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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segment%20descriptor | In memory addressing for Intel x86 computer architectures, segment descriptors are a part of the segmentation unit, used for translating a logical address to a linear address. Segment descriptors describe the memory segment referred to in the logical address.
The segment descriptor (8 bytes long in 80286 and later) contains the following fields:
A segment base address
The segment limit which specifies the segment size
Access rights byte containing the protection mechanism information
Control bits
Structure
The x86 and x86-64 segment descriptor has the following form:
Where the fields stand for:
Base Address Starting memory address of the segment. Its length is 32 bits and it is created from the lower part bits 16 to 31, and the upper part bits 0 to 7, followed by bits 24 to 31.
Segment Limit Its length is 20 bits and is created from the lower part bits 0 to 15 and the upper part bits 16 to 19. It defines the address of the last accessible data. The length is one more than the value stored here. How exactly this should be interpreted depends on the Granularity bit of the segment descriptor.
G=Granularity If clear, the limit is in units of bytes, with a maximum of 220 bytes. If set, the limit is in units of 4096-byte pages, for a maximum of 232 bytes.
D/B
D = Default operand size : If clear, this is a 16-bit code segment; if set, this is a 32-bit segment.
B = Big: If set, the maximum offset size for a data segment is increased to 32-bit 0xffffffff. Otherwise it's the 16-bit max 0x0000ffff. Essentially the same meaning as "D".
L=Long If set, this is a 64-bit segment (and D must be zero), and code in this segment uses the 64-bit instruction encoding. "L" cannot be set at the same time as "D" aka "B". (Bit 21 in the image)
AVL=Available For software use, not used by hardware (Bit 20 in the image with the label A)
P=Present If clear, a "segment not present" exception is generated on any reference to this segment
DPL=Descriptor privilege level Privilege level (ring) required to access this descriptor
S=System Segment If clear, this is system segment, if 1, this is Code/Data segment.
Type If bit 11 set, this is a code segment descriptor. If clear, this is a data/stack segment descriptor, which has "D" replaced by "B", "C" replaced by "E" and "R" replaced by "W". This is in fact a special case of the 2-bit type field, where the preceding bit 12 cleared as "0" refers to more internal system descriptors, for LDT, LSS, and gates.
C=Conforming Code in this segment may be called from less-privileged levels.
E=Expand-Down If clear, the segment expands from base address up to base+limit. If set, it expands from maximum offset down to limit, a behavior usually used for stacks.
R=Readable If clear, the segment may be executed but not read from.
W=Writable If clear, the data segment may be read but not written to.
A=Accessed This bit is set to 1 by hardware when the segment is accessed, and cleared by software.
See als |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift%20%28data%20mining%29 | In data mining and association rule learning, lift is a measure of the performance of a targeting model (association rule) at predicting or classifying cases as having an enhanced response (with respect to the population as a whole), measured against a random choice targeting model. A targeting model is doing a good job if the response within the target () is much better than the baseline () average for the population as a whole. Lift is simply the ratio of these values: target response divided by average response. Mathematically,
For example, suppose a population has an average response rate of 5%, but a certain model (or rule) has identified a segment with a response rate of 20%. Then that segment would have a lift of 4.0 (20%/5%).
Applications
Typically, the modeller seeks to divide the population into quantiles, and rank the quantiles by lift. Organizations can then consider each quantile, and by weighing the predicted response rate (and associated financial benefit) against the cost, they can decide whether to market to that quantile or not.
The lift curve can also be considered a variation on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and is also known in econometrics as the Lorenz or power curve.
Example
Assume the data set being mined is:
where the antecedent is the input variable that we can control, and the consequent is the variable we are trying to predict. Real mining problems would typically have more complex antecedents, but usually focus on single-value consequents.
Most mining algorithms would determine the following rules (targeting models):
Rule 1: A implies 0
Rule 2: B implies 1
because these are simply the most common patterns found in the data. A simple review of the above table should make these rules obvious.
The support for Rule 1 is 3/7 because that is the number of items in the dataset in which the antecedent is A and the consequent 0. The support for Rule 2 is 2/7 because two of the seven records meet the antecedent of B and the consequent of 1. The supports can be written as:
The confidence for Rule 1 is 3/4 because three of the four records that meet the antecedent of A meet the consequent of 0. The confidence for Rule 2 is 2/3 because two of the three records that meet the antecedent of B meet the consequent of 1. The confidences can be written as:
Lift can be found by dividing the confidence by the unconditional probability of the consequent, or by dividing the support by the probability of the antecedent times the probability of the consequent, so:
The lift for Rule 1 is (3/4)/(4/7) = (3*7)/(4 * 4) = 21/16 ≈ 1.31
The lift for Rule 2 is (2/3)/(3/7) = (2*7)/(3 * 3) = 14/9 ≈ 1.56
If some rule had a lift of 1, it would imply that the probability of occurrence of the antecedent and that of the consequent are independent of each other. When two events are independent of each other, no rule can be drawn involving those two events.
If the lift is > 1, like it is here for Rule |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvdisaster | dvdisaster is a computer program aimed to enhance data survivability on optical discs by creating error detection and correction data, which is used for data recovery. dvdisaster works exclusively at the image level. This program can be used either to generate Error-Correcting Code (ECC) data from an existing media or to augment an ISO image with ECC data prior to being written onto a medium. dvdisaster is free software available under the GNU General Public License.
Recovery modes
When an optical disc is physically damaged (such as by scratching), or has begun to deteriorate, some parts of the data on the disc may become unreadable. By utilizing the ECC data previously generated by dvdisaster, damaged parts of the disc data can be recovered.
The two modes of ECC data generation in dvdisaster make use of Reed–Solomon codes. In RS01 mode, the generated data is created from a disc image and is stored in a separate file, which must be written on some other medium. Alternatively, in RS02 mode, the ECC data is appended to the end of the disc image before the image is burned to disc.
When a CD or DVD has been augmented in RS02 mode, the 'augmented' section of the data remains invisible to the normal user, and the disc remains fully compatible with computers without knowledge of or installation of dvdisaster. In this way a damaged disc may be fully recoverable by installing the software, accessing the Reed-Solomon error correcting code using dvdisaster and rebuilding the image (to hard disk).
dvdisaster can be helpful to recover the contents of a damaged disc even when no ECC data is available. The entire disc can be read into an image, skipping damaged parts. dvdisaster can then repeatedly rescan just the missing parts, attempting to retrieve correct data.
Difference with other Reed-Solomon implementations
dvdisaster applies an image-based approach to data recovery. It does not apply a file-based data recovery, as reading a defective medium at the file level means trying to read as much data as possible from each file. But a limitation of the file-based approach arises when data sectors are damaged which have book-keeping functions in the file system. The list of files on the medium may be truncated. Or the mapping of data sectors to files is incomplete. Therefore, files or parts from files may be lost even though the respective data sectors would still be readable by the hardware. In contrast, reading at the image level uses direct communication with the drive hardware to access the data sectors.
It is important to point out that each unit of ECC data dvdisaster places at the end is calculated from sectors of the original data spread around in the original image. Each group of original data sectors and the added ECC sector(s) forms a "cluster". Any part of the cluster can be recovered as long as the amount of damages in that cluster is smaller than the amount of added ECC data in that cluster, therefore the location on disk of the ECC data does |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee%20machine | A committee machine is a type of artificial neural network using a divide and conquer strategy in which the responses of multiple neural networks (experts) are combined into a single response. The combined response of the committee machine is supposed to be superior to those of its constituent experts. Compare with ensembles of classifiers.
Types
Static structures
In this class of committee machines, the responses of several predictors (experts) are combined by means of a mechanism that does not involve the input signal, hence the designation static. This category includes the following methods:
Ensemble averaging
In ensemble averaging, outputs of different predictors are linearly combined to produce an overall output.
Boosting
In boosting, a weak algorithm is converted into one that achieves arbitrarily high accuracy.
Dynamic structures
In this second class of committee machines, the input signal is directly involved in actuating the mechanism that integrates the outputs of the individual experts into an overall output, hence the designation dynamic. There are two kinds of dynamic structures:
Mixture of experts
In mixture of experts, the individual responses of the experts are non-linearly combined by means of a single gating network.
Hierarchical mixture of experts
In hierarchical mixture of experts, the individual responses of the individual experts are non-linearly combined by means of several gating networks arranged in a hierarchical fashion.
References
Artificial neural networks
Learning |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCSC | BCSC may refer to:
British Cycling
British Columbia Supreme Court
British Columbia Securities Commission
British Council of Shopping Centres
Bachelor's degree in Computer Science, normally abbreviated B.Comp.Sc.
Bartholomew Consolidated School Corporation, the organization that encompasses all schools, elementary, middle and secondary in the Columbus, Indiana, area
Brown Center for Students of Color |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WJLD | WJLD (1400 AM) is a radio station licensed to Fairfield, Alabama, that serves most of the Birmingham metropolitan area. The station offers talk and music programming targeted towards African-American listeners, including a mixture of locally originated talk programming and urban oldies music. The station is owned by Richardson Broadcasting Corporation, a company based in Birmingham. Richardson Broadcasting Corporation also owns WAYE 1220 AM in Birmingham, Alabama and has construction permits for low power television stations in Dothan, Montgomery and Selma Alabama. The station's studios and transmitter are located separately in Southwest Birmingham.
Station history
Originally licensed to nearby Bessemer, Alabama, WJLD began On April 19, 1942. as an affiliate of the Mutual Broadcasting System. It was the fourth station licensed to serve the Birmingham area, following WAPI, WBRC and WSGN. Programming on WJLD initially consisted of popular music, news programs and radio adventure shows such as Superman and Tom Mix. In 1943, the station began selling airtime to people who sang or played urban contemporary gospel music. Throughout the 1940s and into the early 1950s, the station broadcast, by today's standards, a wide variety of music programming, including country music and gospel music as well as rhythm and blues music.
On May 23, 1948, WJLD launched a companion FM station, WJLN-FM (104.7). The FM station originally simulcast much of the programming of the AM station, but by the late 1960s began playing album-oriented rock music at night. In the mid-1970s, the FM station assumed its current call letters, WZZK; the WJLD owners sold WZZK some years later.
In 1954, WJLD began exclusively targeting African-American listeners with a mix of music and talk programming. Until the debut of WENN-FM in 1969, it was the only black-oriented station in Birmingham that broadcast at night, since the other similarly-formatted AM station was required by the Federal Communications Commission to sign off at sunset. During the mid-1970s, it was one of four AM stations in the Birmingham market competing for African-American listeners.
With the increased popularity of FM stations during the 1970s and early 1980s, WJLD began adding more talk programming to its format and decreased the amount of current music in its rotation. In 1989, the station dropped current music entirely and became a full-time urban oldies station.
The 2000s have witnessed a continued commitment to serving the Birmingham area's African-American community on WJLD's part. Station owner Gary Richardson, a longtime employee, hosts a two-hour morning talk show, and the station presently programs a blues and Southern soul music format six days a week, with both local personalities and the syndicated Mississippi-based American Blues Network. Richardson is also the mayor of the Birmingham suburb of Midfield. In keeping with tradition, Sunday programming consists of gospel music and church b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuse%20metrics | In software engineering, many reuse metrics and models are metrics used to measure code reuse and reusability. A metric is a quantitative indicator of an attribute of a thing. A model specifies relationships among metrics. Reuse models and metrics can be categorized into six types:
reuse cost-benefits models
maturity assessment
amount of reuse
failure modes
reusability
reuse library metrics
Reuse cost-benefits models include economic cost-benefit analysis as well as quality and productivity payoff.
Maturity assessment models categorize reuse programs by how advanced they are in implementing systematic reuse.
Amount of reuse metrics are used to assess and monitor a reuse improvement effort by tracking percentages of reuse for life cycle objects.
Failure modes analysis is used to identify and order the impediments to reuse in a given organization.
Reusability metrics indicate the likelihood that an artifact is reusable.
Reuse library metrics are used to manage and track usage of a reuse repository.
References
Frakes, William and Carol, Terry. "Software Reuse: Metrics and Models." ACM Computing Surveys 28(2), pp. 415-435, 1996.
Software metrics
Reuse |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media%20in%20Erie%2C%20Pennsylvania | Situated between three major United States cities and on the border with Canada, there are many sources of media in Erie, Pennsylvania. Erie is home to five major television broadcast networks, one daily newspaper, a city-regional magazine, several radio stations and one major social media news website.
Television stations
Erie's unique position along the shores of Lake Erie can offer a wide variety of over-the-air television stations. Canada's CityTV (from its Woodstock, Ontario transmitter CITY-DT-2), CTV 2 (via CFPL-DT) and CBC Television (via CBLT-DT's repeater, CBLN) from London, Ontario can be viewed in portions of downtown Erie and areas north of Interstate 90. Additionally, select areas of the Erie region can receive broadcast channels from Buffalo, New York, Cleveland, Ohio, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The region itself, however, is served by five major television stations based in Erie. Erie is ranked as Designated Market Area #144 by the Nielsen Company.
Major Erie television affiliates include:
WICU, NBC, channel 12
WJET, ABC, channel 24
WSEE, CBS, channel 35
WQLN, PBS, channel 54
WFXP, Fox, channel 66
Erie has an affiliate station of The CW via The CW Plus called WSEE-DT2, which is broadcast digitally over the air on WSEE's digital subchannel 35-2, and on local cable systems. Erie does not have a MyNetworkTV affiliate, nor are any of the service's neighboring stations are carried on local providers in the area. Digital multicast networks are available on the subchannels of the stations above.
Radio stations
The Erie region has a large list of AM and FM stations, with all major genres covered. Many of Erie's radio channels can be heard in Southern Ontario, Canada. Likewise, some London area, channels and radio stations can be picked up in various parts of the Erie shoreline.
FM
Stations with transmitters located within of Erie:
AM
Stations with transmitters located within of Erie:
Print
As newspaper mergers occurred throughout the 20th century, Erie was left with one regional daily newspaper. Few community newspapers exist in the region. Erie has seen alternative magazines come and go as well.
Daily
The Corry Journal
Erie Times-News
The Meadville Tribune
Weekly
The Albion News
The Edinboro News
Erie Reader
North East News-Journal
West County News-Journal
Monthly
Erie Gay News
Great Lakes Life Magazine
Lake Erie Lifestyle Magazine
References
External links
GoErie.com Official Erie Times-News website
ErieTrends.com Official ErieTrends Social News website
ErieReader.com Official Erie Reader website
ErieTVNews.com Official WICU/WSEE-TV website
YourErie.com Official WJET/WFXP-TV website
CWErie.com Official CW Erie website
WQLN.org Official WQLN website
Lists of mass media by city in the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20House%20Energy%20Subcommittee%20on%20Innovation%2C%20Data%2C%20and%20Commerce | The House Subcommittee on Innovation, Data and Commerce is a subcommittee within the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce. The subcommittee was known as the Subcommittee on Consumer Protection and Commerce until the 118th Congress, when data policy was transferred to it from the Subcommittee on Communications and Technology.
Jurisdiction
The committee has jurisdiction over issues affecting interstate and foreign commerce, including all trade matters within the jurisdiction of the full committee; regulation of commercial practices at the Federal Trade Commission, including sports-related matters; consumer affairs and consumer protection, including privacy matters generally; consumer product safety at the Consumer Product Safety Commission; product liability; and motor vehicle safety; Regulation of travel, tourism, and time. Within these specific areas, the committee also has jurisdiction over all aspects related to Homeland security, including cybersecurity.
Members, 118th Congress
Historical membership rosters
117th Congress
116th Congress
115th Congress
References
External links
Official Homepage
Energy Commerce, Manufacturing and Trade
Parliamentary committees on international trade |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bettina%20Heim | Bettina Heim (born 2 July 1989) was a Swiss competitive figure skater who now leads the language design team for Microsoft's Q# programming language.
Figure skating career
She was the 2011 Swiss national champion, and competed at two World Junior Championships and two World Championships.
Programs
Competitive highlights
Quantum physics and Q#
Heim completed her master's degree in quantum physics at ETH Zurich, advised by Matthias Troyer.
References
External links
1989 births
Living people
Swiss female single skaters
People from Appenzell Ausserrhoden
Competitors at the 2011 Winter Universiade |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle%20Enterprise%20Service%20Bus | Oracle Enterprise Service Bus (Oracle ESB), a fundamental component of Oracle's Services-Oriented Architecture suite of products, provides integration of data and enterprise applications within an organisation and their connected ( "extended" or “virtual”) enterprises.
Details
This release of Oracle Retail Integration Bus (RIB) Essentials includes changes in architecture, technology stack, and deployment Oracle ESB is technically an 'enterprise service bus' designed and implemented in an Oracle Fusion Architecture's SOA environment; to simplify the interaction and communication between existing Oracle products, third-party applications, or any combination of these.
As a software architecture model for distributed computing it is a specialty variant of the more general client server software architecture model and promotes strictly asynchronous message oriented design for communication and interaction between applications. Its primary use is in Enterprise Application Integration of heterogeneous and complex landscapes of an organisation, and thus enabling its easy management.
An ESB service is designed and configured with Oracle JDeveloper and Oracle ESB Control user interfaces. It is then registered to an ESB Server. The ESB Server supports multiple protocol bindings for message delivery, including HTTP/SOAP, JMS, JCA, WSIF and Java, using synchronous/asynchronous, request/reply or publish/subscribe models. Currently, the ESB Server does not support Remote Method Invocation.
Oracle Retail Integration Bus (RIB) Essentials should not be confused with Oracle Service Bus (OSB). ESB was developed by Oracle. OSB, formerly known as Aqualogic Service Bus, was acquired when Oracle bought BEA Systems. The two products are related and interchangeable.
Components
Oracle Enterprise Service Bus contains the following components:
ESB Server
Oracle ESB Control
ESB Metadata Server
Oracle JDeveloper
Features
Oracle Enterprise Service Bus application-integration features fall into the following categories:
Server Capabilities
Connectivity
SOAP invocations services
WSIF
Adapter services
File/FTP adapter service
Database adapter service
JMS adapter service
MQ adapter service
AQ adapter service
Oracle Applications (OA) adapter services
Custom adapter service
Document Transformation : XSLT and MFL
Content-Based and Header-Based Routing
Tight integration with Oracle BPEL Process Manager
Management and Monitoring Capabilities
ESB Control, the central point for metadata and configuration changes that take effect immediately
Visual representation of end-to-end service relationships
Minimal overhead end-to-end message instance tracking and monitoring
Error Hospital - automated and manual means for individual and bulk message replays
See also
Oracle Fusion Middleware
References
External links
Product page
Documentation
http://orasoa.blogspot.com/2008/11/who-is-best-osb-or-esb.html
Oracle software
Enterprise application integration |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ros%20Childs | Ros Childs is an English-born TV journalist based in Australia, with a focus on business matters. After working primarily in her native UK for the ITV Network, Childs moved to Australia and joined the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) as a newsreader.
Career
United Kingdom
Childs began her career as a print journalist with the Financial Times. Subsequently, she was employed at CNBC Europe as a reporter and presenter.
She was best known as the business correspondent for ITV News as well as the lunchtime and weekend news presenter. She was also one of the launch presenters on the ITV News Channel, which was known as the ITN News Channel from its launch on 1 August 2000 until September 2002. She also worked as a reporter at Sky News, on Channel 4 business documentaries and on BBC World.
Australia
Childs joined the ABC as a news reporter before taking over from Chris Clarke in 2005 as the presenter of the revamped Midday Report, a national weekday news bulletin with a special focus on business, between 12:00 noon and 1:00 pm. As of 2018 she hosts the hours of live news from 12:00 pm to 3:00 pm weekdays on the ABC News channel. She has had stints as the fill-in presenter on Lateline as well as fill-in business editor on The 7.30 Report.
Personal life
Childs lives in Sydney with her Australian husband, Sean Mulcahy, a television cameraman producer.
References
ABC News (Australia) presenters
English emigrants to Australia
English television presenters
English television journalists
English women journalists
ITN newsreaders and journalists
Journalists from Sydney
Australian television journalists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
British women television journalists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bondi%20Rescue | Bondi Rescue is an Australian factual television program which is broadcast on Network 10. The program follows the daily lives and routines of the Waverley Council professional lifeguards who patrol Bondi Beach.
Bondi Rescue was first broadcast in 2006. A spin-off, set in Bali, Indonesia, also screened in 2008. Bondi Rescue is broadcast internationally and has a substantial online presence. The show was created and produced by part-time lifeguard Ben Davies in collaboration with Producer Michael Cordell. It is narrated by Osher Günsberg.
On 12 October 2022, it was officially announced that the show had been renewed for a seventeenth season which premiered on 19 April 2023, after a year-long hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic and poor weather conditions.
The series was renewed for an 18th season at the 2023 Channel 10 upfronts .
Overview
The Bondi lifeguards perform around five thousand rescues over the summer period. They also deal with other incidents including lost children, shark scares, bluebottle stings, injuries, sexual deviants, drunk beach goers and thieves on the beach. Every once in a while, celebrities also make appearances on their shores; these have included actors David Hasselhoff (star of the fictional lifeguard show Baywatch), Hugh Grant, Zac Efron, Rowan Atkinson and Russell Crowe, entrepreneur Richard Branson, comedian Conan O'Brien (whose appearance was also broadcast in his own show, Conan), musician Snoop Dogg, media personality Paris Hilton, conservationist Steve Irwin and his daughter Bindi, pro-surfer Kelly Slater, and the Indian Cricket Team. Bondi veterinarian Chris Brown has repeatedly appeared on Bondi beach, meeting lifeguards, in his own show Bondi Vet.
Bondi also has its Annual Lifeguard Ironman Challenge, which tests the skills of each lifeguard which typically consists of a one-kilometre run from Bondi to local beach Tamarama, then a one-kilometre swim to nearby Bronte Beach, followed by a two-kilometre board-paddle back to Bondi. The race is handicapped: the more accomplished swimmers and board-paddlers set off from Bondi later (up to twelve minutes, depending on how many competitors there are).
Footage for the show is shot during the preceding Australian summer (usually between December and February), with certain episodes reflecting incidents that have occurred during Christmas Day, New Year's Day and Australia Day. Noteworthy incidents at nearby Tamarama and Bronte Beaches, which the lifeguards are also responsible for, are occasionally shown. Later seasons also featured footage of lifeguard trials and training exercises from the middle of the year. The training in the middle of the year is a trial to test the fitness, strength and ability of the lifeguards. It consists of an 800-metre swim in under thirteen-and-a-half minutes in a swimming pool, a 600-metre swim surf and two 600-metre runs and on the sand, a 600-metre board paddle, then a set of demanding rescues at Bondi which should be completed in u |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery%20Channel%20%28Australia%20and%20New%20Zealand%29 | Discovery is a television channel available on cable and satellite television in Australia and New Zealand. The Australian version of the US Discovery Channel was previously operated by XYZnetworks, who also own the exclusive distribution rights for the channel.
The channel was launched in July 1995, replacing the Quest documentary channel launched in April 1995 by XYZ.
It initially provided documentary television programming focused primarily on popular science, technology, and history, but by the 2010s had expanded into reality television and pseudo-scientific entertainment.
Discovery's most popular content includes Aussie Gold Hunters, Gold Rush, Deadliest Catch, and Fast N' Loud and annual event Shark Week. Programming is primarily focused on reality television series geared towards the topics of science, extreme living, and motoring.
Both Discovery and Discovery Turbo have timeshift channels, which rebroadcast programming 2 hours later on Foxtel.
Original programming
Aussie Gold Hunters (since 2016)
Outback Opal Hunters (since 2018)
Railroad Australia (since 2016)
Saltwater Heroes (5 August 2015 – 26 August 2015)
Sydney Harbour Patrol (2016)
Aussie Lobster Men (since 2019)
Dr Karl's Outrageous Acts of Science (since 2017)
Abalone Wars (since 2012)
Shark Week
Shark Week is an annual, week-long TV programming block on Discovery, which features 24/7 shark-based programming around the first week of December. Not only is Shark Week the best week of the year, it's also one of the most important as it raises awareness about the increasing threat faced by our ocean's greatest predator at the hands of humans and the environment. Now in its 25th year in Australia, the event also highlights recent developments in shark science and reveals remarkable new insight into these magnificent and misunderstood creatures.
References
External links
Television networks in Australia
Television channels in New Zealand
Television channels and stations established in 1995
English-language television stations in Australia
English-language television stations in New Zealand
Australia and New Zealand
Warner Bros. Discovery Asia-Pacific |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiled%20rendering | Tiled rendering is the process of subdividing a computer graphics image by a regular grid in optical space and rendering each section of the grid, or tile, separately. The advantage to this design is that the amount of memory and bandwidth is reduced compared to immediate mode rendering systems that draw the entire frame at once. This has made tile rendering systems particularly common for low-power handheld device use. Tiled rendering is sometimes known as a "sort middle" architecture, because it performs the sorting of the geometry in the middle of the graphics pipeline instead of near the end.
Basic concept
Creating a 3D image for display consists of a series of steps. First, the objects to be displayed are loaded into memory from individual models. The system then applies mathematical functions to transform the models into a common coordinate system, the world view. From this world view, a series of polygons (typically triangles) is created that approximates the original models as seen from a particular viewpoint, the camera. Next, a compositing system produces an image by rendering the triangles and applying textures to the outside. Textures are small images that are painted onto the triangles to produce realism. The resulting image is then combined with various special effects, and moved into a frame buffer, which video hardware then scans to produce the displayed image. This basic conceptual layout is known as the display pipeline.
Each of these steps increases the amount of memory needed to hold the resulting image. By the time it reaches the end of the pipeline the images are so large that typical graphics card designs often use specialized high-speed memory and a very fast computer bus to provide the required bandwidth to move the image in and out of the various sub-components of the pipeline. This sort of support is possible on dedicated graphics cards, but as power and size budgets become more limited, providing enough bandwidth becomes expensive in design terms.
Tiled renderers address this concern by breaking down the image into sections known as tiles, and rendering each one separately. This reduces the amount of memory needed during the intermediate steps, and the amount of data being moved about at any given time. To do this, the system sorts the triangles making up the geometry by location, allowing to quickly find which triangles overlap the tile boundaries. It then loads just those triangles into the rendering pipeline, performs the various rendering operations in the GPU, and sends the result to the frame buffer. Very small tiles can be used, 16×16 and 32×32 pixels are popular tile sizes, which makes the amount of memory and bandwidth required in the internal stages small as well. And because each tile is independent, it naturally lends itself to simple parallelization.
In a typical tiled renderer, geometry must first be transformed into screen space and assigned to screen-space tiles. This requires some storage for the l |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanning | Spanning may refer to:
Disc spanning, a feature of CD and DVD burning software
File spanning, the ability to package a single file or data stream into separate files of a specified size
Linear spanning, a concept in abstract algebra
Spanning tree, a subgraph which is a tree, containing all the vertices of a graph
Søren Spanning (1951–2020), Danish actor
See also
Span (disambiguation)
Spanner (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal%20%28disambiguation%29 | Decimal could mean:
The decimal or base ten numeral system
Decimal (unit), an obsolete unit of measure in India and Bangladesh
Decimal data type, a data type used to represent non-repeating decimal fractions
Decimal fraction, a fraction whose denominator is a power of ten
Decimal representation, a mathematical expression for a number written as a series
Decimal separator, used to mark the boundary between the ones and tenths place in numbers (e.g. "12.4"), often referred to as a "decimal"
"Decimal", a 2013 track by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark from the album English Electric
Decimal (typeface) a font designed by Hoefler & Co. inspired by the markings on watch dials.
See also
Decimal classification
Decimal section numbering |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawbreaker%20%28Windows%20Mobile%20game%29 | Jawbreaker is a port of SameGame for the Pocket PC bundled with the Microsoft Windows Mobile 2003 operating system for PDAs. The operating system, and thus the game, was officially released on April 7, 2003. The game itself was developed by American studio oopdreams software, Inc. Jawbreaker is officially listed as one of the "Core Applications" of the Windows Mobile software family, in a paper released by Microsoft. In Windows Mobile 5.0 and Windows Mobile 6.0 it is called Bubble Breaker. The original non-bundled version of the game is available from the developer itself as Bubblets.
Gameplay
The game-board consists of a screen of differently-colored balls arranged in a matrix. There are five different colors: red, blue, green, yellow and purple. The player then clicks on any two or more connecting similarly-colored balls to eliminate them from the matrix, earning an appropriate number of points in the process. The more balls eliminated at once, the higher the points added to the player's score.
The scoring can be expressed in the formula "Y=X(X-1)". X represents the number of balls grouped together, Y is the resulting score. For example an elimination of 16 balls will result in 240 points (240=16(16-1)).
In the standard mode of the game, the game ends when the player has no more moves left; there are no more like-colored balls adjacent to each other. The screen immediately goes to the scoring screen, where statistics such as Average Score, Total Score and Games Played can be seen, along with a button that the player can press in order to start a new game.
Game Options and Modes
Breaker Set
The Breaker Set option allows the player to choose between Colorful Breakers and Greyscale Breakers. The first option is the default and sets the game balls' colors to the standard five colors. Choosing the latter changes the color palette and instead of differently-colored balls, the balls are adorned with various unique greyscale patterns allowing players with monochromatic Pocket PCs to play the game, as well as players who may be colorblind and have trouble differentiating the colored balls from one another. Some of the patterns include lightly colored balls, dark grey balls and a white ball with a dark dot in the middle.
Game Styles
The player has four unique game styles to choose from, including Standard, which is described above. The other game styles are Continuous, Shifter and MegaShift.
Continuous is one of the game styles available for Jawbreaker. This particular mode is similar to the standard mode, with one major difference. Whenever the player clears an entire column of balls, a new one arrives from the left side of the game board. New columns can be previewed in a small area at the bottom of the screen. As with the regular standard mode, the game ends when the player runs out of adjacent like-colored balls.
MegaShift is another one of the game styles available for Jawbreaker. The major difference in this mode is the addition of a new co |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket%20PC%202002 | Pocket PC 2002, originally codenamed "Merlin", was a member of the Windows Mobile family of mobile operating systems, released on October 4, 2001. Like Pocket PC 2000, it was based on Windows CE 3.0.
Although mainly targeted for (QVGA) Pocket PC devices, Pocket PC 2002 was also used for Pocket PC phones (Pocket PC 2002 Phone Edition), and for the first time, smartphones (Smartphone 2002). These Pocket PC 2002 Smartphones were mainly GSM devices. With future releases, the Pocket PC and Smartphone lines would increasingly collide as the licensing terms were relaxed allowing OEMs to take advantage of more innovative, individual design ideas.
Aesthetically, Pocket PC 2002 was meant to be similar in design to the then newly released Windows XP. Newly added or updated programs include Windows Media Player 8 with streaming capability, MSN Messenger, and Microsoft Reader 2, with digital rights management support. Upgrades to the bundled version of Office Mobile include a spell checker and word count tool in Pocket Word and improved Pocket Outlook. Connectivity was improved with file beaming on non-Microsoft devices such as Palm OS, the inclusion of Terminal Services and Virtual Private Networking support, and the ability to synchronize folders. Other upgrades include an enhanced UI with theme support and savable downloads and WAP in Pocket Internet Explorer.
On the technical side of things, Pocket PC 2002 removed MIPS and SuperH CPU support, only supporting the ARM architecture.
See also
References
Windows CE
Windows Mobile
Discontinued versions of Microsoft Windows
Products and services discontinued in 2008 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemba%20Inertia%20Notes%20System | The Jemba Inertia Notes System is a computer software program used in rallying that automatically prints out stage notes for competitors to use. The purpose of the system is to allow organizers to create a consistent set of pace notes for all the competitors without having them to take additional time and resources to do the reconnaissance themselves. Currently, the system is used most heavily in the Rally America National Championship but is also used greatly for national championships in Canada, Sweden, Norway, New Zealand, Great Britain and South Africa.
The system was developed by Jemba, a Swedish-based company that specializes in making and selling of a limited scope of rally-specific products. In addition to their inertia notes system, they are a distributor for Peltor helmets, and Coralba rally computers (odometer) on which the notes system runs.
Technical
The Jemba Inertia Notes System comes in the form of software loaded onto a laptop. The laptop is connected to an odometer and a series of accelerometers (hence “inertia”) inside a car. The odometer is used to calculate precise distances between instructions and to give the location of the instructions. The accelerometers sense turns, bumps, and hills in order to give consistent grading of corners and crests in the printout. The terminology used in the printout is then defined by the user of the system.
To use the system, the user connects the laptop to the odometer and accelerometers inside the car. The user then drives the stage, a competitive section in rallying, at normal speed in the middle of the road. By going much slower than competition speeds, the accelerometers are less prone to inaccuracies, and by driving in the middle of the road, a more accurate description of the road is given (that isn’t biased to one side or the other). Then, the system prints out a description of the road based on the user's pre-defined preferences and allows the user to then make any manual changes they feel are necessary.
Regional variation
In order to be usable across the world, the system takes into account regional variation. The printout can be changed to adapt to different languages, terminology, or preferences. On the company’s website, a comparison of the system used in New Zealand is shown to be very different from that of the United States by using a different scale and terminology.
American system
New Zealand system
While the US system goes from one to six, one being the slowest, six being the fastest, the New Zealand System goes from one to eight (eight being the fastest, one being the slowest). Also, the directional term (L for left, R for right) is shown in front of the numeric term in the American system and following the numeric term in the New Zealand system.
Extra features
In addition to a printout of the notes, one can also get a graphical plot of the stage, numeric information about the stage, and a graph showing the speed profile over the complete stage for a simulated run |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool%20Software%20Gazette | Liverpool Software Gazette was a short-lived computer magazine published by Microdigital Ltd, a company who were based in Liverpool, England and run by Bruce Everiss.
History
The magazine was in print for only eight issues of which the last was a double issue. Issues were bi-monthly from November 1979 to February 1981 though the last was actually dated February/April 1981. Initially costing 50p, the price increased to 75p by the fifth edition while the final double edition cost £1.50. The page count started at around 50 though by the fifth edition had reached 100 pages.
The pressure of running both Microdigital and the magazine soon took its toll on the company, and the magazine was put up for sale during the final edition. It was sold to and incorporated into an Apple magazine where all non-Apple content was immediately dropped.
The magazine was intended for an audience of sophisticated and experienced computer users and tackled a wide range of subjects from languages, machine code and CPUs, systems (both large and small), games, programming techniques, astronomy. In many cases the articles went far deeper than those normally tackled by the computer magazines of the day.
Content
There were some regular columns such as Pets Corner (for the Commodore PET), Apple Pips (for the Apple II), Nascom Notes and Nybbles (small BASIC tips and routines).
Below are some of the contents from each of the issues. Note the general term for computers back then was Microcomputers (sometimes spelt as two words). In some cases the original spelling/typos have been left intact.
Issue 1:
Sargon meets the Nascom
Programming Practices and Technics
M5 System - an Interpreter for the Nascom One
I'm Pilot, fly me
Acorn Mastermind
Pascal bytes the Apple
Issue 2:
Dungeons & Dragons Revisited
Numerical Accuracy of Microcomputers
Cesil - an introduction
Acorn and the Kim
Z-80 Processor Profile
Revas & Zeap
Application Software for Microcomputers
Trekking by 'JTK'
Byting more off your Disk
Issue 3:
AIM 65 Assembler
Graphics Shapes (Series)
Pilot Takes Off
Pascal - an Introduction (series)
Algol 68C on the Z80
Microcomputers and Biochemistry
Sharp Machine Language
Super Sort
Issue 4:
Star Gate
Jet Set
6800 Processor Profile
A Forth Introduction
A Useful Pascal Program (series)
A Marvel Called the MC6809
A Number Processor for the Acorn
Architectural Software on the Cheap
Commercial Micro Software Fundamentals
Social Effects of Micro Computers
Issue 5:
Xtal Basic - The Extendable One
Analysis of Systems Analysis
Cesil Interpreted in Basic
Algol 68
Fortran 77
Lisp
Forms Processing
Compiling Systems
The Users View of Visicalc
Issue 6 (Pascal special):
'Warning' Prolonged use of Pascal may seriously damage your mental health
Integer Pascal on the Nascom
Structured and not so Structured Programming
TCL Pascal
A Readers Contribution
Alarming Your Computer
The Romplus and Keyboard Filter
Stargate Unlocked
Tangerine Article
M |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land%20Use%20Evolution%20and%20Impact%20Assessment%20Model | The Land Use Evolution and Impact Assessment Model (or LEAM) is a computer model developed
at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. LEAM is designed to simulate future land use
change as a result of alternative policies and development decisions. In recent years, LEAM has been used in combination with transportation and social cost models to better capture the effects land use has on transportation demand and social costs and vice versa.
History
LEAM was first developed in the LEAMlab of the Department of Urban and Regional Planning at the
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in the late 1990s with funding from the National Science Foundation. Its popularity with counties and regional agencies in Illinois led to technology licensing from the university and commercialization. In 2003, LEAMgroup was founded by professors Dr. Brian Deal and Dr. Varkki Pallathucheril. Since then, LEAM and its associated planning and decision support tools have been applied all around the U.S. and abroad.
Approach
LEAM was developed to coordinate complex regional planning activities and aid in regionally-based
thinking, decision support, and policy establishment.
In LEAM, a region is represented as a 30x30-meter cell grid. A discrete-choice model controls whether
land use in each grid cell is transformed from its present state to a new state (residential, commercial, or industrial use) in a particular time step.
Several factors, or drivers, go into determining the likelihood of land use change. Drivers of change
include factors associated with each cell such as proximity to cities, employment centers, roads,
highways; slope; location within wetlands and floodplains; and characteristics of surrounding cells.
Whether or not a cell finally changes states is determined by its probability score and the scores of its
neighboring cells as well as a factor of chance.
LEAM results then serve as inputs to impact assessment models that determine the implications of land
use change on human, natural, and cultural systems. Some of these models include: transportation
demand, air quality, water quality and quantity, runoff pollution, habitat fragmentation, and utility and
infrastructure demand and cost.
See also
UrbanSim
References
B. Deal, 2001. "Ecological Urban Dynamics: The Convergence of Spatial Modeling and Sustainability," The Journal of Building Research and Information 29(5): 381-393.
B. Deal, C. Farello, & B. Hannon, 2004. "A Dynamic Model of the Spread of an Infectious Disease: The Case of Fox Rabies in Illinois," in Landscape Simulation Modeling: A Spatially Explicit, Dynamic Approach R. Costanza and A. Voinov, eds. New York: Springer.
B. Deal and D. Fournier, 2000. "Ecological Urban Dynamics and Spatial Modeling," Proceedings of the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy, Summer Study on Efficiency and Sustainability,
Monterey, CA.
B. Deal and V. Pallathucheril, 2009. "A Use-Driven Approach to Large-Scale Urban Modelling and Pl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity%20Pipe | Gravity Pipe (abbreviated GRAPE) is a project which uses hardware acceleration to perform gravitational computations. Integrated with Beowulf-style commodity computers, the GRAPE system calculates the force of gravity that a given mass, such as a star, exerts on others. The project resides at Tokyo University.
The GRAPE hardware acceleration component "pipes" the force computation to the general-purpose computer serving as a node in a parallelized cluster as the innermost loop of the gravitational model.
Its shortened name, GRAPE, was chosen as an intentional reference to the Apple Inc. line of computers.
Method
The primary calculation in GRAPE hardware is a summation of the forces between a particular star and every other star in the simulation.
Several versions (GRAPE-1, GRAPE-3 and GRAPE-5) use the logarithmic number system (LNS) in the pipeline to calculate the approximate force between two stars and take the antilogarithms of the x, y and z components before adding them to their corresponding total. The GRAPE-2, GRAPE-4 and GRAPE-6 use floating-point arithmetic for more accurate calculation of such forces. The advantage of the logarithmic-arithmetic versions is that they allow more and faster parallel pipes for a given hardware cost because all but the sum portion of the GRAPE algorithm (1.5 power of the sum of the squares of the input data divided by the input data) is easy to perform with LNS.
GRAPE-DR consists of a large number of simple processors, all operating in the SIMD fashion.
Application
GRAPE computes approximate solutions to the historically intractable n-body problem, which is of interest in astrophysics and celestial mechanics. n refers to the number of celestial bodies in a given problem. While the 2-body problem was solved by Kepler's laws in the 17th century, any calculation where n > 2 has historically been a nigh-impossible challenge. An analytical solution exists for n = 3, although the resulting series converges too slowly to be of practical use. For n > 2, solutions are generally calculated numerically by determining the interaction between all particles. Thus, the calculation scales as n2.
GRAPE assists in calculations of interactions between particles where the interaction scales as r−2. This dependence is hardwired, drastically improving calculation times. These problems include the evolution of galaxies (gravitation force scales as r−2). Similar problems exist in molecular chemistry and biology, where the force considered would be electrical rather than gravitational.
In 1999, Marseilles Observatory published a study on simulating the formation of proto-planets and plantessimals with a large planetary body. This simulation used the GRAPE-4 system.
Prizes
The LNS-based GRAPE-5 architecture won the Price Performance category of the Gordon Bell Prize in 1999, at about $7 per MegaFLOPS. This category measures the price efficiency of a particular machine in terms of the price in dollars per megaFLOPS. The |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB%20Station%26Service | DB Station&Service is a subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn, responsible for managing over 5,400 train stations on the German railway network. On 1 January 2024, it will to merge with DB Netz to form DB InfraGO.
References
External links
Companies based in Berlin
Deutsche Bahn
Railway companies established in 1999
Railway companies disestablished in 2023
1999 establishments in Germany
2023 disestablishments in Germany |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECFS%20%28cable%20system%29 | ECFS (East Caribbean Fiber System) is a network of repeaterless fiber optic submarine communications cable that interconnects fourteen (14) eastern Caribbean islands. The cable is 1730 km (1075 mi) in length and runs from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad in ten (10) segments. It was first installed in September 1995 and was scheduled to be upgraded by Xtera Communications as of April 25, 2013.
Landing points
Tortola, British Virgin Islands
Anguilla
St. Martin
St. Kitts & Nevis
Antigua
Montserrat
Guadeloupe
Dominica
Martinique
St. Lucia
Barbados
St. Vincent
Grenada
Trinidad
See also
Cable & Wireless
List of international submarine communications cables
References
External links
Liberty Latin America
Submarine communications cables in the Caribbean Sea
1995 establishments in North America |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S1%20%28Munich%29 | The S1 is a service on the Munich S-Bahn network. It is operated by DB Regio Bayern. It runs from Munich Airport station and Freising to Neufahrn bei Freising station, where most trains are coupled (and uncoupled in the opposite direction). Trains continue via Feldmoching, Laim, central Munich to Munich East.
The service is operated at 20-minute intervals between Munich Airport station and East Munich. Two out of three trains per hour continue from Neufahrn bei Freising to Freising, so that the headway between trains alternates between 20 and 40 minutes. It is operated using class 423 four-car electric multiple units, usually as two coupled sets. In the evenings and on Sundays they generally run as single sets.
The service runs over lines built at various times:
from Munich Airport to Neufahrn bei Freising over the Neufahrn Link, opened by Deutsche Bahn on 29 November 1998
from Freising to Laim over the Munich–Regensburg railway, opened by the Royal Bavarian Eastern Railway Company on 3 November 1858. The section from Feldmoching to a point to the east of Donnersbergerbrücke was relocated to the west on 28 September 1892.
from Laim to the approaches to Munich Central Station (Hauptbahnhof) over a section of the S-Bahn trunk line laid parallel to the Munich–Augsburg railway, opened by the Munich–Augsburg Railway Company on 1 September 1839
the underground section of the S-Bahn trunk line from the approaches to Munich Central Station to Munich East station, opened on 1 May 1971
S-Bahn services commenced on 28 May 1972 as between Freising and Kreuzstraße. took over the section from Munich East to Kreuzstraße on 10 June 2001. Services to Munich Airport commenced on 29 November 1998.
Notes
Munich S-Bahn lines
1972 establishments in Germany |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared%20mesh | A shared mesh (also known as 'traditional' or 'best effort' mesh) is a wireless mesh network that uses a single radio to communicate via mesh backhaul links to all the neighboring nodes in the mesh. This is a first generation mesh where the total available bandwidth of the radio channel is ‘shared’ between all the neighboring nodes in the mesh. The capacity of the channel is further consumed by traffic being forwarded from one node to the next in the mesh – reducing the end to end traffic that can be passed. Because bandwidth is shared amongst all nodes in the mesh, and because every link in the mesh uses additional capacity, this type of network offers much lower end to end transmission rates than a switched mesh and degrades in capacity as nodes are added to the mesh.
Wireless mesh nodes typically include both mesh backhaul links and client access. A dual radio shared mesh node uses separate access and mesh backhaul radios. Only the mesh backhaul radio is shared. In a single radio shared mesh node, access and mesh backhaul are collapsed onto a single radio. Now the available bandwidth is shared between both the mesh links and client access, further reducing the end to end traffic available.
See also
Wireless mesh network
IEEE 802.11
Mesh networking
Switched mesh
Wi-Fi
Wireless LAN
802.16
External links
White Paper: Capacity of Wireless Mesh Networks Understanding single radio, dual radio and multi radio wireless mesh networks.
What is Third Generation Mesh? Review of three generation of mesh networking architectures.
Ugly Truths About Mesh Networks Performance issues of First and Second Generation Mesh products.
Wireless networking
Network topology
Radio technology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switched%20mesh | A switched mesh is a wireless mesh network that uses multiple radios to communicate via dedicated mesh backhaul links to each neighboring node in the mesh. Here all of the available bandwidth of each separate radio channel is dedicated to the link to the neighboring node. The total available bandwidth is the sum of the bandwidth of each of the links. Each dedicated mesh link is on a separate channel, ensuring that forwarded traffic does not use any bandwidth from any other link in the mesh. As a result, a switched mesh is capable of much higher capacities and transmission rates than a shared mesh and grows in capacity as nodes are added to the mesh.
A switched mesh node uses separate access and multiple mesh backhaul radios.
There are three distinct types of configuration of wireless mesh networking products in the market today:
single radio shared mesh in the first type one radio provides both backhaul (packet relaying) and client services (access to a laptop).
dual radio shared mesh in the second type one radio relays packets over multiple hops while another provides client access. This significantly improves backhaul bandwidth and latency.
switched mesh the third type uses two or more radios for the backhaul for higher bandwidth and low latency. Third generation wireless mesh networking products are replacing previous generation products as more demanding applications like voice and video need to be relayed over many hops of the mesh network.
See also
Shared mesh
Mesh networking
Wireless mesh networking
IEEE 802.11
802.16
Wireless LAN
Wi-Fi
Wireless networking
Network topology
Radio technology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPer | iPer (also known as IPER tool) is an educational computer program designed to manage hypertext and hypermedia.
The software was invented in 1996 at Politecnico di Torino and abstracts about its original interface design were published for the first time within the papers of the ED-Media '97 World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia, and Telecommunications in Calgary (The EDMedia 97 Paper about Iper).
iPer was probably the first software with a visual approach to hyperlinks, introducing the WYSIWYL interface.
In 1996, the common way to place a Web link was to write:
[[WYSIWYL|The WYSIWYL in Wikipedia]]
In 1996, with iPer, probably for the first time for a Web softwarethe author was able to choose the destination page with a click on a visual preview (a sort of Web browser), without having to type the actual file name or the URL, and without having to be online (connected to the Internet) while performing the various edit on his/her hypertext document.
The first version of iPer required a server extension software (IPERserver), that was available for Unix-based and Windows-based web server platforms.
iPer was then improved; an internal FTP publishing feature was added and so the software became capable of direct Internet publishing.
It was then released as shareware and it was featured on several paper magazines and online magazines, in Italy (for example Internet News; October 1999; , PC World January 2000), USA (for example Information Week; April 2000, PC AI Magazine) and the rest of the world.
iPer is the ancestor of the commercial software products Hyper Publish and PaperKiller.
See also
WYSIWYL
Hyper Publish
Politecnico di Torino
Virtual learning environments
Hypertext |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-generated%20holography | Computer-generated holography (CGH) is the method of digitally generating holographic interference patterns. A holographic image can be generated e.g., by digitally computing a holographic interference pattern and printing it onto a mask or film for subsequent illumination by suitable coherent light source.
Alternatively, the holographic image can be brought to life by a holographic 3D display (a display which operates on the basis of interference of coherent light), bypassing the need of having to fabricate a "hardcopy" of the holographic interference pattern each time. Consequently, in recent times the term "computer-generated holography" is increasingly being used to denote the whole process chain of synthetically preparing holographic light wavefronts suitable for observation.
Computer-generated holograms have the advantage that the objects which one wants to show do not have to possess any physical reality at all (completely synthetic hologram generation). On the other hand, if holographic data of existing objects is generated optically, but digitally recorded and processed, and brought to display subsequently, this is termed CGH as well. Ultimately, computer-generated holography might serve all the roles of current computer-generated imagery: holographic computer displays for a wide range of applications from CAD to gaming, holographic video and TV programs, automotive and communication applications (cell phone displays) and many more.
Overview
Holography is a technique originally invented by Hungarian physicist Dennis Gabor (1900–1979) to improve the resolving power on electron microscopes. An object is illuminated with a coherent (usually monochromatic) light beam; the scattered light is brought to interference with a reference beam of the same source, recording the interference pattern. CGH as defined in the introduction has broadly three tasks:
Computation of the virtual scattered wavefront
Encoding the wavefront data, preparing it for display
Reconstruction: Modulating the interference pattern onto a coherent light beam by technological means, to transport it to the user observing the hologram.
Note that it is not always justified to make a strict distinction between these steps; however it helps the discussion to structure it in this way.
Wavefront computation
Computer generated holograms offer important advantages over the optical holograms since there is no need for a real object. Because of this breakthrough, a three-dimensional display was expected when the first algorithms were reported at 1966.
Unfortunately, the researchers soon realized that there are noticeable lower and upper bounds in terms of computational speed and image quality and fidelity respectively. Wavefront calculations are computationally very intensive; even with modern mathematical techniques and high-end computing equipment, real-time computation is tricky. There are many different methods for calculating the interference pattern for a CGH.
In the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2%20%28Munich%29 | The S2 is a service on the Munich S-Bahn network. It is operated by DB Regio Bayern. It runs from Petershausen station to Erding station via Dachau, Laim, central Munich, Munich East and Markt Schwaben.
The line is operated at 20-minute intervals between Dachau and Markt Schwaben. One train an hour continues from Dachau to Altomünster and the other two continue from Dachau to Petershausen so that the gap between trains alternates between 20 and 40 minutes between Dachau to Petershausen. Similarly only two out of three continue from Markt Schwaben to Erding, creating a similar varying gap between trains. It is operated using class 423 four-car electrical multiple units, usually as two coupled sets. In the evenings and on Sundays they generally run as single sets. Extra peak hour services are operated between Dachau and Altomünster, using class 420 four-car electrical multiple units (this is the only place this class operates on the Munich S-Bahn network), creating a 30-minute frequency on the branch.
The service runs over lines built at various times:
from Petershausen to Laim over the Munich–Ingolstadt railway, opened by the Royal Bavarian Eastern Railway Company in 1867;
from Altomünster to Dachau over the Dachau–Altomünster railway, opened by the Royal Bavarian Eastern Railway Company from Dachau to Indersdorf on 8 July 1912 and from Indersdorf to Altomünster on 18 December 1913;
from Laim to the approaches to Munich Central Station (Hauptbahnhof) over a section of the S-Bahn trunk line laid parallel to the Munich–Augsburg railway, opened by the Munich–Augsburg Railway Company on 1 September 1839;
the underground section of the S-Bahn trunk line from the approaches to Munich Central Station to Munich East station, opened on 1 May 1971;
from Munich East to Markt Schwaben over the Munich–Mühldorf railway, opened by the Royal Bavarian State Railways on 1 May 1871; and
Markt Schwaben to Erding over the Markt Schwaben–Erding railway opened on 16 November 1872.
The S2 was introduced on 28 May 1972 and ran between Petershausen and Deisenhofen. The section between Munich East and Erding was then served by the S6, which ran between Tutzing and Erding. The current route of the S2 was established in 2009. Services commenced between Altomünster to Dachau on 14 December 2014.
Notes
Munich S-Bahn lines
1972 establishments in Germany |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco%20P.%20Preparata | Franco P. Preparata is a computer scientist, the An Wang Professor, Emeritus, of Computer Science at Brown University.
He is best known for his 1985 book "Computational Geometry: An Introduction" into which he blended salient parts of M. I. Shamos' doctoral thesis (Shamos appears as a co-author of the book). This book, which represents a snapshot of the disciplines as of 1985, has been for many years the standard textbook in the field, and has been translated into four foreign Languages (Russian, Japanese, Chinese, and Polish). He has made several contributions to the computational geometry, the most recent being the notion of "algorithmic degree" as a key feature to control robust implementations of geometric algorithms.
In addition, Preparata has worked in many other areas of, or closely related to, computer science.
His initial work was in coding theory, where he (independently and simultaneously) contributed the Berlekamp-Preparata codes (optimal convolution codes for burst-error correction) and the Preparata codes, the first known systematic class of nonlinear binary codes, with higher information content than corresponding linear BCH codes of the same length. Thirty years later these codes have been found relevant to quantum coding theory.
In 1967, he substantially contributed to a model of system-level fault diagnosis, known today as the PMC (Preparata-Metze-Chien) model, which is a main issue in the design of highly dependable processing systems. This model is still the object of intense research today (as attested by the literature).
Over the years, he was also active in research in parallel computation and VLSI theory. His 1979 paper (with Jean Vuillemin), still highly cited, presented the cube-connected-cycles (CCC), a parallel architecture that optimally emulates the hypercube interconnection. This interconnection was closely reflected in the architecture of the CM2 of Thinking Machines Inc., the first massive-parallel system in the VLSI era. His 1991 paper with Zhou and Kang on interconnection delays in VLSI was awarded the 1993 "Darlington Best Paper Award" by the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society. In the late nineties, (in joint work with G. Bilardi) he confronted the problem of the physical limitations (space and speed) of parallel computation, and formulated the conclusion that mesh connections are ultimately the only scalable massively parallel architectures.
More recently the focus of his research has been Computational Biology. Among other results, he contributed (with Eli Upfal) a novel approach to DNA Sequencing by Hybridization, achieving sequencing lengths that are the square of what was previously known, which has attracted media coverage.
The unifying character of these results in diverse research areas is the methodological approach, based on the construction of precise mathematical models and the use of sophisticated mathematical techniques.
Preparata was born in Italy in December, 1935. He received a doctor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoch%20Co. | is a Japanese toy and computer games company founded in 1958 which is best known for manufacturing Barcode Battler and Doraemon video games, Aquabeads, and the Sylvanian Families series of toys. Its current Representative President is Michihiro Maeda.
They also made Japan's first successful programmable console video game system, the Cassette Vision, in 1981.
History
Founded in May 1958 by Maeda Taketora and three others in Tokyo with ¥1 million, Maeda Taketora is made president, eleven months later, it had increased its capital to ¥2.5 million. Epoch participated in the first Japanese international toy trade fair in 1962. It moved to its headquarters to its current location in Tokyo in 1963. After 20 years of its founding in 1978, Epoch had increased to ¥200 million - 200 times the original startup cost. It also had a United States office, which sold imported English versions of its products. In September 2001 it founded an international branch. It acquired International Playthings of the United States in 2008. It is most famous for its Doraemon and Sylvanian Families toy and video game productions.
Video game consoles
TV Tennis Electrotennis (September 12, 1975)
TV Game System 10 (1977)
TV Baseball (1978)
Cassette TV Game (1979)
TV Vader (1980)
Cassette Vision (July 30, 1981)
Cassette Vision Jr. (1983)
Super Cassette Vision (July 17, 1984)
Epoch Game Pocket Computer (1984, first programmable handheld game console)
SCV Lady’s Set (1985)
Barcode Battler (March 1991)
LCD handheld electronic games
Epoch also created many LCD handheld electronic games. Some of these were made in cooperation with ITMC, Gama-Mangold, Tomy and other companies.
Games produced
Doraemon Games
Doraemon: Giga Zombie no Gyakushuu
Doraemon
Doraemon 2
Doraemon 3
Doraemon 4
Doraemon: Nobita to Fukkatsu no Hoshi
Doraemon 2: SOS! Otogi no Kuni
Doraemon
Doraemon Kart
Doraemon no GameBoy de Asobou yo DX10
Doraemon 2
Doraemon Kart 2
Doraemon: Aruke Aruke Labyrinth
Doraemon Memories: Nobita no Omoide Daibouken
Doraemon: Nobita to 3-tsu no Seirei Ishi (N64)
Doraemon 2: Nobita to Hikari no Shinden (N64)
Doraemon 3: Nobita no Machi SOS! (N64)
Doraemon 3: Makai no Dungeon
Doraemon no Study Boy: Kuku Game
Doraemon no Study Boy: Gakushuu Kanji Game
Doraemon Kimi to Pet no Monogatari
Doraemon Board Game
Doraemon no Quiz Boy 2
Doraemon no Study Boy: Kanji Yomikaki Master
Sylvanian Families Games
(Game Boy Color)
(Game Boy Color)
(Game Boy Color)
(Game Boy Color)
(Game Boy Advance)
(Game Boy Advance)
(Game Boy Advance)
Licensed Games
Chibi Maruko-chan: Harikiri 365-Nichi no Maki
Lupin III: Densetsu no Hihō o Oe!
The Amazing Spider-Man: Lethal Foes
Donald Duck no Mahō no Bōshi
St Andrews: Eikō to Rekishi no Old Course
Alice no Paint Adventure
Chibi Maruko-Chan: Go-Chōnai Minna de Game da yo!
Other games
Famicom Yakyuuban
Kiteretsu Daihyakka
Cyraid
Dragon Slayer I
Parasol Henbee
Dai Meiro: Meikyu no Tatsujin
Dragon Slayer (Game Boy)
Dragon Slayer Gaiden (Ga |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDoc | RDoc, designed by Dave Thomas, is an embedded documentation generator for the Ruby programming language.
It analyzes Ruby source code, generating a structured collection of pages for Ruby objects and methods.
Code comments can be added in a natural style.
RDoc is included as part of the Ruby core distribution. The RDoc software and format are successors to the Ruby Document format (with associated software RD).
RDoc can produce usable documentation even if the target source code does not contain explicit comments as it will still parse the classes, modules, and methods, and list them in the generated API files. RDoc also provides the engine for creating Ruby ri data files, providing access to API information from the command line.
RDoc and ri are currently maintained by Eric Hodel and Ryan Davis.
Syntax
RDoc supports four markup languages, RDoc Markup, Markdown, tomdoc, and rdtool. Its own RDoc Markup is used by default. In RDoc Markup, special directives are enclosed in a pair of colons. For example, to indicate that a method takes arguments called and , one can write .
See also
Comparison of documentation generators
References
External links
Chapter on RubyDoc in the Ruby Wikibook
Free documentation generators |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20British%20Rail%20modern%20traction%20locomotive%20classes | This article lists every locomotive allocated a TOPS classification and all modern traction (e.g. diesel, electric, gas turbine, petrol) stock used on the mainline network since 1948 (i.e. British Railways and post-privatisation).
Diesel locomotives
The 1955 diesel locomotive classes are given in brackets where applicable.
A large number of different shunter types were purchased by British Rail and its predecessors, many of which were withdrawn prior to the introduction of TOPS. The tables below attempt to list the different types and the different classifications used to describe them as clearly as possible:
Small shunters: under 300 hp
Shunter classes are listed by 1955 class, which puts TOPS classes in ascending order, and generally puts 1948 and 1962 classes in ascending order. Unclassed shunters are placed at the start of the table; TOPS class 07 has been placed so its 1962 class is in the logical place.
Relation between TOPS, 1948, 1955 and 1962 classes, and 1948, 1957 and TOPS numbers:
Large shunters: 300–799 hp
Relation between TOPS, 1948, 1955 and 1962 classes, and 1948, 1957 and TOPS numbers:
Type 1 locomotives: 800 – 1,000 hp
Relation between TOPS, 1948, 1955 and 1962 classes, and 1948, 1957 and TOPS numbers (unless otherwise given):
Type 2 locomotives: 1,001 – 1,499 hp
Locomotive class are listed by TOPS class. Locomotives for TOPS classes 24 and 26 have their original sub-classes shown, as each wholly comprised locomotives from a distinct 1962 class. Class 21 (II) has sub-classes shown as these are superficially similar but mechanically different types grouped into a single class.
Relation between TOPS, 1948, 1955 and 1962 classes, and 1948, 1957 and TOPS numbers (unless otherwise given):
Type 3 locomotives: 1,500–1,999 hp
Relation between TOPS, 1955 and 1962 classes, and pre-TOPS and TOPS numbers (unless otherwise given):
Type 4 locomotives: 2,000–2,999 hp
Type 5 locomotives: over 3,000 hp
Electric locomotives
Miscellaneous locomotives
Class 99
When British Rail implemented the TOPS system for managing their operating stock, ships capable of carrying rail vehicles were incorporated into the system as Class 99. In order to circumvent restrictions of the application software, these ships were entered on TOPS as locomotives, 'hauling' the trains which they carried on board. Class 99 has now been allocated to a class of bi-mode locomotives.
Builders' demonstrators
These were locomotives built and owned by private firms, but used by British Railways to test them.
Unbuilt locomotives
A number of TOPS class numbers were allocated to proposed locomotives, both diesel and electric, which for many reasons were not proceeded with.
See also
List of British Rail classes
British Rail locomotive and multiple unit numbering and classification
Steam locomotives of British Railways
List of British Rail diesel multiple unit classes
List of British Rail electric multiple unit classes
List of British Rail departmental multi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20British%20Rail%20electric%20multiple%20unit%20classes | This article lists every electric-powered multiple unit allocated a TOPS classification or used on the mainline network since 1948, i.e. British Railways and post-privatisation. For a historical overview of electric multiple unit development in Great Britain, see British electric multiple units.
British Rail operated a wide variety of electric multiple units for use on electrified lines:
AC units operate off (AC) from overhead wires. Where clearances for the overhead wires on the Great Eastern Main Line, North Clyde Line and London, Tilbury and Southend railway routes were below standard, a reduced voltage of was used. The Midland Railway units used . Under the computer numbering, AC units (including mixed-voltage units that can also work off a DC supply) were given a class in the range 300-399.
DC units operate off (DC) from a third rail on the Southern Region and North London, Merseyside and Tyneside networks. The Manchester-Bury Railway line used from a side-contact third rail. The Manchester South Junction & Altrincham and "Woodhead" and initially the Great Eastern Railway routes used from overhead wires. Under the computer numbering, DC units were given a class in the range 400-599.
AC EMUs and dual-voltage EMUs
First generation
Second generation
Modern/Third generation
These use solid state switching devices (thyristors and transistors) and have electronic power control.
High speed trains
High speed multiple unit or fixed formation trainsets, capable of operating at speeds above .
DC EMUs
Southern Region units
The Southern Railway and its successor, the Southern Region of British Rail, used three letter codes to classify their DC EMU fleets, as shown after the TOPS class numbers. Southern Region EMUs were classified in the 400 series under TOPS.
Pre-Nationalisation
Mark 1 and 2 bodyshell
Tube Stock
Modern EMUs
Other DC units
The 500 series classes were reserved for miscellaneous DC EMUs not from the Southern Region. This included the DC (third/fourth rail) lines in North London, Manchester and Merseyside and the OHLE lines in Greater Manchester. The DC electric network around Tyneside had been de-electrified by the time TOPS was introduced, and the stock withdrawn or transferred to the Southern Region.
TOPS classes
Pre-TOPS classes
Ex-LNER units (Tyneside stock)
Ex-LNWR units (North London stock)
Ex-LOR units (Liverpool Overhead Railway stock)
Ex-LYR units (Manchester-Bury stock)
Ex-Mersey Railway units (Merseyside DC stock)
Ex-W&CR units (Waterloo & City Railway stock)
Battery electric multiple unit (BEMU)
The original BEMU was a one-off unit, withdrawn before the introduction of TOPS. A new generation battery EMU (called an Independently Powered Electric Multiple Unit) was created in 2014, converted from a Class 379.
Non National Rail units
All rail vehicles operating on Network Rail infrastructure are required to be given TOPS codes. For this reason, London Underground, Sheffield Supertram and Tyne & Wear |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S4%20%28Munich%29 | Line S4 is a line on the Munich S-Bahn network. It is operated by DB Regio Bayern. It runs from Geltendorf station to Ebersberg station via Pasing, central Munich, Munich East and Grafing station.
The line is operated at 20-minute intervals between Grafrath or Buchenau and Grafing station. Two out of three trains an hour continue from Buchenau to Geltendorf and from Grafing station to Ebersberg, so that the gap between trains alternates between 20 and 40 minutes. It is operated using class 423 four-car electrical multiple units, usually as two coupled sets. In the evenings and on Sundays they generally run as single sets.
The line runs over lines built at various times:
from Geltendorf to Pasing over the Munich–Buchloe railway, opened by the Royal Bavarian State Railways on 1 May 1873
from Pasing to the approaches to Munich Central Station (Hauptbahnhof) over a section of the S-Bahn trunk line laid parallel to the Munich–Augsburg railway, opened by the Munich–Augsburg Railway Company from Munich to Pasing on 1 September 1839
the underground section of the S-Bahn trunk line from the approaches to Munich Central Station to Munich East station, opened on 1 May 1971
from Munich East station to Grafing station on the Munich–Rosenheim railway, opened by the Royal Bavarian State Railways on 15 October 1871 and electrified on 12 April 1927.
from Grafing station to Ebersberg over the Grafing–Wasserburg railway, opened by the Royal Bavarian State Railways on 6 November 1899 and electrified in 1969.
S-Bahn services on line S 4 between Geltendorf and Ebersberg commenced on 28 May 1972. For a period up to 2009, the section from Munich East to Ebersberg was operated as the former line S 5.
Notes
Munich S-Bahn lines
1972 establishments in Germany |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S3%20%28Munich%29 | The S3 is a service on the Munich S-Bahn network. It is operated by DB Regio Bayern. It runs from Mammendorf station to Holzkirchen station via Pasing, central Munich, Munich East, Giesing and Deisenhofen. Trains reverse in Munich East station and, in order for S-Bahn services from St Martinstraße to be inserted into the S-Bahn line while simultaneously reversing to run into the S-Bahn tunnel under central Munich or vice versa, the line between Munich East station and the flying junction between München-Giesing and Fasangarten stations is one of the few in Germany that has traffic running on the left.
The service is operated at 20-minute intervals between Maisach and Deisenhofen. Two out of three trains an hour continue from Maisach to Mammendorf and from Deisenhofen to Holzkirchen, so that the gap between trains alternates between 20 and 40 minutes. It is operated using class 423 four-car electrical multiple units, usually as two coupled sets. In the evenings and on Sundays they generally run as single sets.
The service uses several railway lines built at various times:
from Mammendorf to Pasing over the Munich–Augsburg railway, opened by the Munich–Augsburg Railway Company from Munich to Lochhausen on 1 September 1839, from Lochhausen to Olching on 27 October 1839, from Olching to Maisach on 7 December 1839 and from Maisach to Mammendorf on 4 October 1840
from Pasing to the approaches to Munich Central Station (Hauptbahnhof) over a section of the S-Bahn trunk line laid parallel to the Munich–Augsburg railway
the underground section of the S-Bahn trunk line from the approaches to Munich Central Station to Munich East station, opened on 1 May 1971
from Munich East station to Deisenhofen on the Munich East–Deisenhofen railway, opened by the Royal Bavarian State Railways on 10 October 1898 and electrified in March 1971.
from Deisenhofen to Holzkirchen over the Munich–Holzkirchen railway, opened on 31 October 1857 and electrified in 1968.
The S3 was introduced on 28 May 1972 and ran between Mammendorf (then called Nannhofen) and Ismaning. At the same the S2 began operating between Petershausen and Deisenhofen. This service was extended to Holzkirchen in 1975. Since December 2009 the S3 runs between Mammendorf and Holzkirchen.
Notes
Munich S-Bahn lines
1972 establishments in Germany |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Training%20Center%20XML | Training Center XML (TCX) is a data exchange format introduced in 2007 as part of Garmin's Training Center product. The XML is similar to GPX since it exchanges GPS tracks, but treats a track as an Activity rather than simply a series of GPS points. TCX provides standards for transferring heart rate, running cadence, bicycle cadence, calories in the detailed track. It also provides summary data in the form of laps.
Its Internet media type is application/vnd.garmin.tcx+xml for php the media type is application/octet-stream
External links
XML Schemas
Garmin's Training Center Database XML (TCX) Schema
User profile extension Schema
Activity extension Schema
Garmin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S6%20%28Munich%29 | Line S6 is a line on the Munich S-Bahn network. It is operated by DB Regio Bayern. It runs from Tutzing station to Zorneding via Starnberg, Pasing, central Munich and Munich East.
The line is operated at 20-minute intervals between Starnberg and Munich East. Two out of three trains an hour continue from Starnberg to Tutzing, so that the gap between trains alternates between 20 and 40 minutes. In the peak hour services are extended to and from Zorneding every 20 minutes. It is operated using class 423 four-car electrical multiple units, usually as two coupled sets. In the evenings and on Sundays they generally run as single sets.
The line runs over lines built at various times:
from Tutzing to Pasing over the Munich–Garmisch-Partenkirchen railway, in accordance with an agreement of 5 November 1853 between the Royal Bavarian State Railways (; K.Bay.Sts.B.) and the architect Ulrich Himbsel and opened on 21 May 1854. Between Munich and Pasing the line was duplicated and shared with the Munich-Augsburg Railway Company. The line was extended to Gauting on 16 July, to Mühlthal on 16 September and to Starnberg on 28 November 1854. On 1 January 1862 the line was purchased by the Bavarian government, which had previously leased and operated it. The continuation of the line from Starnberg, was built and operated by the town of Weilheim under a concession. The line was extended to Tutzing on 1 July 1865. The line was electrified from Tutzing to Starnberg on 16 February 1925 and from Starnberg to Munich on 20 February 1925.
from Pasing to the approaches to Munich Central Station (Hauptbahnhof) over a section of the S-Bahn trunk line laid parallel to the Munich–Augsburg railway, opened by the Munich–Augsburg Railway Company from Munich to Pasing on 1 September 1839
the underground section of the S-Bahn trunk line from the approaches to Munich Central Station to Munich East station, opened on 1 May 1971
from Munich East station to Zorneding on the Munich–Rosenheim railway, opened by the Royal Bavarian State Railways on 15 October 1871 and electrified on 12 April 1927.
S-Bahn services on line S 6 commenced on 28 May 1972, originally running between Tutzing and Erding. The present route has operated since about 2009. The section from Munich East to Zorneding (which is now normally operated by line S 4 services) was formerly operated as line S 5 between Herrsching and Ebersberg.
Notes
Munich S-Bahn lines
1972 establishments in Germany |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valimo%20railway%20station | Valimo railway station (, ) is a station on the Helsinki commuter rail network located in the western part of Helsinki, Finland, between Huopalahti and Pitäjanmäki stations. It is located about to the northwest/west of Helsinki Central railway station, in the core of the Pitäjänmäki industrial area.
History
As Strömberg
The first iteration of the station was opened on 1 December 1949 under the name Strömberg. It was built exclusively to serve the workers of the Strömberg factory in the district of Pitäjänmäki; trains would only stop during times corresponding to the opening and closing times of work shifts at the facilities, and the only pathway to the halt was through the private area of the factory yards. As the Huutoniemi halt on the Seinäjoki–Vaasa railway was also called Strömberg at the time, fulfilling a similar purpose in Vaasa, it was first renamed Huutomäki on the day of the opening of the halt in Pitäjänmäki. Coinciding with parts of the rantarata being expanded to double track, Strömberg received another wooden side platform in 1958.
As Valimo
The Strömberg halt was closed on 30 May 1976 and was replaced by the contemporary station of Valimo, some to the east from the old platforms towards Helsinki. Unlike Strömberg, however, Valimo was intended to serve the entire industrial area in Pitäjänmäki. During the construction of the Leppävaara City Line, an additional pair of tracks from Helsinki to Leppävaara exclusively to be used by trains on the Helsinki commuter rail network, temporary platforms were built in Valimo in 1995. The wholly renovated station was inaugurated on 16 October 2000. By that time, the area served by the station had over 9,000 jobs.
In the early 1990s, an eventually rejected plan proposed that the Valimo and Pitäjänmäki stations should be merged and the platforms moved back to the site of the former Strömberg factories. The plans also included the building of a surrounding shopping mall, akin to the Malmi station.
In 2000, the ABB Group proposed that the Valimo halt be once again renamed Strömberg (Swedish: ); the proposal was also backed by the city council of Helsinki. The plan was not accepted by the Railway Administration, however.
Architecture
The Valimo station was designed by architectural firm Arkkitehtitoimisto CJN Oy, and was constructed by Tekra Oy. The underpass is entirely constructed of concrete, with ceramic tiles decorating its walls. The open space connecting the tunnel and the stairwell leading to the platforms is equipped with a skylight. The elevator and its shaft also have walls made of glass, supported by steel frames.
Services
Valimo is served by line to Leppävaara on the Helsinki commuter rail network. The line makes stops at all stations on its route. Eastbound trains towards Helsinki use track 3 and westbound trains towards Leppävaara use track 4. The station has a HSL ticket vending machine, as well as elevators and high platforms for accessibility.
The Valimo bus line te |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit%C3%A4j%C3%A4nm%C3%A4ki%20railway%20station | Pitäjänmäki station (, ) is a station on the Helsinki commuter rail network located in western Helsinki, Finland. It is located about to the northwest of the Helsinki Central Station in the district of Pitäjänmäki, and is situated between the stations of Valimo and Mäkkylä.
References
External links
Railway stations in Helsinki
Pitäjänmäki |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20ribbon%20%28disambiguation%29 | The blue ribbon is a symbol of high quality.
Blue ribbon or Blue Ribbon may refer to:
Blue ribbon badge, symbol of the temperance movement
Blue Ribbon (software house) a budget home computer software publisher of the 1980s
Japan's Blue Ribbon Awards
Blue Ribbon Barbecue, a chain of 2 restaurants and a catering service in the Boston suburbs
Blue Ribbon Intermediate Holdings, owner of Pabst Brewing Company
Blue Ribbon fishery, fisheries officially or informally designated as being of extremely high quality
Blue Ribbon Merrie Melodies, a reissue of Warner Bros Merrie Melodies and Looney Tunes series; see List of Warner Bros. cartoons with Blue Ribbon reissues
Blue Ribbon Online Free Speech Campaign
Blue Ribbon Pairs, also known as the Edgar Kaplan Blue Ribbon Pairs, a duplicate bridge event held by the American Contract Bridge League
Blue-ribbon panel, a group of exceptional people appointed to study a given question
Blue Ribbon Schools Program, a US government program to honor schools
Blue Ribbon Sports, the original name of sports-shoe manufacturer, Nike, Inc.
The emblem of the Order of the Garter
Medals of Honor (Japan)
List of awareness ribbons
Blue ribbon, a Crayola crayon color, see List of Crayola crayon colors#The 100,000,000,000th Crayon
See also
Blue Riband (disambiguation)
Blue Ribbon Award (disambiguation)
Cordon Bleu (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S7%20%28Munich%29 | Line S7 is a line on the Munich S-Bahn network. It is operated by DB Regio Bayern. It runs from Wolfratshausen via Höllriegelskreuth, central Munich, Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn and Aying to Kreuzstraße. Trains reverse in Munich East station and, in order for S-Bahn services from St.-Martin-Straße to be inserted into the S-Bahn line while simultaneously reversing to run into the S-Bahn tunnel under central Munich or vice versa, the line between Munich East station and the flying junction between München-Giesing and Fasangarten stations is one of the few in Germany that has traffic running on the left.
The line is operated at 20-minute intervals between Höllriegelskreuth and Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn. Two out of three trains an hour continue from Höllriegelskreuth to Wolfratshausen and from Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn to Aying, so that the gap between trains alternates between 20 and 40 minutes. Only one train an hour continues from Aying to Kreuzstraße. It is operated using class 423 four-car electrical multiple units, usually as two coupled sets. In the evenings and on Sundays they generally run as single sets.
The line runs over lines built at various times:
from Wolfratshausen to a point to the north of Grosshesselohe Isartal station on the Isar Valley Railway, opened by the Lokalbahn AG company (LAG) on 27 July 1891 and electrified from Wolfratshausen to Höllriegelskreuth in May 1960 and from Höllriegelskreuth to Grosshesselohe Isartal at 580 volts DC and converted to 15 kV AC on 27 September 1957
from a point to the north of Grosshesselohe Isartal station to a point southwest of München Donnersbergerbrücke station on the Munich–Holzkirchen railway opened on 24 June 1854 as part of the Bavarian Maximilian's Railway and electrified on 27 September 1957
the Southern lines tunnel (Südstreckentunnel) to Donnersbergerbrücke station, opened on 31 May 1981
from Donnersbergerbrücke to the beginning of the S-Bahn trunk line over tracks running parallel to the Munich–Augsburg railway, opened by the Munich–Augsburg Railway Company on 1 September 1839
the S-Bahn trunk line from the approaches to Munich Central Station (Hauptbahnhof) to Munich East station, opened on 1 May 1971
from Munich East station to München Frankenwaldstr. junction, south of München-Giesing station, on the Munich East–Deisenhofen railway, opened by the Royal Bavarian State Railways on 10 October 1898 and electrified in March 1971.
from München Frankenwaldstr. junction to Kreuzstraße over the Munich-Giesing–Kreuzstraße railway, opened by the Royal Bavarian State Railways on 5 June 1904 and electrified in March 1971.
S-Bahn services commenced on 28 May 1972 as S-Bahn line 10 between Wolfratshausen and service from Wolfratshausen to Holzkirchen wing station (Holzkirchner Flügelbahnhof) of Munich Hauptbahnhof as they could not yet continue through the S-Bahn trunk line tunnel because the so-called southern lines tunnel (Südstreckentunnel), which passes under the long-distance tracks |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4kkyl%C3%A4%20railway%20station | Mäkkylä is a station on the VR commuter rail network, between the cities of Helsinki and Espoo in Finland. It is situated between Pitäjänmäki railway station and Leppävaara railway station and is about nine kilometres northwest of Helsinki Central railway station.
History
The locals of western Leppävaara had made requests regarding the opening of a halt on the rantarata numerous times since 1912; Mäkkylä was opened on 15 June 1940 on this initiative. The name was proposed by the Finnish State Railways in honor of the crown estate of Mäkkylä, from which the land around the railway in the area was gained. Initially, only westbound trains stopped on the halt due to a nearby steep incline causing issues for departing eastbound trains. Another platform for eastbound trains was eventually constructed and opened for traffic on 28 October of the same year.
The Vermo harness racing track was opened close by in 1977; previously, special trains were driven to Mäkkylä on race days. The Mäkkylä–Vermo connection was enhanced in the spring of 1983 with the opening of the pedestrian underpass on the western side of the halt.
The station was entirely rebuilt as part of the Leppävaara City Line project in 1999–2002. The station was designed by architect Kauko Lahti, while Teräsbetoni Oy was chosen as the contractor.
Services
Mäkkylä is served by lines to Leppävaara and to Kirkkonummi on the Helsinki commuter rail network. Both lines make stops at all stations on their routes. The station has a HSL ticket vending machine, as well as elevators and high platforms for accessibility.
Exchanging onto HSL buses is possible on the Mäkkylän asema bus stops on the immediate western side of the station on the Turuntie street. Park and ride services are provided with two parking lots, one on the northeastern side of the station on Fonseenintie and another on the southwestern side on Perkkaantie. The latter is also accompanied by a city bike terminal.
Previously, travellers to Mäkkylä from Espoo could use an Espoo internal ticket, and travellers from Helsinki could use a Helsinki internal ticket. However YTV changed this, and after 28 August 2005 Mäkkylä is considered within Espoo. As a result, travellers from Helsinki require a regional ticket (, ). In the present, Mäkkylä and its surrounding bus stops are part of HSL fare zone .
External links
Train arrivals and departures at Mäkkylä on Finrail
References
Leppävaara
Railway stations in Espoo
Railway stations opened in 1940 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Goodman | Alan Goodman is a media branding executive and one of the founders of health and wellness data management products company TESTD Inc. He was formerly a television writer and producer who has worked in media since 1981.
Early life and education
Goodman began his media career while still in high school as a reporter at The Hunterdon County Democrat in Flemington, New Jersey. When entering Columbia University in 1970, he joined the college radio station, WKCR-FM where he first encountered his future collaborators, Albie Hecht and Fred Seibert.
Cable television
In 1981, Goodman was part of the team that launched MTV alongside his college radio alum Fred Seibert. Goodman supervised hundreds of animations and their accompanying soundtracks depicting the MTV trademark designed by Manhattan Design.
Seibert and Goodman resigned from MTV and started their own company Fred/Alan in New York. Together, they consulted with MTV's sister channel, Nickelodeon, which was having challenges finding audiences for their quality kids programming. They led the efforts to rebrand the network as "The First Kids' Network" and help build its new vocabulary, promotional strategies and execution.
Fred/Alan were MTV Networks' advertising agency, conceiving and creating Nick-at-Nite and launching VH-1. Goodman worked with MTV Networks, the parent company of both MTV and Nickelodeon, for over 30 years.
Writing and production
Goodman co-created the television series Kids' Court, The Movie Masters (both with Albie Hecht) Hey Dude, The Mystery Files of Shelby Woo, among others. He also co-created the Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards. Goodman also wrote scripts for several television shows including Hey Dude, Clarissa Explains It All, Clifford's Puppy Days and JoJo's Circus. He was the co-producer and show runner for two seasons of Clarissa Explains It All.
Since 1984 Goodman has been the primary writer and creative director for the all the brochure and website essays for one of the most respected jazz reissue record labels, Mosaic Records limited edition jazz boxes. This work is in addition to his liner note writing for various independent jazz recording labels.
During his consulting engagement at BBC America, Goodman wrote and produced entertainment news content and specials for the network. He was also one of the developers and first creative director at COZI-TV, a free-to-air television network owned by the NBC Owned Television Stations division of NBCUniversal. At COZI-TV he also wrote, directed, and produced original content, including the first ever fully auto-tuned TV program, Autotune The Munsters.
Goodman has written two books -- A Slash in the Night, the first in a series of novels based on characters in Goodman's Nickelodeon series The Mystery Files of Shelby Woo, and The Big Help Book. He also was a contributor to The Rolling Stone Record Guide. Goodman was a co-creator of the Virgin Comics (now Liquid Comics) title The Econauts.
References
External links
T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SunRiver%20Data%20Systems | SunRiver Data Systems was a division of SunRiver Corporation, a private company founded in 1986 in Jackson, Mississippi by four electrical engineers (Ronnie Hughes, Bill Long, Kester Rice, and Gerald Youngblood), all former employees of Diversified Technology, Inc. Initially funded by a local businessman, the company moved to Austin, Texas in 1989 after acquiring venture capital financing from Sevin Rosen Funds and Austin Ventures.
SunRiver developed the first Fiber Optic Station, a color graphics terminal which relied on a proprietary, patented, "bus extension" technology in which the parallel data bus of the multi-user computer is serialized and then reconstituted in the terminal device. Custom LSI chips handled both ends of the connection, which later was converted from fiber optic cable using ST connectors, to Category 5 cable. The Cygna 386 Fiber Optic Station was supported with native drivers by the early DR-DOS operating system produced by Digital Research, as well as SCO (Santa Cruz Operation) XENIX and AT&T UNIX. The Cygna technology did not enjoy extensive commercial success, however, likely due to inherent speed limitations and the popularity of a competing approach offered by Citrix which was later adopted by Microsoft.
SunRiver Data Systems later became Boundless Technologies after simultaneously becoming a public corporation and acquiring the Applied Digital Data Systems division of AT&T in 1994. By 1997, all of the original founders had left the company. Sometime after departing Boundless, Youngblood founded FlexRadio, and Long founded Viridian Gold; Rice and Hughes have continued to work in the semiconductor industry. In 2003, Boundless Corporation filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, was acquired by the majority public stockholders and moved from Hauppauge, NY to Farmingdale, NY, where it produced terminal emulation software, thin client terminals and replacements for old-style text computer terminals. After a series of 2006 transactions the bankrupt but public Boundless Corporation was merged into the seeking-to-be public Haitian Consulting, a manufacturer of fine chemicals. Ironically, Boundless had become a public company by a similar transaction in 1994 when it used the public company, All Quotes Inc., as a merger vehicle to the public market.
References
External links
History culled from newsgroups
Computer hardware companies |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progol | Progol is an implementation of inductive logic programming that combines inverse entailment with general-to-specific search through a refinement graph. It was developed by Stephen Muggleton.
Inverse entailment is used with mode declarations to derive the most-specific clause within the mode language which entails a given example. This clause is used to guide a refinement-graph search.
Unlike the searches of Ehud Shapiro's model inference system (MIS) and J. Ross Quinlan's FOIL, Progol's search is efficient and has a provable guarantee of returning a solution having the maximum compression in the search-space. To do so it performs an admissible A*-like search, guided by compression, over clauses which subsume the most specific clause.
Progol deals with noisy data by using a compression measure to trade off the description of errors against the hypothesis description length. Progol allows arbitrary Prolog programs as background knowledge and arbitrary definite clauses as examples. Despite this, benchmarking shows that the efficiency of Progol compares favourably with FOIL.
References
Inductive logic programming |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Johnson%20%28Days%20of%20Our%20Lives%29 | Steve "Patch" Johnson is a fictional character on Days of Our Lives, an American soap opera on the NBC network. Created by head writers Sheri Anderson, Thom Racina and Leah Laiman, he has been portrayed by Stephen Nichols since 1985.
Storylines
1985–1990
Steve served in the Merchant Marines with Bo Brady and they were good friends until they both fell for a woman named Britta. They competed for her, sometimes violently, and went along with her when she asked them to get tattoos. They didn't know that the tattoos were a code for secret bonds she was hiding. As the competition accelerated, Bo and Steve got in a knife fight which ended with Steve losing his eye.
They split up and Steve returned to Salem to work for Victor Kiriakis. He was deployed to get a piece of film from Kimberly Brady, but the film found its way to Melissa and Pete Jannings who promptly went on the run when they figured out how dangerous it was. Bo and Hope Brady went off in pursuit, sure that the film would give them the evidence they needed to convict Kiriakis for his crimes. Although Victor and Steve were both arrested, they managed to get free thanks to Victor's blackmailing Larry Welch to taking the blame.
Steve's next project went even worse. He held a mysterious man covered in bandages and planned to sell him to Victor. The plan fell through when the man escaped. Things got even uglier for him when Britta walked back into his life. Although they began seeing each other, she wound up injured after someone tried to shoot him and shot her in the crossfire. Once she recovered, she walked out. This left him with the chance to meet and fall in love with Kayla Brady. After they hooked up, he began having disturbing memories and became increasingly distant from her. He soon found himself enmeshed in a host of problems. After he discovered that his sister — Adrienne — killed their father in self-defense, he decided to shield her and take the blame. All the while she had blocked the incident from her mind, but as the memories returned, she confessed just before he could be sentenced for the crime.
Next, Steve got mixed up with Harper Deveraux, helping him to fake his death so that he could escape while battling with Steve's old boss Victor. Learning of the plot, Victor had the blanks in Steve's gun changed for live ones and Harper ended up in a coma after being shot by Steve. Grabbing Kayla, Steve went on the run only to be cleared of the charges while he was away.
When he returned to Salem with Kayla, things would take an unexpected turn. He and his sister had recently discovered that Jack Deveraux was their long lost brother. Because Jack was dying at the time they didn't bother him with this fact. At the same time, Kayla became Jack's nurse and he fell madly in love with her. Seeing this, Steve started to push her away so that she could spend her time with Jack and make him happy. This proved effective and Jack married Kayla, but the plan quickly collapsed after that. Ste |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cdb%20%28software%29 | cdb, short for "constant database", refers to both a library and data format created by Daniel J. Bernstein. cdb acts as an on-disk associative array, mapping keys to values, and allows multiple values to be stored for a single key. A constant database allows only two operations: creation and reading. Both operations are designed to be very fast and highly reliable. Since the database does not change while it is in use, multiple processes can access a single database without locking. Additionally, since all modifications create a replacement database, it can take advantage of UNIX filesystem semantics to provide a guarantee of reliability.
Record positions, key and value lengths, and hash values are 32-bit quantities and therefore must fit into 4 gigabytes. cdb is used by djbdns, fastforward, mess822, qmail and ucspi-tcp to provide highly efficient, reliable, and simple data access.
Structure
A database contains an entire data set (e.g. a single associative array) in a single computer file. It consists of three parts: a fixed-size header, data, and a set of hash tables. Lookups are designed for exact keys only, though other types of searches could be performed by scanning the entire database. Lookups are performed using the following algorithm:
Hash the key.
Determine at which hash table and slot this record should be located.
Test the indicated slot in the hash table.
If the slot is empty, the record does not exist. Abort the search.
If the slot's hash matches the key's hash, seek to the record. Read and compare the key. If it matches, the data has been found, so end the search.
The record is not in this slot. Proceed to the next slot, wrapping around to the beginning of the hash table if necessary.
For lookups of keys with multiple values, additional values may be found by simply resuming the search at the next slot.
Format
All numbers—offsets, lengths, and hash values—are unsigned 32-bit integers, stored in little endian format. Keys and data are considered to be opaque byte strings, and have no special treatment.
The fixed-size header at the beginning of the database describes 256 hash tables by listing their position within the file and their length in slots. Data is stored as a series of records, each storing key length, data length, key, and data. There are no alignment or sorting rules. The records are followed by a set of 256 hash tables of varying lengths. Since zero is a valid length, there may be fewer than 256 hash tables physically stored in the database, but there are nonetheless considered to be 256 tables. Hash tables contain a series of slots, each of which contains a hash value and a record offset. "Empty slots" have an offset of zero.
Hashes are unsigned 32 bit integers, and start with a value of 5381. For each byte of the key, the current hash is multiplied by 33, then XOR'ed with the current byte of the key. Overflow bits are discarded. Slots and tables are trivially computed from hashes. The target table is sim |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDBM | RDBM may refer to:
Relational database management system (RDBMS)
Reliable database manager, a journaled layer on top of cdb
Reyes del Bajo Mundo, a Salvadoran hip hop group |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20%28TV%20channel%29 | Central was a Singaporean English and Tamil language free-to-air television channel. Its programming schedule was composed of three timeshared channels on its frequency slot: Kids Central, Vasantham Central and Arts Central.
Previously, Indian-related programming was broadcast along with Malay-language programmes on Prime 12, while Premiere 12's schedule consisted of arts, documentaries and kids shows.
Tamil programming was carried from the outset of television in Singapore on Channel 5 from its launch on 15 February 1963, and later that year also on Channel 8. In 1973 the language structure of the two channels was changed, with Channel 5 broadcasting in English and Malay and Channel 8 in Chinese and Tamil.
MediaCorp TV12 Central was closed down on 19 October 2008 when Vasantham Central relaunched as the standalone channel Vasantham. Arts Central and Kids Central were merged into a single channel named okto, with kids and arts programming.
History
Tamil programming was carried from the outset of television in Singapore on Channel 5 from its launch on 15 February 1963, and later that year also on Channel 8. In 1973 the language structure of the two channels was changed, with Channel 5 broadcasting in English and Malay and Channel 8 in Chinese and Tamil.
On 26 August 1994, ahead of the bill that suggested the planned privatisation of the Singapore Broadcasting Corporation, the Minister for Information and the Arts (Brigadier General) George Yeo announced the plan for the creation of a fourth free-to-air television channel in Singapore, offering a predominantly cultural lineup. Under this plan, Channel 8 would switch to an entirely-Chinese format, causing the Tamil shows there to move to Channel 12, using its new format to concentrate primarily on Malay and Indian content, whereas the cultural output that was on the former Channel 12 would move to a new UHF channel, due to the lack of VHF slots available.
Television Twelve (later renamed Singapore Television Twelve), who following the privatisation was the owner of Channel 12, received the greenlight from the Singapore Broadcasting Authority to broadcast a UHF channel on 27 July 1995.
In preparation for the launch of the two channels, it was announced that the logos and identities of services were to be revealed on launch night (1 September), as part of a special programme, 12 by 12, which was to be simulcast over both channels. The former Channel 12 output that had been virtually unchanged since its inception in 1984 (aside the inclusion of Malay content that would later appear on Prime 12) was to be carried over by the frequency 72 hours a week, with 15 1/2 hours devoted to sports, which The New Paper was its "crowd puller", football being its main driving force, emphasizing on Serie A, the S. League and Asian football. Sandra Buenaventura, CEO of Singapore Television Twelve, said that the channels were "like a tin of assorted biscuits", reflecting the individual nature of the specialist pr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karanja%2C%20Wardha | Karanja is a Tehsil town under Subdivision Arvi and is taluka(code 4961) in Wardha district in the Indian state of Maharashtra.
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Karanja is situated at National Highway 53 (India) or Asian Highway (AH46) or National Highway 6 (India, old numbering). It's 76 km away from Nagpur and 75 km away from Amravati and 70 km away from Wardha and is almost at the centre of Metropolis Cities and so tourists, travellers, buses, travels tends to take rest. Near about 60 gram panchayat and 102 villages come under the Tehsil. Most of the Citizens are Hindus. Other than Hindus, Buddhists and Muslims have also organized. In Hinduism , most of the people belong to the caste Pawar/Bhoyar. Some other major Hindu castes include Maratha, Kunbi, teli etc.
Tribals like Gond are also in large numbers. All the festival like Holi, Diwali, Dasara, Pola, Ganesh Utsav, Chhatrapati Shivaji maharaj Jayanti are all celebrated.
In the year 2015, Karanja became a Nagar Panchayat.
The MahaOrange Plant
The MahaOrange Plant situated 2.5 km away from Karanja Ghadge is a facility for exporting Oranges and other fruits like Banana. It was active before 2009-2010 and used to export oranges but due to some unknown circumstances, the plant shut down, and so the plant was non-functional for many years and, hence, yes, it was a challenge. Though it has all major facilities for preparing the fruit for the export, it doesn't have a processing unit attached to it. It has facilities for grading, wax-coating of fruit, pre- cooling and cold storage facilities. But none of these units in the plant were functional. Hence, when Mahaorange took over the plant in January 2015, Shridhar Thakre told MSMAB to first repair the plant as said to TOI.
Golibar Chowk Incident
Golibar Chowk is one of the main square in Karanja Ghadge, situated near Bus Stop. The name of the square is derived due to one of the incidents regarding Gunfire
The गोळीमार or golimar(Gunfire) incident is one of the incident happened in Karanja Ghadge⁽ᴹᵒʳᵉ ᶜᶦᵗᵃᵗᶦᵒⁿ ⁿᵉᵉᵈᵉᵈ⁾.
References
Cities and towns in Wardha district
Wardha district
Talukas in Maharashtra |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortified | Mortified is an Australian children's television series, co-produced by the Australian Children's Television Foundation and Enjoy Entertainment for the Nine Network Australia. The series premiered on 30 June 2006 and ended on 9 May 2007 with two seasons and a total of 26 episodes. Currently, re-runs air on both ABC and the Disney Channel, in the U.S. on Starz Kids and Family.
Premise
Mortified follows the imaginative life of Taylor Fry, an eleven-year-old girl living in a beachside town in Australia called Sunburn Beach, as she struggles to make it through her pre-teen years with her flawed and embarrassing family. She is embarrassed by her parents; jealous of her neighbour Brittany; her best friend, Hector, has a crush on her; and she has a crush on popular Leon. Taylor frequently breaks the fourth wall and speaks directly to the audience. Her imagination causes inanimate objects to seemingly come to life.
Cast
Main
Marny Kennedy as Taylor Fry – Taylor is the main character and protagonist. She is embarrassed by her parents Don and Glenda, is annoyed by her sister Layla, and has a crush on her classmate Leon (while her best friend Hector has a crush on her, but she does not know it). Taylor regularly breaks the fourth wall and talks directly to the audience. Marny Kennedy received an Australian Film Institute Award for her role in Mortified.
Nicolas Dunn as Hector Garcia – Hector is Taylor's best friend. He is a very loyal friend to Taylor, and often gets dragged along on her crusades. However, he falls out with Taylor in the episode "Flag Fall" after Taylor calls him a dork after he volunteers to raise the new school flag, and again in "School Trivia Night" where Taylor accidentally gets teamed up with Leon, but he reconciles with her twice. Hector secretly has a crush on Taylor, even going so far as to send her a Valentine's Day card in the episode "DJ Taylor" (though Taylor mistakenly assumes the card was from Leon, though even after Taylor finds out that this was not the case, Hector does not tell her the card was from him). He is allergic to cats (as revealed in the episode "Taylor Gets a Job").
Maia Mitchell as Brittany Flune – Brittany is Taylor's next door neighbour, who sometimes has an on/off friendship with Taylor. She is beautiful and is best known for being perfect. Like Taylor with her parents Don and Glenda, Brittany is shown to sometimes feel embarrassed by her parents. She talks in flowery language and appears to be the leader of a clique in the episode "Bigger Than Vegas".
Dajana Cahill as Layla Fry – Layla is Taylor's older sister. She is nasty and annoying, and is always getting on Taylor's nerves. She is obsessed with fashion (in the episode "Mother in the Nude", she gets a job of presenting Hipp's Apricot Hand Cream on a TV commercial and in the episode "The Chosen One", she steals Taylor's hairbrush) and is always finding and dumping boyfriends. Despite the feud between them, Layla does show some positive actions to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Match%20rating%20approach | The match rating approach (MRA) is a phonetic algorithm for indexing of words by their pronunciation developed by Western Airlines in 1977 for the indexation and comparison of homophonous names.
The algorithm itself has a simple set of encoding rules but a more lengthy set of comparison rules.
The main mechanism is the similarity comparison, which calculates the number of unmatched characters by comparing the strings from left to right and then from right to left, and removing identical characters. This value is subtracted from 6 and then compared to a minimum threshold. The minimum threshold is defined in table A and is dependent upon the length of the strings.
The encoded name is known (perhaps incorrectly) as a personal numeric identifier (PNI). The encoded name can never contain more than 6 alpha only characters.
The match rating approach performs well with names containing the letter "y", unlike the original flavor of the NYSIIS algorithm; for example, the surnames "Smith" and "Smyth" are successfully matched. However, MRA does not perform well with encoded names that differ in length by more than 2.
Encoding rules
Delete all vowels unless the vowel begins the word
Remove the second consonant of any double consonants present
Reduce codex to 6 letters by joining the first 3 and last 3 letters only
Comparison rules
In this section, the words "string(s)" and "name(s)" mean "encoded string(s)" and "encoded name(s)".
If the length difference between the encoded strings is 3 or greater, then no similarity comparison is done.
Obtain the minimum rating value by calculating the length sum of the encoded strings and using table A
Process the encoded strings from left to right and remove any identical characters found from both strings respectively.
Process the unmatched characters from right to left and remove any identical characters found from both names respectively.
Subtract the number of unmatched characters from 6 in the longer string. This is the similarity rating.
If the similarity rating equal to or greater than the minimum rating then the match is considered good.
Minimum threshold
The following table shows the mapping between the minimum rating and the string lengths.
Match rating approach examples
The table below displays the output of the match rating approach algorithm for some common homophonous names.
See also
Soundex
References
External links
An Overview of The Issues Related to the use of Personal Identifiers, HSMD, Statistics Canada
C# Implementation: http://sounditout.codeplex.com/
Phonetic algorithms |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenric | Kenric was established in 1965 and is made up of a network of social groups for lesbians throughout the United Kingdom. Members are of all ages, although mainly due to the long-running nature of the network it is most popular with women over 30 years old. It is often the only lesbian social outlet in areas where there is not much visible gay and lesbian presence.
Members
Throughout the country the local groups are managed by a network volunteers, who organise discos, club nights, walks, reading groups, golf tournaments, discussion groups and other such events to suit the locality. These women are from all walks of life, professions, ages and social backgrounds.
Members of the network keep in touch via a national monthly magazine, as well as regional newsletters. The basic philosophy is that no lesbian should feel isolated or alone, no matter where they are. The group now has over 1200 subscribers, located all over the country and overseas.
Major events
Each year the organisation hosts major event that include a Christmas ball in London and an event in Eastbourne to mark the end of the International Women's Open tennis tournament. These events are open to women who are both members and non-members.
History
The name "Kenric" was formed from joining the regional names of Kensington and Richmond, which is where the group was originally formed in 1965, by Cynthia Reid and Julie Switsur. It sprung from the nucleus of the old Surrey and south-west London section of the Minorities Research Group. A former member believes that a group calling themselves The Sisters of Kranzchen may have been forerunners of Kenric.
Many of the early members of Kenric were members of the Gateways club in Chelsea. Some of the early members were also members of the Minorities Research Group (which published the magazine Arena Three), but were keen to move away from research into lesbianism and develop the more social aspects. Kenric aimed to alleviate isolation and forge a material community through the organisation of social meetings and parties. It was established as a purely social group with no campaigning remit or political affiliations though charitable work for other gay organisations was to be occasionally undertaken.
In November 1965 a management committee was formed by the first five memberswhich set about drafting the application form, establishing the British Monomark address for receipt of correspondence and drawing up the Kenric constitution. Sheila Kent typed the first newsletter, Doreen Holley was put forward as “Chair”, followed by Hilary Nathan in 1966, and Vivienne Gillings in 1967.
Newsletter
Kenric soon started to connect members via a newsletter.
See also
List of LGBT organizations
References
External links
The Kenric Website
Kenric (lesbian group) Archive Collection
LGBT history in the United Kingdom
1965 establishments in the United Kingdom
Lesbian organisations based in the United Kingdom
Lesbian history
History of women in the U |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann%20Moriaen | Johann Moriaen (born Nuremberg c.1591-1668) was a German alchemist and early chemist, known as an associate of Samuel Hartlib. He was active in recruiting for Hartlib's network of intellectuals, the Hartlib Circle, and communicating with them. He was a convinced pansophist.
With no published works, his activities have been uncovered by recent scholarship. He operated from Amsterdam.
He matriculated at Heidelberg University in 1611, where he knew Georg Vechner, later an associate of Johann Amos Comenius. He then became a Calvinist minister. He moved to Cologne, where he perhaps met Theodore Haak who was there in 1626. He gave up the ministry and returned to his native Nuremberg in 1627, then full of refugees from the Thirty Years War.
He met Isaac Beeckman in Dordrecht in 1633. He at this time was involved in practical aspects of optics and Paracelsian chemistry and medicine. He moved permanently to the Netherlands five years later.
In 1657 he is recorded as the owner of a scarlet dye works in Hulkestein near Arnhem.
His Dutch connections included the Hebraist Adam Boreel, and businessman Louis de Geer, a supporter of Comenius. His correspondents included George Starkey.
Notes
References
John T. Young (1998), Faith, Alchemy and Natural Philosophy: Johann Moriaen, Reformed Intelligencer, and the Hartlib Circle. Aldershot: Ashgate.
1668 deaths
German alchemists
17th-century German chemists
Paracelsians
Year of birth uncertain
17th-century alchemists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Kent%20%28computer%20specialist%29 | Michael Kent was one of two founders of the Computer Group which used a statistics based sports betting to predict the outcome of college football. The group reportedly made millions each season. According to figures compiled at the time by Michael Kent, the Computer Group in 1983-84 earned almost $5 million from wagers on college and, occasionally, NFL games. Yet Michael Kent suspects that his records are incomplete. They do not account for personal bets made by Dr. Mindlin, or Billy Walters and Glen Walker or by the dozens of other associates who had access to the Computer Group's information. By the time everyone had exhausted Kent's forecasts in the 1983-84 sports year, the group was estimated to have earned $10 to $15 million.
Kent invented the statistical models. He was 34 when he had created the first successful program for handicapping basketball and football games: together with his brother, Michael collected statistical data about every team to put all that info to his computer and update the program.
The story was first reported by a national publication in the March 1986 Sports Illustrated.
References
External links
Keyboard Cappers: A sports-betting history lesson, with a nod to the computer and the trailblazers who saw the future
Gambling � The Story of the Computer Group
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESDS%20International | ESDS International was a Jisc/ESRC funded service which provided the UK academic community with free online access to the major databanks produced by international governmental organisations such as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and the United Nations. The service also supported the use of these databanks in teaching and research through the provision of a helpdesk for user queries, comprehensive documentation and training.
ESDS International also provided access to a range of international survey datasets including the European Social Survey and Eurobarometer.
The service aimed to promote and facilitate increased and more effective use of international datasets in research, learning and teaching across a range of disciplines.
Databases hosted by ESDS International included the major statistical publications of:
International Monetary Fund
World Bank
International Energy Agency
OECD
United Nations
Eurostat
International Labour Organization
UK Office for National Statistics
In July 2012, the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) announced that all of ESDS would become part of the UK Data Service, which was established as of October 1, 2012 - see http://www.esrc.ac.uk/research/our-research/uk-data-service/.
References
External links
UK Data Service
UKDS.Stat - access international data at the UK Data Service
UK Data Service - international data on Twitter
ESDS
MIMAS website - In July 2014, Mimas became a part of Jisc and specifically, part of the digital resources division.
Jisc
Online databases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingress | Ingress may refer to:
Science and technology
Ingress (signal leakage), the passage of an outside signal into a coaxial cable
Ingress filtering, a computer network packet filtering technique
Ingress protection rating, a protection level that electrical appliances provide against intrusion of physical objects
Ingress router, a source label switch router
Ingress cancellation, a technology to digitally remove in-channel ingress
Legal
Ingress, egress, and regress, property law terms
Ingress into India Ordinance, 1914
Others
Ingress (video game), a geolocation-based video game
Ingress (TV series), a Japanese anime series based on the video game of the same name
Ingress, Kent, England
Ingress Bell (1837–1914), English architect
See also
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (1780–1867), French Neoclassical painter
Ingression (disambiguation)
Egress (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hana%20no%20Ran | was the 33rd Taiga drama to be broadcast on the NHK network in Japan. It premiered on 3 April 1994 and its finale aired on 25 December of the same year.
Plot
The story takes place during the Muromachi period of Japan, in the midst of the Ōnin War. The main character in the series is Hino Tomiko, a historical figure with a bad reputation because of her actions to rebuild Kyoto after the Ōnin War.
Cast
Hino and Ashikaga
Hino Tomiko: Yoshiko Mita
Young Tomiko: Takako Matsu
Ashikaga Yoshimasa: Ichikawa Danjūrō XII
Young Yoshimasa: Ichikawa Shinnosuke VII
Hino Shigeko: Machiko Kyō
Hino Katsumitsu: Masao Kusakari
Hino Mitsuko: Yoshie Taira
Ashikaga Yoshimi: Shirō Sano
Takao Osawa: Ashikaga Yoshiki
Hosokawa
Hosokawa Katsumoto: Nomura Mansai
Yamana
Yamana Sōzen: Yorozuya Kinnosuke
Imperial Court
Emperor Go-Hanazono: Shun Ōide
Ichijō Kaneyoshi: Taketoshi Naito
Nijō Mochimichi: Yū Fujiki
Others
Junkichi Orimoto: Zenami
Ōuchi Masahiro: Hiroshi Fujioka
Ikkyū: Eiji Okuda
Ibuki Saburō Nobutsuna: Kōji Yakusho
Shuten-dōji: Matsumoto Kōshirō IX
Kenke Uehara: Kotaro Tanaka
Aka Oni: Strong Kongo
Ratings
The series, which only managed a 14.1% audience share during its run, had the notorious reputation of being the lowest-rated Taiga drama series in the franchise's history until it was surpassed by Taira no Kiyomori in 2012. Many blame the dark premises, the mysteries surrounding Hino Tomiko's family history, confusing disputes between her and Ashikaga Yoshimasa, and befuddling love scenes as the reasons why the drama failed.
References
Taiga drama
1994 Japanese television series debuts
1994 Japanese television series endings
Television series set in the 15th century |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harcourt%20Assessment | Harcourt Assessment was a company that published and distributed educational and psychological assessment tools and therapy resources and provided educational assessment and data management services for national, state, district and local assessments. On January 30, 2008, Harcourt Assessment was merged into Pearson's Assessment & Information group after being acquired from Reed Elsevier for $950 million.
History
Harcourt Assessment's history dates to the early part of the 20th century. Although the company name derives from Harcourt Brace & Company, which was established in 1919, the corporate heritage goes back to 1905 and the founding of World Book Company. Many of the educational products produced by Harcourt Assessment originated at World Book. The psychological assessments originated at The Psychological Corporation, which was founded in 1921.
Harcourt Brace & Company (1919)
Alfred Harcourt and Donald Brace were friends at Columbia University in New York, and both worked for Henry Holt & Company before founding their own publishing company in 1919. Harcourt Brace & Company published the works of a number of world-renowned writers, including Sinclair Lewis, Virginia Woolf, T. S. Eliot, James Thurber, George Orwell and Robert Penn Warren.
By 1960, Harcourt Brace led the market in high school textbook publishing, but had little presence in the elementary school market. That year, William Jovanovich, who had become president of the company in 1954, took the company public and merged Harcourt Brace & Company with World Book Company to create Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc. This was a strategic move that had a long-term impact on the company because World Book was an established elementary textbook publisher and a test publisher.
In 1970, the company became known as Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (HBJ), with William Jovanovich as chairman. That same year, the company acquired The Psychological Corporation. Under Jovanovich's leadership, the company diversified into non-publishing businesses such as insurance and business consulting. It also bought several theme parks—including SeaWorld, which it acquired in 1976 for $46 million. The company divested its theme park division in 1989 for $1.1 billion.
World Book Company (1905)
World Book Company opened its first office in Manila in 1905 and published English-language educational materials for schools in the Philippines. The company later moved to New York City, where it became a test publisher. Much of the company's success was based on the work of Arthur S. Otis, who was best known for the intelligence tests he developed for the U.S. Army. Millions of World War I draftees took Otis’ tests.
World Book Company became the first publisher of group-administered tests measuring mental ability when it published Otis’ Group Intelligence Scale in 1918. Otis joined World Book in 1921. By the time World Book merged with Harcourt Brace in 1960, it had a portfolio of educational tests, including the Stanford Ach |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slot%20%28computer%20architecture%29 | A slot comprises the operation issue and data path machinery surrounding a set of one or more execution unit (also called a functional unit (FU)) which share these resources. The term slot is common for this purpose in very long instruction word (VLIW) computers, where the relationship between operation in an instruction and pipeline to execute it is explicit. In dynamically scheduled machines, the concept is more commonly called an execute pipeline.
Modern conventional central processing units (CPU) have several compute pipelines, for example: two arithmetic logic units (ALU), one floating point unit (FPU), one Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE) (such as MMX), one branch. Each of them can issue one instruction per basic instruction cycle, but can have several instructions in process. These are what correspond to slots. The pipelines may have several FUs, such as an adder and a multiplier, but only one FU in a pipeline can be issued to in a given cycle. The FU population of a pipeline (slot) is a design option in a CPU.
References
Computer architecture |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20economy | The digital economy is a portmanteau of digital computing and economy, and is an umbrella term that describes how traditional brick-and-mortar economic activities (production, distribution, trade) are being transformed by Internet, World Wide Web, and blockchain technologies.
The digital economy is backed by the spread of information and communication technologies (ICT) across all business sectors to enhance its productivity. A phenomenon referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly prevalent, as consumer products are embedded with digital services and devices.
According to the WEF, 70% of the global economy will be made up of digital technology over the next 10 years (from 2020 onwards). This is a trend accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the tendency to go online. The future of work, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, is also contributing to the digital economy. More people are now working online, and with the increase of online activity that contributes to the global economy, companies that support the systems of the Internet are more profitable.
Digital transformation of the economy is altering conventional notions about how businesses are structured, how consumers obtain goods and services, and how states need to adapt to new regulatory challenges. The digital economy has the potential to profoundly shape economic interactions between states, businesses and individuals. The emergence of the digital economy has prompted new debates over privacy rights, competition, and taxation, with calls for national and transnational regulations of the digital economy.
Definition
The Digital Economy also referred to as the New Economy, refers to an Economy in which digital computing technologies are used in Economic Activities.
The term Digital Economy came into use during the early 1990s. For example, many academic papers were published by New York University’s Center for Digital Economy Research. The term was the title of Don Tapscott's 1995 book, The Digital Economy: Promise and Peril in the Age of Networked Intelligence.
According to Thomas Mesenbourg (2001), three main components of the digital economy concept can be identified:
E-business infrastructure (hardware, software, telecom, networks, human capital, etc.),
E-business (how business is conducted, any process that an organization conducts over computer-mediated networks),
E-commerce (transfer of goods, for example when a book is sold online).
Bill Imlah states that new applications are blurring these boundaries and adding complexity, for example, social media and Internet search.
In the last decade of the 20th century, Nicholas Negroponte (1995) used a metaphor of shifting from processing atoms to processing bits: "The problem is simple. When information is embodied in atoms, there is a need for all sorts of industrial-age means and huge corporations for delivery. But suddenly, when the focus shifts to bits, the traditional big guys are no longer needed. Do-it |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber%20Spin | Cyber Spin is a futuristic racing video game that was released in 1992 to Japan and North America for the Super NES. It is known in Japan as which is based on the anime Future GPX Cyber Formula, and because of that, it has the proper license to use the characters from the anime.
Gameplay
The game uses a top-down perspective and was designed in the same technique as classic arcade racing games. The vehicles of the two versions are completely different from each other. There are tracks all around the world. Players of the game become a part of a science-fiction version of the 2015 Formula One season. All of the automobiles are turbocharged with advanced futuristic technology that allows for extra speed every time a "Power Boost" is used (at the cost of the vehicle's energy reserves). In the Japanese version, the fastest car (Super Asurada 01) can travel up to .
The player does not automatically qualify for a race and must beat a certain time limit to advance the storyline. There are a free mode and a GPX mode (Japanese release only), password mode, and scenario mode (with Japanese anime-like cut scenes in the Japanese version). Passwords consisting of letters and numbers help the player keep their progress in the game. In the scenario mode, the object is to guide an up-and-coming driver to the ultimate victory. Quitting once means game over. There is a different order of race tracks that the player confronts when comparing the Japanese version to the North American version. For example, the tracks in the earlier stages of the North American version are quite simple, while the Japanese version forces the player to compete against more "complex" race layouts starting from the second level.
Reception
Allgame gave this video game a score of 3 stars out of a possible 5.
See also
Battle Grand Prix
References
External links
Japanese title at super-famicom.jp
1992 video games
Arc System Works games
Future GPX Cyber Formula
Science fiction racing games
Racing video games set in the United States
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System-only games
Takara video games
Video games based on anime and manga
Video games developed in Japan
Video games set in the 2010s
Video games set in Africa
Video games set in Europe
Video games set in Japan
Video games set in South America
Single-player video games |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-58 | E-58 is an advanced network infrastructure development effort encompassing communities throughout the Tobacco Region of Virginia, United States, along the line of U.S. Route 58. The Virginia Tobacco Indemnification and Community Revitalization Commission is managing e-58 for the economic development interest of the tobacco regions.
References
External links
eCorridors - Enhancing communities with the speed of light
eCorridors Community Broadband Access Map
Virginia Tech | Invent the Future
eCorridors.info
Virginia Tech
Blacksburg, Virginia
Danville, Virginia
Broadband |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%20to%20HDL | C to HDL tools convert C language or C-like computer code into a hardware description language (HDL) such as VHDL or Verilog. The converted code can then be synthesized and translated into a hardware device such as a field-programmable gate array. Compared to software, equivalent designs in hardware consume less power (yielding higher performance per watt) and execute faster with lower latency, more parallelism and higher throughput. However, system design and functional verification in a hardware description language can be tedious and time-consuming, so systems engineers often write critical modules in HDL and other modules in a high-level language and synthesize these into HDL through C to HDL or high-level synthesis tools.
C to is another name for this methodology. RTL refers to the register transfer level representation of a program necessary to implement it in logic.
History
Early development on C to HDL was done by Ian Page, Charles Sweeney and colleagues at Oxford University in the 1990s who developed the Handel-C language. They commercialized their research by forming Embedded Solutions Limited (ESL) in 1999 which was renamed Celoxica in September 2000. In 2008, the embedded systems departments of Celoxica was sold to Catalytic for $3 million and which later merged to become Agility Computing. In January 2009, Mentor Graphics acquired Agility's C synthesis assets. Celoxica continues to trade concentrating on hardware acceleration in the financial and other industries.
Applications
C to HDL techniques are most commonly applied to applications that have unacceptably high execution times on existing general-purpose supercomputer architectures. Examples include bioinformatics, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), financial processing, and oil and gas survey data analysis. Embedded applications requiring high performance or real-time data processing are also an area of use. System-on-chip (SoC) design may also take advantage of C to HDL techniques.
C-to-VHDL compilers are very useful for large designs or for implementing code that might change in the future. Designing a large application entirely in HDL may be very difficult and time-consuming; the abstraction of a high level language for such a large application will often reduce total development time. Furthermore, an application coded in HDL will almost certainly be more difficult to modify than one coded in a higher level language. If the designer needs to add new functionality to the application, adding a few lines of C code will almost always be easier than remodeling the equivalent HDL code.
Flow to HDL tools have a similar aim, but with flow rather than C-based design.
Example tools
LegUp Open Source ANSI C to Verilog tool, based on LLVM compiler.
LegUp Commercial variant of LegUp.
VHDP Simplified VHDL with support of procedural programming.
bambu (free and open source ANSI C to Verilog tool based on GCC compiler) from PandA website
CBG CtoV A tool developed 199 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LPBoost | Linear Programming Boosting (LPBoost) is a supervised classifier from the boosting family of classifiers. LPBoost maximizes a margin between training samples of different classes and hence also belongs to the class of margin-maximizing supervised classification algorithms. Consider a classification function
which classifies samples from a space into one of two classes, labelled 1 and -1, respectively. LPBoost is an algorithm to learn such a classification function given a set of training examples with known class labels. LPBoost is a machine learning technique and especially suited for applications of joint classification and feature selection in structured domains.
LPBoost overview
As in all boosting classifiers, the final classification function is of the form
where are non-negative weightings for weak classifiers . Each individual weak classifier may be just a little bit better than random, but the resulting linear combination of many weak classifiers can perform very well.
LPBoost constructs by starting with an empty set of weak classifiers. Iteratively, a single weak classifier to add to the set of considered weak classifiers is selected, added and all the weights for the current set of weak classifiers are adjusted. This is repeated until no weak classifiers to add remain.
The property that all classifier weights are adjusted in each iteration is known as totally-corrective property. Early boosting methods, such as AdaBoost do not have this property and converge slower.
Linear program
More generally, let be the possibly infinite set of weak classifiers, also termed hypotheses. One way to write down the problem LPBoost solves is as a linear program with infinitely many variables.
The primal linear program of LPBoost, optimizing over the non-negative weight vector , the non-negative vector of slack variables and the margin is the following.
Note the effects of slack variables : their one-norm is penalized in the objective function by a constant factor , which—if small enough—always leads to a primal feasible linear program.
Here we adopted the notation of a parameter space , such that for a choice the weak classifier is uniquely defined.
When the above linear program was first written down in early publications about boosting methods it was disregarded as intractable due to the large number of variables . Only later it was discovered that such linear programs can indeed be solved efficiently using the classic technique of column generation.
Column generation for LPBoost
In a linear program a column corresponds to a primal variable. Column generation is a technique to solve large linear programs. It typically works in a restricted problem, dealing only with a subset of variables. By generating primal variables iteratively and on-demand, eventually the original unrestricted problem with all variables is recovered. By cleverly choosing the columns to generate the problem can be solved such that while sti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oja%27s%20rule | Oja's learning rule, or simply Oja's rule, named after Finnish computer scientist Erkki Oja, is a model of how neurons in the brain or in artificial neural networks change connection strength, or learn, over time. It is a modification of the standard Hebb's Rule (see Hebbian learning) that, through multiplicative normalization, solves all stability problems and generates an algorithm for principal components analysis. This is a computational form of an effect which is believed to happen in biological neurons.
Theory
Oja's rule requires a number of simplifications to derive, but in its final form it is demonstrably stable, unlike Hebb's rule. It is a single-neuron special case of the Generalized Hebbian Algorithm. However, Oja's rule can also be generalized in other ways to varying degrees of stability and success.
Formula
Consider a simplified model of a neuron that returns a linear combination of its inputs using presynaptic weights :
Oja's rule defines the change in presynaptic weights given the output response of a neuron to its inputs to be
where is the learning rate which can also change with time. Note that the bold symbols are vectors and defines a discrete time iteration. The rule can also be made for continuous iterations as
Derivation
The simplest learning rule known is Hebb's rule, which states in conceptual terms that neurons that fire together, wire together. In component form as a difference equation, it is written
,
or in scalar form with implicit -dependence,
,
where is again the output, this time explicitly dependent on its input vector .
Hebb's rule has synaptic weights approaching infinity with a positive learning rate. We can stop this by normalizing the weights so that each weight's magnitude is restricted between 0, corresponding to no weight, and 1, corresponding to being the only input neuron with any weight. We do this by normalizing the weight vector to be of length one:
.
Note that in Oja's original paper, , corresponding to quadrature (root sum of squares), which is the familiar Cartesian normalization rule. However, any type of normalization, even linear, will give the same result without loss of generality.
For a small learning rate the equation can be expanded as a Power series in .
.
For small , our higher-order terms go to zero. We again make the specification of a linear neuron, that is, the output of the neuron is equal to the sum of the product of each input and its synaptic weight to the power of , which in the case of is synaptic weight itself, or
.
We also specify that our weights normalize to , which will be a necessary condition for stability, so
,
which, when substituted into our expansion, gives Oja's rule, or
.
Stability and PCA
In analyzing the convergence of a single neuron evolving by Oja's rule, one extracts the first principal component, or feature, of a data set. Furthermore, with extensions using the Generalized Hebbian Algorithm, one can create a multi-Oja neural |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtel%20%28disambiguation%29 | Airtel may refer to:
Airtel (FBI), an outmoded FBI communication system
Airtel Super Singer, an Indian television series.
Airtel ATN, the data link company for aviation.
Bharti Airtel, an Indian multinational telecommunications company that operates in total 19 countries across South Asia, Africa and the Channel Islands, with related pages:
Airtel India, The second largest telecommunications network in India.
Airtel digital TV, The digital television services offered by airtel.
Airtel Payments Bank, a Payments bank exclusively for airtel users.
Airtel Africa, an Indian mobile network operator that operates in 16 African countries.
Airtel Bangladesh, an Indian mobile network operator in Bangladesh.
Airtel Sri Lanka, an Indian mobile network operator in Sri Lanka.
Airtel-Vodafone, an Indian mobile network operator in Channel Islands, UK.
See also
Aertel, a teletext service on Irish television |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political%20repression%20of%20cyber-dissidents | Political repression of cyber-dissidents is the oppression or persecution of people for expressing their political views on the Internet.
Along with development of the Internet, state authorities in many parts of the world carry out mass surveillance through electronic communications, establish Internet censorship to limit the flow of information, and persecute individuals and groups who express "inconvenient" political views in the Internet. Many cyber-dissidents have found themselves persecuted for attempts to bypass state controlled news media. Reporters Without Borders has released a Handbook For Bloggers and Cyber-Dissidents and maintains a roster of currently imprisoned cyber-dissidents.
Iran
Mohamad Reza Nasab Abdolahi was imprisoned for publishing an open letter to Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. His pregnant wife and other bloggers who commented on the arrest were also imprisoned.
Saudi Arabia
Raif Badawi, Saudi Arabian writer and activist and the creator of the website Free Saudi Liberals, has been convicted of crimes including "setting up a website that undermines general security" and "ridiculing Islamic religious figures." He was sentenced to seven years in prison and 600 lashes in 2013, then resentenced to 1000 lashes and ten years in prison plus a fine of 1 million riyal (equal to about $267,000). His wife, Ensaf Haidar, asserted that Raif will not be able to survive the flogging.
Egypt
Several bloggers in Egypt have been arrested for allegedly defaming the president Hosni Mubarak or expressing critical views about Islam. Blogger Kareem Amer has been convicted to four years of prison.
China
Chinese Communist Party general secretary Hu Jintao ordered to "maintain the initiative in opinion on the Internet and raise the level of guidance online," referring to censorship and ensuring online messages in China toe the party line. China is reported to have "an internet police force – reportedly numbering 30,000 – trawl[ing] websites and chat rooms, erasing anti-Communist comments and posting pro-government messages." However, the number of Internet police personnel was challenged by Chinese authorities. Amnesty International blamed several companies, including Google, Microsoft and Yahoo!, of collusion with the Chinese authorities to restrict access to information over the Internet and identify cyber-dissidents by hiring "big mamas".
It was reported that departments of provincial and municipal governments in mainland China began creating "teams of internet commentators, whose job is to guide discussion on public bulletin boards away from politically sensitive topics by posting opinions anonymously or under false names" in 2005. Applicants for the job were drawn mostly from the propaganda and police departments. Successful candidates have been offered classes in Marxism, propaganda techniques, and the Internet. "They are actually hiring staff to curse online," said Liu Di, a Chinese student who was arrested for posting her comments in blogs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20Love%20%28Kraftwerk%20song%29 | "Computer Love" (German version: "Computerliebe") is a song by the German electronic band Kraftwerk. It was released in 1981 on the studio album Computer World and as a single in the same year. In the UK, the song originally peaked at number 36 before it was released on 7 November 1981 as a double A-side single with "The Model", after which it went on to reach number one on the UK Singles Chart. The song was re-arranged and re-recorded for the band's 1991 studio album The Mix.
The melody of "Computer Love" was later used in Coldplay's song "Talk" on the album X&Y. Prior to release, Coldplay singer Chris Martin asked Kraftwerk for approval.
Charts
References
1981 songs
1981 singles
Kraftwerk songs
Songs written by Karl Bartos
Songs written by Ralf Hütter
Songs written by Emil Schult
EMI Records singles
UK Singles Chart number-one singles |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edson%20Leader | The Edson Leader was a weekly newspaper serving the Edson, Alberta area. The Leader was owned by Postmedia Network and ceased publication on January 13, 2020. The Edson and area are still served by The Weekly Anchor Newspaper, which has been publishing for over 30 years.
See also
List of newspapers in Canada
References
External links
Edson Leader
Defunct newspapers published in Alberta
Edson, Alberta
Weekly newspapers published in Alberta
Newspapers established in 1911
Publications disestablished in 2020 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroes%20%28Icehouse%20album%29 | Heroes is a compilation album by Australian group, Icehouse released in 2004 to coincide with Seven Network's TV broadcast of the Athens Olympic Games. The album is a re-release of the 1995 soundtrack album The Berlin Tapes with two tracks removed and a second mix of "Heroes" added.
Track listing
"Heroes" (David Bowie) – 4:29
"Loving the Alien" (David Bowie) – 5:34
"Sister Europe" (The Psychedelic Furs) – 3:59
"Heaven" (Talking Heads) – 4:27
"Complicated Game" (XTC) – 5:27
"Berlin" (Lou Reed) – 0:49
"All the Way" (Frank Sinatra) – 3:16
"All Tomorrow's Parties" (The Velvet Underground) – 4:35
"Let There Be Love" (Simple Minds) – 4:33
"A Really Good Time" (Roxy Music) – 3:23
"Love Like Blood" (Killing Joke) – 5:47
"Heroes" (The Athens Mix) (David Bowie)
Charts
References
Icehouse (band) albums
Compilation albums by Australian artists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily%20Stewart | Emily Stewart is a fictional character from As the World Turns, an American soap opera on the CBS network. She has been portrayed by Kelley Menighan Hensley since July 1992. Ten years later, the actress received her first Daytime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress. The character briefly appeared on the CBS soap, The Young and the Restless in March 2007, asking Amber Moore about information on her sister and biological daughter, Alison Stewart.
Storylines
Emily Stewart is the daughter of Dan and Susan Stewart. They divorced soon after she was born. She goes to live with her father, but after a custody battle between Dan and Susan in which Dan won, she goes back and forth between them. Emily's life wasn't very stable; her mother was an alcoholic, and when she was eight years old, her father died. Susan and Emily later left town, but Emily came back to Oakdale when she was 17. A very young Emily found herself falling in love with James Stenbeck and she became pregnant. She had already decided she wanted nothing more to do with James. Therefore, she had a brief relationship with Holden Snyder and she led him to believe that the baby was his, leading to him marrying her. They divorced soon after she miscarried her baby and Holden learned the truth.
Later, Emily met Brock Lombard, who was a mobster. At this time, Emily offered a summer job to a young Paul Stenbeck, who was the son of Barbara Ryan. One night, after she and Brock had a big argument, Paul stopped by her house. She was upset about the argument, and without thinking, she and Paul made love. Paul was a virgin. He developed deep feelings for Emily, and when his father, James Stenbeck, found out about the situation, he was furious with Emily. Paul came by and heard the argument between his father and Emily. Trying to protect Emily, he grabbed a gun and shot his father. Soon after, Brock reformed from being a mobster. Emily told Brock about the incident with Paul and his father. Brock forgave Emily and planned to be with her forever when someone from the mob shot him. Brock was found dead.
Emily's mother, Susan, wanted to have a baby but was unable to conceive. Emily offered to donate her eggs so Susan could undergo artificial insemination. The procedure was successful and Susan gave birth to a daughter, Alison, but it took a while for Emily to be comfortable with the idea that Alison was her sister, not her daughter.
Emily met Diego Santana, but the affair was disastrous. She stumbled upon some information that led her to believe that he was a mobster making some bad deals. When Diego found out that she knew, he raped her. Devastated, Emily learned to move on. Sometime later, Diego was shot by Kirk Anderson on the day Diego was to marry Lily. Emily had several relationships that just didn't work out. She tried too hard to make it work, but in the end, she was left behind.
Emily fell in love with Tom Hughes, who was married to Margo. Emily felt she could be a better w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suria%20%28TV%20channel%29 | Suria () is a Malay-language free-to-air terrestrial television channel in Singapore, owned by state media conglomerate Mediacorp. The channel primarily airs general entertainment and news programming in the Malay language, including original programming, and imported programmes from Malaysia and Indonesia.
The channel first signed on 15 February 1963 and 31 January 1984 as Channel 5, the country's very first television channel and Channel 12, the country's third television channel. It initially carried a focus on cultural programming; in 1994, Malay programming moved to 12 following Channel 5's switch to an entirely English-language schedule. In 1995, the channel was renamed Prime 12 and switched to primarily carrying Malay and Tamil-language programming (the former moving from Channel 8 after moving exclusively to Chinese programming), with cultural programmes moved to the new channel Premiere 12. With Tamil programming moving to Premiere 12 upon its relaunch as Central, Prime 12 relaunched as the Malay-specific Suria in 2000.
The channel currently broadcasts from 9:00 to 00:00 daily; a simulcast of Mediacorp's Malay radio station Ria 897 is carried after sign-off.
History
Before Channel 12
Plans for a third television channel in Singapore were mooted as far back as January 13, 1972 when the Centre for Production and Training of Adult Education Television (CEPTA TV) suggested that the new channel was to be used to boost adult education. The government said the following day that it had no plans to start the channel.
In August 1983, the SBC set that Channel 12 would broadcast for a period of two to three hours a day, opening at 7pm nightly. Such an arrangement would cause greater flexibility for the SBC to carry live Singapore Symphony Orchestra performances or other features making more use of the evening airtime. The plans were set amidst threats of the launch of a third channel in Malaysia in the middle of 1984. Furthermore, the existing SBC channels would have to move the slots of their newscasts while current affairs programming like Feedback, Friday Background (Channel 5) or the Mandarin Focus (Channel 8) were going to move to the new service, prompting more airtime for local productions.
In December 1983, the SBC announced that Channel 12 would carry 15-minute news bulletins at the end of its nightly schedule. On December 22, the channel's launch was announced for a January 31, 1984 date, and was built upon the pillars of quality (regardless of language) and accessibility (as the service would use the 8-10pm time slots to catch up with the highest possible number of viewers including students unable to stay awake later).
SBC 12
Test broadcasts started on January 15, 1984, showing the test pattern between 9am and 7pm, while regular broadcasts began on 31 January 1984 with cultural programming on its line-up. Ahead of the launch, Channel 12 was promoted on other SBC channels. The Housing Development Board started a plan for all of i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%E2%80%93P%20plot | In statistics, a P–P plot (probability–probability plot or percent–percent plot or P value plot) is a probability plot for assessing how closely two data sets agree, or for assessing how closely a dataset fits a particular model. It works by plotting the two cumulative distribution functions against each other; if they are similar, the data will appear to be nearly a straight line. This behavior is similar to that of the more widely used Q–Q plot, with which it is often confused.
Definition
A P–P plot plots two cumulative distribution functions (cdfs) against each other:
given two probability distributions, with cdfs "F" and "G", it plots as z ranges from to As a cdf has range [0,1], the domain of this parametric graph is and the range is the unit square
Thus for input z the output is the pair of numbers giving what percentage of f and what percentage of g fall at or below z.
The comparison line is the 45° line from (0,0) to (1,1), and the distributions are equal if and only if the plot falls on this line. The degree of deviation makes it easy to visually identify how different the distributions are, but because of sampling error, even samples drawn from identical distributions will not appear identical.
Example
As an example, if the two distributions do not overlap, say F is below G, then the P–P plot will move from left to right along the bottom of the square – as z moves through the support of F, the cdf of F goes from 0 to 1, while the cdf of G stays at 0 – and then moves up the right side of the square – the cdf of F is now 1, as all points of F lie below all points of G, and now the cdf of G moves from 0 to 1 as z moves through the support of G. (need a graph for this paragraph)
Use
As the above example illustrates, if two distributions are separated in space, the P–P plot will give very little data – it is only useful for comparing probability distributions that have nearby or equal location. Notably, it will pass through the point (1/2, 1/2) if and only if the two distributions have the same median.
P–P plots are sometimes limited to comparisons between two samples, rather than comparison of a sample to a theoretical model distribution. However, they are of general use, particularly where observations are not all modelled with the same distribution.
However, it has found some use in comparing a sample distribution from a known theoretical distribution: given n samples, plotting the continuous theoretical cdf against the empirical cdf would yield a stairstep (a step as z hits a sample), and would hit the top of the square when the last data point was hit. Instead one only plots points, plotting the observed kth observed points (in order: formally the observed kth order statistic) against the k/(n + 1) quantile of the theoretical distribution. This choice of "plotting position" (choice of quantile of the theoretical distribution) has occasioned less controversy than the choice for Q–Q plots. The resulting goodness of fit of t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DirecTV | DirecTV (trademarked as DIRECTV) is an American multichannel video programming distributor based in El Segundo, California. Originally launched on June 17, 1994, its primary service is a digital satellite service serving the United States. It also provides traditional linear television service delivered by IP through its U-verse TV brand and a Virtual MVPD service through its DirecTV Stream brand. Its primary competitors are Dish Network, traditional cable television providers, IP-based television services, and other over-the-top video services.
On July 24, 2015, after receiving approval from the Federal Communications Commission and the Department of Justice, AT&T acquired DirecTV in a transaction valued at $67.1 billion.
As of the end of Q1 2021, AT&T had 15.9 million pay-TV customers, including DirecTV, U-Verse, and DirecTV Stream subscribers.
On February 25, 2021, AT&T announced that it would spin-off DirecTV, U-Verse TV, and DirecTV Stream into a separate entity, selling a 30% stake to TPG Inc., while retaining a 70% stake in the new standalone company. The deal closed on August 2, 2021.
History
Hughes Electronics
In 1953, Howard Hughes created the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), to which he transferred full ownership of Hughes Aircraft. Ostensibly created as a non-profit medical research foundation, HHMI was accused of being used by Hughes as a tax shelter. Following Hughes' death in 1976, HHMI was incorporated in 1977, and litigation ensued to determine whether it would be allowed to maintain its interest in Hughes Aircraft. In 1984, the court appointed a new board for HHMI, which proceeded to sell off Hughes Aircraft to General Motors on December 20, 1985, for an estimated $5.1 billion. General Motors then merged Hughes Aircraft with its subsidiary Delco Electronics to create Hughes Electronics Corporation. The new subsidiary was initially composed of four units: Delco Electronics Company, Hughes Aircraft Company, Hughes Space and Communications Company, and Hughes Network Systems.
Stanley E. Hubbard founded United States Satellite Broadcasting (USSB) in 1981 and was a leading proponent for the development of direct-broadcast satellite service in the United States. USSB was awarded five frequencies by the FCC, at the coveted 101-degree west satellite location. Hughes Communications, Inc. was also awarded 27 frequencies at the same 101-degree location. After many years, the technology was developed to enable the building of very high-power satellites, and digital compression (MPEG-2) standards were developed that allowed multiple digital television channels to be sent through each satellite frequency.
Hughes and other companies believed in the early 1990s that technology would soon make digital satellite television affordable. Hughes attempted to create a joint venture with NBC, News Corp., and Cablevision in 1990, to launch the first high-power digital television service called Sky Cable. Failing to do so, the company ins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigiOn | DigiOn, Inc. is a Japanese software company that develops multimedia, storage and networking products. It is headquartered in Fukuoka, Fukuoka, and has branch offices in Tokyo and Taipei.
It is a promoter member of the Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) and in November 2003, its DiXiM Media Server became the world's first media server software to acquire UPnP certification.
References
Software companies of Japan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratics | Quadratics is a six-part Canadian instructional television series produced by TVOntario in 1993. The miniseries is part of the Concepts in Mathematics series. The program uses computer animation to demonstrate quadratic equations and their corresponding functions in the Cartesian coordinate system.
Synopsis
Each program involves two robots, Edie and Charon, who work on an assembly line in a high-tech factory. The robots discuss their desire to learn about quadratic equations, and they are subsequently provided with lessons that further their education.
Episodes
References
1993 Canadian television series debuts
1993 Canadian television series endings
Canadian children's education television series
TVO original programming
Mathematics education television series
1990s Canadian children's television series
Canadian television series with live action and animation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gala%20Television | Gala Television Corporation () is a nationwide cable TV network in Taiwan that is operated by the Gala Television Corporation, established on June 13, 1997.
GTV channels
GTV currently operates four commercial cable and satellite television channels:
GTV One / CH 27 ()
GTV Variety Show / CH 28 ()
GTV Drama / CH 41 ()
GTV Entertainment () formerly in partnership with Seoul Broadcasting System to provide Korean variety shows and dramas in Taiwan.
See also
List of Taiwanese television series
References
External links
GTV official website
GTV company profile
Television stations in Taiwan
Television channels and stations established in 1997
Chinese-language television stations
1997 establishments in Taiwan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese%20Television%20System | The Chinese Television System Inc. () is a terrestrial television station in Taiwan and was founded in 1971. Recent milestones of the network are in sports events, including having the distinction to offer exclusive coverage of the 2017 Universiade, which was held in Taipei. This included airing the opening and closing ceremonies, plus major games, and it enabled its YouTube channel with several options to watch the rest of the games. Due to recent interest in soccer in Taiwan triggered by the success of its national team, it also bought the rights to broadcast on its free-to-air waves the 2018 FIFA World Cup for all matches from the round of 16 to the end of the tournament, thereby becoming the only channel which offered an event often reserved to cable TV channels.
History
Founded on October 31, 1971, CTS began as a joint venture between the Republic of China Ministry of National Defense and the Ministry of Education. In its inception, CTS was the only VHF television channel on the island of Taiwan. In 1998, the channel was commissioned by the Republic of China to provide an "Electronic Government" program, which would act as an informational source for government workers.
On July 1, 2006, by virtue of the government's media reform law, the channel was incorporated into the Taiwan Broadcasting System (TBS) (the island state's consortium of public television stations) with Public Television Service (PTS) being the other member of the group. The new structure called for the transfer of the station's main studios from Taipei to Kaohsiung over a span of five years. Afterwards, it was allowed to continue to generate income through traditional advertisements and maintain its 60-40 ratio of entertainment to news programming.
Given its reputation as the network wherein many of Taiwan's best dramas were broadcast, CTS today is active in an ongoing campaign to restore its status as the official drama channel of Taiwan.
On April 19, 2021, CTS News and Info Channel took over Taiwan's Cable Channel 52 replaced the rival CTi News, owned by the Want Want China Times Group after the National Communications Commission approved CTS News and Info Channel's transfer from cable channel 130 to cable channel 52.
Notable programs aired by CTS
Birth of Heart (風雨生信心) was the CTS's first drama which aired in 1977 simultaneously over TTV, CTV, and CTS.
Today (今天), one of CTS's most popular women's magazine shows, aired from 1972 to 1988. It won the prestigious Golden Bell Awards three times (in 1982, 1985, and 1988).
The Variety 100 (綜藝100) was hosted by veteran Chang Hsiao-yen (Zhang Xiaoyan). It was one of the earliest prime time variety shows on CTS and 1979 to 1984.
Twin Bang (連環泡) was a popular daily CTS show during the 1980s and 90s. It ran from 1986 to 1994.
Chinese Characters (每日一字), the CTS version of a popular educational program, showcased the Chinese writing characters in traditional form. Airing from 1981 to 1998, it was the similar to a version on |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20Oxygen | Project Oxygen is a research project at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory to develop pervasive, human-centered computing. The Oxygen architecture is to consist of handheld terminals, computers embedded in the environment, and dynamically configured networks which connect these devices.
References
External links
MIT Project Oxygen
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Usability |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCCAID | The Open Contributors Corporation for Advanced Internet Development (OCCAID) was a non-profit consortium that operated one of the largest IPv6 research networks in the world. It maintained both resale and facilities-based networks spanning 15,000 miles, with a presence in over 52 cities across 6 countries. This organisation no longer operates, what occurred to this organisation is unclear as there is very little information available for this organisation, apart from their official website.
OCCAID facilitated collaboration between research communities and the carrier industry, serving as a testbed and proving ground for advanced Internet protocols. Most of its participants connected to the network using Ethernet connections in areas where OCCAID has last-mile network connections.
OCCAID's primary collaboration activities had involved IPv6 and multicast protocols.
External links
Official site
IPv6
Computer network organizations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20D.%20Haseman | William David Haseman (2 April 1948 - 2 December 2019) was an American computer scientist who was an expert in Management Information Systems and Wisconsin Distinguished Professor of MIS of University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (UWM). His expertise is Internet-based technologies.
He was the director of SBA Center for Technology Innovation at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee and was the Conference Chair of the 1999 AIS National Conference and is the conference chair for the premiere International Conference on Information Systems 2006. Before taking the job at UMW he taught at Carnegie Mellon University.
Personal
Haseman's wife's name was Barbara and they had four children together. He earned his MBA from the UWM and his PhD from Purdue University.
Publications
Books and chapters
"Introduction to Data Management", (with A.B. Whinston), Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1977.
"Design of an Integrated Medical Database," (with P. De), Chapter in Applied Systems Research and Cybernetics, G. E. Lasker (ed.), Pergamon Press, 1981.
"The Quality of Financial Reporting by General Local Governments: An Empirical Study," (with R. Strauss), Chapter in Objectives of Accounting and Financial Reporting for Governmental Units: A Research Study, Vol. II, NCGA Research Report, 1981.
"Introduction to Multimedia: Presentations and the Internet", William D. Haseman, Academic Press.
"Emerging Information Technology - On Line Guide", William D. Haseman, An online book, 2000.
"The Influences of the Degree of Interactivity on user-Oucomes in a Multimedia Environment: An Empirical Investigation", (with V. Polatoglu and K. Ramamurthy), Advanced Topics in Information resources Management, Volume 2, 2003, Ed. by M. Khosrow-Pour, Idea Group Publishing.
Articles
"Water Quality Management and Information Systems" (with A. Lieberman and A.B. Whinston), Journal of Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, March, 1975, pp. 477–493.
"A Data Base for Nonprogrammers," (with A.B. Whinston), Datamation, May, 1975, pp. 101–107.
"A Partial Implementation of the CODASYL DBTG Report as an Extension to Fortran," (with J.F. Nunamaker and A.B. Whinston), Management Datamatics, October, 1975.
"Information Systems for Public Sector Management," (with A.B. Whinston), Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, January, 1976.
"Design of Multidimensional Accounting Information Systems," (with A.B. Whinston), Accounting Review, January, 1976.
"O.R. Data Base Interface--An Application to Pollution Control," (with C. Holsapple and A.B. Whinston), Journal of Computing and Operations Research, Vol. 3, Nos. 2-3, 1976.
"Security for the GPLAN System," (with J. Cash and A.B. Whinston), International Journal of Information Systems, August, 1976.
"Automatic Application Program Interface to a Data Base," (with A.B. Whinston), The Computer Journal, May, 1977.
"Review of Public Budgeting Systems", by Robert D. Lee, Jr. and Ronald W. Johnson, in Accounting Review, April, 1978.
"Towar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WKU%20Public%20Radio | WKU Public Radio is the public radio service of Western Kentucky University in Bowling Green, Kentucky. It is a division of the Department of Information Technology at WKU. The network consists of four FM radio stations and one FM translator. Combined, the stations cover most of Western Kentucky and parts of Indiana and Tennessee, reaching into the northern suburbs of Nashville.
History
WKYU-FM signed on for the first time in November 1980 as the first public radio station for south central Kentucky. The station was spearheaded by Dr. Chuck Anderson, who had experimented with a carrier current station on-campus at WKU since 1975.
The inception of WKYU-FM, broadcasting at 88.9 megahertz, did not come without controversy; in its first several months on the air, the station's airwaves caused some local residents to experience the station's audio overlaying with the visual reception of Nashville, Tennessee's "Big 3" television stations (ABC affiliate WNGE (now WKRN-TV), NBC affiliate WSM-TV (now WSMV-TV) and CBS affiliate WTVF), which all broadcast on the lower-VHF band. It even prompted residents of nearby Butler County to file a class-action federal lawsuit against the University in February 1981; the suit was dismissed in June of that year due to insufficient evidence.
Over the next ten years, WKYU would expand its coverage through three satellite stations. WDCL-FM signed-on in 1985 to serve areas around Somerset and Campbellsville from a tower in Adair County. WDCL obtained its calls from longtime public radio supporter Daniel Cole. In 1990, two more stations were launched to joined the network: WKUE-FM in Elizabethtown and WKPB for the Ohio River communities of Henderson and Owensboro.
Until August 2009, the network was known as Western's Public Radio, airing mostly classical music during the day. However, on August 31, it rebranded itself as WKU Public Radio, and began airing mostly news and talk during the day. Prior to the sign-on of WKYU-FM, the only portions of the coverage area that had a clear signal from an NPR station was Henderson and Owensboro, which received NPR programming from WNIN-FM in Evansville, Indiana, and some southern Kentucky counties along the Kentucky–Tennessee state line, where WPLN-FM is received from Nashville.
In 2016, WKYU-FM signed on a new service on a new FM translator station, W248CF. That translator airs classical music 24 hours a day. Since its signal does not reach too far outside of Warren County, it is repeated on WKYU-FM's second HD channel, and also streams live on the Internet.
Programming
WKU Public Radio airs news and informational programming on weekdays, with classical music heard at night. Weekends feature informational shows by day, with jazz on Saturday nights and specialty music programs Sunday evenings. Saturdays and Sundays at noon, Erika Brady hosts the "Barren River Breakdown" show. WKU Public Radio is an affiliate of National Public Radio, with shows from American Public Media a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache%20Discovery%20Protocol | The Cache Discovery Protocol (CDP) is an extension to the BitTorrent file-distribution system. It is designed to support the discovery and utilisation of local data caches by BitTorrent peers, typically set up by ISPs wishing to minimise the impact of BitTorrent traffic on their network.
The Cache Discovery Protocol was originally developed jointly by BitTorrent, Inc. and CacheLogic and first implemented in version 4.20 of the official BitTorrent client, released June 22, 2006. However, despite claims that the details of the protocol would be published, to date no specification has been made publicly available.
See also
Web Cache Communication Protocol
External links
BitTorrent Local Tracker Discovery Protocol
Slyck.com coverage of the 4.20 release
BitTorrent
Service discovery protocols |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerized%20Achievement%20Levels%20Test | The Computerized Achievement Levels Test is a student achievement test, and is more commonly referred to as the Northwest Achievement Levels Test (NALT), the paper version of the test.
According to McGraw-Hill, the publisher of the CAT, CAT/5 tests accurately measure achievement in reading, language, spelling, mathematics, study skills, science, and social studies. CAT/5 reports are available in many formats for different target audiences. By presenting relevant, accurate results in a variety of ways, reports can assist teachers with instructional planning, indicate curricula directions for administrators, and help parents understand areas where children are academically strong and where added attention may be necessary.
Additionally, the publisher says test content represents different cultures and covers a broad range of subjects, appealing to all students.
According to Frontline (PBS), although many believe that tests are the best or only indicator of student performance, it is important to remember that there are other indicators of a child's knowledge and skill levels. Moreover, achievement tests are sometimes used to measure or evaluate aspects of education for which they are not designed, including how well a school is educating its students. Despite what some see as problems and controversies, tests are very successful in measuring the things they are designed to measure. There are, however, many skills and attributes tests do not measure. For example, standardized tests do not measure a child's motivation to understand new material and perform well in school. They also will not measure a child's creativity or curiosity, nor the ability to cooperate in a group, challenge assumptions, or complete in-depth projects. None of these characteristics is tested, yet they are all essential skills for further education, workplace preparation, and life in general. It is important to remember that performance on standardized tests is not a complete indication of the full range of a child's academic abilities.
References
Standardized tests in the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest%20Achievement%20Levels%20Test | The Northwest Achievement Levels Test (NALT) is the paper version of the Computerized Achievement Levels Test, a test of student achievement.
References
Standardized tests in the United States
Education in California |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CyberConnect2 | is a Japanese video game development studio mostly known for its work on the .hack series, along with a series of fighting games based on the Naruto franchise. They are also known for creating the Little Tail Bronx series (e.g. Tail Concerto and Solatorobo: Red the Hunter). In 2016, they expanded their workforce into the international market by opening a studio in Montreal, Canada.
History
CyberConnect2 was first formed on February 16, 1996, as CyberConnect in Fukuoka, Japan. On September 16, 2001, it was renamed CyberConnect2. On October 3, 2007, CyberConnect2 changed their logo and expanded their production beyond games, beginning with the formation of Sensible Art Innovation to create the .hack//G.U. Trilogy, and LieN to compose the music.
CyberConnect2 opened a second studio in Tokyo in 2010, and later opened their first international studio in Montreal, Canada in 2016. However, it was announced that the Montreal-based studio will be closing its doors by the end of July 2023. In July 2023, it was announced that a third studio in Osaka will open in early 2024.
CyberConnect2 was tasked with developing the Final Fantasy VII Remake, described in CyberConnect2's March 2015 Famitsu job advertisement as a photo-realistic role-playing game targeted at the international market built on the Unreal Engine 4 involving physically based rendering. In May 2017, it was announced that they had left the project due to unreasonable management from above, and Square Enix moved the remaining development of Final Fantasy VII Remake in-house.
Current projects
As of 2015, CyberConnect2 is currently working on two projects for current generation consoles. The first is open world. The second involves virtual reality.
It was also stated during a live broadcast on NicoNico that CyberConnect2 will announce their "future vision" for the company, leading them through the next decade. This announcement will first appear in the February 1 issue of Famitsu Magazine.
List of video games
Films
CyberConnect2 also produced two computer animated films for the .hack franchise. The first one, .hack//G.U. Trilogy, is an adaptation of the .hack//G.U. games and was released in December 2007. The second film is .hack//The Movie, which was released on January 21, 2012.
References
External links
Video game companies of Japan
Video game development companies
Video game companies established in 1996
Japanese companies established in 1996
Companies based in Fukuoka Prefecture |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straub%20Medical%20Center | Straub Medical Center is not-for-profit health care system with a 159-bed hospital in Honolulu, and a network of neighborhood clinics.
History
George F. Straub founded the clinic in 1921. Dr. Straub was educated in Germany and came to practice in Hawaii in 1907. In 1910, he conceived the idea of forming a group of physicians to provide better, more specialized care for his patients. It, however, took over 10 years to bring this idea to fruition.
The first step in 1912 was the construction of a wood-frame building at 410 South Beretania Street. Straub established his office on the first floor and his home on the second. By 1916 his practice had grown to the point that he recruited an assistant, Guy C. Milnor. Straub envisioned a clinic providing specialized care in five major fields: Obstetrics and Gynecology, Surgery, Internal Medicine, ENT, and Clinical Pathology. To this end, he next enlisted Arthur Jackson, a specialist in internal medicine in 1920 and the group carried on for a short time as Straub, Milnor, and Jackson.
In the latter part of 1920, Howard Clarke resigned his commission in the United States Army and joined as a specialist in Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat. Eric A Fennel also left the Army about this time and joined the group as pathologist.
In January, 1921, the five founding partners formally organized themselves as a legal partnership. At Straub's insistence the group he founded did not bear his name, and it was to be known simply as "The Clinic".
A specialist in internal medicine and radiology, joined the clinic in 1921, a general surgeon in 1922, and a pediatrician joined in 1924.
In 1952 the clinic was renamed "Straub Clinic" in honor of Straub, who died in May, 1966.
On December 21, 2001, it became part of the Hawaii Pacific Health network.
Straub currently has a total of 10 locations on 3 Hawaiian Islands: Oahu, Lanai, and Hawaii Island.
On April 24, 2020, it was revealed that the Straub clinic was undergoing sex abuse lawsuits from people who claimed that one of clinic's former pediatricians John Stephenson, who committed suicide in 1970, sexually abused them when they were children.
Its burn unit, constructed in the 1980s, is the only facility of its kind in Hawaii, and the only one in the North Pacific region between California and Asia. It regularly takes patients from other Hawaiian islands, other Pacific nations and territories, and cargo ships at sea. It took nine patients from Maui who had been injured in the 2023 Hawaii wildfires, the largest mass casualty even in the hospital's history.
References
External links
Healthcare in Hawaii
Hospitals in Hawaii
Hospitals established in 1921
1921 establishments in Hawaii |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Waterman | Michael Spencer Waterman (born June 28, 1942) is a Professor of Biology, Mathematics and Computer Science at the University of Southern California (USC), where he holds an Endowed Associates Chair in Biological Sciences, Mathematics and Computer Science. He previously held positions at Los Alamos National Laboratory and Idaho State University.
Education and early life
Waterman grew up near Bandon, Oregon, and earned a bachelor's degree in Mathematics from Oregon State University, followed by a PhD in statistics and probability from Michigan State University in 1969.
Research and career
Waterman is one of the founders and current leaders in the area of computational biology. He focuses on applying mathematics, statistics, and computer science techniques to various problems in molecular biology. His work has contributed to some of the most widely used tools in the field. In particular, the Smith-Waterman algorithm (developed with Temple F. Smith) is the basis for many sequence alignment programs. In 1988, Waterman and Eric Lander published a landmark paper describing a mathematical model for fingerprint mapping. This work formed one of the theoretical cornerstones for many of the later DNA mapping and sequencing projects, especially the Human Genome Project. A 1995 paper by Idury and Waterman introduced Eulerian-De Bruijn sequence assembly which is widely used in next-generation sequencing projects.
With Pavel A. Pevzner (a former postdoctoral researcher in his lab), he began the international conference Research in Computational Molecular Biology (RECOMB), and he is a founding editor of the Journal of Computational Biology. Waterman also authored one of the earliest textbooks in the field: Introduction to Computational Biology.
Awards and honors
With Cyrus Chothia and David Haussler, Waterman was awarded the 2015 Dan David Prize for his contributions to the field of bioinformatics. He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Tel Aviv University in 2011, and an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Southern Denmark in 2013.
Waterman has been a member of the US American Academy of Arts and Sciences since 1995, a member of the US National Academy of Engineering since 2012, a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences since 2013, and a member of the US National Academy of Sciences since 2001. He has been an academician of the French Academy of Sciences since 2005.
Waterman was elected an ISCB Fellow in 2009 by the International Society for Computational Biology and was awarded their ISCB Senior Scientist Award in 2009.
Personal life
Waterman has written a memoir, Getting Outside, of a childhood spent on an isolated livestock ranch on the southern coast of Oregon in the mid-twentieth century.
References
Living people
1942 births
People from Bandon, Oregon
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
American bioinformaticians
21st-century American biologists
University of Southern California faculty
Idaho St |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernist%20Journals%20Project | The Modernist Journals Project (MJP) was created in 1995 at Brown University in order to create a database of digitized periodicals connected with the period loosely associated with modernism. The University of Tulsa joined in 2003. The MJP's website states:
The Modernist Journals Project is a multi-faceted project that aims to be a major resource for the study of modernism and its rise in the English-speaking world, with periodical literature as its central concern. The historical scope of the project has a chronological range of 1890 to 1922, and a geographical range that extends to wherever English language periodicals were published. With magazines at its core, the MJP also offers a range of genres that extends to the digital publication of books directly connected to modernist periodicals and other supporting materials for periodical study.
We end at 1922 for both intellectual and practical reasons. The practical reason is that copyright becomes an issue with publications from 1923 onward. The intellectual reason is that most scholars consider modernism to be fully fledged in 1922, a date marked by the publication of James Joyce's Ulysses, Virginia Woolf’s Jacob’s Room, and T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land. We believe the materials on the MJP website will show how essential magazines were to modernism's rise.
The journals that the MJP has digitized are all available to the public, for free, on its website, where PDFs of the following magazines can be downloaded:
Magazines covered
BLAST 1 & 2 (1914-1915)
The Blue Review (1913) Initially called Rhythm)
Camera Work (1903-1917)
Coterie (1919-1921)
The Crisis: A Record of the Darker Races (1910-1922)
Dana: An Irish Magazine of Independent Thought (1904-1905)
The Dome: A Quarterly Containing Examples of All the Arts (1897-1898)
The Egoist (1914-1919)
The English Review (1908-1910)
The Freewoman (1911-1912)
The Little Review (1914-1922)
The Masses (1911-1917)
McClure's Magazine (1900-1910)
The New Age (1907-1922)
The New Freewoman (1913)
Others: A Magazine of the New Verse (1915-1919)
The Owl (1919-1923)
Le Petit Journal des Refusees (1896)
Poetry: A Magazine of Verse (1912-1922)
Rhythm: Art Music Literature Quarterly (1911-1912)
Scribner's Magazine (1910-1922)
The Seven Arts (1916-1917)
The Smart Set (1913-1922)
The Tyro: A Review of the Arts of Painting Sculpture and Design (1921-1922)
Wheels: An Anthology of Verse (1916-1921)
The 1910 Collection (single issues of 24 magazines published "on or about December 1910")
External links
1995 establishments in the United States
Bibliographic databases and indexes
Brown University
Modernism
University of Tulsa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20terrestrial%20television%20in%20Sweden | Digital terrestrial television was launched in Sweden in 1999. The shutdown of the analogue equivalent started on September 19, 2005, and was finalized on October 15, 2007.
The network uses the DVB-T-standard and broadcasts several free-to-air and encrypted channels on a number of multiplexes. The majority of the channels are encrypted and viewing them requires a decoding card.
History
On April 9, 1997, the Swedish Riksdag decided that digital terrestrial television (DTT) was to be introduced in Sweden. In June 1998, the government decided which channels were to broadcast in the network. The channels that received a national license were: TV3, Kanal 5, Canal+, Kunskaps-TV i Sverige (to be K World), TV8 and Cell Internet Commerce Development (eTV) in addition to SVT1, SVT24 and TV4. Originally, only two multiplexes were planned and therefore SVT2 was omitted. However, before the launch a third multiplex was decided on and SVT2 would be allowed to broadcast.
Two companies were created to handle the encryption services, as all channels would be encrypted: Senda i Sverige who managed the system and decoding cards and Boxer who rented out set-top-boxes.
The digital terrestrial television network was launched on April 1, 1999, making Sweden the second country in Europe to launch digital terrestrial television. It then contained only SVT1, SVT2 and SVT24. Five regional SVT channels launched some months later.
Private companies didn't launch until the autumn when TV3, TV4, Kanal 5, TV8, K World, Canal+ and eTV launched. Canal+ were granted two extra licenses to broadcast Canal+ Gul and Canal+ Blå. Boxer started their business in the autumn.
The take-up was slow at first. When the network had been running for six months, only about 500 households had rented the necessary set-top-boxes.
New licenses were granted in January 2000. A fourth multiplex was launched in the spring. After this, the DTT network looked like this:
MUX A: SVT1, SVT2, SVT24 and five regional channels.
MUX B: TV4, an extra stream from TV4, eTV and regional channels (Stockholm 1, NollEttan, DTU7 and Skånekanalen)
MUX C: Canal+, Canal+ Gul, Canal+ Blå, Kanal 5, K World
MUX D: TV3, ZTV, TV8, TV1000 and Viasat Sport
MTG said they weren't allowed to use commercial breaks in the terrestrial network. The commercial break were replaced by captions. Kanal 5 did however continue broadcasting their commercial breaks as they did on satellite. In January 2001, MTG introduced an extra fee of 115 SEK for TV3, ZTV and TV8 to cover the losses made as they didn't broadcast advertising.
In June 2001, MTG decided to cease their terrestrial broadcasts in August, which they did. As they didn't broadcast anything at all, the license was taken back, making MTG claim that they were thrown out of the DTT network.
The five MTG were replaced by other channels during the autumn of 2001: Discovery Channel, Animal Planet, MTV Nordic, Nickelodeon/VH1 and Eurosport. TV4 were granted a license to broadcast |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take%20the%20Plunge | Take the Plunge was an early evening game show that was produced by Thames Television and aired on the ITV network for one series between 4 October and 6 December 1989. The programme was hosted by comedy actress Su Pollard.
The show's format was loosely based on an American game show called Blackout, as well as a Spanish game show called Sin Verguenza.
References
External links
1989 British television series debuts
1989 British television series endings
1980s British game shows
ITV game shows
Television series by Fremantle (company)
Television shows produced by Thames Television
English-language television shows |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business%20informatics | Business informatics (BI) is a discipline combining economics, the economics of digitization, business administration, information technology (IT), and concepts of computer science. Business informatics centers around creating programming and equipment frameworks which ultimately provide the organization with effective operation based on information technology application. The focus on programming and equipment boosts the value of the analysis of economics and information technology. The BI discipline was created in Germany (in German: Wirtschaftsinformatik). It is an established academic discipline, including bachelor, master, diploma, and PhD programs in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, The Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, and Turkey, and is establishing itself in an increasing number of other countries as well, including Finland, Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Malaysia, Mexico, Poland, and India.
Business informatics as an integrative discipline
Business informatics shows similarities to information systems (IS), which is a well-established discipline originating in North America. However, there are a few differences that make business informatics a unique discipline:
Business informatics includes information technology, like the relevant portions of applied computer science, to a significantly larger extent than information systems do.
Business informatics includes significant construction and implementation-oriented elements. Another thing is one major focus lies in the development of solutions for business problems rather than the ex post investigation of their impact.
Information systems (IS) focus on empirically explaining the phenomena of the real world. Information systems has been said to have an "explanation-oriented" focus in contrast to the "solution-oriented" focus that dominates business informatics. Information systems researchers make an effort to explain the phenomena of acceptance and influence of IT in organizations and society by applying an empirical approach. In order to do that, usually qualitative and quantitative empirical studies are conducted and evaluated. In contrast to that, business informatics researchers mainly focus on the creation of IT solutions for challenges they have observed or assumed, and thereby they focus more on the possible future uses of IT.
Tight integration between research and teaching following the Humboldtian ideal a major goal in business informatics. Insights gained in actual research projects become part of the curricula quite quickly since most researchers are also lecturers at the same time. The pace of scientific and technological progress in business informatics is quite rapid; therefore, subjects taught are under permanent reconsideration and revision. In its evolution, the business informatics discipline is fairly young. Therefore, significant hurdles have to be overcome in order to further establish its vision.
Career prospects
Specia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii%20Pacific%20Health | Hawaii Pacific Health is a nonprofit health care network of hospitals, clinics, physicians and care providers covering Hawaii and the Pacific Region.
History
Hawaii Pacific Health was formed in December 2001 with the merger of four hospitals: Kapiolani Medical Center for Women & Children, Pali Momi Medical Center (formerly Kapiolani Medical Center at Pali Momi), Straub Clinic & Hospital, and Wilcox Memorial Hospital. It is the largest nonprofit? healthcare organization in Hawaii.
Hawaii Pacific Health has plans to open a $3.1 million medical clinic in summer 2019 in the Aeo residential tower in Kaka'ako. Hawaii Pacific Health also plans to open similar clinics in Kapolei at Ka Makana Ali'i, Kuono Marketplace in Kahala, and on Kauai.
Community Partner
Hawaii Pacific Health is affiliated with the University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine and Hawaii Pacific University.
Hawaii Pacific Health is a member of the University of Hawai'i Cancer Center Consortium.
References
External links
Healthcare in Hawaii
Medical and health organizations based in Hawaii
Hospitals established in 2001
2001 establishments in Hawaii
Hospital networks in the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda%20Grove | Amanda Grove is a former Court TV anchor. She joined Court TV in March 2002. She anchored the network's live hourly "Newsbreaks," and served as substitute anchor for the network's daily live trial coverage programs. She also reported from courtroom trials around the country as part of Court TV's signature daytime trial coverage. She regularly appears as a legal expert on Good Morning America, The Early Show, and On the Record with Greta Van Susteren.
Prior to joining Court TV, Grove worked for WCBS in New York City anchoring the station's morning and weekend newscasts, as well as a morning business show for MarketWatch. In addition she hosted the PBS syndicated series World Museum Classics. Before joining WCBS, Grove worked for CNBC business news in New York and London. She also worked in California for KRON's BAY-TV, KNTV in San Jose and KCCN in Monterey. From 1990 to 1996, Grove practiced real estate and corporate law with the firm of Graham & James (now Squire, Sanders & Dempsey) in San Francisco, and served as a deputy district attorney in San Mateo County.
Grove received a B.S. degree in journalism from Northwestern University and a J.D. degree from the University of California Hastings College of the Law in 1990.
She married Robert Holmen on June 29, 2002, and they have 2 sons, Grey August Holmen born January 27, 2003, and Ford Hastings Holmen born March 7, 2004.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American television news anchors
Medill School of Journalism alumni
University of California College of the Law, San Francisco alumni
CNBC people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davies%20attack | In cryptography, the Davies attack is a dedicated statistical cryptanalysis method for attacking the Data Encryption Standard (DES). The attack was originally created in 1987 by Donald Davies. In 1994, Eli Biham and Alex Biryukov made significant improvements to the technique. It is a known-plaintext attack based on the non-uniform distribution of the outputs of pairs of adjacent S-boxes. It works by collecting many known plaintext/ciphertext pairs and calculating the empirical distribution of certain characteristics. Bits of the key can be deduced given sufficiently many known plaintexts, leaving the remaining bits to be found through brute force. There are tradeoffs between the number of required plaintexts, the number of key bits found, and the probability of success; the attack can find 24 bits of the key with 252 known plaintexts and 53% success rate.
The Davies attack can be adapted to other Feistel ciphers besides DES. In 1998, Pornin developed techniques for analyzing and maximizing a cipher's resistance to this kind of cryptanalysis.
References
Cryptographic attacks
Data Encryption Standard |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances%20Allen%20%28disambiguation%29 | Frances Allen (1932–2020) was an American computer scientist.
Frances Allen may also refer to:
Frances J. Allen, Canadian general
Frances Margaret Allen or Fanny Allen (1784–1819), Roman Catholic nun
Frances Stebbins Allen (1854–1941), American photographer
Frances Elizabeth Allan or Betty Allan (1905–1952), Australian statistician
Frances Daisy Emery Allen (1876–1958), pioneering physician in Fort Worth, Texas
See also
Francis Allen (disambiguation) |
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