source
stringlengths
31
227
text
stringlengths
9
2k
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogart%E2%80%93Bacall%20syndrome
Bogart–Bacall syndrome (BBS) is a voice disorder that is caused by abuse or overuse of the vocal cords. People who speak or sing outside their normal vocal range can develop BBS; symptoms are chiefly an unusually deep or rough voice, or dysphonia, and vocal fatigue. The people most commonly affected are those who spea...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative%20frequency
Alternative frequency (or AF) is an option that allows a receiver to re-tune to a different frequency that provides the same station, when the first signal becomes too weak (e.g. when moving out of range). This is often used in car stereo systems, enabled by Radio Data System (RDS), or the U.S.-based Radio Broadcast Da...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl%20acetoacetate
The organic compound ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) is the ethyl ester of acetoacetic acid. It is a colorless liquid. It is widely used as a chemical intermediate in the production of a wide variety of compounds. It is used as a flavoring for food. Preparation Ethyl acetoacetate is produced industrially by treatment of dike...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems%20management
Systems management refers to enterprise-wide administration of distributed systems including (and commonly in practice) computer systems. Systems management is strongly influenced by network management initiatives in telecommunications. The application performance management (APM) technologies are now a subset of Sys...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multivector
In multilinear algebra, a multivector, sometimes called Clifford number or multor, is an element of the exterior algebra of a vector space . This algebra is graded, associative and alternating, and consists of linear combinations of simple -vectors (also known as decomposable -vectors or -blades) of the form where a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGB%20Eletr%C3%B4nica
IGB Eletrônica S.A. (Portuguese for IGB Electronics), doing business as Gradiente, is a Brazilian consumer electronics company based in Manaus, and with offices in São Paulo. The company designs and markets many product lines, including video (e.g. televisions, DVD players), audio, home theater, high end acoustics, off...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20Army%20Medical%20Research%20Institute%20of%20Infectious%20Diseases
The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID; ) is the U.S Army's main institution and facility for defensive research into countermeasures against biological warfare. It is located on Fort Detrick, Maryland, near Washington, D.C., and is a subordinate lab of the United States Army...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resummation
In mathematics and theoretical physics, resummation is a procedure to obtain a finite result from a divergent sum (series) of functions. Resummation involves a definition of another (convergent) function in which the individual terms defining the original function are re-scaled, and an integral transformation of this n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomalous%20magnetic%20dipole%20moment
In quantum electrodynamics, the anomalous magnetic moment of a particle is a contribution of effects of quantum mechanics, expressed by Feynman diagrams with loops, to the magnetic moment of that particle. The magnetic moment, also called magnetic dipole moment, is a measure of the strength of a magnetic source. The "...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brace%20%28tool%29
A brace is a hand tool used with a bit (drill bit or auger) to drill holes, usually in wood. Pressure is applied to the top while the handle is rotated. If the bit's lead and cutting spurs are both in good working order, the user should not have to apply any pressure other than for balance: the lead will pull the bit t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLOVER2000
CLOVER is the name of a series or class of modem modulation techniques (“waveforms”) specifically designed for use over high frequency (HF) radio systems. CLOVER-II was the first CLOVER waveform sold commercially, developed by Ray Petit, W7GHM, and HAL Communications in 1990–92. CLOVER-2000 is a higher-rate and wide...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSK63
PSK63 (meaning Phase Shift Keying at a rate of 63 baud) is a digital radio modulation mode used primarily in the amateur radio field to conduct real-time keyboard-to-keyboard informal text chat between amateur radio operators. History In April 2003, Skip Teller, KH6TY, the creator of Digipan, requested an addition to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor%20product%20of%20Hilbert%20spaces
In mathematics, and in particular functional analysis, the tensor product of Hilbert spaces is a way to extend the tensor product construction so that the result of taking a tensor product of two Hilbert spaces is another Hilbert space. Roughly speaking, the tensor product is the metric space completion of the ordinary...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PACTOR
PACTOR is a radio modulation mode used by amateur radio operators, marine radio stations, military or government users such as the US Department of Homeland Security, and radio stations in isolated areas to send and receive digital information via radio. PACTOR is an evolution of both AMTOR and packet radio; its name ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromuscular-blocking%20drug
Neuromuscular-blocking drugs, or Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs), block transmission at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis of the affected skeletal muscles. This is accomplished via their action on the post-synaptic acetylcholine (Nm) receptors. In clinical use, neuromuscular block is used adjunctivel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working%20animal
A working animal is an animal, usually domesticated, that is kept by humans and trained to perform tasks instead of being slaughtered to harvest animal products. Some are used for their physical strength (e.g. oxen and draft horses) or for transportation (e.g. riding horses and camels), while others are service animals...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20Fungorum
Index Fungorum is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is somewhat comparable to the Int...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20depth
In biological oceanography, critical depth is defined as a hypothetical surface mixing depth where phytoplankton growth is precisely matched by losses of phytoplankton biomass within the depth interval. This concept is useful for understanding the initiation of phytoplankton blooms. History Critical depth as an aspect...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparent%20Network%20Substrate
Transparent Network Substrate (TNS), a proprietary Oracle computer-networking technology, supports homogeneous peer-to-peer connectivity on top of other networking technologies such as TCP/IP, SDP and named pipes. TNS operates mainly for connection to Oracle databases. Protocol TNS uses a proprietary protocol. Some...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABTS
In biochemistry, ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) is a chemical compound used to observe the reaction kinetics of specific enzymes. A common use for it is in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the binding of molecules to each other. It is commonly used as a substrate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowing-afterglow%20mass%20spectrometry
Flowing-afterglow mass spectrometry (FA-MS), is an analytical chemistry technique for the sensitive detection of trace gases. Trace gas molecules are ionized by the production and flow of thermalized hydrated hydronium cluster ions in a plasma afterglow of helium or argon carrier gas along a flow tube following the int...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenestra
A fenestra (fenestration; : fenestrae or fenestrations) is any small opening or pore, commonly used as a term in the biological sciences. It is the Latin word for "window", and is used in various fields to describe a pore in an anatomical structure. Biological morphology In morphology, fenestrae are found in cancello...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullous%20pemphigoid
Bullous pemphigoid (a type of pemphigoid) is an autoimmune pruritic skin disease that typically occurs in people aged over 60, that may involve the formation of blisters (bullae) in the space between the epidermal and dermal skin layers. It is classified as a type II hypersensitivity reaction, which involves formation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%20propagation
Unit propagation (UP) or Boolean Constraint propagation (BCP) or the one-literal rule (OLR) is a procedure of automated theorem proving that can simplify a set of (usually propositional) clauses. Definition The procedure is based on unit clauses, i.e. clauses that are composed of a single literal, in conjunctive norm...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomoplasmatales
Entomoplasmatales is a small order of mollicute bacteria. The genus Spiroplasma is part of this order. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) See also List of bacterial orders ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoGebra
GeoGebra (a portmanteau of geometry and algebra) is an interactive geometry, algebra, statistics and calculus application, intended for learning and teaching mathematics and science from primary school to university level. GeoGebra is available on multiple platforms, with apps for desktops (Windows, macOS and Linux), t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean-valued%20model
In mathematical logic, a Boolean-valued model is a generalization of the ordinary Tarskian notion of structure from model theory. In a Boolean-valued model, the truth values of propositions are not limited to "true" and "false", but instead take values in some fixed complete Boolean algebra. Boolean-valued models were...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographical%20variant
In biology, within the science of scientific nomenclature, i.e. the naming of organisms, an orthographical variant (abbreviated orth. var.) in botany or an orthographic error in zoology, is a spelling mistake, typing mistake or writing mistake within a scientific publication that resulted in a somewhat different name ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davis%E2%80%93Putnam%20algorithm
The Davis–Putnam algorithm was developed by Martin Davis and Hilary Putnam for checking the validity of a first-order logic formula using a resolution-based decision procedure for propositional logic. Since the set of valid first-order formulas is recursively enumerable but not recursive, there exists no general algori...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiative%20for%20Open%20Authentication
Initiative for Open Authentication (OATH) is an industry-wide collaboration to develop an open reference architecture using open standards to promote the adoption of strong authentication. It has close to thirty coordinating and contributing members and is proposing standards for a variety of authentication technologie...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbra
Zimbra Collaboration, formerly known as the Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) before 2019, is a collaborative software suite that includes an email server and a web client. Zimbra was initially developed by LiquidSys, which changed their name to Zimbra, Inc. on 26 July 2005. The Zimbra Collaboration Suite was first rel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantor%27s%20paradox
In set theory, Cantor's paradox states that there is no set of all cardinalities. This is derived from the theorem that there is no greatest cardinal number. In informal terms, the paradox is that the collection of all possible "infinite sizes" is not only infinite, but so infinitely large that its own infinite size ca...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8rensen%20formol%20titration
The Sørensen formol titration(SFT) invented by S. P. L. Sørensen in 1907 is a titration of an amino acid with potassium hydroxide in the presence of formaldehyde. It is used in the determination of protein content in samples. If instead of an amino acid an ammonium salt is used the reaction product with formaldehyde ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelog%20strain
In organic chemistry, transannular strain (also called Prelog strain after chemist Vladimir Prelog) is the unfavorable interactions of ring substituents on non-adjacent carbons. These interactions, called transannular interactions, arise from a lack of space in the interior of the ring, which forces substituents into c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGMS-A
Copy Generation Management System – Analog (CGMS-A) is a copy protection mechanism for analog television signals. It consists of a waveform inserted into the non-picture vertical blanking interval (VBI) of an analogue video signal. If a compatible recording device (for example, a DVD recorder) detects this waveform, it...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytomy
An internal node of a phylogenetic tree is described as a polytomy or multifurcation if (i) it is in a rooted tree and is linked to three or more child subtrees or (ii) it is in an unrooted tree and is attached to four or more branches. A tree that contains any multifurcations can be described as a multifurcating tr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boole%27s%20expansion%20theorem
Boole's expansion theorem, often referred to as the Shannon expansion or decomposition, is the identity: , where is any Boolean function, is a variable, is the complement of , and and are with the argument set equal to and to respectively. The terms and are sometimes called the positive and negative Shannon ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translational%20medicine
Translational medicine (often called translational science, of which it is a form) develops the clinical practice applications of the basic science aspects of the biomedical sciences; that is, it translates basic science to applied science in medical practice. It is defined by the European Society for Translational Med...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyphen-minus
The hyphen-minus is the most commonly used type of hyphen, widely used in digital documents. In ASCII or on most keyboards it is the only character that resembles a minus sign or a dash so it is also used for these. The name "hyphen-minus" derives from the original ASCII standard, where it was called "hyphen–(minus)"....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational%20amplifier%20applications
This article illustrates some typical operational amplifier applications. A non-ideal operational amplifier's equivalent circuit has a finite input impedance, a non-zero output impedance, and a finite gain. A real op-amp has a number of non-ideal features as shown in the diagram, but here a simplified schematic notatio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20molasses
Optical molasses is a laser cooling technique that can cool neutral atoms to temperatures lower than a magneto-optical trap (MOT). An optical molasses consists of 3 pairs of counter-propagating circularly polarized laser beams intersecting in the region where the atoms are present. The main difference between optical m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litter%20%28zoology%29
A litter is the live birth of multiple offspring at one time in animals from the same mother and usually from one set of parents, particularly from three to eight offspring. The word is most often used for the offspring of mammals, but can be used for any animal that gives birth to multiple young. In comparison, a grou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency%20power%20system
An emergency power system is an independent source of electrical power that supports important electrical systems on loss of normal power supply. A standby power system may include a standby generator, batteries and other apparatus. Emergency power systems are installed to protect life and property from the consequence...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic%20goose
A domestic goose is a goose that humans have domesticated and kept for their meat, eggs, or down feathers. Domestic geese have been derived through selective breeding from the wild greylag goose (Anser anser domesticus) and swan goose (Anser cygnoides domesticus). Origins In Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port-Royal%20Logic
Port-Royal Logic, or Logique de Port-Royal, is the common name of La logique, ou l'art de penser, an important textbook on logic first published anonymously in 1662 by Antoine Arnauld and Pierre Nicole, two prominent members of the Jansenist movement, centered on Port-Royal. Blaise Pascal likely contributed considerabl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word%20Munchers
Word Munchers is a 1985 video game and the first of the Munchers educational series. It was made by MECC for Apple II, then ported to DOS and Macintosh in 1991. It was re-released in 1996 for Windows and Macintosh as "Word Munchers Deluxe". The concept of the game was designed by Philip R. Bouchard, who also designed T...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancing%20Links
In computer science, dancing links (DLX) is a technique for adding and deleting a node from a circular doubly linked list. It is particularly useful for efficiently implementing backtracking algorithms, such as Knuth's Algorithm X for the exact cover problem. Algorithm X is a recursive, nondeterministic, depth-first, b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worm-like%20chain
The worm-like chain (WLC) model in polymer physics is used to describe the behavior of polymers that are semi-flexible: fairly stiff with successive segments pointing in roughly the same direction, and with persistence length within a few orders of magnitude of the polymer length. The WLC model is the continuous versio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulipwood
Most commonly, tulipwood is the greenish yellowish wood yielded from the tulip tree, found on the Eastern side of North America and a similar species in some parts of China. In the United States, it is commonly known as tulip poplar or yellow poplar, even though the tree is not related to the poplars. It is notable for...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myristoylation
Myristoylation is a lipidation modification where a myristoyl group, derived from myristic acid, is covalently attached by an amide bond to the alpha-amino group of an N-terminal glycine residue. Myristic acid is a 14-carbon saturated fatty acid (14:0) with the systematic name of n-tetradecanoic acid. This modificat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclature%20codes
Nomenclature codes or codes of nomenclature are the various rulebooks that govern biological taxonomic nomenclature, each in their own broad field of organisms. To an end-user who only deals with names of species, with some awareness that species are assignable to genera, families, and other taxa of higher ranks, it ma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20number%20generation
Random number generation is a process by which, often by means of a random number generator (RNG), a sequence of numbers or symbols that cannot be reasonably predicted better than by random chance is generated. This means that the particular outcome sequence will contain some patterns detectable in hindsight but imposs...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangstad%20syndrome
Bangstad syndrome is a severe, inherited congenital disorder associated with abnormalities of the cell membrane. It was characterized in 1989 by H. J. Bangstad. Presentation Presenting at birth, features of the disorder include moderately severe IUGR, microcephaly, craniosynostosis, moderately severe post-uterine gro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Clive%20Ward
John Clive Ward, (1 August 1924 – 6 May 2000) was a Anglo-Australian physicist who made significant contributions to quantum field theory, condensed-matter physics, and statistical mechanics. Andrei Sakharov called Ward one of the titans of quantum electrodynamics. Ward introduced the Ward–Takahashi identity. He was ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaStation
The JavaStation was a Network Computer (NC) developed by Sun Microsystems between 1996 and 2000, intended to run only Java applications. The hardware is based on the design of the Sun SPARCstation series, a very successful line of UNIX workstations. The JavaStation, as an NC, lacks a hard drive, floppy or CD-ROM dri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q15X25
Q15X25 is a communications protocol for sending data over a radio link. It was designed by amateur radio operator Pawel Jalocha, SP9VRC, to be an open communications standard. Like all amateur radio communications modes, this protocol uses open transmissions which can be received and decoded by anyone with similar equi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warewulf
Warewulf is a computer cluster implementation toolkit that facilitates the process of installing a cluster and long term administration. It does this by changing the administration paradigm to make all of the slave node file systems manageable from one point, and automate the distribution of the node file system during...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence%20bandwidth
Coherence bandwidth is a statistical measurement of the range of frequencies over which the channel can be considered "flat", or in other words the approximate maximum bandwidth or frequency interval over which two frequencies of a signal are likely to experience comparable or correlated amplitude fading. If the multip...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggs%20per%20gram
Eggs per gram (eggs/g) is a laboratory test that determines the number of eggs per gram of feces in patients suspected of having a parasitological infection, such as schistosomiasis. Measuring the number of eggs per gram is the primary diagnostic method for schistosomiasis, as opposed to a blood test. Eggs per gram or...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoepistemic%20logic
The autoepistemic logic is a formal logic for the representation and reasoning of knowledge about knowledge. While propositional logic can only express facts, autoepistemic logic can express knowledge and lack of knowledge about facts. The stable model semantics, which is used to give a semantics to logic programming ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern%20bar
Fern bar is an American slang term for an upscale or preppy (or yuppie) bar or tavern catering to singles, usually decorated with ferns or other greenery, as well as such decor as fake Tiffany lamps. The phrase came into common regional usage in the late 1970s. History One of the first fern bars was the original T.G...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandemly%20arrayed%20genes
Tandemly arrayed genes (TAGs) are a gene cluster created by tandem duplications, a process in which one gene is duplicated and the copy is found adjacent to the original. They serve to encode large numbers of genes at a time. TAGs represent a large proportion of genes in a genome, including between 14% and 17% of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive%20permutation%20group
In mathematics, a permutation group G acting on a non-empty finite set X is called primitive if G acts transitively on X and the only partitions the G-action preserves are the trivial partitions into either a single set or into |X| singleton sets. Otherwise, if G is transitive and G does preserve a nontrivial partition...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix%20Guzman
The Prix Pierre Guzman (Pierre Guzman Prize) was the name given to two prizes, one astronomical and one medical. Both were established by the will of Anne Emilie Clara Goguet (died June 30, 1891), wife of Marc Guzman, and named after her son Pierre Guzman. Astronomical This prize was a sum of 100,000 francs, to be gi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peukert%27s%20law
Peukert's law, presented by the German scientist in 1897, expresses approximately the change in capacity of rechargeable lead–acid batteries at different rates of discharge. As the rate of discharge increases, the battery's available capacity decreases, approximately according to Peukert's law. Batteries Manufacturer...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmesis
Cosmesis is the preservation, restoration, or bestowing of bodily beauty. In the medical context, it usually refers to the surgical correction of a disfiguring defect, or the cosmetic improvements made by a surgeon following incisions. Its use is generally limited to the additional, usually minor, steps that the surgeo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osculating%20plane
In mathematics, particularly in differential geometry, an osculating plane is a plane in a Euclidean space or affine space which meets a submanifold at a point in such a way as to have a second order of contact at the point. The word osculate is from the Latin osculatus which is a past participle of osculari, meaning ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mott%20insulator
Mott insulators are a class of materials that are expected to conduct electricity according to conventional band theories, but turn out to be insulators (particularly at low temperatures). These insulators fail to be correctly described by band theories of solids due to their strong electron–electron interactions, whic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hom%20functor
In mathematics, specifically in category theory, hom-sets (i.e. sets of morphisms between objects) give rise to important functors to the category of sets. These functors are called hom-functors and have numerous applications in category theory and other branches of mathematics. Formal definition Let C be a locally sm...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorescent%20organic%20light-emitting%20diode
Phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLED) are a type of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) that use the principle of phosphorescence to obtain higher internal efficiencies than fluorescent OLEDs. This technology is currently under development by many industrial and academic research groups. Method of oper...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promotional%20video
In video production, a promotional video is marketing or advertising: Arts, media and entertainment Promotional recording, an audio or video recording distributed to publicize a recording Trailer (promotion), a commercial advertisement for a feature film Music video, a short film that integrates a song with imagery...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Pinkerton%20%28computer%20designer%29
John Maurice McClean Pinkerton (2 August 1919 – 22 December 1997) was a pioneering British computer designer. Along with David Caminer, he designed England's first business computer, the LEO computer, produced by J. Lyons and Co in 1951. Personal life John Pinkerton was educated at King Edward's School, Bath, and Cli...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20E.%20P.%20Box
George Edward Pelham Box (18 October 1919 – 28 March 2013) was a British statistician, who worked in the areas of quality control, time-series analysis, design of experiments, and Bayesian inference. He has been called "one of the great statistical minds of the 20th century". Education and early life He was born in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karyolysis
Karyolysis (from Greek κάρυον karyon—kernel, seed, or nucleus), and λύσις lysis from λύειν lyein, "to separate") is the complete dissolution of the chromatin of a dying cell due to the enzymatic degradation by endonucleases. The whole cell will eventually stain uniformly with eosin after karyolysis. It is usually assoc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level%20%28optical%20instrument%29
A level is an optical instrument used to establish or verify points in the same horizontal plane in a process known as levelling. It is used in conjunction with a levelling staff to establish the relative height or levels (the vertical separation) of objects or marks. It is widely used in surveying and construction to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC-based%20one-time%20password
HMAC-based one-time password (HOTP) is a one-time password (OTP) algorithm based on HMAC. It is a cornerstone of the Initiative for Open Authentication (OATH). HOTP was published as an informational IETF RFC 4226 in December 2005, documenting the algorithm along with a Java implementation. Since then, the algorithm ha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Baldy%20%28horse%29
Old Baldy (ca. 1852 – December 16, 1882) was the horse ridden by Union Major General George G. Meade at the Battle of Gettysburg and in many other important battles of the American Civil War. Early life and Civil War service Baldy was born and raised on the western frontier and at the start of the Civil War was owne...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers%20in%20Egyptian%20mythology
Certain numbers were considered sacred, holy, or magical by the ancient Egyptians, particularly 2, 3, 4, 7, and their multiples and sums. Three: symbol of plurality The basic symbol for plurality among the ancient Egyptians was the number three: even the way they wrote the word for "plurality" in hieroglyphics consist...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20cat%20body-type%20mutations
Cats, like all living organisms, occasionally have mutations that affect their body type. Sometimes, these mutations are striking enough that humans select for and perpetuate them. However, in relatively small or isolated feral cat populations the mutations can also spread without human intervention, for example on isl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20Association
The Mathematical Association is a professional society concerned with mathematics education in the UK. History It was founded in 1871 as the Association for the Improvement of Geometrical Teaching and renamed to the Mathematical Association in 1894. It was the first teachers' subject organisation formed in England. In...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibritumomab%20tiuxetan
Ibritumomab tiuxetan (pronounced ), sold under the trade name Zevalin, is a monoclonal antibody radioimmunotherapy treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The drug uses the monoclonal mouse IgG1 antibody ibritumomab in conjunction with the chelator tiuxetan, to which a radioactive isotope (either yttrium-90 or indium-111...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric%20escape
Atmospheric escape is the loss of planetary atmospheric gases to outer space. A number of different mechanisms can be responsible for atmospheric escape; these processes can be divided into thermal escape, non-thermal (or suprathermal) escape, and impact erosion. The relative importance of each loss process depends on ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toile
Toile (French for "canvas") is a textile fabric comparable to fine batiste with a cloth weave. Natural silk or chemical fiber filaments are usually used as materials. The word toile can refer to the fabric itself or to a test garment sewn from calico. The French term toile entered the English language around the 12th c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DPLL%20algorithm
In logic and computer science, the Davis–Putnam–Logemann–Loveland (DPLL) algorithm is a complete, backtracking-based search algorithm for deciding the satisfiability of propositional logic formulae in conjunctive normal form, i.e. for solving the CNF-SAT problem. It was introduced in 1961 by Martin Davis, George Logem...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray%20absorption%20spectroscopy
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a widely used technique for determining the local geometric and/or electronic structure of matter. The experiment is usually performed at synchrotron radiation facilities, which provide intense and tunable X-ray beams. Samples can be in the gas phase, solutions, or solids. Backgr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blusher
The blusher is the common name for several closely related species of the genus Amanita. A. rubescens or the blushing amanita, is found in Europe and eastern North America, and A. novinupta, also known as the new bride blushing amanita, is found in western North America. Both their scientific and common names are deriv...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20National%20Corpus
The American National Corpus (ANC) is a text corpus of American English containing 22 million words of written and spoken data produced since 1990. Currently, the ANC includes a range of genres, including emerging genres such as email, tweets, and web data that are not included in earlier corpora such as the British N...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo%20Dispatch
Turbo Dispatch is a public domain standard for the electronic transfer of job details, initially using packet radio, but now also using the internet. It is used throughout the United Kingdom to pass the details of stranded motorists between all the major UK motoring organisations and their 400 plus vehicle recovery age...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulated%20robot
An articulated robot is a robot with rotary joints (e.g. a legged robot or an industrial robot). Articulated robots can range from simple two-jointed structures to systems with 10 or more interacting joints and materials. They are powered by a variety of means, including electric motors. Some types of robots, such as...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium%20thermodynamics
Equilibrium Thermodynamics is the systematic study of transformations of matter and energy in systems in terms of a concept called thermodynamic equilibrium. The word equilibrium implies a state of balance. Equilibrium thermodynamics, in origins, derives from analysis of the Carnot cycle. Here, typically a system, a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic%20state
In thermodynamics, a thermodynamic state of a system is its condition at a specific time; that is, fully identified by values of a suitable set of parameters known as state variables, state parameters or thermodynamic variables. Once such a set of values of thermodynamic variables has been specified for a system, the v...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimp%20on%20the%20barbie
"Shrimp on the barbie" is a phrase that originated in a series of television advertisements by the Australian Tourism Commission broadcast in the US and UK starring Paul Hogan from 1984 through to 1990. The full quote spoken by Hogan is "I'll slip an extra shrimp on the barbie for you", and the actual slogan of the ad ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20thermodynamics
Biological thermodynamics (Thermodynamics of biological systems) is a science that explains the nature and general laws of thermodynamic processes occurring in living organisms as nonequilibrium thermodynamic systems that convert the energy of the Sun and food into other types of energy. The nonequilibrium thermodynami...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramicidin%20S
Gramicidin S or Gramicidin Soviet is an antibiotic that is effective against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as some fungi. It is a derivative of gramicidin, produced by the gram-positive bacterium Brevibacillus brevis. Gramicidin S is a cyclodecapeptide, constructed as two identical pentapeptide...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synergetics%20%28Haken%29
Synergetics is an interdisciplinary science explaining the formation and self-organization of patterns and structures in open systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium. It is founded by Hermann Haken, inspired by the laser theory. Haken's interpretation of the laser principles as self-organization of non-equilibrium s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jock%20Tamson%27s%20bairns
"Jock Tamson's bairns" is a Scots (and Northumbrian English) dialect version of "Jack (John) Thomson's children" but both Jock and Tamson in this context take on the connotation of Everyman. The Dictionary of the Scots Language gives the following definitions: Jock: (1) A generic term for a man, a male person. (34) Jo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-invariant%20measure
In mathematics, a quasi-invariant measure μ with respect to a transformation T, from a measure space X to itself, is a measure which, roughly speaking, is multiplied by a numerical function of T. An important class of examples occurs when X is a smooth manifold M, T is a diffeomorphism of M, and μ is any measure that l...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasiconformal%20mapping
In mathematical complex analysis, a quasiconformal mapping, introduced by and named by , is a homeomorphism between plane domains which to first order takes small circles to small ellipses of bounded eccentricity. Intuitively, let f : D → D′ be an orientation-preserving homeomorphism between open sets in the plane. I...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossed%20product
In mathematics, and more specifically in the theory of von Neumann algebras, a crossed product is a basic method of constructing a new von Neumann algebra from a von Neumann algebra acted on by a group. It is related to the semidirect product construction for groups. (Roughly speaking, crossed product is the expected...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tait%20conjectures
The Tait conjectures are three conjectures made by 19th-century mathematician Peter Guthrie Tait in his study of knots. The Tait conjectures involve concepts in knot theory such as alternating knots, chirality, and writhe. All of the Tait conjectures have been solved, the most recent being the Flyping conjecture. Back...