarge or expand by flooding, thus eroding the lake shores, and potentially causing harm to infrastructure, or death. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-money | T-money is a rechargeable series of smart cards and other "smart" devices used for paying transportation fares in and around Seoul and other areas of South Korea. T-money can also be used in lieu of cash or credit cards in some convenience stores and other businesses. The T-money System has been implemented and is bein... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credential | A credential is a piece of any document that details a qualification, competence, or authority issued to an individual by a third party with a relevant or de facto authority or assumed competence to do so.
Examples of credentials include academic diplomas, academic degrees, certifications, security clearances, identif... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20bookmark | Smart bookmarks are an extended kind of Internet bookmark used in web browsers. By accepting an argument, they directly give access to functions of web sites, as opposed to filling web forms at the respective web site for accessing these functions. Smart bookmarks can be used for web searches, or access to data on web ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-event%20upset | A single-event upset (SEU), also known as a single-event error (SEE), is a change of state caused by one single ionizing particle (ions, electrons, photons...) striking a sensitive node in a live micro-electronic device, such as in a microprocessor, semiconductor memory, or power transistors. The state change is a resu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation%20%28magnetic%29 | Seen in some magnetic materials, saturation is the state reached when an increase in applied external magnetic field H cannot increase the magnetization of the material further, so the total magnetic flux density B more or less levels off. (Though, magnetization continues to increase very slowly with the field due to p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewilding | Rewilding may refer to:
Rewilding (conservation biology), the return of habitats to a natural state
Rewilding Europe, a programme to do so in Europe
Pleistocene rewilding, a form of species reintroduction
Rewilding Institute, an organization concerned with the integration of traditional wildlife and wildlands conserv... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FUJIC | FUJIC was the first electronic digital computer in operation in Japan. It was finished in March 1956, the project having been effectively started in 1949, and was built almost entirely by Dr. Okazaki Bunji. Originally designed to perform calculations for lens design by Fuji, the ultimate goal of FUJIC's construction wa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20recovery | In computing, data recovery is a process of retrieving deleted, inaccessible, lost, corrupted, damaged, or formatted data from secondary storage, removable media or files, when the data stored in them cannot be accessed in a usual way. The data is most often salvaged from storage media such as internal or external har... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native%20resolution | The native resolution of an liquid crystal display (LCD), liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) or other flat panel display refers to its single fixed resolution. As an LCD consists of a fixed raster, it cannot change resolution to match the signal being displayed as a cathode-ray tube (CRT) monitor can, meaning that optima... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BartPE | BartPE (Bart's Preinstalled Environment) is a discontinued tool that customizes Windows XP or Windows Server 2003 into a lightweight environment, similar to Windows Preinstallation Environment, which could be run from a Live CD or Live USB drive. A BartPE system image is created using PE Builder, a freeware program cre... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamical%20billiards | A dynamical billiard is a dynamical system in which a particle alternates between free motion (typically as a straight line) and specular reflections from a boundary. When the particle hits the boundary it reflects from it without loss of speed (i.e. elastic collisions). Billiards are Hamiltonian idealizations of the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross%20Cave | Cross Cave (, ), also named Cold Cave under Cross Mountain (), is a cave in Slovenia's Lož Valley, in the area between the Lož Karst Field, Cerknica Karst Field, and Bloke Plateau. The cave is named after nearby Holy Cross Church in Podlož. The cave is particularly noted among Karst caves for its chain of over 45 subte... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenvalues%20and%20eigenvectors | In linear algebra, an eigenvector () or characteristic vector of a linear transformation is a nonzero vector that changes at most by a constant factor when that linear transformation is applied to it. The corresponding eigenvalue, often represented by , is the multiplying factor.
Geometrically, a transformation matrix... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan%20tan%20tethera | Yan Tan Tethera or yan-tan-tethera is a sheep-counting system traditionally used by shepherds in Northern England and some other parts of Britain. The words are numbers taken from Brythonic Celtic languages such as Cumbric which had died out in most of Northern England by the sixth century, but they were commonly used ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose%20oil | Rose oil (rose otto, attar of rose, attar of roses, or rose essence) is the essential oil extracted from the petals of various types of rose. Rose ottos are extracted through steam distillation, while rose absolutes are obtained through solvent extraction, the absolute being used more commonly in perfumery. The product... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padovan%20sequence | In number theory, the Padovan sequence is the sequence of integers P(n) defined by the initial values
and the recurrence relation
The first few values of P(n) are
1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12, 16, 21, 28, 37, 49, 65, 86, 114, 151, 200, 265, ...
A Padovan prime is a Padovan number that is prime. The first Padov... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%E2%80%93protein%20interaction | Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules as a result of biochemical events steered by interactions that include electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding and the hydrophobic effect. Many are physical contacts with molecular associations... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20predisposition | A genetic predisposition is a genetic characteristic which influences the possible phenotypic development of an individual organism within a species or population under the influence of environmental conditions. In medicine, genetic susceptibility to a disease refers to a genetic predisposition to a health problem, whi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid%20thermal%20processing | Rapid thermal processing (RTP) is a semiconductor manufacturing process which heats silicon wafers to temperatures exceeding 1,000°C for not more than a few seconds. During cooling wafer temperatures must be brought down slowly to prevent dislocations and wafer breakage due to thermal shock. Such rapid heating rates a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitachi%20Flora%20Prius | The Hitachi Flora Prius was a range of personal computers marketed in Japan by Hitachi, Ltd. during the late 1990s.
The Flora Prius was preinstalled with both Microsoft Windows 98 as well as BeOS. It did not, however, have a dual-boot option as Microsoft reminded Hitachi of the terms of the Windows OEM license. In ef... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile%20manufacturing | Textile manufacturing (or textile engineering) is a major industry. It is largely based on the conversion of fibre into yarn, then yarn into fabric. These are then dyed or printed, fabricated into cloth which is then converted into useful goods such as clothing, household items, upholstery and various industrial produc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Jim%20Rome%20Show | The Jim Rome Show is a sports radio talk show hosted by Jim Rome. It airs live for three hours each weekday from 9 a.m. to noon Pacific Time. The show is produced in Los Angeles, syndicated by CBS Sports Radio, and can be heard on affiliate radio stations in the U.S. and Canada. In January 2018, the show began simulcas... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20plant%20communities%20in%20the%20British%20National%20Vegetation%20Classification | The following is the list of the 286 plant communities which comprise the British National Vegetation Classification (NVC). These are grouped by major habitat category, as used in the five volumes of British Plant Communities, the standard work describing the NVC.
Woodland and scrub communities
The following 25 comm... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieve%20%28category%20theory%29 | In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a sieve is a way of choosing arrows with a common codomain. It is a categorical analogue of a collection of open subsets of a fixed open set in topology. In a Grothendieck topology, certain sieves become categorical analogues of open covers in topology. Sieves were introdu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stable%20storage | Stable storage is a classification of computer data storage technology that guarantees atomicity for any given write operation and allows software to be written that is robust against some hardware and power failures. To be considered atomic, upon reading back a just written-to portion of the disk, the storage subsyste... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peaucellier%E2%80%93Lipkin%20linkage | The Peaucellier–Lipkin linkage (or Peaucellier–Lipkin cell, or Peaucellier–Lipkin inversor), invented in 1864, was the first true planar straight line mechanism – the first planar linkage capable of transforming rotary motion into perfect straight-line motion, and vice versa. It is named after Charles-Nicolas Peaucelli... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellomics | Cellomics is the discipline of quantitative cell analysis using bioimaging methods and informatics with a workflow involving three major components: image acquisition, image analysis, and data visualization and management. These processes are generally automated. All three of these components depend on sophisticated so... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20B%20videotape | 1–inch type B VTR (designated Type B by SMPTE) is a reel-to-reel analog recording video tape format developed by the Bosch Fernseh division of Bosch in Germany in 1976. The magnetic tape format became the broadcasting standard in continental Europe, but adoption was limited in the United States and United Kingdom, wher... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bottle%20Imp | "The Bottle Imp" is an 1891 short story by the Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson usually found in the short story collection Island Nights' Entertainments. It was first published in the New York Herald (February–March 1891) and Black and White London (March–April 1891). In it, the protagonist buys a bottle with a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%27s%20twelfth%20problem | Hilbert's twelfth problem is the extension of the Kronecker–Weber theorem on abelian extensions of the rational numbers, to any base number field. It is one of the 23 mathematical Hilbert problems and asks for analogues of the roots of unity that generate a whole family of further number fields, analogously to the cycl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathemagician | A mathemagician is a mathematician who is also a magician. The term "mathemagic" is believed to have been introduced by Royal Vale Heath with his 1933 book "Mathemagic".
The name "mathemagician" was probably first applied to Martin Gardner, but has since been used to describe many mathematician/magicians, including A... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homological%20mirror%20symmetry | Homological mirror symmetry is a mathematical conjecture made by Maxim Kontsevich. It seeks a systematic mathematical explanation for a phenomenon called mirror symmetry first observed by physicists studying string theory.
History
In an address to the 1994 International Congress of Mathematicians in Zürich, speculat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dip-pen%20nanolithography | Dip pen nanolithography (DPN) is a scanning probe lithography technique where an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip is used to create patterns directly on a range of substances with a variety of inks. A common example of this technique is exemplified by the use of alkane thiolates to imprint onto a gold surface. This t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth-value%20semantics | In formal semantics, truth-value semantics is an alternative to Tarskian semantics. It has been primarily championed by Ruth Barcan Marcus, H. Leblanc, and J. Michael Dunn and Nuel Belnap. It is also called the substitution interpretation (of the quantifiers) or substitutional quantification.
The idea of these semanti... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel%20extraction | In molecular biology, gel extraction or gel isolation is a technique used to isolate a desired fragment of intact DNA from an agarose gel following agarose gel electrophoresis. After extraction, fragments of interest can be mixed, precipitated, and enzymatically ligated together in several simple steps. This process, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snag%20%28ecology%29 | In forest ecology, a snag refers to a standing, dead or dying tree, often missing a top or most of the smaller branches. In freshwater ecology it refers to trees, branches, and other pieces of naturally occurring wood found sunken in rivers and streams; it is also known as coarse woody debris. Snags provide habitat for... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Kailath | Thomas Kailath (born June 7, 1935) is an Indian born American electrical engineer, information theorist, control engineer, entrepreneur and the Hitachi America Professor of Engineering emeritus at Stanford University. Professor Kailath has authored several books, including the well-known book Linear Systems, which rank... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty%20domain | In first-order logic the empty domain is the empty set having no members. In traditional and classical logic domains are restrictedly non-empty in order that certain theorems be valid. Interpretations with an empty domain are shown to be a trivial case by a convention originating at least in 1927 with Bernays and Schön... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class-D%20amplifier | A class-D amplifier or switching amplifier is an electronic amplifier in which the amplifying devices (transistors, usually MOSFETs) operate as electronic switches, and not as linear gain devices as in other amplifiers. They operate by rapidly switching back and forth between the supply rails, using pulse-width modula... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell%20Eco-marathon | Shell Eco-marathon is a world-wide energy efficiency competition sponsored by Shell. Participants build automotive vehicles to achieve the highest possible fuel efficiency. There are two vehicle classes within Shell Eco-marathon: Prototype and UrbanConcept. There are three energy categories within Shell Eco-marathon: b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meibomian%20gland | Meibomian glands (also called tarsal glands, palpebral glands, and tarsoconjunctival glands) are sebaceous glands along the rims of the eyelid inside the tarsal plate. They produce meibum, an oily substance that prevents evaporation of the eye's tear film. Meibum prevents tears from spilling onto the cheek, traps the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20multipathing | In computer data storage technology field, dynamic multipathing (DMP) is a multipath I/O enhancement technique that balances input/output (I/O) across many available paths from the computer to the storage device to improve performance and availability. The name was introduced with Veritas Volume Manager software.
The ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vital%20rates | Vital rates refer to how fast vital statistics change in a population (usually measured per 1000 individuals). There are 2 categories within vital rates: crude rates and refined rates.
Crude rates measure vital statistics in a general population (overall change in births and deaths per 1000).
Refined rates measure th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash%20pasteurization | Flash pasteurization, also called "high-temperature short-time" (HTST) processing, is a method of heat pasteurization of perishable beverages like fruit and vegetable juices, beer, wine, and some dairy products such as milk. Compared with other pasteurization processes, it maintains color and flavor better, but some ch... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-algebra | In mathematics, specifically in category theory, F-algebras generalize the notion of algebraic structure. Rewriting the algebraic laws in terms of morphisms eliminates all references to quantified elements from the axioms, and these algebraic laws may then be glued together in terms of a single functor F, the signature... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password-based%20cryptography | Password-based cryptography generally refers to two distinct classes of methods:
Single-party methods
Multi-party methods
Single party methods
Some systems attempt to derive a cryptographic key directly from a password. However, such practice is generally ill-advised when there is a threat of brute-force attack. Tech... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset%20allocation | Asset allocation is the implementation of an investment strategy that attempts to balance risk versus reward by adjusting the percentage of each asset in an investment portfolio according to the investor's risk tolerance, goals and investment time frame. The focus is on the characteristics of the overall portfolio. Su... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homochirality | Homochirality is a uniformity of chirality, or handedness. Objects are chiral when they cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, the left and right hands of a human are approximately mirror images of each other but are not their own mirror images, so they are chiral. In biology, 19 of the 20 natural am... |
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