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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20situ
In situ (; often not italicized in English) is a Latin phrase that translates literally to "on site" or "in position." It can mean "locally", "on site", "on the premises", or "in place" to describe where an event takes place and is used in many different contexts. For example, in fields such as physics, geology, chemis...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexis%20diagram
In demography a Lexis diagram (named after economist and social scientist Wilhelm Lexis) is a two dimensional diagram used to represent events (such as births or deaths) that occur to individuals belonging to different cohorts. Calendar time is usually represented on the horizontal axis, while age is represented on th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinf
Zinf is a free audio player for Unix-like and Windows operating systems. Zinf is released under the GNU General Public License. Zinf is a continuation of the FreeAmp project and uses the same source code. Technical features Zinf can play sound files in MP3, Vorbis, and WAV formats, among others. It supports skins an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squamosa%20promoter%20binding%20protein
The SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like (SBP or SPL) family of transcription factors are defined by a plant-specific DNA-binding domain. The founding member of the family was identified based on its specific in vitro binding to the promoter of the snapdragon SQUAMOSA gene. SBP proteins are thought to be transcriptio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leafnode
Leafnode is a store-and-forward NNTP (or Usenet) proxy server designed for small sites with just a few active newsgroups, but very easy to set up and maintain, when compared to INN. Originally created by Arnt Gulbrandsen in 1995 while he was working at Trolltech, it is currently maintained by Matthias Andree and Ral...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley%20Models
Berkeley Models, Inc. was an American company that manufactured model-airplane kits that pioneered such firsts as the nation's first gas model plane kit, and which became one of the industry's leading companies. Founded in the Brooklyn borough of New York City, New York, and later based in West Hempstead, New York, it...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation%20universe
The Foundation universe is the future history of humanity's colonisation of the galaxy, spanning nearly 25,000 years, created through the gradual fusion of the Robot, Galactic Empire, and Foundation book series written by American author Isaac Asimov. Works set in the universe Asimov's Greater Foundation series Merg...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraperitoneal%20space
The extraperitoneal space is the portion of the abdomen and pelvis which does not lie within the peritoneum. It includes: Retroperitoneal space, situated posteriorly to the peritoneum Preperitoneal space, situated anteriorly to the peritoneum Retropubic space, deep to the pubic bone Retro-inguinal space, deep to t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-stoichiometric%20compound
Non-stoichiometric compounds are chemical compounds, almost always solid inorganic compounds, having elemental composition whose proportions cannot be represented by a ratio of small natural numbers (i.e. an empirical formula); most often, in such materials, some small percentage of atoms are missing or too many atoms ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Power%20of%20Half
The Power of Half: One Family's Decision to Stop Taking and Start Giving Back is a book written by Kevin Salwen and his teenage daughter Hannah in 2010. The book describes how the Salwen family decided to sell their home so that they could donate half the proceeds to charity. It discusses the initial decision-making,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactate%20shuttle%20hypothesis
The lactate shuttle hypothesis describes the movement of lactate intracellularly (within a cell) and intercellularly (between cells). The hypothesis is based on the observation that lactate is formed and utilized continuously in diverse cells under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Further, lactate produced at si...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day-night%20average%20sound%20level
The day-night average sound level (Ldn or DNL) is the average noise level over a 24-hour period. The noise level measurements between the hours of 22:00 and 07:00 are artificially increased by 10 dB before averaging. This noise is weighted to take into account the decrease in community background noise of 10 dB during ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial%20password
A partial password is a mode of password authentication intended to make keystroke logging and shoulder surfing less effective. By asking the user to enter only a few specific characters from their password, rather than the whole password, partial passwords help to protect the user from password theft. As only part of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living%20Planet%20Index
The Living Planet Index (LPI) is an indicator of the state of global biological diversity, based on trends in vertebrate populations of species from around the world. The Zoological Society of London (ZSL) manages the index in cooperation with the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). As of 2022, the index is statisticall...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meristem
The meristem is a type of tissue found in plants. It consists of undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells) capable of cell division. Cells in the meristem can develop into all the other tissues and organs that occur in plants. These cells continue to divide until a time when they get differentiated and then lose the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20Korean%20Language%20Dictionary
Standard Korean Language Dictionary () is a dictionary of the Korean language, published by the National Institute of Korean Language. History The compilation of Standard Korean Language Dictionary was commenced on 1 January 1992, by The National Academy of the Korean Language, the predecessor of the National Institu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary%20electrochromatography
In chemical analysis, capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a chromatographic technique in which the mobile phase is driven through the chromatographic bed by electro-osmosis. Capillary electrochromatography is a combination of two analytical techniques, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electroph...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchoconstriction
Bronchoconstriction is the constriction of the airways in the lungs due to the tightening of surrounding smooth muscle, with consequent coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Causes The condition has a number of causes, the most common being emphysema as well as asthma. Exer an otherwise asymptomatic individual....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic%20%28programming%29
In the context of computer programming, magic is an informal term for abstraction; it is used to describe code that handles complex tasks while hiding that complexity to present a simple interface. The term is somewhat tongue-in-cheek, and often carries bad connotations, implying that the true behavior of the code is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative%20treatments%20used%20for%20the%20common%20cold
Alternative treatments used for the common cold include numerous home remedies and alternative medicines. Scientific research regarding the efficacy of each treatment is generally nonexistent or inconclusive. Current best evidence indicates prevention, including hand washing and neatness, and management of symptoms. E...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal%20system
A formal system is an abstract structure or formalization of an axiomatic system used for inferring theorems from axioms by a set of inference rules. In 1921, David Hilbert proposed to use the formal system as the foundation for the knowledge in mathematics. The term formalism is sometimes a rough synonym for formal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialist%20feminism
Materialist feminism highlights capitalism and patriarchy as a central aspect in understanding women's oppression. It focuses on the material, or physical, aspects that define oppression. Under materialist feminism, gender is seen as a social construct, and society forces gender roles, such as rearing children, onto wo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drupal
Drupal () is a free and open-source web content management system (CMS) written in PHP and distributed under the GNU General Public License. Drupal provides an open-source back-end framework for at least 14% of the top 10,000 websites worldwide and 1.2% of the top 10 million websites—ranging from personal blogs to corp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20geodesic
In mathematics, a complex geodesic is a generalization of the notion of geodesic to complex spaces. Definition Let (X, || ||) be a complex Banach space and let B be the open unit ball in X. Let Δ denote the open unit disc in the complex plane C, thought of as the Poincaré disc model for 2-dimensional real/1-dimensiona...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log%20semiring
In mathematics, in the field of tropical analysis, the log semiring is the semiring structure on the logarithmic scale, obtained by considering the extended real numbers as logarithms. That is, the operations of addition and multiplication are defined by conjugation: exponentiate the real numbers, obtaining a positive ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloch%27s%20higher%20Chow%20group
In algebraic geometry, Bloch's higher Chow groups, a generalization of Chow group, is a precursor and a basic example of motivic cohomology (for smooth varieties). It was introduced by Spencer Bloch and the basic theory has been developed by Bloch and Marc Levine. In more precise terms, a theorem of Voevodsky implies...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTC%20Integrity
PTC Integrity Lifecycle Manager (formerly MKS Integrity) is a software system lifecycle management (SSLM) and application lifecycle management (ALM) platform developed by MKS Inc. and was first released in 2001. The software is client/server, with both desktop (java/swing) and web client interfaces. It provides softwar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limnoscelis
Limnoscelis (\ limˈnäsələ̇s \, meaning "marsh footed") was a genus of large diadectomorph tetrapods from the Late Carboniferous of western North America. It includes two species: the type species Limnoscelis paludis from New Mexico, and Limnoscelis dynatis from Colorado, both of which are thought to have lived concurre...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intubation%20granuloma
Intubation granuloma is a benign growth of granulation tissue in the larynx or trachea, which arises from tissue trauma due to endotracheal intubation. This medical condition is described as a common late complication of tracheal intubation, specifically caused by irritation to the mucosal tissue of the airway during i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Harman%20%28computer%20scientist%29
Prof. Mark Harman is a British computer scientist. Since 2010, he has been a professor at University College London (UCL) and since 2017 he has been at Facebook London. He was founder of the Centre for Research on Evolution Search and Testing (CREST) initially at King's College London in 2006, latterly at UCL, and was ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webtrees
webtrees is a free open source web-based genealogy application intended for collaborative use. It requires a web server that has PHP and MySQL installed. It is compatible with standard 5.5.1-GEDCOM files. History webtrees is a fork of PhpGedView, it was created in early 2010, when a majority of active PhpGedView de...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assessment%20and%20plan
The assessment and plan (abbreviated A/P" or A&P) is a component of an admission note. Assessment includes a discussion of the differential diagnosis and supporting history and exam findings. The plan is typically broken out by problem or system. Each problem should include: brief summary of the problem, perhaps in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apulet
An apulet is a component of the Cell computer architecture consisting of a bundle comprising a data object and the code necessary to perform an action upon it. The Cell architecture calls for several APUs (Attached Processing Units) which do the primary processing of the system, under the control of a single Processin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi%20hotspot
A hotspot is a physical location where people can obtain Internet access, typically using Wi-Fi technology, via a wireless local-area network (WLAN) using a router connected to an Internet service provider. Public hotspots may be created by a business for use by customers, such as coffee shops or hotels. Public hotspo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interthalamic%20adhesion
The interthalamic adhesion (also known as the intermediate mass or middle commissure) is a flattened band of tissue that connects both parts of the thalamus at their medial surfaces. The medial surfaces form the upper part of the lateral wall to the third ventricle. In humans, it is only about one centimeter long – th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Plant%20Sciences%2C%20University%20of%20Oxford
The Department of Plant Sciences, at the University of Oxford, England, was a former Oxford department that researched plant and fungal biology. It was part of the university's Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences Division. From 1 August 2022 its functionality merged with the Department of Zoology to become the Dep...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild%20Flower%20Society%20%28UK%29
The Wild Flower Society is a society for a wide range of flower enthusiasts, from serious botanists to beginners. It arranges field trips and meetings, publishes the Wild Flower Magazine, offers prizes and has a children's section. Most members keep diaries of observations, and may photograph plants. History It was f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitfrost
Bitfrost is the security design specification for the OLPC XO, a low cost laptop intended for children in developing countries and developed by the One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) project. Bitfrost's main architect is Ivan Krstić. The first public specification was made available in February 2007. Bitfrost architecture P...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craspedoporus%20elegans
Craspedoporus elegans is an extinct marine species of diatom from a deposit from Oamaru, Otago, New Zealand.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autologistic%20actor%20attribute%20models
Autologistic actor attribute models (ALAAMs) are a family of statistical models used to model the occurrence of node attributes (individual-level outcomes) in network data. They are frequently used with social network data to model social influence, the process by which connections in a social network influence the out...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routh%E2%80%93Hurwitz%20stability%20criterion
In the control system theory, the Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion is a mathematical test that is a necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of a linear time-invariant (LTI) dynamical system or control system. A stable system is one whose output signal is bounded; the position, velocity or energy do not in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meprin%20A
Meprin A (, endopeptidase-2, meprin-a, meprin, N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid hydrolase, PABA-peptide hydrolase, PPH) is an enzyme that cleaves protein and peptide substrates preferentially on carboxyl side of hydrophobic residues. This metalloprotease can be associated with inflammatory responses. It can be f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Lambrecht
Walter R. L. Lambrecht (born 1955) is a Belgian physicist. Born in Aalst, Belgium, in 1955, Lambrecht attended the University of Ghent, where he earned a Lic. Sc. and a Dr. Sc. in 1977 and 1980, respectively. He is a professor at Case Western Reserve University. In 2002, Lambrecht was elected a fellow of the American ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo%20Gateway%20System
The Nintendo Gateway System is a version of the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy, Game Boy Color, Game Boy Advance, Nintendo 64, or GameCube that was installed on some Northwest, Singapore Airlines, Air China, Air Canada, Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane, All Nippon Airways, British Midland International, Kuw...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EUCMOS
EUCMOS is the abbreviation of the conference series "European Congress on Molecular Spectroscopy". Scope The European Congress on Molecular Spectroscopy (EUCMOS) is held every two years. The first Congress in this series was held in Basel (Switzerland) in 1951. It focuses on all aspects of spectroscopic methods and t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquisitive%20semantics
Inquisitive semantics is a framework in logic and natural language semantics. In inquisitive semantics, the semantic content of a sentence captures both the information that the sentence conveys and the issue that it raises. The framework provides a foundation for the linguistic analysis of statements and questions. I...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down%20syndrome%20research
Research of Down syndrome-related genes is based on studying the genes located on chromosome 21. In general, this leads to an overexpression of the genes. Understanding the genes involved may help to target medical treatment to individuals with Down syndrome. It is estimated that chromosome 21 contains 200 to 250 ge...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential%20isomorphism
In mathematical logic and in particular in model theory, a potential isomorphism is a collection of finite partial isomorphisms between two models which satisfies certain closure conditions. Existence of a partial isomorphism entails elementary equivalence, however the converse is not generally true, but it holds for ω...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewall%20Wright%20Award
The Sewall Wright Award is given annually by the American Society of Naturalists to a "senior-level" and active investigator making fundamental contributions the conceptual unification of the biological sciences. The award was established in 1991 and named after Sewall Wright. The recipient need not be a member of the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior%20hypogastric%20plexus
The inferior hypogastric plexus (pelvic plexus in some texts) is a network () of nerves that supplies the organs of the pelvic cavity. The inferior hypogastric plexus gives rise to the prostatic plexus in males and the uterovaginal plexus in females. The inferior hypogastric plexus is a paired structure, meaning there...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum%20airship
A vacuum airship, also known as a vacuum balloon, is a hypothetical airship that is evacuated rather than filled with a lighter-than-air gas such as hydrogen or helium. First proposed by Italian Jesuit priest Francesco Lana de Terzi in 1670, the vacuum balloon would be the ultimate expression of lifting power per volum...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aironet%20ARLAN
ARLAN is a family of both proprietary non-802.11 and 802.11-compliant wireless networking technologies developed and marketed by Aironet Wireless Communications in the 1990s prior to Aironet's acquisition by Cisco Systems. Operating in the 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz ISM bands and offering a nominal 2.0 Mbit/s throughput, the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal%20nerve%20of%20the%20penis
The dorsal nerve of the penis is the deepest of three divisions of the pudendal nerve; it accompanies the internal pudendal artery along the ramus of the ischium; it then runs forward along the margin of the inferior ramus of the pubis, between the superior and inferior layers of the fascia of the urogenital diaphragm...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary%20normed%20space
In functional analysis, two methods of constructing normed spaces from disks were systematically employed by Alexander Grothendieck to define nuclear operators and nuclear spaces. One method is used if the disk is bounded: in this case, the auxiliary normed space is with norm The other method is used if the disk ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waveform%20shaping
Waveform shaping in electronics is the modification of the shape of an electronic waveform. It is in close connection with waveform diversity and waveform design, which are extensively studied in signal processing. Shaping the waveforms are of particular interest in active sensing (radar, sonar) for better detection p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LANA
The latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA-1) or latent nuclear antigen (LNA, LNA-1) is a Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) latent protein initially found by Moore and colleagues as a speckled nuclear antigen present in primary effusion lymphoma cells that reacts with antibodies from patients with KS. It...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venture%20Arctic
Venture Arctic is an ecosystem simulation video game from Pocketwatch Games. Following its predecessor Wildlife Tycoon: Venture Africa, this Arctic sequel combines educational value and entertainment. The game allows players to build and manage ecosystems of Arctic animals by interacting with the environment using "too...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephus%20problem
In computer science and mathematics, the Josephus problem (or Josephus permutation) is a theoretical problem related to a certain counting-out game. Such games are used to pick out a person from a group, e.g. eeny, meeny, miny, moe. In the particular counting-out game that gives rise to the Josephus problem, a number...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard%20Delacroix
Gérard Delacroix (born 10 April 1956) is a French naval archaeologist, author and editor, specialised in maritime subjects of the 17th and 18th centuries. He has authored several monographs and articles. Biography Born to a family from Rochefort-sur-Mer with a maritime tradition, Gérard Delacroix grew an early intere...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zootope
Zootope is the total habitat available for colonisation within any certain ecotope or biotope by animal life. The community of animals so established constitutes the zoocoenosis of that ecotope. All these words (ecotope, biotope, zootope and others) describe environmental niches at very small scales of consideration. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaction%20Management%20eXecutive
Transaction Management eXecutive or TMX was NCR Corporation's proprietary transaction processing system running on NCR Tower 5000-series systems which were based on Motorola 680xx CPUs. This system was used mainly by financial institutions in the 1980s and 1990s. Features Basic features of the TMX operating system are...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20neuroscience%20databases
A number of online neuroscience databases are available which provide information regarding gene expression, neurons, macroscopic brain structure, and neurological or psychiatric disorders. Some databases contain descriptive and numerical data, some to brain function, others offer access to 'raw' imaging data, such as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ullage%20%28wine%29
Ullage (from the French ouillage) is a winemaking term that has several meanings but most commonly refers to the headspace of air between wine and the top of the container holding the wine. It can also refer to the process of evaporation that creates the headspace itself or it can be used as a past tense verb to descri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Holevo
Alexander Semenovich Holevo(, also spelled as Kholevo and Cholewo) is a Soviet and Russian mathematician, one of the pioneers of quantum information science. Biography Steklov Mathematical Institute, Moscow, since 1969. He graduated from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology in 1966, defended a PhD Thesis in 196...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription%20activator-like%20effector
TAL (transcription activator-like) effectors (often referred to as TALEs, but not to be confused with the three amino acid loop extension homeobox class of proteins) are proteins secreted by some β- and γ-proteobacteria. Most of these are Xanthomonads. Plant pathogenic Xanthomonas bacteria are especially known for TALE...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate%E2%80%93glutamine%20cycle
In biochemistry, the glutamate–glutamine cycle is a cyclic metabolic pathway which maintains an adequate supply of the neurotransmitter glutamate in the central nervous system. Neurons are unable to synthesize either the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, or the inhibitory GABA from glucose. Discoveries of glutamat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous%20flux
In photometry, luminous flux or luminous power is the measure of the perceived power of light. It differs from radiant flux, the measure of the total power of electromagnetic radiation (including infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light), in that luminous flux is adjusted to reflect the varying sensitivity of the human...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mating%20of%20yeast
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a simple single-celled eukaryote with both a diploid and haploid mode of existence. The mating of yeast only occurs between haploids, which can be either the a or α (alpha) mating type and thus display simple sexual differentiation. Mating type is determined by a single locus, MAT,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20anatomy
The history of anatomy extends from the earliest examinations of sacrificial victims to the sophisticated analyses of the body performed by modern anatomists and scientists. Written descriptions of human organs and parts can be traced back thousands of years to ancient Egyptian papyri, where attention to the body was n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choreographic%20programming
In computer science, choreographic programming is a programming paradigm where programs are compositions of interactions among multiple concurrent participants. Overview Choreographies In choreographic programming, developers use a choreographic programming language to define the intended communication behaviour of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20Space%20Track
Project Space Track was a research and development project of the US Air Force, to create a tracking system for all artificial satellites of the Earth and space probes, domestic and foreign. Project Space Track was started in 1957 at the Air Force Research Laboratory at Laurence G. Hanscom Field, now Hanscom Air Force...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divided%20power%20structure
In mathematics, specifically commutative algebra, a divided power structure is a way of making expressions of the form meaningful even when it is not possible to actually divide by . Definition Let A be a commutative ring with an ideal I. A divided power structure (or PD-structure, after the French puissances divis...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pappalysin-1
Pappalysin-1, also known as pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 protease is a protein encoded by the PAPPA gene in humans. PAPPA is a secreted protease whose main substrate is insulin-like growth factor binding proteins. Pappalysin-1 is also used in screening tests fo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Gold
Thomas Gold (May 22, 1920 – June 22, 2004) was an Austrian-born American astrophysicist, a professor of astronomy at Cornell University, a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and a Fellow of the Royal Society (London). Gold was one of three young Cambridge scientists who in 1948 proposed the now mostly ab...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brezis%E2%80%93Gallou%C3%ABt%20inequality
In mathematical analysis, the Brezis–Gallouët inequality, named after Haïm Brezis and Thierry Gallouët, is an inequality valid in 2 spatial dimensions. It shows that a function of two variables which is sufficiently smooth is (essentially) bounded, and provides an explicit bound, which depends only logarithmically on...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint%20capsule
In anatomy, a joint capsule or articular capsule is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. Each joint capsule has two parts: an outer fibrous layer or membrane, and an inner synovial layer or membrane. Membranes Each capsule consists of two layers or membranes: an outer (fibrous membrane, fibrous stratum) composed...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomic%20impediment
Conservationists, ecologists, biodiversity scientists, lawmakers, and many others rely heavily on taxonomic information to manage, conserve, use, and share our biodiversity. The world-wide shortage of this important taxonomic information, the gaps in our taxonomic knowledge, and the shortage of trained taxonomists and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activist%20knowledge
Activist knowledge or dissident knowledge refers to the ideological and ideational aspects of social movements such as challenging or reformulating dominant political ideas and ideologies, and developing new concepts, thoughts and meanings through the interactions with social, political, cultural and economic authoriti...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated%20local%20search
Iterated Local Search (ILS) is a term in applied mathematics and computer science defining a modification of local search or hill climbing methods for solving discrete optimization problems. Local search methods can get stuck in a local minimum, where no improving neighbors are available. A simple modification consis...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bondy%27s%20theorem
In mathematics, Bondy's theorem is a bound on the number of elements needed to distinguish the sets in a family of sets from each other. It belongs to the field of combinatorics, and is named after John Adrian Bondy, who published it in 1972. Statement The theorem is as follows: Let X be a set with n elements and let...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecule
A biomolecule or biological molecule is a loosely used term for molecules present in organisms that are essential to one or more typically biological processes, such as cell division, morphogenesis, or development. Biomolecules include the primary metabolites which are large macromolecules (or polyelectrolytes) such as...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasonic%20vocalization
Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) occur at frequencies ranging from approximately 20–100 kHz. They are emitted by animals such as bats and rodents, and have been extensively studied in rats and mice. As opposed to sonic vocalizations, ultrasonic vocalizations cannot be detected by the human ear. USVs serve as social sign...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel%20%28unit%29
A fresnel is a unit of frequency equal to 1012 s−1. It was occasionally used in the field of spectroscopy, but its use has been superseded by terahertz (with the identical value 1012 hertz). It is named for Augustin-Jean Fresnel the physicist whose expertise in optics led to the creation of Fresnel lenses.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaellum
The archaellum (: archaella; formerly archaeal flagellum) is a unique structure on the cell surface of many archaea that allows for swimming motility. The archaellum consists of a rigid helical filament that is attached to the cell membrane by a molecular motor. This molecular motorcomposed of cytosolic, membrane, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convex%20metric%20space
In mathematics, convex metric spaces are, intuitively, metric spaces with the property any "segment" joining two points in that space has other points in it besides the endpoints. Formally, consider a metric space (X, d) and let x and y be two points in X. A point z in X is said to be between x and y if all three po...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet%20of%20Musical%20Things
The Internet of Musical Things (also known as IoMusT) is a research area that aims to bring Internet of Things connectivityto musical and artistic practices. Moreover, it encompasses concepts coming from music computing, ubiquitous music, human-computer interaction, artificial intelligence, augmented reality, virtual r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20cider%20vinegar
Apple cider vinegar, or cider vinegar, is a vinegar made from fermented apple juice, and used in salad dressings, marinades, vinaigrettes, food preservatives, and chutneys. It is made by crushing apples, then squeezing out the juice. Bacteria and yeast are added to the liquid to start the alcoholic fermentation process...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popularity%20of%20text%20encodings
A number of text encoding standards are used on the World Wide Web. Exact measurements for the prevalence of each are not possible. Attempts at measuring encoding popularity may utilize counts of numbers of documents, or counts weighed by actual use or visibility of those documents. The decision to use any one encodin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphantasia
Aphantasia ( , ) is the inability to create mental imagery. The phenomenon was first described by Francis Galton in 1880, but has remained relatively unstudied. Interest in the phenomenon renewed after the publication of a study in 2015 conducted by a team led by Professor Adam Zeman of the University of Exeter. Zema...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast%20statistical%20alignment
FSA is a multiple sequence alignment program for aligning many proteins or RNAs or long genomic DNA sequences. Along with MUSCLE and MAFFT, FSA is one of the few sequence alignment programs which can align datasets of hundreds or thousands of sequences. FSA uses a different optimization criterion which allows it to m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife%20of%20Nigeria
The wildlife of Nigeria consists of the flora and fauna of this country in West Africa. Nigeria has a wide variety of habitats, ranging from mangrove swamps and tropical rainforest to savanna with scattered clumps of trees. About 290 mammal species and 940 bird species have been recorded in the country. Geography Nig...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigor%20mortis
Rigor mortis (Latin: rigor "stiffness", and mortis "of death"), or postmortem rigidity, is the fourth stage of death. It is one of the recognizable signs of death, characterized by stiffening of the limbs of the corpse caused by chemical changes in the muscles postmortem (mainly calcium). In humans, rigor mortis can oc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%27%2C3%27-Cyclic-nucleotide%203%27-phosphodiesterase
2′,3′-Cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.37, CNPase, systematic name nucleoside-2′,3′-cyclic-phosphate 2′-nucleotidohydrolase) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CNP gene. Reaction CNPase catalyzes the following reaction: nucleoside 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate + H2O nucleoside 2′-phosphate Fun...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak%20selection
Weak selection in evolutionary biology is when individuals with different phenotypes possess similar fitness, i.e. one phenotype is weakly preferred over the other. Weak selection, therefore, is an evolutionary theory to explain the maintenance of multiple phenotypes in a stable population. Weak selection can only be...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/After%20the%20War%20%28video%20game%29
After The War is a side-scrolling beat 'em up video game published in 1989 by Dinamic Software, in which the player must navigate through a hostile post-apocalyptic city. Although the name of the city is not mentioned in the game itself, both official promotional and unreleased artwork by Luis Royo and Alfonso Azpiri s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20common%20household%20pests
This is a list of common household pests – undesired animals that have a history of living, invading, causing damage, eating human foods, acting as disease vectors or causing other harms in human habitation. Mammals Mice Field mice House mice Possums Brushtail possum Ringtail possum Rats Black rats Brown rats Wood rat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20term%20method
The maximum-term method is a consequence of the large numbers encountered in statistical mechanics. It states that under appropriate conditions the logarithm of a summation is essentially equal to the logarithm of the maximum term in the summation. These conditions are (see also proof below) that (1) the number of ter...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOC1%20%28gene%29
Timing of CAB expression 1 is a protein that in Arabidopsis thaliana is encoded by the TOC1 gene. TOC1 is also known as two-component response regulator-like APRR1. TOC1 was the first plant gene that, when mutated, yielded a circadian phenotype. It codes for the transcription factor TOC1, which affects the period of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invincea
Invincea, Inc. was a company that offered a suite of endpoint protection software products. Originally called Secure Command LLC, Invincea, Inc. was a venture-backed software company that provided malware threat detection, prevention, and analysis to stop advanced threats. It was acquired by Sophos in February 2017. H...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagrant%20%28software%29
Vagrant is a source-available software product for building and maintaining portable virtual software development environments; e.g., for VirtualBox, KVM, Hyper-V, Docker containers, VMware, Parallels, and AWS. It tries to simplify the software configuration management of virtualization in order to increase development...