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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential%20infimum%20and%20essential%20supremum
In mathematics, the concepts of essential infimum and essential supremum are related to the notions of infimum and supremum, but adapted to measure theory and functional analysis, where one often deals with statements that are not valid for all elements in a set, but rather almost everywhere, that is, except on a set o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E4M
Encryption for the Masses (E4M) is a free disk encryption software for Windows NT and Windows 9x families of operating systems. E4M is discontinued; it is no longer maintained. Its author, former criminal cartel boss Paul Le Roux, joined Shaun Hollingworth (the author of the Scramdisk) to produce the commercial encryp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeolite%20facies
Zeolite facies describes the mineral assemblage resulting from the pressure and temperature conditions of low-grade metamorphism. The zeolite facies is generally considered to be transitional between diagenetic processes which turn sediments into sedimentary rocks, and prehnite-pumpellyite facies, which is a hallmark ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster%20interrupt
A raster interrupt (also called a horizontal blank interrupt) is an interrupt signal in a legacy computer system which is used for display timing. It is usually, though not always, generated by a system's graphics chip as the scan lines of a frame are being readied to send to the monitor for display. The most basic imp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphaerobacter
Sphaerobacter is a genus of bacteria. When originally described it was placed in its own subclass (Spahaerobacteridae) within the class Actinomycetota. Subsequently, phylogenetic studies have now placed it in its own order Sphaerobacterales within the phylum Thermomicrobiota. Up to now there is only one species of this...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20der%20Corput%20sequence
A van der Corput sequence is an example of the simplest one-dimensional low-discrepancy sequence over the unit interval; it was first described in 1935 by the Dutch mathematician J. G. van der Corput. It is constructed by reversing the base-n representation of the sequence of natural numbers (1, 2, 3, …). The -ary r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDS%20940
The SDS 940 was Scientific Data Systems' (SDS) first machine designed to directly support time-sharing. The 940 was based on the SDS 930's 24-bit CPU, with additional circuitry to provide protected memory and virtual memory. It was announced in February 1966 and shipped in April, becoming a major part of Tymshare's ex...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratchet%20effect
A ratchet effect is an instance of the restrained ability of human processes to be reversed once a specific thing has happened, analogous with the mechanical ratchet that holds the spring tight as a clock is wound up. It is related to the phenomena of featuritis and scope creep in the manufacture of various consumer go...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted%20Execution%20Technology
Intel Trusted Execution Technology (Intel TXT, formerly known as LaGrande Technology) is a computer hardware technology of which the primary goals are: Attestation of the authenticity of a platform and its operating system. Assuring that an authentic operating system starts in a trusted environment, which can then b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OGDL
OGDL (Ordered Graph Data Language), is a "structured textual format that represents information in the form of graphs, where the nodes are strings and the arcs or edges are spaces or indentation." Like XML, but unlike JSON and YAML, OGDL includes a schema notation and path traversal notation. There is also a binary r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell-tale%20%28automotive%29
A tell-tale, sometimes called an idiot light or warning light, is an indicator of malfunction or operation of a system, indicated by a binary (on/off) illuminated light, symbol or text legend. The "idiot light" terminology arises from popular frustration with automakers' use of lights for crucial functions which could...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT%26T%20Technologies
AT&T Technologies, Inc., was created by AT&T in 1983 in preparation for the breakup of the Bell System, which became effective as of January 1, 1984. It assumed the corporate charter of Western Electric Co., Inc. History Creation AT&T (originally American Telephone and Telegraph Company), after divesting ownership ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infradian%20rhythm
In chronobiology, an infradian rhythm is a rhythm with a period longer than the period of a circadian rhythm, i.e., with a frequency of less than one cycle in 24 hours. Some examples of infradian rhythms in mammals include menstruation, breeding, migration, hibernation, molting and fur or hair growth, and tidal or seas...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecher%20line
In electronics, a Lecher line or Lecher wires is a pair of parallel wires or rods that were used to measure the wavelength of radio waves, mainly at VHF, UHF and microwave frequencies. They form a short length of balanced transmission line (a resonant stub). When attached to a source of radio-frequency power such as a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-order%20arithmetic
In mathematical logic, second-order arithmetic is a collection of axiomatic systems that formalize the natural numbers and their subsets. It is an alternative to axiomatic set theory as a foundation for much, but not all, of mathematics. A precursor to second-order arithmetic that involves third-order parameters was i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serous%20fluid
In physiology, serous fluid or serosal fluid (originating from the Medieval Latin word serosus, from Latin serum) is any of various body fluids resembling serum, that are typically pale yellow or transparent and of a benign nature. The fluid fills the inside of body cavities. Serous fluid originates from serous glands,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen%20Cart
Zen Cart is an online store management system. It is PHP-based, using a MySQL database and HTML components. Support is provided for numerous languages and currencies, and it is freely available under the GNU General Public License. History Zen Cart is a software fork that branched from osCommerce in 2003. Beyond some ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kato%27s%20conjecture
Kato's conjecture is a mathematical problem named after mathematician Tosio Kato, of the University of California, Berkeley. Kato initially posed the problem in 1953. Kato asked whether the square roots of certain elliptic operators, defined via functional calculus, are analytic. The full statement of the conjecture a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business%20process%20interoperability
Business process interoperability (BPI) is a property referring to the ability of diverse business processes to work together, to so called "inter-operate". It is a state that exists when a business process can meet a specific objective automatically utilizing essential human labor only. Typically, BPI is present when ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Remsen%20Hutton
Frederick Remsen Hutton, M.E., Sc.D. (1853 – New York City May 14, 1918) was an American mechanical engineer, consulting engineer, educator, editor of the Engineering Magazine and president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in the year 1907–08. Biography Hutton was born in New York City, graduated from...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacheometry
Tacheometry (; from Greek for "quick measure") is a system of rapid surveying, by which the horizontal and vertical positions of points on the earth's surface relative to one another are determined without using a chain or tape, or a separate levelling instrument. Instead of the pole normally employed to mark a point, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAN%20messenger
A LAN Messenger is an instant messaging program for computers designed for use within a single local area network (LAN). Many LAN Messengers offer basics functionality for sending private messages, file transfer, chatrooms and graphical smileys. The advantage of using a simple LAN messenger over a normal instant messe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge%20amplifier
A charge amplifier is an electronic current integrator that produces a voltage output proportional to the integrated value of the input current, or the total charge injected. The amplifier offsets the input current using a feedback reference capacitor, and produces an output voltage inversely proportional to the valu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VisSim
VisSim is a visual block diagram program for simulation of dynamical systems and model-based design of embedded systems, with its own visual language. It is developed by Visual Solutions of Westford, Massachusetts. Visual Solutions was acquired by Altair in August 2014 and its products have been rebranded as Altair Emb...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctured%20code
In coding theory, puncturing is the process of removing some of the parity bits after encoding with an error-correction code. This has the same effect as encoding with an error-correction code with a higher rate, or less redundancy. However, with puncturing the same decoder can be used regardless of how many bits hav...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20transmitter%20design
A radio transmitter or just transmitter is an electronic device which produces radio waves with an antenna. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies between about 30 Hz and 300 GHz. The transmitter itself generates a radio frequency alternating current, which is applied to the antenna. When excited by th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI%20winter
In the history of artificial intelligence, an AI winter is a period of reduced funding and interest in artificial intelligence research. The field has experienced several hype cycles, followed by disappointment and criticism, followed by funding cuts, followed by renewed interest years or even decades later. The term...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLSI%20Project
The VLSI Project was a DARPA-program initiated by Robert Kahn in 1978 that provided research funding to a wide variety of university-based teams in an effort to improve the state of the art in microprocessor design, then known as Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI). The VLSI Project is one of the most influential rese...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20MIPS
MIPS, an acronym for Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages, was a research project conducted by John L. Hennessy at Stanford University between 1981 and 1984. MIPS investigated a type of instruction set architecture (ISA) now called reduced instruction set computer (RISC), its implementation as a microproc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Alan%20Hazeltine
Louis Alan Hazeltine (August 7, 1886 – May 24, 1964) was an engineer and physicist, the inventor of the Neutrodyne circuit, and the Hazeltine-Fremodyne Superregenerative circuit. He was the founder of the Hazeltine Corporation. Biography Louis Alan Hazeltine was born in Morristown, New Jersey, in 1886 and attended th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMedicine
eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base founded in 1996 by doctors Scott Plantz and Jonathan Adler, and computer engineer Jeffrey Berezin. The eMedicine website consists of approximately 6,800 medical topic review articles, each of which is associated with a clinical subspecialty "textbook". The knowled...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layer%20four%20traceroute
Layer Four Traceroute (LFT) is a fast, multi-protocol traceroute engine, that also implements numerous other features including AS number lookups through regional Internet registries and other reliable sources, Loose Source Routing, firewall and load balancer detection, etc. LFT is best known for its use by network sec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1mdc
1mdc was a digital gold currency (DGC) that existed from 2001 to 2007 in which users traded digital currency backed by reserves of e-gold, rather than physical bullion reserves. The website appeared to switch between various offshore hosting locations, and used software designed by Interesting Software Ltd, an Anguill...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise%20control
Noise control or noise mitigation is a set of strategies to reduce noise pollution or to reduce the impact of that noise, whether outdoors or indoors. Overview The main areas of noise mitigation or abatement are: transportation noise control, architectural design, urban planning through zoning codes, and occupational ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20cancer%20mortality%20rates%20in%20the%20United%20States
Cancer mortality rates are determined by the complex relationship of a population's health and lifestyle with their healthcare system. In the United States during 2013–2017, the age-adjusted mortality rate for all types of cancer was 189.5/100,000 for males, and 135.7/100,000 for females. Below is an incomplete list o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensoniq%20AudioPCI
The Ensoniq AudioPCI is a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)-based sound card released in 1997. It was Ensoniq's last sound card product before they were acquired by Creative Technology. The card represented a shift in Ensoniq's market positioning. Whereas the Soundscape line had been made up primarily of low-volu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine%20engineering
Marine engineering is the engineering of boats, ships, submarines, and any other marine vessel. Here it is also taken to include the engineering of other ocean systems and structures – referred to in certain academic and professional circles as “ocean engineering.” Marine engineering applies a number of engineering sc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20permutation%20topics
This is a list of topics on mathematical permutations. Particular kinds of permutations Alternating permutation Circular shift Cyclic permutation Derangement Even and odd permutations—see Parity of a permutation Josephus permutation Parity of a permutation Separable permutation Stirling permutation Superpattern Tran...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity%20theorem
In real analysis and complex analysis, branches of mathematics, the identity theorem for analytic functions states: given functions f and g analytic on a domain D (open and connected subset of or ), if f = g on some , where has an accumulation point in D, then f = g on D. Thus an analytic function is completely det...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap%20code
The tap code, sometimes called the knock code, is a way to encode text messages on a letter-by-letter basis in a very simple way. The message is transmitted using a series of tap sounds, hence its name. The tap code has been commonly used by prisoners to communicate with each other. The method of communicating is usua...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuation%20of%20options
In finance, a price (premium) is paid or received for purchasing or selling options. This article discusses the calculation of this premium in general. For further detail, see: for discussion of the mathematics; Financial engineering for the implementation; as well as generally. Premium components This price can be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosenbrock%20function
In mathematical optimization, the Rosenbrock function is a non-convex function, introduced by Howard H. Rosenbrock in 1960, which is used as a performance test problem for optimization algorithms. It is also known as Rosenbrock's valley or Rosenbrock's banana function. The global minimum is inside a long, narrow, para...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa%20effect
The kappa effect or perceptual time dilation is a temporal perceptual illusion that can arise when observers judge the elapsed time between sensory stimuli applied sequentially at different locations. In perceiving a sequence of consecutive stimuli, subjects tend to overestimate the elapsed time between two successive ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exergy%20efficiency
Exergy efficiency (also known as the second-law efficiency or rational efficiency) computes the effectiveness of a system relative to its performance in reversible conditions. It is defined as the ratio of the thermal efficiency of an actual system compared to an idealized or reversible version of the system for heat e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canalisation%20%28genetics%29
Canalisation is a measure of the ability of a population to produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment or genotype. It is a form of evolutionary robustness. The term was coined in 1942 by C. H. Waddington to capture the fact that "developmental reactions, as they occur in organisms submitte...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convex%20cone
In linear algebra, a cone—sometimes called a linear cone for distinguishing it from other sorts of cones—is a subset of a vector space that is closed under positive scalar multiplication; that is, is a cone if implies for every . When the scalars are real numbers, or belong to an ordered field, one generally calls ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6ntgen%20equivalent%20physical
The Röntgen equivalent physical or rep (symbol rep) is a legacy unit of absorbed dose first introduced by Herbert Parker in 1945 to replace an improper application of the roentgen unit to biological tissue. It is the absorbed energetic dose before the biological efficiency of the radiation is factored in. The rep has v...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiral%20symmetry%20breaking
In particle physics, chiral symmetry breaking generally refers to the dynamical spontaneous breaking of a chiral symmetry associated with massless fermions. This is usually associated with a gauge theory such as quantum chromodynamics, the quantum field theory of the strong interaction, and it also occurs through the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DUAL%20%28cognitive%20architecture%29
DUAL is a general cognitive architecture integrating the connectionist and symbolic approaches at the micro level. DUAL is based on decentralized representation and emergent computation. It was inspired by the Society of Mind idea proposed by Marvin Minsky, but departs from the initial proposal in many ways. Computatio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moisture%20recycling
In hydrology, moisture recycling or precipitation recycling refer to the process by which a portion of the precipitated water that evapotranspired from a given area contributes to the precipitation over the same area. Moisture recycling is thus a component of the hydrologic cycle. The ratio of the locally derived preci...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol%20spoofing
Protocol spoofing is used in data communications to improve performance in situations where an existing protocol is inadequate, for example due to long delays or high error rates. Spoofing techniques In most applications of protocol spoofing, a communications device such as a modem or router simulates ("spoofs") the r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware%20architect
(In the automation and engineering environments, the hardware engineer or architect encompasses the electronics engineering and electrical engineering fields, with subspecialities in analog, digital, or electromechanical systems.) The hardware systems architect or hardware architect is responsible for: Interfacing wit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garou%3A%20Mark%20of%20the%20Wolves
is a 1999 fighting game produced by SNK, originally for the Neo Geo system and then as Fatal Fury: Mark of the Wolves for the Dreamcast. It is the eighth (or ninth if one counts Fatal Fury: Wild Ambition) installment of the Fatal Fury series. Gameplay The two-plane system in which characters would fight from two dif...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life%20Sciences%20Research%20Office
Life Sciences Research Organization (LSRO) is a non-profit organization based in Maryland, United States, that specializes in assembling "ad hoc" expert panels to evaluate scientific literature, data, systems, and proposals in the biomedical sciences. Overview LSRO was founded in 1962 as an office within the Federati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palamedes%20%28video%20game%29
is a puzzle video game released by Taito in 1990. Gameplay Palamedes is a puzzle game requiring the players to match the dice they are holding to the dice at the top of the screen. Using the "B" button, the player can change the number on their dice, then throw it using the "A" button when it matches the dice at the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yips
In sports, the yips are a sudden and unexplained loss of ability to execute certain skills in experienced athletes. Symptoms of the yips are losing fine motor skills and psychological issues that impact on the muscle memory and decision-making of athletes, leaving them unable to perform basic skills of their sport. Co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse%20polymerase%20chain%20reaction
Inverse polymerase chain reaction (Inverse PCR) is a variant of the polymerase chain reaction that is used to amplify DNA with only one known sequence. One limitation of conventional PCR is that it requires primers complementary to both termini of the target DNA, but this method allows PCR to be carried out even if onl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITSEC
The Information Technology Security Evaluation Criteria (ITSEC) is a structured set of criteria for evaluating computer security within products and systems. The ITSEC was first published in May 1990 in France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom based on existing work in their respective countries. Follow...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nested%20polymerase%20chain%20reaction
Nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) is a modification of polymerase chain reaction intended to reduce non-specific binding in products due to the amplification of unexpected primer binding sites. Polymerase chain reaction Polymerase chain reaction itself is the process used to amplify DNA samples, via a temp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20receiver%20design
Radio receiver design includes the electronic design of different components of a radio receiver which processes the radio frequency signal from an antenna in order to produce usable information such as audio. The complexity of a modern receiver and the possible range of circuitry and methods employed are more generall...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciena
Ciena Corporation is an American telecommunications networking equipment and software services supplier based in Hanover, Maryland. The company has been described by The Baltimore Sun as the "world's biggest player in optical connectivity". The company reported revenues of $3.63 billion for 2022. Ciena had over 8,000 e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodesk%20Vault
Autodesk Vault is a data management tool integrated with Autodesk Inventor Series, Autodesk Inventor Professional, AutoCAD Mechanical, AutoCAD Electrical, Autodesk Revit and Civil 3D products. It helps design teams track work in progress and maintain version control in multi-user environments. It allows them to organiz...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-linking%20immunoprecipitation
Cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP, or CLIP-seq) is a method used in molecular biology that combines UV crosslinking with immunoprecipitation in order to identify RNA binding sites of proteins on a transcriptome-wide scale, thereby increasing our understanding of post-transcriptional regulatory networks. CLIP ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinge%20theorem
In geometry, the hinge theorem (sometimes called the open mouth theorem) states that if two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle, and the included angle of the first is larger than the included angle of the second, then the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20Conversion%20Devices
Energy Conversion Devices (ECD) was an American photovoltaics manufacturer of thin-film solar cells made of amorphous silicon used in flexible laminates and in building-integrated photovoltaics. The company was also a manufacturer of rechargeable batteries and other renewable energy related products. ECD was headquarte...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socle%20%28mathematics%29
In mathematics, the term socle has several related meanings. Socle of a group In the context of group theory, the socle of a group G, denoted soc(G), is the subgroup generated by the minimal normal subgroups of G. It can happen that a group has no minimal non-trivial normal subgroup (that is, every non-trivial normal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Infrastructure%20Protection%20Plan
The National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP) is a document called for by Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7, which aims to unify Critical Infrastructure and Key Resource (CIKR) protection efforts across the country. The latest version of the plan was produced in 2013 The NIPP's goals are to protect cri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop%20the%20Express
Stop the Express (also known as Bousou Tokkyuu SOS (暴走特急SOS, "Runaway Express SOS," in Japan) is a video game developed by Hudson Soft and published in 1983. It was written for the Sharp X1 and later ported to the ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, and MSX. It was remade for Nintendo Family Computer as Challenger (チャレンジャー) in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl%20cellulose
Methyl cellulose (or methylcellulose) is a compound derived from cellulose. It is sold under a variety of trade names and is used as a thickener and emulsifier in various food and cosmetic products, and also as a bulk-forming laxative. Like cellulose, it is not digestible, non-toxic, and not an allergen. In addition to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsallis%20entropy
In physics, the Tsallis entropy is a generalization of the standard Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy. Overview The concept was introduced in 1988 by Constantino Tsallis as a basis for generalizing the standard statistical mechanics and is identical in form to Havrda–Charvát structural α-entropy, introduced in 1967 within infor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless%20Intelligent%20Network
Wireless Intelligent Network (also referred to as a WIN) is a concept developed by the TR-45 Mobile and Personal Communications Systems Standards engineering committee of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA). Its objective is to transport the resources of the Intelligent Network to the wireless network, ut...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branching%20quantifier
In logic a branching quantifier, also called a Henkin quantifier, finite partially ordered quantifier or even nonlinear quantifier, is a partial ordering of quantifiers for Q ∈ {∀,∃}. It is a special case of generalized quantifier. In classical logic, quantifier prefixes are linearly ordered such that the value of a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interconnect%20agreement
An interconnect agreement is a business contract between telecommunications organizations for the purpose of interconnecting their networks and exchanging telecommunications traffic. Interconnect agreements are found both in the public switched telephone network and the Internet. In the public switched telephone netwo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20resonance
Electrical resonance occurs in an electric circuit at a particular resonant frequency when the impedances or admittances of circuit elements cancel each other. In some circuits, this happens when the impedance between the input and output of the circuit is almost zero and the transfer function is close to one. Resonan...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological%20pyramid
An ecological pyramid (also trophic pyramid, Eltonian pyramid, energy pyramid, or sometimes food pyramid') is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bioproductivity at each trophic level in an ecosystem. A pyramid of energy shows how much energy is retained in the form of new biomass from each trop...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education%20and%20training%20of%20electrical%20and%20electronics%20engineers
Both electrical and electronics engineers typically possess an academic degree with a major in electrical/ electronics engineering. The length of study for such a degree is usually three or four years and the completed degree may be designated as a Bachelor of Engineering, Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Applied Sci...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudness%20war
The loudness war (or loudness race) is a trend of increasing audio levels in recorded music, which reduces audio fidelity and—according to many critics—listener enjoyment. Increasing loudness was first reported as early as the 1940s, with respect to mastering practices for 7-inch singles. The maximum peak level of anal...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aposymbiosis
Aposymbiosis occurs when symbiotic organisms live apart from one another (for example, a clownfish living independently of a sea anemone). Studies have shown that the lifecycles of both the host and the symbiont are affected in some way, usually negative, and that for obligate symbiosis the effects can be drastic. Apo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft%20Write
Microsoft Write is a basic word processor included with Windows 1.0 and later, until Windows NT 3.51. Throughout its lifespan it was minimally updated, and is comparable to early versions of MacWrite. Early versions of Write only work with Write Document (.wri) files, which are a subset of the Rich Text Format (RTF). A...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense%20Data%20Network
The Defense Data Network (DDN) was a computer networking effort of the United States Department of Defense from 1983 through 1995. It was based on ARPANET technology. History As an experiment, from 1971 to 1977, the Worldwide Military Command and Control System (WWMCCS) purchased and operated an ARPANET-type system ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware%20architecture
In engineering, hardware architecture refers to the identification of a system's physical components and their interrelationships. This description, often called a hardware design model, allows hardware designers to understand how their components fit into a system architecture and provides to software component design...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacandon%20Jungle
The Lacandon Jungle (Spanish: Selva Lacandona) is an area of rainforest which stretches from Chiapas, Mexico, into Guatemala. The heart of this rainforest is located in the Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve in Chiapas near the border with Guatemala in the Montañas del Oriente region of the state. Although much of the jun...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design%20load
In a general sense, the design load is the maximum amount of something a system is designed to handle or the maximum amount of something that the system can produce, which are very different meanings. For example, a crane with a design load of 20 tons is designed to be able to lift loads that weigh 20 tons or less. How...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthotropic%20material
In material science and solid mechanics, orthotropic materials have material properties at a particular point which differ along three orthogonal axes, where each axis has twofold rotational symmetry. These directional differences in strength can be quantified with Hankinson's equation. They are a subset of anisotropi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trijet
A trijet is a jet aircraft powered by three jet engines. In general, passenger airline trijets are considered to be second-generation jet airliners, due to their innovative engine locations, in addition to the advancement of turbofan technology. Trijets are more efficient than quadjets, but not as efficient as twinjets...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kistler%20Prize
The Kistler Prize (1999-2011) was awarded annually to recognize original contributions "to the understanding of the connection between human heredity and human society," and was named after its benefactor, physicist and inventor Walter Kistler. The prize was awarded by the Foundation For the Future and it included a ca...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4Pi%20microscope
A 4Pi microscope is a laser scanning fluorescence microscope with an improved axial resolution. With it the typical range of the axial resolution of 500–700 nm can be improved to 100–150 nm, which corresponds to an almost spherical focal spot with 5–7 times less volume than that of standard confocal microscopy. Workin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury%20%28cipher%20machine%29
Mercury was a British cipher machine used by the Air Ministry from 1950 until at least the early 1960s. Mercury was an online rotor machine descended from Typex, but modified to achieve a longer cycle length using a so-called double-drum basket system. History Mercury was designed by Wing Commander E. W. Smith and F....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaffold%20protein
In biology, scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signalling pathways. Although scaffolds are not strictly defined in function, they are known to interact and/or bind with multiple members of a signalling pathway, tethering them into complexes. In such pathways, they regulate signal transduction and he...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar%20%28mathematics%29
A scalar is an element of a field which is used to define a vector space. In linear algebra, real numbers or generally elements of a field are called scalars and relate to vectors in an associated vector space through the operation of scalar multiplication (defined in the vector space), in which a vector can be multipl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NUbuntu
nUbuntu or Network Ubuntu was a project to take the existing Ubuntu operating system LiveCD and Full Installer and remaster it with tools needed for penetration testing servers and networks. The main idea is to keep Ubuntu's ease of use and mix it with popular penetration testing tools. Besides usage for network and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardness
In materials science, hardness (antonym: softness) is a measure of the resistance to plastic deformation, such as an indentation (over an area) or a scratch (linear), induced mechanically either by pressing or abrasion. In general, different materials differ in their hardness; for example hard metals such as titanium ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisenbug
In computer programming jargon, a heisenbug is a software bug that seems to disappear or alter its behavior when one attempts to study it. The term is a pun on the name of Werner Heisenberg, the physicist who first asserted the observer effect of quantum mechanics, which states that the act of observing a system inevit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STEbus
The STEbus (also called the IEEE-1000 bus) is a non-proprietary, processor-independent, computer bus with 8 data lines and 20 address lines. It was popular for industrial control systems in the late 1980s and early 1990s before the ubiquitous IBM PC dominated this market. STE stands for STandard Eurocard. Although no...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete%20Mathematics
Concrete Mathematics: A Foundation for Computer Science, by Ronald Graham, Donald Knuth, and Oren Patashnik, first published in 1989, is a textbook that is widely used in computer-science departments as a substantive but light-hearted treatment of the analysis of algorithms. Contents and history The book provides mat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relay%20channel
In information theory, a relay channel is a probability model of the communication between a sender and a receiver aided by one or more intermediate relay nodes. General discrete-time memoryless relay channel A discrete memoryless single-relay channel can be modelled as four finite sets, and , and a conditional pro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20optimization%20%28EDA%29
Power optimization is the use of electronic design automation tools to optimize (reduce) the power consumption of a digital design, such as that of an integrated circuit, while preserving the functionality. Introduction and history The increasing speed and complexity of today’s designs implies a significant increase ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20layer%20epitaxy
Atomic layer epitaxy (ALE), more generally known as atomic layer deposition (ALD), is a specialized form of thin film growth (epitaxy) that typically deposit alternating monolayers of two elements onto a substrate. The crystal lattice structure achieved is thin, uniform, and aligned with the structure of the substrate...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20beam%20epitaxy
Chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) forms an important class of deposition techniques for semiconductor layer systems, especially III-V semiconductor systems. This form of epitaxial growth is performed in an ultrahigh vacuum system. The reactants are in the form of molecular beams of reactive gases, typically as the hydride or...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business%20mathematics
Business mathematics are mathematics used by commercial enterprises to record and manage business operations. Commercial organizations use mathematics in accounting, inventory management, marketing, sales forecasting, and financial analysis. Mathematics typically used in commerce includes elementary arithmetic, elem...