source
stringlengths
32
199
text
stringlengths
26
3k
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato%20yellow%20mosaic%20virus
Potato yellow mosaic virus (PYMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Geminiviridae. External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Potato yellow mosaic virus Begomovirus Viral plant pathogens and diseases
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primula%20mosaic%20virus
Primula mosaic virus (PrMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae. External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Primula mosaic virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method Viral plant pathogens and diseases Potyviruses
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primula%20mottle%20virus
Primula mottle virus (PrMoV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae. External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Primula mottle virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method Viral plant pathogens and diseases Potyviruses
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20Preprocessing
Data preprocessing can refer to manipulation or dropping of data before it is used in order to ensure or enhance performance, and is an important step in the data mining process. The phrase "garbage in, garbage out" is particularly applicable to data mining and machine learning projects. Data collection methods are often loosely controlled, resulting in out-of-range values, impossible data combinations, and missing values, amongst other issues. Analyzing data that has not been carefully screened for such problems can produce misleading results. Thus, representation and quality of data is necessary before running any analysis. Often, data preprocessing is the most important phase of a machine learning project, especially in computational biology. If there is a high proportion of irrelevant and redundant information present or noisy and unreliable data, then knowledge discovery during the training phase may be more difficult. Data preparation and filtering steps can take a considerable amount of processing time. Examples of methods used in data preprocessing include cleaning, instance selection, normalization, one-hot encoding, data transformation, feature extraction and feature selection. Applications Data mining The origins of data preprocessing are located in data mining. The idea is to aggregate existing information and search in the content. Later it was recognized, that for machine learning and neural networks a data preprocessing step is needed too. So it has become to a universal technique which is used in computing in general. Data preprocessing allows for the removal of unwanted data with the use of data cleaning, this allows the user to have a dataset to contain more valuable information after the preprocessing stage for data manipulation later in the data mining process. Editing such dataset to either correct data corruption or human error is a crucial step to get accurate quantifiers like true positives, true negatives, false positives and false negatives found in a confusion matrix that are commonly used for a medical diagnosis. Users are able to join data files together and use preprocessing to filter any unnecessary noise from the data which can allow for higher accuracy. Users use Python programming scripts accompanied by the pandas library which gives them the ability to import data from a comma-separated values as a data-frame. The data-frame is then used to manipulate data that can be challenging otherwise to do in Excel. pandas (software) which is a powerful tool that allows for data analysis and manipulation; which makes data visualizations, statistical operations and much more, a lot easier. Many also use the R programming language to do such tasks as well. The reason why a user transforms existing files into a new one is because of many reasons. Data preprocessing has the objective to add missing values, aggregate information, label data with categories (data binning) and smooth a trajectory. More advanced techniques
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosher
Nosher or Noshir may refer to: Nosher Powell, English actor and boxer Gunner "Nosher" Evans, a character in the It Ain't Half Hot Mum comedy series Noshir Contractor, Indian-American computer scientist Noshir Gowadia, Indian-American spy Noshir H. Antia, Indian plastic surgeon Noshir M. Shroff, Indian ophthalmologist Noshir Mehta, Indian cricketer See also Nosh (disambiguation) Nowshar (disambiguation) Nowshera (disambiguation) Nosherwan (disambiguation) Anushirvan (disambiguation)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Roxy%20%28TV%20series%29
The Roxy was a British music television program broadcast on the ITV network from June 1987 to April 1988 and was produced by Tyne Tees Television in Newcastle, shortly after its more successful Channel 4 music show, The Tube, was decommissioned. The show was initially presented by David Jensen and Kevin Sharkey. The first edition was transmitted across the ITV network on Tuesday 9 June 1987, introducing Erasure performing "Victim of Love". Subtitled as The Network Chart Show, The Roxy was based on the weekly chart compiled for Independent Local Radio which was broadcast on Sunday afternoons across ILR stations every Sunday afternoon from 5pm, in competition with BBC Radio 1's own chart show. In January 1988 the programme was retitled Roxy The Network Chart Show along with a new studio set which included a large 20 ft multicoloured sign spelling ROXY (This fell over at the end of the final edition using a flashpot effect & slow motion video and using the song "Leader of the Pack" by The Shangri-Las which played after the sign fell over) also along with the revamp of the set David Jensen was just a voiceover reading the charts each week but he returned to presenting duties for the final edition & Kevin Sharkey was the main presenter where he was joined by Paul Nolan and later Pat Sharp as co-hosts. The programme suffered from not having a fixed network timeslot and for a short time, an industrial dispute which affected live studio performances. After just ten months on air, The Roxy aired its final edition on Tuesday 5 April 1988. By this point, some regional stations aired the programme around midnight like Anglia, Grampian, STV, TVS, Thames and Yorkshire. The demise of The Roxy also signalled the end of major live music TV production at Tyne Tees, which asides The Tube, had also spanned series such as Alright Now, Razzmatazz and Check it Out. The company also produced coverage of Queen's concerts at Wembley and the Milton Keynes Bowl and co-produced U2 Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky. Opening theme The programme had three different theme tunes during its run. The first, written and performed by Simon May, was used for the first 29 episodes; the second, performed by 4's Company, was only used for episode 30; and the third, called "Amnesia", written and performed by Stock Aitken Waterman, was used for episodes 31 through 43. References 1987 British television series debuts 1988 British television series endings 1980s British music television series English-language television shows ITV (TV network) original programming Pop music television series Television series by ITV Studios Television shows produced by Tyne Tees Television
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banelco
Banelco (an acronym for Banca Electrónica Compartida) is an ATM network in Argentina. Established in 1985, it offers several services related to cash flow management, including debit cards, electronic transfers and service payments. Banelco is owned by private banks and operates 6.000 ATMs (one third of the total in the country). Its main competitor in the Argentine market is Red Link. The company also operates Pagomiscuentas, an electronic bill payment service. Member banks Banks in Argentina which maintain Banelco ATMs include: Banco Comafi Banco del Sol Banco Galicia Banco Itaú Banco Macro Banco Patagonia Banco Regional del Cuyo Banco Santander Río Banco Supervielle BBVA Banco Francés Citi Bank HSBC Argentina ICBC Bank BRJFO AMUR See also Automated Teller Machine ATM Industry Association (ATMIA) References External links Official website Banking in Argentina Financial services companies established in 1985 Financial services companies of Argentina Interbank networks Argentine companies established in 1985
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Fuchs
Henry Fuchs (born 20 January 1948 in Tokaj, Hungary) is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS) and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the Federico Gil Professor of Computer Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC). He is also an adjunct professor in biomedical engineering. His research interests are in computer graphics, particularly rendering algorithms, hardware, virtual environments, telepresence systems, and applications in medicine. Fuchs was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1997 for contributions to computer graphics hardware and algorithms. Career Fuchs started his career as a programmer and consultant at the University of California at Santa Cruz, and as an engineer and consultant at the Image Processing Laboratory of NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the California Institute of Technology. After the completion of his PhD in computer science in 1975 at the University of Utah, he became an adjunct associate professor of mathematical sciences and of medical computer science at the University of Texas at Dallas. In 1983 he became a professor of Computer Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and in 1988 he was promoted to the Federico Gil Distinguished Professor there, a position he still holds. Awards and honours In 1997 Fuchs became a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE). In 1992, he received both the ACM SIGGRAPH Achievement Award and the Academic Award of the National Computer Graphics Association (NCGA), and in 1997 he received the Satava Award of the Medicine Meets Virtual Reality Conference. In 2013 he was honored with the IEEE-VGTC Virtual Reality Career Award, and was awarded the Steven Anson Coons Award for Outstanding Creative Contributions to Computer Graphics in 2015. In 2018 Henry Fuchs received an Honorary Doctorate from TU Wien. References External links Henry Fuchs home page at the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill American computer scientists Computer graphics researchers Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent 20th-century American Jews Living people Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill faculty University of Texas at Dallas faculty University of Utah alumni Virtual reality pioneers 1948 births 21st-century American Jews
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory%20display
Auditory display is the use of sound to communicate information from a computer to the user. The primary forum for exploring these techniques is the International Community for Auditory Display (ICAD), which was founded by Gregory Kramer in 1992 as a forum for research in the field. Types of auditory display Audification: a technique for listening to a large time series by mapping values directly to sound pressure levels Sonification: the use of non-speech audio to convey information or perceptualize data Earcons / auditory icons: brief, distinctive sounds used to represent a specific event or convey other information Voice messaging: the automated use of speech synthesis or recorded speech samples to convey precise statements Benefits and limitations Auditory display enables eyes-free usage for blind users (via a screen reader) as well as sighted users who are using their eyes for other tasks. A rapid detection of acoustic signals and the omnidirectional feature of the sense of hearing can contribute to the effectiveness of an auditory display even when vision is available. On the other hand, sound output may interfere with other acoustic signals, such as speech communication. This complicates the use of auditory displays for certain applications. Furthermore, acoustic output may be annoying or distracting. See also References __notoc__ User interface techniques
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DZNG
DZNG (1044 AM) Bombo Radyo is a radio station owned and operated by Bombo Radyo Philippines through its licensee Newsounds Broadcasting Network. Its studio and transmitter are located at Bombo Radyo Broadcast Center, Diversion Rd. cor. Tabuco Dr., Naga, Camarines Sur. References Bombo Radyo Naga Radio stations established in 1984 News and talk radio stations in the Philippines
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20of%20Analytics%20Professionals%20of%20Australia
The Institute of Analytics Professionals of Australia (IAPA) is the professional organisation for the analytics industry, incorporating business data analytics, business intelligence, data mining and related industries. IAPA as an organisation As an organisation, it provides information sources, a "virtual community", a "networking hub" and a "professional identity". IAPA promotes the benefits of analytics in modern business, emphasising the increasingly strategic role played by data analysis in the business arena. Chapters have been established in Sydney, Melbourne, Canberra, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide. As of October 2012 IAPA has over 2,400 members and runs quarterly meetings in each location providing industry speakers and an opportunity for members to network. The IAPA website acts as the portal for Analytics professionals in Australia, providing information on relevant Events, Articles of interest and Special interest groups. See also Australian Computer Society External links Official website Professional associations based in Australia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinky%20Di%27s
Dinky-Di's, also known as The Dinky-Di's: Friends on Freedom's Frontier, is an Australian animated television series that aired on the Nine Network Australia from 6 December 1991 to 29 May 1992. It was created by Melvyn Edward Bradford, produced by Roo Films Brisbane and animated by Pacific Rim Animation. The show taught children about the dangers of having carelessness for the planet and also for animals and plants that live on the earth. A common phrase from the theme song used by fans and the creator of the show was "We show no fear, we show no pain!" Premise The Dinky Di's: Friends on Freedom's Frontier follows a group of anthropomorphic animals who go around the world saving rare and endangered animals and plants, while educating the audience on the importance of environmental preservation. Led by Aussie Roo (a Kangaroo) and Cass Koala (a Koala), this group consists of animals from all over the world who have many different specialties that serve to the Dinky-Di team, and are well organized with a command centre, computer network, and high-tech amphibious vehicles. The group of rescuers fight against Mephisto, a shadowy eco-terrorist with glowing red eyes who uses a gang of maligned beasts to do his dirty work: Rancid Rodent (a Rat), Hugo Hyena (a Hyena), Ganny Goanna (an Iguana), Serpent Sam (a Dragon), and others. Mephisto's true identity, however, is a true mystery to the Dinky-Di's, and one which, when solved, will be a major step towards slowing damage to the planet. Voice cast Gennie Nevinson as Cass Koala, Equulus Emu, Cauda Kiwi, Orikawa Bear's Son, Beatrice, Pleiades Panda and additional voices Ric Melbourne as Aussie Roo, Chopa Crocodile and additional voices Lee Perry as Ernest Eagle, Goat, Sidney Seal, Whales, Iceburglar #2, Narrator and additional voices Grahame Matters as Bill's Secretary and additional voices Tony Bellette as Plato Pus, Zennie, Mephisto, Rancid Rodent, Hugo Hyena, Ganny Goanna, Serpent Sam, Lazur Lion, Orikawa Bear, Bill Buffalo, Lazur's Boss, Mephisto's Henchman, Baron of Babel, Iceburglar #1, Doctor Hope and additional voices Episodes Out of the 26-episode series, only one full episode in English has survived, "Baron of Babel", while the other only full episodes that are known, the first episode "Lost, One Dinky-Di", the seventeenth episode "Tapir Caper" and the twenty-fifth episode "Mirage Master", are in Arabic, Polish and Russian, respectively. However, half of the first episode and about seven minutes of "The Bilby Tale" episode also exist in English. At some point on the Kooltube1 website (the website that Mel Bradford had), the episodes "The Bilby Tale", "Straits of Sorrow", "The Howling Crystal" and "Mirage Master" were available to watch. Though the Kooltube1 website is no longer around, there are a few archives still without any new content except images and copyright information. The following episode list has mostly been translated from Polish, however, so it is known that these follo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cophixalus%20balbus
Cophixalus balbus is a species of frogs in the family Microhylidae. Molecular data suggest that it might belong to the genus Oreophryne. It is known from the vicinity of its type locality in Yapen island, Papua Province, Indonesia, as well as from the Hunstein Mountains (East Sepik Province) and Bewani and Torricelli Mountains (West Sepik Province) in Papua New Guinea. Etymology The specific name balbus is Latin for "stuttering". This refers to its advertisement call: the first part of the call consists of single notes at relative longer intervals, followed by the second part where intervals are shorter and notes come in groups—this gives an impression of stuttering. Description Cophixalus balbus are small frogs, though relatively large among Cophixalus: adult males measure in snout–vent length. Head is large and as wide as long. Ground colour is yellowish-brownish, with dorsal surfaces covered with small warts. There is a conspicuous, dark grey W-shaped mark in the scapular region. Habitat and conservation Its natural habitat are patches of primary and secondary rainforest. The Yapen island records are from elevations of above sea level, with uncertain records from lower elevations. All specimens were found perched on fern fronds or on shrubs up to 3 m above the ground. The New Guinean records are from a.s.l. There are no known threats to this species. References balbus Amphibians of Papua New Guinea Amphibians of Western New Guinea Frogs of Asia Amphibians described in 2003 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIPRNet
RIPRNet (Radio over Internet Protocol Routed Network) is a United States military network that allows system designers and deployment personnel to connect radios in remote locations to local dispatch consoles exchanging radio voice data over an IP routed network. In 2007, RIPRNet was being installed in Iraq for use by United States and Coalition forces. RIPRNet is a tactical system, whose end-users are trucks or mobile forces. Part of the IP network is routed over strategic systems to increase connectivity. As of July 2007, 14 core sites and 37 ground station consoles were operational, costing "less than $10 million (US dollars) to implement, and is expected to cost 300,000 a year to maintain." References External links Another enemy tactic foiled by Airmen; Airman receives recognition for working to advance RIPRNET, 10/5/2006, Grand Forks AFB Public Affairs Internet Protocol Network Protects Troop Convoys, Nov 2006, SIGNAL Military communications
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood%20plain%20toadlet
The floodplain toadlet (Uperoleia inundata) is a species of frog in the family Myobatrachidae. Habitat The floodplain toadlet is endemic to northern Australia ranging from the Timor sea to the gulf of Carpentaria. The floodplain toadlet natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, and intermittent freshwater marshes. Conservation status The population of the species is stable and is on the least concerned list. The species faces no threats. References Uperoleia Amphibians of Queensland Amphibians of the Northern Territory Amphibians of Western Australia Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians described in 1981 Frogs of Australia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20LSD%20Story
"The LSD Story" is an episode of the American television series Dragnet that appeared on the NBC network on January 12, 1967. It was written, produced and directed by Jack Webb, who also starred as Joe Friday. This was the first color episode broadcast of Dragnet and the first episode of the later series broadcast. Plot Opening narration "This is the city — Los Angeles, California. It's a fine place to enjoy life. There are places reserved just for kids... when they're young and feel young. Places they go when they're young and feel old... beginning the big search for something that often doesn't exist in the places they look for it. They might find it here [image of a church] or here [image of a synagogue] or maybe here [image of another church]. They could try looking here [image of Griffith Observatory]... their search might end with a college degree. One thing's sure — whatever they're looking for — it cannot be found inside a number five capsule. When they try, that's where I come in. I carry a badge." "It was Tuesday, March fifteenth [1966]. It was fair in Los Angeles. We were working the day watch out of Juvenile Narcotics. My partner's Bill Gannon, the boss is Captain Richey. My name is Friday. A powerful new drug capable of producing weird and dangerous hallucinations had found its way onto the streets of the city. It had fallen into the hands of juvenile experimenters. We had to try and stop it." Synopsis A call comes into the Los Angeles Police Department juvenile narcotics division with a complaint of a person painted like an Indian and chewing the bark off a tree. When detectives Joe Friday and Bill Gannon arrive at MacArthur Park, they find a boy with his head buried in the ground. The suspect is acting erratically and has half of his face painted blue and the other half yellow and identifies himself only as Blue Boy. A tussle ensues after the boy is read his Miranda rights and placed under arrest. A doctor determines the boy is under the influence of an unknown drug and he's taken to the narcotics unit of juvenile division where he's questioned. The boy is found with several sugar cubes and states there's no law against the drugs he has taken. He continues to act erratically, so Captain Richey tells the detectives to bring the sugar cubes to the crime lab for analysis. At the scientific investigation division, forensic chemist Ray Murray states that the drug is lysergic acid diethylamide tartrate, commonly known as LSD-25, that it was developed by a Swiss biochemist named Albert Hofmann, and it causes hallucinations, severe nausea along with aches and pains as well as anxiety and depression. Sergeant Friday states there are no laws to cover the use or sale of LSD. Back at juvenile division, the boy is identified as Benjamin "Benjie" Carver. Benjie's parents are briefed about the situation, but they don't feel there's cause for concern and they don't want their son arrested. The father states that LSD is not illegal and Fri
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy%20Finley
Amy Finley (born 1973 in San Diego, California) is an American cook and writer, who was the winner of the third season of The Next Food Network Star awarded a commitment to host a cooking show on the Food Network. Her program The Gourmet Next Door premiered on October 14, 2007, and aired for six episodes before Finley, citing a family crisis, cancelled further episodes and moved with her husband and children to a rural farm in Burgundy, France, an episode she chronicled in How to Eat a Small Country. Personal and professional life Finley is a married mother of two children, a son named Indiana and a daughter named Scarlett. She attended Valhalla High School in El Cajon. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from UCLA in 1995, after which she worked for the University of California, first at her alma mater, then at UCSD, where she was a science writer for the San Diego Supercomputer Center. She is the former assistant editor of Appellation Wine Country Living and Sun Valley Magazine. She met her husband and graduated from the École Gregoire-Ferrandi in Paris in 2001, worked briefly at the influential Rose Bakery in Paris in 2003, and in 2004 published a travel book on Italy, The Adventure Guide to the Italian Riviera. Since appearing on NFNS she has written for Bon Appetit and San Diego Magazine and has appeared on The View and The Splendid Table on NPR in addition to other national and regional magazines, television and radio programs. Her culinary inspirations are French grandmothers and Julia Child. Her food writing has been influenced by Waverly Root. Television Finley was the winner of the third season of The Next Food Network Star. She originally attempted to remove herself from the competition following a disastrous five-minute cooking demonstration in Week 5, but was rebuffed by the judges. She was eliminated in Week 7, but after Josh "JAG" Garcia withdrew from the competition for lying about his culinary and military background, Amy was reinstated for the finale in his place, and she was voted the winner over runner-up Rory Schepisi making her the second female contestant to win in this show. The Gourmet Next Door was named after the theme she adopted through the competition, demonstrating the ease of cooking like a gourmet chef at home. The show aired from October 14 to December 23, 2007, for a total of six episodes, after which it was quietly replaced in its timeslot with reruns of Guy's Big Bite. Following months of speculation, Finley revealed in May 2008 that she had voluntarily turned down the opportunity to return for a second season, citing the stress of the obligations of being a television personality. She resided in Burgundy, France, with her family before they returned to San Diego. In 2012, Finley appeared on an episode of Chopped featuring past Food Network Star winners Aarti Sequeira, Melissa d'Arabian, and Jeff Mauro. She was eliminated after the second round. References External links The Ne
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvimolge
Parvimolge is a genus of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae, the lungless salamanders. It is currently considered as monotypic, although this may yet change as molecular data suggest that it is embedded within a paraphyletic Pseudoeurycea. Parvimolge townsendi is endemic to the northern Sierra Madre de Oaxaca in central and southern Veracruz, Mexico, between 900 and 1900 meters elevation. It is represented by the species Parvimolge townsendi, commonly known as Townsend's dwarf salamander. Habitat and conservation Natural habitats of Parvimolge townsendi are cloud and oak forests. They are usually found living in bromeliads or on the ground. They are somewhat adaptable and can survive in shaded coffee plantations as long as humidity levels are maintained. Parvimolge townsendi has never been common, but it has undergone significant population declines. It has only been observed once since 1997, despite efforts to locate it. It is threatened by habitat loss, but more information on the reasons for the decline of this species is needed. Parvimolge townsendi was once considered abundant, however Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a chytrid fungus, infected this species' geographic range about 40 years ago, devastating many amphibian populations, including Townsend's dwarf salamander (Sandoval-Comte, 2012). The IUCN has even labeled this species as 'possibly extinct,' under geographic range because it has only been spotted once since 1997. However, surveys throughout the 2010s found it to be present in most areas, and even moderately abundant in some places. References External links AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. 2008. Berkeley, California: Parvimolge. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: August 1, 2008). Plethodontidae Amphibians described in 1922 Endemic amphibians of Mexico Fauna of the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca Taxa named by Emmett Reid Dunn Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Monotypic amphibian genera
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20systems%20CAD
In electrical power engineering, power systems CAD is computer-aided design (CAD) software that is used to design and simulate electrical power systems in commercial and industrial buildings. Electrical power systems CAD tools are used by electrical power systems engineers. In the United States alone, power systems are a $100 billion industry. Power systems CAD tools increase the productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness of electrical systems designers by providing a design foundation that allows power systems to be created quickly and by enabling design engineers to test the safety and integrity of their design concepts. Power systems CAD software products allow organizations to develop power systems designs, with faster turnaround time, than with previous manual methods. Aids to electrical calculation started with DC network calculating boards and AC network analyzers, which reached a high degree of development by the middle of the 20th century. Large scale digital computers became powerful enough to overtake the previous analog model systems. The use of personal computers with graphical displays lead to development of integrated suites of power systems design software, which allowed several different power system studies to be carried out on the same input model data. CAD overview The electrical power systems CAD process, frequently called power systems "modeling," typically consists of two distinct stages: The design stage, in which an electric systems model is created, and The simulation or analysis stage, in which software simulation programs are used to test the integrity of the design; these simulation programs test how the model would behave in real-world operation by checking for specific types of design or operational problems (see list below.) Design is an iterative process, in which simulation results will suggest ways that the design should be modified to increase safety, reliability, and serviceability. At the conclusion of the design effort, organizations will enjoy a far higher degree of confidence in the integrity of their power systems infrastructure than with manually drawn schematics. The same model used for computer-aided design of a power system can be used as the basis for real-time monitoring and modeling of the system, giving network operators a quantitative value for any proposed changes in system operating conditions. Calculations and simulations Several electrical engineering calculations and tests can be performed on a power systems CAD model, including: Short circuit analysis AC and DC Arc flash Protective device coordination Power flow study Cable pulling Power system reliability Electromagnetic transient analysis cable ampacity Induction motor parameter estimation Transmission line parameters Power system optimization Electrical substation grounding grid design Motor starting Voltage stability and contingency analysis. References and Sources Computer-aided des
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Man%20in%20the%20Morgue
"The Man in the Morgue" is the 19th episode of the first season of the television series Bones. Originally aired on April 19, 2006 on FOX network, the episode is written by Noah Hawley and Elizabeth Benjamin, and directed by James Whitmore Jr. The episode features Dr. Temperance Brennan and FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth attempting to recover Brennan's memories after she awakes covered in blood in New Orleans. Summary The episode opens with Dr. Brennan in New Orleans, where she is taking her vacation time to help identify victims of Hurricane Katrina some time after the event with the help of Mike Doyle and Dr. Graham Legiere inside a temporary morgue set up within a church. Brennan begins to autopsy 'John Doe 361' who was found covered in mud with a small hole in the front of his skull. Detective Rose Harding and Dr. James Embry assist Brennan, hoping to discover whether the death was the result of the hurricane or foul play. James discovers something lodged in the victim's mouth and Brennan sends an orderly, Sam Potter, to X-ray John Doe 361. Following this, Graham Legiere asks Brennan out on a date, which she says she will consider once she receives the results of the X-rays. There is a flash on screen, and Brennan is seen lying on a bathroom floor soaked in blood, blood on her hands, and a gash on her forehead. She is disoriented as she tries to remember what happened but is only able to recover flashes. Brennan answers a phone call from the hotel clerk, who tells her that the bus to the airport is waiting. Having been told it was Thursday, Brennan is confused and wonders what happened to Wednesday. At the hospital, Dr. Ryan Halloway notes that one of Brennan's ears has been ripped open and her mother's earring taken, yet Brennan still has no memory of such an event occurring. While Dr. Halloway sends off the blood samples on Brennan's clothes for analysis, Detective Harding arrives to interview Brennan. The only memory she has is of Dr. Legiere asking her on a date. Booth arrives and takes Brennan to a restaurant. They discuss the last thing she remembers - her pending date with Legiere. After finding out from the restaurant owner, Peter LaSalle, that Brennan was at his restaurant on Tuesday night with Sam Potter, an orderly at the makeshift morgue who practices voodoo, they head to the morgue. Meanwhile, back at the lab, Angela Montenegro delivers the X-rays of John Doe 361 to Zack Addy so he can make an analysis of them. He calls Brennan and tells her that John Doe 361, who she does not recall, was 40 years old, of mixed race and was murdered. At the morgue, Sam informs Brennan that they had spoken on Tuesday night about the object lodged in 361's mouth, which was voodoo in origin. Sam explains that voodoo is all about balance and that the hurricane, brought on by Secte Rouge, has destroyed the balance of New Orleans. He states that the objects found in the victim's mouth, black gum root and a chicken foot, can only be found at a vood
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop%20That%20Laughing%20at%20the%20Back
Stop That Laughing At The Back is a children's comedy sketch series that aired on the ITV network for one series in 1987. It was produced by Granada Television. The programme used surreal animated sequences to link sketches, similar to Monty Python's Flying Circus. References 1987 British television series debuts 1987 British television series endings 1980s British children's television series British children's comedy television series British children's television series English-language television shows ITV children's television shows
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Data%20forest%20frog
The Mount Data forest frog (Platymantis subterrestris) is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Cordillera Central of northern Luzon, Philippines. Its type locality is Mount Data. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. It is threatened by habitat loss. References Amphibians of the Philippines Platymantis Endemic fauna of the Philippines Fauna of Luzon Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians described in 1922
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visa%20Information%20System
The European Union Visa Information System (VIS) is a database containing information, including biometrics, on visa applications by Third Country Nationals requiring a visa to enter the Schengen area. The system was established in June 2004 by the Council decision 2004/512/EC. VIS is rolled out on a regional basis, starting on 11 October 2011 with north African countries. New applicants for a VIS Schengen visa have to travel to the nearest EU consulate to give their biometric information (10 fingerprints and a facial image), which is then entered into the system and remains valid for five years. Information is centrally stored in a database in Strasbourg (with a back-up site in Austria) allowing checks to be made at border crossing points that the person holding the biometric visa is the person who applied for it. Two types of searches are possible: verification and identification, both carried out by the separate Biometric Matching System (BMS). Verification consists of a check that the fingerprints scanned at the border crossing point correspond to those associated with the biometric record attached to the visa (duration approx. 2 seconds). Identification consists of comparing the fingerprints taken at the border crossing post with the contents of the entire database (duration up to 10 minutes). As from its entry into operation, the VIS was gradually rolled out at all national consulates, region by region. On 20 November 2015, all Schengen and Schengen-associated states completed the system's rollout at all national consulates. On 29 February 2016, all official EU border crossing points closed the VIS rollout. The VIS is expected to contain some 70 million visa applications and biometric records at full capacity. VIS aims to prevent visa fraud and visa shopping by applicants between EU member states and to facilitate checks at external border crossing points and within territory of member states, assisting in the identification of listed persons. The bodies having access to VIS are: Consulates, police authorities from member states and Europol. Transfer of data to third countries or international organizations may take place only in an exceptional case of urgency, with the consent of the member state that entered the data. The VIS also assist the Member States competent authorities for asylum. See also Dublin Regulation eu-LISA Schengen Information System Prüm Convention Visabio, the French component of VIS References External links Summaries of EU legislation > Justice, freedom and security > Free movement of persons, asylum and immigration > Free movement of persons, asylum and immigration Council of the European Union > Schengen Regulation (EC) No 767/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 July 2008 concerning the Visa Information System (VIS) and the exchange of data between Member States on short-stay visas (VIS Regulation) Biometric databases European Union law Government databases of the European Unio
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clang
Clang () is a compiler front end for the C, C++, Objective-C, and Objective-C++ programming languages, as well as the OpenMP, OpenCL, RenderScript, CUDA, SYCL, and HIP frameworks. It acts as a drop-in replacement for the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), supporting most of its compilation flags and unofficial language extensions. It includes a static analyzer, and several code analysis tools. Clang operates in tandem with the LLVM compiler back end and has been a subproject of LLVM 2.6 and later. As with LLVM, it is free and open-source software under the Apache License 2.0 software license. Its contributors include Apple, Microsoft, Google, ARM, Sony, Intel, and AMD. Clang 17, the latest major version of Clang as of October 2023, has full support for all published C++ standards up to C++17, implements most features of C++20, and has initial support for the upcoming C++23 standard. Since v16.0.0, Clang compiles C++ using the GNU++17 dialect by default, which includes features from the C++17 standard and conforming GNU extensions. Background Starting in 2005, Apple Inc. began extensive use of LLVM in several commercial products, including the iOS SDK and Xcode 3.1. One of the first uses of LLVM was an OpenGL code compiler for OS X that converts OpenGL calls into more fundamental calls for graphics processing units (GPU) that do not support certain features. This allowed Apple to support OpenGL on computers using Intel GMA chipsets, increasing performance on those machines. The LLVM project originally intended to use GCC's front end. The GCC source code, however, is large and somewhat cumbersome; as one long-time GCC developer put it referring to LLVM, "Trying to make the hippo dance is not really a lot of fun". Besides, Apple software uses Objective-C, which is a low priority for GCC developers. As such, GCC does not integrate smoothly into Apple's integrated development environment (IDE). Finally, GCC's license agreement, the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 3, requires developers who distribute extensions or modified versions of GCC to make their source code available, but LLVM's permissive software license doesn't require this. In the end, Apple chose to develop Clang, a new compiler front end that supports C, Objective-C and C++. In July 2007, the project received the approval for becoming open-source. Design Clang works in tandem with LLVM. The combination of Clang and LLVM provides most of the toolchain for replacing the GCC stack. One of Clang's main goals is to provide a library-based architecture, so that the compiler could interoperate with other tools that interact with source code, such as integrated development environments (IDE). In contrast, GCC works in a compile-link-debug workflow; integrating it with other tools is not always easy. For instance, GCC uses a step called fold that is key to the overall compile process, which has the side effect of translating the code tree into a form that looks unlike the original sou
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coming%20Out%20Stories
Coming Out Stories is an American reality television series that premiered on the LGBT-themed Logo television network with its first episode on February 16, 2006. Each episode follows a particular gay or lesbian individual's preparation and coming out to a particular person or group of people. The shows were produced by four time Academy Award nominees Kirk Simon and Karen Goodman. So far, there has been one season, which consisted of eight episodes, that ended on October, 2006 and has subsequently been rerun periodically. Episodes are also available on Logo's official website, and can be downloaded in the iPod format via iTunes. The series won a 2007 Insight Award and was nominated for the National Association for Multi-Ethnicity in Communications (NAMEC) award that honors those who create outstanding content that depicts the world's rich, multi-ethnic experiences. Episode list External links 2000s American reality television series 2006 American television series debuts 2006 American television series endings Logo TV original programming 2000s LGBT-related reality television series 2000s American LGBT-related television series
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZ2
LZ2 may refer to the following: Zeppelin LZ2, an early model of a type of rigid airship LZ2 (algorithm), a lossless data compression algorithm Led Zeppelin II, the second album by the band Led Zeppelin LZ2 (Lanzarote), a road in the Canary Islands Landing Zone 2, SpaceX landing pad on the Space Coast, Florida, USA Panasonic Lumix DMC-LZ2, a digital camera
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelisys
Intelisys is an American technology services distributor (formerly master agent) that sells commercial voice, data and cloud services through an indirect sales channel of more than 1700 independent sales professionals. Intelisys is founder of Cloud Services University (2012), the first cloud education platform designed exclusively for channel-based sales professionals. Intelisys delivers supplier neutral solutions to end-user customers through a nationwide network of telecom, data and cloud sales and consulting channel professionals via the two-tier distribution model favored in sales of telecommunications network services and cloud services referred to as “the channel”. History Intelisys was founded in December 1994 by Rick Dellar, Rick Sheldon and Rick Balzer, settling at its headquarters in Petaluma, California, in 1998, as part of what was once known as Telecom Valley. In 1995, Rick Balzer exited the business; and Rick Dellar and Rick Sheldon moved forward as sole owners. The company was founded to support U.S. independent telecom channel sales agents in growing their businesses. In January 2006, Intelisys entered a merger with Resource Communications, owned by Dana Topping. Dana Topping was credited with creating multiple platforms and programs still in use today at Intelisys / ScanSource. The partner asset tracking platform MyIntelisys used in tracking vital partner information like commissions, customers, internal marketing programs and more. Another popular program was the Advanced Commissions Program. This allowed partners to get paid 10 days after an order was received. Far ahead of the normal 90 - 120 day waiting period. Cloudservicesuniversity.com was Dana's brainstorm to enable the average person to attain knowledge in Telecom and Cloud services. Lastly with the collaboration of Justin Kelley, Dana's main software engineer, they created the hosted software service Audex, which was designed to provide independent telecom agencies, and related telecom consultants and distributors, with an information management service to streamline business processes and to provide their customers a managed services offer that gives them visibility to all of their telecommunications services. Dana also launched the strategic international services of Intelisys Global. He set in motion a first of its kind, Partner Program, enabling independent contractors to sell Telecom and Cloud Services to the UK, France, Germany and Italy. Together, Dellar, Sheldon and Topping operate as majority owners and lead the overall strategic direction of the company. Jay Bradley was promoted to President of the company in 2007, when the company restructured with the goal of managing day-to-day operations of the business through a professional executive management team. He first joined Intelisys as Vice President of Marketing and Business Development in October 2002. Mr. Bradley brought 20 years of telecom sales, marketing and management experience to the company, 10 of
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geth
Geth may refer to: A fictional species of networked artificial intelligences in the fictional universe of Mass Effect Legion, a notable representative of the geth The Kingdom of G'eth, the Dungeons & Dragons campaign setting for members of Outside Xbox and Outside Xtra
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline%20of%20artificial%20intelligence
This is a timeline of artificial intelligence, sometimes alternatively called synthetic intelligence. Antiquity, Classical and Medieval eras 1500-1900 20th century 1901–1950 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 21st century 2000s 2010s 2020s See also Timeline of machine translation Timeline of machine learning Notes References Sources Further reading External links Artificial intelligence Contemporary history
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholars%20at%20Risk
Scholars at Risk (SAR) is a U.S.-based international network of academic institutions organized to support and defend the principles of academic freedom and to defend the human rights of scholars around the world. Network membership includes over 530 higher education institutions in 42 countries. History Scholars at Risk was founded during a Human Rights Program in the University of Chicago in 1999 where it launched with a large conference in June 2000. It has its headquarters in the Greenwich Village campus of New York University. Rob Quinn is the executive director of Scholars at Risk. In 2001, Scholars at Risk joined with other international education and human rights organizations to launch the Network for Education and Academic Rights (NEAR). When NEAR disbanded SAR continued this work through its Academic Freedom Media Review, Scholars-in-Prison Project and Academic Freedom Monitoring Project. In 2002, SAR partnered with the Institute of International Education which was then establishing IIE's Scholar Rescue Fund. The Fund provides financial support to scholars facing grave threats so that they may escape dangerous conditions and continue their academic work in safety. In 2003, the network headquarters relocated from the University of Chicago to the New York City campus of New York University. In 2005, SAR and partners began organizing SAR 'sections' and 'partner networks' around the world, building a global community pledged to help scholars and promote academic freedom everywhere. From 2007 to 2010, SAR led a series of workshops to provide a safe, open forum for academics and advocates from around the world to discuss the regional dimensions of academic freedom and the challenges faced, and to develop joint responses. These led to the development of an academic freedom curriculum and in 2011 to the Academic Freedom Advocacy Team, which researched protection for academic freedom under international human rights law. In 2012, SAR launched the Academic Freedom Monitoring Project, through which volunteer researchers document attacks on higher education in specific countries or regions which are then published in a report. The first Free to Think report was published in 2015 and since then it has been published annually. In 2014, SAR formalized the Student Advocacy Seminar, an initiative through which faculty researchers help students develop research and advocacy skills while investigating attacks on higher education communities. Activities SAR's activities are organized under three main pillars: Protection, Advocacy and Learning. Protection SAR arranges for positions of sanctuary at universities and colleges in the network for intellectuals fleeing persecution and violence. Scholars are referred to the network for assessment, referrals or transition assistance. Advocacy Scholars at Risk advocates on behalf of academics, writers, artists, and other intellectuals who are threatened in their home countries. SAR organizes global
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three%20Rivers%20Computer%20Corporation
The Three Rivers Computer Corporation (3RCC) was a spinoff from the Research Engineering Laboratory of the Computer Science Department of Carnegie Mellon University, and was founded in May 1974 by Brian S. Rosen, James R. Teter, William H. Broadley, J. Stanley Kriz, D. Raj Reddy and Paul G. Newbury in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States to manufacture advanced technology computer displays, peripherals, and systems. Early products included: the GDP/2A Graphics Display processor with high speed vector generator capable of drawing in excess of 50,000 vectors at 60 Hz refresh rates; a CVD/2 Color Video Display System that displayed a full color raster scanned image with a unique data compression algorithm capable of full frame animation display; ADA-16 Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog converters for high fidelity music and speech research, and a UMB-11 Unibus Monitor that was a low-cost test instrument for PDP-11 series minicomputers. In 1979, the company launched its principal products, a line of workstation computers called PERQ, which were single-user high performance workstations with the power of a medium-scale mainframe computer from that era coupled with a versatile graphics display. In the summer of 1980, the company divested itself of all activities other than those related to PERQ. From 1981 onwards, 3RCC developed and produced the PERQ jointly with ICL in the United Kingdom. 3RCC changed its name to PERQ Systems Corporation in 1984, but became insolvent in 1985. External links PERQ History 1974 establishments in Pennsylvania 1985 disestablishments in Pennsylvania American companies established in 1974 American companies disestablished in 1985 Carnegie Mellon University Computer companies established in 1974 Computer companies disestablished in 1985 Defunct companies based in Pennsylvania Defunct computer companies of the United States Technology companies established in 1974 Technology companies disestablished in 1985
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Gay
Jonathan Gay (born 1967) is an American computer programmer and software entrepreneur based in Northern California. Gay co-founded FutureWave Software in 1993. For a decade, he was the main programmer and visionary of Flash, an animation editor for web pages. He founded Software as Art, which was later renamed Greenbox, which made energy management solutions for the home. Early days While in high school, Gay won a science fair award for programming on an Apple II computer and came to the attention of Silicon Beach Software founder Charlie Jackson. Gay began programming for Silicon Beach in his senior year. His first published product, released in 1985, was Airborne!, a black-and-white game for the Macintosh computer. While in college, he collaborated with game designer Mark Pierce and programmed Dark Castle and Beyond Dark Castle. All three were award-winning programs that included digital sounds, an unusual innovation for that era. After graduating from Harvey Mudd College in Claremont, California, Gay worked full-time for Silicon Beach Software. During this time he added some significant features to Superpaint 2, including Bézier curves, and began work on IntelliDraw, which was published by Aldus Corporation after the acquisition of Silicon Beach Software in 1990. FutureWave Software In 1993, Gay and Jackson founded FutureWave Software with the intention of creating graphics software for pen computing, in particular the Penpoint operating system that ran on the EO Personal Communicator. Gay and programmer Robert Tatsumi finished the company's first product in 1994, SmartSketch, a vector-drawing program for the PenPoint operating system. Shortly thereafter, PenPoint was discontinued, ending that market for SmartSketch. SmartSketch was ported to the Windows and Macintosh operating systems, but with the advent in 1995 of the World Wide Web, Gay saw an opportunity to create an editor that could produce animations for web pages. The core technology of SmartSketch was repurposed to create a new product, FutureSplash Animator, adding support for timeline animation and a Netscape browser plug-in for playing back content. FutureSplash Animator was released in May, 1996. Macromedia When MSN and Disney decided to use FutureSplash Animator for their websites, Macromedia made an offer to buy FutureWave Software and the acquisition was completed in December, 1996. FutureSplash Animator was renamed Flash 1.0. Flash and Director The acquisition of FutureWave by Macromedia was unusual in that Macromedia's flagship product, Macromedia Director, overlapped with FutureSplash's functionality in many ways. Both were essentially animation/multimedia solutions consisting of an authoring tool and a browser plug-in runtime. As a Web technology, Flash had the advantage of a smaller runtime (on the order of 100 kilobytes, whereas Director's Shockwave runtime weighed over a megabyte), as well as a learning curve that was significantly less steep owing to
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20for%20Education%20and%20Academic%20Rights
Network For Education and Academic Rights (NEAR) is a membership-based, non-governmental organisation which works to promote and protect academic freedom and academic rights. NEAR facilitates international collaboration between organisations and individuals active in issues of academic freedom and education rights, and seeks to defend the human rights of those in the higher education sector, including academics, researchers and students. NEAR was launched at the UNESCO offices in Paris in June 2001. NEAR receives reports of academic freedom violations from its members or credible media sources, and works to increase awareness and response through its emergency action alert system, bulletins and media outreach. NEAR also works with academics and activists worldwide active on issues of academic freedom and academic rights to encourage joint action and build capacity through its series of international workshops. NEAR members include Amnesty International, the AAAS- American Association for the Advancement of Sciences, the AAUP, Article 19, the ACU, CODESRIA, Education International, Index on Censorship, IAU, International PEN, Human Rights Watch, the National Academy of Sciences, UCU and the World University Service. NEAR also maintains partnerships with other associations and organisations with related objectives, including Scholars at Risk, the African Academic Freedom Network and the Arab Society for Academic Freedom. NEAR is hosted by the Council for Assisting Refugee Academics in London. Professor John Akker is the executive director. External links Official Website (site down) Archived versions of Official website, via Human Rights Web Archive NEAR/SAR Academic Freedom Workshops Academic freedom Education rights Freedom of expression organizations Organizations established in 2001 Organisations based in London
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPoE
Internet Protocol over Ethernet (IPoE) is a method of delivering an IP payload over an Ethernet-based access network or an access network using bridged Ethernet over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) without using PPPoE. It directly encapsulates the IP datagrams in Ethernet frames, using the standard encapsulation. The use of IPoE addresses the disadvantage that PPP is unsuited for multicast delivery to multiple users. Typically, IPoE uses Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol and Extensible Authentication Protocol to provide the same functionality as PPPoE, but in a less robust manner. References Link protocols
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARQ
ARQ or Arq may refer to: Automatic Repeat-reQuest, an error control mechanism for data transmission An admission request in H.323 Registration, Admission and Status (RAS) messages ARQ (film), a 2016 American film ARQ (journal), an architecture journal ISO 639-3 code for Algerian Arabic ARQ, a query engine for Jena See also Arc (disambiguation) ARC (disambiguation)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colbie%20Caillat
Colbie Caillat ( ; born May 28, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter. She rose to fame through social networking website Myspace. At that time, she was the number one unsigned artist of her genre. After signing with Universal Republic Records, she released her debut album, Coco, in July 2007. The album included the hit singles "Bubbly" and "Realize", and is certified 2× Platinum. In 2008, she recorded a duet with Jason Mraz, "Lucky", which won a Grammy Award. In August 2009 she released Breakthrough, her second album, which became her first album to debut at number one on the Billboard 200. It has been certified gold by the RIAA. Breakthrough was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album at the 2010 Grammy Awards. She was also part of the group that won Album of the Year at the 2010 Grammy Awards for her featured vocals and writing on Taylor Swift's Fearless album. In July 2011, she released her third studio album, All of You. In October 2012 she released her first Christmas album, Christmas in the Sand. From 2018 to 2020, she was a member of the country music group Gone West. Caillat has sold over six million albums worldwide and over 10 million singles. In 2009 she was named Billboard magazine's 94th-best-selling music artist of the 2000s. Life and career 1985–2006: Early life Caillat was born in Malibu, California, and grew up in Newbury Park, California. Her father, Ken Caillat, co-produced Fleetwood Mac's Rumours (1977), Tusk (1979), and Mirage (1982) albums. When she was an infant, her parents gave her the nickname "Coco", which she would later name her debut album. Caillat took piano lessons as a child, but lacked significant inspiration until she turned 11 years old, when she became enthralled with Lauryn Hill's performance in Sister Act 2. She realized that she wanted to be a singer, and began taking vocal lessons, performing onstage for the first time in sixth grade. Since then she has covered the Roberta Flack song "Killing Me Softly", which had previously been covered by Lauryn Hill, and Hill's own "Tell Him". Caillat soon met producer Mikal Blue, who hired her to sing on techno songs used at fashion shows. Caillat began playing the acoustic guitar at age 19, and Blue helped her record her first song. She auditioned for American Idol but was rejected at the pre-audition stage and was unable to sing for the judges. The second time she auditioned for the show, she sang her own original song, "Bubbly", and was rejected once again. However, Caillat expressed gratitude at the judges' decision, saying "I was shy. I was nervous. I didn't look the greatest. I wasn't ready for it yet. I was glad, when I auditioned, that they said no." The popularity of Caillat's MySpace profile led her to become the number-one unsigned singer in her genre for four consecutive months. 2007–2008: Coco Caillat's debut album, Coco, was released on July 10, 2007, in Australia and Asia and a week later in North America. Its deluxe edition was released on Sep
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles%20Harrison
Miles Harrison is a rugby union commentator for British television and radio networks Sky Sports, ITV, Channel 4, Prime Video and talkSPORT. After obtaining a degree in Politics and Economic History from the University of York and a post-graduate qualification in Radio Journalism from City University London, he worked for the BBC in York and Leeds. In the early 1990s, he moved to BBC Radio Sport, commentating on rugby union, football and cricket. He was also part of the commentary team for BBC Radio's coverage of the Wimbledon tennis tournament each summer and was a regular presenter of the sports news on Today (BBC Radio 4). In 1994, when Sky Sports secured the rights to live club rugby, Harrison was invited to be the lead commentator for their rugby union coverage. This has included seven British and Irish Lions tours, England internationals (both at home and abroad), plus Champions Cup rugby and numerous domestic club competitions. Harrison has worked for ITV Sport on the Rugby World Cup since 2007. At the 2015 Rugby World Cup in England, Harrison combined this with working for World Feed television and radio coverage: his commentary on the Final was part of the biggest-ever television worldwide audience for rugby. He commentated for ITV Sport at the 2019 Rugby World Cup in Japan and did so again for the 2023 Rugby World Cup in France. For the 2011 Rugby World Cup, Harrison worked for Sky Television in New Zealand as a commentator, expert and presenter. Since 2016, Harrison has been a commentator on ITV Sport's coverage of the Six Nations Championship. Between 2018 and 2022, he led commentary for Channel 4's coverage of international and domestic rugby. From 2022, he has been part of the Prime Video team for their coverage of international rugby. Harrison’s voice has been heard on every Champions Cup final since the competition began; notably for Sky Sports, Channel 4 and ITV Sport. Since 2022, he has been the lead commentator for ITV Sport’s coverage of Premiership Rugby in England and the Champions Cup. He has also worked for talkSPORT as a presenter, fronting the radio station's coverage of the 1999 Rugby World Cup and 2003 Rugby World Cup, and as a commentator for international rugby. Harrison was named the 2007 Guinness Rugby Union Journalist of the Season. In 1997, he commentated on Sky's BAFTA award-winning rugby union coverage; he was also the commentator on ITV Sport's BAFTA-nominated rugby union coverage in 2007 and 2017. Harrison provided the commentary for HB Studios Rugby World Cup 2011 (video game) and subsequent productions, having previously voiced other video games. In print, Harrison has written two books for Aurum Press: Best Seat in the House – the story of the 1997 British Lions tour to South Africa and Grand Slam – a history of the Five Nations Championship. He has also ghosted the autobiography of Welsh rugby legend JPR Williams Given the Breaks. Notes English rugby union commentators British sports broad
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20manakin
The blue manakin or swallow-tailed manakin (Chiroxiphia caudata) is a small species of bird in the family Pipridae. It is found mainly in the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and far north-eastern Argentina. Its typical habitat is wet lowland or montane forest and heavily degraded former forest. Males have a bright blue body, black head wings and tail and a red crown. Females and juveniles are olive-green. At breeding time, males are involved in lekking behaviour when they sing and dance to impress females. This is a common species with a wide range, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern". Distribution and habitat This bird is found in north-eastern Argentina, southern and south-eastern Brazil, and Paraguay. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, and heavily degraded former forest. It is generally common in the appropriate habitats within its range. One to five males live within an area of 100 meters^2, consisting of one alpha male, one beta male, and a few gamma males. Each area has four to six display perches which are horizontal vines, branches, or lianas one meter off the ground. The main display arena is cleaned by the alpha and beta males by removing moss, leaves, or twigs from the perch, making it appear whiter. Description At a length of around and a weight of around , this small sparrow-sized bird may be the largest species within the diminutive manakin family. Formerly, the name "swallow-tailed manakin" was used widely, but as it is misleading (the tail is unlike that of any swallow), this name has largely been abandoned for "superior blue manakin". As suggested by this common name, the male is - by far - the manakin with most blue to the plumage. The entire body is bright blue, while the wings, tail and head, except for the red cap, are black. The far duller female is greenish-brown overall. Both sexes have elongated central rectrices. Juvenile males resemble the adult female, but gradually develop first the red crown, then the black face-sides, and finally the remaining plumage of the adult male. The males form leks, typically consisting of a single adult and two sub-adult males, where they sing and "dance" to attract females. This was shown in the BBC's The Life of Birds documentary series. Due to the pronounced hypergamous nature of its females, up to 90% of male blue manakins never mate. Status This bird has a very wide range, is common and is presumed to have a large total population. The population trend is thought to be stable and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated the bird's conservation status as being of "least concern". References External links Photos and text - arthurgrosset.com Photos and text - faunaparaguay.com blue manakin Birds of the Atlantic Forest blue manakin Articles containing video clips Taxon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clidemia%20caudata
Clidemia caudata is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. References caudata Endemic flora of Ecuador Near threatened plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Plants described in 1973
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Andean%20antbird
The East Andean antbird (Drymophila caudata) is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found at high levels in humid highland forests, especially near bamboo, and is endemic to the western slope of the Eastern Andes and the Upper Magdalena Valley in Caquetá and Huila in Colombia. This bird is found at high elevations of about 1,500-2,500 m. It was formerly considered conspecific with the Klages's antbird, the Santa Marta antbird, and the streak-headed antbird and together called the long-tailed antbird. The East Andean antbird was described by the English zoologist Philip Sclater in 1855 and given the binomial name Formicivora caudata. References External links East Andean antbird Birds of the Colombian Andes Endemic birds of Colombia East Andean antbird East Andean antbird Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenia%20caudata
Eugenia caudata is a species of plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss. References caudata Endemic flora of Peninsular Malaysia Trees of Peninsular Malaysia Vulnerable plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graffenrieda%20caudata
Graffenrieda caudata is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Guyana. References caudata Endemic flora of Guyana Vulnerable plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale-tipped%20inezia
The pale-tipped inezia or pale-tipped tyrannulet (Inezia caudata) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, and heavily degraded former forest. References pale-tipped inezia Birds of Colombia Birds of Venezuela Birds of the Guianas pale-tipped inezia pale-tipped inezia Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-tailed%20marmot
The long-tailed marmot (Marmota caudata) or golden marmot is a marmot species in the family Sciuridae. It occurs in mountainous regions in the central parts of Asia where it lives in open or lightly wooded habitats, often among rocks where dwarf junipers grow. It is IUCN Red Listed as Least Concern. As suggested by its name, it is a relatively long-tailed species of marmot. Description The long-tailed marmot is a large, sturdy rodent weighing up to . Its typical weight range is from , with the lower weights in the spring directly after hibernation and the higher weights in the autumn just before hibernation where more than one–quarter of its mass can be fat. Males average slightly larger than females. Its head-and-body length is and the tail is about long. The tail is 37–55% of the head-and-body length. This is considerably longer than typical of other marmots, although the proportionally longest-tailed individuals of the grey (M. baibacina) and alpine marmots (M. marmota) are comparable to the shortest-tailed individuals of the long-tailed marmot. The eyes are close to the top of the rather-flattened head, the ears are small and the neck is short. The forelegs are longer than the hind legs. Several subspecies have been described for the long-tailed marmot, but only three are generally recognised: M. c. caudata, M. c. aurea and M. c. dichrous. The last has occasionally been considered a separate species. They differ in colours and some measurements, with M. c. caudata averaging larger than the others. M. c. aurea, the subspecies found in most of its range, is relatively bright golden-buff or orange-tawny overall. Its face is brownish and the top of its head is typically brown to black, but in small parts of its range it is the same colour as its back. The tip of the tail often is blackish. M. c. caudata also has a brown face, and its flanks and underparts are yellowish, but the rear top of its head and mid-back are black, while the tail is black or mixed yellowish and black. M. c. dichrous is black-brown below, but this subspecies is dimorphic in the colour of its upperparts: they are blackish-brown to dull brown in dark animals, and light brown to cream in pale animals. Distribution and habitat The long-tailed marmot is restricted to Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, far southern Kazakhstan (where rare), Uzbekistan, northern Pakistan, northernwestern India and western China. In China, it has only been recorded in the Tian Shan Mountains of Xinjiang. Other mountain ranges where it occurs are the Pamir, Alay, Hindukush, Kunlun-Shan, Karakoram and northwestern Himalayas. Although its distribution comes into contact with those of the Menzbier's (M. menzbieri), grey (M. baibacina) and Himalayan marmots (M. himalayana), they are not known to hybridise. Among its three subspecies, M. c. aurea is widespread and found in all countries where the species occurs, only being absent from the regions inhabited by the two remaining subspecies. M. c. c
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropholis%20caudata
Micropholis caudata is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to non-flooded Amazonian forest habitat, in Amazonas state of the Amazon region and northeastern Brazil. It is a Critically endangered species on the IUCN Red List. References caudata Endemic flora of Brazil Flora of the Amazon Environment of Amazonas (Brazilian state) Critically endangered flora of South America Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitrephora%20caudata
Mitrephora caudata is a species of flowering plant in the family Annonaceae. It is endemic to the Philippines. References Flora of the Philippines caudata Vulnerable plants Endemic flora of the Philippines Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberknife%20%28device%29
The CyberKnife System is a radiation therapy device manufactured by Accuray Incorporated. The system is used to deliver radiosurgery for the treatment of benign tumors, malignant tumors and other medical conditions. Device The device combines a compact linear accelerator mounted on a robotic manipulator and an integrated image guidance system. The image guidance system acquires stereoscopic kV images during treatment, tracks tumor motion and guides the robotic manipulator to precisely and accurately align the treatment beam to the moving tumor. The system is designed for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). The system is also used for select 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). History The system was invented by Stanford University and Peter and Russell Schonberg of Schonberg Research Corporation. It was a development of the first 3D irradiation treatment realized with a linear accelerator producing 4 MeV X rays at that time still used only on planar dimensions as a CAT, by the physicist Renzo Carlo Avanzo in the hospital of Vicenza (Italy). The Cyberknife was the first dedicated linear accelerator increasing precision and decreasing the time of the treatment. The first system was installed at Stanford University in 1991 and was cleared by the FDA for clinical investigation in 1994. After years of clinical investigation the FDA cleared the system for the treatment of intracranial tumors in 1999 and for the treatment of tumors anywhere in the body in 2001. Since the original design, Accuray Incorporated released seven CyberKnife System models over the years: the CyberKnife G3 System in 2005, the CyberKnife G4 System in 2007, the CyberKnife VSI System in 2009, the CyberKnife M6 System in 2012, and the CyberKnife S7 System in 2020. Clinical application The system is used to treat tumors of the pancreas, liver, prostate, spine, cancer of the throat and brain, and benign tumors. See also Image-guided radiation therapy Horsley–Clarke apparatus Gamma knife Robotic surgery References External links Accuray Inc. Further reading Principles and Practice of Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Lawrence Chin, MD and William Regine, MD, Editors (2008) Radiation therapy procedures Neurosurgery Surgical robots Robots of the United States 1990 robots
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Get%20Real%21
Get Real! is a reality themed programming block on the Canadian television channel YTV. It premiered September 8, 2007, and broadcasts on Saturdays from 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. ET. Starting in 2008, the block also airs on Fridays, from the same time as the Saturday airing. Friday also became the night for premiere episodes of shows in the block, it now serves as a transition from YTV's The Zone block, into Bionix. This block is no longer formally airing in a specific timeslot on YTV. The shows that aired within the block are now grouped together and airing on different days throughout the schedule. Programs Broadcast on Get Real! The Adrenaline Project Ghost Trackers Mystery Hunters Prank Patrol Endurance (TV series) References External links Television programming blocks in Canada YTV (Canadian TV channel) original programming
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide%20area%20application%20services
Cisco Wide Area Application Services (WAAS) is technology developed by Cisco Systems that optimizes the performance of any TCP-based application operating in a wide area network (WAN) environment while preserving and strengthening branch security. WAAS combines WAN optimization, acceleration of TCP-based applications, and Cisco's Wide Area File Services (WAFS) in a single appliance or blade. It is Cisco's attempt to keep WAN optimization residing firmly in the router, eliminating the need to deploy acceleration appliances throughout the infrastructure. The technology preserves TCP information within the network while offering the performance benefits that come along with using WAN optimization technology. WAN optimization appliances have traditionally limited IT when it comes to maintaining functions such as security, quality of service, visibility, and monitoring end-to-end transactions because they tend to cause problems for most network monitoring devices and tools. By design, WAN Optimization “confuses” performance monitoring systems by changing packet header data. Latest Release Cisco's latest WAAS software release, announced at the 2007 Cisco Networkers conference, is the industry's first solution for both end-to-end monitoring and acceleration of application traffic. Notes References http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps5680/Products_Sub_Category_Home.html http://www.networkworld.com/supp/2007/ndc4/061807-cisco-app-optimization.html?nlhtc=0618ciscoalert1& http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/marketwire/0281495.htm WAAS up with Cisco's WAN Optimization Initiative? Wide area networks Network performance Cisco products
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unione%20Corse
The Unione Corse is a term designating the Corsican organized crime as a whole during the period 1930s–1970s, in the context of the French Connection, an international heroin trade network operated at that time between Turkey, Southern France, and the United States. A 1972 Time article described the "Unione Corse" as a Corsican-based unified and secretive crime syndicate akin to the American Five Families. The local situation in Southern France during this period was in reality more complex, with a nebula of mainly Corsican and Italian-French clans cooperating or fighting each other according to the circumstances and opportunities. If they constituted a key element of the wider French Connection, flooding the American market with Marseille-produced heroin from the 1950s to early 1970s, those clans remained overshadowed by the much more powerful Italian-American Mafia. History French Connection The geographic location of Marseille and Corsica in the Mediterranean led them to become strategic points of the French Connection from the early 1950s up until the early 1970s. Corsican and Italian mobsters Paul Carbone and François Spirito, who dominated organised crime in Marseille in the 1930s, had laid the foundations of the French segment by setting up the first opium processing chain intended for the United States. The international drug route Turkey–Marseille–New York flourished after the early 1950s, when it was structured by mobster Lucky Luciano and the Italian-American mafia after their previous source, legal Italian pharmaceutical production hijacked by the Camorra, was shut down in 1951.Morphine base, derived from the cultivation of poppies, was smuggled in from Turkey by boat, before being transformed into heroin by local chemists in the Marseille area, and from there was shipped to its final destination, the large and growing American market. Heroin produced at that time in Marseille was reputed to be 98% pure. It is estimated that around 80% of the heroin consumed in the United States by the early 1970s had been smuggled in from France. By the early 1960s, this figure was 90%. The French Connection was eventually broken up by French and American authorities in the early 1970s, in the context of the "war on drugs" campaign launched by Richard Nixon in 1971. French judge Pierre Michel, whose investigations were decisive in breaking up the traffic in Southern France, was assassinated in 1981 in Marseille. The French Connection was mainly managed on its French section by Italo-Corsican clans. The latter did not control the whole traffic and participated in it in response to a call for tender from the Sicilians in New York. According to scholar Laurent Mucchielli, they rather constituted the local segment of a vast international network and were commercial partners, or even subcontractors, of the much more powerful Italian-American Cosa Nostra. Influence and structure In 1972, a year after the release of the film The French Connection, a
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Box%20Plus%20Network
The Box Plus Network (formerly Video Jukebox Network International Ltd and Box Television Ltd) was a British television company owned by Channel Four Television Corporation, it specialised in music programming. On 2 April 2013, all The Box Plus Network channels went free-to-air on satellite, apart from 4Music which went free-to-view. On 8 January 2019, Channel 4 acquired Bauer Media Group's 50% stake in the company to take full ownership of The Box Plus Network. The same year in July, operations of Box Plus moved into Channel 4's main business operations. The company was based in Victoria in London. Current channels The Box The Box is well known for its First Play feature, where many videos often make their UK or world première. This new music is often shown through the Box Fresh show on the channel. Box Africa In July 2012, Box Television launched a 24-hour pan-African music channel. The channel focuses on international and local music from across the African continent. It is available in 15 countries across Africa. Box Television has also made available its other major channels across Africa. Kiss Kiss TV is a commercial music television channel from Box Television available on the Freesat, Sky and Virgin Media digital TV platforms. The playlist covers a wide range of rhythmic music including: urban, grime, electronic, dance, hip hop and R&B, although since its relaunch in Summer 2006, (and the launch of a sister channel Q) it has begun to focus more on dance music once again. It is based on format of the Kiss brand from Bauer which also exists in the Kiss Radio station. Magic Magic TV plays mainly easy listening music videos from the 1980s to 2000s and sometimes 1970s as well. It is based on format of the Magic brand from Bauer which exists in the Magic Radio station and Magic branded CDs. Kerrang! Kerrang! specialises in Rock Music. As of 2005, all of its programme content is music videos, the majority of which is open scheduled, for text requests from their playlist. It is based on format of Kerrang! brand from Bauer which also exists in Kerrang Radio and Kerrang! magazine. 4Music 4Music is the only Channel 4-branded channel within the Box Plus Network and showcases a range of pop centring on chart hits and current favourites, along with, until 2022, a range of comedy and reality TV programmes from Channel 4 and E4. The channel was formerly available free-to-air on the British digital terrestrial television service Freeview on channel 30. On June 29, 2022, the channel moved to the slot accompanied by Box Hits, while its current slot was used to launch E4 Extra. With this, the channel was fully transitioned back to an all-music schedule. Defunct channels Box Hits Box Hits (formerly Smash Hits) broadcast general mainstream pop music from the past few years. Formally called Smash Hits, it took its name and format of the Smash Hits brand from Bauer which existed in Smash Hits Radio and once ran as a magazine. It shut down on 29
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teresa%20Cheng
Teresa Cheng is an animation producer specifically skilled in computer graphics and most famously known for her work on Shrek Forever After, Madagascar, Batman & Robin, and True Lies. She has worked with major agencies such as Warner Brothers Studios, DreamWorks, assumed the role of general manager for Lucasfilm Animation, and most recently has become chair of the John C. Hench Division of Animation and Digital Arts at the USC School of Cinematic Arts. Biography Cheng was born in Hong Kong but moved to Seattle, Washington to attend University of Washington where she earned her Bachelor of Arts in Communications in 1979. She landed her first job in Toronto with CBC Television, Canada's largest broadcasting network. There, she was introduced to computer graphics, and from that she got her next jobs as a commercial producer for both Digital Domain and Rhythm and Hues. At Digital Domain, Cheng moved from commercials to visual effects on feature films. She began her feature animation career with DreamWorks where she stayed for 17 years and held various positions as a producer and a studio executive. More recently Cheng's professional roles have specialized in Asia. She has worked as the general manager for Industrial Light & Magic Singapore, a division of Lucasfilm, and had a collaborative role in DreamWorks U.S. and Oriental DreamWorks, which was just established in Shanghai in 2012. Since the start of her career, Cheng has had 20 years of experience within both the film and commercial industry. One of her first contributions was her Rhythm and Hues work on the computer generated polar bears in the Coca-Cola commercials and since has worked on numerous well-known films and television series. Perhaps Cheng's most prestigious contribution is her work on Dreamwork's Shrek series, the 12th highest grossing franchise of all time and the highest grossing animated franchise. She is knowledgeable about the studio, facility, business, and global aspects of the animation industry. Cheng has occupied many leadership roles. At her first job at CBC, she started as promos producer and finished as the graphic design manager. At DreamWorks she occupied many positions such as production manager, head of production, and producer. She has been nominated in the VES awards for Outstanding Animation in an Animated Feature Motion Picture. In 2010, Teresa Cheng was included in the Producers Guild of America's Digital 25: Visionaries, Innovators and Producers list for her work on Shrek Forever After and was listed amongst names such as Steve Jobs and James Cameron. The Digital 25 list recognizes advances in Internet, interactive television, digital effects, gaming, and home entertainment. Filmography True Lies (1994): Digital Effects Producer Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls (1995): Digital Production Supervisor Batman Forever (1995): Digital Effects Producer Batman & Robin (1997): Visual Effects Production Supervisor Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron (2002): Production Ma
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configurable%20Network%20Computing
Configurable Network Computing or CNC is JD Edwards's (JDE) client–server proprietary architecture and methodology. Now a division of the Oracle Corporation, Oracle continues to sponsor ongoing development of the JD Edwards Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, While highly flexible, the CNC architecture is proprietary and, as such, it cannot be exported to any other systems. While the CNC architecture's chief 'Claim to fame', insulation of applications from the underlying database and operating systems, were largely superseded by modern web-based technology, nevertheless CNC technology continues to be at the heart of both JD Edwards' One World and Enterprise One architecture and will play a significant role Oracle's developing fusion architecture initiative. While a proprietary architecture, CNC is neither an Oracle nor JDE product offering. The term CNC also refers to the systems analysts who install, maintain, manage and enhance this architecture. CNC's are also one of the three technical areas in the JD Edwards Enterprise Resource Planning ERP which include developer/report writer and functional/business analysts. The CNC architecture Oracle is continuing to develop the CNC technology and will incorporate key elements of the CNC technology into its Oracle Fusion project which will pull together technologies from JDE, PeopleSoft and its own application software technologies. In the CNC architecture, a company's JD Edwards (JDE) business software applications run transparently insulated from both the database where the business data is stored as well as from the client computer's underlying operating system and all other intervening JDE business applications servers. In layman's terms, the business programs don't "care" where the data is or which operating system is being used on any of the end user computers. Neither do the applications servers on which business programs run need to directly "know" what database systems are being called on the data end or back end. The CNC architecture keeps track of this through various database tables that point the business applications to the servers that run or execute the business applications and also include database connection tools called database drivers that tell the system also where the database servers are and what specific databases to do lookups, data inserts and data extracts from. Because of the key nature of the underlying architecture, a sound CNC infrastructure is critical to the success of a JD Edwards OneWorld installation or implementation. The back-end databases that are supported include Oracle database, Microsoft SQL Server, and IBM DB2 databases. The application server can run on Windows platforms, Unix/Linux, and the IBM System i (formerly known as iSeries and AS/400). The web server can be IBM WebSphere (on Windows, Unix/Linux, or System i) or the Oracle Weblogic Server (on Windows or Unix/Linux). In what has been known traditionally as client–server environments, applica
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20Search%20of%20Dr.%20Riptide
In Search of Dr. Riptide is a side-scrolling video game developed by MindStorm Software for MS-DOS compatible operating systems and published by Pack Media in 1994. It is set in the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Plot Dr. Riptide is hell-bent on turning all of the world's marine life into high-protein slurry, and must be stopped. Nick, a secret naval agent, must navigate his way through both natural caves and man-carved tunnels in order to find Dr. Riptide. Nick battles many aquatic creatures including two giant marine life-based monsters, Oscar the giant bionic fish and Otis the giant octopus. On his journey he travels through the chambers and ruins of a Greco-Roman Lost City of Atlantis. All the while, Nick salvages for oxygen, ammunition, weapons and gold coins. Eventually Nick makes his way deep underwater, under many feet of coral, to the metal-encased laboratories of Dr. Riptide. There he battles the nefarious Doctor, who pilots a large, weapon-equipped submarine. Nick defeats Dr. Riptide, Riptide's submarine breaks down, and Nick tows him away to the authorities. Gameplay Nick uses two subs on his search. The main sub can be upgraded with four levels of torpedoes, a surfacing missile weapon and a utility that allows the main sub and JASON sub to attack simultaneously. The main sub picks up all items, while the JASON sub can only pick up treasures. The JASON sub is much smaller than the main sub and can be used to explore gaps too small for the main sub to enter and it can be used to completely evade the deadly octopus tentacles. The JASON sub has a power level indicating the limited time the JASON sub can part from the main sub. The JASON sub must reunite with main sub to recharge its power. The JASON can only reach the second torpedo level. To survive Nick must have oxygen. The oxygen level can be recharged by collecting oxygen items or surfacing the main sub. Collecting a shield item increases the shield level, but it decreases the torpedo weapon by one level. The pulse cannon can be obtained by collecting four parts (one from each following level). The pulse cannon is powerful, but it uses up oxygen. In most levels, the green key must be collected to access the route to the exit. Treasures can be found either floating around or contained in barrels and chests. When faced by a boss in each episode, a weak point must be hit repeatedly to destroy it. Reception Jeff James of Computer Player wrote, "It might not be the underwater equal of Ecco the Dolphin (cartridge game for the Sega Genesis), but it's definitely worth a few minutes of download time." He felt that "younger gamers should thoroughly enjoy" Riptide. References External links 1994 video games DOS games DOS-only games Side-scrolling video games Video games developed in the United States Video games set in Australia Video games set in Atlantis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-end%20loading
Front-end loading (FEL), also referred to as pre-project planning (PPP), , feasibility analysis, conceptual planning, programming/schematic design and early project planning, is the process for conceptual development of projects in processing industries such as upstream oil and gas, petrochemical, natural gas refining, extractive metallurgy, waste-to-energy, and pharmaceuticals. This involves developing sufficient strategic information with which owners can address risk and make decisions to commit resources in order to maximize the potential for success. Front-end loading includes robust planning and design early in a project's lifecycle (i.e., the front end of a project), at a time when the ability to influence changes in design is relatively high and the cost to make those changes is relatively low. It typically applies to industries with highly capital intensive, long lifecycle projects (i.e., hundreds of millions or billions of dollars over several years before any revenue is produced). Though it often adds a small amount of time and cost to the early portion of a project, these costs are minor compared to the alternative of the costs and effort required to make changes at a later stage in the project. It also typically uses a stage-gate process, whereby a project must pass through formal gates at well defined milestones within the project's lifecycle before receiving funding to proceed to the next stage of work. The quality of front-end planning can be improved through the use of PDRI (Project Definition Rating Index) as a part of the stage-gate process. Front-end loading is usually followed by detailed design or detailed engineering. FEL Stages It is common industry practice to divide front-end-loading activities into three stages: FEL-1, FEL-2, and FEL-3. For each stage, typical deliverables are listed given below : Another FEL methodology splits the project into four phases: FEL-1: Options Study or Index Engineering. This answers the question, "what are my options to achieve my project goals?". For example, in the processing of nickel laterite ore, it might be possible to build either a pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical processing plant. This stage would study both options and recommend the best one based on the specific project requirements. Gate 1: Option Selection. The project owner selects which FEL1 option will be developed further, based on input from their engineers. FEL-2: Feasibility Study or Conceptual Engineering. The selected option is developed up to a pre-defined level of detail not yet sufficient for construction and operation, but enough to develop a cost estimate, a schedule estimate, and to make any critical decisions that will influence the final design of the plant. Gate 2: Approval for Basic Engineering. Based on the conceptual design and cost and schedule estimates, the project owner will decide whether or not to proceed with the plant. FEL-3: FEED (Front-End Engineering Design) or Basic Eng
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPCOT%20Magazine
EPCOT Magazine was an American newsmagazine television program that aired on The Disney Channel, premiering on the channel's first day of programming on April 18, 1983. Format Originating from EPCOT Center in Florida, host Michael Young, along with a different celebrity co-host, would present segments on focusing on topical news and entertainment, with subjects ranging from art, food, fashion, and travel. In 1984, a special two-part episode featured a visit to the Walt Disney Archives. The series ran for an hour on weekday afternoons, with a half-hour evening edition and a full-hour weekend edition presenting recaps of the week's stories. See also References External links EPCOT Magazine intro 1983 American television series debuts 1986 American television series endings Television series by Disney Disney Channel original programming Epcot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Madison%20University%20College%20of%20Business
The College of Business is the business school of James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia. It is a fully accredited business school that offers undergraduate degrees in accounting, computer information systems, business analytics, economics, finance and business law, international business, management, marketing, and quantitative finance. Additionally, the College of Business offers two master of business administration programs – an Innovation MBA program and an Information Security MBA program. The college also offers a master of science in accounting. It has received recognitions and awards from multiple organizations, including being listed in BusinessWeek's Top 5% Undergraduate Programs and the 40th best business school in the United States. Its facilities are located in Zane Showker Hall on the southwestern part of JMU's campus. History The College of Business at JMU was first accredited in the 80s by The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. The graduate and undergraduate programs in accounting and business were reaccredited in 2012. Academic program Each student majoring in one of the college's fields must take a core set of classes referred to as the Bachelor of Business Administration Core. At the end of their sophomore year, students apply for admission into the College of Business. Admission into the college is competitive and students must achieve a 2.7 grade point average in the COB prerequisite courses to be considered for admission. These classes are taken throughout the student's career culminating in a course called COB 300, which is a 12-credit integrated class where the student connects the fundamentals of business in four functional areas: management, marketing, operations, and finance. Students are separated into groups for the task of creating a business plan for a business they create. The grade on the business plan factors into the student's final grades in all four COB 300 courses. The program prides itself on having a "no entitlement mentality" that provides students with "a dose of a practical business environment." Accounting The School of Accounting is an academic unit of the College of Business. The School of Accounting offers a Bachelor of Business Administration degree and a Master of Science degree in accounting (MSA). Most students choose to receive both degrees and thereby satisfy the 150 semester hours of education required in most states to be eligible to sit for the CPA exam. The JMU MSA program is ranked as the number one university in the country in pass rate for the Certified Public Accounting (CPA) exam, according to the 2011 National Association of State Boards of Accountancy report. Computer information systems and business analytics The computer information systems and business analytics program at James Madison University educates students for careers in IT and technology management. CIS graduates are successful in understanding both technical and organizational fact
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperFun
HyperFun (from Hyperdimensional Functions) is a programming language and software used to create, visualize, and fabricate volumetric 3D and higher-dimensional models. The team maintaining the HyperFun project is a freely associated group of researchers and students from different countries from all over the world (UK, Russia, France, Japan, Norway, USA, and others) called the Digital Materialization Group (digitalmaterial.org). Overview HyperFun allows users to easily model objects of the quality found in reality and nature. The system is based on a new mathematical framework for geometry, function representation (FRep), which provides a uniform method to model both surface geometry and internal composition simultaneously. It is also a compact and precise framework that can represent objects with unlimited complexity and properties. Compared to traditional modeling systems, HyperFun is able to digitally describe, create and modify models of any real or imagined object or environment. Concepts Technically, complex geometric objects in HyperFun are constructed from simple primitives on which various operations are performed. Any object in three-dimensional space is defined by a function of point coordinates F(x,y,z). This continuous real function is positive inside the object, negative outside, and takes zero value on its surface. Similarly, a multidimensional object is defined by a function of several variables F(x1, x2, x3, ..., xn). For example, an object changing over time can be defined by F(x,y,z,t) with t representing time. Attributes such as color or material density are also defined by corresponding functions. This constitutes the new paradigm of procedural function-based volume modeling and rendering, where an object's shape and properties are locally evaluated on request using black box procedures. Notes and references External links HyperFun Project Web site Digital Materialization Group Modelling Animation Games and Effects research group at the National Centre for Computer Animation Geometric algorithms 3D graphics software Domain-specific programming languages
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20Organisation%20for%20Railway%20Electrification
The Central Organisation for Railway Electrification (CORE) is the unit of Indian Railways responsible for electrification of the network. The organisation, founded in 1979, is headquartered in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. Project units operate in Ambala, Bangalore, Chennai, Secunderabad, Lucknow, Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Danapur, and New Jalpaiguri. CORE headquarters has Electrical, Signal and Telecommunications (S&T), Civil Engineering, Stores, Personnel, Vigilance and Finance departments. Railway Electrification project units are headed by Chief Project Directors. Indian Railways had electrified 59,524 route kilometres (RKM) which is about 90% of the total broad gauge network of Indian Railways (65,300 RKM, including Konkan Railway) by 1 August 2023. Indian Railway aims to electrify all of its broad gauge network by December 2023. The entire electrified mainline rail network in India uses 25 kV AC; DC is used only for metros and trams. History 1500 V DC Railway electrification in India began with the first electric train (1500 V DC), between Bombay Victoria Terminus and Kurla on the Great Indian Peninsula Railway's (GIPR) Harbour Line, on 3 February 1925. Steep grades on the Western Ghats necessitated the introduction of electric traction on the GIPR to Igatpuri on the North East Line and to Pune on the South East Line. 1500 V DC traction was introduced on the suburban section of the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway between Colaba and Borivili on 5 January 1928, and between Madras Beach and Tambaram of the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway on 11 May 1931, to meet growing traffic needs. The last sections of 1500 V DC in India, from Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Mumbai to Panvel and Thane to Vashi, were upgraded to 25 kV AC in April 2016. 3000 V DC The electrification of the Howrah-Burdwan section of the Eastern Railway zone at 3000 V DC was completed in 1958. The first 3000 V DC EMU service began on the Howrah-Sheoraphuli section on 14 December 1957. The last section of 3000 V DC in India, from Howrah to Burdwan, was upgraded to 25 kV AC in 1968. 25 kV AC 25 kV AC railway electrification emerged as an economical form of electrification as a result of research and trials in Europe, particularly on French Railways (SNCF). Indian Railways decided to adopt the 25 kV AC system of electrification as a standard in 1957, with SNCF as their consultant in the early stages, later taken over by the "50 c/s Group". The joint venture was founded in 1954 by several European railway manufacturers and was dedicated to the development and construction of locomotives powered by 50 Hz alternating current. It arranged the supply contracts for the WAM-1, WAG-1 and WAG-3 locomotives and their spare parts. The first section electrified with the 25 kV AC system was Raj Kharswan–Dongoaposi, on the South Eastern Railway zone, and the first electric train ran on 15 December 1959. The first 25 kV AC EMUs, for Kolkata suburban service, was introduced in September
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20All%20Saints%20episodes
All Saints is an Australian television medical drama that premiered on the Seven Network on 24 February 1998. The series aired for twelve seasons, and focused on the fictional lives of doctors and nurses as they dealt with the everyday medical issues that came through the doors of Ward 17, and later in the series, the Emergency Department. The show was created by Bevan Lee and John Holmes, who served as the script executive and executive producer, respectively. The series was produced by Jo Porter, Di Drew, MaryAnne Carroll and Bill Hughes. Episodes were broadcast on Tuesday nights at 8:30 pm Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST) for the first ten seasons. The eleventh and twelfth seasons aired after Packed to the Rafters on Tuesday nights at 9:30 pm AEST. All episodes were approximately forty-five minutes, excluding commercials. The first three seasons of the series were broadcast in 4:3, standard definition. The final nine seasons were broadcast in 16:9 in both high definition and standard. In 2014, the complete series was made readily available to stream in America on Hulu. In 2015, the first five seasons were made available for viewing on Presto in Australia. From 2016, reruns of All Saints are currently shown on the Seven Network’s youth-and-retro-oriented network, 7flix. Series overview Episode list Season 1 (1998) Season 2 (1999) Season 3 (2000) Season 4 (2001) Season 5 (2002) Season 6 (2003) Season 7 (2004) Season 8 (2005) Season 9 (2006) Season 10 (2007) Season 11 (2008) Season 12 (2009) See also All Saints (TV series) List of All Saints characters References General Zuk, T. All Saints: episode guide, Australian Television Information Archive. Retrieved 24 April 2008. TV.com editors. All Saints – Episode Guide, TV.com. Retrieved 24 April 2008. Specific All Saints Episodes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hub%20VV%20Drama
Hub VV Drama (formerly known as VarietyVision, officially launched on 1 April 1992 and officially dissolved on 31 May 1995) is a cable television StarHub TV on Channel 855. Its programming consists solely of drama series from Hong Kong, China, South Korea and Taiwan, dubbed or Subtitles into Chinese. There are no commercial breaks during programmes. StarHub TV on channel 856 as VV Drama+3 a showing dramas they air 3-hours before at a 3-hours later timeslot until 28 July 2015. This channel is owned by StarHub TV, alongside Astro Sensasi, Hub Sports Arena, Hub Sports and Hub E City. This channel celebrated its 20th anniversary to new timeslots including a new Japanese drama timeslot on Friday at 22:30 SST. Commercial breaks There are usually 1-minute commercial breaks in after the ending and before the beginning of each episode when 2 to 5 episodes of the same drama were broadcast back-to-back. Due to this scheme of not having commercial breaks during programmes, the show usually ends at about 45 minutes after the show has started to marks the end of the episode of each drama series, making the run of an episode faster than the typical one hour (60 minutes) including commercials. See also StarHub TV List of VV Drama dramas in 2013 References External links Starhub CableTV programme guide Television stations in Singapore Television channels and stations established in 1992
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE%20style
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) style is a widely accepted format for writing research papers, commonly used in technical fields, particularly in computer science. IEEE style is based on the Chicago Style. In IEEE style, citations are numbered, but citation numbers are included in the text in square brackets rather than as superscripts. All bibliographical information is exclusively included in the list of references at the end of the document, next to the respective citation number. References External links Article Preparation and Submission – IEEE author resources IEEE Template – Transactions template and instructions on how to create your article (DOC, 292 KB) IEEE Editorial Style Manual – Editing guidelines for Transactions, Journals, and Letters (PDF, 437 KB) IEEE Standards Style Manual – Style and structure manual for IEEE standards: 2014 IEEE-SA Style Manual (PDF, 1.1 MB) IEEE Citation Reference – official (PDF, 440KB) IEEE format Citation Generator (eng.), KingCitation (September 26, 2015) Style Bibliography Style guides for technical and scientific writing Academic style guides
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP%20fragmentation%20attack
IP fragmentation attacks are a kind of computer security attack based on how the Internet Protocol (IP) requires data to be transmitted and processed. Specifically, it invokes IP fragmentation, a process used to partition messages (the service data unit (SDU); typically a packet) from one layer of a network into multiple smaller payloads that can fit within the lower layer's protocol data unit (PDU). Every network link has a maximum size of messages that may be transmitted, called the maximum transmission unit (MTU). If the SDU plus metadata added at the link layer exceeds the MTU, the SDU must be fragmented. IP fragmentation attacks exploit this process as an attack vector. Part of the TCP/IP suite is the Internet Protocol (IP) which resides at the Internet Layer of this model. IP is responsible for the transmission of packets between network end points. IP includes some features which provide basic measures of fault-tolerance (time to live, checksum), traffic prioritization (type of service) and support for the fragmentation of larger packets into multiple smaller packets (ID field, fragment offset). The support for fragmentation of larger packets provides a protocol allowing routers to fragment a packet into smaller packets when the original packet is too large for the supporting datalink frames. IP fragmentation exploits (attacks) use the fragmentation protocol within IP as an attack vector. According to [Kurose 2013], in one type of IP fragmentation attack "the attacker sends a stream of small fragments to the target host, none of which has an offset of zero. The target can collapse as it attempts to rebuild datagrams out of the degenerate packets." Another attack involves sending overlapping fragments with non-aligned offsets, which can render vulnerable operating systems not knowing what to do, causing some to crash. Process IP packets are encapsulated in datalink frames, and, therefore, the link MTU affects larger IP packets and forces them to be split into pieces equal to or smaller than the MTU size. This can be accomplished by several approaches: To set the IP packet size equal or smaller than the directly attached medium and delegate all further fragmentation of packets to routers, meaning that routers decide if the current packet should be re-fragmented or not. This offloads a lot of work on to routers, and can also result in packets being segmented by several IP routers one after another, resulting in very peculiar fragmentation. To preview all links between source and destination and select the smallest MTU in this route, assuming there is a unique route. This way we make sure that the fragmentation is done by the sender, using a packet-size smaller than the selected MTU, and there is no further fragmentation en route. This solution, called Path MTU Discovery, allows a sender to fragment/segment a long Internet packet, rather than relying on routers to perform IP-level fragmentation. This is more efficient and more sca
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber%20University
is a private Japanese university. All of its courses are offered online, although it has a physical campus at Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture. The first president of the university is archeologist Sakuji Yoshimura. External links Official website Educational institutions established in 2007 2007 establishments in Japan Private universities and colleges in Japan Online universities and colleges Universities and colleges in Fukuoka Prefecture Distance education institutions based in Japan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20May
David May may refer to: David May (merchant) (1848–1927), American businessman David May (computer scientist) (born 1951), British computer scientist David May (footballer) (born 1970), English footballer Dave May (1943–2012), baseball player David N. May, (born 1971), American judge See also David Mays (disambiguation) David Mayer (disambiguation) David Meyer (disambiguation)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna%E2%80%93Florence%20high-speed%20railway
The Bologna–Florence high-speed railway is a link in the Italian high-speed rail network. It is part of Corridor 1 of the European Union's Trans-European high-speed rail network, which connects Berlin and Palermo. Full commercial operations commenced on 5 December 2009. High-speed passenger trains take 37 minutes over the route compared to about 59 minutes previously. The line's northern end is at Bologna Centrale railway station and it connects with the Milan–Bologna high-speed line and lines to Venice (Padua–Bologna railway) and Verona (Verona–Bologna railway), respectively. Its southern end is at Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station and it connects with the Florence–Rome high-speed line. It is largely used by high-speed passenger trains, while the majority of goods trains have continued to use the old Bologna–Florence railway, known as the Direttissima. Since 2018, high speed freight services have also been run upon the line. History Background Prior to the construction of the Bologna–Florence high-speed railway, the existing Bologna–Florence railway, popularly known as the Direttissima, had been handling the majority of this traffic at a primary trunk route. This line, which had been completed in 1934, had been built as a superior alternative to the nineteenth century Pistoia–Bologna railway, providing both higher speeds and additional capacity to traffic. However, by the 1980s, it was becoming clear that the capacity of both of these railways were becoming saturated, and that the existing infrastructure would not be able to accommodate much more growth in demand, particularly in light of changing operational circumstances. While capable for the era in which they were built, neither line conformed with the increasingly high standards of modern European railways, and there was a political desire for Italy's core railway network to be upgraded to these same standards to improve service levels and to better integrate with the continental high speed network. Even in light of this willingness to construct a new national high speed railway network, the Bologna-Florence route was recognised as posing particular difficulty. The region's terrain had long challenged numerous civil engineers when building most forms of infrastructure, it directly confronted any effort to build a straighter railway (necessary for high speed operations), particularly the flatter gradients that were typically sought. As such, it was determined that the successful construction of the Bologna-Florence high speed line would constitutes the greatest design and construction commitment of the whole national network. Construction During 1992, Treno Alta Velocità (TAV), a special subsidiary of the Italian railway infrastructure company Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI) was granted a concession for the design, construction and management of Italy's new high speed railway lines for a period of 50 years. In turn, TAV selected several engineering companies as general contr
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIA%20Nano
The VIA Nano (formerly code-named VIA Isaiah) is a 64-bit CPU for personal computers. The VIA Nano was released by VIA Technologies in 2008 after five years of development by its CPU division, Centaur Technology. This new Isaiah 64-bit architecture was designed from scratch, unveiled on 24 January 2008, and launched on 29 May, including low-voltage variants and the Nano brand name. The processor supports a number of VIA-specific x86 extensions designed to boost efficiency in low-power appliances. History Unlike Intel and AMD, VIA uses two distinct development code names for each of its CPU cores. In this case, the codename 'CN' was used in the United States by Centaur Technology. Biblical names are used as codes by VIA in Taiwan, and Isaiah was the choice for this particular processor and architecture. It is expected that the VIA Isaiah will be twice as fast in integer performance and four times as fast in floating-point performance as the previous-generation VIA Esther at an equivalent clock speed. Power consumption is also expected to be on par with the previous-generation VIA CPUs, with thermal design power ranging from 5 W to 25 W. Being a completely new design, the Isaiah architecture was built with support for features like the x86-64 instruction set and x86 virtualization which were unavailable on its predecessors, the VIA C7 line, while retaining their encryption extensions. Several independent tests showed that the VIA Nano performs better than the single-core Intel Atom across a variety of workloads. In a 2008 Ars Technica test, a VIA Nano gained significant performance in memory subsystem after its CPUID changed to Intel, hinting at the possibility that the benchmark software only checks the CPUID instead of the actual features supported by the CPU to choose a code path. The benchmark software used had been released before the release of VIA Nano. On November 3, 2009, VIA launched the Nano 3000 series. VIA claims that these models can offer a 20% performance boost and 20% more energy efficiency than the Nano 1000 and 2000 series. Benchmarks run by VIA claim that a 1.6 GHz 3000-series Nano can outperform the ageing Intel Atom N270 by about 40–54%. The 3000 series adds the SSE4 SIMD instruction set extensions, which were first introduced with 45 nm revisions of the Intel Core 2 architecture. On November 11, 2011, VIA released the VIA Nano X2 Dual-Core Processor with their first ever dual core pico-itx mainboard. The VIA Nano X2 is built on a 40 nm process and supports the SSE4 SIMD instruction set extensions, critical to modern floating point dependent applications. Via claims 30% higher performance in comparison to Intel's Atom with a 50% higher clock. The Zhaoxin joint venture processors, released from 2014, are based on the VIA Nano series. Features x86-64 instruction set Clock speed from 1 GHz to 2 GHz Bus speed of 533 MHz or 800 MHz (1066 MHz for Nano x2) 64 KB data and 64 KB instructions L1 cache and 1 MB L2 cache per
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrail%20%28company%29
Contrail was a Japanese video game production company best known for their work on Legend of Legaia and Wild Arms 2. It was formed on 16 October 1997 as an internal production studio of Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. with Takahiro Kaneko as head. Between 1998 and 2000, Contrail oversaw the development of several PlayStation titles from external developers until SCEI integrated its operations back into the main company in August 2000. Games produced References External links PlayStation Studios Video game development companies Video game companies established in 1997 Video game companies disestablished in 2000 Defunct video game companies of Japan Japanese companies established in 1997 Japanese companies disestablished in 2000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaris%20%28poker%20bot%29
Polaris is a Texas hold 'em poker playing program developed by the computer poker research group at the University of Alberta, a project that has been under way for 16 years as of 2007. Polaris is a composite program consisting of a number of bots, including Hyperborean08, the winner of the limit equilibrium series in the 2008 Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) Computer Poker Competition. Polaris also contains a number of other fixed strategies, and chooses between these strategies during a match. Polaris requires little computational power at match time, so it is run on an Apple MacBook Pro laptop during competitions. Polaris plays only heads-up (two player) Limit Texas hold'em. Play against professionals On July 23–24, 2007, Polaris played against poker professionals Phil Laak and Ali Eslami at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Vancouver, B.C. The competition consisted of four duplicate matches, with 500 hands per match. In each duplicate match, the same cards were dealt to both pairs of players, human and bot, but with the seating reversed. This meant that if Polaris had poor hands in one half of the match against Laak, the other copy of Polaris would be getting good cards in the other half of the match against Eslami. This was done to reduce variance, or "luck factor", as neither team could say they got the worse set of cards. The two players were in separate rooms to eliminate the chance of the audience revealing information about the hands, which would be especially problematic in a duplicate match. Laak had previously played the Polaris predecessor Vexbot in 2005 in a prior tournament. Laak admitted to luck playing a part in his victory over Vexbot. After roughly 64 hours, Polaris tied the first round, won the second and lost the last two. One of the lost matches was against a learning variant which tried to switch between a few styles of play, while all of the remainder were against large, static, randomized sets of rules which approximate a pair of Nash equilibrium strategies. Laak and Eslami split $1 for the two wins, and $2,500 for the draw. On July 3–6, 2008, Polaris competed against six human professional poker players in the Second Man-Machine Poker Championship, held in Las Vegas at the 2008 Gaming Life Expo. Polaris defeated the human players with three wins, two losses and one tie. Each of the six sessions was a duplicate match of 500 hands against two different players, resulting in six thousand hands played. Across all six sessions, Polaris won 195 big blinds. The version of Polaris used in the 2008 match was much stronger than the 2007 version, both in the quality of the component strategies and in its ability to learn which component strategy to use. See also Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence Computer poker players Cepheus (poker bot) Claudico Libratus References External links Official site includes hand histories, a copy of the live blog that was updated throughout
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutton%20for%20Punishment
Glutton for Punishment is a program on Food Network hosted by Bob Blumer and produced by Paperny Entertainment. The show features the host competing in various daunting, food-related challenges. He is given five days to become proficient enough in the episode's featured specialty, then his newly acquired skills are put to the test by matching him up against champions and experts in the field. In several competitions, Bob Blumer surprises by qualifying ahead of many pros—and he sometimes even wins. When he is not doing so well, he acknowledges the difficulty he has, often with self-deprecating humour. Bob recently broke the Guinness world record for the largest bowl of salsa at the Jacksonville, Texas, 26th Tomato Fest on June 12, 2010. The final bowl weighed in at 2,672 pounds. The feat was filmed for Season 5 of "Glutton," during which Bob attempted to break six world's records. Episodes Season 1 Season 2 Season 3 Season 4 Season 5 (Record-Breaking Edition) Bob will attempt to break Guinness World Records. References External links The Official Food Network Site The Official Food Network Canada Site The Official Glutton For Punishment Site Review of the show Production website Food Network (Canadian TV channel) original programming 2000s Canadian cooking television series 2010s Canadian cooking television series 2007 Canadian television series debuts 2011 Canadian television series endings Television series by Entertainment One
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientology%20Missions%20International
Scientology Missions International (SMI) is a Californian 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation, which is located in Los Angeles, California. SMI is part of the Church of Scientology network. While being a corporation, SMI is also a management entity, which is ecclesiastically integrated within the mother church of Scientology, the Church of Scientology International. SMI runs on a worldwide basis the so-called "Scientology Missions", which are beginner organizations within the Church of Scientology network. These Missions offer basic Dianetics and Scientology services to Scientology members and to the general public. The official website of SMI states the following about Scientology Missions and the functions of SMI: ... [A] Scientology Mission is the entrance point in Scientology for people of all faiths and walks of life. Here, people become introduced to Dianetics and Scientology technology. ... Scientology missions also preside over naming ceremonies, officiate over marriages and funerals and are there to assists those in distress. ... To assist missions in these endeavors, Scientology Missions International (SMI) was formed to act as the mother church for all missions. SMI's international offices provide guidance, help and direction for existing missions through a global network of continental offices. Through training manuals, apprenticeships, direct consultation, magazines, newsletters, promotion and a wealth of other materials, SMI provides the wherewithal new and existing missions need to function and expand. ..." In a 1993 memorandum by the Church of Scientology International, the following information was provided to the Internal Revenue Service with regards to SMI's role, its personnel and its income: ... Missions ..., nearly 100 in the United States alone and over 250 worldwide, minister the lowest levels of religious services to parishioners within their localities. Missions are under the ecclesiastical authority of SMI, which in turn is under the ecclesiastical authority of CSI. SMI itself has a staff of approximately 26 individuals and an annual budget of approximately $2.6 million, based on its annual disbursements for the most recent year for which financial statements are available...." Corporate information SMI was incorporated on December 22, 1981, in Los Angeles, California by its Trustees William J. Duckhorn, Edward E. Brewer and Cecilia P. Murray. On June 17, 1982, the Board of Trustees amended the Articles of Incorporation. The day after, on June 18, 1982, SMI's Board of Directors, then consisting of Roger C. Barnes, Karen Sue Campbell and Howard D. Becker, adopted the Bylaws of the newly created organization. On September 21, 1993, the following individuals held corporate positions at SMI: The Board of Trustees was composed of Jonathan Epstein, Jessica Pruitt and Pablo Lobato. The members of SMI's Board of Directors at that time were Jean Discher, Bernard Radburn and Claire Edwards. SMI's President was Jean Discher, i
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FusionFall
Cartoon Network Universe: FusionFall was a massively multiplayer online game developed by Cartoon Network and South Korean studio Grigon Entertainment and released on January 14, 2009. The game took place within an amalgamation of Cartoon Network settings that included characters and locations from established shows as well as some unique additions, following a science fiction genre. FusionFall used the Unity engine as its client technology basis. For the first year, the full game required a subscription; free accounts could only access a portion of the content. On August 29, 2013, the game's servers were shut down. It was unofficially revived by fans as two different games in 2017, the first being FusionFall: Retro which was the original game and the second being FusionFall: Legacy which was planned to be the original game but with additional content. On April 16, 2020, Cartoon Network issued a DMCA takedown notice to the developers of the games, resulting in Retro being removed entirely and Legacy's cancellation. The developers also issued a statement regarding the DMCA takedown saying that they respected the decision made by Cartoon Network. Plot Under the control of Lord Fuse, Planet Fusion travels through the universe. He is destroying planets by devouring them, and Earth becomes the next target. To do so, he drops Fusion Matter that takes a warped monster-like shape of objects nearby. The goal is to thwart the enemies' plan and defeat them. Gameplay In FusionFall, the player takes control of a customized character. The game featured more than 50 characters and several areas based on current and past shows of Cartoon Network. A part of the roster is made of companions that will assist during the adventure. The character is viewed from a third-person perspective with an overlaid HUD. By defeating the enemies, the players level up and receive the currency for buying clothing and weapon upgrades. There are two types of attacks in combat that can be switched by a button press: ranged and melee. A special feature present in FusionFall is the use of nanos, representing small avatars that provide abilities for a short time. A nano can be attained by defeating an evil doppelganger, with a choice of one out of three abilities to be provided. There are four characters available as a Guide, which were Ben Tennyson (Ben 10), Dexter (Dexter's Laboratory), Edd (Ed Edd n Eddy), and Mojo Jojo (The Powerpuff Girls). They give rewards like equipment and items for completing certain quests. Playing past Level Five originally required a monthly paid subscription in the form of redeemable cards that could be purchased at participating retailers. The cards were rendered obsolete after April 16, 2010, when the entirety of the game became free to play; players with unredeemed time cards were offered a refund for their unused cards. Since the game was designed for kids primarily, there were parental control options. That gave parents a monitoring ability to
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced%20Television%20Systems%20Committee
The Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) is an international nonprofit organization developing technical standards for digital terrestrial television and data broadcasting. ATSC's 120-plus member organizations represent the broadcast, broadcast equipment, motion picture, consumer electronics, computer, cable, satellite and semiconductor industries. ATSC was initially formed in 1983 to develop a first-generation digital television standard that could replace existing analog transmission systems. The new digital system became known as "ATSC 1.0." ATSC 1.0 is in use in the United States, Canada, Mexico, South Korea and Honduras and also in the Dominican Republic. ATSC then developed a next-generation digital television standard known as "ATSC 3.0.” ATSC 3.0 was commercially deployed in South Korea in May 2017 and was approved for voluntary use in the United States in November 2017. See also ATSC standards ATSC tuner References External links ATSC standards download page ATSC Digital television High-definition television MPEG Standards organizations in the United States Television transmission standards Organizations established in 1982 1982 establishments in the United States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BigBand%20Networks
BigBand Networks was a corporation headquartered in Redwood City, California, that opened in 1999 and specialized in selling multimedia technologies to cable television multi-system operators. It had its IPO on the Nasdaq in 2007, which was met with controversy when a class-action lawsuit alleged that the company violated the Securities Act of 1933. The company was acquired as a division within Arris Group in 2011. BigBand manufactured and sold digital video and data processing products and services for digital video and cable modem termination systems (CMTS). During its existence, BigBand won two Emmy Awards for its video on demand service and switched video technology. Description BigBand's development centers were assimilated by Arris Group. The main video products are developed in Tel Aviv, Israel employing roughly 200 people. The main data and voice products development center is in Westborough, Massachusetts with roughly 175 people. A third research and development office is located in Shenzhen, China. The company formerly sold video, voice, and data products directly to major cable multi-system operators (MSOs). Amongst the company's biggest MSO clients were Comcast, Time Warner Cable, Cablevision, Cox with Verizon becoming their biggest customer in 2006. BigBand's main products include a digital video processing platform called BMR and a cable modem termination system (CMTS) called Cuda. The video platform enables services such as switched video, digital cable, video on demand and IPTV offered on a variety of transport networks such as QAM cable, DSL and Verizon Fios. BigBand won two Emmy Awards, one for service in the US with Time Warner Cable "Start Over", enabling video on demand, the ability to pause a broadcast program and watch it later. In 2008, BigBand received the Technology and Engineering Emmy Award for its switched video technology which enabled cable operators to deliver unlimited number of broadcast channels to their subscribers. History 2007 IPO and class action lawsuit BigBand went public in March 2007. The offering was underwritten by Morgan Stanley, Merrill Lynch, Jeffries & Company, Cowen & Company and ThinkEquity. In October 2007, a class-action shareholder lawsuit was filed on behalf of shareholders who purchased BigBand Network securities in the company's IPO on March 15, 2007. The lawsuit sought to pursue remedies under the Securities Act of 1933. The complaint alleged BigBand violated the Securities Act, and that company insiders including the CEO, CFO and CTO knowingly published misleading and false statements about the company's financial health and product offerings. In particular, the complaint alleged that BigBand materially misstated their revenues, and engaged, among other allegations, in the practice informally known as channel stuffing to artificially inflate their financials prior to IPO. The suit was settled in 2009, with BigBand agreeing to pay US$1.5 million. In 2007, BigBand sued a firm start
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie%20Jackson%20%28software%29
Charlie Jackson is an American computer software entrepreneur who founded Silicon Beach Software in 1984 and co-founded FutureWave Software in 1993. FutureWave created the first version of what is now Adobe Flash. He was an early investor in Wired magazine, Outpost.com, Streamload and Angelic Pictures. Jackson is currently founder/CEO of Silicon Beach Software, which develops and publishes application software for Windows 10. Business life Startups Jackson founded Silicon Beach Software in 1984. The company developed and published Macintosh software. It was best known for its graphics editors SuperPaint, Digital Darkroom and the multimedia authoring application SuperCard. Silicon Beach was acquired by Aldus Corporation in 1990. That year he was named Entrepreneur of the Year in San Diego for High Tech. In 1984, Jackson also founded the San Diego Macintosh User Group. Jackson co-founded FutureWave Software with Jonathan Gay in 1993. FutureWave developed and published FutureSplash Animator. Macromedia acquired FutureWave in 1996 and renamed the product Flash 1.0, which in turn became Adobe Flash when Macromedia was acquired by Adobe Systems. Since late 2009, Jackson has been a mentor for San Diego sessions of the Founder Institute. In 2015, using the name Silicon Beach Software again, he founded a company to develop graphics software for Windows 10. The company's first product is SaviDraw. Investments Although no longer an active seed investor, Jackson made some notable investments in the 1990s. In 1993, he and Nicholas Negroponte were the two seed investors in Wired magazine. In 1994, Jackson loaned Wired Ventures the money that allowed the company to start up HotWired, the first commercial web magazine. Jackson was the seed investor in Outpost.com, an early online reseller of computer equipment. Outpost.com gained some notoriety for its TV ads in which gerbils were shot out of a cannon and wolves attacked a high school marching band. Jackson was the first investor in Angelic Pictures, Inc. Jackson was the first investor in Streamload, an online media storage and retrieval company that was subsequently renamed Nirvanix and he was the first investor in Pacific Coast Software, publisher of WebCatalog, an e-commerce package. Other Businesses Jackson is a principal in Angelic Pictures, Inc., a movie production company. He has been an executive producer of Angelic's movies, The Month of August, Hole in One: American Pie Plays Golf, Beach Bar, Music High, La Migra, Fearless and Space Samurai: Oasis. Jackson founded Silicon Beach Software in 2015. It is a developer/publisher of multimedia software for Windows 10. Jackson owned two small businesses in San Diego, CA. Epic Volleyball Club was a junior volleyball organization which trained approximately 400 athletes annually. VolleyHut.com was an online reseller of volleyball equipment. In 2000, VolleyHut challenged Amazon.com on its use of patents. Both businesses were shut down after p
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter%20wheat%20Russian%20mosaic%20virus
Winter wheat Russian mosaic virus (WWRMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Rhabdoviridae. External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Winter wheat Russian mosaic virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method Nucleorhabdoviruses Viral plant pathogens and diseases
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAE%20J1708
Society of Automotive Engineers standard SAE J1708 is a standard used for serial communications between ECUs on a heavy duty vehicle and also between a computer and the vehicle. With respect to Open System Interconnection model (OSI), J1708 defines the physical layer. Common higher layer protocols that operate on top of J1708 are SAE J1587 and SAE J1922. The protocol is maintained by SAE International. Description The standard defines a 2-wire 18 gauge wire cable that can run up to and operates at 9600 bit/s. A message is composed of up to 21 characters, unless the engine is stopped and the vehicle is not moving in which case transmitters are allowed to exceed the 21 byte max message length. Messages start with a Message ID (MID) character and finish with a checksum at the end. Characters are transmitted in the common 8N1 format. The hardware utilized are RS-485 transceivers wired for open collector operation through the use of a pullup and pulldown of the separate data lines. Transmission is accomplished by controlling the driver enable pin of the transceiver. This method allows multiple devices to share the bus without the need for a single master node. Collisions are avoided by monitoring the bus while transmitting the MID to ensure that another node has not simultaneously transmitted a MID with a higher priority. History SAE J1708, although still widely used, is replaced by SAE J1939 which is a CAN protocol. External links TMC RP1210 Example Source Code 5270ending SAE International Website Application Note Explaining J1708 Implementation Automotive standards
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WANI
WANI (1400 AM, "News Talk WANI") is a news/talk radio station in Auburn, Alabama. The station is owned by Auburn Network, Inc. and serves the Auburn, Alabama, radio market. The station was assigned the WANI call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on December 1, 1997. Programming The station carries syndicated national radio talk shows including "The Rush Limbaugh Show", "The Sean Hannity Show", "The Dave Ramsey Show", "Glenn Beck Program", and other national news/talk programs. Local programming includes a morning news program called "Auburn/Opelika This Morning with Bob Wooddy" and a weekly news recap show called "Auburn/Opelika This Week with Chuck Wacker". WANI simulcasts all of its broadcasting on W254AY 98.7 FM via WGZZ-HD2. References External links WANI official website ANI News and talk radio stations in the United States Radio stations established in 1940 1940 establishments in Alabama
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnels%20%26%20Trolls%3A%20Crusaders%20of%20Khazan
Crusaders of Khazan is a computer adaptation of the tabletop role-playing game Tunnels and Trolls, developed and published by New World Computing in 1990 for DOS, FM Towns, PC-88 and PC-98. The game is available from Flying Buffalo and in Fiery Dragon's Tunnels and Trolls 30th Anniversary Edition. The game was an international production, designed and directed in the US but programmed in Japan. Story A long time ago, a war broke out in the Dragon Continent between the great wizard Khazan and the demon queen Lerotra'hh the Death Empress and her sorcerer consort Khara Kang. Wishing to stop the bloodshed, Khazan proposed a truce to Lerotra'hh: Khazan would go into exile in exchange for a promise that the evil pair would allow humankind and monsterkind to coexist peacefully. Lerotra'hh accepted the proposal and Khazan was never heard from again. As the game begins, however, Lerotra'hh has broken the pact and now she prepares her Dark Legions to attack. The player's quest is put this threat to an end (meaning killing Kang and then Lerotra'hh) and to bring Khazan back to this world to enforce the peace. Gameplay The game is a fairly typical computer RPG of its era, featuring an icon-driven user interface, turn-based top-down combat and auto-mapping. Reception Crusaders of Khazan received polarized reviews. The game received 5 out of 5 stars in Dragon. Scorpia and Marc Klupper of Computer Gaming World in 1991 both disliked the game, however, one writing that "it could have been so much more" and the other describing it as "an almost perfect example of what happens when designers and programmers do not work together ... How could the playtesters have missed so many flaws?" In 1993 Scorpia called the game "a big disappointment". Reviews White Wolf #25 (Feb./March, 1991) Joker Verlag präsentiert: Sonderheft (1992) ASM (Aktueller Software Markt) (Dec, 1990) References External links 1990 video games DOS games Fantasy video games FM Towns games Flying Buffalo games NEC PC-8801 games NEC PC-9801 games Role-playing video games Sharp X1 games X68000 games Video games based on tabletop role-playing games Video games developed in Japan Video games developed in the United States Video games with gender-selectable protagonists
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars%20Hill%20Network
The Mars Hill Network is a network of Christian radio stations in upstate New York. The first station, WMHR 102.9 FM in Syracuse, New York), went on the air in 1969. In 1988, an additional station WMHN 89.3 FM in Webster, New York, began broadcasting and was joined in 1991 by WMHI 94.7 FM in Cape Vincent, New York, serving Jefferson County and eastern Ontario, WMHQ 90.1 FM in Malone, New York, in 2003, WMHU 91.1 FM, in Cold Brook, New York, in 2011., WMHY 88.5 FM, in Richfield Springs, New York, and WMHH 96.7 FM, in Clifton Park, New York, in 2019. Other stations Repeaters All call sign meanings are a variation of "Mars Hill". Translators In addition to the main stations, there are 15 translators to relay the network's programming. See also 1969 in radio References External links 1969 establishments in New York (state) American companies established in 1969 Mass media companies established in 1969 American radio networks Christian radio stations in the United States Religious mass media in the United States Companies based in Syracuse, New York
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMQ
RMQ may refer to Taichung International Airport (IATA airport code) Range minimum query, a problem in computer science RabbitMQ, an Advanced Message Queuing Protocol implementation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20programs%20broadcast%20by%20DD%20National
This is a list of original television programming currently and formerly broadcast by DD National. Currently broadcasts Original series Reruns Aardhana Aarogya Yog Anudamini Bin Bitiya Aangan Suna Chitrahaar Just Junior Galli Galli Sim Sim Gauri Tera Gaon Bada Pyaraa Humnawaaz Jai Mata Kii Kyunki Jeena Issi ka Naam hai Lakhiren Kismat Kii Laut ke aye mere Meet Mangalsutra - Ek Maryada Meri Desh Ki Beti Nargis Netri: Malhila Sansad aur unki Kahaniya Pehchan Astitva ki Talash Pinky Pratishodh Ramcharitmanas Rangoli Vividh Bharti Ke Sath Ready hai Rampura Sanskar Shama Shillong Holiday Home Sukanya Hamari Betiyan Tejpur General Store U Turn: Zindagi ki Aor Vande Mataram Yog Vigyan Zindagi Ek Bhanwar Zindagi Kaisi Ek Paheli Awakening India Acquired series Baal Krishna Porus Shree Ganesh Formerly broadcasts Animated series Bongo Chhota Bheem Ghayab Aya Vartmaan Little Singham Kisna Sheikh Chilli and Friendz Hindi dubbed shows 101 Dalmatians: The Series Aladdin Arabian Nights: Sinbad's Adventures Alice In Wonderland Chamatkari Telephone Codename: Kids Next Door Denver, the Last Dinosaur (Danu Danasur) DuckTales The Flintstones Guchche (Stories from My Childhood) The Jungle Book The Legend of Tarzan Lok Gatha Meena Mickey Mouse and Friends Nandu Apna (Kattile Kannan) Spider-Man TaleSpin Timon & Pumbaa Tom and Jerry Children's/teen series Aadha Full Aryamaan – Brahmaand Ka Yodha Brahmand Chaat Pani Chand Sitare Chandamama Ek Do Teen Char Faster Fene Haddi Raja Galli Galli Sim Sim Junior G DD National Kidz Island M.A.D. Neev Potli Baba Ki Shaka Laka Boom Boom Shaktimaan School Days The Stone Boy Tarang Yahan Ke Hum Sikandar Hindi dubbed shows Bananas in Pyjamas Giggle and Hoot Comedy series Aashiq Biwi Ka Aisa Bhi Hota Hai Appu Aur Pappu Bajega Band Baaja Bunty Bubbly Ki Mummy Colgate Top 10 Daane Anaar Ke Daftarnama Dekh Bhai Dekh Flop Show Full Tension Hari Mirchi Lal Mirchi Idhar Udhar Kabhi Saas Kabhi Bahu Phatichar Mr. Funtoosh Mr Ya Mrs Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani Shrimaan Shrimati Sohni Mahiwal Truck Dhina Dhin Tu Tota Main Maina Ulta Pulta Wagle Ki Duniya Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi Zabaan Sambhalke Hindi dubbed shows Didi's Comedy Show Diff'rent Strokes Here's Lucy Yes Minister Drama series 1857 Kranti Aa Bael Mujhe Maar Aahuti Aaina Aakhri Daao Aankhen Aap Beeti Aarohan Abhimaan Ados Pados Agneepath - Hai Yehi Zindagi Air Hostess Akbar The Great Akhand Saubhagyawati Bhava Albeli Kahaani Pyaar Ki Alif Laila Amrapali Amravati Ki Kathayein Amir Khusro Anudamini Anveshan Aparajita Apradhi Kaun Apne Aap Ardhangini Aur Bhi Gham Hain Zamane Mein Aurat Bahadur Shah Zafar Bano Begum Barrister Roy Bas Thode Se Anjane Bharat Ek Khoj Betaal Pachisi Bharatiya Natya Sastra Bhootnath Bible Ki Kahaniya Buddha Buniyaad Bul Bul Bagh Byomkesh Bakshi Captain Vyom Chanakya Chandrakanta Chandramukhi Chapte Chapte Charitraheen Chekhov Ki Duniya Chhatrapati Shivaji Chhoti Badi Baatein Chhote Babu Chunauti Chunni Chupaun Kaise Laga Chunri Mein Daag Circus C
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management%20cybernetics
Management cybernetics is concerned with the application of cybernetics to management and organizations. "Management cybernetics" was first introduced by Stafford Beer in the late 1950s and introduces the various mechanisms of self-regulation applied by and to organizational settings, as seen through a cybernetics perspective. Beer developed the theory through a combination of practical applications and a series of influential books. The practical applications involved steel production, publishing and operations research in a large variety of different industries. Some consider that the full flowering of management cybernetics is represented in Beer's books. However, learning continues (see below). Research into operations As practiced by Beer, research into operations involved multidisciplinary teams seeking practical assistance for difficult managerial issues. It often involved the development of models borrowed from basic sciences and put into an isomorphic relationships with an organizational situation. Beer initially called this "operations research" (OR) but, along with Russell Ackoff, became increasingly disenchanted with that term as the field transitioned into one in which a predefined set of mathematical tools was applied to well-formulated problems. Beer's critique of traditional OR, in part, was that it became a matter of experts in mathematics looking for situations that could be conformed to their methods. Beer insisted that what was needed for effective research into operations was to first understand the key dynamics within the situation and only then to select the theory or methods that would allow one to understand that situation in detail. Beer's "Decision and Control", especially chapter six, discusses the methodology in some detail. Viable system model (VSM) Viable means capable of independent existence and implies both maintaining internal stability and adaptation to a changing environment. "Internal stability" and "adaptation" can be in conflict, particularly if the relevant environment is changing rapidly, so the viable system model (VSM) is about maintaining a balance between the two such that the system is able to survive. The VSM is a model of the structures and functions that are both necessary and sufficient for the long-term survival of a system in a changing environment. Allenna Leonard, Beer's longtime partner, suggested that the most useful way to think about the VSM is as a language. The VSM is a language of viability. The VSM is a language for diagnosing organizations and managerial teams in terms of their viability or lack thereof. The VSM is also a language for designing organizations and managerial teams that will be viable. Syntegration One of the great difficulties in managing the modern large organization is that many of the issues are far too complex for even small groups. The critical knowledge is often dispersed among a substantial number of people. Organizations are often faced with choosing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wineberry%20latent%20virus
Wineberry latent virus (WLV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Alphaflexiviridae. External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Wineberry latent virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method Potexviruses Viral plant pathogens and diseases
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild%20potato%20mosaic%20virus
Wild potato mosaic virus (WPMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae. External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Wild potato mosaic virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method Viral plant pathogens and diseases Potyviruses
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat%20spindle%20streak%20mosaic%20virus
Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae. External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method Viral plant pathogens and diseases Bymoviruses
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat%20yellow%20mosaic%20virus
Wheat yellow mosaic virus is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae. External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Wheat yellow mosaic virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method Viral plant pathogens and diseases Bymoviruses
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco%20leaf%20curl%20virus
Tobacco leaf curl viruses (TLCV) are several species of plant pathogenic viruses in the genus Begomovirus. References Further reading External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Tobacco leaf curl virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method Begomovirus Viral plant pathogens and diseases Unaccepted virus taxa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulare%20apple%20mosaic%20virus
Tulare apple mosaic virus (TAMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Bromoviridae. External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Tulare apple mosaic virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method Bromoviridae Viral plant pathogens and diseases
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum%20apical%20leaf%20curling%20virus
Solanum apical leaf curl virus (SALCV) is a proposed species of plant pathogenic virus of the family Geminiviridae. References External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Solanum apical leaf curling virus Begomovirus Viral plant pathogens and diseases Unaccepted virus taxa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum%20mosaic%20virus
Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae. External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Sorghum mosaic virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method Viral plant pathogens and diseases Potyviruses
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soybean%20dwarf%20virus
Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) is a pathogenic plant virus which infects soybeans. See also List of soybean diseases References External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Soybean dwarf virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method Viral plant pathogens and diseases Soybean diseases
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawberry%20latent%20C%20virus
Strawberry latent C virus is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Rhabdoviridae. References External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Strawberry latent C virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method Rhabdoviridae Viral strawberry diseases
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawberry%20pseudo%20mild%20yellow-edge%20virus
Strawberry pseudo mild yellow-edge virus (SPMYEV) is a pathogenic plant virus. See also List of strawberry diseases References External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Strawberry pseudo mild yellow-edge virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method Carlaviruses Viral strawberry diseases
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet%20potato%20yellow%20dwarf%20virus
Sweet potato yellow dwarf virus (SPYDV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae. External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Sweet potato yellow dwarf virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method Viral plant pathogens and diseases Ipomoviruses Sweet potato diseases
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radish%20mosaic%20virus
Radish mosaic virus (RaMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Comoviridae. External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Radish mosaic virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method Comoviruses Viral plant pathogens and diseases
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry%20vein%20chlorosis%20virus
Raspberry vein chlorosis virus (RVCV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Rhabdoviridae. External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Raspberry vein chlorosis virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method Nucleorhabdoviruses Viral plant pathogens and diseases Raspberry diseases
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20clover%20vein%20mosaic%20virus
Red clover vein mosaic virus (RCVMV) is a plant pathogenic virus. External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Red clover vein mosaic virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method Carlaviruses Viral plant pathogens and diseases
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice%20black-streaked%20dwarf%20virus
Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Reoviridae. External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Rice black-streaked dwarf virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method Viral plant pathogens and diseases Fijiviruses
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice%20dwarf%20virus
Rice dwarf virus (RDV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Reoviridae. External links ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Rice dwarf virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method Viral plant pathogens and diseases Phytoreoviruses