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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navarro%20Networks | Navarro Networks, Inc., was a developer of Ethernet-based ASIC components based in Plano, Texas, in the United States. They produced a network processor for Ethernet and other applications.
Navarro Networks was founded in 2000. Their CEO was Mark Bluhm, who was formerly a vice president at Cyrix. A group of nine employees left the Cyrix division of Via on March 21, 2000 to staff the company. The employee walkout had occurred just a day after Via announced that they would be spinning off the Cyrix division as a separate company.
Cisco Systems announced their intent to acquire Navarro Networks in May 1, 2002; on the same day, Cisco also announced their bid to acquire Hammerhead Networks. The acquisition was completed in June that year, with Cisco dealing Navarro a stock swap worth $85 million. Most of the 25 employees of Navarro joined the Internet Systems Business Unit to enhance Cisco's internal ASIC capability in Ethernet switching platforms.
References
External links
2000 establishments in Texas
2002 disestablishments in Texas
American companies established in 2000
American companies disestablished in 2002
Cisco Systems acquisitions
Computer companies established in 2000
Computer companies disestablished in 2002
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct networking companies
Networking hardware companies |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druzhba%20pipeline | The Druzhba pipeline (, ); also has been referred to as the Friendship Pipeline and the Comecon Pipeline) is one of the world's longest oil pipelines and one of the largest oil pipeline networks in the world. It began operation in 1964 and remains in operation in 2023. It carries oil some from the eastern part of European Russia to points in Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Austria and Germany. The network also branches out into numerous smaller pipelines to deliver its product throughout Eastern Europe and beyond.
The name "Druzhba" means "friendship", alluding to the fact that the pipeline established friendly relations between the Soviet Union and Western Europe through the reliable supply of oil. Today, it is the largest principal artery for the transportation of Russian (and Kazakh) oil across Europe.
History
On 18 December 1958, the 10th session of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon), held in Prague, adopted a decision and an agreement was signed on construction of a trunk crude oil pipeline from the USSR into Poland, Czechoslovakia, GDR and Hungary. The construction of the initially proposed long pipeline commenced in 1960. Each country was to supply all necessary construction materials, machinery and equipment. Czechoslovakia received first oil in 1962, Hungary in September 1963, Poland in November 1963, and the GDR in December 1963. The whole pipeline was put into operation in October 1964. The first oil pumped through the Druzhba pipeline originated from the oil fields in Tatarstan and Samara (Kuybyshev) Oblast. In the 1970s, the Druzhba pipeline system was further enlarged with the construction of geographically parallel lines.
Route
The pipeline begins at Almetyevsk in Tatarstan, the Russian heartland, where it collects oil from western Siberia, the Urals, and the Caspian Sea. It runs to Mazyr in southern Belarus, where it splits into a northern and southern branch. The northern branch crosses the remainder of Belarus across Poland to Schwedt in Germany. It supplies refineries in Płock and in Schwedt. The northern branch is also connected by the Płock–Gdańsk pipeline with the Naftoport terminal in Gdańsk, which is used for oil re-exports. In Schwedt, the Druzhba pipeline is connected with the MVL pipeline to Rostock and Spergau.
The southern branch runs south through Ukraine. In Brody, the Druzhba pipeline is connected with the Odesa-Brody pipeline, which is currently used to ship oil from the Druzhba pipeline to the Black Sea. In Uzhhorod, the pipeline splits into lines to Slovakia (Druzhba-1 — original Druzhba route) and to Hungary (Druzhba-2). The line through Slovakia is divided once again near Bratislava: one branch leading in a northwest direction to the Czech Republic and the other going southward to Hungary. The Druzhba-1 pipeline branches off toward Hungary in Banská Bystrica Region (Slovakia) near the river of Ipeľ, crosses the Hungarian border at Drégelypalánk and lead |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20reporting%20software | The following is a list of notable report generator software. Reporting software is used to generate human-readable reports from various data sources.
Commercial software
ActiveReports
Actuate Corporation
BOARD
Business Objects
Cognos BI
Crystal Reports
CyberQuery
GoodData
icCube
I-net Crystal-Clear
InetSoft
Information Builders' FOCUS and WebFOCUS
Jaspersoft
Jedox
List & Label
Logi Analytics
m-Power
MATLAB
MicroStrategy
Navicat
OBIEE
Oracle Discoverer
Oracle Reports
Hyperion
Oracle XML Publisher
Parasoft DTP
PolyAnalyst
Power BI
Plotly
Proclarity
QlikView
RapidMiner
Roambi
RW3 Technologies
SiSense
Splunk
SQL Server Reporting Services
Stimulsoft Reports
Style Report
Tableau
Targit
Telerik Reporting
TIBCO
Text Control
Windward Reports
XLCubed
Zoomdata
Zoho Analytics (as part of the Zoho Office Suite)
Free software
BIRT Project
D3.js
JasperReports
KNIME
LibreOffice Base
OpenOffice Base
Pentaho
See also
Business intelligence software
List of information graphics software
References
Reporting software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhawk%20%281995%20video%20game%29 | Warhawk, released as in Japan, is a combat flight simulation video game developed by Sony Interactive Studios America and SingleTrac and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation. It was originally released on November 10, 1995 in North America and a month later in Europe. A Windows version was planned for release in 1996 but was cancelled.
Warhawk was well received by critics and was later re-released as part of Sony's Greatest Hits line-up. It was later released on PlayStation Network in North America in 2007 and elsewhere in 2012. A multiplayer-only remake of the game, developed by Incognito Entertainment, was released in 2007 for the PlayStation 3.
Gameplay
Warhawk is a vehicle simulation game built around a futuristic VTOL craft. The player maneuvers with 360 degrees of flight control through six levels. Weapons include fire-off lock-ons, rockets, multi-fire swarmers, and plasma cannons. The game has no multiplayer capabilities and does not feature DualShock or analog controller support.
There are no saving or loading features. Instead, a password is presented each time a level is completed. The game ends after its six levels are completed, or when the player's craft can no longer fly. This occurs if the craft takes heavy damage, gets stuck in narrow places or the player ejects from their craft. The craft is teleported to base, repaired, and sent back to the stage for the first two times this happens; on the third time, the game ends.
Enemies in the game vary from being tanks and aircraft to massive fixed gun emplacements and futuristic robots. In certain areas of the game, enemies continuously respawn to challenge the player until they complete the mission objective. A version of the Warhawk craft itself is the final boss in Twisted Metal: Black.
Plot
The plot of the game centers around a megalomaniac named Kreel who has become a global threat and is threatening various nations with his seemingly unstoppable armies. Players take the role of two pilots named 'Hatch' and 'Walker', who are part of an international force devoted to fighting Kreel and his varied minions. As the campaign progresses, the source of Kreel's power is revealed to be Red Mercury, which provides his forces with their nigh-invulnerability.
The game has various endings depending on what actions the player takes during the final battle, or if the player loses all lives. These include a costly nuclear war, Kreel choking to death on a chicken bone, a happy ending selling "I survived the Red Mercury war" baseball caps, both pilots being served as the main course at Kreel's grand victory ceremony, or Hatch being brainwashed by the Red Mercury and becoming Kreel's willing servant and destroying the mothership and remaining planetary defense forces.
Development
The game was announced at E3 1995. Associate producer/designer Mike Giam explained how the game's basic concept was formed: "We looked at shooters like After Burner and StarFox, and we juxtapose |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Veterans%20Affairs%20medical%20facilities | Veterans' health care in the United States is separated geographically into 19 regions (numbered 1, 2, 4–10, 12 and 15–23) known as VISNs, or Veterans Integrated Service Networks, into systems within each network headed by medical centers, and hierarchically within each system by division level of care or type. This article lists VA VISN facilities by region, location, and type.
VA medical facilities and Vet Centers are run by the Veterans Health Administration of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. Vet Centers focus on post-war adjustment, counseling and outreach services for veterans and their families. There are currently 152 VA Medical Centers and approximately 1,400 community-based outpatient clinics in the US. Facilities types (level of care types) are listed in the VISN tables below as:
Network System Headquarters (HQ)
Network Health Care System (HCS)
VA medical centers (VAMC)
Division (Inpatient/Outpatient) (DIVIO)
Domiciliary Care (DOM)
Outpatient Clinic (OPC)
Community Based Outpatient Clinic (CBOC)
VA Independent Outpatient Clinic (IOC)
VA/DoD Joint Venture Site (VADOD)
Vet Center (VC)
Mobile Vet Center (MVC)
VA Outreach Clinic (ORC)
VA Rehabilitation Center (REHAB)
Community Service Program (CSP)
VISNs 1 through 23
VISN Regions
VISN 1: VA New England Healthcare System
Headquarters: Bedford, Massachusetts
VISN 2: VA NY/NJ Veterans Healthcare Network
Headquarters: Bronx, New York
(note: Formerly VISNs 2&3)
VISN 4: VA Healthcare - VISN 4
Headquarters: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
VISN 5: VA Capitol Health Care Network
Headquarters: Linthicum, Maryland
VISN 6: VA Mid-Atlantic Health Care Network
Headquarters: Durham, North Carolina
VISN 7: VA Southeast Network
Headquarters: Duluth, Georgia
VISN 8: VA Sunshine Healthcare Network
Headquarters: Saint Petersburg, Florida
VISN 9: VA Mid South Healthcare Network
Headquarters: Nashville, Tennessee
VISN 10: VA Healthcare System
Headquarters: Cincinnati, Ohio
(note: Formerly VISN's 10 & 11)
VISN 12: VA Great Lakes Health Care System
Headquarters: Hines, Illinois
VISN 13 & 14 (merged to 23)
VISN 13 & 14 merged into VISN 23.
VISN 15: VA Heartland Health Care Network
Headquarters: Kansas City, Missouri
VISN 16: VA South Central Health Care Network
Headquarters: Ridgeland, Mississippi
VISN 17: VA Heart of Texas Health Care Network
Headquarters: Arlington, Texas
VISN 18: VA Southwest Health Care Network
Headquarters: Mesa, Arizona
VISN 19: VA Rocky Mountain Network
Headquarters: Glendale, Colorado
VISN 20: VA Northwest Network
Headquarters: Vancouver, Washington
VISN 21: VA Sierra Pacific Network
Headquarters: Mare Island, California
VISN 22: VA Desert Pacific Healthcare Network
Headquarters: Long Beach, California
VISN 23: VA Midwest Health Care Network
Headquarters: Minneapolis, Minnesota and Lincoln, Nebraska
List of Veterans Affairs medical facilities by state
in
References
External links
Veteran Health Administration directory. U.S. Department of Veterans |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976%20in%20Australian%20television | This is a list of Australian television-related events in 1976.
Events
1 January – Australian children's television series The Lost Islands screens on The 0-10 Network. Co-produced by The 0-10 Network and Paramount Pictures and distributed by CBS Television, the series had a modest following in Australia, but was sold well to oversea markets such as the UK, Canada, the United States, France, New Zealand, Israel, South Africa, West Germany, Italy, Sri Lanka and various parts of Europe, like The Netherlands.
9 February – Australian game show The Celebrity Game returns to The 0-10 Network with a brand new, revamped version. The original host of the series, Bert Newton, is replaced by English actor and singer Mike Preston.
15 April – Two American sitcoms, Welcome Back, Kotter and Barney Miller, both air on Seven Network on the same day.
July – ABC, Seven Network and Nine Network have combined forces to provide the coverage of the Olympic Games from Montreal, Quebec. The opening and closing ceremonies are telecast live, with highlights packages screening each evening.
12 July – Australian wildlife series In the Wild presented by Harry Butler debuts on ABC.
2 August – A brand new Australian youth pop program called Flashez hosted by Ray Burgess and Mike Meade premieres on ABC.
2 August – Australian police drama Bluey debuts on Seven Network.
13 August – Australian sitcom Alvin Purple, based on the two sex movies, premieres on ABC.
3 September – Australian prison comedy series The Bluestone Boys makes it premiere on The 0-10 Network. The series only ran for a total of 26 episodes and was cancelled as it was not particularly successful.
5 November – Chopper Squad an Australian drama series premieres on The 0-10 Network.
8 November – A brand new Australia hospital drama from Grundy Organisation The Young Doctors screens on Nine Network. It was later broadcast in various different countries such as the UK, USA, France, Spain and Ireland.
15 November – Crawford Productions's brand new WWII Australian drama television series The Sullivans premieres on Nine Network.
25 November – Final episode of the Australian sitcom Alvin Purple is broadcast on the ABC.
26 November – RTS5A is launched, serving Loxton, Renmark and the Riverland in South Australia.
November – Mike Walsh has announced that he will be moving his own daytime show from The 0-10 Network to Nine Network starting from early 1977.
1 December – Final episode of the Australian children's series The Lost Islands airs on The 0-10 Network.
The 0-10 Network airs the final episode of its Australian police drama series Matlock Police.
Debuts
New International Programming
2 January – Swiss Family Robinson (1974) (ABC)
22 January – S.W.A.T. (Nine Network)
9 February – Partridge Family 2200 A.D. (Seven Network)
9 February – The Invisible Man (1975) (Nine Network)
9 February – Starsky and Hutch (Nine Network)
17 February – Switch (The 0-10 Network)
25 March – Wodehouse Playhou |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin%20Louis%20Cole | Edwin Louis Cole (1922–2002), also known as Ed Cole, was the founder of the Christian Men's Network, an American religious organization devoted to helping Christian men and fathers. He published many books and preached numerous sermons relating to men and religion.
Early life
After his birth in Dallas, Cole lived with his mother in Texas until the age of four, when he became ill with a severe case of scarlet fever. After being told that he would not survive without sea air and sun, his mother Florence moved to Los Angeles, California, with young Edwin.
Cole was educated at Belmont High School in Downtown Los Angeles.
In Los Angeles, Edwin played an active role in the Angelus Temple of Aimee Semple McPherson, often participating in the Temple's illustrated sermons. He played a trumpet with street corner witnessing teams on Los Angeles's skid row.
He enlisted in the United States Coast Guard during World War II, where he met his wife, fellow Coast Guard member Nancy Corbett. Later Cole began street witnessing again, and within two years accepted the pastorate of a church in northern California.
Religious career
Cole eventually became a full-time district men’s minister. He spent the next two decades undertaking a number of religious endeavors, including mission trips, evangelizing, and Christian TV stations. In 1977 Cole founded the Christian Men's Network. At that time he was still actively ministering on two Christian television networks, acting as chancellor of a ministry school, and helping to establish a radio ministry. In April 1984 Cole resigned from these positions to focus exclusively on his men's ministry, which started slowly but grew in the 1980s and 1990s.
"Dr. Cole was ordained in the Assemblies of God and received his doctorate as a correspondence student from the New Covenant International University in New Zealand."
Later life
In 1993 Cole and his wife, Nancy, moved back to Texas to continue ministering. Nancy died of cancer in 2000. In 2002 he was diagnosed with cancer while being treated for a broken back. He collapsed on August 25, 2002, and was taken to a nearby hospital in critical condition. He died on August 27, 2002, and was buried at a private ceremony in Newport Beach, California.
Quotes
An exhaustive complete listing of all 940 "Coleisms", their scriptural references, and additional information, is at The Ed Cole Library "Coleism" Section.
"Manhood and Christlikeness are synonymous."
"Have faith in God; God has faith in you."
"Being a male is a matter of birth. Being a man is a matter of choice." Ben Kinchelow
"Teach to teach to teach." / "Teach to teach, 'til every man is taught."
"Christians are not patched-up sinners, they are new creations."
"You don't drown by falling in the water; you drown by staying there."
"Do not let others create your world for you, for they will always create it too small."
References
External links
The Ed Cole Library
Edwin Louis Cole at New Man Magazine (address |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCVE | MCVE is a credit card processing computer software library and interface running under the Red Hat operating system, replacing Red Hat's CCVS. It was built in to some older versions of PHP.
In November 2001, Main Street Softworks signed a contract with Red Hat to migrate the existing CCVS clientele to use MCVE. On July 2, 2003, Main Street Softworks renamed MCVE to Monetra. The following day a new version of MCVE was released carrying the new name, Monetra. Since then, they have released several new versions of Monetra and were in version 7 .
References
Credit cards
Business software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrueOS | TrueOS (formerly PC-BSD or PCBSD) is a discontinued Unix-like, server-oriented operating system built upon the most recent releases of FreeBSD-CURRENT.
Up to 2018 it aimed to be easy to install by using a graphical installation program, and easy and ready-to-use immediately by providing KDE SC, Lumina, LXDE, MATE, or Xfce as the desktop environment. In June 2018 the developers announced that since TrueOS had become the core OS to provide a basis for other projects, the graphical installer had been removed. Graphical end-user-orientated OSes formerly based on TrueOS were GhostBSD and Trident. TrueOS provided official binary Nvidia and Intel drivers for hardware acceleration and an optional 3D desktop interface through KWin, and Wine is ready-to-use for running Microsoft Windows software. TrueOS was also able to run Linux software in addition to FreeBSD Ports collection and it had its own .txz package manager. TrueOS supported OpenZFS and the installer offered disk encryption with geli.
Development of TrueOS ended in 2020.
History
TrueOS was founded by FreeBSD professional Kris Moore in early 2005 as PC-BSD. In August 2006 it was voted the most beginner-friendly operating system by OSWeekly.com.
The first beta of the PC-BSD consisted of only a GUI installer to get the user up and running with a FreeBSD 6 system with KDE3 pre-configured. This was a major innovation for the time as anyone wishing to install FreeBSD would have to manually tweak and run through a text installer. Kris Moore's goal was to make FreeBSD easy for everyone to use on the desktop and has since diverged even more in the direction of usability by including additional GUI administration tools and .pbi application installers. PC-BSD's application installer management involved a different approach to installing software than many other Unix-like operating systems, up to and including version 8.2, by means of the pbiDIR website. Instead of using the FreeBSD Ports tree directly (although it remained available), PC-BSD used files with the .pbi filename extension (Push Button Installer) which, when double-clicked, brought up an installation wizard program. An autobuild system tracked the FreeBSD ports collection and generated new .pbi files daily. All software packages and dependencies were installed from inside of the .pbi files into their own self-contained directories in /Programs. This convention was aimed to decrease confusion about where binary programs reside, and to remove the possibility of a package breaking if system libraries are upgraded or changed, and to prevent dependency hell.
On October 10, 2006, PC-BSD was acquired by enterprise hardware provider iXsystems. iXsystems employed Kris Moore as a full-time developer and leader of the project. In November 2007, iXsystems entered into a distribution agreement with Fry's Electronics whereby Fry's Electronics stores nationwide carry boxed copies of PC-BSD version 1.4 (Da Vinci Edition). In January 2008, iXsystems enter |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDesktop | OpenDesktop is:
an online community for open source content and applications, see openDesktop.org
the name of an operating system of the Santa Cruz Operation
the former name of a Linux distribution now called Co-CreateLinux |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent%20ML | Dependent ML is an experimental functional programming language proposed by Hongwei Xi and Frank Pfenning. Dependent ML extends ML by a restricted notion of dependent types: types may be dependent on static indices of type Nat (natural numbers). Dependent ML employs a constraint theorem prover to decide a strong equational theory over the index expressions.
DML's types are not dependent on runtime values - there is still a phase distinction between compilation and execution of the program. By restricting the generality of full dependent types type checking remains decidable, but type inference becomes undecidable.
Dependent ML has been superseded by ATS and is no longer under active development.
References
Further reading
David Aspinall and (2005). "Dependent Types". In Pierce, Benjamin C. (ed.) Advanced Topics in Types and Programming Languages. MIT Press.
External links
The home page of DML
ML programming language family
Declarative programming languages
Functional languages
Dependently typed languages
Programming languages created in the 1990s
Discontinued programming languages |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme%20Graphics | Extreme Graphics is a computer graphics architecture for Silicon Graphics computer workstations. Extreme Graphics was developed in 1993 and was available as a high-end graphics option on workstations such as the Indigo2, released during the mid-1990s. Extreme Graphics gives the workstation real-time 2D and 3D graphics rendering capability similar to that of even high-end PCs made many years after Extreme's introduction, with the exception of texture rendering which is performed in software. Extreme Graphics systems consist of eight Geometry Engines and two Raster Engines, twice as many units as the Elan/XZ graphics used in the Indy, Indigo, and Indigo2. The eight geometry engines are rated at 256 MFLOPS maximum, far faster than the MIPS R4400 CPU used in the workstation.
Extreme Graphics consists of five graphics subsystems: the Command Engine, Geometry Subsystem, Raster Engine, framebuffer and Display Subsystem. Extreme Graphics can produce resolutions up to 1280 x 1024 pixels with 24-bit color and can also process unencoded NTSC and PAL analog television signals. It is reported by the PROM as GU1-Extreme.
The Extreme Graphics architecture was superseded by SGI's IMPACT graphics architecture in 1995.
External links
Indigo2 and POWER Indigo2 Technical Report
2nd-hand Indigo2 Buyers' Guide
Graphics chips
SGI graphics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TorrentSpy | TorrentSpy was a popular BitTorrent indexing website. It provided .torrent files, which enabled users to exchange data between one another.
It also provided a forum to comment on them and integrated the user-driven content site ShoutWire into the front page. In August 2007, there were more than 1,000,000 torrents indexed with thousands of new torrents indexed every day.
The Motion Picture Association of America filed a lawsuit in February 2006 for TorrentSpy facilitating copyright infringement as many torrents on its site were linking to copyrighted films. In December 2007 the court ruled against TorrentSpy.
On March 24, 2008, facing further fines for not cooperating with the court, TorrentSpy shut itself down.
History
In February 2006, the MPAA filed lawsuits against TorrentSpy, isoHunt, and others for "abusing technology to facilitate infringement of copyrighted works."
On May 29, 2007, A United States federal judge ordered that TorrentSpy begin monitoring its users' activities and to submit these logs to the Motion Picture Association of America. The TorrentSpy attorney, Ira Rothken, stated that TorrentSpy would rather deny access to U.S. users before it started monitoring anyone, since such monitoring is in violation of TorrentSpy's own privacy policy.
In August 2007, TorrentSpy began denying access to United States users and international users using US-based ISPs. In response, the MPAA filed documents calling TorrentSpy's denial of access "another illegitimate attempt by defendants to evade authority of this court and the May 29 order", and asking for sanctions. The ability for users to make comments on individual torrents was also disabled at this time.
In October 2007, a former TorrentSpy associate, Robert Anderson, said that the MPAA paid him $15,000 for inside information about the website. He was also able to hack into TorrentSpy's e-mail system and hand over confidential information to the MPAA. Even though MPAA admitted in the court having bought the inside e-mails, justice ruled that they contained no business secrets, nor that there would have been anything illegal in the procedure.
On March 24, 2008, TorrentSpy's servers were shut down, shortly after a message was posted commenting on the end of TorrentSpy:
"Friends of TorrentSpy,
We have decided on our own, not due to any court order or agreement, to bring the Torrentspy.com search engine to an end and thus we permanently closed down worldwide on March 24, 2008.
The legal climate in the USA for copyright, privacy of search requests, and links to torrent files in search results is simply too hostile. We spent the last two years, and hundreds of thousands of dollars, defending the rights of our users and ourselves.
Ultimately the Court demanded actions that in our view were inconsistent with our privacy policy, traditional court rules, and International law; therefore, we now feel compelled to provide the ultimate method of privacy protection for our users - permanent shu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rands | Rands is the pen name and alter ego of Michael Lopp (born 1970 in California), a blogger, software engineering manager, and webcomic author. Lopp originally used the name "Rands" as his chat room handle, and it is his persona when writing about software management. Rands is his wife's maiden name, though they were dating at the time he chose it. In 2010, he began working at Palantir after more than eight years at Apple. In June 2014 after 4 years he left Palantir for Pinterest. He became Vice President of Engineering at Slack in May 2016, then left Slack in 2019 to return to Apple as Senior Director of Engineering in 2020.
Web publications
Starting in 1996, Lopp wrote The BitSifter Digest, a website that published "the more interesting collections of bits which arrive at our desks" once a week, which increased in frequency and became daily by 2001. According to Steve Baldwin of disobey.com's Ghost Sites, it received recognition for its "pioneering use of borderless frames" and "topical, eclectic editorial content", and "was an important forerunner of the 'Blog.'" The BitSifter Digest stopped updating in 2001 and no longer exists at the domain name bitsifter.com.
Lopp co-created the webcomic Jerkcity (now BoneQuest), which started in 1998 and included a character named "Rands".
In April 2002, Lopp started a blog titled Rands in Repose. It explains aspects of technological or corporate culture, with particular focus on techniques for improving management skills. For example, one post explains the nuances of an interesting application, and another identifies and names workplace stereotypes. Posts contain a level of observational humor, such as direct explanations of management jargon.
Print publications
In June 2005, an essay by Lopp was published in the book The Best Software Writing I, edited by Joel Spolsky. The essay was the July 2004 post on Rands in Repose titled "What To Do When You're Screwed."
In June 2007, Lopp published a book titled Managing Humans: Biting and Humorous Tales of a Software Engineering Manager. A supporting website, Managing Humans, gives a brief pitch for the book.
In August 2010, Lopp published his second book titled Being Geek: A Software Developer's Career Handbook. A website, Being Geek, supports the publishing of the book and includes an original teaser video for the book.
References
External links
BoneQuest
Rands In Repose
American webcomic creators
Living people
Writers from California
1970 births
American computer programmers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTVU | KTVU (channel 2) is a television station licensed to Oakland, California, United States, serving as the San Francisco Bay Area's Fox network outlet. It is owned and operated by the network's Fox Television Stations division alongside San Jose-licensed independent outlet KICU-TV (channel 36). Both stations share studios at Jack London Square in Oakland, while KTVU's transmitter is located atop Sutro Tower in San Francisco.
History
As an independent station
The station first signed on the air on March 3, 1958, originally operating as an independent station. The station was originally owned by San Francisco–Oakland Television, Inc., a local firm whose principals were William D. Pabst and Ward D. Ingrim, former executives at the Don Lee Network and KFRC radio; and Edwin W. Pauley, a Bay Area businessman who had led a separate group which competed against Pabst and Ingrim for the station's construction permit. KTVU's operations were inaugurated with a special live telecast from its temporary studio facility at the former Paris Theatre in downtown Oakland. That June, the station moved into a permanent facility at Jack London Square in western Oakland, which was constructed using material gathered by the Port of Oakland and repurposed from a demolished pier.
Channel 2 was the fourth commercial television station to sign on in the Bay Area, and the first independent station in the market. It was the second television outlet in Northern California to have been assigned the KTVU call letters, which were previously used by a short-lived station on UHF channel 36 in Stockton, which operated from December 1953 to April 30, 1955. During its first 15 years on the air, KTVU's transmitter facilities were originally based on a tower on San Bruno Mountain in northern San Mateo County. KTVU moved its transmitter facilities to the Sutro Tower after the structure was completed in 1973.
The Ingrim–Pabst–Pauley group attempted to sell KTVU to NBC in 1960, as the network sought to acquire a television station in the Bay Area to operate alongside KNBC radio (now KNBR). The sale was eventually canceled in October 1961, due to pre-existing concerns over the sale cited by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that were related to NBC's ownership of radio and television stations in Philadelphia; as a result, the NBC affiliation in San Francisco stayed with KRON-TV (channel 4, now a MyNetworkTV affiliate) until 2001, when NBC attempted again, successfully purchasing KNTV (channel 11). Eighteen months after the sale to NBC was aborted, in July 1963 channel 2 was sold to the Miami Valley Broadcasting Company, a precursor to the broadcasting division of Atlanta-based Cox Enterprises, for $12.3 million; the sale was finalized in mid-October of that year. Over the station's history as an independent, KTVU's programming schedule consisted mainly of syndicated off-network series, movies, talk shows and religious programs, as well as a sizeable amount of locally produced new |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APC%20by%20Schneider%20Electric | APC by Schneider Electric (formerly American Power Conversion Corporation) is a manufacturer of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), electronics peripherals, and data center products.
In 2007, Schneider Electric acquired APC and combined it with MGE UPS Systems to form Schneider Electric's Critical Power & Cooling Services Business Unit, which recorded 2007 revenue of US$3.5 billion (EUR 2.4 billion) and employed 12,000 people worldwide. Until February 2007, when it was acquired, it had been a member of the S&P 500 list of the largest publicly traded companies in the United States.
Schneider Electric, with 113,900 employees and operations in 102 countries, had 2008 annual sales of $26 billion (EUR 18.3 billion).
In 2011, APC by Schneider Electric became a product brand only, while the company was rebranded as the IT Business Unit of Schneider Electric.
History
APC was founded in 1981 by three MIT Lincoln Lab electronic power engineers. Originally, the engineers focused on solar power research and development. When government funding for their research ended, APC shifted its focus to power protection by introducing its first UPS in 1984.
Acquisition by Schneider
Schneider Electric announced its acquisition of APC on October 30, 2006 and completed it on February 14, 2007. APC share-holders approved the deal on January 16, 2007. The European Union authorized the merger, provided that Schneider divest itself of the MGE UPS SYSTEMS global UPS business below 10kVA. Late in 2007 Eaton Powerware bought the MGE Office Protection Systems division of Schneider.
Product lines
The company focuses its efforts on four application areas:
Home/home office
Business networks
Access provider networks
Data centers and facilities
Symmetra
APC Symmetra LX is a line of uninterruptible power supply products, aimed at network and server applications. Symmetras come in power configurations ranging from 4 kVA to 16 kVA. Symmetras are built for use in a data center (in a 19-inch rack for example). They include features such as integrated manageability, hot-swappability, user replaceable power, and battery and intelligence modules. Typical applications include web and other application servers, IP based and traditional PBX voice solutions, and enterprise type network switches.
Smart-UPS
APC Smart-UPS is a line of smaller units intended for home and office use, available as floor-standing and rackmount versions. With the exception of the Smart-UPS Online series (SURT and SRT models), Smart-UPS units are line-interactive UPS systems, running their outputs off the inverters only when the grid power is unavailable.
PowerChute
PowerChute is a computer program by APC used to control the uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) the company produces. It provides unattended shutdown of servers and workstations in the event of an extended power outage. It also monitors and logs the UPS status. Some versions with reduced functionality are shipped together with the UPS |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BFF | BFF may refer to:
Computing
"Backend for Frontend" pattern, a client-oriented design of web and mobile API in frontend and backend development
Backup-file Format, a data archive format used by IBM AIX
Film
BFF: Best Friends Forever, a 2009 Filipino comedy film
Bicycle Film Festival, a festival to celebrate the bicycle through music, art, and film
Birrarangga Film Festival, a biennial Australian film festival focusing on indigenous filmmakers from around the world
Boston Film Festival, an annual film festival in Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Music
Ben Folds Five, an American rock band
"BFF", a song by Kesha from the album High Road (2020)
"BFF", a song by Slayyyter featuring Ayesha Erotica from the mixtape Slayyyter (2018)
Sport
Bangladesh Football Federation, the governing body of football in Bangladesh
Basque Football Federation, the governing body of football in the Basque Country
Transport
Blaenau Ffestiniog railway station (National Rail station code), near Gwynedd, Wales
Western Nebraska Regional Airport (IATA code), near Scottsbluff, Nebraska, United States
Other uses
Best friends forever, a close friendship
See also
Best friends forever (disambiguation)
BF2 (disambiguation)
BFFs, a 2014 American comedy film
"BFFs" (The Cleveland Show), a 2011 episode of The Cleveland Show
"BFFS" (The Boys Presents: Diabolical), a 2022 episode of The Boys Presents: Diabolical
BIFF (disambiguation), includes several film festivals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gozan | Gozan may refer to:
Jazan, Saudi Arabia
The ancient River Gozan, Amu Darya, the River Amu or Oxus, a river in North Afghanistan and Central Asia.
the Five Mountain System, a Japanese network of Zen temples (Gozan Seidō)
Tell Halaf, a Syrian archeological site near the city of Guzana or Gozan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freenet%20%28disambiguation%29 | Freenet is a pioneering anonymous peer-to-peer distributed data store
Freenet may also refer to:
Freenet (Central Asia), certain national internet structures in Central Asia
Free-Net, a text-based community computer network which offers limited Internet services, at little or no cost, is also known as a "free-net"
Wireless community network, the term "freenet" is commonly used to refer to "free networks".
Freenet AG, a German telecommunication company
National Capital FreeNet, a community organization internet service provider in Ottawa
Freenet (ISP) New Zealand's first free internet service provider
Freenet (radio), a Personal Mobile Radio system in Germany |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Great%20Outdoors%20%28Australian%20TV%20series%29 | The Great Outdoors was an Australian travel magazine series broadcast on the Seven Network. It began in 1993 and was broadcast regularly until 2009, with a short-lived revival in 2012.
History
Similar to its long time competitor Getaway, on the Nine Network, the program featured a team of reporters who travelled around Australia and overseas, reporting on travel destinations, tourist attractions and accommodation.
The program premiered on 5 February 1993 in a 30-minute format and was broadcast on Tuesday evenings at . In 2002, the show was expanded to 60 minutes and moved to the Monday timeslot, where it had stayed until 2006.
After suffering a gradual decline in ratings, the show moved to a new timeslot of Saturdays from the 2007 season. On 28 April 2007, the show celebrated 600 episodes, making it one of the longest-running programs on Australian television. However, after further decline in ratings, The Great Outdoors was cancelled in August 2009. The show did briefly return in October 2012 for a revamped series with 8 episodes airing on a Saturday evening at 5pm, with the possibility of a new season in 2013 which did not eventuate.
Former presenters
Bridget Adams (1994−2001)
Ann-Maree Biggar (2004–2005)
Adam Brand (2012)
Penny Cook (1993–1996)
Shelley Craft (2001–2007)
Neil Crompton
Laura Csortan (2000–2006)
Andrew Daddo (1994), (2002–2008)
Ernie Dingo (1993–2009)
Andrew Dwyer (1994)
Sophie Falkiner (1999–2005)
Rachael Finch (2012)
Sofie Formica (1993–1994)
Jennifer Hawkins (2005–2009)
Tony Johnston (1996), (1999−2001)
Terasa Livingstone (1998−2001)
Di Smith (1996–2006)
Pete Wells (2012)
Tom Williams (2001−2009), (2012)
See also
List of Australian television series
List of programs broadcast by Seven Network
List of longest-running Australian television series
References
External links
The Great Outdoors at the National Film and Sound Archive
Seven Network original programming
Australian non-fiction television series
1993 Australian television series debuts
2009 Australian television series endings
2012 Australian television series debuts
2012 Australian television series endings
Australian television series revived after cancellation
Australian travel television series |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperTransport%20Consortium | The HyperTransport Consortium is an industry consortium responsible for specifying and promoting the computer bus technology called HyperTransport.
Organizational form
The Technical Working Group along with several Task Forces manage the HyperTransport specification and drive new developments. A Marketing Working Group promotes the use of the technology and the consortium.
History
It was founded in 2001 by Advanced Micro Devices, Alliance Semiconductor, Apple Computer, Broadcom Corporation, Cisco Systems, NVIDIA, PMC-Sierra, Sun Microsystems, and Transmeta. As of 2009 it has over 50 members.
Executives
As of 2009, Mike Uhler of AMD is the President of the Consortium, Mario Cavalli is the General Manager, Brian Holden of PMC-Sierra is both the Vice President and the Chair of the Technical Working Group, Deepika Sarai is the Treasurer.
External links
HyperTransport Consortium web site
Technology Page
Link Technical Specifications
HTX and DUT Connector Specifications
White Papers
Technology consortia
Computer buses |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRCA | KRCA (channel 62) is a television station licensed to Riverside, California, United States, broadcasting the Spanish-language Estrella TV network to the Los Angeles area. It is the flagship television property of Burbank-based Estrella Media. The station's studios are located on North Victory Drive (near Interstate 5) in Burbank. Through a channel sharing agreement with KABC-TV (channel 7), KRCA transmits using KABC-TV's spectrum from an antenna atop Mount Wilson. Despite Riverside being KRCA's city of license, the station maintains no physical presence there.
History
The station signed on March 20, 1989, as KSLD on UHF channel 62, displacing a low-power translator of San Bernardino-based PBS member station KVCR-TV (channel 24). The station was owned by Sunland Broadcasting; it was the first new Southern California TV station since channel 46 had returned in 1984. Channel 62 was intended to be the third Spanish-language TV outlet in the Southland, but an inability to secure enough programming prompted the station to emerge instead with home shopping programming from Home Shopping Network. The reason that KSLD-TV could not secure the programming was the collapse of Transvision, a proposed network of which channel 62 would have been the Los Angeles affiliate; the network opted to delay its launch.
In 1990, Sunland sold KSLD to Fouce Amusement Enterprises, for $3.575 million. Fouce changed the call letters to KRCA and began broadcasting Asian-language programming, as well as fare in Armenian and Persian.
In 1997, KRCA was sold for $60 million to Liberman Broadcasting (which was renamed Estrella Media in February 2020, following a corporate reorganization of the company under private equity firm HPS Investment Partners, LLC). Liberman, which owned several Spanish-language radio stations in southern California, converted KRCA into a Spanish-language independent station.
In May 2005, KRCA was the subject of controversy due to billboards advertising its local newscasts, in which the place name "Los Angeles, CA" had the "CA" postal abbreviation crossed out, replaced with the word "MEXICO" in bold red and a picture of the El Ángel victory column on the Paseo de la Reforma superimposed onto a picture of the Los Angeles skyline. The billboard was deemed provocative by some, and protests erupted outside Liberman Broadcasting studios. California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger spoke on the popular John and Ken radio talk show on KFI requesting that the Libermans remove the signs. After negotiations between the station and Clear Channel Outdoor (a company that shared common ownership with KFI at the time), the owner of the billboards, the messages were replaced with a more generic advertisement.
News operation
KRCA presently broadcasts 7½ hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with 1½ hours each weekday) and no newscasts on weekends. On March 1, 2022, Estrella TV laid of most of its staff for KRCA's news operation outside a few remaining multimedia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jak%20and%20Daxter%3A%20The%20Precursor%20Legacy | Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy is a 2001 platform video game developed by Naughty Dog and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the Sony PlayStation 2 on December 4, 2001, as the first game of the Jak and Daxter series.
The game follows the protagonist, a young teenager named Jak, as he tries to help his friend Daxter after he is transformed into an ottsel, a fictional hybrid of an otter and a weasel. With the help of Samos the Sage, a master of the mysterious energy called 'Eco' created by an ancient race known as the Precursors, the pair learn that they must save their world from the rogue sages Gol and Maia Acheron, who plan to flood the world with "Dark Eco", a mysterious substance which corrupts all it touches.
The game offers a large range of missions, collectibles and objectives often in the form of minigames which provide a variety of gameplay experiences, as well as puzzles and platforming stages which are completed by the player to proceed the story. The title is often credited as being one of the first games with 'no' loading screens, with players able to traverse from the starting location to the final battle, and all interconnected levels in-between, without breaking away from gameplay.
Development began in January 1999, following the fourth installment of Naughty Dog's Crash Bandicoot franchise for the PlayStation. Jak and Daxter received critical acclaim upon release, with most critics praising the game's variety. Many critics agreed that the game had some of the best-looking graphics at the time of its release. By 2002, the game had sold a total of over one million copies worldwide, and by 2007, it had sold two million in the United States alone.
In 2012, it was one of the remastered ports in the Jak and Daxter Collection for the PlayStation 3, and for the PlayStation Vita in 2013. It was released as a "PS2 Classic" port for the PlayStation 4 on 22 August 2017, the same day as the release of Uncharted: The Lost Legacy. In 2022, a PC port was released by fans.
Gameplay
Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy is a 3D platformer in which the objective is to gather items to progress through the levels. The player controls Jak, who has access to abilities such as double jumping, a rapid spinning kick, and glide punching. Injuries are accounted for by way of a life meter, which decreases whenever Jak is hit by enemies, falls from long distances, or makes contact with hazardous surfaces.
The Precursor Legacy offers several collectibles for the player to gather. The main objects are power cells, which are used to energize machinery to reach new levels. Power cells can be earned in many ways, such as fighting enemies, performing tasks for other characters, completing platforming challenges, and paying for them via Precursor orbs. Precursor orbs are egg-shaped collectables found scattered throughout the world, some in plain sight, and some hidden. Another collectible, scout flies, appear on every level. Collecting all sev |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link%20aggregation | In computer networking, link aggregation is the combining (aggregating) of multiple network connections in parallel by any of several methods. Link aggregation increases total throughput beyond what a single connection could sustain, and provides redundancy where all but one of the physical links may fail without losing connectivity. A link aggregation group (LAG) is the combined collection of physical ports.
Other umbrella terms used to describe the concept include trunking, bundling, bonding, channeling or teaming.
Implementation may follow vendor-independent standards such as Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) for Ethernet, defined in IEEE 802.1AX or the previous IEEE 802.3ad, but also proprietary protocols.
Motivation
Link aggregation increases the bandwidth and resilience of Ethernet connections.
Bandwidth requirements do not scale linearly. Ethernet bandwidths historically have increased tenfold each generation: 10 megabit/s, 100 Mbit/s, 1000 Mbit/s, 10,000 Mbit/s. If one started to bump into bandwidth ceilings, then the only option was to move to the next generation, which could be cost prohibitive. An alternative solution, introduced by many of the network manufacturers in the early 1990s, is to use link aggregation to combine two physical Ethernet links into one logical link. Most of these early solutions required manual configuration and identical equipment on both sides of the connection.
There are three single points of failure inherent to a typical port-cable-port connection, in either a computer-to-switch or a switch-to-switch configuration: the cable itself or either of the ports the cable is plugged into can fail. Multiple logical connections can be made, but many of the higher level protocols were not designed to fail over completely seamlessly. Combining multiple physical connections into one logical connection using link aggregation provides more resilient communications.
Architecture
Network architects can implement aggregation at any of the lowest three layers of the OSI model. Examples of aggregation at layer 1 (physical layer) include power line (e.g. IEEE 1901) and wireless (e.g. IEEE 802.11) network devices that combine multiple frequency bands. OSI layer 2 (data link layer, e.g. Ethernet frame in LANs or multi-link PPP in WANs, Ethernet MAC address) aggregation typically occurs across switch ports, which can be either physical ports or virtual ones managed by an operating system. Aggregation at layer 3 (network layer) in the OSI model can use round-robin scheduling, hash values computed from fields in the packet header, or a combination of these two methods.
Regardless of the layer on which aggregation occurs, it is possible to balance the network load across all links. However, in order to avoid out-of-order delivery, not all implementations take advantage of this. Most methods provide failover as well.
Combining can either occur such that multiple interfaces share one logical address (i.e. IP) or one phy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freifunk | Freifunk (German for: "free radio") is a non-commercial open grassroots initiative to support free computer networks in the German region. Freifunk is part of the international movement for a wireless community network. The initiative counts about 400 local communities with over 41,000 access points. Among them, Münster, Aachen, Munich, Hanover, Stuttgart, and Uelzen are the biggest communities, with more than 1,000 access points each.
Aim
The main goals of Freifunk are to build a large-scale free wireless Wi-Fi network that is decentralized, owned by those who run it and to support local communication. The initiative is based on the Picopeering Agreement. In this agreement, participants agree upon a network that is free from discrimination, in the sense of net neutrality. Similar grassroots initiatives in Austria and in Switzerland are FunkFeuer and Openwireless.
Technology
Like many other free community-driven networks, Freifunk uses mesh technology to bring up ad hoc networks by interconnecting multiple Wireless LANs. In a Wi-Fi mobile ad hoc network, all routers connect to each other using special routing software. When a router fails, this software automatically calculates a new route to the destination. This software, the Freifunk firmware, is based on OpenWrt and other free software.
There are several different implementations of the firmware depending on the hardware and protocols local communities use. The first Wi-Fi ad hoc network was done in Georgia, USA in 1999 as demonstrated by Toh. It was a six-node implementation running the Associativity-Based Routing protocol on Linux kernel and WAVELAN WiFi. But ABR was a patented protocol. Following that experience, Freifunk worked on standard IETF protocols - the two common standard proposals are OLSR and B.A.T.M.A.N. The development of B.A.T.M.A.N. is driven by Freifunk activists on a volunteering basis.
History
One of the results of the BerLon workshop in October 2002 on free wireless community networks in Berlin and London was the Picopeering Agreement. This agreement about rationales of free networks describes how the transmission of other people's data is handled in a free network and has become a core agreement of the community. During the workshop, participants also agreed upon regular meetings in Berlin to build their own free wifi network. Ever since, there have been weekly meetings at c-base Hackerspace every Wednesday. At the same time, the German language site freifunk.net was started.
In September 2003, Freifunk activists founded the non-profit association Förderverein Freie Netzwerke e.V. to support free communication infrastructures.
In the following years, the initiative became quite successful all over Germany, also because it became easier to install the Freifunk firmware on off-the-shelf wireless routers. There is a yearly Wireless Community Weekend taking place in Berlin, at c-base.
Legal issues
In 2012, the Berlin Freifunk community got a lot of media attenti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student%20Christian%20Movement%20of%20Canada | The Student Christian Movement of Canada (SCM Canada) is a youth-led ecumenical network of student collectives based in spirituality, issues of social, economic justice, environmental justice, and building autonomous local communities on campuses across the country. It is part of the World Student Christian Federation. The SCM Canada works with other Christian groups, for example, in 2017 supporting the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity.
History
In 1895, leaders from North American and European countries established and united national SCMs within the first international student organization, the World Student Christian Federation.
Starting out as at the McGill YMCA, SCM Canada was founded and incorporated into the WSCF in 1921. It is estimated that nearly five percent of students in English Canada were involved in the group from the time of its inception to 1930.
Like its international counterpart, SCM Canada has been part of the ecumenical movement, the turbulence of the 1960s student movements, the mid-20th century shift in balance of power from liberal to evangelical Christian conservatism, the pressures of maintaining unity across the spectrum of Christianity, and the tension between a theological study focus and a social activism focus.
Since its founding, SCM Canada has taken stands on social issues including support for the ordination of women, opposing internment of Japanese-Canadians during World War II; anti-war activities since the 1960s; and facing controversy for its solidarity with LGBTQ Christians. Members were involved in the Canadian Social Gospel movement, which mobilized for a more just social order in Canada, including accessible health care, education, and social services.
The movement has undertaken various projects throughout its history. The SCM was involved in socialist work camps in the 1940s and 1950s in which students would work in unionizing factories during the summer and pool their resources in communal houses of prayer. This was modeled after the Worker-Priest movement in France. Between 2000 and 2002, summer solidarity projects explored sustainable living in rural community. The SCM also runs international solidarity exchanges with more militant SCMs in the Philippines and Nicaragua and annual student educational trips they call pilgrimages.
The pilgrimage model started with a tour of radical labour and faith organizations in southern Ontario and the north-east USA. Today, SCM Canada travels every November to the gates of the US army base at Fort Benning, Georgia, to protest the human rights abuses of the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation (WHINSEC, formerly the School of the Americas).
SCM Canada was investigated by Canadian security services during the Cold War for alleged Communist infiltration because of its positions on economic justice and opposition to nuclear weapons. Some members were linked to the Communist Party of Canada, but the movement denied formal links.
Since the 19 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global%20Information%20Grid | The Global Information Grid (GIG) is a network of information transmission and processing maintained by the United States Department of Defense. More descriptively, it is a worldwide network of information transmission, of associated processes, and of personnel serving to collect, process, safeguard, transmit, and manage this information. It is an all-encompassing communications project of the United States Department of Defense. The GIG makes this immediately available to military personnel, to those responsible for military politics, and for support personnel. It includes all infrastructure, bought or loaned, of communications, electronics, informatics (including software and databases), and security. It is the most visible manifestation of network-centric warfare. It is the combination of technology and human activity that enables warfighters to access information on demand.
It is defined as a "globally interconnected, end-to-end set of information capabilities for collecting, processing, storing, disseminating, and managing information on demand to warfighters, policy makers, and support personnel".
The GIG includes owned and leased communications and computing systems and services, software (including applications), data, security services, other associated services, and National Security Systems. Non-GIG Information Technology (IT) includes stand-alone, self-contained, or embedded IT that is not, and will not be, connected to the enterprise network.
This new definition removes references to the National Security Systems as defined in section 5142 of the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996. Further, this new definition removes the references to the GIG providing capabilities from all operating locations (bases, posts, camps, stations, facilities, mobile platforms, and deployed sites). And lastly, this definition removes the part of the definition that discusses the interfaces to coalition, allied, and non-Department of Defense users and systems.
The DoD's use of the term "GIG" is undergoing changes as the Department deals with new concepts such as Cyberspace Operations, GIG 2.0 (A Joint Staff J6 Initiative), and the Department of Defense Information Enterprise (DIE).
The GIG is managed by a construct known as NetOps. NetOps is defined as the operational framework consisting of three essential tasks, Situational Awareness (SA), and Command & Control (C2) that the Commander (CDR) of United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM), in coordination with DoD and Global NetOps Community, employs to operate and defend the GIG to ensure information superiority.
In the past
The specifications for the GIG were published by the DoD on 22 September 1999, and the assistant secretary of defense officially mandated it on 19 September 2002 to carry out the project. Although in 2008, the ambitious objectives of the program had not been realized, informatic communications between soldiers and commanders on the battlefield had been successfully realized, the mo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackathon | A hackathon (also known as a hack day, hackfest, datathon or codefest; a portmanteau of hacking and marathon) is an event where people engage in rapid and collaborative engineering over a relatively short period of time such as 24 or 48 hours. They are often run using agile software development practices, such as sprint-like design wherein computer programmers and others involved in software development, including graphic designers, interface designers, product managers, project managers, domain experts, and others collaborate intensively on engineering projects, such as software engineering.
The goal of a hackathon is to create functioning software or hardware by the end of the event. Hackathons tend to have a specific focus, which can include the programming language used, the operating system, an application, an API, or the subject and the demographic group of the programmers. In other cases, there is no restriction on the type of software being created or the design of the new system.
Etymology
The word "hackathon" is a portmanteau of the words "hack" and "marathon", where "hack" is used in the sense of exploratory programming, not its alternate meaning as a reference to breaching computer security.
OpenBSD's apparent first use of the term referred to a cryptographic development event held in Calgary on June 4, 1999, where ten developers came together to avoid legal problems caused due to export regulations of cryptographic software from the United States. Since then, a further three to six events per year have occurred around the world to advance development, generally on university campuses.
For Sun Microsystems, the usage referred to an event at the JavaOne conference from June 15 to June 19, 1999; there John Gage challenged attendees to write a program in Java for the new Palm V using the infrared port to communicate with other people who are using Palm and register it on the Internet.
Starting in the mid to late 2000s, hackathons became significantly more widespread and began to be increasingly viewed by companies and venture capitalists as a way to quickly develop new software technologies, and to locate new areas for innovation and funding. Some major companies were born from these hackathons, such as GroupMe, which began as a project at a hackathon at the TechCrunch Disrupt 2010 conference; in 2011 it was acquired by Skype for $85 million. The software PhoneGap began as a project at the iPhoneDevCamp (later renamed iOSDevCamp) in 2008; the company whose engineers developed PhoneGap, Nitobi, refocused itself around PhoneGap, and Nitobi was bought by Adobe in 2011 for an undisclosed amount.
Structure
Hackathons typically start with communication via a presentation or a web page from the hosting organization that mentions the objectives, terms, and details of the hackathon. Developers register to participate in the hackathon and are qualified after the organization screens their background and skills.
When the hackathon event be |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Box%20%28American%20TV%20channel%29 | The Box, originally named the Video Jukebox Network, was an American broadcast, cable and satellite television network that operated from 1985 to 2001. The network focused on music videos, which through a change in format in the early 1990s, were selected by viewer request via telephone; as such, unlike competing networks (such as MTV and VH1), the videos were not broadcast on a set rotation.
The network was distributed on cable and satellite providers, with additional carriage on over-the-air UHF television stations (mainly on low-power outlets); most of these stations, which later became affiliates of MTV2 following the shutdown of The Box's US operations, have since been sold off as of 2012, while Viacom retains ownership of the other remaining former Box affiliates.
The Box's UK Operations remain on the air today, now fully owned by London-based Channel Four Television Corporation, (after Channel 4 bought out their partners in The Box Plus Network, Germany's Bauer Media Group in 2019).
History
The network originally launched as the Video Jukebox Network in 1985; it was founded by Steve Peters, who launched it on a television station in Miami, Florida. It was initially a product of the Miami Music scene, and was hosted by a group of local Miami Bass rappers known as Miami Boyz. Peters formed a record company called Peter's Records from the revenue earned by the Video Jukebox Network. Despite having his foot in the local Miami Bass scene, and employing hip-hop producers from abroad, none of its artists managed to produce a hit record; the label was shut down before Peters sold The Box to a group which included cable operator TCI and Island Records founder Chris Blackwell. In 1990, Les Garland, co-founder of both MTV: Music Television and VH-1 was brought in to run the network. From 1990-97, Garland, as Executive VP played an essential role in the domestic and international launch of the interactive music channel. He was responsible for entertainment programming, promotion, ad sales and marketing, and he oversaw the rollout of the channel from a base of 200,000 homes at its inception to more than 30 million U.S. households and 25 million households internationally after, the service – which eventually adopted the shortened name The Box – began allowing viewers to request videos through a designated telephone number; viewers would be directed to enter a code – which was displayed through an on-screen menu that aired full-screen between videos as well as in a text- and icon-only format on the lower third of the screen during a video broadcast – to request a recent or classic music video to air on the network (this format was reflected in the network's longtime slogan, "Music Television You Control").
At first, all of The Box's request lines used a large block of Miami telephone numbers, and callers were only charged for a long-distance call; however, in order to gain revenue, the network switched to the request line to a 1-900 toll number, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkwell%20%28Macintosh%29 | Inkwell, or simply Ink, is the name of the handwriting recognition technology developed by Apple Inc. and built into the Mac OS X operating system. Introduced in an update to Mac OS X v10.2 "Jaguar", Inkwell can translate English, French, and German writing. The technology made its debut as "Rosetta", an integral feature of Apple Newton OS, the operating system of the short-lived Apple Newton personal digital assistant. Inkwell's inclusion in Mac OS X led many to believe Apple would be using this technology in a new PDA or other portable tablet computer. None of the touchscreen iOS devices – iPhone/iPod/iPad – has offered Inkwell handwriting recognition. However in iPadOS 14 handwriting recognition has been introduced, as a feature called Scribble.
Inkwell, when activated, appears as semi-transparent yellow lined paper, on which the user sees their writing appear. When the user stops writing, their writing is interpreted by Inkwell and pasted into the current application (wherever the active text cursor is), as if the user had simply typed the words. The user can also force Inkwell to not interpret their writing, instead using it to paste a hand-drawn sketch into the active window.
Inkwell was developed by Larry Yaeger, Brandyn Webb, and Richard Lyon.
In macOS 10.14 Mojave, Apple announced that Inkwell will remain 32-bit thus rendering it incompatible with macOS 10.15 Catalina. It was officially discontinued with the release of macOS Catalina on October 7, 2019.
References
External links
InkSpatter, a blog which discusses pros and cons of Inkwell
MacOS user interface
Handwriting recognition |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilcoxon%20signed-rank%20test | The Wilcoxon signed-rank test is a non-parametric statistical hypothesis test used either to test the location of a population based on a sample of data, or to compare the locations of two populations using two matched samples. The one-sample version serves a purpose similar to that of the one-sample Student's t-test. For two matched samples, it is a paired difference test like the paired Student's t-test (also known as the "t-test for matched pairs" or "t-test for dependent samples"). The Wilcoxon test can be a good alternative to the t-test when population means are not of interest; for example, when one wishes to test whether a population's median is nonzero, or whether there is a better than 50% chance that a sample from one population is greater than a sample from another population.
History
The test is named for Frank Wilcoxon (1892–1965) who, in a single paper, proposed both it and the rank-sum test for two independent samples. The test was popularized by Sidney Siegel (1956) in his influential textbook on non-parametric statistics. Siegel used the symbol T for the test statistic, and consequently, the test is sometimes referred to as the Wilcoxon T-test.
Test procedure
There are two variants of the signed-rank test. From a theoretical point of view, the one-sample test is more fundamental because the paired sample test is performed by converting the data to the situation of the one-sample test. However, most practical applications of the signed-rank test arise from paired data.
For a paired sample test, the data consists of samples . Each sample is a pair of measurements. In the simplest case, the measurements are on an interval scale. Then they may be converted to real numbers, and the paired sample test is converted to a one-sample test by replacing each pair of numbers by its difference . In general, it must be possible to rank the differences between the pairs. This requires that the data be on an ordered metric scale, a type of scale that carries more information than an ordinal scale but may have less than an interval scale.
The data for a one-sample test is a set of real number samples . Assume for simplicity that the samples have distinct absolute values and that no sample equals zero. (Zeros and ties introduce several complications; see below.) The test is performed as follows:
Compute .
Sort , and use this sorted list to assign ranks : The rank of the smallest observation is one, the rank of the next smallest is two, and so on.
Let denote the sign function: if and if . The test statistic is the signed-rank sum :
Produce a -value by comparing to its distribution under the null hypothesis.
The ranks are defined so that is the number of for which . Additionally, if is such that , then for all .
The signed-rank sum is closely related to two other test statistics. The positive-rank sum and the negative-rank sum are defined by
Because equals the sum of all the ranks, which is , these three statistics are re |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning%20object%20metadata | Learning Object Metadata is a data model, usually encoded in XML, used to describe a learning object and similar digital resources used to support learning. The purpose of learning object metadata is to support the reusability of learning objects, to aid discoverability, and to facilitate their interoperability, usually in the context of online learning management systems (LMS).
The IEEE 1484.12.1-2020 – Standard for Learning Object Metadata is the latest revision of an internationally recognised open standard (published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Association, New York) under the LTSC sponsorship for the description of “learning objects". Relevant attributes of learning objects to be described include: type of object; author; owner; terms of distribution; format; and pedagogical attributes, such as teaching or interaction style.
IEEE 1484.12.1 – 2002 Standard for Learning Object Metadata
The IEEE working group that developed the standard defined learning objects, for the purposes of the standard, as being "any entity, digital or non-digital, that may be used for learning, education or training." This definition has struck many commentators as being rather broad in its scope, but the definition was intended to provide a broad class of objects to which LOM metadata might usefully be associated rather than to give an instructional or pedagogic definition of a learning object. IEEE 1484.12.1 is the first part of a multipart standard, and describes the LOM data model. The LOM data model specifies which aspects of a learning object should be described and what vocabularies may be used for these descriptions; it also defines how this data model can be amended by additions or constraints. Other parts of the standard are being drafted to define bindings of the LOM data model, i.e. define how LOM records should be represented in XML and RDF (IEEE 1484.12.3 and IEEE 1484.12.4 respectively). This article focuses on the LOM data model rather than issues relating to XML or other bindings.
IMS Global Learning Consortium is an international consortium that contributed to the drafting of the IEEE Learning Object Metadata (together with the ARIADNE Foundation) and endorsed early drafts of the data model as part of the IMS Learning Resource Meta-data specification (IMS LRM, versions 1.0 – 1.2.2). Feedback and suggestions from the implementers of IMS LRM fed into the further development of the LOM, resulting in some drift between version 1.2 of the IMS LRM specification and what was finally published at the LOM standard. Version 1.3 of the IMS LRM specification realigns the IMS LRM data model with the IEEE LOM data model and specifies that the IEEE XML binding should be used. Thus, we can now use the term 'LOM' in referring to both the IEEE standard and version 1.3 of the IMS specification. The IMS LRM specification also provides an extensive Best Practice and Implementation Guide, and an XSL transform that can be used to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphon%20Filter%3A%20The%20Omega%20Strain | Syphon Filter: The Omega Strain is a third-person shooter video game developed by Bend Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 2. It is the fourth installment in the Syphon Filter franchise and a sequel to 2001's Syphon Filter 3.
Gameplay
The gameplay is a departure from the previous games. Rather than playing as Gabe Logan, the player is given the role of a new recruit working for Gabe's secret anti-terrorist organization, the IPCA Players are able to create an original agent using a character customization system. Each mission allows players to select weapons from an overwhelming abundance, including assault rifles, carbines, machine guns, knives, grenades and more.
Four bonus missions can be unlocked, with each allowing players to take on a certain character. Players cannot choose specific weapons in each bonus mission, and must complete every mission using a fixed weapon set that the game designates. As per the convention of previous games, failing an objective or dying in any bonus mission will cause it to restart.
The game is nonlinear, where players are given choices to take on certain tasks, or avoid them altogether. Role-playing elements are added so that players can create characters, level up their ranks, and unlock new weapons. Enemies spawn on a seemingly indefinite basis so that players can never clear an area.
Plot
Following the destruction of the original Syphon Filter virus, Gabriel Logan repurposes the agency as the International Presidential Consulting Agency, serving as a counter-terrorism unit. As Commander-in-Chief, Logan has Lian Xing, Teresa Lipan, Lawrence Mujari, and Dr. Elsa Weissenger serve as his officers.
An Agency team headed by Imani Gray is deployed to a besieged city in Michigan in order to rescue Mujari, who disappeared while investigating Dr. Richard Broussard's ties with the Anarchiste Liberation Army. Imani and her team successfully rescue Mujari, and assassinate the ALA leadership then prepare for their next assignment.
Meanwhile, IPCA commander Gary Stoneman assassinates Italian mafia leader Dimitri Alexopoulous to prevent his acquisition of the Omega Strain in Italy. The team follows Stone to Belarus and tracks a shipment of infected cattle to Ivankov's residence. They discover that his courier Yuschenko is selling the Omega Strain, and Agency pilot Alima Haddad is captured by the Chechens during the operation, leading Stone to assume she is dead.
During the Belarus operation, Lian is deployed to Kyrgyzstan in order to eliminate an arms deal involving a local warlord and the North Koreans.
Gabe reluctantly enlists help from Mossad agent Ehud Ben Zohar upon determining Yuschenko's plans to sell the virus to Fatha Al-Hassan, a Yemeni leader. Zohar only cares about stopping Al-Hassan's network, so he steals the viral canister after the Agency retrieves it from Yuschenko. Zohar and the team enter Al-Hassan's palace disguised as the dead Chechens in order to assassinate h |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent%20Hill%202 | is a 2001 survival horror game developed by Team Silent, a group in Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo, and published by Konami. The game was released from September to November, originally for the PlayStation 2. The second installment in the Silent Hill series, Silent Hill 2 centres on James Sunderland, a widower who journeys to the town of Silent Hill after receiving a letter from his dead wife informing him that she is waiting there for him. An extended version containing an extra bonus scenario, Born from a Wish, and other additions was published for Xbox in December of the same year. In 2002, it was ported to Microsoft Windows and re-released for the PlayStation 2 as a Greatest Hits version, which includes all bonus content from the Xbox port. A remastered high-definition version was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in 2012 as part of the Silent Hill HD Collection.
Development of Silent Hill 2 began in June 1999, soon after Silent Hill had been completed. Its narrative was inspired by the Russian novel Crime and Punishment (1866) by Fyodor Dostoevsky, and some of the influences on the game's artistic style include the work of film directors David Lynch and Adrian Lyne (specifically Jacob's Ladder), and paintings by Francis Bacon and Andrew Wyeth; cultural references to history, films and literature can be found in the game. In contrast with the previous title, whose narrative concerned cult activity, Silent Hill 2 focuses directly on the psychology of its characters.
Silent Hill 2 received critical acclaim. Within the month of its release in North America, Japan, and Europe, over one million copies were sold, with the greatest number of sales in North America. During release, it was widely praised for its psychological horror story, use of symbolism and taboo topics, overall atmosphere, graphics, monster designs, soundtrack and sound design. It is considered to be one of the greatest horror games ever made and among the greatest games of all time, as well as a key example of video games as an art form. The game was followed by Silent Hill 3 in 2003. A remake was announced in October 2022.
Gameplay
The objective of Silent Hill 2 is to guide the player character, James Sunderland, through the monster-filled town of Silent Hill as he searches for his deceased wife. The game features a third-person view, with various camera angles. The default control for Silent Hill 2 has James moving in the direction that he is facing when the player tilts the analogue stick upwards. Silent Hill 2 does not use a heads-up display; to check James' health, location, and items, the player must enter the pause-game menu to review his status. Throughout the game, James collects maps, which can only be read if there is sufficient light or when his flashlight is on. He also updates relevant maps to reflect locked doors, clues, and obstructions, and writes down the content of all documents for future reference.
Much of the gameplay consists of navigati |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DCR | DCR may refer to:
Computing
.dcr, a raw image format
Decision Composite Residuosity in cryptography, see Computational hardness assumption
Design Change request, also Document Change request and Database Change request
Device control register, a hardware register that controls some computer hardware device like a peripheral or an expansion card
Railways
DCRail, a British freight operating company
Delmarva Central Railroad, a short-line railroad serving Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia on the Delmarva Peninsula
Dubois County Railroad, a Class III short-line railroad serving Dubois County in southern Indiana, United States
Engineering
DC Resistance of an inductor, see Equivalent series resistance
Direct-conversion receiver
Dynamic compression ratio, referring to the compression ratio of a combustion engine
Other
Dacryocystorhinostomy, a surgical procedure to restore the flow of tears into the nose
Dale Coyne Racing, an American auto racing team
Debt Coverage Ratio, another term for Debt service coverage ratio (DSCR)
Digital cable ready, indicating that a television is capable of receiving cable TV without a set-top box
Deglaciation Climate Reversal, see Younger Dryas
Department of Conservation and Recreation (Massachusetts), a state agency best known for its parks and parkways
Diploma of the College of Radiographers, abbreviated as DC(R), a qualification that was formerly awarded by the College of Radiographers, see Society and College of Radiographers
Distributed Constraint Reasoning, see Distributed constraint optimization
Division CuiRassée, a French armoured division in the Battle of France in 1940, see List of French divisions in World War II#Cavalry, mechanized and armoured divisions
Dropped Call Rate, a term in telecommunications denoting the percentage of calls which due to technical reasons were cut off before the speaking parties had finished their conversation and before one of them had hung up
Dual Cycle Rifle, a NATO calibre revolver-type assault rifle
Durham College Rowing, an organization representing all college boat clubs in Durham University
Dynamic contrast ratio, referring to the contrast ratio property of a display system
ISO 639-3 code for the extinct language Negerhollands. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five%20O%27Clock%20Shadow | Five O'Clock Shadow is an a cappella group from Boston, Massachusetts, that has been in existence since 1991. The band has performed on FOX News, A&E Network, ABC, ESPN and VH-1's "breakthrough" series. They have released four cassettes and six CDs, winning many Contemporary A Cappella Recording Awards.
The group has toured with many famous acts including The Boston Pops, Aaron Neville, Edwin McCain, Patti LaBelle, Kool and the Gang, Blessed Union of Souls and James Brown.
Current members
Dan Lennon - tenor (1995–present)
Paul Pampinella - baritone (1998–present)
Caleb Whelden - tenor (2003–present)
Judd Tomaselli - bass (2012–present)
Scott Cobban - vocal percussion/beatbox, baritone (2012–present)
Jon Lavalley - tenor (2022–present)
Former members
Former members include
Jim Meyers - tenor, founder (1991-1992)
Bill Eddy - tenor (1991-2000)
Jeff Thacher - tenor/vocal percussion (1991-1993), currently with the vocal band Rockapella
Warren Tessier - baritone (1991-1997)
Terry Sanger - bass (1991-1993)
Dave Harrison - baritone/vocal banjo (1993-1997)
Mike Mendyke - bass (1993-1998), currently with the vocal band Dick Van Dyke and The Vantastix
Wes Carroll - tenor/vocal percussion (1993-1997)
Scott Harris - baritone (1997)
Mike Barnicle - tenor (2001-2003)
Steve Roslonek - tenor (1997-1998), currently performs children's music as SteveSongs
Roopak Ahuja - tenor (2000-2001), currently with the vocal band MO5AIC
Samrat Chakrabarti - vocal percussion (1997-1998)
David "Stack" Stackhouse - vocal percussion & vocal bass ("beatbass") (1998-2012)
Oren Malka - tenor (1997-2021)
Member Timeline
Discography
External links
Five O'Clock Shadow website
American vocal groups
Musical groups established in 1991
1991 establishments in Massachusetts |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20route%20E5 | The European route E5 is part of the United Nations international E-road network. It is the westernmost north–south "reference road", running from Greenock in Scotland, south through Great Britain and France to Algeciras, Spain. The route is long.
The E5 follows the route Greenock – Glasgow – Gretna – Carlisle – Penrith – Preston – Warrington – Birmingham – Oxford – Newbury – Southampton ... Le Havre – Paris – Orléans – Tours – Poitiers – Bordeaux – San Sebastián – Burgos – Madrid – Córdoba – Seville – Cádiz – Algeciras.
United Kingdom
Although the United Kingdom Government participates fully in activities concerning the E-routes, E-routes are not signposted within the United Kingdom. Hence the first 724 km of the route is not signed.
The E5 has a gap at the English Channel between Southampton and Le Havre, France. There is no direct ferry link, but a ferry from nearby Portsmouth, along the M27, connects to Le Havre.
France
The E5 arrives from the non-existing ferry from Southampton in Le Havre. It passes the capital Paris, before continuing southwest passed Orléans, Tours and Bordeaux. It ends at the border town of Hendaye with Spain. It covers a distance of 985 km (612 mi).
Spain
The E5 crosses the French border at Irun, it passes the major cities of San Sebastián, Vitoria-Gasteiz and Burgos before it arrives at the nation's capital Madrid. It continues south of Madrid towards Andalusia, passing Córdoba, Seville, Jerez de la Frontera and Cádiz to end at the port city of Algeciras.
Route
: Greenock –
: – Glasgow (Interchange with ()
: Glasgow – Anglo-Scottish border (Start of multiplex with at )
: Anglo-Scottish border – Cannock (End of multiplex with at Carlisle, interchange with and multiplex with at Warrington)
: Cannock – OR : Birmingham Northern Relief Road (Whole length) (Interchange with )
: Birmingham
: Birmingham – Oxford
: Oxford – Winchester (Interchange with at Newbury)
: Winchester – Southampton
: Southampton — Portsmouth
: Portsmouth — Ferry Terminal
Gap (English Channel)
Portsmouth – Le Havre
: Le Havre
: Le Havre () – Tancarville
: Tancarville
: Tancarville – Bourneville ()
: Bourneville (Start of Concurrency with ) – Rouen (End of Concurrency with ) – Paris
Boulevard Périphérique: Paris ( , Towards )
: Paris () – Massy ( )
: Massy ( ) – Ablis () – Orléans (, Start of Concurrency with ) – Tours ( , End of Concurrency with ) – Poitiers () – Niort () – Saintes ( ) – Bordeaux
: Bordeaux (Start of Concurrency with )
: Bordeaux ()
: Bordeaux – Bayonne (Start of Concurrency with ) – Hendaye
: Irún – Donostia/S. Sebastián – Eibar (End of Concurrency with ) –
: Eibar () – Miranda de Ebro () – Burgos
: Burgos (End of Concurrency with ) – Madrid
: Madrid ()
: Madrid () – Manzanares () – Bailén () – Córdoba – Sevilla (, Towards )
Seville - Jerez de la Frontera - Cádiz
Cádiz - Vejer de la Frontera
Vejer de la Frontera - Tarifa - Algeciras ()
References
External links
UN Economic Commission for Europe: Ov |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bart%20of%20War | "The Bart of War" is the twenty-first and penultimate episode of the fourteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 18, 2003. In the episode, Bart and Milhouse badly damage Ned Flanders' collection of Beatles memorabilia. Under adult supervision, they are then placed in separate youth groups, but the groups go to war.
Plot
Marge disapproves of Bart and Milhouse watching South Park, so she unsuccessfully tries to get them to watch Good Heavens on PAX. The boys soon find themselves outside the house and bored, and decide to tie a thread to a fly. When the fly enters the Flanders house and is eaten by a cat, Bart and Milhouse find themselves inside the home, unsupervised. They take the opportunity to cause mischief, and discover Ned's collection of Beatles memorabilia in the basement. They drink from cans of a 40-year-old novelty beverage and start to hallucinate, with Bart seeing Milhouse as John Lennon through various stages of his life. When Ned, Rod and Todd return home and discover the damage caused by Bart and Milhouse, they flee to their panic room and call the police. Chief Wiggum and his crew subsequently catch the boys in the basement, and call their parents. They decide that Bart and Milhouse should spend all their time under parental supervision. Bart is also forbidden from playing with Milhouse, who Marge believes incites Bart into his bad behavior.
Marge subsequently establishes a peer group based on Native American life, called the "Pre-Teen Braves" — composed of Bart, Ralph Wiggum, Nelson Muntz, and Database, with herself as tribe leader after Homer fails in his leadership skills. Later, when Marge takes the boys on a nature walk, they meet a Mohican man who shows them a field that is in need of cleaning up. The Pre-Teen Braves agree to the job, but discover that it has already been cleaned by another peer group, the "Cavalry Kids" — led by Milhouse's father, Kirk Van Houten, composed of Milhouse, Martin Prince, Jimbo Jones, and a nerd named Cosine. The two groups try to outdo each other in doing good; for example, when the Cavalry Kids bulldoze the house of the homeless from the Pre-Teen Braves and post a pre-fabricated in place, the Pre-Teen Braves retaliate by setting it on fire with arrows. When the Cavalry Kids sell candy in the hope of becoming batboys at a Springfield Isotopes game, the Pre-Teen Braves try to thwart them by lacing their candy with laxatives. Unfortunately for them, the senior citizens, in need of relief from constipation, buy the Cavalry Kids a win.
At the Isotopes game, in another attempt to defeat the Cavalry Kids, Bart and Homer divert them away from the stadium with a fake "free VIP parking" sign, and the Pre-Teen Braves then disguise themselves as their enemies before singing their own version of "The Star-Spangled Banner". The crowd becomes angered by this, and when the real Cavalry Kids arrive, a fight breaks ou |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet%20Explorer%206 | Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 (IE6) is a graphical web browser developed by Microsoft for Windows operating systems. Released on August 24, 2001, it is the sixth, and by now discontinued, version of Internet Explorer and the successor to Internet Explorer 5. It was the default browser in Windows XP (later default was Internet Explorer 8) and Windows Server 2003 and can replace previous versions of Internet Explorer on Windows NT 4.0, Windows 98, Windows 2000 and Windows ME but unlike version 5, this version does not support Windows 95 or earlier versions. IE6 SP2+ and IE7 were only included in (IE6 SP2+) or available (IE7) for Windows XP SP2+.
Despite dominating market share (attaining a peak of 90% in mid-2004), this version of Internet Explorer has been widely criticized for its security issues and lack of support for modern web standards, making frequent appearances in "worst tech products of all time" lists, with PC World labeling it "the least secure software on the planet." In 2004, Mozilla finalized Firefox to rival IE6, and it became highly popular and acclaimed for its security, add-ons, speed and other modern features such as tabbed browsing. Microsoft planned to fix these issues in Internet Explorer 7 by June–August 2005, but it was delayed until an October 2006 release, over 5 years after IE6 debuted.
Because a substantial percentage of the web audience still used the outdated browser (especially in China), campaigns were established in the late 2000s to encourage users to upgrade to newer versions of Internet Explorer or switch to different browsers. Some websites dropped support for IE6 entirely, most notable of which was Google dropping support in some of its services in March 2010. According to Microsoft's modern.ie website, , 3.1% of users in China and less than 1% in other countries were using IE6.
Internet Explorer 6 was the last version to be called Microsoft Internet Explorer. The software was rebranded as Windows Internet Explorer starting in 2006 with the release of Internet Explorer 7.
Internet Explorer 6 is no longer supported, and is not available for download from Microsoft.
It is the last version of Internet Explorer to support Windows NT 4.0 SP6a, Windows 98, Windows 2000 and Windows ME, though it is only available as pre-installed in Windows XP RTM—SP1 and Windows Server 2003 RTM; as the following version, Internet Explorer 7, only supports Windows XP SP2 or later and Windows Server 2003 SP1 or later.
Overview
When IE6 was released, it included a number of enhancements over its predecessor, Internet Explorer 5. It and its browser engine MSHTML (Trident) are required for many programs including Microsoft Encarta. IE6 improved support for Cascading Style Sheets, adding a number of properties that previously had not been implemented and fixing bugs such as the Internet Explorer box model bug. In Windows XP, IE6 introduced a redesigned interface based on the operating system's default theme, Luna.
In addition, I |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guns%20N%27%20Roses%20%28pinball%29 | Guns N' Roses is a 1994 pinball machine made by Data East featuring the hard rock group Guns N' Roses. In 2020, Jersey Jack Pinball produced a new pinball machine: Guns N' Roses: Not in This Lifetime.
Original Data East gameplay
The artwork features photos by Robert John from his book Guns N' Roses: The Photographic History. This game is a widebody pinball game with several unique twists. Among them, is an old fashioned revolver, which players use to start the game as opposed to the typical plunger. When a quarter is inserted, the band's famous "Welcome to the Jungle" song (recorded from a concert) plays. Also included on the soundtrack is the Use Your Illusion outtake "Ain't Going Down", which is the only official release of the song. The backdrop is illuminated with lights in the shape of the famous Guns N' Roses seal, and Axl Rose's tattoos, featured in the Appetite for Destruction album artwork. The multi-ball can be activated when the yellow light is lit on the G ramp, this will open a trap door and send the ball into the snake pit (if the ball is shot up the ramp which is a hard shot), pulling the rose plunger will then activate the multi-ball. An "R" ramp is also featured completing the "GN'R" logo. The gameplay is a mode-based game like that of The Addams Family, Jurassic Park, or Tommy. The machine also uses magnets to fling balls around unpredictably, a feature that was used previously on The Addams Family, and a video mode for extra points.
Lawsuit
Former Guns N' Roses guitarist Gilby Clarke sued the band over the use of his likeness in the game, as he had been a member of the band when the machine was under production but was out by the time it was released.
References
External links
(Data East Version)
(JJP Guns N' Roses Not In This Lifetime (Collector's Edition)
(JJP Guns N' Roses Not In This Lifetime (Limited Edition)
(JJP Guns N' Roses Not In This Lifetime (Team Edition)
Pinpedia entry for Guns N' Roses
The GameRoom Blog: Curtis the Cougar, Axl, Slash and Me -- Insights into the Making of a Classic Rock & Roll Pinball Machine
1994 pinball machines
Data East pinball machines
Guns N' Roses |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20DeMarco | Tom DeMarco (born August 20, 1940) is an American software engineer, author, and consultant on software engineering topics. He was an early developer of structured analysis in the 1970s.
Early life and education
Tom DeMarco was born in Hazleton, Pennsylvania. He received a BSEE degree in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University, a M.S. from Columbia University, and a diplôme from the University of Paris.
Career
DeMarco started working at Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1963, where he participated in ESS-1 project to develop the first large scale Electronic Switching System, which became installed in telephone offices all over the world. Later in the 1960s he started working for a French IT consulting firm, where he worked on the development of a conveyor system for the new merchandise mart at La Villette in Paris, and in the 1970s on the development of on-line banking systems in Sweden, Holland, France and New York.
In the 1970s DeMarco was one of the major figures in the development of structured analysis and structured design in software engineering. In January 1978 he published Structured Analysis and System Specification, a major milestone in the field.
In the 1980s with Tim Lister, Stephen McMenamin, John F. Palmer, James Robertson and Suzanne Robertson, he founded the consulting firm "The Atlantic Systems Guild" in New York.
The firm initially shared offices with the Dorset House Publishing owned by Wendy Eachan, Tim Lister's wife. Their company developed into a New York- and London-based consulting company specializing in methods and management of software development.
DeMarco has lectured and consulted throughout the Americas, Europe, Africa, Australia and the Far East. He has also been a technical advisor for ZeniMax Media, the parent company of video game publisher Bethesda Softworks.
He is a member of the ACM and a Fellow of the IEEE. He lives in Camden, Maine, and is a principal of the Atlantic Systems Guild, and a fellow and Senior Consultant of the Cutter Consortium. DeMarco was the 1986 recipient of the Warnier Prize for "lifetime contribution to the field of computing", and the 1999 recipient of the Stevens Award for "contribution to the methods of software development".
Personal life
In his spare time, DeMarco is an emergency medical technician, certified by his home state and by the National Registry of EMTs. He is also founding member of the Penobscot Compact, operating under the auspices of the Maine State Aspirations Program, in which local employers contribute the paid time of their employees to tutor students in the public schools.
Publications
DeMarco has authored over nine books and 100 papers on project management and software development. A selection:
1978. Structured Analysis and System Specification. Yourdon,
1979. Concise Notes on Software Engineering. Yourdon,
1986. Controlling Software Projects: Management, Measurement, and Estimates. Prentice Hall,
1987. Peopleware: Productive Projects and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario%20Jeckle | Mario Jeckle (25 August 1974 – 11 June 2004) was a German computer scientist.
From 1997 to 2003, Jeckle attended the University of Applied Sciences in Augsburg. In 1998, he received his computer science degree for his thesis "Prozeßkettenmodellierung am Beispiel der Gießwerkzeugentwicklung und prototypische Implementierung auf Basis des EDM/PDM – Systems Metaphase" (An example of process chain modelling in casting tool development and prototype implementation on basis of the EDM/PDM – Systems Metaphase). At Augsburg, he taught Java, Java Threads, XML and software engineering.
In 2003, Jeckle became a professor at the University of Applied Sciences in Furtwangen im Schwarzwald. He taught about XML, databases, software engineering and eBusiness.
Jeckle was also a W3C and OMG representative of DaimlerChrysler Research and developed technical standards for XML, UML 2.0, and others. At the beginning of 2004, he was a member of the Technical Architecture Group of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Jeckle was also an author of books and a speaker at conferences and seminars (information groups).
Jeckle was a member of the International Red Cross. On 11 June 2004, he died while giving aid to others who had a car accident on a German highway. While helping, Jeckle and a second man were hit by another driver who lost control. Tim Berners-Lee, whom Jeckle had previously collaborated with, spoke on his death, "Mario's involvement in the World Wide Web Consortium is a symbol of collaboration: with his time and talent, he has helped create a space that can be shared by people; that brings you together to learn, develop and gain new knowledge together. He helped more and more talented and creative people develop for the web. The election to the Technical Architecture Group by the W3C members was a recognition of achievements made and those expected. Mario has undertaken the difficult task of gaining a foothold in an established group with energy and enthusiasm."
References
External links
Mario Jeckle website
Informatikpreis 1998
Tim Berners-Lee on the death of Mario Jeckle (W3C)
1974 births
2004 deaths
German computer scientists
Road incident deaths in Germany |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B/CLI | C++/CLI is a variant of the C++ programming language, modified for Common Language Infrastructure. It has been part of Visual Studio 2005 and later, and provides interoperability with other .NET languages such as C#. Microsoft created C++/CLI to supersede Managed Extensions for C++. In December 2005, Ecma International published C++/CLI specifications as the ECMA-372 standard.
Syntax changes
C++/CLI should be thought of as a language of its own (with a new set of keywords, for example), instead of the C++ superset-oriented Managed C++ (MC++) (whose non-standard keywords were styled like or ). Because of this, there are some major syntactic changes, especially related to the elimination of ambiguous identifiers and the addition of .NET-specific features.
Many conflicting syntaxes, such as the multiple versions of operator in MC++, have been split: in C++/CLI, .NET reference types are created with the new keyword (i.e. garbage collected new()). Also, C++/CLI has introduced the concept of generics from .NET (similar, for the most common purposes, to standard C++ templates, but quite different in their implementation).
Handles
In MC++, there were two different types of pointers: pointers were normal C++ pointers, while pointers worked on .NET reference types. In C++/CLI, however, the only type of pointer is the normal C++ pointer, while the .NET reference types are accessed through a "handle", with the new syntax (instead of ). This new construct is especially helpful when managed and standard C++ code is mixed; it clarifies which objects are under .NET automatic garbage collection and which objects the programmer must remember to explicitly destroy.
Tracking references
A tracking reference in C++/CLI is a handle of a passed-by-reference variable. It is similar in concept to using "" (reference to a pointer) in standard C++, and (in function declarations) corresponds to the "" keyword applied to types in C#, or "" in Visual Basic .NET. C++/CLI uses a "" syntax to indicate a tracking reference to a handle.
The following code shows an example of the use of tracking references. Replacing the tracking reference with a regular handle variable would leave the resulting string array with 10 uninitialized string handles, as only copies of the string handles in the array would be set, due to them being passed by value rather than by reference.
int main()
{
array<String^> ^arr = gcnew array<String^>(10);
int i = 0;
for each(String^% s in arr) {
s = i++.ToString();
}
return 0;
}
Note that this would be illegal in C#, which does not allow loops to pass values by reference. Hence, a workaround would be required.
Finalizers and automatic variables
Another change in C++/CLI is the introduction of the finalizer syntax , a special type of nondeterministic destructor that is run as a part of the garbage collection routine. The C++ destructor syntax also exists for managed objects, and better reflects the "traditional" C++ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20transport%20in%20Istanbul | Public transport in Istanbul comprises a bus network, various rail systems, funiculars, and maritime services to serve the more than 15 million inhabitants of the city spread over an area of 5712 km2.
History
Public road transport in Istanbul dates back to 30 August 1869, when a contract to build a tram system in the capital of the Ottoman Empire was signed. With this agreement, Konstantin Krepano Efendi's "Société des Tramways de Constantinople" obtained the concession to operate public transportation for forty years. The inauguration of four lines of horse-driven trams was in 1871. In the first year, the horsecars transported 4.5 million people on the lines Azapkapı-Galata, Aksaray-Yedikule, Aksaray-Topkapı and Eminönü-Aksaray. More lines were added in the following years. 430 horses were used to draw the 45 carriages, including 15 summer-type and some double-deckers, on track. In 1912, the horse-drawn tram had to cease to operate for one year because the Ministry of Defence sent all the horses to the front during the Balkan War.
The tram network was electrified by overhead contact wire on 2 February 1914. The tram began to run on the Anatolian part of Istanbul on 8 June 1928 between Üsküdar and Kısıklı. By the 1950s, the length of the tram lines reached . The trams were on service on the European side of the city until 12 August 1961 and on the Asian side until 14 November 1966.
The same time as the horsecar started to run, construction of the Tünel, a short funicular between Pera and Galata, began on 30 July 1871. The funicular opened to service on 5 December 1874, the second oldest subway in the world after the London Underground. In the beginning, only freight and livestock were transported. On 17 January 1875, after completing the test runs, the funicular was opened to the public. It is still in service.
A commuter rail line was built on the European side of the city from Sirkeci to Hadımköy in 1872, which was followed in 1873 on the Anatolian part from Haydarpaşa Terminal to İzmit.
The ferry is one of the oldest means of transit in İstanbul, a city with two parts separated by the Bosphorus strait and surrounded by sea. In 1837, British and Russian owned boats started transport on the Bosphorus. The İstanbul Maritime Company was established in 1851 by a decree of Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid I. The ferry service began in 1853 with six paddle steamers built in the Robert White shipyard in England. The service was extended in 1859 to places around Golden Horn. After 1903 screw-driven steamboats were put in service. Until 1929 boats were imported; later on the ferries were built in the shipyards in Golden Horn. At its peak the fleet contained 40 boats. In 1867, the same company started vehicle transport across the Boğaziçi (Bosphorus) between Kabataş and Üsküdar with two ferries purchased from England, as the first scheduled ferry lines in the world. All ferry companies were nationalized in 1945.
Bus transportation in İstanbul started in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/App | App, Apps or APP may refer to:
Computing
Application software
Mobile app, software designed to run on smartphones and other mobile devices
Web application or web app, software designed to run inside a web browser
App (file format), a file format used by HarmonyOS as an app package
Adjusted Peak Performance, a metric to measure computing performance in 64-bit processors and above
Application Portability Profile, NIST standards and specifications for the Open System Environment
Atom Publishing Protocol, simple HTTP-based protocol for creating and updating web resources
Education
Advanced Placement Program, a program offering college-level curriculum and examinations to high school students
Appalachian State University, a university in Boone, North Carolina, US
Appalachian State Mountaineers, the university's athletic program
Assessing Pupils' Progress, an assessment methodology used in schools in England and Wales
Entertainment and media
APP (film), a 2013 Dutch film that utilizes second screen technology
Apps (film), a 2021 anthology horror fantasy film
The App, a 2019 Italian drama
Asbury Park Press, a newspaper of Monmouth County, New Jersey, US
Associated Press of Pakistan, news agency of Pakistan
Archive of Public Protests (), a collective of photographers and writers and their work documenting protests in Poland
Medicine
Acute-phase protein, a class of proteins whose concentration changes in response to inflammation
Advanced practice provider, or mid-level practitioner, a class of healthcare providers
Amyloid-beta precursor protein, a protein whose fragments are associated with Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders
Organizations
African Prisons Project, a UK-based NGO
Alberta Provincial Police, a Canadian police force from 1917 to 1932
American Principles Project, a libertarian and conservative political think tank
Asia-Pacific Partnership, an international environmental protection alliance
Asia Pulp & Paper, a pulp and paper company based in Jakarta, Indonesia
Associated Press of Pakistan, a national news agency of Pakistan
Association of Pickleball Professionals
Association of Professional Piercers, an international organization for body piercing
Politics
All People's Party (disambiguation), various political parties
or People's Progressive Alliance, a party in Mauritania
Animal Protection Party, United Kingdom
Australian Protectionist Party
Austrian People's Party
Aggrupation of Parties for Prosperity, a local Philippine party
Alliance for the Homeland, a Romanian party
American Principles Project, a libertarian conservative think-tank
Reason Party (Poland) (or Anticlerical Progress Party)
People
App (surname)
Apps (surname)
Train stations
Appleby railway station, England (by GBR code)
Appleton, Wisconsin, United States (by Amtrak station code)
Other uses
Atactic polypropylene, a hot-melt adhesive
Authorized push payment fraud (APP fraud), fraudulent diversion of funds
A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanguard%20%28microkernel%29 | Vanguard is a discontinued experimental microkernel developed at Apple Computer, in the research-oriented Apple Advanced Technology Group (ATG) in the early 1990s. Based on the V-System, Vanguard introduced standardized object identifiers and a unique message chaining system for improved performance. Vanguard was not used in any of Apple's commercial products. Development ended in 1993 when Ross Finlayson, the project's main investigator, left Apple.
Basic concepts
Vanguard was generally very similar to the V-System, but added support for true object-oriented programming of the operating system. This meant that kernel and server interfaces were exported as objects, which could be inherited and extended in new code. This change has no visible effect on the system, it is mainly a change in the source code that makes programming easier.
For example, Vanguard had an input/output (I/O) class which was supported by several different servers, for example, networking and file servers, which new applications could interact with by importing the I/O interface and calling methods. This also made writing new servers much easier, because they had a standard to program to, and were able to share code more easily.
V messaging semantics
A key concept to almost all microkernels is to break down one larger kernel into a set of communicating servers. Instead of having one larger program controlling all of the hardware of a computer system, the various duties are apportioned among smaller programs that are given rights to control different parts of the machine. For example, one server can be given control of the networking hardware, while another has the task of managing the hard disk drives. Another server would handle the file system, calling both of these lower-level servers. User applications ask for services by sending messages to these servers, using some form of inter-process communications (IPC), in contrast to asking the kernel to do this work via a system call (syscall) or trap.
Under V the IPC system appears to be conceptually modeled on remote procedure calls (RPC) from the client application's perspective. The client imported an interface definition file containing information about the calls supported by the kernel, or other applications, and then used this definition to package up requests. When called, the kernel would immediately take over, examine the results, and pass the information off to the right handler, potentially within the kernel. Any results were then handed back through the kernel to the client.
In general terms, the operation of the system as it appears to the client application is very similar to working with a normal monolithic kernel. Although the results passed back might come from a third party handler, this was essentially invisible to the client. Servers handling these requests operated in a similar fashion to the clients, opening connections with the kernel to pass data. However, servers generally spawned new threads as re |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huxley%20%28video%20game%29 | Huxley () was a multiplayer first-person shooter computer game with persistent player characters published by Webzen Games Inc. It was being developed for Microsoft Windows. An Xbox 360 port was planned, but it has been put on an indefinite hold. Huxley initially was going to be cross platform, but according to statements made at the 2009 E3 Expo press conference that feature is currently excluded from development. The contract to operate the game in China was sold to The9 for $35 million USD on February 12, 2007, considered the largest export transaction to date for a Korean-developed game.
A trailer for the game was released in 2007 as a special DVD used to demonstrate LG LCD TVs.
In June 2009 NHN USA released the first English Closed Beta Test via its free games portal ijji.com. The initial test had a small number of users and was carried out over a space of two weeks. Keys for the test were made available through ijji (Globally) and FilePlanet (USA and Canada).
The second Closed Beta Test was initiated in late-July 2009 and lasted until August 12. The second test allowed many more players to test the game. During the last two days of the test a high-volume stress test was carried out on to the servers where everyone with an ijji account was permitted to play the game during test hours.
In April 2010 Huxley was integrated with Hangame game portal and went into open beta on May 3.
In August 2010 an official message was posted on the North American Huxley forums at IJJI. Huxley for the North American region will now be self hosted by Webzen.
On December 30, 2010, the Korean service for Huxley was discontinued.
Plot
In the near future, Nuclearites bombarded the world. Destructive earthquakes, massive tsunami and dramatic climate changes wreak havoc around the globe, isolating continents and driving the human race into chaos. Those who survive the destruction dream of tranquillity, but an eruption among the human race and the appearance of horrible mutants drives the world into further disorder. Racism and oppression cause rebellious uprisings and war that divide the landscape between two powers: Sapiens and Alternative. At the heart of the war emerges a powerful energy source called the Lunarites. The Lunarites were created by Huxley, a scientist and possible saviour.
Both factions seek glory and victory, fighting mercilessly for the Lunarites and their very existence.
The story was thought to be based on the novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, hence the name, however Webzen has stated there are no tie-ins to the book's story saying it was just an inspiration.
The game's visual style is reminiscent of the StarCraft series of games, which are extremely popular in South Korea (where the developer is based).
Gameplay
The speed and style of Huxley is fast-paced and team oriented, combining gameplay from twitch shooters such as Unreal Tournament with the character advancement and large worlds seen in MMORPG's like World of Warcraft. In |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Location%20transparency | In computer networks, location transparency is the use of names to identify network resources, rather than their actual location. For example, files are accessed by a unique file name, but the actual data is stored in physical sectors scattered around a disk in either the local computer or in a network. In a location transparency system, the actual location where the file is stored doesn't matter to the user. A distributed system will need to employ a networked scheme for naming resources.
The main benefit of location transparency is that it no longer matters where the resource is located. Depending on how the network is set, the user may be able to obtain files that reside on another computer connected to the particular network. This means that the location of a resource doesn't matter to either the software developers or the end-users. This creates the illusion that the entire system is located in a single computer, which greatly simplifies software development.
An additional benefit is the flexibility it provides. Systems resources can be moved to a different computer at any time without disrupting any software systems running on them. By simply updating the location that goes with the named resource, every program using that resource will be able to find it. Location transparency effectively makes the location easy to use for users, since the data can be accessed by almost everyone who can connect to the Internet, who knows the right file names for usage, and who has proper security credentials to access it.
See also
Transparency (computing)
References
Computer networking |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/View%20%28SQL%29 | In a database, a view is the result set of a stored query, which can be queried in the same manner as a persistent database collection object. This pre-established query command is kept in the data dictionary. Unlike ordinary base tables in a relational database, a view does not form part of the physical schema: as a result set, it is a virtual table computed or collated dynamically from data in the database when access to that view is requested. Changes applied to the data in a relevant underlying table are reflected in the data shown in subsequent invocations of the view.
Views can provide advantages over tables:
Views can represent a subset of the data contained in a table. Consequently, a view can limit the degree of exposure of the underlying tables to the outer world: a given user may have permission to query the view, while denied access to the rest of the base table.
Views can join and simplify multiple tables into a single virtual table.
Views can act as aggregated tables, where the database engine aggregates data (sum, average, etc.) and presents the calculated results as part of the data.
Views can hide the complexity of data. For example, a view could appear as Sales2000 or Sales2001, transparently partitioning the actual underlying table.
Views take very little space to store; the database contains only the definition of a view, not a copy of all the data that it presents.
Structures data in a way that classes of users find natural and intuitive
Just as a function (in programming) can provide abstraction, so can a database view. In another parallel with functions, database users can manipulate nested views, thus one view can aggregate data from other views. Without the use of views, the normalization of databases above second normal form would become much more difficult. Views can make it easier to create lossless join decomposition.
Just as rows in a base table lack any defined ordering, rows available through a view do not appear with any default sorting. A view is a relational table, and the relational model defines a table as a set of rows. Since sets are not ordered — by definition — neither are the rows of a view. Therefore, an ORDER BY clause in the view definition is meaningless; the SQL standard (SQL:2003) does not allow an ORDER BY clause in the subquery of a CREATE VIEW command, just as it is refused in a CREATE TABLE statement. However, sorted data can be obtained from a view, in the same way as any other table — as part of a query statement on that view. Nevertheless, some DBMS (such as Oracle Database) do not abide by this SQL standard restriction.
Read-only vs. updatable views
Views can be defined as read-only or updatable. If the database system can determine the reverse mapping from the view schema to the schema of the underlying base tables, then the view is updatable. INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE operations can be performed on updatable views. Read-only views do not support such operations because the D |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMachines%20eOne | The eOne is an all-in-one desktop computer that was produced by eMachines in 1999. It resembles Apple's "Bondi Blue" iMac.
Apple sued eMachines for allegedly infringing upon the distinctive trade dress of the iMac with the eOne. Apple and eMachines settled the case in 2000, which required the model to be discontinued.
History and legal issues
Upon its release in 1999, the eOne came with a translucent "cool blue" case, while the original iMac had a two-toned case with "Bondi Blue" accents. At US$799, the eOne was also cheaper than the US$1,199 iMac. eMachines hoped to avoid legal trouble because the shape of the computer was different from the iMac. However, Apple sued eMachines, alleging that the computer's design infringed upon the protected trade dress of the iMac. In March 2000, eMachines reached a settlement with Apple, under which it agreed to discontinue the infringing model.
The eOne was available at Circuit City and Micro Center, but it did not sell well in the few months when it was available due to a lawsuit from Apple which eventually caused the eOne to be widely considered a failure for eMachines. The eOne was discontinued in 2002, and due to its lackluster sales, is rare in the secondary market.
Technical specifications
The eOne had a 433 MHz Intel Celeron microprocessor, 64 megabytes of PC-100 SDRAM RAM, a 15-inch CRT monitor, a 10BASE-T Ethernet port, a floppy drive, an 8 MB ATI video card, a 56k modem, and a CD-ROM drive, along with the ability to use two PC cards, which were commonly used to expand the capabilities of laptops.
As a Wintel-based computer, the eOne ran Windows 98 or Windows Me depending on the time of manufacture, as opposed to the iMac running Mac OS 8 or Mac OS 9.
Legacy
In 2007, three years after acquiring eMachines, Gateway released the One, an all-in-one desktop computer similar to the eOne but in black and utilizing a flat-screen monitor.
References
EMachines
All-in-one desktop computers
Computer-related introductions in 1999 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/P | The PL/P programming language (an acronym of Programming Language for Prime (computers)) is a mid-level programming language developed by Prime Computer to serve as their second primary system programming language after Fortran IV. PL/P was a subset of PL/I.
Additions to the PRIMOS operating system for Prime 50 Series computers were written mostly in PL/P in later years. Certain PRIMOS modules written in Fortran IV during PRIMOS's early years were rewritten in PL/P. PL/P was the most widespread compiled programming language used for commercial PRIMOS applications, outpacing the use of the Prime C compiler, the CPL (PRIMOS) scripting language, and the Fortran IV compiler in commercial applications.
References
Systems programming languages
PL/I programming language family |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring%20green | Spring green is a color that was traditionally considered to be on the yellow side of green, but in modern computer systems based on the RGB color model is halfway between cyan and green on the color wheel.
The modern spring green, when plotted on the CIE chromaticity diagram, corresponds to a visual stimulus of about 505 nanometers on the visible spectrum. In HSV color space, the expression of which is known as the RGB color wheel, spring green has a hue of 150°. Spring green is one of the tertiary colors on the RGB color wheel, where it is the complementary color of rose.
The first recorded use of spring green as a color name in English was in 1766, referring to roughly the color now called spring bud.
Spring green (computer)
Spring green (HTML)
Spring green is a web color, common to X11 and HTML.
Medium spring green
Displayed at right is the color medium spring green.
Medium spring green is a web color. It is close to but not right on the color wheel and it is a little closer to cyan than to green.
Dark spring green
At right is displayed the web color dark spring green.
Additional variations of web spring green
Mint cream
Displayed at right is the web color mint cream, a pale pastel tint of spring green.
The color mint cream is a representation of the color of the interior of an after dinner mint (which is disc shaped with mint flavored buttercream on the inside and a chocolate coating on the outside).
Sea green
Sea green is a shade of cyan color that resembles the hue of shallow seawater as seen from the surface.
Sea green is notable for being the emblematic color of the Levellers party in the politics of 1640s England. Leveller supporters would wear a sea-green ribbon, in a similar manner to the present-day red AIDS awareness ribbon.
Medium sea green
At right is displayed the web color medium sea green, a medium shade of spring green.
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is a color that is a pale bright tint of spring green toned toward cyan. It represents the color of the aquamarine gemstone. Aquamarine is the birthstone for those born on January 21 to February 20 in tropical zodiac, and February 14 to March 15 in sidereal zodiac.
Spring green (traditional)
Spring bud
Spring bud is the color that used to be called spring green before the X11 web color spring green was formulated in 1987 when the X11 colors were first promulgated. This color is now called spring bud to avoid confusion with the web color.
The color is also called soft spring green, spring green (traditional), or spring green (M&P).
The first recorded use of spring green as a color name in English (meaning the color that is now called spring bud) was in 1766.
Additional variations of traditional spring green
Emerald
Emerald, also called emerald green, is a tone of green that is particularly light and bright, with a faint bluish cast. The name derives from the typical appearance of the emerald gemstone.
The first recorded use of emerald as a color name in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakers%21%20The%20Adventures%20of%20Piggley%20Winks | Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks, Jakers in Europe, is a computer-animated children's television series. The series was broadcast on PBS Kids in the United States, and on CBBC and CBeebies in the United Kingdom. It was also broadcast in Australia on ABC Kids. The series ran for three seasons and 52 episodes total from September 7, 2003, to January 23, 2007, with reruns airing through August 31, 2008. Reruns aired on the Qubo television network from June 30, 2012 (alongside Taste Buds, Artzooka! and Harry and His Bucket Full of Dinosaurs) to March 26, 2017.
The show chronicles the boyhood adventures of Piggley Winks, an anthropomorphic pig from Ireland, and how he relates these stories to his grandchildren as a grandfather in the modern day. Many of the stories takes place on the Winks family's farm, Raloo Farm, located in the village of Tara. The word "jakers" was originally a euphemism for "Jesus" in much of Ireland during the 1950s and 1960s, and was an exclamation of surprise, delight, dismay, or alarm. Piggley and his father exclusively use it to express their delight when they discover something on their adventures. Notably, the show contains voiceover work by the actors Joan Rivers and Mel Brooks.
Plot
Jakers! takes place in two different settings, in two different time periods.
In the present time (the frame story), Piggley Winks lives in the United States (or Great Britain, according to different versions) and tells stories of his childhood in a rural area in the rural south of Ireland to his three grandchildren. In flashbacks, he is seen as a child, playing with his friends and going to school in the mid-1950s. Most of the main characters are anthropomorphic animals—including Piggley and his family, who are all pigs. However, there are normal, non-anthropomorphic animals in the show as well.
Past
Piggley Winks lived with his parents Pádraig and Elly and his younger sister Molly at Raloo Farm in Ireland during the 1950s. His best friends are Dannan O'Mallard, a duck who lives in a hut by a pond with her rarely seen grandmother, and Fernando "Ferny" Toro, a young bull who lives with his widowed father, the Spanish blacksmith Don Toro in the village of Tara. Piggley's rival is the main antagonist, Hector McBadger.
Piggley lives his everyday life on the farm as a normal child, going to school, helping his parents, taking care of his sister, and having adventures, almost always followed by his friends. He has always been interested in stories and legends, and his fertile mind and mischievous spirit put him in many unpredictable situations, like believing fairies turned Ferny into a bug, trying to hatch a supposed dragon's egg, using the Salmon of Knowledge to pass the school exam, and even trying to capture the legendary Fir Darrig.
Each story also features a subplot featuring a sheep named Wiley (voiced by Mel Brooks), who lives at Raloo Farm with his flock. As the only sheep in the flock who can talk, he believes he is their n |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speakeasy%20%28disambiguation%29 | A speakeasy is a saloon, common during Prohibition (1920–1933) in the United States.
Speakeasy may also refer to:
Computers and electronics
SpeakEasy, a software defined radio project of the United States military
Speakeasy (computational environment), a numeric computational environment and programming language
Speakeasy (ISP), a large internet service provider in the USA
Film and TV
Speakeasy (1929 film)
Speakeasy (2002 film), by Brendan Murphy
Speakeasy (Ireland), a daytime show broadcast in Ireland
Music
The Speakeasy Club, a London club where musicians met and played during the late 1960s and early 1970s
Speakeasy (D.I.G. album), 1995
Speakeasy (Freeze the Atlantic album), 2012
Speakeasy (Stavesacre album), 1999
The Speakeasy (album), a 2010 album by Smoke or Fire
"Speakeasy" (1994), a single by Shed Seven
Other uses
Speakeasy Comics, a Canadian comic book company
Speakeasy (Hong Kong), a type of eatery in modern Hong Kong that does not operate under a restaurant licence, but de facto functioning as a restaurant
Speakeasy Ales and Lagers, a Microbrewery in San Francisco, California
Speakeasy Theaters, a theater that sells beer and wine in Oakland, California |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWJS | WWJS (channel 14) is a religious television station licensed to Hickory, North Carolina, United States, owned and operated by the Sonlife Broadcasting Network. It serves the northwestern corner of the Charlotte media market, a region locally referred to as "The Unifour". WWJS' primary transmitter is located on Bakers Mountain in southwestern Catawba County, with a secondary transmitter in the unincorporated area of Newell in northeastern Mecklenburg County (just northeast of the Charlotte city limits).
History
The station first signed on the air on February 14, 1968, as WHKY-TV, a sister station to WHKY radio (1290 AM), owned by Long Communications of Hickory. During the 1980s, WHKY-TV aired Major League Baseball games from the Cincinnati Reds; it also had a secondary affiliation with NBC, carrying some programs that were preempted by the Charlotte market's primary NBC affiliate, WPCQ-TV (channel 36, now WCNC-TV).
For most of its first quarter-century on the air, WHKY-TV primarily targeted the Unifour. In 2002, WHKY-TV installed two new antennas: one for its digital signal and one which replaced its older analog antenna. The latter antenna's installation helped to increase WHKY-TV's analog signal coverage into the far northern corner of Mecklenburg County. As a result, the station was granted a must-carry claim, allowing it to be added to Time Warner Cable's systems in the Charlotte area; the station also began identifying as "Hickory/Charlotte" in its on-air legal identifications.
In 2004, WHKY-TV boosted its analog transmitter's power to 2 million watts. In June 2006, the station began to be carried on Dish Network and DirecTV's Charlotte area local station lineups, expanding its reach to cover two million people in North and South Carolina. The station's digital transmitter was relocated to Bakers Mountain in the fall of 2011, with its effective radiated power increasing to 950,000 watts (equivalent to 4.75 million watts in analog); the station also launched a fill-in translator, whose transmitter is located just north of Charlotte (near the Charlotte Motor Speedway).
On February 15, 2023, it was announced that WHKY-TV would be sold to Baton Rouge, Louisiana–based Family Worship Center Church, led by pastor Jimmy Swaggart, for $12 million. The sale was completed on April 25; the station changed its call sign to WWJS the next day. Long Communications retained WHKY radio and its FM translator, as well as the WHKY call sign.
The deal resulted in main-channel coverage of Swaggart's Sonlife Broadcasting Network throughout the Charlotte market, which is a hub of major televangelism organizations, including Swaggart's longtime rivals, the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association and Jim Bakker's PTL, now INSP; it was previously carried as a subchannel of both WJZY and WMYT-TV before their 2020 sale to Nexstar Media Group.
Programming
Prior to the sale to Sonlife, WHKY-TV's schedule consisted primarily of locally-produced religious and entertainmen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sendai%20Television | Sendai Television Inc. (株式会社仙台放送, OX) is a TV station affiliated with Fuji News Network (FNN) and Fuji Network System (FNS) serving in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, headquartered in Sendai. It was established on October 1, 1962.
TV channel
Sendai
Analog: JOOX-TV, Channel 12, VIDEO:10 kW AUDIO:2.5 kW (Wave stopped on March 31, 2012)
Digital: JOOX-DTV, Channel 21, 3 kW
Programs
Anime
External links
The official website of Sendai Television
1962 establishments in Japan
Fuji News Network
Mass media in Sendai
Television stations in Japan
Television channels and stations established in 1962
Companies based in Sendai |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macquarie%20Park%20railway%20station | Macquarie Park railway station is located on the Sydney Metro network, serving the suburb of Macquarie Park. It was formerly part of Sydney Trains' T1 Northern Line, before being converted to service the Metro North West Line
History
Macquarie Park station opened as part of the Epping to Chatswood Rail Link on 23 February 2009.
Macquarie Park station closed in September 2018 for seven months for conversion to service Sydney Metro network station on the Metro North West Line, which included the installation of platform screen doors. It reopened on 26 May 2019.
Services
There are currently 12 bus routes servicing Macquarie Park station operated by Busways, CDC NSW and Transit Systems, and one NightRide route.
References
External links
Macquarie Park station details Transport for New South Wales
Easy Access railway stations in Sydney
Railway stations in Australia opened in 2009
Sydney Metro stations
Macquarie Park, New South Wales
City of Ryde |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRON-TV | KRON-TV (channel 4) is a television station licensed to San Francisco, California, United States, serving as the San Francisco Bay Area's outlet for The CW Television Network. The station also maintains a secondary affiliation with MyNetworkTV. Owned and operated by The CW's majority owner, Nexstar Media Group, KRON-TV has studios on Front Street in the city's historic Northeast Waterfront, in the same building as ABC owned-and-operated station KGO-TV, channel 7 (but with completely separate operations from that station). The transmitting antenna is located atop Sutro Tower in San Francisco.
History
NBC affiliation (1949–2001)
In 1948, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) authorized a construction permit by the Chronicle Publishing Company, publishers of the San Francisco Chronicle daily newspaper, for a new television station in San Francisco, KRON-TV. Chronicle Publishing was founded by brothers Charles and Michael de Young. The company already owned radio station KRON-FM.
Managed by Michael de Young's grandson Charles de Young Thieriot, KRON signed on the air on November 15, 1949, as a full-time NBC affiliate. Its opening night program schedule included a special about San Francisco entertainment followed by the usual NBC prime time lineup of the Texaco Star Theater with Milton Berle, The Life of Riley, Mohawk Showroom, and The Chesterfield Supper Club. KRON-TV was the third television outlet in the Bay Area behind KGO-TV (channel 7) and KPIX-TV (channel 5), all going on the air within a year, and the last license before the FCC placed a moratorium on new television station licenses that would last the next four years.
KRON-TV originally broadcast from studios located in the basement of the Chronicle Building at Fifth and Mission Streets. Newscasts benefited from the resources of the Chronicle and there was cooperation between KRON-TV and the newspaper. It originally maintained transmitter facilities, master control and a small insert studio on San Bruno Mountain. In August 1959, the Chronicle reported that the tower was severely damaged by an unusually strong thunderstorm, requiring major repairs before KRON-TV could return to the air. In 1960, NBC attempted to purchase its own station in the Bay Area, when they attempted to buy KTVU. The sale was cancelled that October due to pre-existing concerns over the sale cited by the FCC that were related to NBC's ownership of radio and television stations in Philadelphia; as a result, NBC stayed with KRON-TV.
In the early 1960s, KRON's profits were keeping the Chronicle Publishing Company financially solvent at a time when the San Francisco Chronicle was losing money, around $3 million from 1958 to 1965.
In 1967, KRON-FM-TV moved to a new studio at 1001 Van Ness Avenue in the Western Addition neighborhood (a location that formerly served as the site of the Roman Catholic cathedral of San Francisco). The television transmitter was moved to Sutro Tower on July 4, 1973, while the FM transmi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who%20Dares%20Wins%20%28Australian%20game%20show%29 | Who Dares Wins is an Australian adventure game show that aired on the Seven Network between 1996 and 1998, with repeats airing in 1999 to 2001, 2005 and 2007. Hosted by former Test cricketer Mike Whitney and co-hosted by Tania Zaetta, the show has been screened in over 50 countries around the world.
As an adventure game show in which contestants are expected to complete undesirable tasks to win prizes, Who Dares Wins could be considered a precursor to contemporary reality TV series such as Fear Factor. It was created by David Mason and Adrian Brant.
Format
The main focus of each episode of the show often revolves around a dangerous stunt of some kind. An unsuspecting contestant, previously nominated by a viewer of the show, is ambushed by Whitney and dared to partake and complete the stunt successfully to win a major consolation prize (usually a holiday and spending money).
Most of the runtime of a typical episode is devoted to the preparation of the stunt and the training the contestant receives. Often the stunt would also be demonstrated beforehand (successfully or unsuccessfully) by professional stuntmen.
In the climax of the show the contestant then attempts to complete the dare; if successful, they win the major prize. If they fail or decide to drop out, co-host Zaetta will then try to complete the dare instead; the contestants forfeits the prize if she succeeds, but if she fails or pulls out herself, the contestant wins regardless.
During the show, each major dare is bookended by several minor segments in which Whitney travels the streets and shopping malls of Australia challenging people to complete a lesser dare for a cash prize (usually around A$50 to $200). This may range from sticking a hand into a container full of cockroaches or having all their hair shaved off, to more complex dares such as tightrope walking above a mall foyer, or diving off a ten-metre platform into a pool.
Despite Australian production of the show ending in 1998, Who Dares Wins continues to be popular around the globe on cable television networks such as AXN. In particular, the show's massive success in India even led to a series of India-based specials hosted by Whitney and Zaetta in 2002, and later an Indian spin-off called Extreme Dhamaka in 2003.
The show was also licensed to the United Kingdom and named Don't Try This at Home and then renamed Challenge of a Lifetime. In the United States the Game Show Network aired Who Dares Wins on several occasions, with the tagline that Who Dares Wins was "Australian for Game Show" as a parody of Foster's Lager's American advertising campaign of the time.
Maxibon challenge
At the height of the show's popularity, Mike Whitney introduced the 'Maxibon challenge', a minor segment challenge to eat a Nestlé Maxibon ice-cream in 30 seconds. Every week Whitney would test the mettle of the Australian public. If a contestant managed to complete the challenge, they would then be awarded AU$50 and dubbed a 'Whitney Warrior'. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HCLTech | HCL Technologies Limited, d/b/a HCLTech (formerly Hindustan Computers Pvt. Limited), is an Indian multinational information technology (IT) services and consulting company headquartered in Noida. The founder of HCLTech is Shiv Nadar. It emerged as an independent company in 1991 when HCL entered into the software services business. The company has offices in 52 countries and over 225,944 employees.
HCLTech is on the Forbes Global 2000 list. It is among the top 20 largest publicly traded companies in India with a market capitalization of 281,209 crore as of March 2022. It is one of the top Big Tech (India) companies.
History
Formation and early years
In 1976, a group of eight engineers, all former employees of Delhi Cloth & General Mills, led by Shiv Nadar, started a company that would make personal computers. Initially floated as Microcomp Limited, Nadar and his team (which also included Arjun Malhotra, Ajai Chowdhry, D.S. Puri, Yogesh Vaidya and Subhash Arora) started selling teledigital calculators to gather capital for their main product. On 11 August 1976, the company was renamed Hindustan Computers Limited (HCL). The company originally was focused on hardware but, via HCL Technologies, software and services became a main focus.
HCL Technologies began as the R&D Division of HCL Enterprise, a company which was a contributor to the development and growth of the IT and computer industry in India. HCL Enterprise developed an indigenous microcomputer in 1978, and a networking OS and client-server architecture in 1983. On 12 November 1991, HCL Technologies was spun off as a separate unit to provide software services. Later subsidiaries included HCL Infosystems and HCL Healthcare.
On 12 November 1991, a company called HCL Overseas Limited was incorporated as a provider of technology development services. It received the certificate of commencement of business on 10 February 1992 after which it began its operations. Two years later, in July 1994, the company name was changed to HCL Consulting Limited. On 6 October 1999, the company was renamed 'HCL Technologies Limited' for "a better reflection of its activities."
Between 1991 and 1999, the company expanded its software development capacities to US, European and APAC markets.
IPO and subsequent expansion
The company went public on 10 November 1999, with an issue of 142 crore (14.2 million) shares, valued at ₹4 each. During 2000, the company set up an offshore development centre in Chennai, India, for KLA-Tencor Corporation.
In 2002, it acquired Gulf Computers Inc.
In February 2014, HCL launched HCL Healthcare. HCL TalentCare is the fourth and latest venture of HCL Corporation.
In July 2018, US-based Actian was acquired by HCL and Sumeru Equity Partners for $330 million.
In 2019, HCL Technologies acquired a select few products of IBM. HCL took the full ownership of research and development, sales, marketing, delivery, and support for AppScan, BigFix, Commerce, Connections, Digital Expe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jindalee%20Operational%20Radar%20Network | The Jindalee Operational Radar Network (JORN) is an over-the-horizon radar (OHR) network that can monitor air and sea movements across . It has a normal operating range of to . It is used in the defence of Australia, and can also monitor maritime operations, wave heights and wind directions.
JORN's main ground stations comprise a control centre, known as the JORN Coordination Centre (JCC), at RAAF Base Edinburgh in South Australia and three transmission stations: Radar 1 near Longreach, Queensland, Radar 2 near Laverton, Western Australia and Radar 3 near Alice Springs, Northern Territory.
History
The roots of the JORN can be traced back to post World War II experiments in the United States and a series of Australian experiments at DSTO Edinburgh, South Australia beginning in the early 1950s.
In 1969, The Technical Cooperation Program membership and papers by John Strath prompted development of a core "Over the Horizon" radar project.
From July 1970 a study was undertaken; this resulted in a proposal for a program to be carried out, in three phases, to develop an over-the-horizon-radar system.
Geebung
Phase 1, Project Geebung, aimed to define operational requirements for an OHR and study applicable technologies and techniques. The project carried out a series of ionospheric soundings evaluating the suitability of the ionosphere for the operation of an OTHR.
Jindalee
Phase 2, Project Jindalee, aimed at proving the feasibility and costing of OHR. This second phase was carried out by the Radar Division, (later, the High Frequency Radar Division), of the Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO). Project Jindalee came into being during the period 1972–1974 and was divided into three stages.
Stage 'A' commenced in April 1974. It involved the construction of a prototype radar receiver at Mount Everard, (near Alice Springs), a transmitter (at Harts Range, 160 km away) and a beacon in Derby. When completed (in October 1976) the Stage A radar ran for two years, closing in December 1978. Stage A formally ended in February 1979, having achieved its mission of proving the feasibility of OTHR. The success of stage A resulted in the construction of a larger stage 'B' radar, drawing on the knowledge gained from stage A.
Stage 'B' commenced on 6 July 1978. The new radar was constructed next to the stage A radar. Developments during stage B included real time signal processing, custom built processors, larger antenna arrays, and higher power transmitters, which resulted in a more sensitive and capable radar.
The first data was received by stage B in the period April–May 1982,
the first ship was detected in January 1983, and
an aircraft was automatically tracked in February 1984.
Trials were carried out with the Royal Australian Air Force during April 1984, substantially fulfilling the mission of stage B, to demonstrate an OHR operating in Australia. Another two years of trials were carried out before the Jindalee project officially fin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiresolution%20analysis | A multiresolution analysis (MRA) or multiscale approximation (MSA) is the design method of most of the practically relevant discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) and the justification for the algorithm of the fast wavelet transform (FWT). It was introduced in this context in 1988/89 by Stephane Mallat and Yves Meyer and has predecessors in the microlocal analysis in the theory of differential equations (the ironing method) and the pyramid methods of image processing as introduced in 1981/83 by Peter J. Burt, Edward H. Adelson and James L. Crowley.
Definition
A multiresolution analysis of the Lebesgue space consists of a sequence of nested subspaces
that satisfies certain self-similarity relations in time-space and scale-frequency, as well as completeness and regularity relations.
Self-similarity in time demands that each subspace Vk is invariant under shifts by integer multiples of 2k. That is, for each the function g defined as also contained in .
Self-similarity in scale demands that all subspaces are time-scaled versions of each other, with scaling respectively dilation factor 2k-l. I.e., for each there is a with .
In the sequence of subspaces, for k>l the space resolution 2l of the l-th subspace is higher than the resolution 2k of the k-th subspace.
Regularity demands that the model subspace V0 be generated as the linear hull (algebraically or even topologically closed) of the integer shifts of one or a finite number of generating functions or . Those integer shifts should at least form a frame for the subspace , which imposes certain conditions on the decay at infinity. The generating functions are also known as scaling functions or father wavelets. In most cases one demands of those functions to be piecewise continuous with compact support.
Completeness demands that those nested subspaces fill the whole space, i.e., their union should be dense in , and that they are not too redundant, i.e., their intersection should only contain the zero element.
Important conclusions
In the case of one continuous (or at least with bounded variation) compactly supported scaling function with orthogonal shifts, one may make a number of deductions. The proof of existence of this class of functions is due to Ingrid Daubechies.
Assuming the scaling function has compact support, then implies that there is a finite sequence of coefficients for , and for , such that
Defining another function, known as mother wavelet or just the wavelet
one can show that the space , which is defined as the (closed) linear hull of the mother wavelet's integer shifts, is the orthogonal complement to inside . Or put differently, is the orthogonal sum (denoted by ) of and . By self-similarity, there are scaled versions of and by completeness one has
thus the set
is a countable complete orthonormal wavelet basis in .
See also
Multigrid method
Multiscale modeling
Scale space
Time–frequency analysis
Wavelet
References
Crowley, J. L., (1982). A Represe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro%20Gomez%20%28journalist%29 | Pedro Gomez (August 20, 1962 – February 7, 2021) was an American sports journalist. He worked as a reporter for ESPN from 2003 to 2021, contributing to the network's SportsCenter show. He was primarily a baseball reporter and was also a member of the Baseball Writers' Association of America who cast election votes for the Baseball Hall of Fame. He covered 25 World Series and 22 Major League Baseball All-Star Games.
Early life
Gomez was the son of Cuban refugees, born just 20 days after his parents arrived in the United States in August 1962, two months before the Cuban Missile Crisis. Gomez attended Coral Park High School in Miami, where he was a year ahead of future major league player Jose Canseco. Gomez then went to Miami-Dade Community College (south campus) and the University of Miami.
Career
Gomez wrote for The Miami News from 1985 to 1988 and then The San Diego Union from 1988 to 1990. After years of covering high schools and general assignment sports in Miami, San Diego, and the San Francisco Bay Area, Gomez became a full-time baseball beat writer in 1992, covering the Oakland Athletics for the San Jose Mercury News and The Sacramento Bee from 1990 to 1997. Those Oakland squads featured stars including Rickey Henderson and "Bash Brothers" Jose Canseco and Mark McGwire. Gomez said that covering those A's was like "we were traveling with The [Rolling] Stones."
Gomez gained much experience during this seven-year period as a newspaper writer. His work in Sacramento, San Jose and later as a national baseball writer and general sports columnist for The Arizona Republic in Phoenix from 1997 to 2003 led to ESPN's hiring of him in 2003 to work at SportsCenter. Gomez specialized in baseball reporting for ESPN and followed Barry Bonds for the better part of three seasons as Bonds pursued Hank Aaron for the all-time MLB home run record. Gomez's favorite event that he covered was Game 6 of the 2003 National League Championship Series, when Chicago Cubs fan Steve Bartman attempted to catch a foul ball against the Miami Marlins, who went on to score eight times in the inning. In 2016, Gomez went to Cuba to cover an exhibition game between the Tampa Bay Rays and the Cuba national team, the first visit by an MLB club in almost two decades. He also appeared on Baseball Tonight and other studio shows.
Gomez also covered sports other than baseball, including working as a sideline reporter during MLS Cup 2008. He covered a U.S. men's national soccer team in Havana in 2008.
Personal life and death
Gomez and his wife, Sandi, had three children; he resided in Phoenix, Arizona. His son Rio played college baseball as a left-handed pitcher for the Arizona Wildcats baseball team, before starting a professional baseball career within the Boston Red Sox organization. Rio represented Colombia, Sandi's home country, in the 2023 World Baseball Classic, pitching innings of scoreless relief against Canada.
Gomez died from a heart attack at his home in Phoenix on F |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacUser | MacUser was a monthly (formerly biweekly) computer magazine published by Dennis Publishing Ltd. and licensed by Felden in the UK. It ceased publication in 2015.
In 1985 Felix Dennis’ Dennis Publishing, the creators of MacUser in the UK, licensed the name and “mouse-rating” symbol for MacUser to Ziff-Davis Publishing for use in the rest of the world. The UK MacUser was never linked to the US MacUser. When Ziff-Davis merged its Mac holdings into Mac Publishing in September 1997, that new company gained the license to use the MacUser name. However, it opted to keep the Macworld magazine brand-name alive, albeit with MacUser-style mouse ratings. As a result, only the original UK-based MacUser remains, and the UK edition of Macworld is unable to use the mouse rating symbols used by its fellow Macworld editions.
The UK magazine was aimed at Mac users in the design sector, and each issue brought the reader up-to-date with news, reviews, ‘Masterclass’ tutorials and technical advice. Masterclasses take the reader through tasks such as photo retouching, design techniques, and creating movies.
Staff
, notable staff of the magazine included:
Editor in Chief - Adam Banks
Technical Editor - Keith Martin
Contributing Features Editor - Nik Rawlinson
Contributing Graphics Editor - Steve Caplin
Contributing Products Editor - Kenny Hemphill
Contributing Writer - Alan Stonebridge
Production editor/sub-editor/layout - Kirsty Fortune
Publisher - Paul Rayner
See also
MacUser (US edition)
References
External links
MacUser magazine homepage
Archived MacUser magazines on the Internet Archive
1985 establishments in the United Kingdom
2015 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Biweekly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Defunct computer magazines published in the United Kingdom
Macintosh magazines
Magazines established in 1985
Magazines disestablished in 2015 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTC | HTC Corporation (), or High Tech Computer Corporation (abbreviated and trading as HTC), is a Taiwanese consumer electronics company headquartered in Xindian District, New Taipei City, Taiwan. Founded in 1997, HTC began as an original design manufacturer and original equipment manufacturer that designed and manufactured laptop computers.
After initially making smartphones based mostly on Windows Mobile, HTC became one of 34 cofounding members of the Open Handset Alliance, a group of handset manufacturers and mobile network operators dedicated to the development of the Android operating system. The HTC Dream (marketed by T-Mobile in many countries as the T-Mobile G1) was the first phone on the market to run Android.
Although initially successful as a smartphone vendor as it became the largest smartphone vendor in the U.S. in Q3 2011, competition from Samsung and Apple, among others, diluted its market share, which dropped to just 7.2% by April 2015, and the company has experienced consecutive net losses. In 2016, HTC began to diversify its business beyond smartphones and has partnered with Valve to produce a virtual reality platform known as HTC Vive. After having collaborated with Google on its Google Pixel, HTC sold roughly half of its design and research talent, as well as non-exclusive rights to smartphone-related intellectual property, to Google in 2017 for billion.
History
Cher Wang () and H. T. Cho () founded HTC in 1997. Initially a manufacturer of notebook computers, HTC began designing some of the world's first touch and wireless hand-held devices in 1998.
HTC started making Windows Mobile PDAs and smartphones starting from 2004 under the Qtek brand. In 2006 the range was rebranded as HTC with the launch of the HTC TyTN.
In 2007, HTC acquired the mobile device company Dopod International.
In 2008, HTC unveiled the HTC Max 4G, the first GSM mobile phone to support WiMAX networks.
HTC joined Google's Open Handset Alliance and then developed and released the first device powered by Android in 2008, the HTC Dream.
On October 15, 2009, HTC launched the brand tagline "quietly brilliant"', and the "YOU" campaign, HTC's first global advertising campaign.
In November 2009 HTC released the HTC HD2, the first Windows Mobile device with a Touchscreen. The same year, HTC Sense debuted as a user interface which continues to be used as of 2018.
In July 2010, HTC announced it would begin selling HTC-branded smartphones in China in a partnership with China Mobile. In October 2010, the HTC HD7 was released as one of the launch models of Microsoft's revitalised Windows Phone. In 2010, HTC sold over 24.6 million handsets, up 111% over 2009.
At the Mobile World Congress in February 2011, the GSMA named HTC the "Device Manufacturer of the Year" in its Global Mobile Awards. In April 2011, HTC surpassed Nokia as the third-largest smartphone manufacturer by market share, behind Apple and Samsung.
On 6 July 2011, it was announced that HTC would buy V |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content-addressable%20network | The content-addressable network (CAN) is a distributed, decentralized P2P infrastructure that provides hash table functionality on an Internet-like scale. CAN was one of the original four distributed hash table proposals, introduced concurrently with Chord, Pastry, and Tapestry.
Overview
Like other distributed hash tables, CAN is designed to be scalable, fault tolerant, and self-organizing. The architectural design is a virtual multi-dimensional Cartesian coordinate space, a type of overlay network, on a multi-torus. This n-dimensional coordinate space is a virtual logical address, completely independent of the physical location and physical connectivity of the nodes. Points within the space are identified with coordinates. The entire coordinate space is dynamically partitioned among all the nodes in the system such that every node possesses at least one distinct zone within the overall space.
Routing
A CAN node maintains a routing table that holds the IP address and virtual coordinate zone of each of its neighbors. A node routes a message towards a destination point in the coordinate space. The node first determines which neighboring zone is closest to the destination point, and then looks up that zone's node's IP address via the routing table.
Node joining
To join a CAN, a joining node must:
Find a node already in the overlay network.
Identify a zone that can be split
Update the routing tables of nodes neighboring the newly split zone.
To find a node already in the overlay network, bootstrapping nodes may be used to inform the joining node of IP addresses of nodes currently in the overlay network.
After the joining node receives an IP address of a node already in the CAN, it can attempt to identify a zone for itself. The joining node randomly picks a point in the coordinate space and sends a join request, directed to the random point, to one of the received IP addresses. The nodes already in the overlay network route the join request to the correct device via their zone-to-IP routing tables. Once the node managing the destination point's zone receives the join request, it may honor the join request by splitting its zone in half, allocating itself the first half, and allocating the joining node the second half. If it does not honor the join request, the joining node keeps picking random points in the coordinate space and sending join requests directed to these random points until it successfully joins the network.
After the zone split and allocation is complete, the neighboring nodes are updated with the coordinates of the two new zones and the corresponding IP addresses. Routing tables are updated and updates are propagated across the network.
Node departing
To handle a node departing, the CAN must
identify a node is departing
have the departing node's zone merged or taken over by a neighboring node
update the routing tables across the network.
Detecting a node's departure can be done, for instance, via heartbeat message |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unionville%20GO%20Station | Unionville GO Station is a train and bus station in the GO Transit network located in Markham, Ontario, Canada. It is a stop on the Stouffville line. The station is also served by Highway 407 East Express buses, which run westbound to Highway 407 station, northbound to Mount Joy GO Station, and eastbound to the Oshawa GO station.
By late May 2022, the station had acquired a second track, a turnaround track and an island platform to support future all-day, two-way service on the Stouffville line. In future, GO trains will run every 10 minutes to Unionville and every 30 minutes to Mount Joy GO Station.
History
Old Unionville Station
The original Unionville Station was opened in 1871 by the Toronto and Nipissing Railway. The railway line and station were acquired in succession by the Midland Railway of Canada in 1882, the Grand Trunk Railway in 1884 and Canadian National Railway in 1923. Canadian National served the station until 1978; GO Transit used the station from 1982 to 1991. GO train service ended at the station on Friday May 3, 1991, and service began at the current GO station the following Monday, May 6.
The old station building has been restored and is now used as a community centre. Like Markham GO Station, this station features classic Canadian Railway Style with elements of Vernacular Carpenter Gothic architecture of the 19th Century. It is located on Station Lane, near Main Street Unionville. While a platform exists it is fenced off from the rail line to indicate it is not an operational station.
Current station
The current station was built in 1991 to replace the old Unionville Station. The newer station was renovated and re-opened in April 2005 and accessed by a service road from Kennedy Road north of Highway 407.
By the end of May 2022, Metrolinx had completed a number of station improvements as part of GO Expansion to support future all-day, two-way service on the Stouffville line. The improvements include:
A second track, new platform and a turnaround track.
A new island platform and a relocated east platform, both with canopies, shelters and a snow-melting system.
New pedestrian tunnels and elevators.
286 additional parking spots.
Pedestrian walkways through the parking lot.
New ramps from the parking lot to the platforms.
More bicycle storage.
Connecting bus routes
GO Transit
52 407 East (Oshawa–Highway 407 Bus Terminal) (weekend only)
54 407 East (Markham–Highway 407 Bus Terminal) (weekdays only)
56 407 East (Oakville GO Station–Oshawa GO Station) (weekdays only)
56A 407 Corridor (Square One - Oshawa GO Station) (weekday express)
71 Stouffville ("Train-bus" for Stouffville Line when trains do not operate)
York Region Transit
8 Kennedy
Viva routes
Viva Pink (temporarily suspended)
Viva Purple
Viva service began on October 16, 2005, with buses stopping near Kennedy Road. Because the nearby Enterprise Drive was not finished when Viva services in the area began, this station served as a temporary st |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markham%20GO%20Station | Markham GO Station is a railway station on the GO Transit Stouffville line network located on Markham Main Street North in Markham, Ontario in Canada.
History
The station was built in 1871 by the Toronto and Nipissing Railway, which was taken over by the Grand Trunk Railway, which ultimately became part of the Canadian National Railway in 1923. It has been designated as a heritage railway station by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada.
The station design is based on a classic Canadian Railway Style with elements of the Vernacular-Carpenter Gothic architecture of the mid-19th century in Ontario.
The city of Markham purchased the building as a Millennium project and are undertaking its restoration in conjunction with the Markham Village Conservancy, which manages the station. In addition to facilities for GO Transit, the building is used as a community centre, with two rooms that have a capacity of 30 and 100 people, respectively, which are available for rental.
Services
Markham Station does not have a bus terminal. Connecting bus services serve on-street stops in front of the station.
GO Transit
On weekdays, Stouffville line train service to Markham Station consists of 9 trains southbound to Union Station in the morning and 9 trains northbound to Lincolnville in the afternoon or late evening. Service at other times and in other directions is provided by GO bus route 71, which continues beyond Lincolnville to Uxbridge station.
Route 54 (Hwy 407 East GO Bus) operates between Mount Joy and Highway 407 Bus Terminal.
York Region Transit
301 Markham Express (rush hour only)
Toronto Transit Commission
Markham Road northbound to Major Mackenzie Drive and southbound Warden Subway Station (second longest bus route after 54 Lawrence East).
This route is operated by the TTC on behalf of the YRT and charges a YRT fare. Those who want to cross Steeles Avenue (the boundary between Toronto and Markham) are required to pay a TTC fare (in addition to a YRT fare).
See also
York Region Transit
Toronto Transit Commission
List of designated heritage railway stations of Canada
References
External links
GO Transit railway stations
Railway stations in Markham, Ontario
Railway stations in Canada opened in 1871
Canadian National Railway stations in Ontario
Designated heritage railway stations in Ontario
1871 establishments in Ontario |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Joy%20GO%20Station | Mount Joy GO Station is a railway station and bus station in the GO Transit network located in the City of Markham, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the community of Mount Joy, north of the old town of Markham, at the intersection of Markham Road and Bur Oak Avenue and is a stop on the Stouffville line train service. It is also the northern terminus of most of the Stouffville line's off-peak train services.
Connecting transit
GO Transit
York University GO Bus Service; Eastern Terminus of Route 54 (Highway 407 East Service, Markham-Hwy 407 Bus Terminal branch)
Routes 70 and 71 (Stouffville GO Train-Bus Service) which provide off-peak and contra-peak service.
York Region Transit
18 Bur Oak eastbound to Cornell Terminal and westbound to Angus Glen Community Centre (No late evening or weekend service)
303 Bur Oak Express runs east along Bur Oak Avenue to the community of Cornell before running express to Finch Station. (rush hours only, AM to Finch, PM from Finch)
304 Mount Joy Express runs in the communities west and southwest of the station before running express to Finch Station. (rush hours only, AM to Finch, PM from Finch)
Toronto Transit Commission
Markham Road to Warden Station.
This route is operated by the TTC on behalf of YRT. A YRT fare is charged when the bus is in Markham and a TTC fare charged when the bus is in Toronto (i.e. South of Steeles Avenue)
References
External links
GO Transit railway stations
Railway stations in Markham, Ontario
Year of establishment missing
Railway stations in Canada opened in 2004
2004 establishments in Ontario |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stouffville%20GO%20Station | Stouffville GO Station is a railway station in the GO Transit network located in Stouffville, Ontario, Canada. It was the northern terminus of the Stouffville line train service until the line was extended to Lincolnville (now ) on September 2, 2008. Buses serve the station from stops on the street due to space limitations.
York-Durham Heritage Railway runs historical trains between the station and Uxbridge on summer weekends.
History
The Toronto and Nipissing Railway was completed in 1871, connecting Stouffville and Uxbridge with Toronto. The line's northeastern terminus at Coboconk, Ontario, on Balsam Lake in the Kawarthas was completed in 1872. In 1877, a second track was built from Stouffville north to Jackson's Point on Lake Simcoe. These connections were created in large part to provide a reliable and efficient means of transporting timber harvested and milled in these regions. Soon Stouffville Junction serviced thirty trains per day. The railway became the Grand Trunk Railway in 1884, and Canadian National Railways took over the line in 1914.
The original station, a converted Victorian home with annex, was demolished in the 1980s and not replaced until the current station was built for GO Transit in the 1990s. The water tower had been removed earlier but discussions continued about the fate of the 1916 Stouffville Co-op grain elevator, which needs to be relocated for GO Transit expansion. In May 2015, the grain elevator was demolished and replaced with 20 parking spaces after Metrolinx determined it was a fire hazard due to its deteriorated condition. Local preservationists were upset over the bulldozing of the 100-year-old structure.
In July 2005, the station site was expanded to include more parking in the west lot. An additional 60 surface parking spaces was added to the station in June 2016.
Connecting transit
York Region Transit
9 9th Line eastbound to Parkview Village and westbound to Box Grove Plaza
See also
Nineteen on the Park (c 1896)
References
External links
York-Durham Heritage Railway
Stouffville Community Policing Centre
GO Transit railway stations
Railway stations in the Regional Municipality of York
Railway stations in Canada opened in 1869
Canadian National Railway stations in Ontario
Transport in Whitchurch-Stouffville
Buildings and structures in Whitchurch-Stouffville
1869 establishments in Ontario |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appleby%20GO%20Station | Appleby GO Station is a railway station and bus station in the GO Transit network located in the 5000 block of Fairview Street in Burlington, Ontario in Canada near Appleby Line. It is a stop on the Lakeshore West line train service.
This station primarily serves residential areas in the eastern part of Burlington with train services on weekdays and weekends. There are connecting Burlington Transit local bus services.
Renovations began in the fall of 2014, incorporating repairs to the parking lots, relocation of the south drop-off area, the addition of energy efficient lighting and reconstruction of the south bus loop.
Burlington Transit connecting service
1 Plains-Fairview
4 Central
10 New-Maple
11 Sutton-Alton
25 Walkers
80 Harvester
81 North Service (Peak Service only)
Oakville Transit connecting service
14/14A Lakeshore West
References
External links
GO Transit railway stations
Railway stations in Burlington, Ontario
Railway stations in Canada opened in 1988
1988 establishments in Ontario |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlington%20GO%20Station | Burlington GO Station is a railway station and bus station in the GO Transit network, located at 2101 Fairview Street in Burlington, Ontario, Canada, just south of Queen Elizabeth Way between Guelph Line and Brant Street.
Overview
It is a stop on the Lakeshore West line train service, and was, for a time, the western terminus of the rail services. Most peak-hour and off-peak trains now terminate service at or , and a few trains link Hamilton GO further to the west.
There are extensive parking facilities on both the north and south of the station. A large multi-level parking structure opened in 2008, significantly expanding the parking capacity of the station. During weekdays, Burlington Transit serves the south side of the station, connected by wheelchair accessible tunnels under the tracks.
History
The original Great Western Railway station was built in 1855, just west of Brant Street, about half a mile west of the current GO Station. With the building of the Hamilton & Northwestern Railway in 1877, this location became a connection known as Burlington Junction. Coords:
The Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) purchased the Great Western Railway in 1882 and the Hamilton & Northwestern Railway/Northern Railway in 1888, and in turn was absorbed into the Canadian National Railway in 1923
That first station building burnt down in 1904 and was rebuilt in 1906.
GO Transit rush hour service was launched in 1967 and the new station location opened in 1980, with the old station renamed Burlington West. Via Rail service, which followed to the GO Station in 1988, was discontinued in 1990. All day GO Transit service commenced in 1992.
The City of Burlington acquired the 1906 historic station building in 2005. Renamed Freeman Station it had to be moved off site to allow for track improvements and with the purpose of having it restored.
Construction of a new station building began in September 2012, and was completed in Fall 2017.
Transit connections
Burlington Transit routes:
1 Plains (board at Fairview Street-outside of station)
2 Brant
6 Headon
10 New–Maple
12 Upper Middle
50 Burlington South (Late Night Service only)
51 Burlington Northeast (Late Night Service only)
52 Burlington Northwest (Late Night Service only)
80 Harvester
81 North Service (peak service only)
87 North Service–Aldershot (peak service only)
101 Plains Express (peak service only)
GO Transit bus routes:
12 Niagara Falls
18 Lakeshore West
Future
According to Metrolinx documentation, the station is the planned end of electrification.
References
External links
GO Transit railway stations
Railway stations in Burlington, Ontario
Railway stations in Canada opened in 1980
1980 establishments in Ontario |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronte%20GO%20Station | Bronte GO Station is a train station in the GO Transit network located in Oakville, Ontario, Canada. It is a stop on the Lakeshore West line and there is an adjacent bus loop for connecting local Oakville Transit bus routes.
In September 2008 the station parking lot was expanded with a new entrance on Wyecroft Road. In January 2011, approximately 175 spaces were made available in the south lot which can be entered from Speers Road. When the project is completed the south lot will provide 300 parking spaces, with stairs and ramps to the platforms.
A Bronte Station Master Plan was completed in 2013, with key recommendations to be coordinated with ongoing improvements. This included considering extending the east tunnel to the south side of the tracks to a relocated bus loop or improve existing west tunnel connections to the existing loop and add more bus bays. Improvements already started, and was completed by Spring 2016, which included repaving the south parking lot and the addition of 200 new spaces as well as upgrades to platform canopies and shelters.
History
The first Bronte railway station was built around 1900 by the Grand Trunk Railway, on the south side of the tracks just east of Bronte Road, about 1.5 kilometres west of the current site.
GO Transit began operating the Lakeshore line on May 23, 1967, providing only rush hour service beyond Oakville. When the GO Station was relocated, in November 1967, it had been given the name Oakville West to distinguish it from the original station. Subsequently, the historic name was restored for the community of Bronte where the station is located, in the west end of Oakville.
Connecting bus routes
Oakville Transit
3/3A Third Line
4 Speers-Cornwall
6 Upper Middle
10 West Industrial (Peak Service only)
13 Westoak Trails
18 Glen Abbey South
28 Glen Abbey North
33 Palermo (Peak Service only)
34 Pine Glen (Peak Service only)
References
External links
GO Transit railway stations
Buildings and structures in Oakville, Ontario
Rail transport in Oakville, Ontario
Year of establishment missing
Railway stations in the Regional Municipality of Halton
Railway stations in Canada opened in 1967 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimico%20GO%20Station | Mimico GO Station is a railway station in the GO Transit network located in the Etobicoke area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is a stop on the Lakeshore West line train service, serving the Mimico neighbourhood.
The small station building is situated north of the tracks on the east side of Royal York Road. The building is connected by a tunnel under the tracks and stairs to the platforms, which are therefore not wheelchair accessible. There is an additional bypass track which runs between the platforms and another two tracks on the south side, which access the Willowbrook Rail Maintenance Facility.
This station and Long Branch are the only two stations on the Lakeshore West line which are not fully accessible.
History
It was the building of the first railway in Ontario in the 1850s between Hamilton and Toronto through what would become the Town of Mimico that led to the first plan for a town at this location. A Mimico Station was built on the north side of the tracks just south of Mimico's Christ Church (the first church in Etobicoke) on the east side of Church St (Royal York) at the end of Windsor Street. This development meant the name Mimico became more associated with the area where the railway crossed the Mimico Creek to its station on Church St (Royal York) rather than the former Mimico at the Mimico Creek and the early Highway; Dundas. Nevertheless, the 1856 subdivision plan for Mimico largely failed and it was after the more successful 1890 plan for a Town at Mimico the 'old' Mimico Railway Station building, constructed by the Grand Trunk Railway was built in 1916 as well as the Windsor Hotel (Blue Goose Tavern). With the creation of the Government of Ontario's regional train GO service a new station was constructed on the site of the original 1856 Mimico Station, north of the tracks on the east side of Royal York just south of Christ Church. The 1916 Mimico Station deteriorated and was close to demolition when it was saved by community volunteers and moved to a new permanent location in Coronation Park at the northwest corner of Judson St and Royal York Rd in 2007. The building is now being restored with the intention of converting it into a local museum.
The current GO station was built in 1967 when GO train service first started along the line. A modernization project began in August 2013 and was completed by 2018. It included the expansion of the platforms to fit 12-car trains, an expanded parking area, a pedestrian tunnel to Manchester Street, and a new station building.
By April 2022, Metrolinx and Vandyk Properties had signed an agreement to build a new Mimico GO Station along with an adjacent Transit Oriented Community. The new station would feature:
A new, accessible main station building
A new secondary entrance building with tunnel access
300 underground parking spaces
Covered storage space for 96 bicycles
A plaza with a pick-up and drop-off area
A new station access path for pedestrians and cyclists
Connectin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickering%20GO%20Station | Pickering GO Station is a train and bus station in the GO Transit network located in Pickering, Ontario, Canada. It is a stop on the Lakeshore East line and was the eastern terminus from 1967 until 1990, when service was extended to Whitby and subsequently to Oshawa.
History
The previous Pickering station, which had been constructed by Grand Trunk Railway in the early 1900s, had been about 2 kilometres east of the current location at Liverpool Road. Plans for the original GO Transit Lakeshore line called for commuter train service not to go beyond Liverpool Road where the CN York Subdivision tracks joined the CN Kingston Subdivision, because this would interfere with freight trains. No practical site could be found, but there was a large field south of the tracks on the east side of Liverpool Road with more than enough space to accommodate a station building, bus terminal and car parking, with convenient access from Bayly Street. Installation of a new crossover before the overpass at Liverpool Road was required to get to an existing industrial track, so that GO Trains standing at the station platform would be off the main line.
When the station opened in 1967 it was a key transfer point between train and bus services.
In 1990 the single platform was supplement by two more platforms and tracks when GO Transit built a dedicated right-of-way on the north side of the Canadian National tracks. This was part of the project to expand Lakeshore East train service to Ajax and Whitby, and finally to a new terminus at the Oshawa Via Rail station in 1995.
Station layout
Platforms
Pickering has three platforms for trains, 1 and 2 which serve trains to Union and trains to Oshawa. Track 3, separated from the other tracks, is closest to the bus bays and station. Track 3 is the original track before the extension to Oshawa, which serves Express and Local trains to and from Union which terminate in Pickering.
Pedestrian bridge
The Pickering Pedestrian Bridge was opened in 2012 between the GO station on its south side of the tracks and Pickering Town Centre, a shopping centre with access to regional bus service on the bridge's north side. The enclosed bridge spans 6 railway tracks, the 14 lanes of Highway 401 and the two-lane Pickering Parkway, a municipal road. At night, the bridge is illuminated by 300 LED lights in rotating shades of lilac, purple, blue and teal making the bridge visible from overflying airplanes. The bridge has received the City of Pickering’s 2019 Urban Design Award and the 2019 Engineering News Record Global Best Projects Award. In 2021, the bridge became a Guinness World Record holder for the longest enclosed pedestrian bridge in the world. Exterior cladding of the bridge in a metallic mesh proved to be problematic during construction and, along with severe weather, delayed its completion.
Parking
, the station has three parking lots with respectively 585, 780 and 500 spaces plus a multi-level parking garage finished in 2013 or 201 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax%20GO%20Station | Ajax GO Station is a train and bus station in the GO Transit network located in Ajax, Ontario, Canada. It is a stop on the Lakeshore East line and on the Oshawa/Finch Express bus route. The train platforms lie along the south side of Highway 401 with access to the station from Westney Road at Fairall Street.
A multi-level parking structure opened in 2013.
Connecting bus service
The station is the Ajax hub for Durham Region Transit (DRT), with most routes timed to connect with GO Train services. DRT's West Operational Facility, originally built for Ajax Transit, is on the south side of the station.
Durham Region Transit routes
216 to Taunton Road via Harwood Avenue
216C to Audley Road via Harwood Avenue
224 to Harwood/Taunton via Salem Road
PULSE 915 to Harmony Terminal via Westney Road/Taunton Road
917 to Pickering Parkway Terminal (west) & Oshawa Centre Terminal (east)
GO Transit routes
90 - Oshawa/Union Station Bus Terminal (early morning/late night bus)
96 - Oshawa/Finch Express Bus
References
External links
Ajax GO Station construction at GO Transit
GO Transit railway stations
Railway stations in the Regional Municipality of Durham
Rail transport in Ajax, Ontario
Railway stations in Canada opened in 1988
1988 establishments in Ontario |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitby%20GO%20Station | Whitby GO Station is a train and bus station in the GO Transit network in Whitby, Ontario, Canada. It is a stop on the Lakeshore East line and was the eastern terminus of the dedicated GO Transit right-of-way until those tracks were extended to Oshawa in 1995. There are connections by GO Bus northward to Port Perry and Beaverton, and local Durham Region Transit routes within Whitby.
Station layout
The station is west of Brock Street on the south side of Highway 401. The main station building and bus terminal are on the north side of the railway with the island train platform between the two GO Train tracks connected by tunnels. Facilities inside the station building include the ticket agent, waiting room, and public washroom. The bus loop is north-east of the building, and the passenger pick-up/drop-off area is directly in front.
There are about three thousand parking spaces available, and carpool parking is permitted. The majority of the parking, including a multi-storey parking structure, is on the south side across the CN freight tracks and can be reached by a pedestrian bridge.
History
The Whitby Junction Station was built by the Grand Trunk Railway in 1903, at the foot of Byron Street near where the current GO Station is. It closed in 1969, and in 1971 the building was moved; first to the north-east corner of Victoria Street and Henry Street for use as an art gallery, and then in 2005 relocated across the street into Whitby Iroquois Park at the north-west corner of the intersection.
The southerly terminus of the Whitby, Port Perry and Lindsay Railway was at the harbour in Whitby, and that line linked with the Grand Trunk Railway a short distance east of the station.
Connecting buses
GO Bus
90 - Lakeshore East Bus (night-time only)
96 - Oshawa/Finch Express Bus
Durham Region Transit
302 to North Campus Terminal
302B to Anderson Road/Duggan Avenue (rush-hour only)
905A to Harmony Terminal
905C to Uxbridge via Port Perry
917 to Pickering Parkway Terminal (west), Oshawa Centre Terminal (east)
917Z to Toronto Zoo (west), Oshawa Centre Terminal (east)
392 to Ontario Shores
Long-distance buses
Megabus: Toronto - Montreal
See also
Whitby Rail Maintenance Facility, a nearby GO Transit rail facility
References
External links
GO Transit railway stations
Railway stations in Whitby, Ontario
Railway stations in Canada opened in 1988
1988 establishments in Ontario |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zobrist%20hashing | Zobrist hashing (also referred to as Zobrist keys or Zobrist signatures ) is a hash function construction used in computer programs that play abstract board games, such as chess and Go, to implement transposition tables, a special kind of hash table that is indexed by a board position and used to avoid analyzing the same position more than once. Zobrist hashing is named for its inventor, Albert Lindsey Zobrist. It has also been applied as a method for recognizing substitutional alloy configurations in simulations of crystalline materials. Zobrist hashing is the first known instance of the generally useful underlying technique called tabulation hashing.
Calculation of the hash value
Zobrist hashing starts by randomly generating bitstrings for each possible element of a board game, i.e. for each combination of a piece and a position (in the game of chess, that's 12 pieces × 64 board positions, or 18 × 64 if kings and rooks that may still castle, and pawns that may capture en passant, are treated separately for both colors). Now any board configuration can be broken up into independent piece/position components, which are mapped to the random bitstrings generated earlier. The final Zobrist hash is computed by combining those bitstrings using bitwise XOR. Example pseudocode for the game of chess:
constant indices
white_pawn := 1
white_rook := 2
# etc.
black_king := 12
function init_zobrist():
# fill a table of random numbers/bitstrings
table := a 2-d array of size 64×12
for i from 1 to 64: # loop over the board, represented as a linear array
for j from 1 to 12: # loop over the pieces
table[i][j] := random_bitstring()
table.black_to_move = random_bitstring()
function hash(board):
h := 0
if is_black_turn(board):
h := h XOR table.black_to_move
for i from 1 to 64: # loop over the board positions
if board[i] ≠ empty:
j := the piece at board[i], as listed in the constant indices, above
h := h XOR table[i][j]
return h
Use of the hash value
If the bitstrings are long enough, different board positions will almost certainly hash to different values; however longer bitstrings require proportionally more computer resources to manipulate. The most commonly used bitstring (key) length is 64 bits. Many game engines store only the hash values in the transposition table, omitting the position information itself entirely to reduce memory usage, and assuming that hash collisions will not occur, or will not greatly influence the results of the table if they do.
Zobrist hashing is the first known instance of tabulation hashing. The result is a 3-wise independent hash family. In particular, it is strongly universal.
As an example, in chess, at any one time each of the 64 squares can at any time be empty, or contain one of the 6 game pieces, which are either black or white. Also, it can be either black's turn to play or whi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris%20Babayan | Boris Artashesovich Babayan (; ; born Baku, 20 December 1933) is a Soviet and Russian computer scientist of Armenian descent, notable as the pioneering creator of supercomputers in the former Soviet Union and Russia.
Biography
Babayan was born in Baku, Soviet Union to an Armenian family. He graduated from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology in 1957. He completed his Ph.D. in 1964 and his doctorate of science in 1971.
From 1956 to 1996, Babayan worked in the Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering, where he eventually became chief of the hardware and software division. Babayan and his team built their first computers during the 1950s. In the 1970s, being one of 15 deputies of chief architect V. S. Burtsev, he worked on the first superscalar computer, the Elbrus-1 and programming language Эль-76. Using these computers in 1978, ten years before commercial applications appeared in the West, the Soviet Union developed its missile systems and its nuclear and space programs.
A team headed by Babayan designed Elbrus-3 computer using an architecture named Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC).
From 1992 to 2004, Babayan held senior positions in the Moscow Center for SPARC Technology (MCST) and Elbrus International. In these roles he led the development of Elbrus 2000 (single-chip implementation of Elbrus-3) and Elbrus90micro (SPARC computer based on domestically developed microprocessor) projects.
Since August 2004, Babayan is the Director of Architecture for the Software and Solutions Group in Intel Corporation and scientific advisor of the Intel R&D center in Moscow. He leads efforts in such areas as compilers, binary translation and security technologies. He became the second European holding the Intel Fellow title (after Norwegian, Tryggve Fossum).
Babayan was awarded the two highest honors in the former Soviet Union: the USSR State Prize for his achievements in 1974 in the field of computer-aided design, and the Lenin Prize in 1987 for the Elbrus-2 supercomputer design. Since 1984, he has been a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (later - Russian Academy of Sciences). , he serves as a professor at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and holds the Microprocessor Technology chair in Moscow based R&D center of Intel Corporation.
References
External links
Biography
Elbrus E2K
Boris A. Babayan Intel Fellow, Software and Solutions Group. Director, Architecture
Brief biography (in Russian)
Babayan receives Intel Fellow title (in Russian)
The Elbrus-2: a Soviet-era high performance computer – history of the Elbrus project with an 18-minute video interview from the Computer History Museum oral history collection
1933 births
Living people
Engineers from Baku
Computer designers
Intel people
Armenian inventors
Armenian scientists
Russian computer scientists
Russian inventors
Soviet computer scientists
Russian scientists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances%20O%27Connor | Frances Ann O'Connor (born 12 June 1967) is a British–born Australian actress and director. She is best known for her roles in the films Mansfield Park, Bedazzled, A.I. Artificial Intelligence, The Importance of Being Earnest, and Timeline. O'Connor won an AACTA Award for her performance in Blessed, and also earned two Golden Globe Award nominations for her performances in Madame Bovary and The Missing. In 2022, her debut feature as writer and director, Emily was released.
Early life
O'Connor was born in Wantage, at the time part of Berkshire, England, to a pianist mother and nuclear physicist father; her family moved to Perth, Western Australia, when she was two years old. She is the middle of five children, with one older brother, one older sister, and two younger sisters. O'Connor was raised Roman Catholic, and attended the Mercedes College in Perth. She then went on to attend the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in literature from Curtin University in Western Australia.
Career
O'Connor made her film debut in Emma-Kate Croghan's critically acclaimed independent romantic comedy Love and Other Catastrophes (1996). She received her first AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role nomination for her performance in the film. In 1997, she had the leading role in Kiss or Kill, and starred opposite Cate Blanchett and Richard Roxburgh in Thank God He Met Lizzie. In 1999, O'Connor starred as Fanny Price in the British romantic comedy-drama Mansfield Park. The film also received favourable reviews from critics. The following year, O'Connor earned a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Emma Bovary in the film Madame Bovary.
In 2000, O'Connor began her career in Hollywood with a role in the comedy film Bedazzled, a remake of the 1967 film of the same name. She starred opposite Brendan Fraser and Elizabeth Hurley. The following year, she had a leading role in the Steven Spielberg science fiction drama A.I. Artificial Intelligence. She was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actress for her performance in the film. In 2002, she starred alongside Rupert Everett, Colin Firth, and Judi Dench in the romantic comedy-drama The Importance of Being Earnest, directed by Oliver Parker and based on Oscar Wilde's classic play. In 2003, O'Connor starred opposite Paul Walker in the science fiction film Timeline, which bombed at the box office.
In 2004, O'Connor returned to independent films and starred in Iron Jawed Angels with Hilary Swank, Julia Ormond, and Anjelica Huston. She received two more AACTA Award for Best Actress nominations for Three Dollars (2005) and The Hunter. In 2008, she starred in the short-lived ABC comedy-drama series Cashmere Mafia opposite Lucy Liu, Miranda Otto, and Bonnie Somerville. In 2009, she won an AACTA Award for Best Actress for her performance in Blessed. She later appeared in Jayne Mansfield's Car, Little Red Wagon, and The Truth About Emanuel. In 2011, O'Connor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea%20Computer%20Center |
The Korea Computer Center (KCC) is the North Korean government information technology research center. It was founded on 24 October 1990. KCC, which administered the .kp country code top-level domain until 2011, employs more than 1,000 people.
KCC operates eight development and production centers, as well as eleven regional information centers. It runs the KCC Information Technology College and its Information Technology Institute. The KCC has branch offices in China, Germany, Syria and the United Arab Emirates. It has an interest in Linux research and started the development of the Red Star OS distribution localised for North Korea.
KCC is a part of the political establishment and not entirely an IT company per se. Its technological state and general modernity are seen as lagging well behind the rest of the world, even with the general zeitgeist in North Korea. For example, the .kp ccTLD was registered in 2007, but KCC did not manage to get a working registry for three years, despite the support of a European company. KCC has still not implemented a working ccTLD infrastructure, something the North Korean government has had as a goal for several years.
While KCC mainly works on projects within North Korea, it has since 2001 served clients in Europe, China, South Korea, Japan, and the Middle East. It operates Naenara, North Korea's official web portal.
Nosotek is another North Korean IT venture company that develops computer games; two of them were published by News Corporation. Another such company is the Pyongyang Information Center.
In early 2015, the KCC was reorganized, with all functions not related to the development of Red Star OS being transferred to other entities.
Products
"Sam heug" search engine
"Naenara" web browser
"Chosun Jang-Gi", a computer game
Kwangmyong, North Korea's closed national intranet
"Korean Dishes" (Chosŏn ryori), a food-related website
"Hana", a Korean language input method editor
"Koryo", English-Korean/Korean-English translation software using an electronic pen
"Nunbora", a Korean language voice recognition software
"Pulgunbyol" (Red Star OS), a Linux distribution
"Cyber Friend", a video conference system
"Cyber Star", an electronic education system
"SilverStar Paduk", a Go computer game
"HMS Player", a media player
Samjiyon tablet
See also
Internet in North Korea
Economy of North Korea
References
External links
Korea Computer Centre
Government agencies of North Korea
Information technology in North Korea
Computer science institutes
Research institutes in North Korea
1990 establishments in North Korea
Information technology research institutes
Computer companies of North Korea |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20Linder | Milton Alexander Linder (born June 30, 1966) is an American white supremacist. He is the founder and editor of the Vanguard News Network (VNN), an antisemitic and white supremacist website and forum described by the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) as "one of the most active white supremacist sites on the Internet."
Linder is a former member of National Alliance, a political organisation considered by the Southern Poverty Law Center as "the country's most active and important neo-Nazi group" in the United States when he joined it.
Background
Linder was born and raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and graduated with a bachelor's degree from Pomona College in Claremont, California, in 1988, then worked as a researcher for CNN on the Evans & Novak political show, and then at The American Spectator.
Criminal record
On May 26, 2007, Linder organized what has been described as a "racially charged protest" linked to the Channon Christian and Christopher Newsom murder case in Knoxville, Tennessee, that attracted 30 supporters, around 60 counterprotesters, and 300 law enforcement officers. Linder fought with police and was the only person arrested. He was charged with disorderly conduct, resisting arrest, vandalism, and assault on a police officer. He was placed on six months probation and ordered to pay restitution to the police officer whom he assaulted.
Political life
Linder is an ex-member of the National Alliance, a Holocaust denier, white separatist, neo-Nazi, and white nationalist group. He left after deciding to allow criticism of the National Alliance to appear on the VNN forums.
The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) reported that Linder announced in January 2005 his intention to establish the White Freedom Party, stating it was "America's first political party advocating Aryan interests and specifically naming the Jew as the agent of white genocide and greatest obstacle to our people's self-preservation as a distinct and protected people." It threatened to "WAGE NONSTOP WAR on the Jews, coloreds, and mainstream sellouts". Lacking financial backing, the "White Freedom Party" is currently dormant.
The Aryan Alternative
In 2004, Linder began publishing a tabloid newspaper called The Aryan Alternative. Four issues were published as of July 2010—the first issue was published in mid-2004. The most recent issue, July 2010 (#4), was published in mid-2009. The newspaper is distributed for free, but donations for it are solicited online.
In articles he has written for The Aryan Alternative newspaper, Linder claims that Jews have been and are consciously engaged in a conspiracy that is implementing a systematic program of genocide to exterminate the Aryan race.
References
External links
Southern Poverty Law Center Profile
1966 births
Living people
Alt-right activists
Alt-right writers
American conspiracy theorists
American neo-Nazis convicted of crimes
American people of Swiss-German descent
Pomona College alumni
Activists from Missouri |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerva%20%28QDOS%20reimplementation%29 | Minerva is a reimplementation of Sinclair QDOS, the built-in operating system of the Sinclair QL line of personal computers. Written by Laurence Reeves in England, Minerva incorporates many bug fixes and enhancements to both QDOS and the SuperBASIC programming language. Later versions also provide the ability to multi-task several instances of the SuperBASIC interpreter, something not supported by QDOS.
Minerva was distributed as a ROM chip on a daughterboard which replaces the QL's original ROM chips. A Minerva Mk. II daughterboard also incorporates an I²C interface and non-volatile real-time clock. As of version 1.89, the Minerva source code is licensed under the GNU General Public License.
Other reimplementations of QDOS include SMS2 and SMSQ/E.
External links
Laurence Reeves' page, includes complete Minerva source code
TF Services Minerva page
Discontinued operating systems
Free software operating systems
Sinclair Research |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNY | PNY or pny may refer to:
PNY Technologies, an American manufacturer of computer components
PNY, an alternative name of Beta-amyrin synthase, an enzyme
PNY, the IATA airport code for the Pondicherry Airport
pny, the ISO 639-3 code for the Pinyin language |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NewLISP | newLISP is a scripting language which is a dialect of the Lisp family of programming languages. It was designed and developed by Lutz Mueller. Because of its small resource requirements, newLISP is excellent for embedded systems applications. Most of the functions you will ever need are already built in. This includes networking functions, support for distributed and multicore processing, and Bayesian statistics. newLISP is free and open-source software released under the GNU General Public License, version 3 or later.
History
newLISP design is influenced by the two main Lisp dialects, Common Lisp and Scheme, and by other languages like Pascal and C. newLISP originated in 1991 and was originally developed on a Sun-4 workstation. It later moved to Windows 3.0, where version 1.3 was released on CompuServe around 1993, then became available as a Windows graphical user interface (GUI) graphics-capable application and a DOS console application (both 16-bit). In 1995, with the release of Windows 95, newLISP moved to 32-bit.
In April 1999, newLISP was ported to Linux; some of its core algorithms were rewritten, and all Windows-specific code removed. newLISP was released as an open-source software project licensed under the GPL, and development on Windows stopped after version 6.0.25. During the first half of 2001, newLISP was ported back to Windows on the Cygwin platform without graphics abilities. In the second half of 2001, a cross-platform Tcl/Tk frontend named newLISP-tk was released around version 6.3.0. In 2006, 64-bit precision was introduced for integer arithmetic and for some operations on files in version 9.0.
Since the release of 6.5 in mid-2002, development has been very active, and many new features have been added.
Philosophy
newLISP attempts to provide a fast, powerful, cross-platform, full-featured scripting version of the language Lisp while using only a modest system resources such as data storage (e.g., disk space) and memory.
It provides Lisp features such as lists, symbol processing, function mapping, anonymous functions (lambda expressions), s-expressions (excluding improper lists), and macros. It also provides the functions expected of a modern scripting language, including supporting regular expressions, XML, Unicode (UTF-8), networking via Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), Internet Protocol (IP), and User Datagram Protocol (UDP), matrix and array processing, advanced math, statistics and Bayesian statistical analysis, mathematical finance, and distributed computing.
newLISP runs on the operating systems Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), Linux, macOS, Solaris, and Windows. It supports MYSQL, SQLite and ODBC database access, Common Gateway Interface (CGI), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Post Office Protocol (POP) 3, File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and XML remote procedure call (XML-RPC). It can run in server mode as a daemon.
Language features
Contexts
newLISP supports namespaces termed contexts, which can be as |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEAC%20%28computer%29 | SEAC (Standards Eastern Automatic Computer or Standards Electronic Automatic Computer) was a first-generation electronic computer, built in 1950 by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (NBS) and was initially called the National Bureau of Standards Interim Computer, because it was a small-scale computer designed to be built quickly and put into operation while the NBS waited for more powerful computers to be completed (the DYSEAC). The team that developed SEAC was organized by Samuel N. Alexander. SEAC was demonstrated in April 1950 and was dedicated in June 1950; it is claimed to be the first fully operational stored-program electronic computer in the US.
Description
Based on EDVAC, SEAC used only 747 vacuum tubes (a small number for the time) eventually expanded to 1,500 tubes. It had 10,500 germanium diodes which performed all of the logic functions (see the article diode–transistor logic for the working principles of diode logic), later expanded to 16,000 diodes. It was the first computer to do most of its logic with solid-state devices. The tubes were used for amplification, inversion and storing information in dynamic flip-flops.
The machine used 64 acoustic delay lines to store 512 words of memory, with each word being 45 bits in size. The clock rate was kept low (1 MHz).
The computer's instruction set consisted of only 11 types of instructions: fixed-point addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division; comparison, and input & output. It eventually expanded to 16 instructions.
The addition time was 864 microseconds and the multiplication time was 2,980 microseconds (i.e. close to 3 milliseconds).
Weight: (central machine).
Applications
On some occasions SEAC was used by a remote teletype. This makes it one of the first computers to be used remotely. With many modifications, it was used until 1964. Some of the problems run on it dealt with:
digital imaging, led by Russell A. Kirsch
computer animation of the city traffic simulation
meteorology
linear programming
optical lenses
a program for Los Alamos National Laboratory
tables for LORAN navigation
statistical sampling plans
wave function of the helium atom
designing a proton synchrotron
See also
SWAC (Standards Western Automatic Computer)
List of vacuum-tube computers
Manchester Baby
References
Williams, Michael R. (1997). A History of Computing Technology. IEEE Computer Society.
Metropolis, N; Howlett, J.; Rota, Gian-Carlo (editors) (1980). A History of Computing in the Twentieth Century. Academic Press. (The chapter "Memories of the Bureau of Standards' SEAC", by Ralph J. Slutz.)
Astin, A. V. (1955), Computer Development (SEAC and DYSEAC) at the National Bureau of Standards, Washington D.C., National Bureau of Standards Circular 551, Issued January 25, 1955, U.S. Government Printing Office. Includes several papers describing SEAC, its technical details, and its operation. In particular, see "SEAC", by S. Greenwald, S. N. Alexander, and Ruth C. Hauete |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSG%20Network | The MSG Network (MSG) is an American regional cable and satellite television network, and radio service owned by MSG Entertainment, Inc.—a spin-off of the main Madison Square Garden Company operation (itself a spin-off of local cable provider Cablevision).
Primarily serving the Mid-Atlantic United States, its programming focuses on events featuring and other programs about New York City sports teams, including live game broadcasts of the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association, and the New York Rangers, New York Islanders, Buffalo Sabres, and New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League. The channel is named after the Madison Square Garden sports and entertainment venue in Midtown Manhattan, home of the Knicks and Rangers.
History
What would become MSG debuted on October 15, 1969, with an NHL hockey game between the New York Rangers and the Minnesota North Stars. As a result, it became the first regional sports network in North America, and one of the first of its kind in the world. The channel, which at the time did not even have a name, was carried by Manhattan Cable Television under a one-year, 125-event deal that was signed in May 1969. At the time, the cable provider, which had televised New York Knicks and Rangers post-season games the previous spring for a $25,000 rights fee, had only 13,000 subscribers. (The channel's coverage of the deciding game of the 1970 NBA Finals, in which the Knicks beat the Los Angeles Lakers, was the only live broadcast of the game shown in New York City; WABC-TV blacked out ABC's telecast.) Madison Square Garden renewed the deal with what was now Sterling Manhattan Cable Television in the fall of 1970, in a five-year deal at an estimated rights fee of $1–1.5 million. Charles Dolan, who later headed MSG and Cablevision, was the president of Sterling Manhattan at the time. Games held at Madison Square Garden later appeared on another of Sterling Manhattan Cable's ventures, premium cable network Home Box Office (HBO) during the network's early years.
In the meantime, an unrelated channel was launched on September 22, 1977 as a joint-venture of UA-Columbia Cablevision and the Madison Square Garden Corporation, and would brand itself the "Madison Square Garden Sports Network" in 1978 before the Sterling Manhattan Cable channel could use the name. The competitor would change its name in 1980 to the USA Network.
In 1977, the Madison Square Garden Corp, which included its namesake sports arena was sold to Gulf+Western. Around the same time, a separate network was created by the Madison Square Garden Corp. to distribute 125 events to New York-area cable systems. These events were in addition to the 250 already being produced for the national distribution. It was this network which became known as Madison Square Garden Television that would evolve into the current MSG Network.
On April 9, 1980, the channel began using both the full name "Madison Square Garden Network" and its new abbreviated form |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20Warrior | "Computer Warrior" (initially "The Ultimate Warrior") is a British comic strip, appearing in titles published by IPC Magazines. The story was published in the anthology Eagle from 6 April 1985 to January 1994, initially written by John Wagner and drawn by John Cooper. The story followed the eponymous Computer Warrior - a video game expert called Bobby Patterson, who gained the ability to enter computer games. Both fictional and real games were featured in the story, which ran until Eagle was cancelled in 1994.
Creation
In April 1985, Eagle incorporated sister title Tiger. As well as continuing selected strips from both Eagle and Tiger, as was customary for merged IPC titles Eagle and Tiger would also feature a brand-new story. This was "The Ultimate Warrior", devised by John Wagner - a prolific contributor to IPC comics in general (most notably as co-creator of 2000 AD's Judge Dredd and the relaunched Eagle in particular - and his writing partner Alan Grant. While the pair worked together on the concept, only Wagner would submit the scripts. The initial four-part story was written by the experienced John Cooper, who had worked with Wagner on Valiant story "One-Eyed Jack".
Grant could not recall if he and Wagner had seen the similarly-themed 1982 film Tron; he liked the format of the strip, noting "something similar could still be successful today" and noting it as having an inverse concept to TV series Ace Lightning, which he also wrote for.
Publishing history
Due to the sheer number of scripts Wagner and Grant submitted to IPC, editorial director John Sanders insisted the pair use pen names for much of their work; as such the story was initially credited to 'D. Spence', which Wagner had previously used for boxing strip "The Fists of Danny Pyke".
The first four-part story featured a fictional game created by Wagner and Cooper called Zyklon Invasion, but from 4 May 1984 it was renamed "The Computer Warrior" and began mainly featuring real-life games sent in by manufacturers, with Commodore sending the pair a console and a selection of games. However, Wagner and Grant proved to be poor at playing the games and eventually had to request they were sent videos of gameplay. Many of the games featured were featured in parallel competitions and other promotions in Eagle alongside the strip.
The strip proved popular with readers, and would run until Eagle itself was cancelled at the start of 1994, a record only matched by Dan Dare. Brian Waddle contributed some scripts in 1987, while in 1990 Wagner was credited under another pseudonym, 'R. Clark', for a few months before James Nicholas took over as writer from August 1990 (aside from a single fill-in episode by Tom Tully). Ian Kennedy, Mike Western, Robin Smith, Mike Dorey and Dave D'Antiques were among those to draw the series.
The Eagle became a monthly comic in the early nineties; "Computer Warrior" and "Dan Dare" became the only strips that weren't reprints. The comic eventually ceased producti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markus%20Hess | Markus Hess is a German hacker who was active in the 1980s. Alongside Dirk Brzezinski and Peter Carl, Hess hacked into networks of military and industrial computers based in the United States, Europe and East Asia, and sold the information to the Soviet KGB for US$54,000. During his time working for the KGB, Hess is estimated to have broken into 400 U.S. military computers. The hacked material included "sensitive semiconductor, satellite, space, and aircraft technologies".
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
Hess's hacking activities were discovered in 1986 by Clifford Stoll, an astronomer turned system administrator of the computer center of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) in California. Stoll's first job duty was to track a 75-cent accounting error in the LBL system. Early in his investigation, Stoll discovered that the LBL computer system was compromised and that the hacker had obtained root, or system privileges. Such a security compromise was more important than the accounting error. Stoll eventually discovered how the hacker broke in and identified the hacker's activities on the system. LBL management considered attempting to seal off the system from this hacker, but Stoll and his colleagues convinced LBL's management that this would not be effective. Ultimately, they installed a honeypot to ensnare the hacker.
Getting in
Hess' initial activities started at the University of Bremen in Germany through the German Datex-P network via satellite link or transatlantic cable to the Tymnet International Gateway. Tymnet was a "gateway" service that a user called into that routed them to any one of a number of computer systems that also used the service. Tymnet was one of a number of services available that provided local telephone numbers, where directly accessing the computer would have been a long-distance call. Users normally used packet switching services like Tymnet for their lower costs. Once he accessed Tymnet, Hess branched out to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, and to the Tymnet Switching System. It was through this switching system that he accessed the LBL computers.
Hess was able to attack 400 U.S. military computers by using LBL to "piggyback" to ARPANET and MILNET. ARPANET was a civilian wide area network created by the Department of Defense, which would later become what is now known as the Internet. MILNET was its military counterpart.
Targets
The facilities that Hess breached included:
SRI International — Menlo Park, California, U.S.
U.S. Army Darcom — Seckenheim, West Germany
Fort Buckner, Camp Foster — Okinawa Prefecture, Japan
U.S. Army 24th Infantry — Fort Stewart, Georgia, U.S.
U.S. Navy Coastal Systems Computer — Panama City, Florida, U.S.
U.S. Air Force — Ramstein Air Base, West Germany
Massachusetts Institute of Technology MX Computer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.
OPTIMIS Database — The Pentagon, U.S.
United States Air Force Systems Command — El Segundo, California, U.S.
Anniston Army |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWAC%20%28computer%29 | The SWAC (Standards Western Automatic Computer) was an early electronic digital computer built in 1950 by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in Los Angeles, California. It was designed by Harry Huskey.
Overview
Like the SEAC which was built about the same time, the SWAC was a small-scale interim computer designed to be built quickly and put into operation while the NBS waited for more powerful computers to be completed (in particular, the RAYDAC by Raytheon).
The machine used 2,300 vacuum tubes. It had 256 words of memory, using Williams tubes, with each word being 37 bits. It had only seven basic operations: add, subtract, and fixed-point multiply; comparison, data extraction, input and output. Several years later, drum memory was added.
When the SWAC was completed in August 1950, it was the fastest computer in the world. It continued to hold that status until the IAS computer was completed a year later. It could add two numbers and store the result in 64 microseconds. A similar multiplication took 384 microseconds. It was used by the NBS until 1954 when the Los Angeles office was closed, and then by UCLA until 1967 (with modifications). It was charged out there for $40 per hour.
In January 1952, Raphael M. Robinson used the SWAC to discover five Mersenne primes—the largest prime numbers known at the time, with 157, 183, 386, 664 and 687 digits.
Additionally, the SWAC was vital in doing the intense calculation required for the X-ray analysis of the structure of vitamin B12 done by Dorothy Hodgkin. This was fundamental in Hodgkin receiving the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964.
See also
List of vacuum tube computers
References
Williams, Michael R. (1997). A History of Computing Technology. IEEE Computer Society.
Further reading
External links
IEEE Transcript: SWAC—Standards Western Automatic Computer: The Pioneer Day Session at NCC July 1978
Oral history interview with Alexandra Forsythe, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota. Alexandra Illmer Forsythe discusses the career of her husband, George Forsythe. At UCLA he became involved with the National Bureau of Standards Western Automatic Computer (SWAC) until 1957, when the National Bureau of Standards closed its operation at UCLA. Also discusses his founding of the Stanford Computer Science Department.
Margaret R. Fox Papers, 1935-1976, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota. collection contains reports, including the original report on the ENIAC, UNIVAC, and many early in-house National Bureau of Standards (NBS) activity reports; memoranda on and histories of SEAC, SWAC, and DYSEAC; programming instructions for the UNIVAC, LARC, and MIDAC; patent evaluations and disclosures relevant to computers; system descriptions; speeches and articles written by Margaret Fox's colleagues; and correspondence of Samuel Alexander, Margaret Fox, and Samuel Williams.
MERSENNE AND FERMAT NUMBERS by RAPHAEL M. ROBINSON. February 7, 1954. From "The Prime Pages |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tio%20Gamboin | Tío Gamboín (born Ramiro Gamboa) was a popular Mexican television host. He is mostly remembered for presenting Televisa's cartoon programming on Canal 5 on weekday evenings, where he would read letters from fans and display a collection of different mechanical figurines, some of which became famous in their own right. Fans who wished to join Gamboin's club would become his "nieces and nephews" and accordingly, Gamboín would become their "uncle" or Tío, hence the moniker "Tío Gamboín".
Gamboin, Tio
Possibly living people
Year of birth missing
Place of birth missing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimized%20Systems%20Software | Optimized Systems Software (OSS) was a company that produced disk operating systems, programming languages with integrated development environments, and applications primarily for the Atari 8-bit family of home computers. OSS was best known for their enhanced versions of Atari DOS (OS A+, then DOS XL), Atari BASIC (first BASIC A+, then BASIC XL, and BASIC XE), and the Atari Assembler Editor (EASMD, then MAC/65), all of which were substantially improved over Atari's products, as well as the Action! programming language. OSS also sold some software for the Apple II.
OSS transitioned to 16-bit platforms with Personal Pascal for the Atari ST and Personal Prolog for Macintosh (which was also advertised for the Atari ST, but may not have been released). OSS was not as significant in those markets.
History
Optimized Systems Software was formed in early 1981 by Bill Wilkinson, Mike Peters, Paul Laughton, and Kathleen O'Brien. Laughton, the primary author of Atari BASIC, was still employed by Atari, Inc. at the time, and had permission to be involved with OSS from his manager. O'Brien wrote the Atari Assembler Editor for Atari. Laughton and O'Brien (married) were not as involved with the company and were bought out by Peters and Wilkinson.
OSS purchased Atari BASIC, Atari DOS, and the Atari Assembler Editor products from Shepardson Microsystems who had concluded that their BASIC and DOS products were not viable. The new company enhanced the programs, renaming them OS/A+ (the Disk Operating System), BASIC A+ (a disk-based language), and EASMD (an update to the Assembler Editor). OSS continued to work with Atari (who had previously contracted with SMI) on enhanced products, most of which never reached the market.
OSS debuted at the West Coast Computer Faire in March 1981. The products they released over the next several years became respected among Atari programmers, particularly the MAC/65 assembler, the Action! programming language, and BASIC XL. In a 1984 interview, Bill Wilkinson said the company consisted of 15 people.
In January 1988, OSS merged with ICD (the makers of SpartaDOS and various Atari computer hardware add-ons). In 1994, Fine Tooned Engineering obtained limited rights to ICD's 8-bit products before disappearing.
Disk Operating Systems
OS/A+
Atari DOS 2.0S consisted of two portions, a memory-resident portion that facilitated access to disk files by programs, and a disk-resident portion providing menu-driven utilities to format, copy, delete, rename, and otherwise manipulate files on Atari's 810 disk drive. The menu system was too large to keep memory-resident, but the necessity to reload the menu system after every program was frustrating to many users.
OS/A+ 2.0, 2.1 was a disk-based replacement for the Atari DOS and the Apple II DOS. It replaced the menu-driven utilities with a compact command line approach similar to CP/M (and later, MS-DOS). The command line was small enough to remain in memory with most applications, remov |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Themes%20in%20Blade%20Runner | Despite the initial appearance of an action film, Blade Runner operates on an unusually rich number of dramatic levels. As with much of the cyberpunk genre, it owes a large debt to film noir, containing and exploring such conventions as the femme fatale, a Chandleresque first-person narration in the Theatrical Version, the questionable moral outlook of the hero—extended here to include even the literal humanity of the hero, as well as the usual dark and shadowy cinematography.
Overview
It has been argued that Blade Runner thematically enfolds moral philosophy and philosophy of mind implications of the increasing human mastery of genetic engineering, within the context of classical Greek drama and its notions of hubris—and linguistically, drawing on the poetry of William Blake and the Bible. This is a theme subtly reiterated by the chess game between J. F. Sebastian and Tyrell based on the famous Immortal Game of 1851 symbolizing the struggle against mortality imposed by God. The Blade Runner FAQ offers further interpretation of the chess game, saying that it "represents the struggle of the replicants against the humans: the humans consider the replicants pawns, to be removed one by one. The individual replicants (pawns) are attempting to become immortal (a queen). At another level, the game between Tyrell and Sebastian represents Batty stalking Tyrell. Tyrell makes a fatal mistake in the chess game, and another fatal mistake trying to reason with Batty."
The film delves into the future implications of technology on the environment and society by reaching into the past using literature, religious symbolism, classical dramatic themes and film noir. This tension between past, present and future is apparent in the retrofitted future of Blade Runner, which is high-tech and gleaming in places but elsewhere decayed and old.
A high level of paranoia is present throughout the film with the visual manifestation of corporate power, omnipresent police, probing lights; and in the power over the individual represented particularly by genetic programming of the replicants. Control over the environment is seen on a large scale but also with how animals are created as mere commodities. This oppressive backdrop clarifies why many people are going to the off-world colonies, which clearly parallels the migration to the Americas. The popular 1980s prediction of the United States being economically surpassed by Japan is reflected in the domination of Japanese culture and corporations in the advertising of LA 2019. The film also makes extensive use of eyes and manipulated images to call into question reality and our ability to perceive it.
This provides an atmosphere of uncertainty for Blade Runner's central theme of examining humanity. In order to discover replicants, a psychological test is used with a number of questions intended to provoke emotion; making it the essential indicator of someone's "humanity". The replicants are juxtaposed with human characters who |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone%20network | A telephone network is a telecommunications network that connects telephones, which allows telephone calls between two or more parties, as well as newer features such as fax and internet. The idea was revolutionized in the 1920s, as more and more people purchased telephones and used them to communicate news, ideas, and personal information. During the 1990s, it was further revolutionized by the advent of computers and other sophisticated communication devices, and with the use of dial-up internet.
There are a number of different types of telephone network:
A landline network where the telephones must be directly wired into a single telephone exchange. This is known as the public switched telephone network or PSTN.
A wireless network where the telephones are mobile and can move around anywhere within the coverage area.
A private network where a closed group of telephones are connected primarily to each other and use a gateway to reach the outside world. This is usually used inside companies and call centres and is called a private branch exchange (PBX).
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
Public telephone operators (PTOs) own and build networks of the first two types and provide services to the public under license from the national government. Virtual Network Operators (VNOs) lease capacity wholesale from the PTOs and sell on telephony service to the public directly.
See also
Telephone service (disambiguation)
References
Telecommunications infrastructure |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20Gillies | Donald Gillies may refer to:
Donald B. Gillies (1928–1975), mathematician and computer scientist
Donald A. Gillies (born 1944), historian of mathematics
Donnie Gillies (born 1951), Scottish footballer
See also
Donald Gillis (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuple%20space | A tuple space is an implementation of the associative memory paradigm for parallel/distributed computing. It provides a repository of tuples that can be accessed concurrently. As an illustrative example, consider that there are a group of processors that produce pieces of data and a group of processors that use the data. Producers post their data as tuples in the space, and the consumers then retrieve data from the space that match a certain pattern. This is also known as the blackboard metaphor. Tuple space may be thought as a form of distributed shared memory.
Tuple spaces were the theoretical underpinning of the Linda language developed by David Gelernter and Nicholas Carriero at Yale University in 1986.
Implementations of tuple spaces have also been developed for Java (JavaSpaces), Lisp, Lua, Prolog, Python, Ruby, Smalltalk, Tcl, and the .NET Framework.
Object Spaces
Object Spaces is a paradigm for development of distributed computing applications. It is characterized by the existence of logical entities, called Object Spaces. All the participants of the distributed application share an Object Space. A provider of a service encapsulates the service as an Object, and puts it in the Object Space. Clients of a service then access the Object Space, find out which object provides the needed service, and have the request serviced by the object.
Object Spaces, as a computing paradigm, was put forward in the 1980s by David Gelernter at Yale University. Gelernter developed a language called Linda to support the concept of global object coordination.
Object Space can be thought of as a virtual repository, shared amongst providers and accessors of network services, which are themselves abstracted as objects. Processes communicate among each other using these shared objects — by updating the state of the objects as and when needed.
An object, when deposited into a space, needs to be registered with an Object Directory in the Object Space. Any processes can then identify the object from the Object Directory, using properties lookup, where the property specifying the criteria for the lookup of the object is its name or some other property which uniquely identifies it. A process may choose to wait for an object to be placed in the Object Space, if the needed object is not already present.
Objects, when deposited in an Object Space are passive, i.e., their methods cannot be invoked while the objects are in the Object Space. Instead, the accessing process must retrieve it from the Object Space into its local memory, use the service provided by the object, update the state of the object and place it back into the Object Space.
This paradigm inherently provides mutual exclusion. Because once an object is accessed, it has to be removed from the Object Space, and is placed back only after it has been released. This means that no other process can access an object while it is being used by one process, thereby ensuring mutual exclusion.
JavaSpaces
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetStumbler | NetStumbler (also known as Network Stumbler) was a tool for Windows that facilitates detection of Wireless LANs using the 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.11g WLAN standards. It runs on Microsoft Windows operating systems from Windows 2000 to Windows XP. A trimmed-down version called MiniStumbler is available for the handheld Windows CE operating system.
Netstumbler has become one of the most popular programs for wardriving and wireless reconnaissance, although it has a disadvantage. It can be detected easily by most intrusion detection system, because it actively probes a network to collect information. Netstumbler has integrated support for a GPS unit. With this support, Netstumbler displays GPS coordinate information next to the information about each discovered network, which can be useful for finding specific networks again after having sorted out collected data.
The program is commonly used for:
Verifying network configurations
Finding locations with poor coverage in a WLAN
Detecting causes of wireless interference
Detecting unauthorized ("rogue") access points
Aiming directional antennas for long-haul WLAN links
No updated version has been developed since 2004.
See also
InSSIDer was created as an alternative to Network Stumbler for the current generation of Windows operating system
Kismet for Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and Mac OS X
KisMAC for Mac OS X
References
External links
NetStumbler's author's website (stumbler.net)
Wireless networking
Computer network security |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SuperCalc | SuperCalc is a CP/M-80 spreadsheet application published by Sorcim in 1980.
History
VisiCalc was the first spreadsheet program but its release for the CP/M operating system ran only on the HP-125, Sharp MZ80, and the Sony SMC-70. SuperCalc was created to fill that void and market opportunity. Alongside WordStar, it was one of the CP/M applications bundled with the Osborne 1 portable computer. It quickly became popular and was ported to MS-DOS in 1982.
An improvement over VisiCalc (though using much the same command structure using the slash key), SuperCalc was one of the first spreadsheet programs capable of iteratively solving circular references (cells that depend on each other's results). It would be over 10 years after the introduction of SuperCalc before this feature was implemented in Microsoft Excel, although in Lotus 1-2-3, manual programming of iterative logic could also be used to solve this issue. According to the SuperCalc product manager, iterative calculations were added when Sorcim changed from binary-coded decimal to binary math. Since the precision of the two math packages was different, some IF statements resolved differently, and iterative calculations helped solve this problem.
Versions of SuperCalc were later released for the Apple II, for PCs running MS-DOS, and, after Sorcim was bought by CA Technologies (CA) in 1985, for Microsoft Windows (under the name CA-SuperCalc). SuperCalc was CA Technologies' first personal computer product. The MS-DOS versions were more popular with many users than the market-leading Lotus 1-2-3, because it was distributed without copy protection, as well as being priced lower.
By the release of version 3 in March 1987, a million users were claimed. New versions were published into the early 1990s, after which Microsoft Excel dominated the spreadsheet market.
In 1993, the Ministry of Railway of Russia signed an agreement with CA Technologies after a Russian employee illegally used SuperCalc for government purposes.
Versions
1980: SuperCalc
SuperCalc 2, which featured a novelty: Split screen with formulas on one side, and graphs on the other
1986: SuperCalc 4, evaluated #2 on the spreadsheets market after Excel, with introduction of automatic construction of macros
1989: SuperCalc 5
References
External links
SuperCalc 1.00 running on an IBM PC Model 5150 at the System Source Computer Museum.
Spreadsheet software
Microcomputer software
CP/M software
DOS software
Presentation software for Windows
1980 software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ID3%20algorithm | In decision tree learning, ID3 (Iterative Dichotomiser 3) is an algorithm invented by Ross Quinlan used to generate a decision tree from a dataset. ID3 is the precursor to the C4.5 algorithm, and is typically used in the machine learning and natural language processing domain
Algorithm
The ID3 algorithm begins with the original set as the root node. On each iteration of the algorithm, it iterates through every unused attribute of the set and calculates the entropy or the information gain of that attribute. It then selects the attribute which has the smallest entropy (or largest information gain) value. The set is then split or partitioned by the selected attribute to produce subsets of the data. (For example, a node can be split into child nodes based upon the subsets of the population whose ages are less than 50, between 50 and 100, and greater than 100.) The algorithm continues to recurse on each subset, considering only attributes never selected before.
Recursion on a subset may stop in one of these cases:
every element in the subset belongs to the same class; in which case the node is turned into a leaf node and labelled with the class of the examples.
there are no more attributes to be selected, but the examples still do not belong to the same class. In this case, the node is made a leaf node and labelled with the most common class of the examples in the subset.
there are no examples in the subset, which happens when no example in the parent set was found to match a specific value of the selected attribute. An example could be the absence of a person among the population with age over 100 years. Then a leaf node is created and labelled with the most common class of the examples in the parent node's set.
Throughout the algorithm, the decision tree is constructed with each non-terminal node (internal node) representing the selected attribute on which the data was split, and terminal nodes (leaf nodes) representing the class label of the final subset of this branch.
Summary
Calculate the entropy of every attribute of the data set .
Partition ("split") the set into subsets using the attribute for which the resulting entropy after splitting is minimized; or, equivalently, information gain is maximum.
Make a decision tree node containing that attribute.
Recurse on subsets using the remaining attributes.
Pseudocode
ID3 (Examples, Target_Attribute, Attributes)
Create a root node for the tree
If all examples are positive, Return the single-node tree Root, with label = +.
If all examples are negative, Return the single-node tree Root, with label = -.
If number of predicting attributes is empty, then Return the single node tree Root,
with label = most common value of the target attribute in the examples.
Otherwise Begin
A ← The Attribute that best classifies examples.
Decision Tree attribute for Root = A.
For each possible value, , of A,
Add a new tree branch be |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C4.5%20algorithm | C4.5 is an algorithm used to generate a decision tree developed by Ross Quinlan. C4.5 is an extension of Quinlan's earlier ID3 algorithm. The decision trees generated by C4.5 can be used for classification, and for this reason, C4.5 is often referred to as a statistical classifier. In 2011, authors of the Weka machine learning software described the C4.5 algorithm as "a landmark decision tree program that is probably the machine learning workhorse most widely used in practice to date".
It became quite popular after ranking #1 in the Top 10 Algorithms in Data Mining pre-eminent paper published by Springer LNCS in 2008.
Algorithm
C4.5 builds decision trees from a set of training data in the same way as ID3, using the concept of information entropy. The training data is a set of already classified samples. Each sample consists of a p-dimensional vector , where the represent attribute values or features of the sample, as well as the class in which falls.
At each node of the tree, C4.5 chooses the attribute of the data that most effectively splits its set of samples into subsets enriched in one class or the other. The splitting criterion is the normalized information gain (difference in entropy). The attribute with the highest normalized information gain is chosen to make the decision. The C4.5 algorithm then recurses on the partitioned sublists.
This algorithm has a few base cases.
All the samples in the list belong to the same class. When this happens, it simply creates a leaf node for the decision tree saying to choose that class.
None of the features provide any information gain. In this case, C4.5 creates a decision node higher up the tree using the expected value of the class.
Instance of previously unseen class encountered. Again, C4.5 creates a decision node higher up the tree using the expected value.
Pseudocode
In pseudocode, the general algorithm for building decision trees is:
Check for the above base cases.
For each attribute a, find the normalized information gain ratio from splitting on a.
Let a_best be the attribute with the highest normalized information gain.
Create a decision node that splits on a_best.
Recurse on the sublists obtained by splitting on a_best, and add those nodes as children of node.
Implementations
J48 is an open source Java implementation of the C4.5 algorithm in the Weka data mining tool.
Improvements from ID3 algorithm
C4.5 made a number of improvements to ID3. Some of these are:
Handling both continuous and discrete attributes - In order to handle continuous attributes, C4.5 creates a threshold and then splits the list into those whose attribute value is above the threshold and those that are less than or equal to it.
Handling training data with missing attribute values - C4.5 allows attribute values to be marked as ? for missing. Missing attribute values are simply not used in gain and entropy calculations.
Handling attributes with differing costs.
Pruning trees after creation - C4.5 |
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