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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative%20binary%20search
In computer science, multiplicative binary search is a variation of binary search that uses a specific permutation of keys in an array instead of the sorted order used by regular binary search. Multiplicative binary search was first described by Thomas Standish in 1980. This algorithm was originally proposed to simplif...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code%20of%20Openness
Code of Openness (CPO) is an open initiative of prostep ivip under the patronage of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (German acronym: BMWi). The acronym CPO originally stands for the abbreviation of Code of PLM Openness. Openness is a capability provided by an IT system, and it is characteri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCK1
Cytoplasmic protein NCK1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCK1 gene. Gene The Nck (non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein 1) belongs to the adaptor family of proteins. The nck gene was initially isolated from a human melanoma cDNA library using a monoclonal antibody produced against the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Videotex%20Network
National Videotex Network (NVN) was an online service launched in 1992 by U.S. Videotel. The service was meant to compete with similar text-based online services such as CompuServe, Delphi and GEnie. Following its competitors' business model, NVN offered basic and premium services that included national and global new...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Oppenheimer
Stephen Oppenheimer (born 1947) is a British paediatrician, geneticist, and writer. He is a graduate of Balliol College, Oxford and an honorary fellow of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. In addition to his work in medicine and tropical diseases, he has published popular works in the fields of genetics and h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen%20anatomy%20and%20physiology
Lichen anatomy and physiology is very different from the anatomy and physiology of the fungus and/or algae and/or cyanobacteria that make up the lichen when growing apart from the lichen, either naturally, or in culture. The fungal partner is called the mycobiont. The photosynthetic partner, algae or cyanobacteria, is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole%20body%20imaging
Whole body imaging (WBI) refers to the display of the entire body in a single procedure. In medical imaging, it may refer to full-body CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging. It may also refer to different types of Full body scanner technologies used for security screening such as in airports.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von%20Neumann%27s%20elephant
Von Neumann's elephant is a problem in recreational mathematics, consisting of constructing a planar curve in the shape of an elephant from only four fixed parameters. It originated from a discussion between physicists John von Neumann and Enrico Fermi. History In a 2004 article in the journal Nature, Freeman Dyson re...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst-R%C3%BCdiger%20Olderog
Ernst-Rüdiger Olderog (born 4 June 1955) is a German computer scientist. He is a full professor at the University of Oldenburg in Oldenburg, northern Germany. He heads the Correct Systems Design (CSD) group whose research is focused on programming language theory. Their research goal is methods for the systematic devel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allographa%20pedunculata
Allographa pedunculata is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae, discovered in the Galápagos Islands. The species is characterized by its distinctly stalked and contains norstictic acid. It is similar to other species in the Graphis nuda species complex but has the longest in the group. Taxonomy The...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semisimple%20module
In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra known as module theory, a semisimple module or completely reducible module is a type of module that can be understood easily from its parts. A ring that is a semisimple module over itself is known as an Artinian semisimple ring. Some important rings, such as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking%20%28cooking%29
Smoking is the process of flavoring, browning, cooking, or preserving food by exposing it to smoke from burning or smoldering material, most often wood. Meat, fish, and lapsang souchong tea are often smoked. In Europe, alder is the traditional smoking wood, but oak is more often used now, and beech to a lesser extent....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCchi%27s%20problem
In number theory, Büchi's problem, also known as the n squares' problem, is an open problem named after the Swiss mathematician Julius Richard Büchi. It asks whether there is a positive integer M such that every sequence of M or more integer squares, whose second difference is constant and equal to 2, is necessarily a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSI%20Trade%20Association
The SCSI Trade Association, or SCSITA (sometimes STA), is an industry trade group which exists to promote the use of SCSI technology. It was formed in 1996. , sponsor members include HP, Intel, LSI Logic, PMC-Sierra, and Seagate. Requirements for membership are (1) manufacturing or selling SCSI related products or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melioration%20theory
Melioration theory in behavioral psychology is a theoretical algorithm that predicts the matching law. Melioration theory is used as an explanation for why an organism makes choices based on the rewards or reinforcers it receives. The principle of melioration states that animals will invest increasing amounts of time a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%20protein-gated%20ion%20channel
G protein-gated ion channels are a family of transmembrane ion channels in neurons and atrial myocytes that are directly gated by G proteins. Overview of mechanisms and function Generally, G protein-gated ion channels are specific ion channels located in the plasma membrane of cells that are directly activated by a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive%20Gabor%20representation
Adaptive Gabor representation (AGR) is a Gabor representation of a signal where its variance is adjustable. There's always a trade-off between time resolution and frequency resolution in traditional short-time Fourier transform (STFT). A long window leads to high frequency resolution and low time resolution. On the oth...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System76
System76, Inc. is an American computer manufacturer based in Denver, Colorado, specializing in the sale of notebooks, desktops, and servers. The company utilizes free and open-source software, and offers a choice of Ubuntu or their own Ubuntu-based Linux distribution Pop!_OS as preinstalled operating systems. History ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20link%20layer
The data link layer, or layer 2, is the second layer of the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking. This layer is the protocol layer that transfers data between nodes on a network segment across the physical layer. The data link layer provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum%20of%20squares%20function
In number theory, the sum of squares function is an arithmetic function that gives the number of representations for a given positive integer as the sum of squares, where representations that differ only in the order of the summands or in the signs of the numbers being squared are counted as different, and is denoted...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian%20Society%20of%20Operations%20Research
The Österreichische Gesellschaft für Operations Research (OeGOR) (Austrian Society of Operations Research) is the professional non-profit society for the scientific field of Operations Research in Austria. The society is recognized by the International Federation of Operational Research Societies and its subgrouping, t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual%20conflict
Sexual conflict or sexual antagonism occurs when the two sexes have conflicting optimal fitness strategies concerning reproduction, particularly over the mode and frequency of mating, potentially leading to an evolutionary arms race between males and females. In one example, males may benefit from multiple matings, whi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Cannabinoid%20Research%20Society
The International Cannabinoid Research Society (ICRS) is a professional society for scientific research in all fields of the cannabinoids, based in North Carolina, US. ICRS is one of the very few global non-profit medical societies or associations related to cannabis and cannabinoids. History The ICRS was formally inc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline%20of%20computer%20engineering
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to computer engineering: Computer engineering – discipline that integrates several fields of electrical engineering and computer science required to develop computer hardware and software. Computer engineers usually have training in electronic engi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-swallowing%20counter
A pulse-swallowing counter is a component in an all-digital feedback system. The divider produces one output pulse for every N counts (N is usually a power of 2) when not swallowing, and per N+1 pulses when the 'swallow' signal is active. The overall pulse-swallowing system is used as part of a fractional-N frequency...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michele%20Goins
Michele E. Goins was the chief information officer and senior vice president of Juniper Networks, a multinational networking products company. Early life and education Goins holds a B.S.C.S. degree in electrical engineering from Santa Clara University and earned an M.B.A. from Northeastern University — Graduate Schoo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular%20map%20%28graph%20theory%29
In mathematics, a regular map is a symmetric tessellation of a closed surface. More precisely, a regular map is a decomposition of a two-dimensional manifold (such as a sphere, torus, or real projective plane) into topological disks such that every flag (an incident vertex-edge-face triple) can be transformed into any ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nifuroxazide
Nifuroxazide (INN) is an oral nitrofuran antibiotic, patented since 1966 and used to treat colitis and diarrhea in humans and non-humans. It is sold under the brand names Ambatrol, Antinal, Bacifurane, Diafuryl (Turkey), Benol (Pakistan), Pérabacticel (France), Antinal, Diax (Egypt), Nifrozid, Ercefuryl (Romania, Czec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMIM20
Small integral membrane protein (SMIM) 20 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMIM20 gene. SMIM20 acts as a prohormone to the peptide hormone phoenixin which was discovered for the first time in 2013 in rodent sensory ganglia. In the study of the evolution of nervous systems, SMIM20 together with NUCB2 have ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chern%E2%80%93Gauss%E2%80%93Bonnet%20theorem
In mathematics, the Chern theorem (or the Chern–Gauss–Bonnet theorem after Shiing-Shen Chern, Carl Friedrich Gauss, and Pierre Ossian Bonnet) states that the Euler–Poincaré characteristic (a topological invariant defined as the alternating sum of the Betti numbers of a topological space) of a closed even-dimensional Ri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared-nothing%20architecture
A shared-nothing architecture (SN) is a distributed computing architecture in which each update request is satisfied by a single node (processor/memory/storage unit) in a computer cluster. The intent is to eliminate contention among nodes. Nodes do not share (independently access) the same memory or storage. One altern...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic%20cell
In cellular biology, a somatic cell (), or vegetal cell, is any biological cell forming the body of a multicellular organism other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell. Somatic cells compose the body of an organism and divide through the process of binary fission and mitotic division. In ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation%20Confinement%20Sustainment%20experiment
The Translation Confinement Sustainment experiment (TCS) was a plasma physics experiment at the University of Washington's Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory from 2002 until 2009. The experiment studied magnetic plasma confinement to support controlled nuclear fusion experiments. Specifically, TCS pioneered the sustainm...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurwitz%20determinant
In mathematics, Hurwitz determinants were introduced by , who used them to give a criterion for all roots of a polynomial to have negative real part. Definition Consider a characteristic polynomial P in the variable λ of the form: where , , are real. The square Hurwitz matrix associated to P is given below: The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloplant
Alloplant is a biomaterial made from cartilage used for eye surgery in some clinics in Russia. Experts warn that claims about its alleged regenerative properties by its inventor have not been documented in medical literature. Origin The compound has been developed by Russian ophthalmologist and mystic Ernst Muldashev ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fra%C3%AFss%C3%A9%20limit
In mathematical logic, specifically in the discipline of model theory, the Fraïssé limit (also called the Fraïssé construction or Fraïssé amalgamation) is a method used to construct (infinite) mathematical structures from their (finite) substructures. It is a special example of the more general concept of a direct limi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregation%20%28ethology%29
In ethology, an aggregation is any form of gathering of organisms and the process of coming together. In some forms groups of unrelated species might form, in which interaction between members of the aggregation might be minimal; for example herds of grazing zebra and antelopes might combine, both the better to observe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20of%20Hydrobiology
The Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences () is a research institute located in Wuhan, Hubei, China. It was founded in 1950 and specializes in freshwater organisms. It is involved in the study of the finless porpoise and the now extinct baiji dolphin. China Zebrafish Resource Center is housed in the in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profit%20margin
Profit margin is a financial ratio that measures the percentage of profit earned by a company in relation to its revenue. Expressed as a percentage, it indicates how much profit the company makes for every dollar of revenue generated. Profit margin is important because this percentage provides a comprehensive picture o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econometric%20Society
The Econometric Society is an international society of academic economists interested in applying statistical tools in the practiced of econometrics. It is an independent organization with no connections to societies of professional mathematicians or statisticians. It was founded on December 29, 1930, at the Statler ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On%20the%20Origin%20of%20Time
On the Origin of Time is a 2023 book by physicist Thomas Hertog about the theories of Stephen Hawking. Thomas Hertog is a Belgian cosmologist working at KU Leuven university. He was a key collaborator of Professor Stephen Hawking. This book was written by Thomas Hertog at the request of Stephen Hawking at the end of hi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1289%20%28number%29
The number 1289 (twelve hundred eighty-nine) is the natural number following 1288 and preceding 1290. In mathematics The number 1289 is an odd prime number, following 1283 and preceding 1291. It is classified as an apocalyptic power, a deficient number, and an evil number: The number 1289 is called an apocalyptic p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superferromagnetism
Superferromagnetism is the magnetism of an ensemble of magnetically interacting super-moment-bearing material particles that would be superparamagnetic if they were not interacting. Nanoparticles of iron oxides, such as ferrihydrite (nominally FeOOH), often cluster and interact magnetically. These interactions change...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlueBorne%20%28security%20vulnerability%29
BlueBorne is a type of security vulnerability with Bluetooth implementations in Android, iOS, Linux and Windows. It affects many electronic devices such as laptops, smart cars, smartphones and wearable gadgets. One example is . The vulnerabilities were first reported by Armis, the asset intelligence cybersecurity comp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20science
Data science is an interdisciplinary academic field that uses statistics, scientific computing, scientific methods, processes, algorithms and systems to extract or extrapolate knowledge and insights from noisy, structured, and unstructured data. Data science also integrates domain knowledge from the underlying applic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory-based%20cache%20coherence
In computer engineering, directory-based cache coherence is a type of cache coherence mechanism, where directories are used to manage caches in place of bus snooping. Bus snooping methods scale poorly due to the use of broadcasting. These methods can be used to target both performance and scalability of directory syste...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirichlet%20L-function
In mathematics, a Dirichlet L-series is a function of the form where is a Dirichlet character and s a complex variable with real part greater than 1. It is a special case of a Dirichlet series. By analytic continuation, it can be extended to a meromorphic function on the whole complex plane, and is then called a Diri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports%20analytics
Sports analytics are a collection of relevant, historical, statistics that can provide a competitive advantage to a team or individual. Through the collection and analysis of these data, sports analytics inform players, coaches and other staff in order to facilitate decision making both during and prior to sporting eve...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%27s%20thirteenth%20problem
Hilbert's thirteenth problem is one of the 23 Hilbert problems set out in a celebrated list compiled in 1900 by David Hilbert. It entails proving whether a solution exists for all 7th-degree equations using algebraic (variant: continuous) functions of two arguments. It was first presented in the context of nomography...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%205550
IBM 5550 is a personal computer series that IBM marketed in Japan, Korea, Taiwan and China in the 1980s and 1990s, for business use customers. In Japan, it was introduced in 1983 and promoted as "" because it had three roles in one machine: a PC, a word processing machine which was traditionally marketed as a machine d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydration%20energy
In chemistry, hydration energy (also hydration enthalpy) is the amount of energy released when one mole of ions undergoes hydration. Hydration energy is one component in the quantitative analysis of solvation. It is a particular special case of water. The value of hydration energies is one of the most challenging aspe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20geometers
A geometer is a mathematician whose area of study is geometry. Some notable geometers and their main fields of work, chronologically listed, are: 1000 BCE to 1 BCE Baudhayana (fl. c. 800 BC) – Euclidean geometry Manava (c. 750 BC–690 BC) – Euclidean geometry Thales of Miletus (c. 624 BC – c. 546 BC) – Euclidean ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal%20punctuation
Terminal punctuation refers to the punctuation marks used to identify the end of a portion of text. Terminal punctuation marks are also referred to as end marks and stops. In languages using the ISO basic Latin alphabet, terminal punctuation marks are defined as the period, the question mark, and the exclamation mark....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mandarin%20%28website%29
The Mandarin is an Australian online magazine established in 2014. The site, which reports news of interest to Australian public sector managers, is published by Tom Burton and owned by Private Media. Background The Mandarin was launched as a part of Private Media's "broader focus on business and the government sector...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic%20lightning
Volcanic lightning is an electrical discharge caused by a volcanic eruption rather than from an ordinary thunderstorm. Volcanic lightning arises from colliding, fragmenting particles of volcanic ash (and sometimes ice), which generate static electricity within the volcanic plume, leading to the name dirty thunderstorm....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimistic%20knowledge%20gradient
In statistics The optimistic knowledge gradient is a approximation policy proposed by Xi Chen, Qihang Lin and Dengyong Zhou in 2013. This policy is created to solve the challenge of computationally intractable of large size of optimal computing budget allocation problem in binary/multi-class crowd labeling where each ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAYDREAMER
DAYDREAMER is a goal-based agent and cognitive architecture developed at University of California, Los Angeles by Erik Mueller. It models the human stream of thought and its triggering and direction by emotions, as in human daydreaming. The architecture is implemented as 12,000 lines of Lisp code. History DAYDREAMER w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistance%20paper
Resistance paper, also known as conductive paper and by the trade name Teledeltos paper is paper impregnated or coated with a conductive substance such that the paper exhibits a uniform and known surface resistivity. Resistance paper and conductive ink were commonly used as an analog two-dimensional electromagnetic fi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20flour%20beetle
The red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) is a species of beetle in the family Tenebrionidae, the darkling beetles. It is a worldwide pest of stored products, particularly food grains, and a model organism for ethological and food safety research. Description Adult beetles are small, around 3–4 mm long (1/8 inches),...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vav%20%28protein%29
Vav is a family of proteins involved in cell signalling. They act as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for small G proteins of the Rho family. GEF activity is mediated via module of tandem DH-PH domains. Vav proteins also appear to exhibit GEF-independent functions. Although it was originally thought that Vav ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allomerism
Allomerism is the similarity in the crystalline structure of substances of different chemical composition.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Appert%20Award
The Nicolas Appert Award is awarded by the Chicago Section of the Institute of Food Technologists for preeminence in and contributions to the field of food technology. The award has been given annually since 1942 and is named after Nicolas Appert, the French inventor of airtight food preservation. Award winners receive...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky%2B
Sky+ (pronounced Sky Plus) is a discontinued personal video recorder (PVR) and subscription service from the satellite television provider Sky in the UK and Ireland. Launched in September 2001, it allows customers to record, pause and instantly rewind live TV. The system performs these functions using an internal hard ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20Biochemistry%20and%20Biophysics
Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of the biology of cells, especially their biochemistry and biophysics. It was established in 1979 as Cell Biophysics with Nicholas Catsimpoolas as founding editor-in-chief, obtaining its current name in 1996. The journal is publ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome%20informatics
Genome Informatics (also genoinformatics or genetic information processing) is a scientific study of information processing in genomes. Introduction Information processing and information flow occur in the course of an organism's development and throughout its lifespan. The essence of computation is information proce...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20speaker
A smart speaker is a type of loudspeaker and voice command device with an integrated virtual assistant that offers interactive actions and hands-free activation with the help of one "hot word" (or several "hot words"). Some smart speakers can also act as a smart device that utilizes Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and other protocol...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotactic%20selection
Chemotaxis receptors are expressed in the surface membrane with diverse dynamics, some of them have long-term characteristics as they are determined genetically, others have short-term moiety as their assembly is induced ad hoc in the presence of the ligand. The diverse feature of the chemotaxis receptors and ligands p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20nonlinearity
Differential nonlinearity (acronym DNL) is a commonly used measure of performance in digital-to-analog (DAC) and analog-to-digital (ADC) converters. It is a term describing the deviation between two analog values corresponding to adjacent input digital values. It is an important specification for measuring error in a d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TUNIS
TUNIS (Toronto University System) was a Unix-like operating system, developed at the University of Toronto in the early 1980s. TUNIS was a portable operating system compatible with Unix V7, but with a completely redesigned kernel, written in Concurrent Euclid. Programs that ran under Unix V7 could be run under TUNIS wi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukespeak
Nukespeak: Nuclear Language, Visions and Mindset is a 1982 book by Stephen Hilgartner, Richard C. Bell and Rory O'Connor. This book is a concise history of nuclear weapons and nuclear power in the United States, with special emphasis on the language of the "nuclear mindset". The National Council of Teachers of English...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HCN1
Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HCN1 gene. Function Hyperpolarization-activated cation channels of the HCN gene family, such as HCN1, contribute to spontaneous rhythmic activity in both heart and brain. Tissue distribution ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeVisLab
MeVisLab is a cross-platform application framework for medical image processing and scientific visualization. It includes advanced algorithms for image registration, segmentation, and quantitative morphological and functional image analysis. An IDE for graphical programming and rapid user interface prototyping is avail...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umple
Umple is a language for both object-oriented programming and modelling with class diagrams and state diagrams. The name Umple is a portmanteau of "UML", "ample" and "Simple", indicating that it is designed to provide ample features to extend programming languages with UML capabilities. History and philosophy The desig...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-rays%20model
The six-rays model is applied in an urban or indoor environment where a radio signal transmitted will encounter some objects that produce reflected, refracted or scattered copies of the transmitted signal. These are called multipath signal components, they are attenuated, delayed and shifted from the original signal (L...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCller%20glia
Müller glia, or Müller cells, are a type of retinal glial cells, first recognized and described by Heinrich Müller. They are found in the vertebrate retina, where they serve as support cells for the neurons, as all glial cells do. They are the most common type of glial cell found in the retina. While their cell bodies ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidi%27s%20generalized%20secant%20method
Sidi's generalized secant method is a root-finding algorithm, that is, a numerical method for solving equations of the form . The method was published by Avram Sidi. The method is a generalization of the secant method. Like the secant method, it is an iterative method which requires one evaluation of in each iterati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-theory
T-theory is a branch of discrete mathematics dealing with analysis of trees and discrete metric spaces. General history T-theory originated from a question raised by Manfred Eigen in the late 1970s. He was trying to fit twenty distinct t-RNA molecules of the Escherichia coli bacterium into a tree. An important concep...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperture%20%28botany%29
Apertures are areas on the walls of a pollen grain, where the wall is thinner and/or softer. For germination it is necessary that the pollen tube can reach out from the inside of the pollen grain and transport the sperm to the egg deep down in the pistil. The apertures are the places where the pollen tube is able to br...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abram%20Ilyich%20Fet
Abram Fet () (5 December 1924 — 30 July 2009) was a Russian mathematician, Soviet dissident, philosopher, Samizdat translator and writer. He used various pseudonyms for Samizdat, like N. A. Klenov, A.B. Nazyvayev, D.A. Rassudin, S.T. Karneyev, etc. If published, his translations were usually issued under the name of A...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei%20Suslin
Andrei Suslin (, sometimes transliterated Souslin) was a Russian mathematician who contributed to algebraic K-theory and its connections with algebraic geometry. He was a Trustee Chair and Professor of mathematics at Northwestern University. He was born on 27 December 1950 in St. Petersburg, Russia. As a youth, he ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative%20risk
The relative risk (RR) or risk ratio is the ratio of the probability of an outcome in an exposed group to the probability of an outcome in an unexposed group. Together with risk difference and odds ratio, relative risk measures the association between the exposure and the outcome. Statistical use and meaning Relative ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cow%20urine
Cow urine, gomutra or gōmēz is a liquid by-product of metabolism in cows. It has a sacred role in Zoroastrianism and some forms of Hinduism. Cow urine is used as medicine in some places of India, Myanmar, and Nigeria. While cow urine and cow dung have benefits as fertilizers, the proponents' claims about its curing di...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20of%20Space%20and%20Planetary%20Astrophysics
The Institute of Space and Planetary Astrophysics, also known as by its abbreviation ISPA, is a premier and national research institute of the University of Karachi, engaging the theoretical and applied studies and research into topics pertaining to Astronomy, Astrophysics, Satellite Communication, Space Flight Dynamic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaynes%E2%80%93Cummings%E2%80%93Hubbard%20model
The Jaynes–Cummings–Hubbard (JCH) model is a many-body quantum system modeling the quantum phase transition of light. As the name suggests, the Jaynes–Cummings–Hubbard model is a variant on the Jaynes–Cummings model; a one-dimensional JCH model consists of a chain of N coupled single-mode cavities, each with a two-lev...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CendR
CendR (C-end Rule) is a position-dependent protein motif that regulates cellular uptake and vascular permeability through interaction with neuropilin-1. The CendR motif has a consensus (R/K)XX(R/K) and it is able to interact with its receptor only when the second basic residue is exposed at the C-terminus. Mechanism o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-master%20replication
Multi-master replication is a method of database replication which allows data to be stored by a group of computers, and updated by any member of the group. All members are responsive to client data queries. The multi-master replication system is responsible for propagating the data modifications made by each member to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walsh%20matrix
In mathematics, a Walsh matrix is a specific square matrix of dimensions 2, where n is some particular natural number. The entries of the matrix are either +1 or −1 and its rows as well as columns are orthogonal, i.e. dot product is zero. The Walsh matrix was proposed by Joseph L. Walsh in 1923. Each row of a Walsh ma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratically%20constrained%20quadratic%20program
In mathematical optimization, a quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP) is an optimization problem in which both the objective function and the constraints are quadratic functions. It has the form where P0, …, Pm are n-by-n matrices and x ∈ Rn is the optimization variable. If P0, …, Pm are all positive sem...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial%20artery
The facial artery (external maxillary artery in older texts) is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the superficial face. Structure The facial artery arises in the carotid triangle from the external carotid artery, a little above the lingual artery and, sheltered by the ramus of the ma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chambolle-Pock%20algorithm
In mathematics, the Chambolle-Pock algorithm is an algorithm used to solve convex optimization problems. It was introduced by Antonin Chambolle and Thomas Pock in 2011 and has since become a widely used method in various fields, including image processing, computer vision, and signal processing. The Chambolle-Pock alg...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20complex%20structure
In the field of mathematics known as differential geometry, a generalized complex structure is a property of a differential manifold that includes as special cases a complex structure and a symplectic structure. Generalized complex structures were introduced by Nigel Hitchin in 2002 and further developed by his student...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beauty%20micrometer
The beauty micrometer, also known as the beauty calibrator, was a device designed in the early 1930s to help in the identification of the areas of a person's face which need to have their appearance reduced or enhanced by make-up. The inventors include famed beautician Max Factor Sr. A 2013 Wired article described the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide%20hormone
Peptide hormones are hormones whose molecules are peptides. Peptide hormones have shorter amino acid chain lengths than protein hormones. These hormones have an effect on the endocrine system of animals, including humans. Most hormones can be classified as either amino acid–based hormones (amine, peptide, or protein) o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revista%20Cubana%20de%20F%C3%ADsica
The Revista Cubana de Física (Cuban Journal of Physics) is a biannual peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by the Sociedad Cubana de Física (Cuban Physical Society) and the Physics Faculty (University of Havana) that was established in 1981. It covers all aspects of physics, as well as the history of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imageboard
An imageboard is a type of Internet forum that focuses on the posting of images, often alongside text and discussion. The first imageboards were created in Japan as an extension of the textboard concept. These sites later inspired the creation of a number of English-language imageboards. Characteristics Imageboards, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser%20security
Browser security is the application of Internet security to web browsers in order to protect networked data and computer systems from breaches of privacy or malware. Security exploits of browsers often use JavaScript, sometimes with cross-site scripting (XSS) with a secondary payload using Adobe Flash. Security exploit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hankel%20singular%20value
In control theory, Hankel singular values, named after Hermann Hankel, provide a measure of energy for each state in a system. They are the basis for balanced model reduction, in which high energy states are retained while low energy states are discarded. The reduced model retains the important features of the original...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traumatic%20insemination
Traumatic insemination, also known as hypodermic insemination, is the mating practice in some species of invertebrates in which the male pierces the female's abdomen with his aedeagus and injects his sperm through the wound into her abdominal cavity (hemocoel). The sperm diffuses through the female's hemolymph, reachin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel%20Winternitz
Pavel Winternitz (1936–2021) was a Canadian Czech-born mathematical physicist. He did his undergraduate studies at Prague University and his doctorate at Leningrad University (Ph.D. 1962) under the supervision of J. A. Smorodinsky. His research is on integrable systems and symmetries. He was a member of the Mathem...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caustic%20%28optics%29
In optics, a caustic or caustic network is the envelope of light rays which have been reflected or refracted by a curved surface or object, or the projection of that envelope of rays on another surface. The caustic is a curve or surface to which each of the light rays is tangent, defining a boundary of an envelope of ...