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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VideoCrypt | VideoCrypt is a cryptographic, smartcard-based conditional access television encryption system that scrambles analogue pay-TV signals. It was introduced in 1989 by News Datacom and was used initially by Sky TV and subsequently by several other broadcasters on SES' Astra satellites at 19.2° east.
Users
Versions
Three... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loren%20Kohnfelder | Loren Kohnfelder invented what is today called public key infrastructure (PKI) in his May 1978 MIT S.B. (BSCSE) thesis, which described a practical means of using public key cryptography to secure network communications.
The Kohnfelder thesis introduced the terms 'certificate' and 'certificate revocation list' as well... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20sort | Library sort or gapped insertion sort is a sorting algorithm that uses an insertion sort, but with gaps in the array to accelerate subsequent insertions. The name comes from an analogy:
Suppose a librarian were to store their books alphabetically on a long shelf, starting with the As at the left end, and continuing to ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibitor%20of%20DNA-binding%20protein | Inhibitor of DNA-binding/differentiation proteins, also known as ID proteins comprise a family of proteins that heterodimerize with basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors to inhibit DNA binding of bHLH proteins. ID proteins also contain the HLH-dimerization domain but lack the basic DNA-binding domain and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantasy%20Star%20Universe | (PSU) is an action role-playing video game developed by Sega's Sonic Team for the Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2 and Xbox 360 platforms. It was released in Japan for the PC and PlayStation 2 on August 31, 2006; the Xbox 360 version was released there on December 14, 2006. Its North American release was in October 200... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity%20potential | A velocity potential is a scalar potential used in potential flow theory. It was introduced by Joseph-Louis Lagrange in 1788.
It is used in continuum mechanics, when a continuum occupies a simply-connected region and is irrotational. In such a case,
where denotes the flow velocity. As a result, can be represented a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upward%20continuation | Upward continuation is a method used in oil exploration and geophysics to estimate the values of a gravitational or magnetic field by using measurements at a lower elevation and extrapolating upward, assuming continuity. This technique is commonly used to merge different measurements to a common level so as to reduce s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xsupplicant | Xsupplicant is a supplicant that allows a workstation to authenticate with a RADIUS server using 802.1X and the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP). It can be used for computers with wired or wireless LAN connections to complete a strong authentication before joining the network and supports the dynamic assignment... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20ellipsoid | In crystal optics, the index ellipsoid (also known as the optical indicatrix or sometimes as the dielectric ellipsoid) is a geometric construction which concisely represents the refractive indices and associated polarizations of light, as functions of the orientation of the wavefront, in a doubly-refractive crystal (pr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillermo%20Owen | Guillermo Owen (born 1938) is a Colombian mathematician, and professor of applied mathematics at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, known for his work in game theory. He is also the son of the Mexican Poet and Diplomat Gilberto Owen.
Biography
Guillermo Owen was born May 4, 1938, in Bogotá, Colomb... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security%20Administrator%20Tool%20for%20Analyzing%20Networks | Security Administrator Tool for Analyzing Networks (SATAN) was a free software vulnerability scanner for analyzing networked computers. SATAN captured the attention of a broad technical audience, appearing in PC Magazine and drawing threats from the United States Department of Justice. It featured a web interface, comp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range%20of%20motion | Range of motion (or ROM) is the linear or angular distance that a moving object may normally travel while properly attached to another.
In biomechanics and strength training, ROM refers to the angular distance and direction a joint can move between the flexed position and the extended position. The act of attempting ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasch%20model%20estimation | Estimation of a Rasch model is used to estimate the parameters of the Rasch model. Various techniques are employed to estimate the parameters from matrices of response data. The most common approaches are types of maximum likelihood estimation, such as joint and conditional maximum likelihood estimation. Joint maximum ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensemble%20forecasting | Ensemble forecasting is a method used in or within numerical weather prediction. Instead of making a single forecast of the most likely weather, a set (or ensemble) of forecasts is produced. This set of forecasts aims to give an indication of the range of possible future states of the atmosphere. Ensemble forecasting i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple%20set | In computability theory, a subset of the natural numbers is called simple if it is computably enumerable (c.e.) and co-infinite (i.e. its complement is infinite), but every infinite subset of its complement is not c.e.. Simple sets are examples of c.e. sets that are not computable.
Relation to Post's problem
Simple ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20Teller%E2%80%93Ulam%20design | The Teller–Ulam design is a technical concept behind modern thermonuclear weapons, also known as hydrogen bombs. The design – the details of which are military secrets and known to only a handful of major nations – is
History
Teller's "Super"
The idea of using the energy from a fission device to begin a fusion reac... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prone%20position | Prone position () is a body position in which the person lies flat with the chest down and the back up. In anatomical terms of location, the dorsal side is up, and the ventral side is down. The supine position is the 180° contrast.
Etymology
The word prone, meaning "naturally inclined to something, apt, liable," has ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergluteal%20cleft | The intergluteal cleft or just gluteal cleft, also known by a number of synonyms, including natal cleft, butt crack, and cluneal cleft, is the groove between the buttocks that runs from just below the sacrum to the perineum, so named because it forms the visible border between the external rounded protrusions of the gl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare%20Burali-Forti | Cesare Burali-Forti (13 August 1861 – 21 January 1931) was an Italian mathematician, after whom the Burali-Forti paradox is named.
Biography
Burali-Forti was born in Arezzo, and was an assistant of Giuseppe Peano in Turin from 1894 to 1896, during which time he discovered a theorem which Bertrand Russell later realise... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-Thue%20system | In theoretical computer science and mathematical logic a string rewriting system (SRS), historically called a semi-Thue system, is a rewriting system over strings from a (usually finite) alphabet. Given a binary relation between fixed strings over the alphabet, called rewrite rules, denoted by , an SRS extends the rew... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20anatomical%20isthmi | In anatomy, isthmus refers to a constriction between organs. This is a list of anatomical isthmi:
Aortic isthmus, section of the aortic arch
Cavo-tricuspid isthmus of the right atrium of the heart, a body of fibrous tissue in the lower atrium between the inferior vena cava, and the tricuspid valve
Isthmus, the ear ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution%20of%20human%20intelligence | The evolution of human intelligence is closely tied to the evolution of the human brain and to the origin of language. The timeline of human evolution spans approximately seven million years, from the separation of the genus Pan until the emergence of behavioral modernity by 50,000 years ago. The first three million ye... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro%20Padoa | Alessandro Padoa (14 October 1868 – 25 November 1937) was an Italian mathematician and logician, a contributor to the school of Giuseppe Peano. He is remembered for a method for deciding whether, given some formal theory, a new primitive notion is truly independent of the other primitive notions. There is an analogous... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario%20Pieri | Mario Pieri (22 June 1860 – 1 March 1913) was an Italian mathematician who is known for his work on foundations of geometry.
Biography
Pieri was born in Lucca, Italy, the son of Pellegrino Pieri and Ermina Luporini. Pellegrino was a lawyer. Pieri began his higher education at University of Bologna where he drew the at... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gino%20Fano | Gino Fano (5 January 18718 November 1952) was an Italian mathematician, best known as the founder of finite geometry. He was born to a wealthy Jewish family in Mantua, in Italy and died in Verona, also in Italy.
Fano made various contributions on projective and algebraic geometry. His work in the foundations of geomet... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagrancy%20%28biology%29 | Vagrancy is a phenomenon in biology whereby an individual animal (usually a bird) appears well outside its normal range; they are known as vagrants. The term accidental is sometimes also used. There are a number of poorly understood factors which might cause an animal to become a vagrant, including internal causes such... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel%20broker | In the context of computer networking, a tunnel broker is a service which provides a network tunnel. These tunnels can provide encapsulated connectivity over existing infrastructure to another infrastructure.
There are a variety of tunnel brokers, including IPv4 tunnel brokers, though most commonly the term is used to... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susana%20Urbina | Susana Urbina (born 1946) is a Peruvian-American psychologist. She received her Ph.D. in Psychometrics from Fordham University in 1972 and was licensed in Florida in 1976. She currently teaches at University of North Florida, where her principal areas of teaching and research are psychological testing and assessment.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stromquist%20moving-knives%20procedure | The Stromquist moving-knives procedure is a procedure for envy-free cake-cutting among three players. It is named after Walter Stromquist who presented it in 1980.
This procedure was the first envy-free moving knife procedure devised for three players. It requires four knives but only two cuts, so each player receives... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin%20moving-knife%20procedures | The Austin moving-knife procedures are procedures for equitable division of a cake. To each of n partners, they allocate a piece of the cake which this partner values as exactly of the cake. This is in contrast to proportional division procedures, which give each partner at least of the cake, but may give more to som... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjusted%20winner%20procedure | Adjusted Winner (AW) is a procedure for envy-free item allocation. Given two agents and some goods, it returns a partition of the goods between the two agents with the following properties:
Envy-freeness: Each agent believes that his share of the goods is at least as good as the other share;
Equitability: The "relat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chore%20division | Chore division is a fair division problem in which the divided resource is undesirable, so that each participant wants to get as little as possible. It is the mirror-image of the fair cake-cutting problem, in which the divided resource is desirable so that each participant wants to get as much as possible. Both problem... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20River%20Laboratories | Charles River Laboratories International, Inc., is an American pharmaceutical company specializing in a variety of preclinical and clinical laboratory, gene therapy and cell therapy services for the Pharmaceutical, Medical device and Biotechnology industries. It also supplies assorted biomedical products, outsourcing s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBName | NBName (note capitalization) is a computer program that can be used to carry out denial-of-service attacks that can disable NetBIOS services on Windows machines. It was written by Sir Dystic of CULT OF THE DEAD COW (cDc) and released July 29, 2000 at the DEF CON 8 convention in Las Vegas.
The program decodes and prov... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo%20%28religious%20iconography%29 | A halo (; also called a nimbus, aureole, glory, or gloriole) is a crown of light rays, circle or disk of light that surrounds a person in art. It has been used in the iconography of many religions to indicate holy or sacred figures, and has at various periods also been used in images of rulers and heroes. In the relig... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super%2035 | Super 35 (originally known as Superscope 235) is a motion picture film format that uses exactly the same film stock as standard 35 mm film, but puts a larger image frame on that stock by using the space normally reserved for the optical analog sound track.
History
Super 35 was revived from a similar Superscope varian... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared%20web%20hosting%20service | A shared web hosting service is a web hosting service where many websites reside on one web server connected to the Internet. The overall cost of server maintenance is spread over many customers. By using shared hosting, the website will share a physical server with one or more other websites.
Description
The service... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taegeuk | Taegeuk (, ) is a Korean term meaning "supreme ultimate", although it can also be translated as "great polarity / duality". The term and its overall concept is related to the Chinese Taiji (Wade-Giles: T'ai-chi). The symbol was chosen for the design of the Korean national flag in the 1880s. It substitutes the black and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiberg%20duality | In quantum field theory, Seiberg duality, conjectured by Nathan Seiberg in 1994, is an S-duality relating two different supersymmetric QCDs. The two theories are not identical, but they agree at low energies. More precisely under a renormalization group flow they flow to the same IR fixed point, and so are in the same... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heirloom%20tomato | An heirloom tomato (also called heritage tomato in the UK) is an open-pollinated, non-hybrid heirloom cultivar of tomato. They are classified as family heirlooms, commercial heirlooms, mystery heirlooms, or created heirlooms. They usually have a shorter shelf life and are less disease resistant than hybrids. They are ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural%20gas | Neural gas is an artificial neural network, inspired by the self-organizing map and introduced in 1991 by Thomas Martinetz and Klaus Schulten. The neural gas is a simple algorithm for finding optimal data representations based on feature vectors. The algorithm was coined "neural gas" because of the dynamics of the feat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shlaer%E2%80%93Mellor%20method | The Shlaer–Mellor method, also known as object-oriented systems analysis (OOSA) or object-oriented analysis (OOA) is an object-oriented software development methodology introduced by Sally Shlaer and Stephen Mellor in 1988. The method makes the documented analysis so precise that it is possible to implement the analysi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thinking%20in%20Java | Thinking in Java () is a book about the Java programming language, written by Bruce Eckel and first published in 1998. Prentice Hall published the 4th edition of the work in 2006. The book represents a print version of Eckel’s “Hands-on Java” seminar.
Bruce Eckel wrote “On Java8” as a sequel for Thinking in Java and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiming%20point | In field artillery, the accuracy of indirect fire depends on the use of aiming points. In air force terminology the aiming point (or A.P.) refers to holding the intersection of the cross hairs on a bombsight when fixed at a specific target.
An indirect fire aiming point provides a point of angular reference to aim a g... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnotobiosis | Gnotobiosis (from Greek roots gnostos "known" and bios "life") refers to an engineered state of an organism in which all forms of life (i.e., microorganisms) in or on it, including its microbiota, have been identified. The term gnotobiotic organism, or gnotobiote, can refer to a model organism that is colonized with a ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route%20reestablishment%20notification | Route Reestablishment Notification (RRN) is a type of notification that is used in some communications protocols that use time-division multiplexing.
Network protocols |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conserved%20quantity | A conserved quantity is a property or value that remains constant over time in a system even when changes occur in the system. In mathematics, a conserved quantity of a dynamical system is formally defined as a function of the dependent variables, the value of which remains constant along each trajectory of the system.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightshade%20%281985%20video%20game%29 | Nightshade is an action video game developed and published by Ultimate Play the Game. It was first released for the ZX Spectrum in 1985, and was then ported to the Amstrad CPC and BBC Micro later that year. It was also ported to the MSX exclusively in Japan in 1986. In the game, the player assumes the role of a knight ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified%20Huffman%20coding | Modified Huffman coding is used in fax machines to encode black-on-white images (bitmaps). It combines the variable-length codes of Huffman coding with the coding of repetitive data in run-length encoding.
The basic Huffman coding provides a way to compress files that have much repeating data, like a file containing t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20System%20z9 | IBM System z9 is a line of IBM mainframe computers. The first models were available on September 16, 2005. The System z9 also marks the end of the previously used eServer zSeries naming convention. It was also the last mainframe computer that NASA ever used.
Background
System z9 is a mainframe using the z/Architec... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular%20Approach%20to%20Software%20Construction%20Operation%20and%20Test | The Modular Approach to Software Construction Operation and Test (MASCOT) is a software engineering methodology developed under the auspices of the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence starting in the early 1970s at the Royal Radar Establishment and continuing its evolution over the next twenty years. The co-originators ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20assimilation | Data assimilation is a mathematical discipline that seeks to optimally combine theory (usually in the form of a numerical model) with observations. There may be a number of different goals sought – for example, to determine the optimal state estimate of a system, to determine initial conditions for a numerical forecast... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon%20spin%20spectroscopy | Muon spin spectroscopy, also known as µSR, is an experimental technique based on the implantation of spin-polarized muons in matter and on the detection of the influence of the atomic, molecular or crystalline surroundings on their spin motion. The motion of the muon spin is due to the magnetic field experienced by the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%20polarization | In particle physics, spin polarization is the degree to which the spin, i.e., the intrinsic angular momentum of elementary particles, is aligned with a given direction. This property may pertain to the spin, hence to the magnetic moment, of conduction electrons in ferromagnetic metals, such as iron, giving rise to spin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakalaka | Chakalaka is a South African vegetable relish, usually spicy, that is traditionally served with bread, pap, samp, stews, or curries. Chakalaka is said to have originated in the townships of Johannesburg or in the gold mines surrounding Johannesburg, when Mozambican mineworkers leaving their shift cooked tinned produce ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas%20aeruginosa | Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common encapsulated, Gram-negative, aerobic–facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause disease in plants and animals, including humans. A species of considerable medical importance, P. aeruginosa is a multidrug resistant pathogen recognized for its ubiquity, its intrinsical... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20Access%20Card | The Common Access Card, also commonly referred to as the CAC, is the standard identification for Active Duty United States Defense personnel. The card itself is a smart card about the size of a credit card. Defense personnel that use the CAC include the Selected Reserve and National Guard, United States Department of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20optics | In physics, physical optics, or wave optics, is the branch of optics that studies interference, diffraction, polarization, and other phenomena for which the ray approximation of geometric optics is not valid. This usage tends not to include effects such as quantum noise in optical communication, which is studied in the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-frequency%20approximation | A high-frequency approximation (or "high energy approximation") for scattering or other wave propagation problems, in physics or engineering, is an approximation whose accuracy increases with the size of features on the scatterer or medium relative to the wavelength of the scattered particles.
Classical mechanics and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycin-resistant%20Enterococcus | Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, or vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), are bacterial strains of the genus Enterococcus that are resistant to the antibiotic vancomycin.
Mechanism of acquired resistance
Six different types of vancomycin resistance are shown by enterococcus: Van-A, Van-B, Van-C, Van-D, Van-E and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan%20Mathematical%20Olympiad | The Balkan Mathematical Olympiad (BMO) is an international contest of winners of high-school national competitions from European countries.
Participants (incomplete)
Albania
BMO 1991: 1.Julian Mulla 2.Erion Dasho 3.Elton Bojaxhi 4.Enkel Hysnelaj
BMO 1993: 1.Gjergji Guri 2.Jonada Rrapo 3.Ermir Qeli 4.Mirela C... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Armstrong%20%28model%20railroader%29 | John H. Armstrong (November 18, 1920 – July 28, 2004) was a mechanical engineer, inventor, editor, prolific author, and model railroader best known for layout design and operations. He was married for 44 years to Ellen Palmer. They had four children.
Early life
He was born and raised in Canandaigua, New York, and bega... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental%20lemma%20of%20the%20calculus%20of%20variations | In mathematics, specifically in the calculus of variations, a variation of a function can be concentrated on an arbitrarily small interval, but not a single point.
Accordingly, the necessary condition of extremum (functional derivative equal zero) appears in a weak formulation (variational form) integrated with an ar... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive%20set | In set theory, a branch of mathematics, a set is called transitive if either of the following equivalent conditions hold:
whenever , and , then .
whenever , and is not an urelement, then is a subset of .
Similarly, a class is transitive if every element of is a subset of .
Examples
Using the definition of ordi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isochromosome | An isochromosome is an unbalanced structural abnormality in which the arms of the chromosome are mirror images of each other. The chromosome consists of two copies of either the long (q) arm or the short (p) arm because isochromosome formation is equivalent to a simultaneous duplication and deletion of genetic material... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20Appell%20polynomials | In mathematics, a polynomial sequence has a generalized Appell representation if the generating function for the polynomials takes on a certain form:
where the generating function or kernel is composed of the series
with
and
and all
and
with
Given the above, it is not hard to show that is a polynomial o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ristra | A ristra (), also known as a sarta, is an arrangement of drying chile pepper pods, garlic bulbs, or other vegetables for later consumption. In addition to its practical use, the ristra has come to be a trademark of decorative design in the state of New Mexico as well as southern Arizona. Typically, large chiles such as... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicidal%20warfare | Herbicidal warfare is the use of substances primarily designed to destroy the plant-based ecosystem of an area. Although herbicidal warfare use chemical substances, its main purpose is to disrupt agricultural food production and/or to destroy plants which provide cover or concealment to the enemy, not to asphyxiate or ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20beekeeping | This page is a glossary of beekeeping.
A
Africanized bee – a hybrid bee with characteristics unsuitable for beekeeping
Apiary – a yard where beehives are kept
Apicology – ecology of bees
Apiology – scientific study of bees
Apitherapy – a branch of alternative medicine that uses honey bee products including honey,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily%20Blackwell | Emily Blackwell (October 8, 1826 – September 7, 1910) was the second woman to earn a medical degree at what is now Case Western Reserve University, after Nancy Talbot Clark. In 1993, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.
Early life and education
Blackwell was born on October 8, 1826, in Bristol, En... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seroprevalence | Seroprevalence is the number of persons in a population who test positive for a specific disease based on serology (blood serum) specimens; often presented as a percent of the total specimens tested or as a proportion per 100,000 persons tested. As positively identifying the occurrence of disease is usually based upon ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal%20energy%20storage | Thermal energy storage (TES) is achieved with widely different technologies. Depending on the specific technology, it allows excess thermal energy to be stored and used hours, days, months later, at scales ranging from the individual process, building, multiuser-building, district, town, or region. Usage examples are t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur%20cycle | The sulfur cycle is a biogeochemical cycle in which the sulfur moves between rocks, waterways and living systems. It is important in geology as it affects many minerals and in life because sulfur is an essential element (CHNOPS), being a constituent of many proteins and cofactors, and sulfur compounds can be used as ox... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen%20cycle | The hydrogen cycle consists of hydrogen exchanges between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) sources and sinks of hydrogen-containing compounds.
Hydrogen (H) is the most abundant element in the universe. On Earth, common H-containing inorganic molecules include water (H2O), hydrogen gas (H2), hydrogen sulfide (H... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamartoma | A hamartoma is a mostly benign, local malformation of cells that resembles a neoplasm of local tissue but is usually due to an overgrowth of multiple aberrant cells, with a basis in a systemic genetic condition, rather than a growth descended from a single mutated cell (monoclonality), as would typically define a benig... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20yield | In particle physics, the quantum yield (denoted ) of a radiation-induced process is the number of times a specific event occurs per photon absorbed by the system.
Applications
Fluorescence spectroscopy
The fluorescence quantum yield is defined as the ratio of the number of photons emitted to the number of photons ab... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold%20chain | Cold chain is defined as the series of actions and equipment applied to maintain a product within a specified low-temperature range from harvest/production to consumption. An unbroken cold chain is an uninterrupted sequence of refrigerated production, storage and distribution activities, along with associated equipment... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational%20aggression | Relational aggression, alternative aggression, or relational bullying is a type of aggression in which harm is caused by damaging someone's relationships or social status.
Although it can be used in many contexts and among different age groups, relational aggression among adolescents in particular, has received a lot ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metasystem%20transition | A metasystem transition is the emergence, through evolution, of a higher level of organization or control.
A metasystem is formed by the integration of a number of initially independent components, such as molecules (as theorized for instance by hypercycles), cells, or individuals, and the emergence of a system steeri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittag-Leffler%27s%20theorem | In complex analysis, Mittag-Leffler's theorem concerns the existence of meromorphic functions with prescribed poles. Conversely, it can be used to express any meromorphic function as a sum of partial fractions. It is sister to the Weierstrass factorization theorem, which asserts existence of holomorphic functions with ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug%20compatible | Plug compatible refers to "hardware that is designed to perform exactly like another vendor's product." The term PCM was originally applied to manufacturers who made replacements for IBM peripherals. Later this term was used to refer to IBM-compatible computers.
PCM and peripherals
Before the rise of the PCM periphera... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense%20Information%20System%20Network | The Defense Information System Network (DISN) has been the United States Department of Defense's enterprise telecommunications network for providing data, video, and voice services for 40 years.
The DISN end-to-end infrastructure is composed of three major segments:
The sustaining base (I.e., base, post, camp, or sta... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P6%20%28microarchitecture%29 | The P6 microarchitecture is the sixth-generation Intel x86 microarchitecture, implemented by the Pentium Pro microprocessor that was introduced in November 1995. It is frequently referred to as i686. It was planned to be succeeded by the NetBurst microarchitecture used by the Pentium 4 in 2000, but was revived for the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmholtz%20resonance | Helmholtz resonance or wind throb is the phenomenon of air resonance in a cavity, such as when one blows across the top of an empty bottle. The name comes from a device created in the 1850s by Hermann von Helmholtz, the Helmholtz resonator, which he used to identify the various frequencies or musical pitches present in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel%20Core%20%28microarchitecture%29 | The Intel Core microarchitecture (provisionally referred to as Next Generation Micro-architecture, and developed as Merom) is a multi-core processor microarchitecture launched by Intel in mid-2006. It is a major evolution over the Yonah, the previous iteration of the P6 microarchitecture series which started in 1995 wi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conference%20on%20Automated%20Deduction | The Conference on Automated Deduction (CADE) is the premier academic conference on automated deduction and related fields. The first CADE was organized in 1974 at the Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago. Most CADE meetings have been held in Europe and the United States. However, conferences have been held all over... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichosanthes%20cucumerina | Trichosanthes cucumerina is a tropical or subtropical vine. Its variety T. cucumerina var. anguina raised for its strikingly long fruit. In Asia, it is eaten immature as a vegetable much like the summer squash and in Africa, the reddish pulp of mature snake gourd is used as an economical substitute for tomato. Common n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20autoionization | In chemistry, molecular autoionization (or self-ionization) is a chemical reaction between molecules of the same substance to produce ions. If a pure liquid partially dissociates into ions, it is said to be self-ionizing. In most cases the oxidation number on all atoms in such a reaction remains unchanged. Such autoion... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciphertext%20expansion | In cryptography, the term ciphertext expansion refers to the length increase of a message when it is encrypted. Many modern cryptosystems cause some degree of expansion during the encryption process, for instance when the resulting ciphertext must include a message-unique Initialization Vector (IV). Probabilistic encr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20hyphen | In Latin script, the double hyphen is a punctuation mark that consists of two parallel hyphens. It was a development of the earlier , which developed from a Central European variant of the virgule slash, originally a form of scratch comma. Similar marks (see below) are used in other scripts.
In order to avoid it bei... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorapidity | In experimental particle physics, pseudorapidity, , is a commonly used spatial coordinate describing the angle of a particle relative to the beam axis. It is defined as
where is the angle between the particle three-momentum and the positive direction of the beam axis. Inversely,
As a function of three-momentum , p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Q%20%28astronaut%20band%29 | Max Q is a Houston-based rock band whose members are all astronauts. It was formed in early 1987 by Brewster Shaw and Robert L. Gibson, recruiting George Nelson. Gibson has stated that he came up with the name "Max Q" (though recognizes that Shaw has also claimed having come up with the name himself), the engineering ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urushiol-induced%20contact%20dermatitis | Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis (also called Toxicodendron dermatitis or Rhus dermatitis) is a type of allergic contact dermatitis caused by the oil urushiol found in various plants, most notably sumac family species of the genus Toxicodendron: poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, and the Chinese lacquer tree. The... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid%20drive | In computing, a hybrid drive (solid state hybrid drive – SSHD) is a logical or physical storage device that combines a faster storage medium such as solid-state drive (SSD) with a higher-capacity hard disk drive (HDD). The intent is adding some of the speed of SSDs to the cost-effective storage capacity of traditional ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEDOT%3APSS | poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a polymer mixture of two ionomers. One component in this mixture is made up of polystyrene sulfonate which is a sulfonated polystyrene. Part of the sulfonyl groups are deprotonated and carry a negative charge. The other component poly(3,4-ethylenedio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctuality |
Punctuality is the characteristic of completing a required task or fulfilling an obligation before or at a previously designated time. "Punctual" is often used synonymously with "on time".
An opposite characteristic is tardiness.
Each culture tends to have its own understanding about what is considered an acceptable... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Float-zone%20silicon | Float-zone silicon is very pure silicon obtained by vertical zone melting. The process was developed at Bell Labs by Henry Theuerer in 1955 as a modification of a method developed by William Gardner Pfann for germanium. In the vertical configuration molten silicon has sufficient surface tension to keep the charge from ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20High%20Availability%20Cluster%20Multiprocessing | IBM PowerHA SystemMirror (formerly IBM PowerHA and HACMP) is IBM's solution for high-availability clusters on the AIX Unix and Linux for IBM System p platforms and stands for High Availability Cluster Multiprocessing. IBM's HACMP product was first shipped in 1991 and is now in its 20th release - PowerHA SystemMirror fo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-availability%20cluster | High-availability clusters (also known as HA clusters, fail-over clusters) are groups of computers that support server applications that can be reliably utilized with a minimum amount of down-time. They operate by using high availability software to harness redundant computers in groups or clusters that provide contin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s%20identities | In mathematics, Newton's identities, also known as the Girard–Newton formulae, give relations between two types of symmetric polynomials, namely between power sums and elementary symmetric polynomials. Evaluated at the roots of a monic polynomial P in one variable, they allow expressing the sums of the k-th powers of a... |
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