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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Jolitz | William Frederick Jolitz (February 22, 1957 – March 2, 2022), commonly known as Bill Jolitz, was an American software engineer best known for developing the 386BSD operating system from 1989 to 1994 along with his wife Lynne Jolitz.
Before 386BSD, Bill Jolitz designed the Symmetric 375 with an NSC 16032 (NS32000) CPU running 4.2BSD. His own Symmetric Computer Systems sold them from 1987 until 1988.
Jolitz received his BA in Computer Science from UC Berkeley.
He and his wife resided in Los Gatos, California.
On March 2, 2022, Jolitz died from sarcoma. His death was announced on April 8, 2022, on The Unix Heritage Society (TUHS) mailing list.
References
External links
- personal website
article
1957 births
2022 deaths
BSD people
Free software programmers
People from Muskegon, Michigan
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Kernel programmers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpson%20Tide | "Simpson Tide" is the nineteenth episode of the ninth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 29, 1998. After being fired from the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant, Homer decides to join the U.S. Naval Reserve. The episode was the second and last to be written by Joshua Sternin and Jennifer Ventimilia and was the final episode directed by Milton Gray.
It guest-starred Rod Steiger as Captain Tenille and Bob Denver as himself, with one-time The Simpsons writer Michael Carrington making an appearance as the Drill Sergeant. This was the last episode Al Jean and Mike Reiss executive produced together, although Jean became showrunner again in season 13.
Plot
After Homer nearly causes the nuclear plant to go into meltdown by putting a doughnut into the reactor core to enlarge it, he is fired by Mr. Burns. While at home he sees a recruitment advertisement on television for the Naval Reserve and decides to enlist, with Moe, Barney, and Apu deciding to join him. Meanwhile, Bart purchases an earring, which an outraged Homer confiscates.
Homer and the others are placed on a nuclear submarine. While participating in a military exercise, Homer unintentionally has the captain fired out of a torpedo tube and pilots the submarine into Russian waters, which is seen by the United States government as an attempt to defect. This event creates a political schism between the USA and Russia, with a Russian representative stating to a USA representative at a U.N. meeting about the event that "The Soviet Union will be pleased to offer amnesty to your wayward vessel", leading to the revelation that the Soviet Union in fact never truly dissolved, complete with the Berlin Wall rising from the ground, Soviet troops and tanks appearing on the streets and a zombie-like Vladimir Lenin rising from his tomb in Moscow.
Nuclear war is anticipated until the US Navy drops depth charges on Homer's sub, aiming either to destroy it or force it to surface. The consequent explosion causes a pinhole leak in the submarine's hull, but Homer uses Bart's earring to plug the leak and saves the submarine. The vessel surfaces and Homer is taken to be court-martialed, but the officers on the review committee have themselves been indicted on unrelated charges, and Homer's punishment ends up being a mild dishonorable discharge and he immediately forgives Bart, as the earring saved his life.
Production
"Simpson Tide" was one of two season nine episodes that was executive produced by Al Jean and Mike Reiss, who together were the showrunners for the third and fourth seasons. Although Jean would later return to run the show the following season, it was the last episode for which Reiss received an executive producer credit. Joshua Sternin and Jennifer Ventimilia, the episode writers, were working on Jean and Reiss's show The Critic at the time, and pitched an episode where Homer joins the Naval Reserve. Altho |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toluene%20%28data%20page%29 | This page provides supplementary chemical data on toluene.
MSDS sheets
Structure and properties
Thermodynamic properties
Vapor pressure of liquid
Spectral data
References
External links
NIST website
Physical and Chemical Properties of Toluene in chemeo.com
Chemical data pages
Chemical data pages cleanup |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenbak-1 | The Kenbak-1 is considered by the Computer History Museum, the Computer Museum of America and the American Computer Museum to be the world's first "personal computer", invented by John Blankenbaker (born 1929) of Kenbak Corporation in 1970 and first sold in early 1971. Less than 50 machines were ever built, using Bud Industries enclosures as a housing. The system first sold for US$750. Today, only 14 machines are known to exist worldwide, in the hands of various collectors and museums. Production of the Kenbak-1 stopped in 1973, as Kenbak failed and was taken over by CTI Education Products, Inc. CTI rebranded the inventory and renamed it the 5050, though sales remained elusive.
Since the Kenbak-1 was invented before the first microprocessor, the machine didn't have a one-chip CPU but was instead based purely on small-scale integration TTL chips. The 8-bit machine offered 256 bytes of memory, implemented on Intel's type 1404A silicon gate MOS shift registers. The clock signal period was 1 microsecond (equivalent to a clock speed of 1 MHz), but the program speed averaged below 1,000 instructions per second due the many clock cycles needed for each operation and slow access to serial memory.
The machine was programmed in pure machine code using an array of buttons and switches. Output consisted of a row of lights.
Internally, the Kenbak-1 has a serial computer architecture, processing one bit at a time.
Technical description
Registers
The Kenbak-1 has a total of nine registers. All are memory mapped. It has three general-purpose registers: A, B and X. Register A is the implicit destination of some operations. Register X is also known as the index register and turns the direct and indirect modes into indexed direct and indexed indirect modes. It also has program counter, called Register P, three "overflow and carry" registers for A, B and X, respectively, as well as an Input Register and an Output Register.
Addressing modes
Add, Subtract, Load, Store, Load Compliment, And, and Or instructions operate between a register and another operand using five addressing modes:
Immediate (operand is in second byte of instruction)
Memory (second byte of instruction is the address of the operand)
Indirect (second byte of instruction is the address of the address of the operand)
Indexed (second byte of instruction is added to X to form the address of the operand)
Indirect Indexed (second byte of instruction points to a location which is added to X to form the address of the operand)
Instruction table
The instructions are encoded in 8 bits, with a possible second byte providing an immediate value or address. Some instructions have multiple possible encodings.
See also
Datapoint 2200, a contemporary machine with alphanumeric screen and keyboard, suitable to run non-trivial application programs
Mark-8, designed by graduate student Jonathan A. Titus and announced as a "loose kit" in the July 1974 issue of Radio-Electronics magazine
Altair 8800, a ver |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigitalBridge | DigitalBridge Group, Inc. is a global digital infrastructure investment firm. The company owns, invests in and operates businesses such as cell towers, data centers, fiber, small cells, and edge infrastructure. Headquartered in Boca Raton, DigitalBridge has key offices in Los Angeles, New York, London, and Singapore.
In 2010, DigitalBridge, then still Colony Capital, was reported to manage about $30 billion in investments.
History
Recent investments
In January 2017, Colony NorthStar, Inc. (NYSE: CLNS) was formed through a tri-party merger between Colony Capital, Inc. (NYSE:CLNY), NorthStar Asset Management Group Inc. (NYSE:NSAM) and NorthStar Realty Finance Corp. (NYSE:NRF).
In September 2017, Colony NorthStar agreed to sell its Townsend Group unit to Aon for $475 million.
In October 2017, Colony entered discussions to purchase The Weinstein Company, a movie and TV production studio that sustained damage after its co-founder, Harvey Weinstein, was accused of multiple counts of sexual harassment over three decades. In the wake of the Harvey Weinstein sexual assault scandal, in late October 2017, it was reported that Colony Capital LLC had proved hesitant to purchase Weinstein Co. after a week of exclusive negotiations. Fortress Investment Group was also in talks to provide a loan to Weinstein Co.
In June 2018, The New York Times reported that Colony North Star had raised more than $7 billion in investments since Donald Trump won the 2016 presidential election. 24 percent of the money came from the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia.
On December 20, 2021, DigitalBridge sold the bulk of its Other Equity & Debt of real estate assets to Fortress Investment Group, LLC. The total net value realized from the sale is $506.8 million, including $443.4 million received at closing, $31.2 million of net cash for asset monetizations between the sale and close, and $32.2 million of future payments.
DigitalBridge closed its second flagship fund with $8.3 billion in commitments in early 2022.
In April 2022, DigitalBridge bought out Wafra’s stake in its investment management subsidiary for $800 million and switched from REIT to traditional C-Corp. DigitalBridge announced and initiated several acquisitions during 2022 including AMP Capital's global infrastructure equity investment management business for $328 million and Switch, Inc., a Dallas based data center company, for $11 billion. The firm
sold 27 percent of its stake in DataBank to Swiss Life and EDF Invest for $1.2 billion. DigitalBridge said it would own 15.5 percent of DataBank after the sale.
In March 2022, DigitalBridge led a $60 million Series C funding round in Celona, an enterprise IT infrastructure company. In April, DigitalBridge led a $385 million funding round for UK fiber startup Netomnia. That June, DigitalBridge acquired Telenet's 3,300 telecommunication towers in Belgium, valued at 745 million euros.
In August 2022, DigitalBridge and Columbia Capital formed Xenith Infrastructu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart%20Augustsson | Lennart Augustsson is a Swedish computer scientist. He was previously a lecturer at the Computing Science Department at Chalmers University of Technology. His research field is functional programming and implementations of functional languages.
Augustsson has worked for Carlstedt Research and Technology, Sandburst, Credit Suisse, Standard Chartered Bank, Facebook, X Development, Google and is currently employed by Epic Games.
Augustsson is the author of:
The Cayenne programming language.
The HBC Haskell compiler.
Several hardware device drivers for NetBSD.
The front end of the pH compiler (parallel Haskell) from MIT.
The initial version of the Bluespec compiler.
He was also a co-developer, with Thomas Johnsson, of Lazy ML, a functional programming language developed in the early 1980s, prior to Miranda and Haskell. LML is a strongly typed, statically scoped implementation of ML, with lazy evaluation. The key innovation of LML was to demonstrate how to compile a lazy functional language. Until then, lazy languages had been implemented via interpreted graph reduction. LML compiled to G-machine code.
Augustsson was intimately involved in early LPMud development, both in the LPMUD driver and the CD mudlib. His MUD community pseudonym is Marvin.
Augustsson has written three winning entries in the International Obfuscated C Code Contest:
1985: Most obscure program (1985/august.c)
1986: Best complex task done in a complex way (1986/august.c)
1996: Best of Show (1996/august.c)
References
External links
Lennart Augustsson's blog
The HBC compiler archived at archive.is
Swedish computer scientists
Swedish computer programmers
Programming language researchers
MUD developers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamming%20bound | In mathematics and computer science, in the field of coding theory, the Hamming bound is a limit on the parameters of an arbitrary block code: it is also known as the sphere-packing bound or the volume bound from an interpretation in terms of packing balls in the Hamming metric into the space of all possible words. It gives an important limitation on the efficiency with which any error-correcting code can utilize the space in which its code words are embedded. A code that attains the Hamming bound is said to be a perfect code.
Background on error-correcting codes
An original message and an encoded version are both composed in an alphabet of q letters. Each code word contains n letters. The original message (of length m) is shorter than n letters. The message is converted into an n-letter codeword by an encoding algorithm, transmitted over a noisy channel, and finally decoded by the receiver. The decoding process interprets a garbled codeword, referred to as simply a word, as the valid codeword "nearest" the n-letter received string.
Mathematically, there are exactly qm possible messages of length m, and each message can be regarded as a vector of length m. The encoding scheme converts an m-dimensional vector into an n-dimensional vector. Exactly qm valid codewords are possible, but any one of qn words can be received because the noisy channel might distort one or more of the n letters when a codeword is transmitted.
Statement of the bound
Preliminary definitions
An alphabet set is a set of symbols with elements. The set of strings of length on the alphabet set are denoted . (There are distinct strings in this set of strings.) A -ary block code of length is a subset of the strings of , where the alphabet set is any alphabet set having elements.
Defining the bound
Let denote the maximum possible size of a -ary block code of length and minimum Hamming distance between elements of the block code (necessarily positive for ).
Then, the Hamming bound is:
where
Proof
It follows from the definition of that if at most
errors are made during transmission of a codeword then minimum distance decoding will decode it correctly (i.e., it decodes the received word as the codeword that was sent). Thus the code is said to be capable of correcting errors.
For each codeword , consider a ball of fixed radius around . Every pair of these balls (Hamming spheres) are non-intersecting by the -error-correcting property. Let be the number of words in each ball (in other words, the volume of the ball). A word that is in such a ball can deviate in at most components from those of the ball's centre, which is a codeword. The number of such words is then obtained by choosing up to of the components of a codeword to deviate to one of possible other values (recall, the code is -ary: it takes values in ). Thus,
is the (maximum) total number of codewords in , and so, by the definition of , the greatest number of balls with no two balls having a wo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combat%20flight%20simulation%20game | Combat flight simulators are vehicle simulation games, amateur flight simulation computer programs used to simulate military aircraft and their operations. These are distinct from dedicated flight simulators used for professional pilot and military flight training which consist of realistic physical recreations of the actual aircraft cockpit, often with a full-motion platform.
Combat flight simulation titles are more numerous than civilian flight simulators due to the variety of subject matter available and market demand. Many free flight simulators, such as the open source Linux Air Combat, Falcon 4.0, Digital Combat Simulator and Rise of Flight, can be downloaded for free off the Internet.
History
1970s
Prior to the rise of modern-day video games, electro-mechanical games (EM games) were produced that used rear image projection in a manner similar to a zoetrope to produce moving animations on a screen. This technology led to the rise of flight simulation arcade games, initially in the form of EM games. One such EM game was Jet Rocket, a flight simulator released by Sega in 1970 that featured cockpit controls that could move the player's aircraft around a landscape displayed on a screen and shoot missiles at targets that would explode when hit. The game displayed three-dimensional terrain with buildings, produced using special belt technology along with fluorescent paint to simulate a night view. Upon its debut, the game was cloned by three Chicago arcade manufacturers, which led to the game under-performing in North America. Sega released several other similar EM flight combat games, including Dive Bomber (1971) and Air Attack (1972).
Combat flight simulator video games began appearing from the late 1970s. In 1975, Taito released the arcade video game simulator Interceptor, an early first-person combat flight simulator that involved piloting a jet fighter using an eight-way joystick to aim and shoot at enemy aircraft.
Sega's last EM combat flight simulator was Heli-Shooter (1977), which combines the use of a CPU processor with electro-mechanical components, screen projection and audio tape deck. The gameplay involves the player piloting a helicopter using a throttle joystick (to accelerate and decelerate) and pedals (to maneuver left and right) across a realistic three-dimensional landscape and shooting at military targets across the landscape. In Japan, it was one of the top ten highest-grossing EM arcade games of 1977, and it released in North America the same year.
1980s
The 1980s experienced a wave of more advanced simulation video games, with companies such as Atari Inc. releasing their own game called Red Baron in 1980, which used QuadraScan graphics and sound effects to simulate first-person flight combat. Other games such as the earliest version of Microsoft Flight Simulator (1982) had crude graphics, simple flight models, and a combat option with "dog fighting" in a World War I Sopwith Camel. Shortly after Microsoft Flight Simula |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRVN%20%28AM%29 | KRVN 880 is an AM radio station in Lexington, Nebraska and serving most of the rural central and western part of the state.
The station features agricultural news programming during the day and classic country at night.
KRVN is one of two 50,000-watt stations in Nebraska, the other being KFAB in Omaha. It is the second-most powerful station in the state; unlike KFAB, it is not a clear-channel, Class A station, but it does operate on a clear-channel frequency, on which WCBS in New York City is the dominant station. KRVN broadcasts from a four-tower antenna array located in the middle of cornfields near Holdrege, Nebraska. KRVN is Nebraska's primary entry point station for the Emergency Alert System.
Due to its transmitter power and central Nebraska's flat land (with near-perfect ground conductivity), KRVN boasts one of the largest coverage areas in the Western United States. During the day, tower #3 radiates the transmitter's full power to almost all of Nebraska's densely populated area, as well as more than half of Kansas and northeastern Colorado. At night, power is fed to all four towers to provide a directional signal aimed to the west to protect WCBS. This results in the second-largest city within its coverage area, Kearney, only getting a grade B signal; a translator at 106.9 FM is used to make up for this shortfall. Even with this arrangement, it is able to cover western Nebraska, northwestern Kansas, northeastern Colorado, and most of the Dakotas.
KRVN is a member of the Nebraska Cornhuskers radio network.
The KRVN network is unique in that it is owned and operated by a cooperative of farmers and ranchers, the Nebraska Rural Radio Association. It was founded in 1948, opening its first station, KRVN, in 1951. It was originally located at 1010 AM, broadcasting with 10,000 watts. In 1972, it moved to its current frequency and boosted its transmitting power to 50,000 watts; the lower dial position and stronger transmitter enabled it to serve more of central Nebraska's farmers.
The NRRA launched a sister music station with a similar callsign, KRVN-FM (River 93.1), in 1962.
References
External links
About KRVN – Includes a timeline of developments of the Nebraska Rural Radio Association's network
FCC History Cards for KRVN
RVN (AM)
News and talk radio stations in the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opte%20Project | The Opte Project, created in 2003 by Barrett Lyon, seeks to generate an accurate representation of the breadth of the Internet using visual graphics. Lyon believes that his network mapping can help teach students more about the Internet while also acting as a gauge illustrating both overall Internet growth and the specific areas where that growth occurs. It was not the first such project; others predated it, such as the Bell Labs Internet Mapping Project.
Lyon has been generating image maps using traceroute, and later switched to mapping using BGP routes. The generated images were published on the Opte Project website. In 2021, Lyon created different video animations, using his mapping technique: shedding light on internet growth between 1997 and 2021, the Iranian internet shutdown of 2019, the United States Department of Defense's place on the internet as well as the few entry points into the Chinese internet.
The project has gathered notice worldwide having been featured by Time, Cornell University, New Scientist, and Kaspersky Lab. In addition, Opte Project maps have found homes in at least two art galleries and exhibits such as The Museum of Modern Art and the Museum of Science's Mapping the World Around Us permanent exhibit.
Opte images are licensed under a Creative Commons license and while use of The Opte Image is free for all non-commercial applications, a license fee is required for all others.
References
External links
A "snapshot" version (courtesy of the "Wayback Machine")
Internet architecture
Visualization (web) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathew%20Bevan | Mathew Bevan (born 10 June 1974) is a British hacker from Cardiff, Wales. In 1996 he was arrested for hacking into secure U.S. Government networks under the handle Kuji. At the age of 21, he hacked into the files of the Griffiss Air Force Base Research Laboratory in New York.
Bevan was intent on proving a UFO Conspiracy Theory. His sole tool was an Amiga home computer with the blue box program Roxbox. According to Air Force Office of Special Investigations Supervisory Special Agent Jim Christy, Bevan was one of two hackers who had nearly started a third world war.
Background
Bullied by his peers, Bevan had a difficult time with school and at night he would turn to the online world as an escape. Having learned how to manipulate the public telephone system, he could place calls to anywhere in the world and the normal charges would not appear on his telephone bill. Bevan began to lead a double-life, going to school during the day, then later engaging in the nocturnal hacking activities which were eventually discovered.
A statement by the United States Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations declared that Bevan, identified by his pseudonym Kuji, was a "Foreign Agent, possibly of Eastern European origin". Authorities began to investigate Bevan during their pursuit of Bevan's partner Richard Pryce (whose handle was "Datastream Cowboy"). Pryce, then 16 years old, had allegedly hacked his way into a research facility in Korea, and dumped the contents of the Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute's database into the United States Air Force (USAF) computer system. (A primary concern was that if North Korea had found this out, they would have seen the theft of their data as an intrusion committed by the USAF, and would have retaliated for the espionage; the data was found to actually be South Korean data.)
On 21 June 1996, Bevan was arrested for hacking into sensitive USAF, NASA, and NATO facilities.
Eighteen months later, in Woolwich Crown Court, the Crown Prosecution Service decided that it was no longer in the public interest to pursue the case. They offered 'no evidence' which resulted in a full acquittal being recorded.
Bevan has commented on the Gary McKinnon case as being very similar to his own.
References
External links
Kuji Media Corporation (archive of news stories relating to case)
NOAA list of several hackers of U.S. Government systems
Article about Mathew Bevan by Dr. George Smith, Ph.D. in his Crypt Newsletter
Lengthy interview citing history of the case along with tv spots
British computer criminals
1974 births
Living people
People from Cardiff
Hacking (computer security) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous%20I/O | In computer science, asynchronous I/O (also non-sequential I/O) is a form of input/output processing that permits other processing to continue before the transmission has finished. A name used for asynchronous I/O in the Windows API is overlapped I/O.
Input and output (I/O) operations on a computer can be extremely slow compared to the processing of data. An I/O device can incorporate mechanical devices that must physically move, such as a hard drive seeking a track to read or write; this is often orders of magnitude slower than the switching of electric current. For example, during a disk operation that takes ten milliseconds to perform, a processor that is clocked at one gigahertz could have performed ten million instruction-processing cycles.
A simple approach to I/O would be to start the access and then wait for it to complete. But such an approach, called synchronous I/O or blocking I/O, would block the progress of a program while the communication is in progress, leaving system resources idle. When a program makes many I/O operations (such as a program mainly or largely dependent on user input), this means that the processor can spend almost all of its time idle waiting for I/O operations to complete.
Alternatively, it is possible to start the communication and then perform processing that does not require that the I/O be completed. This approach is called asynchronous input/output. Any task that depends on the I/O having completed (this includes both using the input values and critical operations that claim to assure that a write operation has been completed) still needs to wait for the I/O operation to complete, and thus is still blocked, but other processing that does not have a dependency on the I/O operation can continue.
Many operating system functions exist to implement asynchronous I/O at many levels. In fact, one of the main functions of all but the most rudimentary of operating systems is to perform at least some form of basic asynchronous I/O, though this may not be particularly apparent to the user or the programmer. In the simplest software solution, the hardware device status is polled at intervals to detect whether the device is ready for its next operation. (For example, the CP/M operating system was built this way. Its system call semantics did not require any more elaborate I/O structure than this, though most implementations were more complex, and thereby more efficient.) Direct memory access (DMA) can greatly increase the efficiency of a polling-based system, and hardware interrupts can eliminate the need for polling entirely. Multitasking operating systems can exploit the functionality provided by hardware interrupts, whilst hiding the complexity of interrupt handling from the user. Spooling was one of the first forms of multitasking designed to exploit asynchronous I/O. Finally, multithreading and explicit asynchronous I/O APIs within user processes can exploit asynchronous I/O further, at the cost of extra softwar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backchannel | Backchannel is the use of networked computers to maintain a real-time online conversation alongside the primary group activity or live spoken remarks. The term was coined from the linguistics term to describe listeners' behaviours during verbal communication.
The term "backchannel" generally refers to online conversation about the conference topic or speaker. Occasionally backchannel provides audience members a chance to fact-check the presentation.
First growing in popularity at technology conferences, backchannel is increasingly a factor in education where WiFi connections and laptop computers allow participants to use ordinary chat like IRC or AIM to actively communicate during presentation. More recent research include works where the backchannel is brought publicly visible, such as the ClassCommons, backchan.nl and Fragmented Social Mirror.
Twitter is also widely used today by audiences to create backchannels during broadcasting of content or at conferences. For example, television drama, other forms of entertainment and magazine programs. This practice is often also called live tweeting. Many conferences nowadays also have a hashtag that can be used by the participants to share notes and experiences; furthermore such hashtags can be user generated.
History
Victor Yngve first used the phrase "back channel" in 1970 in a linguistic meaning, in the following passage: "In fact, both the person who has the turn and his partner are simultaneously engaged in both speaking and listening. This is because of the existence of what I call the back channel, over which the person who has the turn receives short messages such as 'yes' and 'uh-huh' without relinquishing the turn."
Such systems were widely imagined and tested in late 1990s and early 2000s. These cases include researcher's installations on conferences and classroom settings. The first famous instance of backchannel communications influencing a talk occurred on March 26, 2002, at the PC Forum conference, when Qwest CEO Joe Nacchio famously lamented the difficulties of raising capital. Journalists Dan Gillmor and Doc Searls posted accounts, from the audience, in real-time, to their weblogs. Buzz Bruggeman, a reader of Gillmor's, emailed information about a recent sizable transaction that had made Nacchio very wealthy; both Gillmor and Searls updated their weblogs with that information.
In her article referring to the "Parallel Channel," PC Forum host Esther Dyson wrote, "around that point, the audience turned hostile." Many commentators later attributed the audience's hostility to the information people shared while surfing and communicating on their laptops during Nacchio's remarks.
Effect
Research has demonstrated that backchannels help participants to feel as contributing members, not passive followers and make them feel more social. However, the research is mixed on the nature of this discussions, and especially regarding social interaction on the backchannels: some cases repo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20C | Visual C may refer to:
Visual C++, an integrated development environment (IDE) product from Microsoft for the C, C++, and C++/CLI programming languages
Visual C Sharp, Microsoft's implementation of the C# specification, included in the Microsoft Visual Studio suite of product |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External%20memory%20algorithm | In computing, external memory algorithms or out-of-core algorithms are algorithms that are designed to process data that are too large to fit into a computer's main memory at once. Such algorithms must be optimized to efficiently fetch and access data stored in slow bulk memory (auxiliary memory) such as hard drives or tape drives, or when memory is on a computer network. External memory algorithms are analyzed in the external memory model.
Model
External memory algorithms are analyzed in an idealized model of computation called the external memory model (or I/O model, or disk access model). The external memory model is an abstract machine similar to the RAM machine model, but with a cache in addition to main memory. The model captures the fact that read and write operations are much faster in a cache than in main memory, and that reading long contiguous blocks is faster than reading randomly using a disk read-and-write head. The running time of an algorithm in the external memory model is defined by the number of reads and writes to memory required. The model was introduced by Alok Aggarwal and Jeffrey Vitter in 1988. The external memory model is related to the cache-oblivious model, but algorithms in the external memory model may know both the block size and the cache size. For this reason, the model is sometimes referred to as the cache-aware model.
The model consists of a processor with an internal memory or cache of size , connected to an unbounded external memory. Both the internal and external memory are divided into blocks of size . One input/output or memory transfer operation consists of moving a block of contiguous elements from external to internal memory, and the running time of an algorithm is determined by the number of these input/output operations.
Algorithms
Algorithms in the external memory model take advantage of the fact that retrieving one object from external memory retrieves an entire block of size . This property is sometimes referred to as locality.
Searching for an element among objects is possible in the external memory model using a B-tree with branching factor . Using a B-tree, searching, insertion, and deletion can be achieved in time (in Big O notation). Information theoretically, this is the minimum running time possible for these operations, so using a B-tree is asymptotically optimal.
External sorting is sorting in an external memory setting. External sorting can be done via distribution sort, which is similar to quicksort, or via a -way merge sort. Both variants achieve the asymptotically optimal runtime of to sort objects. This bound also applies to the fast Fourier transform in the external memory model.
The permutation problem is to rearrange elements into a specific permutation. This can either be done either by sorting, which requires the above sorting runtime, or inserting each element in order and ignoring the benefit of locality. Thus, permutation can be done in time.
Applications
The |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript%20OSA | JavaScript OSA, (originally JavaScript for OSA, abbreviated as JSOSA), is a freeware inter-process communication scripting language for the Macintosh computer.
JavaScript OSA uses the "core language" of the Mozilla implementation of the JavaScript programming language, (see SpiderMonkey). The language is used as an alternative to the AppleScript language. Its use is unrelated to web browser-based scripting. It can be seen as having a similar function to Microsoft's JScript .NET language on Windows machines, although there is no interoperability between the two languages' system-level scripting.
Description
The language is identical to Mozilla's core language, with extensions added via a "Core" object and a "MacOS" object. The MacOS object has methods for obtaining objects that are bound to applications. This is done via the AppleEvent messaging system, a part of the Macintosh's Open Scripting Architecture.
The language was first released in 2001, and was bundled with Late Night Software's flagship product, Script Debugger. In May 2005, a new "alpha" version of the language was made available for testing. This improved second version of the language was bundled with version 4 of Script Debugger. JavaScript OSA was eventually discontinued due to lack of interest and was dropped from Script Debugger 5 in 2012.
Alternatives
OS X Yosemite introduced JavaScript for Automation (JXA): system-wide support for scripting with JavaScript, built upon JavaScriptCore and the Open Scripting Architecture. It features an Objective-C bridge which enables entire Cocoa applications to be programmed in JavaScript.
References
External links
Late Night Software
Macintosh-only software
Scripting languages |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCP-ECG | SCP-ECG, which stands for Standard communications protocol for computer assisted electrocardiography, is a standard for ECG traces, annotations, and metadata, that specifies the interchange format and a messaging procedure for ECG cart-to-host communication and for retrieval of SCP-ECG records from the host to the ECG cart. It is defined in the joint ANSI/AAMI standard EC71:2001 and in the CEN standard EN 1064:2005.
History
The SCP Standard was first developed between 1989 and 1991 during a European AIM R&D project.
Other ECG data formats
DICOM, HL7 aECG, MFER (ISO 22077)
References
External links
OpenECG Software Tools Repository (WebArchive) — The OpenECG Group supports SCP-ECG by providing and supporting open source implementations and consistent application of the standard.
Cardiology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbour%20%28programming%20language%29 | Harbour is a computer programming language, primarily used to create database/business programs. It is a modernized, open source and cross-platform version of the older Clipper system, which in turn developed from the dBase database market of the 1980s and 1990s.
Harbour code using the same databases can be compiled under a wide variety of platforms, including Microsoft Windows, Linux, Unix variants, several BSD descendants, Mac OS X, MINIX 3, Windows CE, Pocket PC, Symbian, iOS, Android, QNX, VxWorks, OS/2 (including eComStation and ArcaOS), BeOS/Haiku,
AIX and MS-DOS.
History
The idea of a free software Clipper compiler had been floating around for a long time and the subject has often cropped up in discussion on comp.lang.clipper. Antonio Linares founded the Harbour project and the implementation was started in March 1999. The name "Harbour" was proposed by Linares, it is a play on a Clipper as a type of ship. Harbour is a synonym for port (where ships dock), and Harbour is a port of the Clipper language.
In 2009, Harbour was substantially redesigned, mainly by Viktor Szakáts and Przemyslaw Czerpak.
Database support
Harbour extends the Clipper Replaceable Database Drivers (RDD) approach. It offers multiple RDDs such as DBF, DBFNTX, DBFCDX, DBFDBT and DBFFPT. In Harbour multiple RDDs can be used in a single application, and new logical RDDs can be defined by combining other RDDs. The RDD architecture allows for inheritance, so that a given RDD may extend the functionality of other existing RDD(s). Third-party RDDs, like RDDSQL, RDDSIX, RMDBFCDX, Advantage Database Server, and Mediator exemplify some of the RDD architecture features. DBFNTX implementation has almost the same functionality of DBFCDX and RDDSIX. NETIO and LetoDB provide remote access over TCP protocol.
Harbour also offers ODBC support by means of an OOP syntax, and ADO support by means of OLE. MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Firebird, Oracle are examples of databases which Harbour can connect to.
xBase technologies often are confused with RDBMS software. Although this is true, xBase is more than a simple database system as at the same time xBase languages using purely DBF can not provide the full concept of a real RDBMS.
Programming philosophy
Harbour aims to be written once, compiled anywhere. As the same compiler is available for all of the above operating systems, there is no need for recoding to produce identical products for different platforms, except when operating system dependent features are used. Cross-compiling is supported with MinGW.
Under Microsoft Windows, Harbour is more stable but less well-documented than Clipper, but has multi-platform capability and is more transparent, customizable and can run from a USB flash drive.
Under Linux and Windows Mobile, Clipper source code can be compiled with Harbour with very little adaptation. Most software originally written to run on Xbase++, FlagShip, FoxPro, xHarbour and others dialects can be compiled with Harbor wit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-origin%20policy | In computing, the same-origin policy (SOP) is an important concept in the web application security model. Under the policy, a web browser permits scripts contained in a first web page to access data in a second web page, but only if both web pages have the same origin. An origin is defined as a combination of URI scheme, host name, and port number. This policy prevents a malicious script on one page from obtaining access to sensitive data on another web page through that page's Document Object Model (DOM).
This mechanism bears a particular significance for modern web applications that extensively depend on HTTP cookies to maintain authenticated user sessions, as servers act based on the HTTP cookie information to reveal sensitive information or take state-changing actions. A strict separation between content provided by unrelated sites must be maintained on the client-side to prevent the loss of data confidentiality or integrity.
It is very important to remember that the same-origin policy applies only to scripts. This means that resources such as images, CSS, and dynamically-loaded scripts can be accessed across origins via the corresponding HTML tags (with fonts being a notable exception). Attacks take advantage of the fact that the same origin policy does not apply to HTML tags.
History
The concept of same-origin policy was introduced by Netscape Navigator 2.02 in 1995, shortly after the introduction of JavaScript in Netscape 2.0. JavaScript enabled scripting on web pages, and in particular programmatic access to the Document Object Model (DOM).
The policy was originally designed to protect access to the DOM, but has since been broadened to protect sensitive parts of the global JavaScript object.
Implementation
All modern browsers implement some form of the same-origin policy as it is an important security cornerstone. The policies are not required to match an exact specification but are often extended to define roughly compatible security boundaries for other web technologies, such as Microsoft Silverlight, Adobe Flash, or Adobe Acrobat, or for mechanisms other than direct DOM manipulation, such as XMLHttpRequest.
Origin determination rules
The algorithm used to calculate the "origin" of a URI is specified in RFC 6454, Section 4. For absolute URIs, the origin is the triple {scheme, host, port}. If the URI does not use a hierarchical element as a naming authority (see RFC 3986, Section 3.2) or if the URI is not an absolute URI, then a globally unique identifier is used. Two resources are considered to be of the same origin if and only if all these values are exactly the same.
To illustrate, the following table gives an overview of typical outcomes for checks against the URL "http://www.example.com/dir/page.html".
Unlike other browsers, Internet Explorer does not include the port in the calculation of the origin, using the Security Zone in its place.
Read access to sensitive cross-origin responses via reusable authentication
Th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-assisted%20personal%20interviewing | Computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) is an interviewing technique in which the respondent or interviewer uses an electronic device to answer the questions. It is similar to computer-assisted telephone interviewing, except that the interview takes place in person instead of over the telephone. This method is usually preferred over a telephone interview when the questionnaire is long and complex. It has been classified as a personal interviewing technique because an interviewer is usually present to serve as a host and to guide the respondent. If no interviewer is present, the term Computer-Assisted Self Interviewing (CASI) may be used. An example of a situation in which CAPI is used as the method of data collection is the British Crime Survey.
Characteristics of this interviewing technique are:
Either the respondent or an interviewer operates a device (this could be a laptop, a tablet or a smartphone) and answers a questionnaire.
The questionnaire is an application that takes the respondent through a set of questions using a pre-designed route based on answers given by the respondent.
Help screens and courteous error messages are provided.
Colorful screens and on and off-screen stimuli can add to the respondent's interest and involvement in the task.
This approach is used in shopping malls, preceded by the intercept and screening process.
CAPI is also used to interview households, using sampling techniques like random walk to get a fair representation of the area that needs to be interviewed.
It is also used to conduct business-to-business research at trade shows or conventions.
Advantages CAPI
The face-to-face setting allows the interviewer to capture verbal and non-verbal feedback.
Personal interviewing allows for interviews of longer duration. Interviews of 45 minutes or more are not uncommon.
Modern devices can record audio feedback from respondent, track GPS location and allows pictures to be taken of the interview, thus adding to the quality of the data.
There is no need to transcribe the results into a computer form. The computer program can be constructed so as to place the results directly in a format that can be read by statistical analysis programs such as PSPP or DAP.
The presence of an interviewer helps when probing for spontaneous awareness of certain topics.
The interviewer can verify that the respondent answering the questions is the person that needs to be interviewed.
Disadvantages CAPI
It is a relatively expensive means of interviewing.
In comparison to web interviewing it can be more time consuming to gather data.
Computer-Assisted Self Interviewing (CASI)
The big difference between a computer-assisted self interview (CASI) and a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) is that in the latter an interviewer is present, but not in the former. There are two kinds of computer-assisted self interviewing: a "video-CASI" and an "audio-CASI". Both types of computer-assisted self interviewing might ha |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lego%20Star%20Wars%3A%20Revenge%20of%20the%20Brick | Lego Star Wars: Revenge of the Brick is a brickfilm (Lego short film) loosely based on Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith. Revenge of the Brick premiered on Cartoon Network on May 8, 2005, at 7:00 p.m. EST. The movie can now be seen in QuickTime format on the Lego website or directly downloaded. It was also released with the Clone Wars Volume Two DVD as one of its special features.
The spoof was produced by Treehouse Animation, which has since collaborated again with Lego on producing Batman short films similar to it. Mark Hamill, who played Luke Skywalker in the original trilogy of Star Wars films, was involved in the creation of this project and narrates a "making-of" feature on the website. According to Hamill, "as the original Luke Skywalker, I think I know something about making Star Wars movies. So the fit with Treehouse Animations made perfect sense."
The film also appeared on October 2, 2005, at the 2005 Woodstock Film Festival, in the "Animation for Kids" category.
Presentation style
The short is a very tongue-in-cheek look at the important happenings of Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith, and is presented in a 3-D computer animation format, as is Treehouse's specialty.
The spoof features stylized versions of the Lego Star Wars Episode III building kits in fantasy situations, portraying the interactivity of Lego in various scenes. Lego's classic mini-figures are also made more 3-D in their detail, with more flexibility in movement portrayed to facilitate the film's action sequences.
Plot
The following is a detailed overview of the mini-movie's plot, which is considered non-canonical.
Space battle above Kashyyyk
The movie begins with a short opening crawl, detailing that droids belonging to the "evil Separatists" have amassed above the Wookiee planet of Kashyyyk, and that Jedi Knights have been sent to stop the invasion and restore peace.
Two Republic fighters appear above the planet and fly towards a Trade Federation control ship (from The Phantom Menace). Count Dooku watches from inside, and then, smiling, presses a button, which turns a revolving chair with General Grievous sitting on it.
Back outside, Anakin Skywalker (along with a clone trooper pilot) is being chased in his starfighter (an ARC-170) by three enemy Droid Tri-fighters. Anakin leads them into a trench and has two of the enemy ships destroyed by laser cannons fired by their own side. The remaining craft launches a Buzz droid at the ARC-170, which lands near the clone trooper rear gunner, who uses a can of "Buzz Spray" to dislodge the robot. The Buzz droid moves over to Anakin's window, and after being removed by Anakin's windshield wipers, the droid lands on the craft's engine and begins to cut into it. Back inside the control ship, Count Dooku tries to watch the battle outside on his television, but only receives static or intermittent test patterns. The shot zooms out to reveal General Grievous balancing on top of the television, acting as a li |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society%20for%20Industrial%20and%20Applied%20Mathematics | Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) is a professional society dedicated to applied mathematics, computational science, and data science through research, publications, and community. SIAM is the world's largest scientific society devoted to applied mathematics, and roughly two-thirds of its membership resides within the United States. Founded in 1951, the organization began holding annual national meetings in 1954, and now hosts conferences, publishes books and scholarly journals, and engages in advocacy in issues of interest to its membership. Members include engineers, scientists, and mathematicians, both those employed in academia and those working in industry. The society supports educational institutions promoting applied mathematics.
SIAM is one of the four member organizations of the Joint Policy Board for Mathematics.
Membership
Membership is open to both individuals and organizations. By the end of its first full year of operation, SIAM had 130 members; by 1968, it had 3,700.
Student members can join SIAM chapters affiliated and run by students and faculty at universities. Most universities with SIAM chapters are in the United States (including Harvard and MIT), but SIAM chapters also exist in other countries, for example at Oxford, at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne and at Peking University. SIAM publishes the SIAM Undergraduate Research Online, a venue for undergraduate research in applied and computational mathematics. (SIAM also offers the SIAM Visiting Lecture Program, which helps arrange visits from industrial mathematicians to speak to student groups about applied mathematics and their own professional experiences.)
In 2009, SIAM instituted a Fellows program to recognize certain members who have made outstanding contributions to the fields that SIAM serves.
Activity groups
The society includes a number of activity groups (SIAGs) to allow for more focused group discussions and collaborations. Activity groups organize domain-specific conferences and minisymposia, and award prizes.
Unlike special interest groups in similar academic associations like ACM, activity groups are chartered for a fixed period of time, typically for two years, and require submitting a petition to the SIAM Council and Board for renewal. Charter approval is largely based on group size, as topics that were considered hot at one time may have fewer active researchers later.
Current Activity Groups:
Algebraic Geometry
Analysis of Partial Differential Equations
Applied and Computational Discrete Algorithms
Applied Mathematics Education
Computational Science and Engineering
Control and Systems Theory
Data Science
Discrete Mathematics
Dynamical Systems
Financial Mathematics and Engineering
Geometric Design
Geosciences
Imaging Science
Life Sciences
Linear Algebra
Mathematical Aspects of Materials Science
Mathematics of Planet Earth
Nonlinear Waves and Coherent Structures
Optimization
Orthogonal Polynomials and Special Function |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exit%20%28command%29 | In computing, exit is a command used in many operating system command-line shells and scripting languages.
The command causes the shell or program to terminate. If performed within an interactive command shell, the user is logged out of their current session, and/or user's current console or terminal connection is disconnected. Typically an optional exit code can be specified, which is typically a simple integer value that is then returned to the parent process.
Implementations
Operating systems, shells and scripting languages providing this command include Microsoft MSX-DOS version 2, IBM OS/2, DR FlexOS, HP MPE/iX, KolibriOS, SymbOS, cmd.exe, sh, ksh, Perl, AWK, PHP, TCL, PowerShell and others.
On MS-DOS, the command is available in versions 2 and later. DR DOS 6.0 and Datalight ROM-DOS also include an implementation of the command. It is also available in the open source MS-DOS emulator DOSBox.
The numerical computing environment MATLAB includes an exit function with similar functionality.
See also
exit (system call)
Exit status
List of Unix commands
List of DOS commands
References
Further reading
External links
exit: cause the shell to exit – Commands & Utilities Reference, The Single UNIX® Specification, Issue 7 from The Open Group
exit | Microsoft Docs
Internal DOS commands
MSX-DOS commands
OS/2 commands
ReactOS commands
Windows administration
Unix SUS2008 utilities
Unix process- and task-management-related software
IBM i Qshell commands |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20Delegation%20Discovery%20System | The Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS) is an algorithm for applying string transformation rules to application-unique strings to extract specific syntax elements. It is used for finding information, such as authoritative domain name servers, for Uniform Resource Identifiers and Uniform Resource Names. An earlier specification applied only to URNs, and was called the Resolver Discovery Service (RDS).
DDDS defines a mechanism for using the Domain Name System (DNS) as the database for arbitrary identifier schemes. The primary logical DNS container used to hold DDDS information is the NAPTR record.
DDDS is defined in RFC 3401, RFC 3402, RFC 3403, RFC 3404, and RFC 3405.
RFC 3401 expresses the system as follows:
The Dynamic Delegation Discovery System is used to implement lazy binding of strings to data, in order to support dynamically configured delegation systems. The DDDS functions by mapping some unique string to data stored within a DDDS Database by iteratively applying string transformation rules until a terminal condition is reached.
Telephone Number Mapping (ENUM), specified in RFC 6116, is defined as a DDDS application to resolve telephone numbers into DNS data.
References
Domain Name System |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SXM | SXM may refer to:
SXM (computational model), model for a Stream X-Machine
SXM (transactional memory), a software under development at Microsoft Research
SXM (socket), a physical computer interface used by Nvidia computational GPU modules
SXM inc, a digital studio producing online entertainment for brands
Sint Maarten's ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code
Princess Juliana International Airport's IATA code
Sint Maarten national football team's FIFA code
Sirius XM Radio's NYSE symbol
Servicios Aéreos Especializados Mexicanos's ICAO code
Starbury SXM, a basketball shoe produced by Starbury
SxM, a 1994 album by Sangue Misto
SxM, formats of scanning microscope image handled by Image SXM
sxm, file extension for math files from StarOffice's StarMath (version 1–7)
sxm, file extension for math files from OpenOffice.org XML (version 1) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenore%20Blum | Lenore Carol Blum (née Epstein, born December 18, 1942) is an American computer scientist and mathematician who has made contributions to the theories of real number computation, cryptography, and pseudorandom number generation. She was a distinguished career professor of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University until 2019 and is currently a professor in residence at the University of California, Berkeley. She is also known for her efforts to increase diversity in mathematics and computer science.
Early life and education
Blum was born to a Jewish family in New York City, where her mother was a science teacher. They moved to Venezuela when Blum was nine.
After graduating from her Venezuelan high school at age 16, she studied architecture at Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University) beginning in 1959. With the assistance of Alan Perlis, she shifted fields to mathematics in 1960. She married Manuel Blum, then a student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and transferred in 1961 to Simmons College, a private women's liberal arts college in Boston. Simmons did not have a strong mathematics program but she was eventually able to take Isadore Singer's mathematics classes at MIT, graduating from Simmons with a B.S. in mathematics in 1963.
She received her Ph.D. in mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1968. Her dissertation, Generalized Algebraic Theories: A Model Theoretic Approach, was supervised by Gerald Sacks. She had switched to being advised by Sacks after being unable to follow an earlier advisor in his move to Princeton University because, at the time, Princeton did not accept female graduate students.
Career
After completing her doctorate, Blum went to the University of California at Berkeley to work with Julia Robinson as a postdoctoral fellow and lecturer in mathematics.
However, the department had no permanent positions for women, and after two years, her position as lecturer was not renewed. In 1971 she became one of the founders of the Association for Women in Mathematics.
In 1973 she joined the faculty of Mills College, a women's college in the Oakland hills near Berkeley. In 1974 she founded the mathematics and computer science department at Mills, at that time the only computer science program at a women's college. She served as the head or co-head of the department for 13 years. From 1975 to 1978 she served as the third president of the Association for Women in Mathematics. Following this, Blum was elected as a Member at Large on the council of the AMS, serving from 1978 to 1980. In 1979 she was awarded an endowed professorship, the first Letts-Villard Chair at Mills.
In 1983 Blum won a National Science Foundation Visiting Professorship for Women award to work with Michael Shub for two years at the CUNY Graduate Center.
In 1987 she spent a year at IBM.
In 1992 Blum became the deputy director of the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI), working there wi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20file%20managers | The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of notable file managers.
General information
Operating system support
Cross-platform file managers
This table shows the operating systems that the file managers can run on, without emulation.
Mac-only file managers
Finder
ForkLift
Path Finder
Xfile
Commander One
*nix-only file managers
emelFM2
Gentoo file manager
Konqueror
Krusader
nnn
Nautilus
Nemo
PCMan File Manager
Ranger
ROX-Filer
Thunar
SpaceFM
worker
Windows-only file managers
Altap Salamander
Directory Opus
Explorer++
File Manager
Nomad.NET
SE-Explorer
STDU Explorer
Total Commander
File Explorer
xplorer²
XYplorer
ZTreeWin
iOS-only file managers
Files (Apple)
Android-only file managers
Files by Google
Ghost Commander
Manager views
Information about what common file manager views are implemented natively (without third-party add-ons).
Note that the "Column View" does not refer to the Miller Columns browsing / visualization technique that can be applied to tree structures / folders.
Twin-panel file managers have obligatory connected panels where action in one panel results in reaction in the second. Konqueror supports multiple panels divided horizontally, vertically or both, but these panels do not act as twin panels by default (the user has to mark the panels he wants to act as twin-panels).
Network protocols
Information on what networking protocols the file managers support. Note that many of these protocols might be supported, in part or in whole, by software layers below the file manager, rather than by the file manager itself; for example, the macOS Finder doesn't implement those protocols, and the Windows Explorer doesn't implement most of them, they just make ordinary file system calls to access remote files, and Konqueror either uses ordinary file system calls or KIO slave calls to access remote files. Some functions, such as browsing for servers or shares, might be implemented in the file manager even if most functions are implemented below the file manager.
File features
Information on what basic file features the file managers support.
Browsing features
Search features
Information on what file searching features the file managers support. RegExp include the possibilities of nested Boolean searches, thus implicitly all file managers supporting RegExp search support also Boolean searches.
Column Definitions (D)
Entry Notes (s)
Extensibility
Information on which parts of the application can be extended by plugins.
Notes
External links
What's the best file manager for Ubuntu Gnome 14.04 Trusty? by Rich Lott, May 2014
Softpanorama Orthodox File Managers page (Home of the OFM standard)
Comparison of some "light" File Managers in GNU/Linux (in spanish)
File managers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KIIS | KIIS may refer to:
KIIS-FM, a radio station (102.7 FM) licensed to Los Angeles, California, United States
KIIS Network, a network of Australian radio stations including:
KIIS 106.5, Greater Sydney area
KIIS 101.1, Greater Melbourne area
KIIS 97.3, Greater Brisbane area
KIIS Extra 95.8, a Greek radio station
KIIS (Thousand Oaks, California), a defunct radio station (850 AM) formerly licensed to serve Thousand Oaks, California, which held the call sign KIIS from 2003 to 2005
KEIB, a radio station (1150 AM) licensed to serve Los Angeles, California, that held the call sign KIIS from 1970 to 1980 and from 1984 to 1987
Kentucky Institute for International Studies
Kyiv International Institute of Sociology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Swiss%20cantons%20by%20elevation | The following list is a comparison of elevation absolutes in Switzerland. Data includes interval measures of highest and lowest elevation for all 26 cantons, with coordinates of the highest. Location names, mean elevation, and the numeric differences between high and low elevations are also provided.
Most of the 26 canton high points are located in the Swiss Alps. Others (with lower altitudes), are located in the Jura Mountains. The 14 lower summits (up to the Säntis) are within the hiking trail network. The ascent of the 11 higher summits involves rock climbing or glacier touring.
References
Catherine Keller and Patrick Höhener: Höhepunkte der Schweiz: Die Gipfel aller Kantone; Les sommets de la Suisse: canton par canton Travel descriptions with map and photos
BfS Kennzahlen—XLS spreadsheet with list
:sv:Schweiz kantoner—Infoboxes with values
Die Kantone nach ihren höchsten Punkten Various highest and lowest elevation values by canton (village center, road or rail network, etc.)
See also
Extreme points of Switzerland
by highest point
Cantons, elevation
Cantons
Switzerland, highest points of cantons
Lowest points |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OOM | OOM or oom may refer to:
Science and technology
Out of memory, a pathological state of a computer operation
Object-oriented modeling, a modeling paradigm mainly used in computer programming
Order of magnitude, a measurement term
OnePoint Operations Manager (OOM), Mission Critical Software's predecessor of Microsoft's System Center Operations Manager
Geography
Oom Bay, Mac. Robertson Land, Antarctica
Oom Island, Mac. Robertson Land, Antarctica
Other uses
Pierre Bernard (yogi) (1875–1955), known as "The Great Oom", "The Omnipotent Oom" and "Oom the Magnificent", a pioneering American yogi, scholar, occultist, philosopher, mystic and businessman
Order of Myths, an Alabama Mardi Gras organization
Officer of the Order of Merit of the Police Forces post-nominal letters (OOM)
"Out of Mana", a track from the album Science Fiction by Brand New
Oom, a villain character; see List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters
Odyssey of the Mind (OoM), a creative problem-solving competition
Zoom Airlines (ICAO code)
OOM, IATA airport code of Cooma–Snowy Mountains Airport, Cooma, New South Wales, Australia
OOM (Optimal Online Marketing), a digital marketing company based in Singapore
See also
Ooms, a Dutch language surname |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service%20control%20point | A service control point (SCP) is a standard component of the Intelligent Network (IN) telephone system which is used to control the service. Standard SCPs in the telecom industry today are deployed using SS7, SIGTRAN or SIP technologies. The SCP queries the service data point (SDP) which holds the actual database and directory. SCP, using the database from the SDP, identifies the geographical number to which the call is to be routed. This is the same mechanism that is used to route 800 numbers.
SCP may also communicate with an intelligent peripheral (IP) to play voice messages, or prompt for information from the user, such as prepaid long distance using account codes. This is done by implementing telephone feature codes like "#", which can be used to terminate the input for a user name or password or can be used for call forwarding. These are realized using Intelligent Network Application Part (INAP) that sits above Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP) on the SS7 protocol stack. The TCAP is part of the top or 7th layer of the OSI layer breakdown.
SCPs are connected with either SSPs or STPs. This is dependent upon the network architecture that the network service provider wants. The most common implementation uses STPs.
SCP and SDP split is becoming a common industry practice. This is known generally in the industry by split architecture. Reason is that operators want to decouple the dependency between the two functionality to facilitate upgrades and possibly rely on different vendors.
External links
See Telcordia GR-1299-CORE, for Service Control Point/Adjunct Interface generic requirements.
References
Network architecture
Telephony equipment
Signaling System 7 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database%20dump | A database dump contains a record of the table structure and/or the data from a database and is usually in the form of a list of SQL statements ("SQL dump"). A database dump is most often used for backing up a database so that its contents can be restored in the event of data loss. Corrupted databases can often be recovered by analysis of the dump. Database dumps are often published by free content projects, to facilitate reuse, forking, offline use, and long-term digital preservation.
Dumps can be transported into environments with Internet blackouts or otherwise restricted Internet access, as well as facilitate local searching of the database using sophisticated tools such as grep.
See also
Import and export of data
Core dump
Databases
Database management system
SQLyog- MySQL GUI tool to generate Database dump
Data portability
External links
mysqldump — A Database Backup Program
PostgreSQL dump backup methods, for PostgreSQL databases.
Database theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autopackage | Autopackage is a free computer package management system aimed at making it simple to create a package that can be installed on all Linux distributions, created by Mike Hearn around 2002.
In August 2010, Listaller and Autopackage announced that the projects will merge.
Projects such as aMSN and Inkscape offered an Autopackage installer, and Freecode offered content submitters a field to put the URL of Autopackages. The list of available packages is very limited, and most program versions are obsolete (for example, the most recent Autopackage of GIMP is 2.2.6, even though GIMP is now at version 2.8.2, as of August 2012).
Methodology
Autopackage was designed for installing binary, or pre-compiled, versions of non-core applications such as word processors, web browsers, and personal computer games, rather than core libraries and applications such as operating system shells.
Concept of autopackage was to "improve" Linux to a desktop platform, with stable binary interfaces comparable to Windows and MacOS.
Autopackage is not intended to provide installation of core applications and libraries for compatibility reasons. Using Autopackage to distribute non-core libraries is something of a thorny issue. On the one hand distributing them via Autopackage allows installation on a greater range of systems, on the other hand there can be conflicts with native package dependencies.
Autopackage is intended as a complementary system to a distribution's usual packaging system, such as RPM and deb. Unlike these formats, Autopackage verifies dependencies by checking for the presence of deployed files, rather than querying a database of installed packages. This simplifies the design requirements for autopackage by relying on available resources, rather than necessitating tracking all the package choices of all targeted distributions.
Programs that use autopackage must also be relocatable, meaning they must be installable to varying directories with a single binary. This enables an autopackage to be installed by a non-root user in the user's home directory.
Package format
Autopackage packages are indicated by the .package extension. They are executable bash scripts, and can be installed by running them. Files in an Autopackage archive are not easily extracted by anything other than Autopackage itself as the internal format must be parsed in order to determine file layout and other issues.
Autopackage programs are installed to hard-coded system paths, which may conflict with existing packages installed by other means, thus leading to corruption. This can usually be remedied by uninstalling an older version of a package being installed with Autopackage.
The Autopackage files can also be installed and removed using the Listaller toolset. Listaller simply includes the Autopackage packages into its own package container format and handles Autopackage like any other Listaller package file.
See also
AppImage
Flatpak
Zero Install
Listaller
Package manageme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystroke-level%20model | In human–computer interaction, the keystroke-level model (KLM) predicts how long it will take an expert user to accomplish a routine task without errors using an interactive computer system. It was proposed by Stuart K. Card, Thomas P. Moran and Allen Newell in 1980 in the Communications of the ACM and published in their book The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction in 1983, which is considered as a classic in the HCI field. The foundations were laid in 1974, when Card and Moran joined the Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) and created a group named Applied Information-Processing Psychology Project (AIP) with Newell as a consultant aiming to create an applied psychology of human-computer interaction. The keystroke-level model is still relevant today, which is shown by the recent research about mobile phones and touchscreens (see Adaptions).
Structure of the keystroke-level model
The keystroke-level model consists of six operators: the first four are physical motor operators followed by one mental operator and one system response operator:
K (keystroke or button press): it is the most frequent operator and means keys and not characters (so e.g. pressing SHIFT is a separate K operation). The time for this operator depends on the motor skills of the user and is determined by one-minute typing tests, where the total test time is divided by the total number of non-error keystrokes.
P (pointing to a target on a display with a mouse): this time differs depending on the distance to the target and the size of the target, but is held constant. A mouse click is not contained and counts as a separate K operation.
H (homing the hand(s) on the keyboard or other device): This includes movement between any two devices as well as the fine positioning of the hand.
D (drawing (manually) nD straight-line segments with a total length of D(nD, lD) cm): where nD is the number of the line segments drawn and lD is the total length of the line segments. This operator is very specialized because it is restricted to the mouse and the drawing system has to constrain the cursor to a .56 cm grid.
M (mentally preparing for executing physical actions): denotes the time a user needs for thinking or decision making. The number of Ms in a method depends on the knowledge and skill of the user. Heuristics are given to help decide where an M should be placed in a method. For example, when pointing with the mouse a button press is usually fully anticipated and no M is needed between both operators. The following table shows the heuristics for placing the M operator:
R (response time of the system): the response time depends on the system, the command and the context of the command. It is only used when the user actually has to wait for the system. For instance, when the user mentally prepares (M) for executing their next physical action only the non-overlapping part of the response time is needed for R because the user uses the response time for the M operation (e.g. R of 2 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20System | Second System can refer to the following:
Proposed New York City Subway expansion (1929-1940)
Second-system effect in computer programming |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%20Townsend%27s%20Wonder%20World | Simon Townsend's Wonder World! is an Australian children's television show that aired on Network Ten from 1979 until 1987. It was created and hosted by journalist Simon Townsend. In 1993, the show was relaunched on the Nine Network as Wonder World!, hosted by Pascall Fox.
Format
Each episode of Simon Townsend's Wonder World! featured an introduction by Townsend as the studio host, accompanied by his pet and companion bloodhound Woodrow (Woodrow died in 1986 and was replaced at first with a sulphur-crested cockatoo and then with a Labrador retriever puppy. A competition was run amongst the viewers to name the new puppy and as Townsend had recently won a Logie award, the puppy was named Logie). Townsend would then present four individual magazine-style stories, each presented by a different reporter.
The stories covered many subjects—sometimes serious, sometimes funny, always entertaining. The production team included an executive producer (for most of the show's run, this was Harvey Shore), plus as associate producer, a production assistant, two researchers, two cinematographers, two sound recordists, four reporters and four editors. This team produced the equivalent of one average feature film every week—about eighty minutes of screen time—shot on 16 mm reversal film. Stories were not scripted; each one relying upon the researcher's report, the producer's briefing, and the ingenuity of the reporter and the two-person crew.
Every show also contained a viewer segment, and a music segment—often produced by the program itself. For instance, Simon Townsend's Wonder World! made the first-ever music video to feature Australian band INXS. During the course of the series, Townsend and his reporters travelled all over Australia and to many and varied locations in America, the UK, Europe, India, Asia, New Zealand, Fiji, the Philippines, and other places in the Pacific region. But Simon Townsend always insisted that Wonder World stories should generally be timeless and placeless, so—although produced in Sydney—they would always appeal to "Tom in Perth".
Simon Townsend would end every show with the same signature farewell—"And remember, the world really is wonderful!"
History
The program was conceived by Townsend in the early 1970s and was designed to be a fast-moving daily dose of informed entertainment for children, as well as be suitable for and attractive to older teens and adults.
Both the Nine and the Seven networks helped Townsend make pilots for his concept, but neither network bought the series. However, in 1979 when the Australian Broadcasting Tribunal introduced a compulsory 'C' classification (making it a requirement for networks to broadcast only 'C' classified shows between 4 pm and 5 pm weekdays), Townsend saw the potential and offered the Ten Network, which was searching for a suitable children's program at the time, the opportunity to produce his show.
The first episode of Simon Townsend's Wonder World! went to air on 3 September 1979. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goteki | Goteki () are a British electro band. They are the musical brainchild of composer Ross Tregenza. They were heavily involved in the development of UK electronic body music (EBM) and cybergoth genres in the early 2000s. Goteki split up in 2006, but reformed in 2008 as a three piece live act expanded from Tregenza's solo studio creations. They refer to their new musical style as 'death electro': a mix of alternative electro pop and industrial combined with influences from film and video game scores.
Current activity
Goteki's reformation in August 2008 saw them return as a two-piece (Ross Tregenza and Alastair Power, performing under the names of Tregenza and Ali-Star). They were re-joined in 2009 by Clive 'Crash' Lewis. They returned with a more mature sound, but with recognizable qualities from their older material.
History
Formation
The group was formed after Tregenza's former band, Sneaky Bat Machine (SBM), ended. The group took their name from one of the teams in the PlayStation game Wipeout 3 (eventually securing Sony's blessing to use the name). The original Goteki line-up consisted of ex-SBM members Tregenza on vocals, Clive Lewis on synths, and Bruce Attley on synthesizers and samples.
Fight the Saucermen and Goteki O/S
The band's first release was the Fight the Saucermen EP which was released in early 2000 on Wasp Factory Records. The EP received encouraging reviews. After touring extensively the band started working on their first album.
This album was released in 2002 under the name Goteki O/S. It contains 17 tracks and is something of a concept album, divided into "phases" separated by instrumental tracks. For example, Signal One – Nihon is followed by the tracks Geisha Deconstruct and Ninjagrrl, which are inspired by Japanese culture. The album itself is rather eclectic in its style, songs range from ambient electronica to harsh drum and bass. All music on the album was, written and arranged by Tregenza, but there are also several guest appearances by other EBM musicians, such as Sebastian Komor of Icon of Coil and Jared Louche of Chemlab. It received rave reviews – Future Music called it a "Synthpop Happy Hardcore Melange that somehow works", and Kerrang Magazine lovingly called the band "Futuristic Nutjobs". For a selection of Goteki O/S reviews and increased the band's popularity within the cyber scene. The band played at Whitby Gothic Weekend's 10th Anniversary Festival.
Goteki O/S : Corrupted Files
The album Goteki O/S was followed by Goteki O/S : Corrupted Files, a remix album which contained remixes from bands such as DeathBoy, Icon of Coil and Sigue Sigue Sputnik.
In late 2003, the band announced that they were taking a new direction, concentrating on live performance aspects and using a human drummer for the first time. With this shift in direction singer Tregenza dropped his former pseudonym Sneaky. A shake-up of the band's line up followed in 2004: Doktor A left the band and was replaced by Ali Star (real name Alastair |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20P.%20Moran | Thomas P. Moran is a Distinguished Engineer at the IBM Almaden Research Center in San Jose, California. He has been active in the field of human computer interaction for a very long time. In 1983 the book he wrote along with Stuart Card and Allen Newell The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction was published. It became a very influential book in the field, partly for introducing the Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection rules (GOMS) model.
He founded and has been Editor-in-Chief of Human-Computer Interaction, one of the leading journals of the field.
He is one of the first CHI Academy members and won ACM SIGCHI's 2004 Life Time Achievement Award. In 2003 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery. In 2008 he was elected as a Fellow of AAAS.
Unrelated to the other famous engineer, Thomas D. Moran.
External links
Bio at HCI Journal
IBM employees
People from San Jose, California
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Living people
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Scientists at PARC (company)
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV%20News%20at%20Ten | ITV News at Ten (or more commonly News at Ten) is the flagship evening news programme on British television network ITV, produced by ITN and founded by news editor Geoffrey Cox in July 1967. The bulletin was the first permanent 30-minute news broadcast in the United Kingdom, and although initially scheduled for only thirteen weeks due to fears that its length would turn viewers off, the bulletin proved to be highly popular with audiences and became a fixture of the ITV schedule.
News at Ten rose to popularity for its winning combination of in-depth, analytical news coverage and populist stories. It simultaneously helped popularise newscasters such as Alastair Burnet, Andrew Gardner, Reginald Bosanquet, Sandy Gall, Anna Ford, John Suchet, Mark Austin, Alastair Stewart and Trevor McDonald into well-known television personalities.
When the bulletin was axed in 1999 in order for primetime entertainment programming to air uninterrupted, there was a public outcry. ITV reluctantly brought the programme back – under the name ITV News at Ten – in 2001, airing it at 10pm for a minimum of three nights per week, but eventually replaced it with the ITV News at 10.30 in 2004. It was not until January 2008 that News at Ten was reinstated to the ITV schedule. The programme has been anchored by Tom Bradby since 2015.
History
1967 to 1999: the original run
ITN had been ITV's news provider since the channel's launch in September 1955. News updates from ITN tended to run 14 minutes in length at most, with no fixed broadcast time. From his arrival in 1956, ITN editor Geoffrey Cox had consistently argued to the Independent Television Authority that ITN should be providing at least one news bulletin of substantial length, in order to cover and analyse major news stories more closely. ITV argued against the idea of a 30-minute evening bulletin, insisting a news programme of such length would eat into its primetime entertainment schedule and turn viewers away from the channel, but the ITA granted Cox's wish in 1967. ITV reluctantly agreed to give the proposed bulletin – a Monday-to-Friday programme, fixed at 10pm – a 13-week trial run to test its success.
News at Ten began broadcasting on 3 July 1967 under the editorship of Cox, who stipulated that the aim of the new programme was to "remove the spin and bring facts and the news as it really was." ITV's stance was seemingly confirmed early; the programme had little news to cover in its first few editions, having launched in the middle of summer during a slow news week. However, a reversal of fortunes quickly took place after an "action story" from ITN reporter Alan Hart on the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders re-entering Crater, which ran for a then-unheard-of length of 5 minutes. A series of similar in-depth reports eventually helped to give News at Ten a regular viewership of seven million every night, forcing ITV to keep the programme. By 1969, News at Ten had become the first news bulletin in Britain to enter t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygon%20%28disambiguation%29 | A polygon is a geometric figure.
Polygon may also refer to:
Mathematics and computing
Simple polygon, a single contiguous closed region, the more common usage of "polygon"
Star polygon, a star-like polygon
Polygon (computer graphics), a representation of a polygon in computer graphics
Companies
Polygon (blockchain)
Polygon Bikes, an Indonesian bike company
Polygon Books, an imprint of Birlinn Limited
Polygon Pictures, Japanese 3DCG anime studio
Polygon Records, a 1950s record company
Places
Semipalatinsk Test Site, a nuclear test site near Semey, Kazakhstan
The Polygon, Southampton, a district in the city of Southampton
Polygon Wood, Zonnebeke, Belgium, site of the Battle of Passchendaele in World War I
Other uses
Polygon (film) a 1977 Soviet animation film
Polygon (website), a video game website
POLYGON experiment, an experiment in physical oceanography which established the existence of mesoscale eddies
Polygon Man, the former mascot for the Sony PlayStation in North America
Polygon, a Danish magazine (pencil and paper) version of the strategy board game Hex
Polygon, a chemical compound also known as sodium triphosphate
Polygons, a type of patterned ground created by permafrost expanding and contracting
See also
Poligon Creative Centre
Polygone, an electronic warfare tactics range between Germany and France
The Polygon (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compute%21%27s%20Gazette | Compute!'s Gazette (), stylized as COMPUTE!'s Gazette, was a computer magazine of the 1980s, directed at users of Commodore's 8-bit home computers. Announced as The Commodore Gazette, it was a Commodore-only daughter magazine of the computer hobbyist magazine Compute!. It was first published in July 1983.
It contained both standard articles and type-in programs. Many of these programs were quite long and sophisticated. To assist in entry, Gazette published several utilities. The Automatic Proofreader provided checksum capabilities for BASIC programs, while machine language listings could be entered with MLX. Starting in May 1984, a companion disk with each issue's programs was available to subscribers for an extra fee. Perhaps its most popular and enduring type-in application was the SpeedScript word processor. A monthly column, "The VIC Magician" by Michael Tomczyk, presented BASIC programming tips and tricks for the VIC-20 and Commodore 64.
The publication was reportedly profitable from its first issue, but towards the end of the 1980s, its size steadily decreased due to the increasing switch from 8-bit to 16-bit home computers. The last stand-alone issue of Compute!'s Gazette was published with cover date June 1990. At that point, the Compute! brand, including Gazette, was sold to the publishers of Omni and Penthouse. After a three-month publication hiatus, Gazette resumed publication, as an insert in the newly consolidated (and renamed) Compute (October 1990 issue) rather than as a separate magazine. It continued until December 1993, after which it switched to a disk-only format. Due to the declining Commodore userbase, publication ceased entirely after February 12, 1995.
References
External links
Compute!'s Gazette at the Internet Archive
Compute!'s Gazette Index – At the Classic Computer Magazine Archive, assembled by Kevin Savetz
Compute!'s Gazette at DLH's Commodore Archive website
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Commodore 8-bit computer magazines
Defunct computer magazines published in the United States
Magazines disestablished in 1995
Magazines established in 1983 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20F.%20Moore | James F. Moore studies co-evolution in social and economic systems. He is best known for pioneering the Business ecosystem approach to studying networks of organizations that together constitute a system of mutual support and that co-evolve contributions.
The business ecosystem is a form of organization distinct from and parallel to markets and firms. Moore argues that Business ecosystem is an essential unit of analysis for competition law, economics, sociology and management—a concept and unit of analysis that has been found necessary and helpful in business strategy and practice for many years.
His recent work involves an in-depth study of the multiple and interconnected nano science, semiconductor, System-on-Chips, global telecommunications services, smartphones and Internet-of-things devices, and app ecosystems.
Academia
Moore was a Senior Fellow at Harvard Law School's Berkman Center for Internet & Society from 2000 to 2004. He studied the interaction of law, technology and economic development in Africa.
Moore is on the Dean's Council of the Harvard School of Public Health and is a member of the International Advisory Board of the Harvard AIDS Institute and the Harvard AIDS Initiative.
Activism
In the spring of 2003 Moore began advocating against the US invasion of Iraq and wrote "The Second Superpower Rears its Beautiful Head" which imagines how citizens worldwide might someday join through Internet technology, engage international institutions, and help set global policy.
In the Winter of 2003-4 Moore was Director of Internet and Information Services for the Howard Dean campaign for US President.
In 2004 he co-founded the human rights blog "Passion of the Present" and blogged daily for more than a year to mobilize support for the victims of genocide in Darfur, Sudan. He was instrumental in the early days of Save Darfur Coalition, as well as the Genocide Intervention Network.
Business strategy
In an earlier career, Moore was a business strategist. He pioneered the term "business ecosystem" and was central in developing an ecological approach to business and economic strategy.
He presented an early version of this approach in a Harvard Business Review article entitled Predators and Prey: A New Ecology of Competition in May/June 1993, as well as in a book, The Death of Competition: Leadership and Strategy in the Age of Business Ecosystems
References
American businesspeople
Berkman Fellows
Evergreen State College alumni
Harvard University alumni
Williams College alumni
Episcopal Divinity School alumni
Stanford University alumni
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health people
Living people
1948 births |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAD/CAM%20in%20the%20footwear%20industry | CAD/CAM in the footwear industry is the use of computers and graphics software for designing and grading of shoe upper patterns and, for manufacturing of cutting dies, shoe lasts and sole moulds. CAD/CAM software is a PC-based system, which is made up of program modules. Today, there are 2D and 3D versions of CAD/CAM systems in the shoe industry.
Computer aided design was introduced in the shoe industry in the 1970s. Initially, it was used primarily for pattern grading. It enabled manufacturers to perform complex grading relatively easily and quickly. CAD systems today have been developed with a much wider range of functions. Logos, textures, and other decorations can be incorporated into product designs of both the uppers and soles to help reinforce branding on all areas of the model. It automates routine procedures, increasing speed and consistency, whilst reducing the possibility of mistakes. CAD data can now be used effectively for a wide variety of activities across footwear manufacturing business. CAD/CAM generates data at the design stage, which can be used right through the planning and manufacturing stages.
Latest improvements in the CAD/CAM technology are:
Graphic capabilities and interconnectivity have improved enormously.
Software developments have progressively made systems more intuitive and easier to use.
With 2D sketch and paint modules, a serviceable sketch can be produced and then colour and texture can be added.
3D systems enable the last and design to be viewed from any perspective and several angles even simultaneously.
With CAD/CAM software, footwear manufacturers can cut their time to market dramatically and so increase market share and profitability. In addition, the power and flexibility of the software can overcome restrictions to the designer's creativity imposed by traditional methods.
Sole design
CAD/CAM software can be used to generate machining data for shoe sole models and moulds Shoe sole mould makers are able to strengthen their capabilities of mould design and production techniques to meet the market demands for shorter product life cycle, quality improvement and handling versatile pattern design. This helps especially sports shoe producers to manufacture products rapidly and to introduce them earlier than their competitors.
3D CAD/CAM is the core technology for shoe sole mould in the footwear industry and develops towards specialization.
Benefits of CAD/CAM in the mould manufacturing are:
Total modeling for rapid generation of design concepts and variations
Reverse engineering from existing models or parts
Easy design modification and morphing capability
Completely accurate designs regardless of complexity
Group grading of soles and uppers
Advanced decorating techniques
Realistic onscreen visualization
Rapid generation of molds from product designs
References and suppliers
Commercial suppliers of CAD CAM for the footwear industry are listed on Shoeinfonet.com:
London College of Fashion libra |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rete | Rete may refer to:
Net (device), in Latin
The Network (), a former Italian political party
Rete algorithm, an efficient pattern matching algorithm for implementing production rule systems
Part of an astrolabe, a historical astronomical instrument
Net-like anatomic structures: Rete canalis hypoglossi, Rete carpale dorsale, Rete mirabile, Rete ovarii, Rete patellare, Rete pegs and ridges, Rete testes, Rete venosum.
See also
Plexus
Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI), an Italian company, owner of Italy's railway network |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AARON | AARON is the collective name for a series of computer programs written by artist Harold Cohen that create original artistic images.
Proceeding from Cohen's initial question "What are the minimum conditions under which a set of marks functions as an image?", AARON was in development between 1972 and the 2010s. As the software is not open source, its development effectively ended with Cohen's death in 2016. The name "AARON" does not seem to be an acronym; rather, it was a name chosen to start with the letter "A" so that the names of successive programs could follow it alphabetically. However, Cohen did not create any other major programs.
Initial versions of AARON created abstract drawings that grew more complex through the 1970s. More representational imagery was added in the 1980s; first rocks, then plants, then people. In the 1990s more representational figures set in interior scenes were added, along with color. AARON returned to more abstract imagery, this time in color, in the early 2000s.
Cohen used machines that allowed AARON to produce physical artwork. The first machines drew in black and white using a succession of custom-built "turtle" and flatbed plotter devices. Cohen would sometimes color these images by hand in fabric dye (Procion), or scale them up to make larger paintings and murals. In the 1990s Cohen built a series of digital painting machines to output AARON's images in ink and fabric dye. His later work used a large-scale inkjet printer on canvas.
Development of AARON began in the C programming language then switched to Lisp in the early 1990s. Cohen credits Lisp with helping him solve the challenges he faced in adding color capabilities to AARON.
An article about Cohen appeared in Computer Answers that describes AARON and shows two line drawings that were exhibited at the Tate gallery. The article goes on to describe the workings of AARON, then running on a DEC VAX 750 minicomputer.
Raymond Kurzweil's company has produced a downloadable screensaver of AARON for Microsoft Windows PCs. This version of AARON can also produce printable images. AARON's source code is not publicly available, but Cohen has described AARON's operations in various essays and it is discussed in abstract in Pamela McCorduck's book.
AARON cannot learn new styles or imagery on its own; each new capability must be hand-coded by Cohen. It is capable of producing a practically infinite supply of distinct images in its own style. Examples of these images have been exhibited in galleries worldwide. AARON's artwork has been used as an artistic equivalent of the Turing test. It does seem however that AARON's output follows a noticeable formula (figures standing next to a potted plant, framed within a colored square is a common theme).
Cohen is very careful not to claim that AARON is creative. But he does ask "If what AARON is making is not art, what is it exactly, and in what ways, other than its origin, does it differ from the 'real thing?' If it is not |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuchsia%20%28disambiguation%29 | Fuchsia is a plant species in the genus Fuchsia.
Fuchsia may also refer to:
Science and technology
Fuchsia (color), a reddish-purple color
Fuchsia (operating system), an operating system by Google
Organisms
Brazilian fuchsia, Justicia floribunda
California fuchsia, Epilobium canum (formerly Zauschneria californica)
Cape fuchsia, plant species in the genus Phygelius
Fuchsia bush, plants species in the genus Eremophila
Fuchsia (moth), a concealer moth genus of subfamily Amphisbatinae
Arts and entertainment
Fuchsia Groan, a fictional character in the Gormenghast novels by Mervyn Peake
Fuchsia (band), a 1970s musical group
Fuchsia (film), a 2009 Philippine film
Fuchsia, one of The Devil Girls, characters in the Sinfest comic strip
Fuchsia City, a settlement in the Kanto region of the Pokémon universe
Other uses
Fuchsia (clothing) a former fashion company
USS Fuchsia (1863), a ship of the Union Navy in the American Civil War |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take%20My%20Wife%2C%20Sleaze | "Take My Wife, Sleaze" is the eighth episode of the eleventh season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 28, 1999. In the episode, Homer wins a Harley-Davidson motorcycle and starts his own outlaw motorcycle club, naming it "Hell's Satans". However, this attracts the real club called "Hell's Satans" to crash at their house. After a while, they begin to appreciate Marge, who takes care of them, and kidnap her. Homer tracks them down and scuffles with Meathook, the leader of the gang. The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Neil Affleck, and features several guest appearances.
Plot
The family visit a 50s-style diner where Homer and Marge win a dancing contest. Their prize is a vintage Harley-Davidson motorcycle. Bart teaches his father how to ride it, and he then rides it everywhere — into the school, the church, and the bedroom. He forms an outlaw motorcycle club named the Hell's Satans. Its members are: Moe, riding an old motorcycle; Carl, riding a Vespa; Ned Flanders, riding a bicycle; and Lenny, riding a lawnmower. They assert themselves all over Springfield. But Homer is then confronted by a real motorcycle gang with the same name; they force him to eat all his apparel on which their name is marked; and they take over the Simpsons' home.
They trash the place, but Marge cleans up and takes good care of them; when they leave, they take her with them. They assure her she is safe because none of them find her sexually attractive, which she hears with mixed feelings. She is a good influence, and persuades them to give up violence and find proper jobs. But Homer tracks them down, fights with their leader, and wins her back. On the way home, he goes into at a biker bar where he had been beaten up, and comes out with a Duff keg.
Production and themes
"Take My Wife, Sleaze" was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Neil Affleck as part of the eleventh season of The Simpsons (1999–2000). Guest starring in the episode were John Goodman as Meathook, Henry Winkler as Ramrod, Jay North as himself, NRBQ as themselves, and Jan Hooks as Manjula. NRBQ drummer Tom Ardolino said in an interview before "Take My Wife, Sleaze" aired that the band's appearance is "real quick. We're in a bar that Homer goes in looking for Marge. We're the band playing in the bar." Bass player Joey Spampinato commented, "We got to sit around the table when they read the script and it was pretty funny stuff." In addition to appearing in the episode, NRBQ performed the Simpsons theme music over the closing credits. Executive producer Mike Scully considers NRBQ to be one of his favorite bands, and their songs had already been used in three episodes of the show that aired not long before this episode was produced.
The name of Homer's gang, the Hell's Satans, is a reference to the real-life motorcycle gang and organized crime syndicate Hells Angels. Authors Paul Broug |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight%20Misbehavin%27 | "Eight Misbehavin is the seventh episode of the eleventh season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 21, 1999. In the episode, after Manjula gives birth to octuplets that were the result of fertility drugs, she and Apu unintentionally allow a zookeeper to exploit their babies in exchange for help after corporate sponsors abandon them for a Shelbyville mom that has given birth to nonuplets.
Reception of the episode from television critics has been mixed.
Plot
The family visits Shøp, a parody of IKEA, and run into Apu and Manjula. Manjula is entranced by Maggie and the couple decide to have a baby. With the help of fertility drugs given by Apu and, secretly, by the Simpsons, Manjula gives birth—to octuplets. This makes headlines across Springfield, with local companies giving the Nahasapeemapetilons free products. However, when nonuplets are born to a family in Shelbyville, the gifts are revoked. Apu and Manjula are soon exhausted, raising eight children at once.
The owner of Springfield Zoo, Larry Kidkill, offers to help if the parents sign a contract permitting him to display the children. They reluctantly agree, but discover that he is going to use their children in a show called "Octopia" several times a day. Apu wants to liberate them, but Kidkill will not allow him to break the contract, and Chief Wiggum refuses to help having been bribed by Kidkill with free peanuts. Apu and Homer sneak into the zoo at night and steal the babies back.
They rush the octuplets to the Simpson household but Kidkill tracks them down. Homer makes a deal with Kidkill: he will perform instead of the octuplets. He rides a tricycle with Butch Patrick on his shoulders, both dressed as Eddie Munster, among poisonous cobras (some real, some animatronic). Onstage, Homer is mercilessly attacked by snakes and by a mongoose put in to contain them.
Production and themes
"Eight Misbehavin' was written by Matt Selman and directed by Steven Dean Moore as part of the eleventh season of The Simpsons (1999–2000). Guest starring in the episode were Jan Hooks (as Manjula), Garry Marshall (as Larry Kidkill), and Butch Patrick (as himself). According to Jonathan Gray in his 2006 book Watching with The Simpsons: Television, Parody, and Intertextuality, the episode makes fun of the "conflation of real time and occasional predilection for time jumps" often seen in sitcoms. He further noted that in "Eight Misbehavin", "in order to fit a character's pregnancy into one episode, we skip nine months." Gray wrote in his book that "Here, we are treated to a parody not only of how awkwardly time jumps are proposed, but also of how ultimately irrelevant any sitcom time is — nothing really changes, after all — and finally, of the sort of plots that traditionally fill sitcom time." The title "Eight Misbehavin' is a reference to the song Ain't Misbehavin', by Fats Waller.
Cultural references
Several re |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV%20Evening%20News | The ITV Evening News is the evening news programme produced by ITN on the British television network ITV. It airs Monday to Friday from 6:30pm, covering British national and international news stories and is presented by Mary Nightingale.
History
On 22 September 1955 when the ITV television service was launched, ITN provided an early evening news service at 5:50pm. It was known as ITN News, and presented by Gordon Honeycombe. This simple bulletin made use of a single camera, and was intended as a round-up of the day's headlines and looking at stories to be covered in more length by that evening's edition of News at Ten.
On 6 September 1976, ITN News moved to 5:45pm and was renamed News at 545. The 545 marked a major departure in presentational style from the ITN News that had preceded it. Initially, the bulletins were broadcast from the Police 5 studio, which enabled the producers to make extensive use of chromakey to display images behind the newscaster, several studio cameras, interviews with correspondents in the studio and on a TV monitor, and wide screen shots of the studio set at the beginning and end of the programme, and when handing over to correspondents.
Alastair Burnet was the original presenter of the News at 545. Michael Nicholson fronted the bulletin on Fridays, and was also a relief presenter. Immediately after the animated visual 'roll' and electronic theme music at the beginning, an announcer intoned in a hushed tone: "The news at 5:45, with Alastair Burnett/Michael Nicholson". Other relief presenters in the late 1970s included Leonard Parkin, who at the time also regularly hosted the News at One, and Martyn Lewis. In March 1980, when Burnet departed the 545 to present News at Ten, Nicholson replaced him as lead presenter, with Carol Barnes taking over as relief presenter. In September 1986, Nicholson left the 545 to return to war reporting, and was replaced by Alastair Stewart.
On 4 April 1988 the News at 545 underwent some cosmetic changes, with the animated visual 'roll' logo and electronic theme music being dropped in favour of a new computer-generated opening sequence and a more contemporary theme tune; the studio images were still inlaid using chromakey, although these were now also generated by computer. The programme was moved to the main newsroom within the ITN headquarters building, and full-length reports were now featured as part of the programme. ITN dispensed with the "main" presenter and relief host format, and instead a "team" of newscasters – Alastair Stewart, Fiona Armstrong, Nicholas Owen, Trevor McDonald, Sue Carpenter and Carol Barnes – began presenting the show on a "rotation" basis. On 13 February 1989, the introduction of a national weather forecast at the end of the programme led to the bulletin's timeslot starting earlier at 5:40pm, being extended in length and the title being changed to News at 540.
Due to the Gulf Crisis of 1991, ITN were temporarily granted a full half-hour slot each evening; th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV%20Lunchtime%20News | The ITV Lunchtime News is the afternoon news programme produced by ITN on the British television network ITV. It airs Monday to Friday from 1:30pm, covering British national and international news stories and is presented by Nina Hossain. The bulletin's time-slot is occasionally brought forward to a 1pm start-time in the event of ITV Racing coverage airing on ITV.
History
Television broadcasting hours in the United Kingdom had been tightly regulated and controlled by the British government until 1972, when the then Conservative government under Prime Minister Edward Heath decided to end all limits and restrictions on the broadcasting hours of television.
ITV had been campaigning for the end of the restrictions since the mid-1960s, and finally on 19 January 1972, the government announced the lifting of all restrictions, allowing proper daytime television to launch on both the BBC and ITV.
ITN had provided a short lunchtime news summary to start the ITV schedules on a Saturday since 1959, with an afternoon news summary on a Sunday starting in the mid-1960s, however it was the lifting of the restrictions on 16 October 1972 which helped ITN to launch a codified, more solid weekday lunchtime news programme as part of a raft of new programming which would now take up broadcasting hours which were up to 1972 restricted to schools programming and adult education.
The programme was first broadcast on 16 October 1972 as First Report, a twenty-minute bulletin presented by Robert Kee at 12:40pm. The bulletin was moved to 1:00pm on 7 September 1974 and retitled as News at One on 6 September 1976. Leonard Parkin and Peter Sissons alternated as the programme's lead presenters in the same year after Kee's departure.
On 20 July 1987, the bulletin was relaunched as News at 12:30. Jon Snow and former BBC newsreader Julia Somerville fronted alternate editions of the programme. On 7 March 1988, ITV's daytime programming was rejigged and the bulletin was moved back to its 1:00pm timeslot. News at One later relaunched on 16 October 1989 with John Suchet as its lead presenter. On 7 January 1991, the programme moved this time to 12:30pm.
On 2 March 1992, News at 12:30 was relaunched as the Lunchtime News with a dual-presenting team comprising Nicholas Owen and Carol Barnes. On 6 March 1995, ITN's news bulletins were relaunched with a cohesive identity. The Lunchtime News on air team was revamped, this time with a returning Julia Somerville alongside Dermot Murnaghan. Owen and Barnes remained as relief presenters.
On 8 March 1999, coinciding with a further relaunch of ITN's news bulletins, John Suchet returned to the newly named ITV Lunchtime News to replace Murnaghan, now lead presenter of the new ITV Nightly News. On 22 January 2001, as part of a wider reorganisation of ITV News, Suchet became the sole presenter of the Lunchtime News; in mid-2002, he was replaced by Nicholas Owen.
On 2 February 2004, ITV News was relaunched and the 12:30pm bulletin was restructu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP%20Time-Shared%20BASIC | HP Time-Shared BASIC (HP TSB) is a BASIC programming language interpreter for Hewlett-Packard's HP 2000 line of minicomputer-based time-sharing computer systems. TSB is historically notable as the platform that released the first public versions of the game Star Trek.
The system implements a dialect of BASIC as well as a rudimentary user account and program library that allows multiple people to use the system at once. The systems were a major force in the early-to-mid 1970s and generated a large number of programs. HP maintained a database of contributed-programs and customers could order them on punched tape for a nominal fee.
Most BASICs of the 1970s trace their history to the original Dartmouth BASIC of the 1960s, but early versions of Dartmouth did not handle string variables or offer string manipulation features. Vendors added their own solutions; HP used a system similar to Fortran and other languages with array slicing, while DEC later introduced the MID/LEFT/RIGHT functions.
As microcomputers began to enter the market in the mid-1970s, many new BASICs appeared that based their parsers on DEC's or HP's syntax. Altair BASIC, the original version of what became Microsoft BASIC, was patterned on DEC's BASIC-PLUS. Others, including Apple's Integer BASIC, Atari BASIC and North Star BASIC were patterned on the HP style. This made conversions between these platforms somewhat difficult if string handling was encountered.
Nomenclature
The software was also known by its versioned name, tied to the hardware version on which it ran, such as HP 2000C Time-Shared BASIC and the operating system came in different varieties — 2000A, 2000B, 2000C, High-Speed 2000C, 2000E, and 2000F.
HP also referred to the language as "Access BASIC" in some publications. This matched the naming of the machines on which it ran, known as the "2000/Access" in some publications. This terminology appears to have been used only briefly when the platform was first launched.
Platform details
Except for the 2000A and 2000E systems, the system is implemented using a dual-processor architecture. One fully configured HP 2100-series processor is used for the execution of most of the system code and all of the user code, while a second, smaller HP 2100-series processor is used to handle the RS-232 serial lines through which the time-sharing users connected. Depending on the hardware configuration, the system supports up to 16 or up to 32 simultaneous remote users.
The usual terminal for a TSB system was a Teletype Model 33 ASR and connected directly to the I/O processor or through a modem or acoustic coupler. Account names are a combination of one alphabetic character, followed by three decimal digits, e.g., B001. Privileged accounts started with the letter "A" and had some additional command and program storage capabilities. The superuser account is A000. This scheme allows up to 26,000 user accounts.
During execution, user programs are swapped to a fixed head drive — physic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GlobeXplorer | GlobeXplorer was an online spatial data company that compiled and distributed aerial photos, satellite imagery, and map data from their online spatial archives. GlobeXplorer has been credited as the first company to establish a business around compiling and distributing online aerial and satellite imagery. In 2007, the company was acquired by DigitalGlobe.
GlobeXplorer's imagery and property data was licensed to many online information websites. GlobeXplorer obtained its content through online distribution relationships with about 30 of the world's top acquirers of aerial, satellite, and property data. GlobeXplorer's primary products were the ImageAtlas ecommerce storefront and ImageBuilder web developer toolkit. It also provided ImageConnect extensions and web services for GIS and Computer-aided design.
GlobeXplorer's defensible core competence was its ability to meter custom profiles of content for consumers and pay royalties to providers based on 512x512 "standard image units" (SIU). This was accomplished through content hosting, delivery via APIs and application plugins, and
building a custom billing system modeled around TELCO call rating and inter-bank settlement accounting. Beyond imagery, the billing system also supported metering of vector data and usage of floating license tokens for programs such as Arc/INFO, PCI and ERDAS.
History
GlobeXplorer was founded in 1999 by Rob Shanks, Michael Fisher, Chris Nicholas, and Paul Smith (former executives at HJW GeoSpatial, Inc.) through partnerships with Sun Microsystems, NASA, and Oracle Corporation. It grew from a NASA EOCAP project of HJW's to place ready-made orthophotography online, and an internal project of Sun Microsystems and Oracle to counter the Microsoft "Terraserver" technology demonstration. The EOCAP project concluded with the creation of an 'earth imagery' searchable website in 1998. HJW was acquired by Harrods of London, who provided financial backing to spin out the online effort into GlobeXplorer, which launched its public website in September 2000. An article entitled "Now you, too, can be a Spy" appeared on the front page of the Wall Street Journal's business section, and traffic reached nearly 4 million page views the first day.
In 2000, the company unveiled the largest Earth imagery archive.
In 2005, GlobeXplorer acquired AirPhotoUSA, a provider of aerial imagery.
In January 2007, Stewart Title sold the company to DigitalGlobe.
See also
Oracle Grid Engine
References
Online databases
American photography websites
GIS companies
Technology companies established in 1999
Technology companies disestablished in 2007
Defunct technology companies of the United States
Companies based in Contra Costa County, California
Walnut Creek, California
2007 mergers and acquisitions
1999 establishments in California
2007 disestablishments in California |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter-quality%20printer | A letter-quality printer was a form of computer impact printer that was able to print with the quality typically expected from a business typewriter such as an IBM Selectric.
A letter-quality printer operates in much the same fashion as a typewriter. A metal or plastic printwheel embossed with letters, numbers, or symbols strikes an inked ribbon, depositing the ink (or carbon, if an expensive single-strike ribbon was installed) on the page and thus printing a character.
Over time, several different technologies were developed including automating ordinary typebar typewriter mechanisms (such as the Friden Flexowriter), daisy wheel printers (dating from a 1939 patent, but brought to life in the 1970s by Diablo engineer David S. Lee) where the type is moulded around the edge of a wheel, and "golf ball" (the popular informal name for "typeball", as used in the IBM Selectric typewriter) printers where the type is distributed over the face of a globe-shaped printhead (including automating IBM Selectric mechanisms such as the IBM 2741 terminal). The daisy wheel and Selectric-based printers offered the advantage that the typeface was readily changeable by the user to accommodate varying needs.
These printers were referred to as "letter-quality printers" during their heyday, and could produce text which was as clear and crisp as a typewriter (though they were nowhere near the quality of printing presses). Most were available either as complete computer terminals with keyboards (or with a keyboard add-on option) that could double as a typewriter in stand-alone ("off-line") mode, or as print-only devices. Because of its low cost at the time, the daisy wheel printer became the most successful, the method used by Diablo, Qume, Brother and Apple.
Letter-quality impact printers, however, were slow, noisy, incapable of printing graphics or images (unless the programmable microspacing and over-use of the dot were employed), sometimes limited to monochrome, and limited to a fixed set (usually one) of typefaces without operator intervention, though certain font effects like underlining and boldface could be achieved by overstriking. Soon, dot-matrix printers (such as the Oki Microline 84) would offer "Near Letter Quality" (NLQ) modes which were much faster than daisy-wheel printers, could produce graphics well, but were still very noticeably lower than "letter quality". Nowadays, printers using non-impact printing (for example laser printers, inkjet printers, and other similar means) have replaced traditional letter-quality printers in most applications. The quality of inkjet printers can approach the old letter-quality impact printers (but can be limited by factors such as paper type).
Use in word processing
Dedicated word processors and WP software for general-purpose computers that rose in popularity in the late 1970s and 1980s would use features such as microspacing (usually by 1/120 of an inch horizontally and, possibly, 1/48 of an inch vertically) t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LQP | LQP may refer to:
Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota, United States
Letter-quality printer, a form of computer impact printer
LQP, the station code for Liaquat Pur railway station, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid%20compression | In computing, solid compression is a method for data compression of multiple files, wherein all the uncompressed files are concatenated and treated as a single data block. Such an archive is called a solid archive. It is used natively in the 7z and RAR formats, as well as indirectly in tar-based formats such as .tar.gz and .tar.bz2. By contrast, the ZIP format is not solid because it stores separately compressed files (though solid compression can be emulated for small archives by combining the files into an uncompressed archive file and then compressing that archive file inside a second compressed ZIP file).
Explanation
Compressed file formats often feature both compression (storing the data in a small space) and archiving (storing multiple files and metadata in a single file). One can combine these in two natural ways:
compress the individual files, and then archive into a single file;
archive into a single data block, and then compress.
The order matters (these operations do not commute), and the latter is solid compression.
In Unix, compression and archiving are traditionally separate operations, which allows one to understand this distinction:
Compressing individual files and then archiving would be a tar gzip-compressed files this is very uncommon.
Archiving various uncompressed files via tar and compressing yields a compressed archive: a .tar.gz file this is solid compression.
A rough graphical representation
In this example, three files each have a common part with the same information, a unique part with information not in the other files, and an "air" part with low-entropy and accordingly well-compressible information.
original file A
original file B
original file C
non solid archive:
solid archive:
Rationale
Benefits
Solid compression allows for much better compression rates when all the files are similar, which is often the case if they are of the same file format. It can also be efficient when archiving a large number of small files.
Costs
On the other hand, getting a single file out of a solid archive requires processing all the files before it, so modifying solid archives could be slow and inconvenient. On newer formats such as 7-zip, there is a solid block size option that allows for the concatenated data block to be split into individually-compressed smaller blocks, so that only a limited amount of data in the block must be processed in order to extract one file. Parameters control the maximum solid block window size, the number of files in a block, and whether blocks are separated by file extension.
Additionally, if the archive becomes even slightly damaged, some of the data (sometimes even all data) after the damaged part in the block can be unusable (depending on the compression and archiving format), whereas in a non-solid archive format, usually only one file is unusable and the subsequent files can usually still be extracted.
References
Data compression |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%20Mallory | Simon Mallory is an Australian actor who played Chris Cousens in the Australian soap opera Neighbours from 2003 to 2005. He was a series regular on the Nine Network late night sketch comedy series Comedy Inc - The Late Shift.
Following high school graduation, he spent some time working as a stunt performer at a Japanese amusement park where he learned to speak Japanese.
He has acted on stage, including for the Melbourne Workers Theatre and the Australian Shakespeare Company.
Mallory has been in charge of the starting gun at Tough Mudder obstacle course races in Australia for many years motivating the crowd and having racers undertake the Tough Mudder pledge. At the end of the SEQ event in 2019, Simon was voted the preferred MC (85% preference rate) at the event over his sidekick Danny Alder.
In 2018, he appeared in commercials for RAA.
He currently works in the Thunder Lake Stunt Show at Sea World, where the Sun State All Stars and the Bay City River Rats perform a final showdown to decide once and for all who rules the iconic Sea World lake.
In 2022, he had a brief appearance in the Elvis movie as an NBC Floor Manager.
References
External links
Living people
Australian male television actors
Australian male stage actors
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise%20Radio%20Network | Enterprise Radio Network was an all-sports radio network which operated briefly in 1981. It featured sports newscasts twice an hour, and sports talk during the evening and overnight.
Creation and programming
Enterprise Radio was created by Scott Rasmussen, the son of Bill Rasmussen, who was the founder of ESPN. The all sports radio network went on the air in January 1981 and lasted until September 21, 1981. The network broadcast sports reports twice an hour and did live phone in sports talk from 6 p.m. to 8 a.m. Eastern Time seven days a week.
Talk show hosts and update announcers included John Sterling, the current voice of the New York Yankees; Don Chevrier, the longtime TV voice of the Toronto Blue Jays; network radio veterans John O'Reilly, Dan Davis and Bob Buck; Curt Chaplin, the announcer for the iconic TV show, The People's Court; Jay Howard, the radio voice of the San Antonio Spurs' first NBA championship; and Bill Denehy, a former major league pitcher. The network reached approximately 74 stations nationwide at its peak, with most local stations broadcasting the talk shows and the sports reports to supplement their local programming.
ER also carried the 1981 Stanley Cup Finals and did extensive coverage of the National Sports Festival in Syracuse, New York. Network radio veteran John Chanin was the executive producer.
Struggle to keep afloat
While the station had hired over 100 reporters, announcers and producers from across the country, they failed to secure enough advertising to keep the operation afloat. The final six weeks of existence saw the staff go without pay, hoping an investor would save the network. It did not happen and the last broadcast was the overnight show with Greg Gilmartin that ended at 8 a.m. on the 21st.
Aftermath
Two Enterprise Radio interns, Kevin Harlan and Sean McDonough, became network play-by-play announcers.
The Rasmussens failed to pay into State of Connecticut unemployment fund and were arrested in late 1981. (Hartford Courant) A settlement where employees received a small percentage of money owed was finalized in 1982 (Hartford Courant).
In 2010, John Birchard, who served as auto racing reporter for the network, wrote a book about Enterprise titled Jock Around the Clock - The Story of History's First All-Sports Radio Network.
See also
List of United States radio networks
References
Sports radio in the United States
Defunct radio networks in the United States
Radio stations established in 1981
Radio stations disestablished in 1981
Mass media companies established in 1981
Mass media companies disestablished in 1981
1981 establishments in Connecticut
1981 disestablishments in Connecticut
Defunct radio stations in the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC%20Talknet | NBC Talknet was a nighttime programming block on the NBC Radio Network from the 1980s to the 1990s. It comprised several advice-oriented call-in talk shows, the most notable personalities being Bruce Williams and Sally Jessy Raphael. At a time when talk radio was a mostly local format, Talknet, among similar services, brought the format to a national level.
History
Prior to the late 1970s, AM radio was still largely dominated by all-music formats. Many individual radio stations had introduced some talk programming to their lineups, but it was almost universally locally produced. The concept of national talk radio, broadcast over a radio network, had not been tried. In 1975, Herb Jepko pioneered the first nationwide late-night call-in radio program heard on the Mutual Broadcasting System.
Jepko was briefly succeeded on Mutual by Long John Nebel and Candy Jones in 1977. In January 1978, Larry King began broadcasting six hours of talk programming nightly on Mutual; King's program rapidly gained a large following, and his success proved to radio programmers that there was an audience for both late-night talk programming and national talk radio programming. NBC and ABC were quick to follow Mutual into the late-night talk radio market. ABC launched a nightly block of programming called TalkRadio and NBC launched Talknet.
Programming
At the time when Talknet was introduced, the Fairness Doctrine was still in place, requiring radio and television stations, among other things, to give equal time to both sides of controversial issues presented on the air. As a result, most radio stations avoided opinion programming and instead opted for call-in shows such as those featured on Talknet that were advice-oriented, with listeners calling in to ask questions and receive help with various issues and problems in their lives.
Talknet premiered on 21 stations nationwide on Monday, November 2, 1981. Early affiliates included WRC Washington; WIOD Miami; KXL Portland, Oregon; WJW Cleveland; KFBK Sacramento; WLW Cincinnati; KOB Albuquerque; WDAY Fargo; WOOD Grand Rapids; WCAR Detroit; and WSTV Steubenville, Ohio. Maurice Tunick was creator and executive producer.
Tunick: "I came up with the name 'Talknet' and created and developed the 'Dear Abby' format for Sally Jessy Raphael which I tested earlier that year on NBC's WRC in Washington D.C. Prior to Talknet the only radio advice shows were hosted by clinical psychologists. My idea for Sally was 'a friend.' Over the back fence advice. Someone to talk to, someone who cares (as the theme music said). A daring, revolutionary idea at the time. Sally was a well-traveled but unknown broadcaster at the time. Sally's TV show would start a couple of years later (1983), a direct result of her Talknet success. Much forgotten is that Bruce Williams originally aired at 10 PM Eastern to Midnight, and Sally Jessy Raphael aired Midnight to 3 AM Eastern time. That quickly changed, I'm not sure how long, maybe a couple of months, to 7 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Urban%20Radio%20Networks | American Urban Radio Networks (AURN) is the only African-American owned and operated Nielsen RADAR-rated radio network in the United States.
Privately held for the last three years with new ownership, AURN reaches an estimated 25 million listeners weekly and provides the advertising community with multiple networks and marketing & digital capabilities.
AURN Inspirational is a 24/7 Gospel music network featuring Inspirations with Liz Black, The Hezekiah Walker Show, The Hezekiah Walker Gospel Countdown, and The Bobby Jones Show. AURN handles affiliations, sales, and marketing for national morning programs Streetz Morning Takeover with Yung Joc and Ebro in The Morning with Laura Stylez and Peter Rosenberg, as well as Nessa on Air, Quiet Storm with Lenny Green, The Marvin Sapp Radio Show, The Bassment with E-Rock, The Come Up with Tye Tribbett, Most Requested Live with Romeo, and Pod Digital multicultural podcast network.
AURN is the only African-American broadcasting company with a desk in the White House and has offices in New York City, Pittsburgh, Boston, Chicago, and Los Angeles.
References
External links
American Urban Radio Networks
American radio networks
African-American radio
African-American mass media
Organizations established in 1991
1991 establishments in Pennsylvania |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual%20Black%20Network | The Mutual Black Network (MBN) was founded by the Mutual Broadcasting System in 1972 as the first national full-service radio network aimed at African Americans; it was initially branded as Mutual Reports before the branding change to MBN. With 98 affiliated stations across the United States, including flagship WNJR in New York, the network broadcast an hourly five-minute newscast at 50 minutes past the hour. It also aired sports and feature programs, and for one year beginning in the spring of 1974, a 15-minute daily soap opera called Sounds Of The City.
Some of its special programming focused on African-American history, much of which was researched, written and narrated by MBN news anchor Ben Frazier. Other MBN news anchors included Glen Ford, John Askew and Ed Castleberry; Castleberry also hosted a celebrity interview program, Soul of Entertainment.
In 1981, the Mutual Black Network was purchased by Sheridan Broadcasting, an African American-owned company which had been a minority stockholder in MBN, and renamed the Sheridan Broadcasting Network. A decade later, SBN merged with the rival National Black Network, forming the present-day American Urban Radio Networks.
Affiliates
WNJR, Newark, New Jersey, in the New York City market --flagship station
WDAS-FM and WDAS in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
KCOH in Houston; Texas
KJET in Beaumont, Port Arthur, Texas
KOKY in Little Rock, Arkansas
KPRS AM‐FM in Kansas City
KYAC AM‐FM in Kirkland and Seattle, Washington
KWK in St. Louis, Missouri
WABQ in Cleveland, Ohio
WERD in Jacksonville, Florida
WIGO in Atlanta, Georgia
WRBD, Broward County, Florida and its sister FM station WCKO
WVKO in Columbus, Ohio
WWIL-FM in Wilmington, North Carolina
See also
National Black Network
References
Defunct radio stations in the United States
African-American radio
Defunct radio networks in the United States
African-American mass media
Organizations established in 1972
Mutual Broadcasting System |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual%20Lifestyle%20Radio | Mutual Lifestyle Radio was a radio network launched by the Mutual Broadcasting System. It was created in the early 1970s as Mutual Progressive Network (a.k.a. MPN) when Mutual, having lost their lawsuit attempting to prevent ABC from splitting into four radio networks in 1968, decided to take a similar tactic, also launching Mutual Black Network (a.k.a. MBN), Mutual Cadena Hispánica (translated to "Mutual Spanish Network"), & Mutual Southwest Network. The network was re-branded in 1980 and subsequently abandoned in 1983.
Mutual Lifestyle Radio aired an hourly newscast at 55 minutes past the hour, which focused primarily on "" and stories aimed at contemporary and AOR radio audiences. The newscast was originally branded "Progressive News" to differentiate itself from the "Comprehensive News" that aired on the hour and half-hour.
American radio programs
Defunct radio networks in the United States
Mutual Broadcasting System
Radio stations disestablished in 1983 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RKO%20Radio%20Network | The RKO Radio Network, a subsidiary of RKO General, was the first commercial radio network to distribute programming entirely by satellite. When it began operations on October 1, 1979, the initial RKO network was the first new full-service American radio network in 40 years. Satellite distribution allowed high-fidelity (15 kHz) stereo programming to its affiliates.
News and programming
The newscasts, aimed at a young adult audience, had a conversational, high-energy style developed by co-founders Vice President and News Director Dave Cooke, and Vice President of Programming Jo Interrelate.
RKO was popular from the start, signing up hundreds of affiliates coast to coast. Its base was the RKO General-owned radio stations in New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco and other large markets. RKO initially purchased downlink satellite dishes for its affiliates, creating the nation's first satellite-delivered commercial radio network.
The original network, which fed newscasts at :50 repeated at :00, became known as RKO 1 when RKO 2 debuted on September 1, 1981, at which point the two collectively became RKO Radio Networks. RKO 2 fed newscasts at :20 repeated at :30 and was aimed at an older audience. Both networks offered sportscasts, music, public affairs programming and closed-circuit affiliate feeds of news and sports correspondent reports and news-maker actualities.
The networks were home to three groundbreaking long-form programs. NightTime America with Bob Dearborn was the first live, daily, satellite-delivered music show in radio history. Dearborn produced and hosted the five-hour adult contemporary show from January 9, 1981, until 1984. January 9, 1981, was also the premier of America Overnight, a six-hour interview and call-in show hosted by Eric Tracey in Los Angeles and Ed Busch from Dallas. It was the first national talk show delivered by satellite. It also marked the first time a network offered simultaneous overnight programs. Dick Bartley created, produced and hosted the first live national oldies radio show, Solid Gold Saturday Night.
Headquarters
The RKO Radio Networks were headquartered at 1440 Broadway in New York City, also the home of co-owned WOR (AM). The offices were the former headquarters of the Mutual Broadcasting System when RKO General owned Mutual. RKO also staffed news bureaus in Washington, D.C., and London.
Notable events
Last John Lennon interview
The network aired the last interview with John Lennon, recorded at The Dakota just hours before his death on December 8, 1980, by Dave Sholin, a San Francisco DJ, and scriptwriter/newscaster Laurie Kaye, with radio producer Ron Hummel, who put together many music specials for RKO.
Billing scandal and sale
After advertising billing scandals involving RKO's television stations and later the radio networks came to light, the RKO Radio Networks were sold in 1985 to the United Stations Radio Network. United Stations was merged with Transtar Radio Networks to form Unis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Big%20Mom | "Little Big Mom" is the tenth episode of the eleventh season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 9, 2000, the first episode of the new millennium. In the episode, while the rest of the Simpson family goes skiing, Marge remains at the ski lodge due to her fear of skiing, only to break her leg from a falling clock. As a result, while hospitalized, Marge leaves Lisa to take care of the house. When Bart and Homer refuse to help out with the chores, Lisa pulls a prank on them by making it look like they have leprosy.
The episode includes a guest appearance from Elwood Edwards, and features several references to Lucille Ball and her television work.
Plot
Homer stops Marge from throwing away the junk in the attic. When he finds some never-used skis among the junk, he decides to take the family on a skiing holiday. Marge stays in the ski lodge, not wanting to risk injury on the slopes, but is hit by a clock falling off a wall and suffers a broken leg.
As Marge recovers in the hospital, Lisa confidently declares that she, Homer, and Bart can keep the house in order. However, Homer and Bart prove to be of no help and the house quickly becomes a mess. When Lisa calls Marge and asks her to come home, Marge lies and says she is not yet well enough to be discharged; in truth, she is enjoying her time away from doing housework.
Exasperated at the slovenly behavior of her father and brother, Lisa is visited by the ghost of Lucille Ball and takes her advice for a scheme to get revenge on them. While Homer and Bart sleep, Lisa uses a mixture of oatmeal and green paint to apply fake sores to their skin, throwing them into a panic once they wake up. Lisa uses a medical website to trick them into thinking they have contracted leprosy, then suggests that they clean up the house in order to reduce the chance of spreading it. Instead, Homer and Bart flee to Ned Flanders' house, again leaving Lisa to clean up the mess at home.
By the time Marge leaves the hospital, Homer and Bart are nowhere to be found. Ned reveals that he and his family sent them to a treatment center on Molokai, in Hawaii, so Marge and Lisa fly there. Homer and Bart have figured out that they do not actually have leprosy, but are keeping up the deception in order to have a free vacation despite the painful treatments they must endure. The family settles in to enjoy their time on Molokai as Homer screams in agony.
Production
"Little Big Mom" was written by Carolyn Omine and directed by Mark Kirkland as part of the eleventh season of The Simpsons (1999–2000). Elwood Edwards, known as the voice of the Internet service provider America Online, guest starred in the episode as the Virtual Doctor that confirms Homer and Bart's leprosy.
Omine recalled in a retrospective that it was George Meyer who came up with the premise of Marge (ironically) injuring herself at a ski lodge. The scene where Ned Flanders sho |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Black%20Network | The National Black Network, or NBN, began operation on July 2, 1973 as the first coast-to-coast radio network wholly owned by African Americans.
Early years
The idea for a National Black Network was conceived by former ABC Radio and Mutual Broadcasting System President Robert Pauley in 1969 as a way to utilize Mutual's contracted but unused network lines for the benefit of African-Americans. The goal was to tie together the 117 radio stations in the country to serve African-American audience.
The National Black Network became the first coast-to-coast radio network fully owned by African-Americans on July 2, 1973 in New York City. The NBN was the brainchild of white media executive Robert Pauley, who eventually handed over the idea to African-American Executives Eugene D. Jackson, Sydney L. Small and African-American Journalists Vince Sanders and Roy Wood,Sr.[1][2][3]
Pauley, a white American, a president of both ABC Radio and Mutual Broadcasting System, looked for a way to utilize Mutual’s unused network lines to create 117 stations to serve a Black audience. Pauley was unable to raise the $1 million in capital he needed, and therefore turned to Eugene D. Jackson, an African American electrical engineer and Black business consultant.[1] Sydney L. Small, a former employee of ABC Radio Network, and Del Raycee of Mutual Broadcasting, joined Jackson and Pauley. Mr. Pauley finally became frustrated with the difficult task of raising the $1,000,000 in capital needed to start the operation and abandoned the effort [1]. Jackson and Small along with Del Raycee of Mutual Broadcasting System persevered and finally launch the National Black Network on July 2, 1972 in New York City with 25 affiliates.[1]
NBN aired 5-minute newscasts at the hour and sportscasts several times a day at the half-hour. NBN also aired a wide variety of public affairs programs and a live overnight talk show hosted by Bob Law. In 1972 there were only 17 African American owned radio stations even though there were over 125 African American oriented station in the country, and by 1976 Eugene D. Jackson became the only African American on the 125 member board of directors of the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB).
With over 80 affiliates associated with NBN, Jackson wanted to see more radio stations owned by African Americans and therefore, conceived and started the National Association of Black Owned Broadcasters (NABOB) in Atlanta as a complement to his position on the NAB Board. Within 15 years, the number of African American owned radio station moved to almost 50 through the creation of Broadcap, a capital raising institution formed by the NAB and the captains of the television and radio industry. In the early 1980s NBN offered a second news service, American Urban Information Radio, which broadcast an hourly newscast at 50 minutes past the hour, but concentrated on in-depth reporting. By the early 1990s, NBN merged with its main competitor, the Sheridan Broadcasting |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith%20Off | "Faith Off" is the eleventh episode of the eleventh season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 16, 2000. In the episode, Bart believes he has the power to heal others through faith after removing a bucket glued to Homer's head. Meanwhile, Homer creates a homecoming game float for Springfield University.
The episode, which features guest appearances from Don Cheadle and Joe Mantegna, received generally positive reviews from critics following its release on home video in the season 11 DVD.
Plot
Homer attends a Springfield University reunion party, but it is really a fundraiser and he is forced to donate. To take revenge on the dean, Homer rigs a bucket of glue to fall on his head when he opens the front door of his home. However, Homer falls victim to an identical prank set up by a fraternity. It is impossible to remove the bucket.
The Simpson family come across a preacher’s revival tent. Despite his faith, the preacher cannot remove the bucket, but he lifts up Bart to try – and he does it. The preacher declares that Bart has the gift of faith healing. Lisa’s scientific explanation that metal bucket has expanded from the heat in the tent is dismissed. Bart starts his own revival movement and has great success apparently working cures. Milhouse is convinced that Bart has cured his weak eyesight and is run over by a truck he thinks is a dog. In the hospital, powerless to cure him, Bart admits that his career as a faith healer is over.
Homer builds a float for the homecoming football game halftime show. He gets drunk and drives late onto the field, when the players are already there. He runs over Springfield U’s star place-kicker, breaking his leg. Fat Tony has made a large bet on SU and threatens to kill Homer if the team loses; Bart reluctantly prays to God for help in effecting a cure. Somehow, the player is apparently cured. He returns to the field and attempts a field goal. It looks as if it is just going to miss – but the lower half of his leg, severed, appears in the air and nudges it in. Springfield U have won. Dr. Hibbert says that, with Bart’s help, he will be able to reattach the leg. Bart wearily repeats that he has no healing powers.
Production and themes
"Faith Off" was written by Frank Mula and directed by Nancy Kruse as part of the eleventh season of The Simpsons (1999–2000). The episode features guest appearances from Don Cheadle as Brother Faith and Joe Mantegna as Fat Tony. A major theme in "Faith Off" is the Christian practice of faith healing. In his 2008 book The Springfield Reformation: The Simpsons, Christianity, and American Culture, Jamey Heit wrote that "The Simpsons reiterates the vibrancy that defines black Christianity in 'Faith Off.' A faith healer, Brother Faith, inspires Bart to nurture his spirituality. Bart responds to the call and at least for the rest of the episode embraces the spiritual vibrancy that he learns from a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Press%20International%20Radio%20Network | Originally named "UPI Audio," the United Press International Radio Network was a news service for radio and television stations from wire service United Press International. It was the first such service offered by a major news agency and existed from 1958 to 1999.
A late 1950s offshoot of UPI's television footage service, "UPI Movietone," later known as United Press International Television News or UPITN, "UPI Audio," began selling the sounds of newsmakers stripped from newsfilm, plus the voices of UPI reporters and stringers to client radio stations.
It was originally done on a piecemeal basis, with UPI's wire for broadcasters, known as the National Radio Wire, carrying lists of available material.
Over time, that list came to be called a billboard, and it moved several times a day. As the operation grew, it was expanded from dial-up telephone to feeds by leased line, the audio material, now branded as Audio Roundup was fed at specific times, usually at ten minutes past the hour.
In early 1966, UPI acquired the assets and key personnel of a similarly named (but previously unrelated) competing service, Radio Press International. Out of that merger came an audio service that at its peak served more than a thousand U.S. radio stations and many foreign clients, including other networks such as NPR, RKO, Britain's Independent Radio News and even CNN in its early years when CNN, then headed by former UPI and UPTN executives Reese Schonfeld and Burt Reinhardt, effectively reunited UPI audio with UPITN video.
In the early 1970s, UPI Audio began offering a newscast at the top of the hour.
Soon thereafter, it added live sportscasts and business reports. Among UPI Audio's sportscasters of the late 1970s were Keith Olbermann and Sam Rosen.
Unlike most commercial radio networks, which usually paid local stations to air their programming (and commercials), UPI charged stations cash for its broadcast services, allowing them to sell their own advertising within or adjacent to UPI broadcasts. It is the model that then-rival wire service Associated Press also used when it followed UPI into the radio network field in the mid-1970s.
The service name was changed from UPI Audio to UPI Radio Network in 1983 to reflect the greater focus on live programming.
After a long period of changing ownerships, business models and bankruptcies, UPI declined into a shell of a news service by 1999, when its then-Saudi Arabian ownership was convinced by its handpicked CEO, Arnaud de Borchgrave, to exit the broadcasting business United Press had pioneered back in the 1930s. The rump UPI sold its client list of its radio network and broadcast wire to its former rival, the AP.
References
Additional sources
Defunct radio networks in the United States
Radio stations established in 1958
Radio stations disestablished in 1999 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transtar%20Radio%20Networks | Transtar was the first radio network to provide 24-hour music programming to local affiliates. The slate of 24-hour networks is now owned by Westwood One and operated by Dial Global. The studios are located in Valencia, California.
History
Transtar was founded in 1981 by C. Terry Robinson and Bill Moyes. The network debuted at around the same time as the Satellite Music Network, based in Mokena, Illinois. Both companies marketed themselves to prospective affiliates by offering carefully selected music presented by major market talent of high quality that a local station could never afford, as well as the capability of using existing studio equipment like reel-to-reel tape decks and cartridge playback machines to help make an affordable transition. A station signing up for the service would likely need a satellite antenna and receiver, a 25 Hz tone generator to place at the end of commercial clusters at the end of a break recorded on the reel, and 25/35 Hz tone sensors to trigger local liners and station identification. The network communicated with affiliates by using a computer printer (most likely in the studio) that would keep local programming staff informed of announcer changes, closed circuit feeds, and other vital information.
While Satellite Music Network had more affiliates, Transtar offered one major advantage over SMN...a digital cue system. This was especially important among potential affiliates that were FM stations. The digital cue system allowed the network to cue tape machines at the local affiliate station with external data channels sent on a separate digital subcarrier. SMN, on the other hand, cued stations using a subaudible tone on the program feed as it was aired live, but eliminated them from being heard by listeners through filtering out the lower end of the audio signal. While the difference in audio would be negligible at worst on an AM affiliate, it was particularly obvious on an FM station subscribing to the service when a bass line heard on a particular favorite song was now found to be missing.
An engineer at the receiving station could tweak the lower end of the signal by making adjustments on the station's audio processing, allowing the missing bass line to be heard, but then the subaudible cues would, as a result, be fully audible over the air. Transtar used this as a sales tool when marketing their service to prospective affiliates, while often charging inventory on top of a monthly subscription fee, feeling that prospective affiliates would be willing to pay more for a higher quality service. On the downside, announcer shifts, because they originated on the West Coast, all began and ended in the Pacific Time Zone, which made it difficult for East Coast-based affiliates to successfully market individual announcer dayparts, particularly during the morning. This would change years later, when announcer start times were adjusted to favor Eastern and Central Time zones.
In 1989, the company merged w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite%20Music%20Network | Satellite Music Network was the first satellite delivered network to provide complete live 24-hour-a-day music programming to local stations, under several different formats.
History
Affiliate stations, mostly in small and medium markets, could operate their stations virtually unmanned with nothing more than its existing tape-based playback equipment, a computer and a satellite hookup offering high quality air talent that they could never afford.
The concept was the presentation of live, carefully selected and rotated hit music, presented by experienced major market industry veterans over a satellite channel in real time.
Though nationally distributed, the presentation was localized by the network's talent pushing a button sending a subaudible tone over the network that would trigger a tape machine at the receiving station. For example, a button would be pressed triggering a local station's call letters and frequency (referred to as "magicalls") at the receiving station that was pre-recorded by the talent. The talent would then wait anywhere from 3 to 5 seconds before beginning to speak. Another button pressed at the end of a talk break by the talent would trigger a cluster of local commercials at the receiving station, or a closure tone at the receiving station would send control back to the network if there were no commercials. The network provided music and DJs, localized talent-matching liners, limited promotions support consisting of ideas used by other affiliates, and years later, a website. As the network moved from analog to digital satellite, it also provided receivers to affiliates to use on a loaned basis.
A "clock" was provided to affiliates outlining the placement of news and commercial cut-aways, and differed throughout the day and weekends. The clock included options for a 2-, 3-, or 5-minute newscasts at the top of the hour, followed by other holes for local spots. While the programming was live, DJs had to avoid references to the weather or anything else that would not be appropriate in many time zones. An 800-line was eventually added, allowing the live DJs to take phoned in requests.
SMN began in 1981 in Mokena, Illinois in a strip mall with two formats: AC (adult contemporary) – signed on by Bob Leonard (not the basketball player of the same name), and Country – signed on by Gary Semro. In less than three years, the network had signed more than 300 affiliates. By the late 1980s, SMN was broadcasting to more than 600 stations nationwide and in the Caribbean. In late 1989, SMN merged into ABC Radio and moved operations to Dallas, and expanded the number of available formats to ten. ABC sold the former SMN suite to Citadel Broadcasting in 2007, who in turn sold it to Cumulus Media in 2011; Cumulus then merged its suite with competitors.
In 2019, ABC Radio re-entered the 24/7 music format with a partnership with Local Radio Networks.
Bonneville Broadcasting also signed on with an easy listening format simultaneously |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mansion%20Family | "The Mansion Family" is the twelfth episode of the eleventh season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 23, 2000, and was watched in around 11.3 million homes during the broadcast. In the episode, Mr. Burns goes to the Mayo Clinic for a check-up after being declared the oldest man in Springfield at an awards ceremony. He leaves the Simpson family to house-sit his mansion for him. When Homer throws a party on Burns' private yacht in international waters, the party goers are captured by Chinese pirates.
American pop singer Britney Spears guest starred in "The Mansion Family" as herself. She appears as the host of the awards ceremony. The episode, which was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Mike Frank Polcino, features several cultural references. Many parts of the story were inspired by real-life events experienced by some of the staff members of the series.
Since airing, the episode has received generally mixed reviews from critics. It was released on the DVD collection The Simpsons Gone Wild in 2004, and The Simpsons – The Complete Eleventh Season in 2008.
Plot
Kent Brockman and Britney Spears host the annual Springfield Pride Awards, given to prominent Springfield citizens for their achievements. The award for the oldest man in town goes to 108-year-old Cornelius Chapman, but Spears' congratulatory kiss on the cheek causes him to die of a heart attack. The award therefore goes to the oldest Springfieldian now present, Mr. Burns. Suddenly, Burns realizes he is not young anymore, so he and his assistant Smithers go to the Mayo Clinic for a check-up. Burns engages the Simpson family to house sit his private mansion.
After enjoying life as a billionaire for a few days, Homer decides to throw a party before Burns returns. He heads to Moe's Tavern to buy beer and invite his friends to the party. However, Moe informs Homer that he can not sell him alcohol before 2:00 pm as it is Sunday. When Homer is told the only way he could buy alcohol would be to sail 12 miles out to international waters where there are no laws, he and his friends (including his son Bart) set sail in Burns' private yacht to throw the party there. Once out in international waters, Bart spots a Coast Guard ship on the other side of the boundary line but the Coast Guard sailor on board says he can't stop them because it's out of his jurisdiction saying that he just wants to party and begins playing The Doobie Brothers song "China Grove".
Back at the Mayo Clinic, Burns discovers that he not only has all previously discovered diseases, but numerous new diseases the doctors have just discovered in him. However, the sheer number of diseases prevents any one disease from actually doing harm to him. This leads Burns to conclude that he is indestructible, even though the doctors protest that even a slight breeze could disrupt the balance in his body.
Meanwhile, the party continues and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abort%2C%20Retry%2C%20Fail%3F | "Abort, Retry, Fail?" (or "Abort, Retry, Ignore?") is an error message found in DOS operating systems, which prompts the end-user for a course of action to follow. Although welcomed by some, the message also has been cited as an example of poor usability in computer user interfaces.
Background
In CP/M, attempting to read a floppy disk drive with the door open would hang until a disk was inserted and the disk drive door was closed (very early disk hardware did not send any kind of signal until a disk was spinning, and a timeout to detect the lack of signal required too much code on these tiny systems). Many users of CP/M became accustomed to this as a method of managing multiple disks, by opening the disk drive to stop a program from reading or writing a file until the correct disk could be inserted.
A primary design consideration for PC DOS was that software written for CP/M be portable to DOS without changes. Even the first IBM PC had hardware that told the operating system that the disk drive door was open, but returning an error to software trying to read the disk would break the ability to manage disks this way without such changes. Still, it was desirable to improve the experience, in particular by giving the user a way to get out of the hang without having to find a disk to insert in the drive. The prompt was invented for this reason.
Description
A missing disk (or disk drive door opened) was defined by DOS as a "critical error" and would call the "critical error handler". The default "critical error handler" was part of COMMAND.COM and printed the "Abort, Retry, ..." prompt, then waited for user input. Other problems (in particular, a checksum error while reading data from a disk) were also defined as a "critical error", thus causing the prompt to appear for reasons other than a missing disk or opened disk drive. Users could press a key to indicate what they wanted to happen; available options included:
Abort (A): Terminate the operation or program, and return to the command prompt. In hindsight, this was not a good idea as the program would not do any cleanup (such as completing writing of other files).
Retry (R): Attempt the operation again. "Retry" was what the user did if they could fix the problem by inserting a disk and closing the disk drive door. On early hardware, retrying a disk read error would sometimes be successful, but as disk drives improved, this became far less likely.
Ignore (I): Return success status to the calling program or routine, despite the failure of the operation. This could be used for disk read errors, and DOS would return whatever data was in the read buffer (which might contain some of the correct data). "Ignore" did not appear for open drives or missing disks.
Fail (F): Starting with MS-DOS/PC DOS 3.3, "Fail" returned an error code to the program, similar to a "file not found" error. The program could then gracefully recover, perhaps asking the user for a different file name. This removed the bigges |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint%20Level%20Interface%20Protocol | The Joint Level Interface Protocol (JLIP) is a video equipment control data standard.
JLIP was JVC's answer to the Sony Control L or LANC two-way serial bus. It is used to allow devices communicate with other, carrying control signals and exchanging data. JLIP jacks are now fitted to all new JVC camcorders, some older models, some VCRs and peripheral devices, like their new video printer.
Video formats |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRON%20command | TRON is a debugging command in old dialects of the BASIC programming language. It is an abbreviation of TRace ON. It was used primarily for debugging line-numbered BASIC GOTO and GOSUB statements. In text-mode environments such as the TRS-80 or DOS, it would print the current line number which was being executed, on-screen. In a windowed environment, when the TRON command had been executed, a window would indicate the line number being executed at that instant. This command's opposite is TROFF, or TRace OFF, used to turn off command tracing.
TRON and TROFF were made obsolete by the advent of multitasking windowing environments, which permit a developer to switch back and forth between program output and source code. Modern IDEs take advantage of this to allow far more sophisticated debugging (line-by-line step-through execution of source code, examination/modification of variables, etc.). As a result, TRON/TROFF are no longer supported by most current BASIC dialects, including Microsoft Visual Basic.
References
BASIC commands |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacemaker%20action%20potential | A pacemaker action potential is the kind of action potential that provides a reference rhythm for the network. This contrasts with pacemaker potential or current which drives rhythmic modulation of firing rate.
Some pacemaker action generate rhythms for the heart beat (sino-atrial node) or the circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
Cardiac electrophysiology
Action potentials |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddlesore%20Galactica | "Saddlesore Galactica" is the thirteenth episode of the eleventh season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 6, 2000. In the episode, the Simpson family rescues a diving horse named Duncan from an abusive owner and keeps him as a pet. When the cost of keeping Duncan rises, Homer and Bart train him to be a racehorse. Duncan wins several races and, as a result, Homer is threatened with death by a group of jockeys. Meanwhile, Lisa is upset over her school unfairly losing the musical band competition at a state fair and writes a letter to U.S. President Bill Clinton in protest.
The episode features several guest appearances; horse race caller Trevor Denman stars as himself, commentating the races in the episode, and voice artist Jim Cummings provides the animal sounds made by Duncan. Randy Bachman and Fred Turner appear as themselves as their rock band Bachman–Turner Overdrive performs at the state fair. "Saddlesore Galactica" was written by Tim Long and directed by Lance Kramer. A number of meta-references are included in the episode, such as the character Comic Book Guy telling the Simpsons that they have owned a horse before in the episode "Lisa's Pony".
Around 9.6 million American homes tuned in to watch the episode during its original airing. In 2008, it was released on DVD, along with the rest of the episodes of the eleventh season. "Saddlesore Galactica" is despised by many television critics and fans, according to Long. It has been described by About.com's Nancy Basile as one of the season's worst episodes, by Marco Ursi of Maclean's as the worst episode of the series, and has frequently been cited by fans as an example of the show jumping the shark. Criticism has been directed at its outlandish plot, which, among other things, features elf-like jockeys who lure Homer into their secret land where they threaten him to stop Duncan from winning.
Plot
Lisa and the other members of Springfield Elementary's school band enter a music competition together at a state fair, performing James Brown's "Living in America". However, they lose to the Ogdenville Elementary band, which performs John Philip Sousa's "Stars and Stripes Forever" and uses red, white, and blue glow sticks to form a flag. Lisa accuses Ogdenville of cheating, as the use of visual aids is against the rules of the competition. She later writes a letter to President Clinton (Karl Wiedergott), complaining about the situation. At the fair, Homer and Bart see a horse named Duncan that can dive into pools. The Simpsons takes Duncan home after his sleazy owner is accused of animal cruelty and flees. However, they find themselves spending $500 a week for Duncan's upkeep.
Homer and Bart try to think of a way that Duncan can make money to help offset the costs of keeping him. Bart discovers that Duncan is a fast runner and suggests that he should be a racehorse. Homer enters Duncan at the Springfield |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty%20Broadcasting%20System | The Liberty Broadcasting System was a U.S. radio network of the late 1940s and early 1950s founded by Gordon McLendon, which mainly broadcast live recreations of Major League Baseball games, by following the action via Western Union ticker reports. The sound effects were very realistic, and many listeners were not aware the broadcasters were not announcing the action live. At that time some major league teams and almost all minor league baseball clubs used recreations of their road games as an economy measure.
Availability
Founded in 1948, the network was mainly in Texas and the southwest but did have nine affiliates in Oregon, an outlet in Los Angeles, Seattle, and as of September 29, 1950, WHAV in Haverhill, Massachusetts. At one time, it had about 500 radio stations on the line, being second in size only to the Mutual Broadcasting System.
Major League Baseball
It carried various types of programs (for instance, late night band remotes were another feature carried by Liberty) but McLendon, known as the "Old Scotchman", and his daily ball game recreations off the Western Union ticker provided the big money maker. The recreations used himself and future sportscasting stars such as Lindsey Nelson and Jerry Doggett.
It was a live, not recreated, game that provided McLendon and Liberty with their greatest career moment. The Scotchman himself was behind the Liberty mic at the Polo Grounds in New York on October 3, 1951, for the finale of the three-game National League play-off series between the New York Giants and Brooklyn Dodgers).
Radio was still the more popular nationwide medium then. With Russ Hodges' famous radio call limited to the Giants' network, McLendon's call is how most Americans heard the NL clincher, including Giant Bobby Thomson's ninth-inning three-run homer into the left-field stands to win it for New York. Excerpts of the McLendon broadcast were highlighted in the 2001 HBO documentary Shot Heard 'Round the World.
Rights fees
According to Time magazine articles of the era, McLendon only paid Major League Baseball $1,000.00 per year for the rights to broadcast the games, but in 1951, the leagues raised the price to $250,000.00 per year, and prohibited broadcasts in any city which had a minor league franchise and in the northeastern and midwestern United States.
Liberty baseball commentators
Bud Blattner (1950–1951)
Jerry Doggett (1950–1951)
Gordon McLendon (1949–1952)
Lindsey Nelson (1950–1951)
Don Wells
Wes Wise
Demise
Sports were the lifeblood of the Liberty Broadcasting System. Restrictions on Major League Baseball broadcasts in minor league franchise areas, as well as bans on National Football League broadcasts within a 75-mile range of league cities, were the one-two blow which ended the network. Since the baseball games were a major draw for both listeners and affiliates, the blackout was a disaster for the fledgling company, which had only posted modest profits during its first few years of operation. More than 100 s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC%20World%20%28retailer%29 | PC World was a British retail chain of mass market computer megastores. Established in November 1991, it became part of Dixons Retail in February 1993, and then part of Dixons Carphone, after the merger of Dixons Retail and Carphone Warehouse in August 2014. All of its physical shops in the United Kingdom traded under the combined "Currys PC World" brand, although this was retired in October 2021, after which point the company became known simply as “Currys”.
History
In November 1991, Vision Technology Group Ltd, led by Jan Murray, opened the first PC World shop in Purley Way, Croydon. Jan Murray attained an annual turnover of £50 million by April 1992, after he had opened the four largest flagship stores around London. In February 1993, when Dixons Group plc (now Dixons Carphone) purchased the chain, there were four PC World shops in existence.
There followed a period of expansion, as more shops were opened across the country. This expansion was partly driven by a series of acquisitions, beginning with DN Computer Services in November 1996, followed by Byte Computer Superstores Ltd in April 1998, and MicroWarehouse in June 2004.
In November 1997, singer Gary Glitter took a laptop into a branch of PC World in Bristol for repair, where child abuse imagery was found by staff, who informed the police and Glitter was subsequently charged and found guilty of possessing child pornography. This conviction severely damaged Glitter's reputation, and effectively ended his career in the music business.
In September 2006, PC World UK assumed management control of its French subsidiary. In 2006, there were 163 PC World shops in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In the United Kingdom, PC World Business was launched in September 1997. Since March 2001, PC World Business has been based in Bury, Greater Manchester, and has its own management team.
In October 2006, PC World launched "The Connected Home", selling PC based home entertainment systems and installation services. During 2007 to 2008, PC World was due to undergo a style change, with a proposed new logo, staff uniforms, shop layouts, as part of its image re branding programme. The changes were trialled at branches in Brentford, Colchester, Portsmouth, Bournemouth, Southampton, Isle of Wight, Enfield, Burnley and North Shields.
On 13 December 2007, it was announced that PC World would begin selling Dell PCs in their shops. This was one of many moves Dell made to sell their desktops and laptops to a wider market. This also includes Dell selling their XPS systems in many HMV shops across the United Kingdom.
In August 2008, the "proposed" logo was shelved, in favour of a new logo. In December 2008, PC World reported its first ever loss, posting underlying losses of £29.8 million in the six months to October 2008, compared to a £52.4 million profit in 2007.
Merge with Currys
PC World opened their first two in one megastore with Currys at Wandsworth Bridge, Fulham, on 29 October 2009. This megastore c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20ML%20of%20New%20Jersey | Standard ML of New Jersey (SML/NJ; Standard Meta-Language of New Jersey) is a free and open-source compiler and programming environment for the Standard ML programming language. Aside from its runtime system, which is written in C, SML/NJ is written in Standard ML. It was originally developed jointly by Bell Laboratories and Princeton University.
Its name is a reference both to the American state of New Jersey in which Princeton and Bell Labs are located and to Standard Oil of New Jersey, the famous oil monopoly of the early 20th century.
Features
SML/NJ extends the SML'97 Basis Library with several additional top-level structures:
System info – the SysInfo structure provides information about the runtime system, such as the operating system kind, type and version and whether or not the machine supports multiprocessing.
Weak pointers – the Weak structure provides support for weak pointers.
Lazy suspensions – the Susp structure implements the suspensions necessary for lazy evaluation (as opposed to eager evaluation).
Compiler internals – the Internals structure provides access to several of the compiler internals, including methods to instantiate and modify the signal table.
Unsafe access – the Unsafe structure provides unsafe access to data structures and runtime-system functions.
Visible compiler structures – SML/NJ also includes structures that provide access to the ML compiler, which contains substructures for execution profiling, control of compiler error-message printing and warnings, and customizable pretty printing.
Additionally, SML/NJ provides some syntactic constructs that are not standard features of SML'97:
Vector expressions and patterns – SML/NJ allows the creation of vectors with the #[exp0, exp1, ..., expn−1] syntax and allows pattern-matching on them with analogous syntax.
Or-patterns – SML/NJ extends the syntax of SML'97 patterns to allow for a matching multiple patterns in a single rule, provided each pattern has the same type, using (apat1 | ... | apatn) => exp .
Object language embedding – SML/NJ provides the quote/antiquote syntax that permits the embedding of expressions in an object language's concrete syntax within ML expressions and programs.
Higher-order modules – SML/NJ supports the parametrization of functors by allowing functors to be components of structures, in addition to Standard ML's parametric modules in the form of functors.
Development
Successor ML is a term used to describe the next version of the language. The documents describing it have been extracted from the SML/NJ '97 files and made available as a GitHub repository of TeX documents which the community is expected to collaborate and grow the language. Successor ML features can be enabled using the command-line option -Cparser.succ-ml=true.
Since at least 1998, MLton is the standard bootstrapping compiler, and it has some support for Successor ML.
In 2008, work began on HaMLet, a reference implementation of Successor ML written entirel |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential%20smoothing | Exponential smoothing or exponential moving average (EMA) is a rule of thumb technique for smoothing time series data using the exponential window function. Whereas in the simple moving average the past observations are weighted equally, exponential functions are used to assign exponentially decreasing weights over time. It is an easily learned and easily applied procedure for making some determination based on prior assumptions by the user, such as seasonality. Exponential smoothing is often used for analysis of time-series data.
Exponential smoothing is one of many window functions commonly applied to smooth data in signal processing, acting as low-pass filters to remove high-frequency noise. This method is preceded by Poisson's use of recursive exponential window functions in convolutions from the 19th century, as well as Kolmogorov and Zurbenko's use of recursive moving averages from their studies of turbulence in the 1940s.
The raw data sequence is often represented by beginning at time , and the output of the exponential smoothing algorithm is commonly written as , which may be regarded as a best estimate of what the next value of will be. When the sequence of observations begins at time , the simplest form of exponential smoothing is given by the formulas:
where is the smoothing factor, and .
Basic (simple) exponential smoothing
The use of the exponential window function is first attributed to Poisson as an extension of a numerical analysis technique from the 17th century, and later adopted by the signal processing community in the 1940s. Here, exponential smoothing is the application of the exponential, or Poisson, window function. Exponential smoothing was first suggested in the statistical literature without citation to previous work by Robert Goodell Brown in 1956, and then expanded by Charles C. Holt in 1957. The formulation below, which is the one commonly used, is attributed to Brown and is known as "Brown’s simple exponential smoothing". All the methods of Holt, Winters and Brown may be seen as a simple application of recursive filtering, first found in the 1940s to convert finite impulse response (FIR) filters to infinite impulse response filters.
The simplest form of exponential smoothing is given by the formula:
where is the smoothing factor, and . In other words, the smoothed statistic is a simple weighted average of the current observation and the previous smoothed statistic . Simple exponential smoothing is easily applied, and it produces a smoothed statistic as soon as two observations are available.
The term smoothing factor applied to here is something of a misnomer, as larger values of actually reduce the level of smoothing, and in the limiting case with = 1 the output series is just the current observation. Values of close to one have less of a smoothing effect and give greater weight to recent changes in the data, while values of closer to zero have a greater smoothing effect and are less responsive to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Crawford%20on%20Game%20Design | Chris Crawford on Game Design () is a book about computer and video game design by Chris Crawford. Although referred to as the second edition of The Art of Computer Game Design, it is in fact a completely new book. It was published by Peachpit under the New Riders imprint in 2003. It includes Crawford's response to recent game developments, such as The Sims, and dedicates a chapter to each of his first 14 published games: Tanktics, Legionnaire, Wizard, Energy Czar, Scram, Eastern Front (1941), Gossip, Excalibur, Balance of Power, Patton Versus Rommel, Siboot, The Global Dilemma: Guns & Butter, Balance of the Planet and Patton Strikes Back.
See also
List of books on computer and video games
People games
External links
Peachpit's catalog entry for Chris Crawford on Game Design
Chris Crawford on Game Design on Google Book Search
2003 non-fiction books
Video game culture
Books about video games
Video game design |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Captain%20Scarlet | New Captain Scarlet is a British computer generated action-adventure reboot of the 1967 Supermarionation series, Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons. Both series were produced by Gerry Anderson. As a nod to Supermarionation, the new series' computer animation was promoted as "Hypermarionation". It was the last show produced by Gerry Anderson.
The series premiered on the British ITV network in February 2005. Instead of having its own timeslot, each episode of New Captain Scarlet was shown within the children's Saturday morning children TV Show, Ministry of Mayhem. Anderson was unhappy with this scheduling decision, claiming the show was ignored.
The Radio Times said fans "felt the essence of the show had been pixelated away", while The Register called the series a "rehash".
Development
In 1999, Anderson supervised the production of a computer-animated test film, Captain Scarlet and the Return of the Mysterons, to explore the possibility of updating some of his 1960s Supermarionation series for a 21st-century audience. The working title was Captain Scarlet – The New Millennium. Produced by Moving Picture Company using a combination of Maya software and motion-capture technology, the film features Francis Matthews and Ed Bishop reprising their voice roles of Captains Scarlet and Blue. Set a few years after the Mysterons apparently cease hostilities against Earth, the film sees the reappearance of Captain Black, setting the stage for a revival of the war with Mars. The film was screened at a Fanderson convention in 2000 and a science lecture in 2001. It was released on home media in 2017.
It was the success of Captain Scarlet and the Return of the Mysterons which led to the development of New Captain Scarlet. The new series' conventional motion capture technique was promoted as "Hypermarionation" as a nod to the original series' Supermarionation. Much of the series' £22 million budget was contributed by private investors under the Enterprise Investment Scheme.
Broadcast
ITV premiered New Captain Scarlet on the Saturday morning children's entertainment show Ministry of Mayhem. Episodes were split across two parts and shown with truncated opening titles.
Anderson later claimed: "They took my half-hour show, cut the titles off and cut it in half. It wasn't even listed so people who watched Ministry of Mayhem had to wait and watch all the nonsense going on before the first half. When it finished they didn't say there was a second half or when it was going to start. After they had shown all the episodes, legally it had to be cited as a repeat so it never had a premiere. It just broke my heart."
He interviews with Den of Geek and Big Finish, Anderson further dismissed Ministry of Mayhem as "a three-hour rubbish show", claimed parents had to "suffer" when NCS wasn't on-screen, that he was uncredited, and that Ministry of Mayhem "murdered the show".
In the United States, the series aired on Animania HD.
Episodes were aired in the order they were compl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox%20Sports%20Radio | Fox Sports Radio is an American sports radio network. Based in Los Angeles, California, the network is operated and managed by Premiere Networks in a content partnership with Fox Corporation's Fox Sports division and iHeartMedia, parent company of Premiere Networks. With studios also in New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Tampa, Phoenix, Tulsa, Cincinnati, and Las Vegas, Fox Sports Radio is broadcast on more than 400 stations, as well as FoxSports.com on MSN and iHeartRadio.
Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia) sold its stake in Sirius XM Radio in the second quarter of fiscal year 2013. As a result, nine of Clear Channel's eleven XM Satellite Radio stations, including Fox Sports Radio, ceased broadcast over XM on October 18, 2013. Fox Sports Radio returned to the Sirius XM radio lineup on January 20, 2017.
As the network concentrates on sports news, highlights, analysis and opinion at any time of the week, many of its affiliates opt out to air their own local show or provide live coverage of play-by-play games. As a result, several shows that these affiliates simulcast may not be full-length.
Fox Sports Radio local affiliates
This is a partial station listings for local affiliates of Fox Sports Radio.
References
External links
Fox Sports Radio
IHeartMedia
Fox Sports
Franchised radio formats
IHeartRadio digital channels
Radio stations established in 2000
Sports radio networks in the United States
Sirius XM Radio channels |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Kid%20on%20the%20Block | "New Kid on the Block" is the eighth episode of the fourth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 12, 1992. After meeting his new neighbor, Laura, Bart falls in love with her, only to later discover that she has a boyfriend, Jimbo Jones, whom he attempts to scare off so that he can have a relationship with Laura. Meanwhile, Homer sues the Sea Captain Horatio McCallister after being kicked out of his all-you-can-eat restaurant while still hungry.
The episode was written by Conan O'Brien and directed by Wes Archer.
Plot
The Simpsons' elderly neighbors, the Winfields, finally relocate to Florida because of Homer's antics. The Winfields' old house is purchased by single mother Ruth Powers and her teenage daughter Laura, with whom Bart falls in love at first sight.
After seeing a television advertisement about an all-you-can-eat seafood restaurant called "The Frying Dutchman", Homer decides to go and take Marge with him, and Bart suggests that Laura should babysit him, Lisa, and Maggie. While Laura babysits the Simpson children, Bart attempts to impress her. However, Laura tells Bart that she is dating Jimbo Jones, one of the bullies at Springfield Elementary School, much to Bart's dismay.
Meanwhile, at the restaurant, Homer quickly enrages the Sea Captain, devouring nearly all the food in the buffet, and is eventually hauled out before he has finished. Enraged, Homer sues the restaurant for false advertising, as the ad that he heard on the television prior to the incident claimed that it was "All You Can Eat", despite Homer not being full before being kicked out.
Homer hires Lionel Hutz to represent him in court, and the case is successful after Hutz convinces the jurors that Homer had not had all he could eat. To avoid further legal trouble, the Sea Captain and Homer eventually strike a deal together that Homer will be displayed in the restaurant as "Bottomless Pete: Nature's Cruelest Mistake" to draw in more customers and offset the cost of his eating, much to Marge's embarrassment.
When Laura, babysitting, invites Jimbo over to the Simpson household, Bart, in an attempt to make Jimbo look bad, prank-calls Moe's Tavern, giving his name as "Jimbo Jones", and giving Moe the Simpsons' address. Believing Jimbo is the one who has been pranking him all the time, Moe rushes to the Simpson house brandishing a large, "rusty and dull" kitchen knife. He finds Jimbo, who bursts into tears and begs for his life; Moe spares him out of pity. Laura breaks up with Jimbo for not being the tough "outlaw" she thought. She tells Bart that she would certainly date him if he were older, and the episode ends with the pair laughing after prank-calling Moe again.
Production
The episode was written by Conan O'Brien and directed by Wes Archer. The episode's original subplot was intended to include American actor and comedian Don Rickles as a guest star presenting a comedy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20OfficeVision | OfficeVision was an IBM proprietary office support application.
History
PROFS, DISOSS and Office/36
OfficeVision started as a product for the VM operating system named PROFS (for PRofessional OFfice System) and was initially made available in 1981. Before that it was just a PRPQ (Programming Request for Price Quotation), an IBM administrative term for non-standard software offerings with unique features, support and pricing.
The first release of PROFS was developed by IBM in Poughkeepsie, NY, in conjunction with Amoco, from a prototype developed years earlier by Paul Gardner and others. Subsequent development took place in Dallas. The editor XEDIT was the basis of the word processing function in PROFS.
PROFS itself had descended from OFS (Office System) developed also on the same laboratory and first installed in October 1974. This was a primitive solution for office automation created between 1970 and 1972, which was replacement for an in-house system.
Compared to Poughkeepsie's original in-house system, the distinctive new features added by OFS were a centralised database virtual machine (data base manager or DBM) for shared permanent storage of documents, instead of storing all documents in user's personal virtual machines; and a centralised virtual machine (mailman master machine or distribution virtual machine) to manage mail transfer between individuals, instead of relying on direct communication between the personal virtual machines of individual users. By 1981, IBM's Poughkeepsie site had over 500 PROFS users.
In 1983, IBM introduced release 2 of PROFS, along with auxiliary software to enable document interchange between PROFS, DISOSS, Displaywriter, IBM 8100 and IBM 5520 systems.
PROFS and its e-mail component, known colloquially as PROFS Notes, featured prominently in the investigation of the Iran-Contra scandal. Oliver North believed he had deleted his correspondence, but the system archived it anyway. Congress subsequently examined the e-mail archives.
Two wholly different systems also shared the OfficeVision name: OfficeVision/MVS originated from IBM DISOSS, and OfficeVision/400 from IBM Office/36.
IBM's European Networking Center (ENC) in Heidelberg, Germany, developed prototype extensions to OfficeVision/VM to support Open Document Architecture (ODA), in particular a converter between ODA and Document Content Architecture (DCA) document formats.
OfficeVision Family
There were several versions of Office Vision.
OfficeVision/VM ran on IBM's VM operating system and its user interface CMS.
OfficeVison/MVS (OV/MVS) ran on the IBM MVS Operating System on the System/370 and System/390 IBM mainframe computers.
OfficeVision/400 (OV/400) ran on the IBM AS/400 midrange (mini) system.
As said earlier, all this versions were derived from different systems sharing no common code, only shared a common name.
In general an OfficeVision system (which ever the platform) provided e-mail, shared calendars, and shared document storag |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus%2015 | The Plus 15 or +15 is a skyway network in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It is the world's most extensive pedestrian skywalk system, with a total length of 16 kilometres (10 miles) and 86 bridges connecting 130 buildings, as of 2022. Calgary often has severe winters and the walkways allow people to get around the city's downtown more quickly and comfortably. The busiest parts of the network saw over 20,000 pedestrians per day in a 2018 count.
The system is so named because the skywalks are approximately 15 feet (approximately 4.5 metres) above street level. Some Plus 15 skywalks are multi-level, with higher levels being referred to as Plus 30s and Plus 45s.
History
The system was conceived and designed by architect Harold Hanen, who worked for the Calgary Planning Department from 1966 to 1969. This development earned him the 1970 Vincent Massey Award for Merit in Urban Planning.
Opening in 1970, the Plus 15 network has expanded to include 86 enclosed bridges connecting 130 downtown Calgary buildings. The central core of the system is a series of enclosed shopping centres, and the city's flagship department stores.
New developments were required to connect to the walkway system; in exchange for this, they were offered more floorspace (the "bonus density"). When not physically able to connect to nearby buildings, developers contribute to the "Plus 15 Fund", managed by the city, used to finance other missing connections.
Impact
Critics argue that the system has led to a decline in street life in the Downtown Commercial Core, while proponents cite extensive use of the system, enhancing the flow of human traffic to businesses downtown, especially in the winter.
In 1998, the city began to re-evaluate the system. Part of the goal of these studies was reinvigorating decreased daytime street life on some downtown streets. The possibility of limiting expansion to encourage more pedestrian street traffic was raised. Critics continue to claim the system is detrimental to culture and economic activity at ground level, however proponents argue that its heavy use points to how useful and convenient it is in cold weather.
City planning by-laws now confer tax credits to owners who connect new buildings to the system.
List of connected buildings
333 5th Avenue
444 7th Avenue
505 3rd Street
606 4th Street
635 8th Avenue
715 5th Avenue
736 6th Avenue
840 7th Avenue
Amec Place
Alberta Energy Utilities Board
Altius Centre
Andrew Davison Building
Aquitaine Tower
Atrium I
Atrium II
Bank of Canada
Bankers Court
Bankers Hall
Banker's Hall Parkade
Bantrel Tower
Bow Parkade
Bow Valley College
Bow Valley Square
420FOURTH (formerly BP Centre)
Brookfield Place (Calgary)
Calgary Board of Education
Calgary House
Calgary Marriott Hotel
Calgary Place
Calgary Tower
Canada Place
Canadian Fina Building
Canterra Tower
Carter House
Centennial Parkade
Centennial Place
Centre Four
Century Park Place
Chamber of Commerce
Chevron Plaza
City Centre Parkade
City Hall
City/Omni Building
C |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Lazzo | Michael Lazzo (born April 10, 1958) is a retired American television producer and the former executive vice president in charge of the Adult Swim programming block of Cartoon Network, and its production arm, Williams Street.
Life and career
Lazzo was born in LaGrange, Georgia. In his childhood, his family would often relocate, making it difficult for him to make friends. Instead, he grew heavily invested in television, cartoons (mainly Astro Boy and Speed Racer), and comic books. He dropped out of high school at 15 and for a time worked at a movie theater. In 1984, he began working in the shipping and receiving department of Turner Broadcasting System. He gradually worked his way through the programming department of Turner in the intervening years. He went to program TBS's animation block, running daily from 4:30–6PM Eastern time until 1993, when he became the first programmer in Cartoon Network's history. By 1994, he was the vice president of programming for Cartoon Network.
In 1994, Lazzo helped create the first animated late-night talk show, Space Ghost Coast to Coast, for the Cartoon Network. His production company, Ghost Planet Industries, created the spin-off of Hanna-Barbera's Space Ghost in 1995; Cartoon Planet debuted on TBS but moved to Cartoon Network the following year. Lazzo helped create The Powerpuff Girls before moving to Cartoon Network's adult-oriented block Adult Swim.
In 1997, Lazzo and GPI began production on Toonami, an afternoon block of action cartoons on Cartoon Network. In 1999, Lazzo himself appeared in a rehearsal of the Space Ghost Coast to Coast episode "Fire Ant" in an episode "Table Read". In 2004, he served as the producer for Miguzi, another afternoon block of action programming, this time aimed at a younger audience.
In 1999, Ghost Planet Industries changed its name to Williams Street, and the following year the studio started developing more non-Space Ghost-related comedy cartoons aimed at adult audiences. The Brak Show, Sealab 2021, Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law, and Aqua Teen Hunger Force all premiered on Cartoon Network unannounced in the early mornings of December 2000, almost a year before Adult Swim officially premiered in September 2001. Keith Crofford has served as Lazzo's co-executive producer since 1994.
Since 2006, Lazzo appeared in Seth Green's Robot Chicken nine times, in which he voiced a parody of himself from 2006 to 2007, and later Clark Duke voicing Lazzo from 2008 to 2018.
On December 16, 2019, Lazzo retired from the company.
Lazzo has stated that his all-time favorite cartoon short is Nasty Quacks, which he has seen hundreds of times, and his favorite TV show is The Simpsons.
References
External links
American television executives
1958 births
Living people
Cartoon Network executives
Space Ghost Coast to Coast
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Williams Street
People from LaGrange, Georgia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NABTS | NABTS, the North American Broadcast Teletext Specification, is a protocol used for encoding NAPLPS-encoded teletext pages, as well as other types of digital data, within the vertical blanking interval (VBI) of an analog video signal. It is standardized under standard EIA-516, and has a rate of 15.6 kbit/s per line of video (with error correction). It was adopted into the international standard CCIR 653 (now ITU-R BT.653) of 1986 as CCIR Teletext System C.
History
NABTS was originally developed as a protocol by the Canadian Department of Communications, with their industry partner Norpak, for the Telidon system. Similar systems had been developed by the BBC in Europe for their Ceefax system, and were later standardized as the World System Teletext (WST, aka CCIR Teletext System B), but differences in European and North American television standards and the greater flexibility of the Telidon standard led to the creation of a new delivery mechanism that was tuned for speed.
NABTS was the standard used for both CBS's ExtraVision and NBC's very short-lived NBC Teletext services in the mid-1980s. The short-lived Time Teletext service, operated by the Time Video Information Services division of Time, Inc. and several experimental services launched by Boston's PBS station WGBH, also used NABTS. Due to teletext in general not really catching on in North America, NABTS saw a new use for the datacasting features of WebTV for Windows, under Windows 98, as well as for the now-defunct Intercast system. Canadian company Norpak sold and manufactured encoders and decoders for NABTS until the end of analog broadcasting in North America in the early 2010s; it was acquired by the Ross Video consortium in 2010. NABTS is still used in legacy analog video systems for private closed-circuit data delivery over a television broadcast or video signal.
Description
In a normal NTSC video signal there are 525 "lines" of video signal. These are split into two half-images, known as "fields", sent every 60th of a second. These images merge on-screen, and in-eye, to form a single frame of video updated every 30th of a second. Each line of each field takes 63.5 μs to send; 50.3 μs of video and 13.2 μs amount of "dead time" on each end used to signal the television that the line is complete, known as the horizontal blanking interval (HBI). When the scanning process reaches the end of the screen it returns to the top during the vertical blanking interval (VBI), which, like the HBI requires some "dead time" to properly frame the signal on the screen. In this case the dead time is represented by unused lines of the picture signal, normally the top 22 lines of the frame.
NABTS encodes data into the video signal as a series of dots at a fixed rate of 5.7272 Mbit/s. Each line of a field has 50.3 μs of video area that can be used for transmission, which results in 288 bits per line, or 36 bytes. In NABTS, three bytes are used for hardware synchronization, another three for the packet |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical%20shift | In computer science, a logical shift is a bitwise operation that shifts all the bits of its operand. The two base variants are the logical left shift and the logical right shift. This is further modulated by the number of bit positions a given value shall be shifted, such as shift left by 1 or shift right by n. Unlike an arithmetic shift, a logical shift does not preserve a number's sign bit or distinguish a number's exponent from its significand (mantissa); every bit in the operand is simply moved a given number of bit positions, and the vacant bit-positions are filled, usually with zeros, and possibly ones (contrast with a circular shift).
A logical shift is often used when its operand is being treated as a sequence of bits instead of as a number.
Logical shifts can be useful as efficient ways to perform multiplication or division of unsigned integers by powers of two. Shifting left by n bits on a signed or unsigned binary number has the effect of multiplying it by 2n. Shifting right by n bits on an unsigned binary number has the effect of dividing it by 2n (rounding towards 0).
Logical right shift differs from arithmetic right shift. Thus, many languages have different operators for them. For example, in Java and JavaScript, the logical right shift operator is , but the arithmetic right shift operator is . (Java has only one left shift operator (), because left shift via logic and arithmetic have the same effect.)
The programming languages C, C++, and Go, however, have only one right shift operator, . Most C and C++ implementations, and Go, choose which right shift to perform depending on the type of integer being shifted: signed integers are shifted using the arithmetic shift, and unsigned integers are shifted using the logical shift.
All currently relevant C standards (ISO/IEC 9899:1999 to 2011) leave a definition gap for cases where the number of shifts is equal to or bigger than the number of bits in the operands in a way that the result is undefined. This helps allow C compilers to emit efficient code for various platforms by allowing direct use of the native shift instructions which have differing behavior. For example, shift-left-word in PowerPC chooses the more-intuitive behavior where shifting by the bit width or above gives zero, whereas SHL in x86 chooses to mask the shift amount to the lower bits to reduce the maximum execution time of the instructions, and as such a shift by the bit width doesn't change the value.
Some languages, such as the .NET Framework and LLVM, also leave shifting by the bit width and above unspecified (.NET) or undefined (LLVM). Others choose to specify the behavior of their most common target platforms, such as C# which specifies the x86 behavior.
Example
If the bit sequence 0001 0111 (decimal 23) is logically shifted by one bit position, then:
Note: MSB = Most Significant Bit,
LSB = Least Significant Bit
References
Binary arithmetic
Operators (programming)
zh:位操作#逻辑移位 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HKGolden | The HKGolden (Hong Kong Golden Forum; ) is an Internet forum for topics related to computer hardware and software among Internet users in Hong Kong in the early 2000s. HKGolden has become an Internet community. The forum is a part of HKGolden.com, a computer information portal named after the Golden Computer Centre – a shopping centre of computer products in Sham Shui Po, Kowloon, Hong Kong. Since 2006, it has become a popular and general platform for all Hong Kong netizen. It was the concentration platform of funny and satirical derivative works. However, due to the poor management of the administrators, many users have left in 2016.
Access to the website is blocked to users in the Chinese Mainland by the Great Firewall of China.
History
In the late 1990s, due to the popularity of the Internet, competition drove stores online. In an effort to protect consumers, the traders' association of the Golden Computer Centre launched the website with information about computer hardware and software prices, thus increasing the transparency of the marketplace.
In the early 2000s, a discussion forum was launched to complement the website. It was originally open in structure and without topic demarcation, and destined for computing matters. Very soon, its topics became broader-based, the discussion area segregated into "computing" and "chill" areas, each with their own topics or "stations". On-line discussion groups formed. The community, formed by ordinary citizens as well as computer geeks, would be interested in all manner of local topics. In the course of discussions, slang would be widely employed. Neologisms would often develop, and these would quickly pass virally into colloquial usage. Users are called "Golden boys" (高登仔), and users call each other "brother" (巴打) and "sister" (絲打).
Topics are themed by hobby groups, and include 'Movies', 'Photography', 'Motoring', 'Music', 'Finance', 'Sport', 'Political' , etc. Although the name "Hong Kong Golden Forum" applies to the whole, this name is now usually synonymous with the "Off-topic station" within the forum due to its runaway popularity. At one time, forum members formed themselves into registered cliques, the most prominent ones being "Big mouth" and "DIY". HKGolden has become an influential media from which topics and exclusive news are frequently being reported on magazine and newspaper. Many people believe that reporters, police and even government may be active in the forum to investigate popular culture and public opinion.
In 2003, the website was sold to Fevaworks by the owner. In July 2003, the database was severely corrupted following a hacking incident, and the website had to be closed for maintenance until 25 August of that year, when the forum was once again re-opened.
Since the incident, a number of changes were instigated:
membership category simplified to 2 types – "ordinary" and "premium"
ordinary members are allowed to create only 5 threads per day; no limit for premium members |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct%20Internet%20Access%20System | Direct Internet Access System is a technology used to access internet through DSL developed jointly by IIT Madras and Banyan Networks. It offers a wired solution for high-speed symmetrical Internet access through existing public switched telephone network lines and provides an " Always On" Internet Access that is permanently available at the customer's premises. It uses the existing cabling infrastructure by combining voice and data packets onto a single twisted-pair wire at the subscriber's premises.
The speed of this type of internet access depends upon the distance of the customer's residence from the nearest office of the broadband company.
For example:
A customer having a distance of 2.5 km from the office will have a speed of 2 Mbit/s
A customer having a distance of 5 km from the office may have a speed of 128 kbit/s
External links
Arun, C P; Smijesh, P S; Direct Internet Access System (DIAS), jointly developed by Banyan Networks and TeNeT Group, liT Madras, (Sree Narayana Gurukulam College of Engineering) ARUN C P 2005-06.pdf
'IIT Madras develops direct Internet access system' The Times of India, December 18, 1999 (TeNeT Group IIT-M Press)
Patent WO2001052460A2 - A direct internet access system - Google Patents
Digital subscriber line |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographic%20history%20of%20Jerusalem | Jerusalem's population size and composition has shifted many times over its 5,000 year history.
Most population data pre-1905 is based on estimates, often from foreign travellers or organisations, since previous census data usually covered wider areas such as the Jerusalem District. These estimates suggest that since the end of the Crusades, Muslims formed the largest group in Jerusalem until the mid-19th century. Between 1838 and 1876, a number of estimates exist which conflict as to whether Jews or Muslims were the largest group during this period, and between 1882 and 1922 estimates conflict as to exactly when Jews became a majority of the population.
In 2020, the population was 951,100, of which Jews comprised 570,100 (59.9%), Muslims 353.800 (37.2%), Christians 16.300 (1.7%), and 10,800 unclassified (1.1%).
Overview
Jerusalemites are of varied national, ethnic and religious denominations and include European, Asian and African Jews, Arabs of Sunni Shafi'i Muslim, Melkite Orthodox, Melkite Catholic, Latin Catholic, and Protestant backgrounds, Armenians of the Armenian Orthodox and Armenian Catholic , Assyrians largely of the Syriac Orthodox Church and Syriac Catholic Church, Maronites, and Copts. Many of these groups were once immigrants or pilgrims that have over time become near-indigenous populations and claim the importance of Jerusalem to their faith as their reason for moving to and being in the city.
Jerusalem's long history of conquests by competing and different powers has resulted in different groups living in the city many of whom have never fully identified or assimilated with a particular power, despite the length of their rule. Though they may have been citizens of that particular kingdom and empire and involved with civic activities and duties, these groups often saw themselves as distinct national groups (see Armenians, for example). The Ottoman millet system, whereby minorities in the Ottoman Empire were given the authority to govern themselves within the framework of the broader system, allowed these groups to retain autonomy and remain separate from other religious and national groups. Some Palestinian residents of the city prefer to use the term Maqdisi or Qudsi as a Palestinian demonym.
Historical population by religion
The tables below provide data on demographic change over time in Jerusalem, with an emphasis on the Jewish population. Readers should be aware that the boundaries of Jerusalem have changed many times over the years and that Jerusalem may also refer to a district or even a subdistrict under Ottoman, British, or Israeli administration, see e.g. Jerusalem District. Thus, year-to-year comparisons may not be valid due to the varying geographic areas covered by the population censuses.
Persian period
The population of Jerusalem during Persian rule in Judea (province of Yehud Medinata) is estimated at between 1,500 and 2,750.
1st century Judea
During the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), the population |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock%20network | A clock network or clock system is a set of synchronized clocks designed to always show exactly the same time by communicating with each other. Clock networks usually consist of a central master clock kept in sync with an official time source, and one or more slave clocks which receive and display the time from the master.
Synchronization sources
The master clock in a clock network can receive accurate time in a number of ways: through the United States GPS satellite constellation, a Network Time Protocol server, the CDMA cellular phone network, a modem connection to a time source, or by listening to radio transmissions from WWV or WWVH, or a special signal from an upstream broadcast network. Some master clocks don't determine the time automatically. Instead, they rely on an operator to manually set them.
Clock networks in critical applications often include a backup source to receive the time, or provisions to allow the master clock to maintain the time even if it loses access to its primary time source. For example, many master clocks can use the reliable frequency of the alternating current line they are connected to.
Slave clocks
Slave clocks come in many shapes and sizes. They can connect to the master clock through either a cable or a short-range wireless signal. In the 19th century Paris used a series of pneumatic tubes to transmit the signal. Some slave clocks will run independently if they lose the master signal, often with a warning light lit. Others will freeze until the connection is restored.
Clock synchronization
Many master clocks include the capability to synchronize devices like computers to the master clock signal. Common features include the transmission of the time via RS-232, a Network Time Protocol, or a Pulse Per Second (PPS) contact. Others provide SMPTE time code outputs, which are often used in television settings to synchronize the video from multiple sources. Master Clocks often come equipped with programmable relay outputs to synchronize other devices such as lights, doors, etc.
Applications
One of the driving factors in developing clock networks was the broadcast industry. Television, in particular, operates on a very strict schedule, where each second of airtime is planned ahead of time and must be executed precisely. A central clock system allows a television station's master control and production personnel to work within that schedule. A clock network synchronized to the standard UTC time also allows different television facilities to coordinate their activities without complicated out-of-band signaling. It also provides accurate timing to equipment in stations that are becoming increasingly automated.
While television broadcasters were some of the first users of clock networks, the equipment is becoming increasingly useful in other industries. For example, the National Emergency Number Association issued directive NENA-04-002, offering standards in timekeeping for 911 dispatch center |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Goguen |
Joseph Amadee Goguen ( ; June 28, 1941 – July 3, 2006) was an American computer scientist. He was professor of Computer Science at the University of California and University of Oxford, and held research positions at IBM and SRI International.
In the 1960s, along with Lotfi Zadeh, Goguen was one of the earliest researchers in fuzzy logic and made profound contributions to fuzzy set theory.
In the 1970s Goguen's work was one of the earliest approaches to the algebraic characterisation of abstract data types and he originated and helped develop the OBJ family of programming languages. He was author of A Categorical Manifesto and founder and Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Consciousness Studies. His development of institution theory impacted the field of universal logic. Standard implication in product fuzzy logic is often called "Goguen implication". Goguen categories are named after him.
He was married to Ryoko Amadee Goguen, who is a composer, pianist, and vocalist.
Education and academic career
Goguen received his bachelor's degree in mathematics from Harvard University in 1963, and his PhD in mathematics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1968, where he was a student of the founder of fuzzy set theory, Lotfi Zadeh.
He taught at UC Berkeley, the University of Chicago and University of California, Los Angeles, where he was a full professor of computer science. He held a Research Fellowship in the Mathematical Sciences at the IBM Watson Research Center, where he organised the "ADJ" group. He also visited the University of Edinburgh in Scotland on three Senior Visiting Fellowships.
From 1979 to 1988, Goguen worked at SRI International in Menlo Park, California. From 1988 to 1996, he was a professor at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory (now the Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford) in England and a Fellow at St Anne's College, Oxford. In 1996 he became professor of Computer Science at the University of California, San Diego.
Research areas
Goguen's research interests included category theory (a branch of mathematics), software engineering, fuzzy logic, algebraic semantics, user interface design, algebraic semiotics, and the social and ethical aspects of science and technology.
In the preface to a book dedicated to Goguen, Futatsugi, Jouannaud
and Meseguer stated that Goguen's work changed the way we think about concepts such as data types,
programming languages and software specification.
In a review of Goguen's work on fuzzy sets Radim Belohlavek wrote that
In the early stages of the development of fuzzy systems, Goguen made profound contributions with
lasting influence.
Lotfi Zadeh viewed Goguen's 1968 approach to "The Logic of Inexact Concepts" as seminal in the field of fuzzy logic. Goguen's PhD dissertation "Categories of fuzzy sets" was the first work to apply category theory to fuzzy logic, and led to Goguen categories being named after him.
Goguen's research in the 1970s was one of the ea |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat%20capacities%20of%20the%20elements%20%28data%20page%29 |
Specific heat capacity
Notes
All values refer to 25 °C and to the thermodynamically stable standard state at that temperature unless noted.
Values from CRC refer to "100 kPa (1 bar or 0.987 standard atmospheres)". Lange indirectly defines the values to be at a standard state pressure of "1 atm (101325 Pa)", although citing the same NBS and JANAF sources among others. It is assumed this inexactly refers to "ambient pressure".
References
CRC
As quoted in an online version of:
David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Heat Capacity of the Elements at 25 °C
WEL
As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:
R.H. Schumm, D.D. Wagman, S. Bailey, W.H. Evans, and V.B. Parker in National Bureau of Standards (USA) Technical Notes 270–1 to 270–8, 1973.
J.D. Cox, DD., Wagman, and V.A. Medvedev, CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, USA, 1989.
LNG
As quoted from various sources in:
J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 6, Thermodynamic Properties; Table 6.3, Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds
See also
Thermodynamic properties
Chemical element data pages |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20City%20Church | River City Church (formerly First Baptist Church) is a Baptist church in Minneapolis, Minnesota, member of the Venture Church Network.
History
It was founded in 1853 at Saint Anthony Falls by E.W. Cressey, a missionary with the American Baptist Home Mission Society, together with members of First Baptist Church of Saint Paul and St. Anthony gathered on March 5, 1853 and committed themselves to organizing a "Regular Baptist Church," the first Church organized in Minnesota Territory west of the Mississippi River.
The first permanent home for the Church was at Third and Nicollet, and was the largest meeting hall in Minneapolis. With the rapid growth of the city a larger building was built at 5th and Hennepin in 1857. In 1871 a group of Swedish attendees at First Baptist Church formed Bethlehem Baptist Church (Minneapolis). A new building was inaugurated in 1885 at 10th street and Hennepin avenue. The building was designed by the firm of Kees and Fisk, which later became the firm of Long and Kees. It is built of Kasota limestone in a blend of the Romanesque and Gothic revival styles. The original steeples were blown down in a 1967 windstorm.
William Bell Riley, an American Baptist evangelical Christian, served as pastor of the church for forty-five years (1897–1942) and another five as pastor emeritus until his death in 1947. He also founded the Northwestern Bible Training School along with an Evangelical Seminary, now known as University of Northwestern - St. Paul.
In 2020, the church announced that they would be changing their name to "River City Church".
In 2022, the church sold his building to Eagle Brook Church and moved to 11th Avenue.
References
External links
Official website
Churches in Minneapolis
Baptist churches in Minnesota |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Drescher | Gary L. Drescher is a scientist in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), and author of multiple books on AI, including Made-Up Minds: A Constructivist Approach to Artificial Intelligence.
His book describes a theory of how a computer program might be implemented to learn and use new concepts that have not been programmed into it. It introduces the Schema Mechanism, a general learning and concept-building mechanism inspired by Jean Piaget's account of human cognitive development.
The Schema Mechanism is intended to replicate key aspects of cognitive development during infancy. It takes Piaget's theory of human development as a source of inspiration for an artificial learning mechanism, and it extends and tests Piaget's theory by seeing whether a specific mechanism that works according to Piagetian themes exhibits Piagetian abilities.
In 2001 and 2002, Drescher was a visiting fellow at the Center for Cognitive Studies at Tufts University, which is directed by the American philosopher Daniel Dennett. Following his work at Tufts, he wrote the 2006 book Good and Real: Demystifying Paradoxes from Physics to Ethics, in which he defends rigorously mechanistic materialism. In this book, he discusses quantum mechanics, defending the Everett or Multiple Worlds Interpretation, against the dominant Copenhagen Interpretation. Among other things, he argues that the Everett Interpretation of quantum mechanics, allows for a completely determinist outlook, and it undermines the views of those (like Roger Penrose) who hold that quantum mechanics can give us some special insights into the nature of consciousness. In this book, Drescher also provides treatments of the Prisoner's Dilemma and Newcomb's Problem to build a defense of the golden rule and Kant's categorical imperative which does not require that we posit anything beyond the physical world as understood by the natural sciences.
References
External links
Made-up Minds: A Constructivist Approach to Artificial Intelligence at MIT Press
Good and Real: Demystifying Paradoxes from Physics to Ethics at MIT Press
Tom Clark's Review of Gary Drescher's Good and Real: Demystifying Paradoxes from Physics to Ethics
"Demystifying Quantum Mechanics: A Simple Universe with Quantum Uncertainty"
Drescher, Gary
Drescher, Gary
Drescher, Gary
Drescher, Gary
Drescher, Gary
Drescher, Gary |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARA%20%28computer%29 | SARA (SAABs räkneautomat, SAAB's calculating machine) was developed by SAAB when the capacity of BESK was insufficient for their needs. The project was started the fall of 1955 and became operational in 1956. SARA was built using the drawings of BESK that SAAB had bought for a symbolic sum and with the help of people who had worked with BESK, but didn't stay when Matematikmaskinnämnden decided that there would be no second generation. SARA wasn't used much, but it became the start of DataSAAB and the development of CK37 and D2.
IAS architecture computers
Science and technology in Sweden |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNITED%20for%20Intercultural%20Action | UNITED for Intercultural Action is a European network against nationalism, racism, fascism and in support of migrants and refugees, in which over 560 organisations from 48 European countries cooperate. UNITED was founded in 1992 (officially registered as charitable organisation under Dutch law in 1993) and provides a forum for active solidarity and cooperation between a wide variety of organisations in Europe and their activists across European borders.
UNITED defines itself as pan-European tool to strengthen and cross-link grassroots organisations and their actions to improve their socio-political impact. The idea of the UNITED network was born by participants of two anti-racist European youth seminars in Strasbourg in 1992. At these occasions, the need for a European-wide info- and networking system was expressed against the background of the most violent and massive xenophobic riots that took place in Germany after the Second World War: the riot of Rostock-Lichtenhagen August 22–24, 1992.
The work of UNITED mainly focuses on the coordination of European-wide awareness-raising campaigns, organisation of international conferences and the maintenance of an info-system and network structure. UNITED coordinates following annual campaigns:
European Action Week Against Racism
International Refugee Day
International Day Against Fascism and Antisemitism
UNITED has participatory status at the Council of Europe, is often an elected member of the Advisory Council on Youth of the Council of Europe and has since 1997 special consultative status with the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations.
Campaigns
European Action Week Against Racism – 21 March
In 1966, the General Assembly of the United Nations declared March 21 the International Day for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination as a reaction to the murder of 69 anti-apartheid demonstrators in Sharpeville, South Africa, in 1960.
The first European-wide Action Week Against Racism on occasion of 21 March was organised by UNITED in 1993. Since then, UNITED coordinates the European-wide Action Week Against Racism on an annual basis with the aim to create public attention by stimulating and integrating different activities under the umbrella of a common campaign. UNITED doesn't organise campaign activities, but produces and freely provides so-called “campaign tools” and documents the campaign activities. The campaign activities are organised by independent organisations and groups all over Europe. UNITED collect these activities in an online map available at www.weekagainstracism.eu.
In several countries, the idea of the annual Action Week Against Racism successfully developed into self-reinforcing tendencies, whereby local NGOs started to stimulate national action weeks. Since 2001, annual International Weeks Against Racism (German: Internationale Wochen gegen Rassismus) developed in Germany – the main organisers of this campaign are the German NGOs Interkultureller |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/They%20Stole%20a%20Million | They Stole a Million is a strategy computer game released by Ariolasoft in 1986. The objective of the game is to plan robberies and execute the crime.
The player first purchases blueprints of the house where the soon-to-be-stolen object is kept. Then several specialists can be hired which disable alarms, open locks or drive the getaway car.
The planning stage allows the player to set waypoints, actions, and the times at which the actions should take place. For example, the alarm specialist needs two minutes to disable the alarm for a certain display. After two minutes, the lock picking master opens the display and takes the loot.
Gameplay
Development
Reception
They Stole a Million received generally positive reception from video game critics.
Legacy
A remake based on the IP was created under the name Der Clou!(The Clue!), followed by a sequel, The Sting!, from the developer's house that was known at the time as Neo Software. They would go on to be assimilated into the Rockstar Games umbrella of developers.
References
External links
They Stole a Million at GameFAQs
1986 video games
Amstrad CPC games
Ariolasoft games
Commodore 64 games
Strategy video games
Video games about crime
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
ZX Spectrum games |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Wellings | Andy J. Wellings is a professor in the Computer Science department at the University of York in northern England. He works closely with Alan Burns on real-time systems, distributed, concurrent and real-time programming languages.
Andy Wellings is a member of the team responsible for the creation of the Real-time specification for Java. He is also an Ada programming language expert.
Books
Wellings has written a number of books on programming, especially in Ada.
References
External links
Andy Wellings's departmental home page
Personal home page
Andy Wellings, Scientific Commons
Andy Wellings, LinkedIn
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Academics of the University of York
English computer scientists
Computer science writers
Programming language designers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home%20Away%20from%20Homer | "Home Away from Homer" is the twentieth episode of the sixteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 15, 2005.
Plot
Lisa calls in to an unpopular public radio station and wins tickets for four to an Albanian movie called Kosovo Autumn. Homer leaves Maggie with Ned Flanders, who agrees to babysit free of charge, while the rest of the family watches the movie. When Marge picks up Maggie and hastily offers to pay Ned admits to needing extra money as a giant retail store called Left-Mart is threatening his business. Marge suggests he rent out one of his rooms to someone. He agrees, giving the room to Katja and Vicky, two female community college students.
Taking advantage of his trusting nature, the two use their room as a staging area for a softcore pornographic website, sexyslumberparty.com. Bart and Milhouse come across a banner ad for the site and share their discovery with Homer, who proceeds to spread the news around town. Marge soon discovers Homer and Bart viewing the website and forces Homer to tell Ned everything. Ned angrily forces the girls to leave, but realizes that everyone has arrived to cheer for them. Horrified at both the town's mockery and Homer's betrayal, Ned leaves town, moving to "Humbleton, Pennsylvania", home of the porcelain "Humble figurines", which he collects. Angered by Homer's actions, Marge and Lisa tell him to be on his best behavior for their new neighbor, "Coach" Clay Roberts, who becomes a cynical bully towards Homer and litters the Simpsons' yard with Ned's fallen trees, cutting their cable, and siphoning gas from Homer's car.
Meanwhile, Ned finds the friendly pseudo-Germanic town of Humbleton to be everything he ever dreamed. However, when applying for a job at the Humbleton Figurine Workshop, the manager requests him to shave his moustache, declaring it "hippie-ish" and distracting. Ned briefly considers it, but soon decides it is more important than the opinions of the townspeople, who shun him.
Homer drives to Humbleton and pleads with Ned to return, who, upon seeing the judgmental faces of the Humbleton residents glaring at him, agrees. Clay refuses to leave the house, despite Ned pointing out that his $200,000 check bounced, thus he legally still owns the property, but is persuaded once Ned and Homer overpower him by sheer force. A few hours later, Homer obtains a pipe organ, which Ned believes is from the local church, and places it in Ned's backyard for a welcome-home party, which several Springfield residents attend. Ned is happy at the party, which soon irritates Homer.
Cultural references
Clay works out to the song "(You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (to Party)" by the Beastie Boys.
Clay is a parody of Biff Tannen from the Back to the Future film series.
The song in the background when Flanders drives into Humbleton is "Lara's Theme" from the 1965 film Doctor Zhivago, a popular tune in music boxes.
Fla |
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