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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus%20Jazz | Lotus Jazz is an integrated suite of word processor, spreadsheet, database, graphics, and communication software designed for the Macintosh 512K. The name evokes a group of musicians who together create something larger than each of the individual players. It was released in 1985 and retailed for .
The Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet was the killer application for the business-oriented IBM PC, and Jazz was an attempt to recreate that success for Macintosh. With the tagline "The software Macintosh was invented for," and promoted on TV at great expense, it was poorly received by reviewers and consumers and became a high-profile flop. In 1988, Lotus was on the verge of releasing an improved version as Modern Jazz, but the project was cancelled.
Overview
Jazz shipped on four 400K 3½" diskettes: one for start-up, one containing the main program, a copy protected backup program disk, and a disk of sample files. This required the need for multiple swaps of the start-up and program or backup disks. Lotus Jazz Release 1 cannot be run from a hard drive or dual 400K floppy disk drives. If the start-up or both of the main program disks failed, the software is unusable.
The terminal emulation module is integrated with the spreadsheet module, allowing users dialing into corporate mainframes to have onscreen reports be parsed directly into spreadsheet columns for later editing and refinement.
Reception
Lotus sold 20,000 copies of the original version of Jazz, while Microsoft sold 200,000 of Excel.
In an extensive Macworld review in 1985, Gordon McComb wrote, "It is well thought out, but has both strong and weak points." He pointed out missing features, such as macros, split windows, and linking spreadsheets together. He cited working within the tight memory limitations as a significant drawback:
Creative Computing's John J. Anderson wrote, "There is nothing wrong with Jazz that a few healthy software revisions can't patch. Then again, not much of it is really right, either—right in the way it really should have been if it could have been." He called out the $600 price tag and the 512K RAM limit of the Mac as major issues.
Retrospective
In 2014, Lotus co-founder Mitch Kapor said, "We were doing business products, and a spreadsheet was an enterprise product. The Mac in 1985 and the enterprise was a complete nonstarter." He summarized some of the development and promotion mistakes:
John C. Dvorak blamed the failure of Jazz on the high price, copy protection, not calling the product 1-2-3, weak import/export functions, and a misguided ad campaign.
References
1985 software
Classic Mac OS software
Jazz
Office suites |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avalanche%20%28P2P%29 | Avalanche is the name of a proposed peer-to-peer (P2P) network created by Pablo Rodriguez and Christos Gkantsidis at Microsoft, which claims to offer improved scalability and bandwidth efficiency compared to existing P2P systems.
The proposed system works in a similar way to BitTorrent, but aims to improve some of its shortfalls. Like BitTorrent, Avalanche splits the file to be distributed into small blocks. However, rather than peers simply transmitting the blocks, they transmit random linear combinations of the blocks along with the random coefficients of this linear combination - a technique known as 'network coding'. This technique removes the need for each peer to have complex knowledge of block distribution across the network (an aspect of BitTorrent-like protocols which the paper claims does not scale very well).
Bram Cohen, the creator of BitTorrent, criticized the proposed Avalanche system in a post to his blog. He mentions inaccuracies in the paper's analysis of the BitTorrent protocol (some of it being based on a 4-years-out-of-date version of the protocol which used an algorithm that "sucks") and describes the paper as "garbage."
References
External links
Avalanche: File Swarming with Network Coding, Avalanche official home page
File sharing networks
Microsoft Research |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SoundJam%20MP | SoundJam MP is a discontinued MP3 player for classic Mac OS-compatible computers and Rio-compatible hardware synchronization manager that was released in July 1999 and was available until June 2001. Jeff Robbin and Bill Kincaid developed SoundJam MP with assistance from Dave Heller. Robbin and Kincaid chose Casady & Greene to publish SoundJam MP. Apple, Inc. purchased SoundJam MP in 2000 and further developed the code to create iTunes version 1.0. Casady and Greene ceased publication of SoundJam MP in June 2001 at the request of the developers.
History
Prior to working together on SoundJam MP, Jeff Robbin and Bill Kincaid had worked for Apple in the 1990s as system software engineers assigned to the Copland operating system, a project that was abandoned before completion. After the Copland project's cancellation, Robbin and Kincaid left Apple. Robbin went on to create Conflict Catcher, a Mac OS utility, and Kincaid worked at a startup.
Kincaid created Mac-compatible hardware and device driver support for the Diamond Rio line of digital audio players. He then enlisted Robbin to develop the front-end for the MP3-player software they named SoundJam MP. Dave Heller later joined them, completing the core team. The development team chose Casady & Greene to publish SoundJam MP because the company had previously published Robbin's Conflict Catcher. David Pogue, who later became a New York Times columnist, wrote SoundJam MP's documentation.
SoundJam was released a few weeks before a competing Mac MP3 player, Audion, made by Panic Inc. According to Cabel Sasser, Panic's co-founder, the competition between SoundJam and Audion was friendly and "inspiring."
Reception
SoundJam received positive reviews, and won the Best of Macworld award in 1999; it eventually secured 90% of the Mac MP3 software market. SoundJam competed with the Audion app, made by Panic. Apple hired Robbin, Kincaid and Heller, and used SoundJam's code as the foundation for iTunes.
Both companies were vying to be acquired by Apple, but since Panic was already discussing a buyout with AOL, and since Robbin and Kincaid were ex-Apple employees, Apple chose to buy SoundStep in 2000.
Acquisition
In early 2000, Apple wanted to purchase MP3 player software for use with Apple's desktop computers. Apple sought meetings with both Panic and Casady & Greene. Caught up in negotiations with AOL, Panic was not able to set up a meeting with Apple. Turning instead to Casady & Greene, Apple purchased the rights to the SoundJam MP software in a deal covered by a two-year secrecy clause.
Working as employees of Apple, Robbin, Kincaid and Heller continued to develop the software which would become iTunes. All three continue to work at Apple; Robbin is the lead developer of iTunes.
On January 9, 2001, Apple debuted iTunes 1.0 to the public. Curious Macintosh users immediately began poking through iTunes' resource fork, where they discovered numerous strings and other resources that indicated iTunes was a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIEIO | EIEIO may refer to:
The refrain to the children's song, "Old MacDonald Had a Farm"
Enforce In-Order Execution of I/O, a machine instruction used on the PowerPC computer processor
Computer bought the farm, an error message with symbol EIEIO, from the GNU Hurd operating system
EIEIO, the Enhanced Implementation of Emacs Interpreted Objects, an object-oriented elisp system based on the Common Lisp Object System
"E-I-E-I-O", an episode of Barney & Friends from the fourth season of the show |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal%20%28typeface%29 | Charcoal is a sans-serif typeface designed by David Berlow of Font Bureau during the period 1994–1997. Charcoal was the default menu font in Apple Computer's Mac OS 8 and 9, replacing the comparatively harder-to-read Chicago as part of the new Platinum interface. In Mac OS X developer preview 3, it was replaced with Lucida Grande as the system typeface. Charcoal is designed for high legibility, even at smaller point sizes, displayed on computer monitors.
While similar in design to grotesque sans-serifs, Charcoal has a distinctive organic quality. The letterforms have a high x-height, a vertical axis, and maintain generous counter-form in and around the letterforms. Descending characters, g, j, p, q, and y are shallow, compensating for the high x-height, and allowing for reduced leading in text. While designed primarily for monitor display, Charcoal has had considerable popularity in print, including in letterpress printing.
Virtue is a free TrueType font of similar design sometimes used as a surrogate on non-Apple systems.
Truth
Truth, an expanded Charcoal family, is sold by Font Bureau, designed by David Berlow, and was released in 2005. It contains small differences from Charcoal, and is available in seven weights: Thin, Light, Regular, Medium, Bold, Black, and Ultra.
References
External links
New Fonts: FB Truth and Minah
Truth FB Truth
Online showing and comparisons
Letterpress printing with the Charcoal typeface
Font Bureau typefaces
Sans-serif typefaces
Apple Inc. typefaces
Typefaces and fonts introduced in 1995
Typefaces designed by David Berlow |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One%20Man%20Band%20%28film%29 | One Man Band is a 2005 Pixar computer-animated short musical comedy film. It premiered at the 29th Annecy International Animated Film Festival in Annecy, France, and won the Platinum Grand Prize at the Future Film Festival in Bologna, Italy. It was shown with the theatrical release of Cars.
It was written and directed by Andrew Jimenez and Mark Andrews and produced by Osnat Shurer, head of Pixar's Shorts group. The score was composed by Michael Giacchino. Like many Pixar shorts, it is completely free of dialogue and vocal effects, instead using music (played by the characters) and pantomime to tell the story. Unlike most Pixar shorts, which are driven solely by storyboarding and scriptwriting, the music in One Man Band was developed alongside the film's story; Giacchino collaborated extensively with the film's directors due to the music's large role.
On January 31, 2006, it was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. It was included in the Animation Show of Shows in 2005.
Plot
Bass, a skilled and proud street performer, plays a routine tune on his wind and percussion instruments in a deserted Italian village square in the afternoon, waiting for a pedestrian to tip him in his rusty iron cup. Soon, he spots Tippy, a humble peasant girl clutching a big gold coin, intending to drop it in the large plaza fountain to make a wish. Bass, seizing the opportunity, immediately plays an impromptu piece, capturing the girl's attention.
Just when Tippy is about to drop the coin into Bass's cup, a newcomer steps onto the scene. Treble, a suave and flamboyant street performer, plays a more attractive tune on his string instruments, effectively stealing Tippy's attention, much to Bass's anger. Not to be outdone, Bass ups his ante, and Treble dares to take it even further. As the two unleash their arsenal of musical weapons, vying for Tippy's attention (or rather, tip), she cowers in their wild musical cacophony, and in the process, accidentally drops her coin, which falls down a drain and is lost in the village sewers.
Heartbroken, Tippy sniffles, but angrily demands from Treble and Bass a replacement coin for the one they made her lose. When they come up empty-handed, Tippy takes one of Treble's violins and Bass's iron cup in an attempt to get her money back by playing solo. She tunes the violin and plays it like a true virtuoso, prompting a passing pedestrian to drop a large bag of gold coins onto her cup.
Elated, Tippy hugs the bag and approaches the fountain, but not before she pulls two coins out of her bag and tempts Treble and Bass. But as they eagerly reach out to grab the coins, she tosses them into the top of the fountain, out of reach, much to their dismay.
In a post-credits scene, it is nighttime, with Treble standing on Bass, trying to reach the coins. As they start to fall backward, the short film ends.
Production
Beginning development shortly after the completion of the superhero movie The Incredibles, One Man Band wa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20SSEC | The IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) was an electromechanical computer built by IBM. Its design was started in late 1944 and it operated from January 1948 to August 1952. It had many of the features of a stored-program computer, and was the first operational machine able to treat its instructions as data, but it was not fully electronic.
Although the SSEC proved useful for several high-profile applications, it soon became obsolete. As the last large electromechanical computer ever built, its greatest success was the publicity it provided for IBM.
History
During World War II, International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) funded and built an Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC) for Howard H. Aiken at Harvard University. The machine, formally dedicated in August 1944, was widely known as the Harvard Mark I. The President of IBM, Thomas J. Watson Sr., did not like Aiken's press release that gave no credit to IBM for its funding and engineering effort. Watson and Aiken decided to go their separate ways, and IBM began work on a project to build their own larger and more visible machine.
Astronomer Wallace John Eckert of Columbia University provided specifications for the new machine; the project budget of almost $1 million was an immense amount for the time.
Francis "Frank" E. Hamilton (1898–1972) supervised the construction of both the ASCC and the SSEC. Robert Rex Seeber Jr. was also hired away from the Harvard group, and became known as the chief architect of the new machine.
Modules were manufactured in IBM's facility at Endicott, New York, under Director of Engineering John McPherson after the basic design was ready in December 1945.
Construction
The February 1946 announcement of the fully electronic ENIAC energized the project.
The new machine, called the IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC), was ready to be installed by August 1947.
Watson called such machines calculators because computer then referred to humans employed to perform calculations and he wanted to convey the message that IBM's machines were not designed to replace people. Rather they were designed to help people, by relieving them of drudgery.
The SSEC was installed on three sides of a room on the ground floor of a building near IBM's headquarters at 590 Madison Avenue in New York City, behind a large window where it was visible to people passing by on the busy street. The space had formerly been occupied by a women's shoe store. The noisy SSEC was sometimes called Poppa by the viewing pedestrians.
It was dedicated and first demonstrated to the public on January 27, 1948. A. Wayne Brooke served as the chief electronic engineer for the machine's operation starting in 1950.
Herb Grosch, the second person with a Ph.D. hired by IBM, was one of its first programmers. Another early programmer was Edgar "Ted" Codd. Elizabeth "Betsy" Stewart was chief operator, and often appeared in publicity photos.
The SSEC was an unusual hybrid of va |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Cloud | Kevin Cloud is an American video game artist. He graduated from LSU-Shreveport in 1987 with a degree in political science. Cloud acquired his first full-time job as a computer artist at Softdisk in 1985. He was hired by id Software on March 10, 1992 to work as an assistant artist to lead artist Adrian Carmack, where he remained to work on popular computer games such as Wolfenstein 3D, Doom, and Quake, climbing the ranks of the company. Prior to his career at id, he was employed by Softdisk as an editorial director, where several other id founders worked. During that time he also worked as an illustrator for Softdisk's Commodore 64 disk magazine Loadstar. Cloud was an artist and co-owner of id until the ZeniMax Media merger in 2009, where he now serves as a senior producer.
Works
All games Cloud has worked on were developed by id Software unless stated otherwise.
References
External links
PlanetQuakeWars.net interview with Kevin Cloud
Kevin Cloud profile at MobyGames
Id Software people
Living people
Louisiana State University Shreveport alumni
Video game artists
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubai%20Metro | The Dubai Metro () is a rapid transit rail network in the city of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is currently operated by a consortium of the French company, Keolis, and Japanese Company, MHI (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries), as Keolis-MHI.
The Red Line and Green Line are operational, with a major 15 km (9.3 mi) extension to the Red Line known as Route 2020 to the Expo 2020 site announced in April 2015 and opened in 2021. These first two lines run underground in the city centre and on elevated viaducts elsewhere.
All trains are fully automated and driverless, and, together with stations, are air conditioned with platform edge doors. Architecture firm Aedas designed the metro's 45 stations, two depots and operational control centers. The Al Ghurair Investment group were the metro's builders.
The first section of the Red Line, covering 10 stations, was ceremonially inaugurated at 9:09:09 pm on 9 September 2009, by Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Ruler of Dubai, with the line opening to the public at 6 am (UTC 04:00) on 10 September. The Dubai Metro is the first urban train network in the Arabian Peninsula and either the second in the Arab World (after the Cairo Metro) or the third (if the surface-level, limited-service Baghdad Metro is counted).
More than 110,000 people, or nearly 10 percent of Dubai's population, used the Metro in its first two days of operation. The Dubai Metro carried 10 million passengers from launch on 9 September 2009 to 9 February 2010 with 11 stations operational on the Red Line. Engineering consultancy Atkins provided full multidisciplinary design and management of the civil works on Dubai Metro.
Until 2016, the Dubai Metro was the world's longest driverless metro network with a route length of , as recognized by Guinness World Records in 2012. The system was surpassed by the Vancouver SkyTrain in 2016 for the longest fully automated system in the world but regained the title in 2021 with the opening of Route 2020. However, its total route length have since been surpassed by the automated lines of the Singapore MRT. Nevertheless, the Red Line, at , remains the world's longest driverless single metro line.
Construction
Planning of the Dubai Metro began under the directive of Dubai's Ruler, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, who expected other projects to attract 15 million visitors to Dubai by 2010. The combination of a rapidly growing population (expected to reach 3 million by 2017) and severe traffic congestion necessitated the building of an urban rail system to provide additional public transportation capacity, relieve motor traffic, and provide infrastructure for additional development.
In 2004, five consortium were shortlisted to build the first section:
Bilfinger Berger, Taisei Corporation, Besix & Alstom
Vinci, Hochtief, CCIC & Ansaldo
Obayashi, Yapı Merkezi & Mitsubishi
Odebrecht, Parsons & Bombardier
Saudi Binladin Group, Diwidag & Siemens
In May 2005, a AED 12.45 billion/US$3.4 billion design and bu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRL%20Group | CRL Group plc was a British video game development and publishing company. Originally CRL stood for "Computer Rentals Limited". It was based in King's Yard, London and run by Clem Chambers.
They released a number of notable adventure games based on horror stories. Dracula and Frankenstein were rated 15 certificate by the British Board of Film Censors for their graphics depicting bloody scenes; Dracula was the first game to be rated by the BBFC. Jack the Ripper was the first game to receive an 18 certificate, Wolfman also gained an 18 certificate.
CRL-published games that achieved critical success include Tau Ceti and Academy.
The 1984 game of the series Terrahawks was one of the first video games based on a TV show.
Games
1982
Rescue
1983
3D Desert Patrol
Alien Maze
Bomber
Caveman
Crawler
Derby Day
Draughts
Escape from Manhattan
Galactic Patrol
Grand National
Jackpot
Lunar Rescue
One Day Cricket
Pandemonia
Test Match
The Omega Run
The Orb
Space Mission
Zaraks
1984
£.s.d.
Ahhh!!
Cricket 64
Glug Glug
Handicap Golf
Handy Andy
Incredible Adventure
Olympics
Orpheus in the Underworld
Show Jumping
Terrahawks
The Great Detective
The Magic Roundabout
Tritz
Whirlybird
The War of the Worlds
The Warlock's Treasure
The Woods of Winter
1985
Blade Runner
Bored of the Rings
Endurance
Formula One
Juggernaut
Space Doubt
Tau Ceti
The Causes of Chaos
The Rocky Horror Show
1986
Academy
Bugsy
Doctor What!
Dracula
Hercules
Pilgrim
Robin of Sherlock
Room Ten
Samurai
The Boggit
The Very Big Cave Adventure
1987
Ball Breaker
Book of the Dead
Cyborg
Death or Glory
Federation
Frankenstein
From Darkness into Light
I-Alien
IQ
Jack the Ripper
Jet-Boys
Last Mohican
Lifeforce
Loads of Midnight
Mandroid
Murder off Miami
Ninja Hamster
Oink!
Outcast
Plasmatron
Sun Star
They Call Me Trooper
Traxxion
Vengeance
1988
Ball Breaker II
CounterForce
Cyberknights
Discovery
International Soccer
Kellogg's Tour 1988
NATO Assault Course
Purple Heart
Road Warrior
Sophistry
Thunder Cross
Time Fighter
To Hell and Back
Trigger Happy
Wolfman
1989
Inner Space
Lancaster
Professional Soccer
Search for the Titanic
1990
Hellhole
Unreleased
Enchantress
Spearhead
The Blues Brothers
The Malinsay Massacre
Software
Fifth (1983)
Stargazer Secrets (1983)
Highway Code (1984)
3D Game Maker (1987)
2D Game Maker (1988)
Hi-Rise Scaffold Construction Set (Unreleased)
Platforms
Acorn Electron
Amiga
Amstrad CPC
Amstrad PCW
Atari ST
BBC Micro
Commodore 64
Commodore Plus/4
MS-DOS
Oric-1/Atmos
ZX Spectrum
Notes
Hercules was originally released in 1984 by Interdisc
Bored of the Rings and Robin of Sherlock were originally released in 1985 by Delta 4
Federation was originally released as Quann Tulla in 1985 by 8th Day Software
International Soccer was originally only released on cartridge in 1983 by Commodore International
References
Further reading
Retro Gamer Magazine, issue 97, Graeme Mason
External links
The story behind the worst game ever made
Defunct video game companies of the United Kin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monastiraki%20metro%20station | Monastiraki (, ) is an interchange station on the Athens Metro, between Lines 1 and 3. The original surface station on Line 1 opened on 17 May 1895. It became an interchange point of the network when the underground station of Line 3 opened on 22 April 2003. It is located in the historic center of Athens, near the neighborhood of Plaka. The station is right beneath the Acropolis and next to the site of the Ancient Agora of Athens.
History
Monastiraki opened as Monastirion (, in Katharevousa) on 17 May 1895 and Line 3 station followed over a century later, on 22 April 2003. The line 1 station was renovated ahead of the 2004 Summer Olympics. Along with Perissos it was the last Line 1 station to be renovated and opened on 10 August 2004, just three days before the games began. Signage for the former name remains in place on the Line 1 platforms, although new signage was added after the 2004 renovation.
Line 1 station
The platforms are located on a curve on a north-west axis. This curve is the main factor contributing in the characteristic gap that is formed between the train and the platform. The station is sub-surface, half underground and half in an open-cut. The station is located between two tunnels, a small one on the west and the large Attiki-Monastiraki tunnel in the north. About 1/3 of the platform walls' surface is decorated with gray square tiles. The rest of the walls are painted white and are decorated with characteristic circular lamps. The west end of each platform has an emergency exit that leads to Adrianou street. The open-cut part of the platforms is covered by two roofs, one covering each platform. Each roof is supported on multiple green Ionic iron columns located on both platform's edges. The underground part, located underneath the station's building, is covered by a ceiling supported by concrete arches, iron beams and green Doric iron columns. The columns here are located between the train tracks instead of the platform's edge. The ceiling is similar to that found on several sub-surface stations of the Paris Métro. Three pathways lead to the Line 3 platforms: one on the southbound platform and another two on the northbound. An additional pathway leads from the northbound platform to a specially-built space were antiquities are exhibited. Two staircases, one on each platform, lead to a small balcony on the back of the station's building from where both the platforms are visible. Line 1's concourse level, essentially the old station's building, is located on Monasriraki square and has multiple arched exits. It is built in Neoclassical style and has a tiled roof. The ceiling is covered with artwork by Leda Papaconstantinou. A staircase that leads to Line 3 also exists on the concourse level. The concourse level contains several ticket-vending machines, an ATM and a coffee shop.
Line 3 station
The station has two entrances on ground level. One is located on Monastiraki square, inside the old station building, and the other is |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Care%20Net | Care Net is an evangelical Christian network of crisis pregnancy centers operating primarily in the United States. As an anti-abortion organization, its centers seek to persuade women not to have abortions. Headquartered in Northern Virginia, it is one of the nation's two largest networks of crisis pregnancy centers (along with Heartbeat International).
History
According to its literature, Care Net was influenced by the leadership of former U.S. Surgeon General Dr. C. Everett Koop and Christian apologist Dr. Francis Schaeffer. The organization was founded in 1975 as the Christian Action Council by Dr. Harold O. J. Brown, with its primary focus to engage evangelicals in responding to the "abortion crisis". It opened its first crisis pregnancy center in 1983.
In the 1990s, the organization’s mission shifted toward supporting anti-abortion crisis pregnancy centers; in 1999, the organization changed its name to Care Net. Care Net reports having 1,100 affiliated pregnancy centers across North America. In 2012, Roland C. Warren, former president of the National Fatherhood Initiative, joined Care Net as president and CEO.
Activities
In addition to counseling clients against abortion, Care Net affiliated centers may provide mothers with services such as temporary shelter, help with jobs, debt and welfare applications, Bible study, and baby supplies such as used clothing, diapers and formula. Care Net, like other CPC networks, touts medically disputed or discredited information about the supposed health risks of abortion; it sometimes locates its centers near Planned Parenthood clinics and uses signs that read "Pregnant? Considering abortion? Free services," or otherwise advertises them as though they were medical clinics. Some Care Net affiliated clinics offer ultrasounds. Care Net pregnancy centers have been honored by at least fifteen state legislatures, according to advocacy organization Americans United for Life.
References
External links
1975 establishments in the United States
Religious organizations based in the United States
Christian organizations established in 1975
Crisis pregnancy centers
Anti-abortion organizations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp%20Lazlo | Camp Lazlo is an American animated television series created by Joe Murray for Cartoon Network. The series follows Lazlo, an anthropomorphic spider monkey that goes to a camp called "Camp Kidney", a Boy Scout-like summer camp in Pimpleback Mountains. Lazlo resides in the "Jelly Bean" cabin with his fellow Bean Scouts; Raj, an Indian elephant, and Clam, a pygmy rhinoceros. Lazlo is often at odds with his pessimistic camp leader, Scoutmaster Lumpus, but usually gets along well with the second-in-command, Slinkman, and other campers. Camp Kidney sits just across the lake from Acorn Flats, which is home to the campsite of the all-female Squirrel Scouts (which functions somewhat similarly to the Girl Scouts). Camp Lazlo was one of the first Cartoon Network Studios series produced in a widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9, despite originally being broadcast in the full screen aspect ratio of 4:3.
Camp Lazlo was produced by Cartoon Network Studios. Its style of humor is similar to the Nickelodeon series Rocko's Modern Life, which Murray also created and worked on. The series premiered on Cartoon Network on July 8, 2005, and ran for five seasons comprising 61 episodes and the hour-long television special, Where's Lazlo?. The final episode aired on March 27, 2008. During its run, the series won three Primetime Emmy Awards and three Pulcinella Awards, and was nominated for another Emmy and an Annie Award. Spin-off media include DVDs, restaurant promotions, a video game, and digital download releases.
Premise
Plot and characters
The series is set in a universe inhabited solely by anthropomorphic animals of many species and focuses on a trio of campers attending a poorly run summer camp known as Camp Kidney. The trio consists of Lazlo, the eccentric, optimistic spider monkey; Raj, the timid Indian elephant; and Clam, the quiet albino pygmy rhinoceros, and their multiple surreal misadventures.
Other characters include the selfish, ill-tempered moose Scoutmaster Lumpus and his mild-mannered assistant Slinkman the banana slug, the boys' assortment of fellow campers including the disgruntled, surly platypus Edward, the two unintelligent, dirt-loving dung beetles Chip and Skip, and the klutzy, accident-prone, geeky Guinea pig Samson. There's also a rival summer camp called Acorn Flats, which is attended solely by girls, primarily focusing on Lazlo, Raj, and Clam's respective female counterparts attending that camp; Patsy the adventurous mongoose who has a major crush on Lazlo, Gretchen the short-tempered alligator, Nurse Leslie the pink nurse shark who is a doctor and Nina the bookish, sci-fi-loving giraffe, along with the object of Scoutmaster Lumpus's affections, Miss Doe (a female deer), the head of Acorn Flats.
Murray said that, as he did in Rocko's Modern Life, he matched the personalities of characters to various animals.
Some episodes may involve the Bean Scouts' attempts at unveiling the truth behind camp legends or clowning around, infuriating their pe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HanbitSoft | HanbitSoft () is a Korean computer game publishing and development company. It is best known internationally as the Korean distributor for the successful computer game StarCraft.
Formed in 1999, HanbitSoft specializes in the distribution of massively multiplayer online roleplaying games (MMORPGs) to Eastern Asian countries. The publishing company is domestically successful, claiming the top five percent of the nation's computer game market share, and has emerged internationally with its flagship game, Tantra Online. Although the company has developed small hits in-house, HanbitSoft invests significantly in the at large gaming industry and has formed partnerships with companies both domestic and abroad.
In May 2003, the company published With Your Destiny, an MMORPG developed by JoyImpact. After HanbitSoft acquired JoyImpact, its development team gradually reduced, leaving the game without updates. Although HanbitSoft left WYD without upgrades for a long time, JoyImpact, in 2019, decided to get the game back from HanbitSoft and return the game development.
HanbitSoft entered into an agreement with Japanese-based Namco to publish a first person action RPG called Hellgate: London, developed by Flagship Studios.
HanbitSoft was acquired by T3 Entertainment on July 3, 2008.
References
External links
Video game companies established in 1999
Video game companies of South Korea
Video game publishers
Video game development companies
South Korean companies established in 1999 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20Indonesia | The majority of Indonesia's railways are on Java, used for both passenger and freight transport. There are three noncontinuous railway networks in Sumatra (Aceh and North Sumatra; West Sumatra; South Sumatra and Lampung) while two new networks are being developed in Kalimantan and Sulawesi. Indonesia has finalized its plan for a national railway network recently. According to the plan, 3,200 km of train tracks that will criss-cross the islands of Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi, it has been touted as the most extensive railway project in Indonesia since its independence from the Dutch in 1945. Indonesia targets to extend the national railway network to 10,524 kilometres by 2030. As of September 2022, the network spans 7,032 km.
Urban railway exist in form of commuter rail in all provinces and metropolitan areas of Java – notably in Jakarta – as well as Medan, North Sumatra. New mass rapid transit and light rail transit system are currently being introduced in Jakarta and Palembang, South Sumatra.
Despite Indonesia having a left-hand running for roads, most of the railway lines use right-hand running due to Dutch legacy.
Indonesia's rail gauge is , although and lines previously existed. Newer constructions in Sumatra including Aceh, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, along with the Jakarta LRT and Jakarta-Bandung HSR, are using the gauge. Most of the Jakarta metropolitan area is electrified at 1500 V DC overhead.
Indonesia's railways are primarily operated by the state-owned Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI), its commuter subsidiary KAI Commuter, and the airport rail link subsidiary KAI Bandara. The infrastructure is state-owned, and companies pay a fee for using the railways.
Various narrow gauge industrial tramways operate in Java and Sumatra, serving the sugarcane and oil palm industries.
History
The first railway line in Indonesia opened in 1867 and was initially laid to standard gauge size. The railways were gradually expanded by both the state and private companies.
The Japanese occupation and the Indonesian War of Independence left Indonesia's railways in a poor condition. A batch of 100 steam locomotives were ordered in 1950, and dieselisation started in 1953. By the 1980s most mainline services had been dieselised. Electric multiple units were obtained from Japan beginning in the 1970s, replacing 60-year-old electric locomotives.
Since the independence era, all mainline railways in Indonesia have been managed by the state. The owners of the private railway were compensated first, but the system was fully nationalised in 1971.
Construction of new railway lines has been scarce, and most new construction is concentrated on double- and quad-tracking of existing railway lines. Most of the former tramway lines have been closed, reducing the mileage from about 7000 km to only 3000 km.
Regulator and operators
Regulator
The sole regulator of Indonesian rail transport system is Directorate General of Railways, Ministry of Transporta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esc%20key | On computer keyboards, the Esc key (named Escape key in the international standard series ISO/IEC 9995) is a key used to generate the escape character (which can be represented as ASCII code 27 in decimal, Unicode U+001B, or ). The escape character, when sent from the keyboard to a computer, often is interpreted by software as "stop", and when sent from the computer to an external device (including many printers since the 1980s, computer terminals and Linux consoles, for example) marks the beginning of an escape sequence to specify operating modes or characteristics generally.
It is now generally placed at the top left corner of the keyboard, a convention dating at least to the original IBM PC keyboard, though the key itself originated decades earlier with teletypewriters.
Symbol
The keyboard symbol for the ESC key (which may be used when the usual Latin lettering "Esc" is not preferred for labelling the key) is standardized in ISO/IEC 9995-7 as symbol 29, and in ISO 7000 "Graphical symbols for use on equipment" as symbol ISO-7000-2029. This symbol is encoded in Unicode as U+238B (⎋).
Origins
The name of the equivalent key on some early Teletype Model 33 keyboards was labeled Alt Mode..., the alternative mode of operation causing the escapement to treat the following one character in a special way. Much later printers and computer terminals that would use escape sequences often would take more than one following byte as part of a special sequence.
Uses
As most computer users are no longer concerned with the details of controlling their computer's peripherals, the task for which the escape sequences were originally designed, the escape key was appropriated by application programmers, most often to mean Stop. This use continues today in Microsoft Windows's method of escape as a shortcut in dialog boxes for No, Quit, Exit, Cancel, or Abort, as well as a common shortcut key for the Stop button in many web browsers, and to cancel drag and drop operations.
On machines running Microsoft Windows, prior to the implementation of the Windows key on keyboards, the typical practice for invoking the "start" button was to hold down the Control key and press escape. This key combination still works as of Windows 10.
Microsoft Windows makes use of "Esc" for many key shortcuts. Many of these shortcuts have been present since Windows 3.0, through Windows XP and later.
In macOS, "Esc" usually closes or cancels a dialog box or sheet. The ++ combination opens the Force Quit dialog box, allowing users to end non-responsive applications. Another use for the Esc key, in combination with the Command key, is switching to Front Row, if installed.
In most computer games, the escape key is used as a pause button and/or as a way to bring up the in-game menu, usually containing ways to exit the program. This is despite the existence of a separate Pause/Break key.
In the vi family of text editors, escape is used to switch modes. This usage is due to escape bein |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy%20disk%20format | Floppy disk format and density refer to the logical and physical layout of data stored on a floppy disk. Since their introduction, there have been many popular and rare floppy disk types, densities, and formats used in computing, leading to much confusion over their differences. In the early 2000s, most floppy disk types and formats became obsolete, leaving the -inch disk, using an IBM PC compatible format of 1440 KB, as the only remaining popular format.
Different floppy disk types had different recording characteristics, with varying magnetic coercivity (measured in oersteds, or in modern SI units in amperes per meter), ferrite grain size, and tracks per inch (TPI). TPI was not a part of the physical manufacturing process; it was a certification of how closely tracks of data could be spaced on the medium safely.
The term density has a double meaning for floppy disks. Originally, single density and double density indicated a difference in logical encoding on the same type of physical media: FM for single, and MFM for double. Subsequent use of the term "density" referred to physical characteristics of the media, with MFM assumed to be the logical format used. GCR was also used on some platforms, but typically in a "double" density form.
8- and -inch floppy disks were available with both soft sectoring and hard sectoring. Because of the similarity in magnetic characteristics between some disk types, it was possible to use an incorrectly certified disk in a soft sectored drive. Quad density -inch disks were rare, so it was not uncommon to use higher quality double density disks, which were usually capable of sustaining the 96 TPI formatting of quad density, in drives such as the Commodore 8050.
Disks were available in both single and double sided forms, with double sided formats providing twice the storage capacity. Like TPI, "double sided" was mostly a certification indicator, as the magnetic media was usually recordable on both sides. Many (but not all) certified "double sided" 8- and -inch floppies had an index hole on both sides of the disk sleeve to make them usable as flippy disks.
A combination floppy disk and optical disc, known as a Floptical disk exists. The size of a -inch (90 mm) disk, they are capable of holding close to 20.8 MB, but need a special drive.
Sectoring
The formatted disk capacity is always less than the "raw" unformatted capacity specified by the disk's manufacturer, because some portion of each track is used for sector identification and for gaps (empty spaces) between sectors and at the end of the track.
In hard-sectored 8-inch and -inch formats, each track is divided into a particular number of sectors determined when the disk is manufactured. Holes are punched in the magnetic media to indicate where each sector should start (in an area closer to the center of the disk than is used for magnetic recording). An additional hole is punched near one of the sector holes to identify the start of the track. A s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20fishes%20of%20Minnesota | There are about 123 species of fishes found naturally in Minnesota waters, including Lake Superior. The following list is based on the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.
The species data on this page is taken from the Minnesota DNR, which also uses several labels to indicate a fish's status within Minnesota waters. An endangered fish species is near extinction in Minnesota, a threatened species is likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future, and a special concern species is either extremely uncommon in Minnesota or has unique or highly specific habitat requirements.
Several types of Minnesota fish are considered non-native invasive species. A prohibited invasive species is illegal to possess in Minnesota without a permit, and a regulated invasive species is legal to possess but still may not be released into public waters. Many invasive fish species are nonetheless already well-established.
Coldwater sport fish
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar
Bloater Coregonus hoyi
Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis
Brown trout Salmo trutta
Cisco Coregonus artedi commonly called "tulibee" or "lake herring"
Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch
Kiyi Coregonus kiyi (special concern)
Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush
Lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis
Pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Pygmy whitefish Prosopium coulterii
Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax (regulated invasive)
Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
Round whitefish Prosopium cylindraceum
Shortjaw cisco Coregonus zenithicus (special concern)
legal game fish MN
Black bullhead Ameiurus melas
Black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus
Blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus
Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus
Blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus (special concern)
Brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus
Burbot Lota lota may be referred to as "eelpout," "ling," or "lawyer"
Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus
Flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris
Green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus
Lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens (special concern)
Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides
Longear sunfish Lepomis megalotis
Muskellunge Esox masquinongy
Northern pike Esox lucius
American paddlefish Polyodon spathula (threatened)
Pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus
Rock bass Ambloplites rupestris
Sauger Sander canadense
Shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus
Smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu
Walleye Sander vitreus
Warmouth Lepomis gulosus
White bass Morone chrysops
White crappie Pomoxis annularis
White perch Morone americana (prohibited invasive)
Yellow bass Morone mississippiensis (special concern)
Yellow bullhead Ameiurus natalis
Yellow perch Perca flavescens
Other sport fish
American eel Anguilla rostrata
Bigmouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus
Black buffalo Ictiobus niger (special concern)
Black redhorse Moxostoma duquesnei
Bowfin Amia calva sometimes call "dogfish"
Common carp Cyprinus carpio (regulated invasive)
Creek chub Semotilus atromaculatus
Freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens often called "sheepshead |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transurban | Transurban is a road operator company that manages and develops urban toll road networks in Australia, Canada and the United States. It is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX).
Transurban is the full owner of CityLink in Melbourne, which connects three of the city's major freeways. When Transurban was founded in March 1996, it was only limited to the operation of CityLink, under a 'single purpose' restriction. However, in September 2001, an agreement was reached with the Victoria State Government on a corporate restructure to allow the Transurban to undertake other activities outside of CityLink and pursue new business. Since then, Transurban has grown and currently has stakes in six tolled motorways in Sydney and six tolled motorways in Brisbane. Linkt is Transurban's e-TAG toll brand and can be used in all toll roads in Australia. In the United States, Transurban has ownership interests in the 495 Express Lanes on a section of the Capital Beltway around Washington, DC. It also has an interest in the connecting 95 Express Lanes project on Interstate 95. In Canada, Transurban holds an interest in the A25 Motorway.
Transurban was included on the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) World List from 2006 to 2010 and on the DJSI Asia Pacific List from 2011 to 2015.
Roads and projects
Transurban has an interest in 16 urban motorways in Australia, Canada and the United States.
Australia
Melbourne
CityLink (100% shareholder and manager)
The CityLink contract was awarded in 1995 by the Victorian Government to a consortium of Australia's Transfield Holdings and Japan's Obayashi Corporation, named Transurban Consortium. Transurban was formed on 14 March 1996 to operate the CityLink contract and collect tolls.
Sydney
M2 Hills Motorway (100% shareholder and manager)
Lane Cove Tunnel (100% shareholder and manager)
Eastern Distributor (75.1% shareholder and manager)
M5 South-West (100% shareholder and manager)
Westlink M7 (50% shareholder)
Cross City Tunnel (100% shareholder and manager)
WestConnex (50% shareholder and manager)
New M4 and M4 East
M5 East
M8 Motorway
NorthConnex (50% shareholder)
Transurban first entered the Sydney market by owning 40% of WSO Co. Pty Limited, which in February 2003, entered into a concession to operate the Westlink M7. Between 2004 and 2005, Transurban fully acquired Hills Motorway Group (M2 Hills Motorway) from various shareholders including Abigroup and Macquarie Infrastructure Group (MIG).
In April 2007, Transurban acquired Sydney Roads Group from MIG which included the ownership of Interlink Roads (M5 South West, 50%), StateWide Roads (M4 Western Motorway, 50.6%) and Airport Motorway Limited (Eastern Distributor, 71.35%). Transurban increased its shareholding in M7 to 50% between 2006 and August 2008.
Transurban acquired the Lane Cove Tunnel from Connector Motorways in May 2010 and Cross City Tunnel in June 2014. Since then, Transurban increased its shareholding in Eastern Distributor an |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Teen%20Titans%20%28TV%20series%29%20characters | This is a list of major and minor characters featured in the Cartoon Network and Kids' WB animated series Teen Titans.
Overview
Primary Teen Titans
Robin
Voiced by: Scott Menville
Robin is the leader of the Teen Titans. Despite lacking superpowers, he is fierce and highly disciplined with heroic virtues based on experience and reputation. As elaborated in the episode "Go", Robin forms the group after aiding Starfire in her escape from captivity, with the help of Beast Boy, Cyborg, and Raven. Before this, he left his mentor Batman, in an effort to make it on their own as crime-fighters. He is Dick Grayson, the first Robin. The Teen Titans Go! spin-off comic identifies him as Dick and Batman as his mentor, but neither of those reveals occur in the show. In the future, he becomes Nightwing. Robin is best friends with Starfire, whom he secretly has romantic feelings for her. Their love grows and develops throughout the show. They become a couple in the finale film.
Starfire
Voiced by: Hynden Walch
Starfire (as translated into English) is a humanoid alien female from the planet Tamaran. As learned in the episode "Betrothed", her real name and title is Princess Koriand'r. In the events of "Go", Starfire arrives on Earth while escaping captivity from Trogaar, an alien overlord intending to sell her into slavery. She creates mass havoc on an Earth city in an effort to break free from her restraints, arousing the ire of crime-fighters Robin, Beast Boy and Cyborg. Raven later appears to convince them to settle the dispute peacefully, and the friendship between the five grows from there. After dispatching the alien invaders, Starfire chooses to stay on Earth with her newfound friends. She is also Robin’s love interest in this series, and they secretly harbor strong romantic feelings for each other throughout the series until they finally confess their love and become a couple in the series finale film.
Cyborg
Voiced by: Khary Payton
Once an ordinary human, he becomes a mesh of flesh and machine following an unelaborated "accident" that caused most of his body to be replaced with cybernetic implants. His condition is virtually impossible to disguise, though he initially attempts to do so by covering much of his body with heavy clothing and a hood. His neighborhood falls under attack when Starfire appears on Earth in the episode "Go", and as such, he comes to the aid of Robin and Beast Boy in their tussle with her. He is the tech-savvy member of the team who is Robin's second-in-command and Beast Boy's best friend.
Raven
Voiced by: Tara Strong
Raven is usually depicted with a neutral expression on her face, and as somewhat of a stereotypical, apathetic "goth". Raven wears a blue-hooded shroud, which casts a characteristic shadow over much of her face, and a black leotard decorated with a belt. She has pale skin, violet-blue eyes, and a bob-cut hairstyle, with a mystical stone in the middle of her forehead. Shrouded in mystery even from her |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object%E2%80%93relational%20impedance%20mismatch | Object–relational impedance mismatch creates difficulties going from data in relational data stores (relational database management system [“RDBMS”]) to usage in domain-driven object models. Object-orientation (OO) is the default method for business-centric design in programming languages. The problem lies in neither relational nor OO, but in the conceptual difficulty mapping between the two logic models. Both are logical models implementable differently on database servers, programming languages, design patterns, or other technologies. Issues range from application to enterprise scale, whenever stored relational data is used in domain-driven object models, and vice versa. Object-oriented data stores can trade this problem for other implementation difficulties.
The term object–relational impedance mismatch is from impedance matching in electrical engineering .
Mismatches
OO mathematically is directed graphs, where objects reference each other. Relational is tuples in tables with relational algebra. Tuples are data fields grouped into a "row" with typed fields. Links are reversible (INNER JOIN is symmetric to follow foreign keys backwards), forming undirected graphs.
Object-oriented concepts
Encapsulation
Object encapsulation hides internals. Object properties only show through implemented interfaces. However, many ORMs expose the properties publicly to work with database columns. Metaprogramming ORMs avoid violating encapsulation.
Accessibility
"Private" versus "public" is need-based in relational. In OO it is absolutely class-based. This relativity versus absolutism of classifications and characteristics clashes.
Interface, class, inheritance and polymorphism
Objects must implement interfaces to expose internals. Relational uses views to vary perspectives and constraints. It lacks OO concepts like classes, inheritance and polymorphism.
Mapping to relational concepts
In order for an ORM to work properly, tables that are linked via Foreign Key/Primary Key relations need to be mapped to associations in object-oriented analysis.
Data type differences
Relational prohibits by-reference (e.g. pointers), while OO embraces by-reference. Scalar types differ between them, impeding mapping.
SQL supports strings with maximum lengths (faster than without) and collations. OO has collation only with sort routines and strings limited only by memory. SQL usually ignores trailing whitespace during comparison, but OO libraries do not. OO does not newtype using constraints on primitives.
Structural and integrity differences
Objects can comprise other objects or specialize. Relational is unnested, and a relation (tuples with the same header) does not fit in OO.
Relational uses declarative constraints on scalar types, attributes, relation variables, and/or globally. OO uses exceptions protecting object internals.
Manipulative differences
Relational uses standardized operators for data manipulation, while OO uses per-class per-case imperative. Any O |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GHC%20Heavyweight%20Championship | The is the professional wrestling world heavyweight championship created and promoted by the Japanese promotion CyberFight currently defended in the Pro Wrestling Noah brand division. It is one of CyberFight's two top men's world titles, alongside the KO-D Openweight Championship in DDT Pro-Wrestling. The title was also defended on Impact Wrestling which has a working relationship with Pro Wrestling Noah. It was created on April 15, 2001 when Mitsuharu Misawa defeated Yoshihiro Takayama in a 16-man tournament final. Though its name implies a particular weight class, it has been periodically held by junior heavyweights, including Yoshinari Ogawa, Kenta, Naomichi Marufuji, Katsuhiko Nakajima and Kenoh. There have been a total of 43 reigns shared between 23 different champions. The current champion is Kenoh, who is in his third reign.
Tournament
Noah held a 16-man tournament to crown the first champion, held over its month-long, 18-event Navigation for the Victory GHC tour. The tour was held from March 18 through April 15, 2001.
† Akiyama and Misawa were originally both counted out, but the match was restarted.
Title history
Combined reigns
As of , .
References
External links
GHC Heavyweight Championship official title history
Pro Wrestling Noah championships
Heavyweight wrestling championships
World heavyweight wrestling championships |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StatSoft | StatSoft is the original developer of Statistica. Dell acquired it in March 2014. Statistica is an analytics software portfolio that provides enterprise and desktop software for statistics, data analysis, data management, data visualization, data mining, which is also called predictive analytics, and quality control.
Company history
StatSoft Inc. was established in 1984 as a partnership of a group of university professors and scientists. Its first products had menu-driven libraries of flexible statistical procedures and ran on microcomputer platforms such as Apple II, CP/M, Commodore, and MS-DOS.
With the release of Statistica 9 in May 2009, both 32-bit and 64-bit native versions became available. Its current product suite, Statistica 12, was released in May 2013. Statistica is used worldwide at major corporations, government agencies, and universities.
On March 24, 2014, StatSoft was acquired by Dell in an effort to bolster Dell's ‘big data’ offering. StatSoft's CEO at the time of the Dell acquisition was Paul Lewicki.
On June 20, 2016, Dell sold Dell Software Group (which included StatSoft) to private equity firm Francisco Partners and Elliott Management.
On May 15, 2017, Quest Software sold Statistica to TIBCO Software.
StatSoft's product lines
Statistica Enterprise allows connections to data repositories and interactive filtering of data, contains analysis and report templates, and allows for management of security and permissions.
Web-based Applications this system makes the functionality of any of the Statistica products available via a Web browser.
Data Mining a collection of data mining and machine learning algorithms that include: support vector machines, EM and k-means clustering, classification & regression trees, generalized additive models, independent component analysis, stochastic gradient boosted trees, ensembles of neural networks, automatic feature selection, MARSplines, CHAID trees, nearest neighbor methods, association rules, and random forests.
Statistica Desktop designed for deployment on a single workstation. Spreadsheets, configurations and macros are all stored on the User's local workstation as a stand-alone application. Includes general purpose statistical, graphical, and analytic data management procedures.
StatSoft’s services
StatSoft's professional services groups provided a range of services to complement the Statistica software: software integration and customization services, the development of custom Web applications based on Statistica Enterprise Server technology, as well as the installation of a general-purpose Web Server system. StatSoft also offered deployment of data mining solutions designed to work with specific data warehouses and solve particular ranges of problems. Additionally, statistical consulting services were available. StatSoft offered both introductory and advanced training courses in major cities in the United States and overseas.
Technical Services provided software validation servic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Legend%20of%20Dragoon | The Legend of Dragoon is a role-playing video game developed by Japan Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation in 1999 in Japan, 2000 in North America, and 2001 in Europe. Set in a high fantasy fictional world called Endiness, the game follows a group of warriors led by the protagonist, Dart, as they attempt to stop the destruction of the world. The player controls a party of 3D character models through pre-rendered, linear environments. Combat uses a combination of turn-based mechanics and real-time commands. Notably, the game includes a quick time event called "addition" during each attack, requiring the player to press a button when two squares converge.
Development began in 1996 and took three years with a production team of over one hundred, and cost $16 million, notably high for the time. The game's use of realistic CGI cutscenes drew attention from the press. On release, The Legend of Dragoon received mixed reviews, with critics comparing it unfavorably to the Final Fantasy series. Despite this, The Legend of Dragoon has received a cult following, and sold more than one million copies worldwide, with most of those sales coming from North America. An album of the game's soundtrack was released in 2000, as well as a novel and manga inspired by the game.
Gameplay
The Legend of Dragoon features three modes of play: the area map, the field, and the battle screen. Players explore the world of The Legend of Dragoon by following predetermined routes on a linear 3D map. At the end of each route are various representations of areas for the player to enter, including towns and dungeons. As the game progresses more routes are revealed for the player to traverse. In the field map, the player navigates fully scaled versions of the areas represented on the world map, which are superimposed on pre-rendered backgrounds. The player can explore the environment, talk with characters and advance the story.
At random intervals on the area map and in field mode, and at specific moments in the story, the game will enter the battle screen. A maximum of three characters are used in each battle. On a party member’s turn, the player chooses a command for their character to take such as attacking with a weapon, guarding to recover health, using items, or running away. When the "attack" option is selected a quick-time event mechanic is activated called “addition”. Two blue squares appear on the screen and start to converge. If the player presses a button when the squares overlap the character will continue the addition and do more damage. Characters will receive multiple additions over the course of the game, which have longer chains and deal more damage. The longer additions, however, allow enemies the opportunity to counter and the player needs to press a different button to continue their attack. A player can also select a magic attack item where the player can increase the strength of the attack by repeatedly pressing a button.
D |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thornlie%20railway%20station | Thornlie railway station is on the Transperth network. It is the terminus of the Thornlie line, a spur of the Armadale Line, from Perth Station serving the suburb of Thornlie, Western Australia. Under construction is the Thornlie-Cockburn Link which will link to Cockburn Central railway station along the Mandurah line via two new stations, Nicholson Road railway station and Ranford Road railway station.
History
In December 1999, legislation was tabled by the Government of Western Australia to build the Southern Suburbs Railway from a junction with the Armadale line east of Beckenham Station passing beneath Albany Highway, Roe Highway and the Kwinana freight line via the Kewdale Tunnel, then paralleling the freight line south to Jandakot before continuing via the median strip of the Kwinana Freeway.
However, in 2002, following a change in government, the Southern Suburbs Railway was altered to operate via a more direct route to Perth. By this stage the first part of the Kenwick Tunnel had been built.
To justify the completion of Kenwick Tunnel and other infrastructure, the route was converted into a short spur line to Thornlie.
The spur and Thornlie station opened on 7 August 2005.
Thornlie–Cockburn link
Thornlie station will be modified for the extension of the Thornlie line to Cockburn Central station on the Mandurah line. Modifications to occur include extending the two existing long platforms to , to accommodate six car trains; construction of a concourse to link the two platforms, with lifts and stairs; modifications to the station's car park; changing the shared bike and pedestrian path, moving and replacing bicycle facilities; upgrading toilets, staff amenities, services and systems to modern standards; and replacing the nearby Western Power electricity substation. The station will remain in use during these works. The extension to Cockburn Central is planned to open in mid-2025.
Services
Thornlie station is served by Transperth Thornlie Line services.
The station saw 578,199 passengers in the 2013-14 financial year.
Platforms
Bus routes
References
External links
Gallery History of Western Australian Railways & Stations
Armadale and Thornlie lines
Transperth railway stations
Railway stations in Australia opened in 2005 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FCEUX | FCEUX is an open-source Nintendo Entertainment System and Family Computer Disk System emulator. It is a merger of various forks of FCE Ultra.
Multiplayer support
The Win32 and SDL versions of FCEUX do not currently support TCP/IP network play functionality, as they do not support controllers.
Ports
An integrated GTK2 GUI was added to the SDL port of FCEUX in version 2.1.3. This GTK GUI deprecated the previous python frontend, gfceux.
As of version 2.3.0, the SDL port migrated from GTK2 to a cross platform Qt5 GUI front end. The 2.4.0 version was the first release in which the SDL port is runnable on Windows, Linux, and macOS operating systems.
It has been ported to DOS, Linux (with either SVGAlib or X), macOS (its SDL port should also work on other Unix-like platforms such as FreeBSD, Solaris and IRIX), Windows, GP2X, PlayStation Portable, the Nintendo GameCube, Wii, PlayStation 2 and Pepper Pad.
History
FCE Ultra was forked from FCE (Family Computer Emulator). Its last full release was version 0.98.12 in August 2004, while a pre-release version 0.98.13-pre was released in September 2004 as source code only. After that, development appeared to stop and the homepage and forums for the emulator were taken down.
In the absence of official development, many forks of FCE Ultra were created. Most notable are FCEU-MM, which supports many new and unusual mappers, FCEU Rerecording, which incorporates many useful features for tool-assisted speedruns, and FCEUXD SP, which adds a number of debugging utilities.
In March 2006 it was reactivated and shortly thereafter a project was initiated to combine all the forks into one new application called FCEUX, which attracted collaboration from many authors of the various forks of FCE Ultra.
FCEUX was first publicly released on August 2, 2008. This fork of the emulator has continued steady development since then, allowing the other forks to become deprecated, and now has features the original FCE Ultra does not, such as native movie recording support and the ability to extend, enhance, or alter gameplay with Lua scripts. Thus it has become far more advanced than its predecessors.
Contributors
FCE was written by Bero. FCE Ultra was written by Xodnizel. It was reactivated by Anthony Giorgio and Mark Doliner. The FCEUX project was initiated by Zeromus and Sebastian Porst. Additional authors joined the group prior to its first release, including mz, adelikat, nitsujrehtona, maximus, CaH4e3, qFox and Lukas Sabota (punkrockguy318). Other contributors have included Aaron O'Neal, Joe Nahmias, Paul Kuliniewicz, Quietust, Parasyte, bbitmaster, blip, nitsuja, Luke Gustafson, UncombedCoconut, Jay Lanagan, Acmlm, DWEdit, Soules, radsaq, qeed, Shinydoofy, ugetab and Ugly Joe.
Reception
Brandon Widdler of Digital Trends considers FCEUX the go to emulator for the NES because of its multiple advanced features including debugging, ROM hacking, and video recording.
See also
List of NES emulators
References
External li |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandurah%20line | The Mandurah line is a commuter railway and service on the Transperth network in Western Australia that runs from Perth south to the state's second largest city Mandurah. The service is operated by Transperth Train Operations, a division of the Public Transport Authority. The line is long and has 12 stations. At its northern end, the line (travelling south) begins as a continuation of the Joondalup line at Perth Underground, and (travelling north) ends as a continuation of the Joondalup line at Elizabeth Quay. The first of the line is underground, passing under the Perth central business district. The line surfaces and enters the median of the Kwinana Freeway just north of the Swan River. It continues south down the freeway's median for , before veering south-west towards Rockingham. The final stretch of the line goes south from Rockingham to Mandurah.
Planning for a railway line to Mandurah began in the early 1990s, during the construction of the Joondalup line. The first route proposed was an extension of the Fremantle line to Mandurah passing directly through the Rockingham town centre. The preferred route was later changed to a spur off the Armadale line at Kenwick via Thornlie for reasons of cost. Following a change in state government in 2001, the route was changed again, this time to a direct route along the Kwinana Freeway south of Perth with Rockingham station relocated to align with the more direct route. Construction began in March 2004. The underground portion of the line, between Perth and Esplanade station, was the first section to open. It began operating on 15 October 2007. The rest of the line opened on 23 December 2007. Two new stations have since been opened in 2017 and 2023, with a third station currently in planning. The line will be connected to the Armadale line via Cockburn Central and the Thornlie line.
Trains take 51 minutes to get from Perth Underground to Mandurah station. The line is the busiest on the Transperth network, with 17,669,846 boardings in the 2022–23 financial year. Headways are at least every 15 minutes during the day, rising to every 5 minutes on parts during peak time.
History
Proposals and early planning
Just as detailed planning for the Northern Suburbs Transit System was underway, the South West Area Transit (SWAT) Study was formed in February 1989 to examine the possibilities for extending Perth's rail services to the city's south west. A SWAT report was released in 1990 recommending a rapid transit system to Rockingham and Mandurah. The two options the report considered were an extension of the Fremantle line or a spur off the Armadale line at Kenwick. Both of these options would utilise pre-existing freight railways, although sections of the Fremantle freight railway had the problem of being only single track. With the Armadale, Fremantle and Midland lines about to be electrified in the early 1990s, the report suggested using the leftover diesel railcars to minimise initial costs.
Planning |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript%20for%20XML | ECMAScript for XML (E4X) is the standard ISO/IEC 22537:2006 programming language extension that adds native XML support to ECMAScript (which includes ActionScript, JavaScript, and JScript). The goal is to provide an alternative to DOM interfaces that uses a simpler syntax for accessing XML documents. It also offers a new way of making XML visible. Before the release of E4X, XML was always accessed at an object level. E4X instead treats XML as a primitive (like characters, integers, and booleans). This implies faster access, better support, and acceptance as a building block (data structure) of a program.
E4X is standardized by Ecma International in the ECMA-357 standard. The first edition was published in June 2004, the second edition in December 2005.
The E4X standard was deprecated by the Mozilla Foundation in 2014.
Browser support
E4X is supported by Mozilla's Rhino, used in OpenOffice.org and several other projects. It is also supported by Tamarin, the JavaScript engine used in the Flash virtual machine. It is not supported by other common engines like Nitro (Safari), V8 (Google Chrome), Carakan (Opera), Chakra (Internet Explorer and pre-Chromium Edge).
E4X was also supported by SpiderMonkey (used in Firefox and Thunderbird), but has been removed. In Firefox 10, E4X syntax was no longer accepted in SpiderMonkey when ECMAScript 5 "strict mode" is enabled. According to Brendan Eich, "This thus signals start of deprecation for E4X in SpiderMonkey." and "has been disabled by default for webpages (content) in Firefox 17, disabled by default for chrome in Firefox 20, and has been removed in Firefox 21"
Example
var sales = <sales vendor="John">
<item type="peas" price="4" quantity="6"/>
<item type="carrot" price="3" quantity="10"/>
<item type="chips" price="5" quantity="3"/>
</sales>;
alert( sales.item.(@type == "carrot").@quantity );
alert( sales.@vendor );
for each( var price in sales..@price ) {
alert( price );
}
delete sales.item[0];
sales.item += <item type="oranges" price="4"/>;
sales.item.(@type == "oranges").@quantity = 4;
Implementations
The first implementation of E4X was designed by Terry Lucas and John Schneider and appeared in BEA's Weblogic Workshop 7.0 released in February 2002. BEA's implementation was based on Rhino and released before the ECMAScript E4X spec was completed in June 2004. John Schneider wrote an article on the XML extensions in BEA's Workshop at the time.
E4X was implemented in SpiderMonkey (Gecko's JavaScript engine) since version 1.6.0 until version 20, and is in Rhino (Mozilla's other JavaScript engine written in Java instead of C) since version 1.6R1.
As Mozilla Firefox is based on Gecko, older versions could be used to run scripts using E4X. But this feature is deprecated since release 16 and removed in release 18.
Adobe's ActionScript 3 scripting language fully supports E4X. Early previews of ActionScript 3 were first made available in late 2005. Adobe officially released the lang |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain%20old%20Java%20object | In software engineering, a plain old Java object (POJO) is an ordinary Java object, not bound by any special restriction. The term was coined by Martin Fowler, Rebecca Parsons and Josh MacKenzie in September 2000:
"We wondered why people were so against using regular objects in their systems and concluded that it was because simple objects lacked a fancy name. So we gave them one, and it's caught on very nicely."
The term "POJO" initially denoted a Java object which does not follow any of the major Java object models, conventions, or frameworks; nowadays "POJO" may be used as an acronym for plain old JavaScript object as well, in which case the term denotes a JavaScript object of similar pedigree.
The term continues an acronym pattern to coin retronyms for technologies that do not use fancy new features: plain old Ruby object (PORO) in Ruby, plain old telephone service (POTS) in telephony and Plain Old Documentation (pod) in Perl. The equivalent to POJO on the .NET Framework is plain Old CLR object (POCO). For PHP, it is plain old PHP object (POPO).
The POJO phenomenon has most likely gained widespread acceptance because of the need for a common and easily understood term that contrasts with complicated object frameworks.
Definition
Ideally speaking, a POJO is a Java object not bound by any restriction other than those forced by the Java Language Specification; i.e. a POJO should not have to
Extend prespecified classes, as inpublic class Foo extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet { ...
Implement prespecified interfaces, as inpublic class Bar implements javax.ejb.EntityBean { ...
Contain prespecified annotations, as in@javax.persistence.Entity public class Baz { ...
However, due to technical difficulties and other reasons, many software products or frameworks described as POJO-compliant actually still require the use of prespecified annotations for features such as persistence to work properly.
The idea is that if the object (actually class) were a POJO before any annotations were added, and would return to POJO status if the annotations are removed then it can still be considered a POJO. Then the basic object remains a POJO in that it has no special characteristics (such as an implemented interface) that makes it a "Specialized Java Object" (SJO or (sic) SoJO).
Contextual variations
JavaBeans
A JavaBean is a POJO that is serializable, has a no-argument constructor, and allows access to properties using getter and setter methods that follow a simple naming convention. Because of this convention, simple declarative references can be made to the properties of arbitrary JavaBeans. Code using such a declarative reference does not have to know anything about the type of the bean, and the bean can be used with many frameworks without these frameworks having to know the exact type of the bean.
The JavaBeans specification, if fully implemented, slightly breaks the POJO model as the class must implement the Serializable interface to be a true JavaBe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holistic%20Design | Holistic Design, Inc. (HDI), is an American game company.
It was founded in 1992 as Several Dudes Holistic Gaming. The company has developed many computer games in its history, including Battles of Destiny, Hammer of the Gods, Final Liberation, Merchant Prince series, Emperor of the Fading Suns, and Mall Tycoon. HDI also has a number of miniatures games in its inventory, including Noble Armada, Carnage and Combat Zone. Their most famous product is perhaps its role-playing game Fading Suns, but they also have a number of other RPGs to their credit, such as Rapture: The Second Coming, and their Real-Life Roleplaying series covering Afghanistan, Colombia, Somalia, and the FBI. In 2011, the company entered into an arrangement with RedBrick to continue the creation and publication of Fading Suns as a tabletop RPG. The company also announced a tablet game called Noble Armada which has not yet been released. In 2014, the company made arrangements for FASA Games to continue the same arrangement, which has produced a new core rulebook with plans for reprinting old ones. Only one of the original partners is still with the company, Ken Lightner, though the other current partners bring a broad array of game design skills to the firm, most notably Bill Bridges, Andrew Greenberg and Chris Wiese.
References
External links
Official website
Role-playing game publishing companies
Video game companies established in 1992
1992 establishments in the United States
Video game companies of the United States
Video game development companies |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penarth%20railway%20station | Penarth railway station is the railway station serving the town of Penarth in the Vale of Glamorgan, South Wales. It is the terminus of Network Rail's Penarth branch running from Cogan Junction to Penarth station, from the junction and south of station. The Penarth branch ran from Cogan Junction to Biglis Junction, a rail mileage of and was officially closed beyond Penarth after the last passenger train ran on Saturday 4 May 1968.
Station history
Heyday
Penarth Station (or Penarth Town as it was originally known) was built for the Cardiff, Penarth and Barry Junction Railway, and opened in 1878 as part of that company's new line to Lavernock. This was a continuation of the Taff Vale Railway's Penarth Extension Railway, which had been completed in February 1878 and gave the town its first rail link to Cardiff.
The Taff Vale took over the CP&BJR in 1889 and had the line completed from Lavernock to Biglis Junction (east of ) on the Barry Railway in 1890. The extension attracted holiday and weekend traffic from Penarth to the beach at Lavernock or Barry Island Pleasure Park for the day, with steam trains running every 30 minutes from 7.15 am until 11.45 pm in both directions. There was also a sizeable amount of commuter traffic from the station eastwards into Cardiff. As first constructed the station had two side platforms & tracks (plus a non-platform line for goods traffic), a signal box and a goods yard at the Lavernock end of the station.
After the Beeching review
After The Reshaping of British Railways report, British Rail withdrew the passenger service west of Penarth on 6 May 1968. General goods traffic over the route had previously ended on 7 October 1963 (the date the goods yard here also closed), leaving only the cement trains from the factory at Cosmeston and so the line beyond there closed to all traffic. The remaining section to Penarth followed suit in November 1969 when the Snowcem works closed, leaving the station as a dead-end terminus. The line has been single track between Cogan Junction and Penarth since February 1967.
Parts of the disused trackbed through Lower Penarth and towards Sully have been blocked and built on. Other parts have been turned into a rural railway walk and cycle path from north of Alberta Place (south of Penarth station) to Brockhill Rise road overbridge, approximately one half-mile north-east of the former Lavernock station.
Until 1968 Penarth station had two platforms, one on each side of the tracks for down and up traffic, with a gated foot crossing. After the branch was singled and the line on towards Sully and Biglis Junction closed, the platform buildings on the Plymouth Road side were sold and used as a garden centre until they were demolished in the 1980s and a new Government Jobcentre plus and private offices were built in their place. The loss of the down platform and its station building also effectively closed the station's main car parking area in the specially widened eastern end of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetone%20%28data%20page%29 | This page provides supplementary chemical data on acetone.
Material Safety Data Sheet
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions.
Mallinckrodt Baker
Science Stuff
Structure and properties
Thermodynamic properties
Vapor pressure of liquid
Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed.
Distillation data
See also:
Carbon tetrachloride (data page)
Butanone (data page)
Spectral data
References
Chemical data pages
Chemical data pages cleanup |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlightened%20Sound%20Daemon | In computing, the Enlightened Sound Daemon (ESD or EsounD) was the sound server for Enlightenment and GNOME. Esound is a small sound daemon for both Linux and UNIX. ESD was created to provide a consistent and simple interface to the audio device, so applications do not need to have different driver support written per architecture. It was also designed to enhance capabilities of audio devices such as allowing more than one application to share an open device. ESD accomplishes these things while remaining transparent to the application, meaning that the application developer can simply provide ESD support and let it do the rest. On top of this, the API is designed to be very similar to the current audio device API, making it easy to port to ESD.
ESD will mix the simultaneous audio output of multiple running programs, and output the resulting stream to the sound card.
ESD can also manage network-transparent audio. As such, an application that supports ESD can output audio over the network, to any connected computer that is running an ESD server.
ESD support must be specifically written and added into applications, as ESD does not emulate normal audio hardware APIs. Since ESD has been around for over a decade, earlier than almost any other sound server, a very large number of Unix applications have support for ESD output built-in, or available as add-ons.
ESD was maintained as part of the GNOME project, but as of April 2009, all ESD modules in GNOME have been ported to libcanberra for event sounds or GStreamer/PulseAudio for everything else.
PulseAudio 2.0 completely drops ESounD support.
Architecture Overview
Esound (ESD) is a stand-alone sound daemon that abstracts the system sound device to multiple clients. Under Linux using the Open Sound System (OSS), as well as other UNIX systems, typically only one process may open the sound device. This is not acceptable in a desktop environment like GNOME, as it is expected that many applications will be making sounds (music decoders, event based sounds, video conferencing, etc.). The ESD daemon connects to the sound device and accepts connections from multiple clients, mixing the incoming audio streams and sending the result to the sound device. Connections are only allowed to clients that can authenticate successfully, alleviating the concern that unauthorized users can eavesdrop via the sound device. In addition to accepting client connections from the local machine, ESD can be configured to accept client connections from remote hosts that authenticate successfully.
Applications wanting to contact the ESD daemon do so using the libesd library. Much like with file i/o, an ESD connection is first opened. The ESD daemon will be spawned automatically by libesd if a daemon is not already present. Data is then either read or written to the ESD daemon. For an ESD client local to the machine that the ESD daemon is running on, the data is transferred through a local socket, then written to the sound dev |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Star%20Horizon | The North Star Horizon was a popular 8-bit S-100 bus computer introduced in October 1977. Like most S-100 machines of the era, it was built around the Zilog Z80A microprocessor, and typically ran the CP/M operating system. It was produced by North Star Computers, and it could be purchased either in kit form or pre-assembled. The North Star Horizon was one of the first computers to have built in floppy drives as well as being one of the first personal computers to have a hard disk drive.
Specifications
The computer consists of a thick aluminium chassis separated into left and right compartments with a plywood cover which sat on the top and draped over the left and right sides. (It is one of only a handful of computers to be sold in a wooden cabinet. Later versions featured an all-metal case which met safety standards.) The rear section of the compartment on the right held a linear power supply, including a large transformer and power capacitors, comprising much of the bulk and weight of the system. The empty section in front of the power supply normally housed one or two floppy disk drives, placed on their side so the slots were vertical. The compartment on the left held the S-100 motherboard, rotated so the slots ran left-right. Although a few logic circuits were on the motherboard, primarily for I/O functions, both the processor and the memory resided in separate daughterboards.
Capable of running CP/M and NSDOS (North Star's proprietary Disk Operating System), a standard North Star system sported one or two hard-sectored 5.25 inch floppy disk drives and a serial interface to which one could connect a terminal to interact with it. NSDOS included North Star BASIC, a slightly non-standard dialect of BASIC, where some standard BASIC commands of the day had been changed, probably to avoid potential legal issues. Two examples of this were the EXAM and FILL commands, which took the place of the more common PEEK and POKE.
The Horizon was superseded by the all-in-one North Star Advantage in 1982. The Horizon found a niche in University environments where its inbuilt S-100 bus could be used to interface it to a variety of control systems.
North Star released a hard disk version, with an internal full height 5MB MFM drive. They also released an S-100 card with integrated memory and two serial ports which allowed up to eight users on one Horizon, each with their own CPU sharing the disk and other resources. This operated under TurboDOS, a multi user CP/M variant with some Unix-like features.
References
External links
NorthStar Horizon at Obsolete Technology
NorthStar Horizon at Old Computer Museum
North Star Computers Manuals from Harte Technologies
NorthStar documentation from Rich's classic computing lab
Early microcomputers
Computer-related introductions in 1977
S-100 machines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megazone%2023 | is a three-part Japanese cyberpunk original video animation created by Noboru Ishiguro, written by Hiroyuki Hoshiyama and Emu Arii, and directed by Ishiguro, Ichiro Itano, Kenichi Yatagai, and Shinji Aramaki. The series debuted in 1985. It was originally titled but the title was changed just before release.
The story follows Shougo Yahagi, a delinquent motorcyclist whose possession of a government prototype bike leads him to discover the truth about the city. Released on the VHS, Betamax, Laserdisc and VHD formats, the first part was a major commercial success in Japan upon release in 1985. It was also adapted into Robotech: The Movie (1986) in North America. The film's concept of a simulated reality has drawn comparisons to later films including Dark City (1998), The Matrix (1999) and Existenz (1999). It also inspired the video game 13 Sentinels: Aegis Rim (2019).
Plot
Megazone 23s story is set in the far future of the human race, after, in the early 24th century, various environmental issues rendered Earth uninhabitable, forcing humanity to leave in several massive colony ships, the titular Megazones. The story itself follows the population of Megazone Two Three, based on 1985's Tokyo, Japan, where the population has forgotten their status as space travellers.
Part I and II
The first two parts occur roughly 500 years after humanity left Earth, as the government attempt to hack into the civic computer, Bahamut, for their city, in order to use the city's benevolent artificial intelligence, known as EVE, to influence the people to help them in a near-endless war against the Dezalg, advanced humans from a rival Megazone.
Thrown into this is Shogo Yahagi, after he is given ownership of a strange experimental bike by an old friend of his. Over the course of the story, he discovers how false his world is, and eventually makes contact with the EVE Program, who enlists him to assist humanity in any way he can.
However, unfortunately, before he can do anything meaningful, the city's government become focused on the destruction of the Dezalg, and decide to terminate Shogo and EVE, who has fled into cyberspace.
In the end, Eve manages to save Shogo and his friends, sending them in Bahamut's system core to Earth as the battling ships are destroyed by an automated lunar defense system called ADAM, ending the conflict, at the price of an unknown number of people on both ships.
Part III
The third part occurs several centuries after this, with a hacker named Eiji Takanaka, who is scouted by a rebel group working against the teachings of a mysterious spiritual leader known as Bishop Won Dai. Sion, a high-ranking member of the rebel group, who work under the aegis of Orange Amusements, begins scouting Eiji, while also investigating a strange program called Project Heaven that the E=X Bureau, Won Dai's elite staff, are preparing.
Sion manages to confront Eiji as Orange attempt to stop whatever Project Heaven is, and, badly wounded, instructs Eiji to go to th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parent%20pointer%20tree | In computer science, an in-tree or parent pointer tree is an -ary tree data structure in which each node has a pointer to its parent node, but no pointers to child nodes. When used to implement a set of stacks, the structure is called a spaghetti stack, cactus stack or sahuaro stack (after the sahuaro, a kind of cactus). Parent pointer trees are also used as disjoint-set data structures.
The structure can be regarded as a set of singly linked lists that share part of their structure, in particular, their tails. From any node, one can traverse to ancestors of the node, but not to any other node.
Use in compilers
A compiler for a language such as C creates a spaghetti stack as it opens and closes symbol tables representing block scopes. When a new block scope is opened, a symbol table is pushed onto a stack. When the closing curly brace is encountered, the scope is closed and the symbol table is popped. But that symbol table is remembered, rather than destroyed. And of course it remembers its higher level "parent" symbol table and so on. Thus when the compiler is later performing translations over the abstract syntax tree, for any given expression, it can fetch the symbol table representing that expression's environment and can resolve references to identifiers. If the expression refers to a variable X, it is first sought after in the leaf symbol table representing the inner-most lexical scope, then in the parent and so on.
Use as call stacks
The term spaghetti stack is closely associated with implementations of programming languages that support continuations. Spaghetti stacks are used to implement the actual run-time stack containing variable bindings and other environmental features. When continuations must be supported, a function's local variables cannot be destroyed when that function returns: a saved continuation may later re-enter into that function, and will expect not only the variables there to be intact, but it will also expect the entire stack to be present so the function is able to return again. To resolve this problem, stack frames can be dynamically allocated in a spaghetti stack structure, and simply left behind to be garbage collected when no continuations refer to them any longer. This type of structure also solves both the upward and downward funarg problems, as a result first-class lexical closures are readily implemented in that substrate.
Examples of languages that use spaghetti stacks are:
Languages having first-class continuations such as Scheme and Standard ML of New Jersey
Languages where the execution stack can be inspected and modified at runtime such as
Smalltalk
Felix
Cilk
Mainframe computers using the Burroughs Large Systems architecture and running the MCP operating system can spawn multiple tasks within the same program. Since these were originally ALGOL-based systems they have to support nested functions and the result is that task creation results in a fork in the stack, which Burroughs informally des |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GnucDNA | GnucDNA was a software library for building peer-to-peer applications. It provides developers with a common layer to create their own Gnutella or Gnutella2 client or network. As a separate component, GnucDNA can be updated independently of the client, passing down improvements to the applications already using it.
General
GnucDNA is a widespread and established library which can be extended by programmers. It includes the capability of forming a decentralized network between peers with integrated Ultrapeer support, allowing the network to avoid bottlenecks of low bandwidth nodes. However, the Ultrapeer - respectively Hub on G2 - support is outdated compared to modern implementations by clients like gtk-gnutella and Shareaza.
The library gives programs which link to it the ability to share files with built-in support for uploading, downloading, file queuing and partial file sharing (the ability to upload verified chunks of a file while it is downloading), hash those files, extract meta-data to be shared through the network, and the ability to perform advanced searching by specific hash and meta-data parameters. GnucDNA also offers applications the ability to update their software easily through the same P2P network that they create.
The GnucDNA component is COM based to inherit the advantage of language independence and versatility. Applications in C++, Visual Basic, .Net, and even scripts can utilize GnucDNA. Also by being a separate component, it can be used in a number of alternate situations such as part of a plugin, a service or running behind a web server.
History
Over five years of development have already gone into coding, improving, and testing the GnucDNA as part of the Gnucleus project. As others took notice of the project the engine was duplicated over 15 times, but while the interfaces and services others provided were great, they could not keep up with the main development. So the decision was taken, to move the Gnucleus engine, now called GnucDNA, into a separate component, so that anyone has access to it without fear of falling behind in the developments and improvements that are made. It also opens up new doors for those interested in creating their own P2P networks, but do not want to re-invent the low layer communication and file transfer mechanisms.
Clients
Gnucleus
Gnucleus is the gnutella and Gnutella2 client project for Microsoft Windows that the GnucDNA library code originally has been developed in, before it was split to a semi-separated project. Just like the GnucDNA library, it has been released under the GNU General Public License.
The client is designed to be easy to use without reducing the number of options available. Gnucleus implements a number of features including Ultrapeer capability on gnutella (resp. Hub mode on G2), multisource swarming downloads, partial-file sharing, SHA1 file hashing, Merkle tree sub chunk verification and proxy server support.
Kiwi Alpha
Kiwi Alpha is a peer-to-peer file shar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSSE%20project | The Portable Open Source Security Elements (POSSE) project was a co-operative venture between the University of Pennsylvania Distributed Systems Laboratory, the OpenBSD project and others. It received funding through a grant from the United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The project's goal was to increase the security of some open source projects, including Apache and OpenSSL. The project ran from 2001 to April 2003, when the grant from DARPA was prematurely terminated.
Overview
This was a security initiative directed by the University of Pennsylvania Distributed Systems Laboratory and paid for through the Composable High Assurance Trusted Systems programme. POSSE was a US$2,125,000 grant "to introduce advanced security features used in special-purpose government computers into standard office PCs." The United States government hoped to benefit from the availability of better security features in affordable, standardized computers and software. OpenBSD was selected as "the computing world’s most secure forum for the development of open-source software" and approximately US$1,000,000 was allotted to its development.
Colleagues in the POSSE project included Theo de Raadt, the founder and leader of the OpenBSD Project, Ben Laurie of the Apache Software Foundation and OpenSSL Group, and numerous faculty and graduate students from the University of Pennsylvania.
In April 2003, speaking in an interview to the Canadian newspaper The Globe and Mail, Theo de Raadt remarked on the occupation of Iraq: "I try to convince myself that our grant means a half of a cruise missile doesn't get built." Jonathan Smith, the head of the POSSE project, stated that US military officials had expressed discomfort with this comment. DARPA's funding for the project was subsequently terminated. It was theorized that the US government disapproved of de Raadt's comments and that they led to the decision to cancel the grant. However, DARPA spokeswoman Jan Walker explained it was triggered by "recent world events and specifically the evolving threat posed by increasingly capable nation-states."
References
External links
The POSSE Project homepage
CNET, 17 April 2003: Defense agency pulls OpenBSD funding
LWN.net, 23 April 2003: DARPA Cancels OpenBSD Funding
Worker's World, 1 May 2003: Pentagon punishes software developer for anti-war comments
DARPA
OpenBSD |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDEA%20NXT | In cryptography, the IDEA NXT algorithm (previously known as FOX) is a block cipher designed by Pascal Junod and Serge Vaudenay of EPFL (Lausanne, Switzerland). It was conceived between 2001 and 2003. The project was originally named FOX and was published in 2003. In May 2005, it was announced by MediaCrypt under the name IDEA NXT. IDEA NXT is the successor to the International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) and also uses the Lai–Massey scheme. MediaCrypt AG holds patents on elements of IDEA and IDEA NXT. The cipher is specified in two configurations: NXT64 (with block of 64 bits, key of 128 bits, 16 rounds) and NXT128 (with block of 128 bits, key of 256 bits, 16 rounds).
References
External links
FOX Specifications Version 1.2
256bit Ciphers - IDEANXT Reference implementation and derived code
Mediacrypt homepage — IDEA licensor
FOX: a new family of block ciphers
FOX algorithm implementation - a hardware design approach
BSD licensed C Software implementation of IDEA NXT
U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. 2004/0247117
U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. 2005/0053233
Block ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20television%20channels%20in%20Italy | This is a list of national Italian TV services available on digital terrestrial, satellite, cable systems in Italy. Some channels have a "timeshift" service, i.e. the same programming (and usually advertisements as well) broadcast one or two hours later to give viewers another chance to catch a favourite programme. On free satellite, as well as on Sky Italia, foreign channels are also available, such as Euronews, CNN International, MTV Dance, MTV Rocks, etc. For Italian-speaking channels not based in Italy, or not having studios in Italy, please see the link above this paragraph.
National networks
See also
Television in Italy
Media of Italy
List of newspapers in Italy
List of magazines published in Italy
List of radio stations in Italy
Censorship in Italy
Telecommunications in Italy
Internet in Italy
References
Italy
Channels |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamus | Shamus may refer to:
Shamus (video game), a 1982 computer game from Synapse Software
Shamus (film), a 1973 film starring Burt Reynolds
Shamus Wong, a character from the children's book Tracey McBean
Colloquial term for a private detective
People
Shamus Culhane (1908–1996), American animator, film director and producer
Shamus Khan (born 1978), American sociologist
Shamus O'Brien (1907–1981), Scottish-American soccer player
Gareb Shamus, CEO of Wizard Entertainment
See also
Shamu, SeaWorld's first killer whale (died 1971)
Shamu (SeaWorld show), SeaWorld's contemporary killer whale shows
Seamus (disambiguation)
Sheamus (born 1978), Irish professional wrestler
Shammes or Gabbai, a term for the sexton or caretaker of a synagogue |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikitorial | Wikitorial is a term coined by the Los Angeles Times to describe a traditional editorial that can be edited in the fashion of a wiki (computer software that allows users to edit text and make changes to one document). On June 17, 2005, the Los Angeles Times wrote the first Wikitorial, entitled War and Consequences, on the subject of the War in Iraq. Below that editorial the paper wrote an invitation to its readers to rewrite the editorial in the wiki fashion. They called the experiment a "public beta" and suggested that it might be either a failure or a new form of opinion journalism.
Jimmy Wales, head of the Wikimedia Foundation, which governs Wikipedia, was one of the early contributors to the new Wikitorial which inspired a counterpoint editorial, redirections and much discussion.
Closing
The L.A. Times Wikitorial was closed on June 19, 2005. This was due to a vandal inserting multiple pictures of goatse. Around 4:30 AM local time the vandal was changing the site to pornographic photos and just as quickly, within seconds, a guardian was reverting it to the earlier editorial. Shortly after 5:00 AM the connection was broken and the Wikitorial ceased to be available.
Readers who access the site find this message:
Where is the wikitorial?
Unfortunately, we have had to remove this feature, at least temporarily, because a few readers were flooding the site with inappropriate material.
Thanks and apologies to the thousands of people who logged on in the right spirit.
During the two days the Wikitorial was available it had changed from the original length (just under eleven hundred words) to just over twenty-seven hundred words. Several experienced Wikipedians offered suggestions for the organization of the Wikitorial.
References
External links
Wikitorial
Wikitorial Fork
Archives of the Wikitorial entry "Dreams About War and Retribution"
Los Angeles Times
Opinion journalism
Wiki concepts |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Heusaff | Alan Heusaff, also Alan Heussaff (23 July 1921 in Saint-Yvi, Finistère – 3 November 1999 in Galway) was a Breton nationalist, linguist, dictionary compiler, prolific journalist and lifetime campaigner for solidarity between the Celtic peoples. A co-founder of the Celtic League in 1961, he was its first general secretary until 1984.
A native Breton speaker, he trained as a primary school teacher but in his early twenties joined the separatist Bezen Perrot militia (1943–44), for which he was sentenced to death in absentia at a court martial by the post-World War II French government, but eventually amnestied in 1967. After studying mathematics and physics at the University of Marburg, Germany, he arrived in Ireland in 1950. He continued his studies at University College, Galway, and, on graduation, joined the Irish Meteorological Service, becoming a naturalised Irish citizen in 1955.
An aviation meteorologist, he devoted his spare time and retirement to peaceful activism, promoting the languages, culture and autonomy of the Celtic countries. Among the honours he received for his work was the 1986 Gradam an Phiarsaigh (annual Pearse award) presented by the President of Ireland, Patrick Hillery. In the same year, at the Welsh Eisteddfod, he was elected as a Bard of the Welsh Gorsedd. He was fluent in all the six modern Celtic languages as well as English, French and German.
Death
Heusaff died on 3 November 1999, at his home near An Spidéal in Connemara, Galway. He married Bríd Ní Dhochartaigh in 1953 (died 2 February 2008); the couple had six children, four girls and two boys.
Youth in Brittany
Heusaff was born in 1921 in Sant Ivi, near Rosporden, now in Kernev (Cornouaille, Department of Finistère). His family originated in nearby Toulgoat and his parents, Sébastien and Mari Heusaff, were native Breton speakers. Heusaff spoke only Breton at the time he was sent to school.(1) When Heusaff was growing up it was estimated there were well over a million native speakers of this Celtic language. In 1925 the French Minister of Education, Anatole de Monzie, made clear the Government policy: "For the linguistic unity of France, Breton must be exterminated". Now banned by law was the teaching of language, literature, history, folklore and anything interpreted as "nationalist". (2)
Arriving in a French-speaking school in these circumstances profoundly affected the boy. His community's language was openly vilified and children were punished if caught speaking it. Nevertheless, Heusaff had a good ear for languages and eventually joined the École Normale in Kemper (Quimper, Finistère) where he trained as a primary-school teacher. He continued to be acutely aware of the state's policy on Breton. Most native speakers, under these conditions, were made illiterate in their own language by the state. Yet Breton was an old literary language with the first manuscripts in it surviving from a century earlier than such manuscripts in French.(3)
To teach himself liter |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery%20Real%20Time | Discovery Real Time was a British television channel owned by Discovery Networks UK focused on educational and learning content.
History
It was originally launched on 9 March 1992 as The Learning Channel, United Kingdom's version of the American television network of the same name as a daytime service from Intelsat, mostly aimed at cable systems, and was initially broadcast on the Discovery Channel's frequency.
When the Discovery Channel launched on Astra satellite on 22 July 1993, it didn't initially carry TLC in the daytime. From 5 September 1994, it shared a transponder on the Astra 1C satellite with the Discovery Channel, which started its broadcasts at 4.00pm. It was later rebranded as Discovery Home & Leisure on 3 April 1997, but full day broadcasting started with the launch of Sky Digital from 1 October 1998. On 22 May 2001, a timeshift channel called Discovery Home & Leisure +1 was launched.
From 1997 to 2002, the logo was a blue oblong containing a window, however this was changed to a red background featuring a stylised 'H&L', staying like this until 2005.
The channel was relaunched as Discovery Real Time on 7 May 2005 in the British market. The channel aimed at complementing the female-skewed Discovery Home & Health (which itself replaced Discovery Health). A sister channel called Discovery Real Time Extra was launched on 22 August 2005. On 20 March 2009, it was replaced with Discovery Shed.
Discovery Real Time is also available in some other regions, including France and Italy. The channel used to be available in Asia since October 2008, and it has become the Indian version of Discovery Turbo.
The channel closed along with Discovery Travel & Living at 6.00am on 30 April 2013, to be replaced by TLC and Investigation Discovery +1. The final signature programme for Discovery Real Time was Bob Ross' The Joy of Painting, given that TLC chasing a completely different demographic than the old version and treating it as a new channel launch rather than a return.
In 2018, the channel launched in South Africa for MultiChoice's DStv on 15 April 2019, as well as StarTimes (channel 161 satellite, channel 158 terrestrial) and in 2020 on Canal+ Afrique (channel 47 and 400).
See also
List of television channels in the United Kingdom
Timeline of cable television in the United Kingdom
Real Time (TV channel)
References
External links
Discovery Channel UK
Discovery Real Time on TVARK
Warner Bros. Discovery networks
Real Time
Television channels and stations established in 1992
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2013
Defunct television channels in the United Kingdom
1990s in British television
2000s in British television
2010s in British television
History of television in the United Kingdom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20P.%20Carrell | James P. Carrell (February 13, 1787 – October 28, 1854), of Lebanon, Virginia, was a minister, singing teacher, composer and songbook compiler. He compiled two songbooks in the four-shape shape note tradition.
Musical compilations
Carrell's Songs of Zion was a small book of 64 pages, printed by Ananias Davisson in Harrisonburg, Virginia in 1821 and containing mostly music by Carrell himself. In 1831, Carrell released Virginia Harmony with David L. Clayton (1801-1854). This book was printed in Winchester, Virginia by Samuel H. Davis, containing 191 tunes on 167 pages. A second edition of Virginia Harmony was printed in 1836 with 33 additional pages of music. Seventeen songs in this edition are attributed to Carrell.
One of the songs in Virginia Harmony was the Isaac Watts hymn "There Is a Land of Pure Delight", set to the anonymous tune "Harmony Grove". "Harmony Grove" is now the tune most associated with the John Newton hymn "Amazing Grace", and for many years Carrell and Clayton were credited as the composers.
Personal life
Carrell was born February 13, 1787, in Washington County, Virginia. He married Martha George Peery. They had two children, Charles and George. Carrell was a minister of the Methodist Church. In addition to his ministerial and musical activities, Carrell served as county court clerk of Russell County, Virginia. He died October 28, 1854, and is buried in the Old Lebanon Cemetery (aka North Church Street Cemetery).
References
Further reading
External links
Messiah - Image of Carrell's song Messiah, as found in the 1860 Sacred Harp
Will of James P. Carrell
American male composers
American composers
1787 births
1854 deaths
People from Lebanon, Virginia
Burials in Virginia
Songwriters from Virginia
People from Washington County, Virginia
19th-century American male musicians
American male songwriters |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNEM-TV | WNEM-TV (channel 5) is a television station licensed to Bay City, Michigan, United States, serving northeastern Michigan as a dual affiliate of CBS and MyNetworkTV. Owned by Gray Television, the station maintains studios on North Franklin Street in downtown Saginaw, with a second newsroom in downtown Flint. Its transmitter is located on Becker Road in Robin Glen-Indiantown, in Buena Vista Township, east of Saginaw.
History
NBC affiliate
On the week before May 5, 1952, Goodwill Stations, owner of WJR radio in Detroit, announced the intent of applying for four station licenses which would operate as a regional network—UHF channel 50 in Detroit, channel 11 in Toledo, Ohio, channel 12 in Flint and channel 5 in Bay City. WNEM-TV was founded by the Northeastern Michigan Corporation, hence the call letters, on February 16, 1954, as an NBC affiliate. Originally, its main studios were located on rented space at Bishop International Airport in Flint with auxiliary studios in its city of license, Bay City. In the 1960s, it moved its main studios to the transmitter site in Indiantown, after flirting with the idea of co-locating the television station on the WSAM tower in Saginaw. During its first four years, WNEM-TV had a secondary affiliation with ABC sharing programming from that network with WKNX-TV (channel 57, now WEYI-TV channel 25) until 1958 when WJRT-TV signed-on and took that affiliation. WNEM-TV also aired programming from DuMont until that network dissolved in August 1956.
Professional violinist James Gerity's Gerity Broadcasting bought the station in 1961 and sold it to the Meredith Corporation in 1969. The transition to Meredith was first announced in 1968, and was at that time, the first and only NBC affiliate owned by the company (a distinction later held by WSMV, until it was transferred to Gray). In the mid-1980s, the station moved its primary studios to their current location in downtown Saginaw. The Becker Road studios would later be used for the Buena Vista campus of Delta College, though the complex still houses WNEM-TV's transmitter.
CBS affiliate
On January 16, 1995, WNEM-TV and WEYI swapped networks, and WNEM-TV became a CBS affiliate (announced June 30, 1994). The move came as part of the larger U.S. television network affiliation switches of 1994 that saw CBS' longtime affiliate in Detroit, WJBK-TV, switch to the Fox network, and CBS was unable to get WXYZ-TV (whose ABC affiliation was renewed), WXON-TV, WKBD, WDIV, or WADL to switch networks; CBS eventually purchased independent station WGPR-TV and transformed it into WWJ-TV in December 1994.
The day that WNEM-TV became a CBS affiliate, it also took on secondary affiliations with both UPN and The WB and aired programming from the two networks late at night. The station relinquished the secondary WB affiliation in October 1999 to WEYI. It dropped CBS' daytime soap opera Guiding Light in 1996 due to low ratings, which made it one of two CBS stations in the nation that did not c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol%20Katz | Sol Katz (August 3, 1947 – April 23, 1999) was an American software developer who pioneered geospatial computer software (a sub-category of GIS) and left behind a large body of work in the form of computer applications and format specifications while at the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. This early archive provided both source code and applications freely available to the community, including the Windows application PC-MOSS, where MOSS (Map Overlay and Statistical System) is the earliest known Open Source Geographic Information System. Katz was also a frequent contributor to many geospatial list servers.
Katz was born in Sweden in 1947 and moved to New York City at the age of 1. Yiddish was his first language, but he learned both Hebrew and English. After high school, he spent three years in the US Air Force, stationed in Germany. Following his brief military career, he decided to go to Brooklyn College in New York where he got his bachelor's degree in geology in 2.5 years. He then married his wife Hedy in 1969, and went back to Brooklyn College while teaching in New York Public Schools and got his master's degree, also in geology. After several years working for the U.S. Bureau of Land Management in several states, he settled down in Lakewood, Colorado and decided to go back to school at the University of Denver to study computer science and earned a second master's degree. At this time, he also had two children—Shanna and Risa. Katz died on April 23, 1999, from non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
GFOSS Award
The Sol Katz Award for Geospatial Free and Open Source Software (GFOSS) is given to individuals who have demonstrated leadership in the GFOSS community.
2005 – Frank Warmerdam – Developer of the GDAL/OGR library
2006 – Markus Neteler – GRASS GIS developer since 1998 and founding-member of Open Source Geospatial Foundation ( OSGeo )
2007 – Steve Lime – Leader of the MapServer Project
2008 – Paul Ramsey – Leader of the PostGIS project
2009 – Daniel Morissette – Co-leader of the MapServer project and PSC of the GDAL/OGR library
2010 – Helena Mitášová – Contributor to GRASS, author, and promoter of FOSS4G in academia
2011 – Martin Davis – Developer of JTS, the Java Topology Suite
2012 – Venkatesh Raghavan – Founder of the FOSS4G community
2013 – Arnulf Christl – Co-founder of the OSGeo Foundation
2014 – Gary Sherman – Founder of the QGIS Project
2015 – Maria Brovelli – Advocate of FOSS4G and GeoForAll
2016 – Jeff McKenna – Longtime passion and leadership spreading FOSS4G and OSGeo around the world
2017 – Andrea Aime – GeoServer and GeoTools core developer
2018 – Astrid Emde – leadership and longtime efforts for OSGeo and FOSSGIS communities
2019 – Even Rouault – dedication to so many projects including GDAL, PROJ, and many others
2020 – Anita Graser – QGIS advocate, developer, and leader, providing so much useful material to users
2021 – Malena Libman – Bringing so many communities and groups together, and empowering them, leaving a worldwide legacy
2 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violet%20Parr | Violet Parr is a fictional character who appears in Pixar's computer-animated superhero film The Incredibles (2004) and its sequel Incredibles 2 (2018). The eldest child and only daughter of Bob and Helen Parr (Mr. Incredible and Elastigirl), Violet is born with the superhuman ability to render herself invisible, as well as generate force fields. Voiced by Sarah Vowell, Violet is a shy junior high school student who longs to fit in among her peers, a task she believes is hindered by her superpowers. Throughout the course of the films, Violet gradually matures and becomes more confident in herself as both a young woman and a superhero.
Violet's creator, screenwriter and director Brad Bird, decided to grant Violet the ability to turn invisible because he felt that this specific superpower mirrors some of the challenges that teenage girls experience while growing up, namely insecurity and defensiveness. Bird cast Vowell as Violet upon listening to her contribute a real-life story about her father to the radio program This American Life, with Violet ultimately becoming Vowell's first voice-acting role. Vowell identified with the character's shy, insecure nature, in addition to observing similarities between Violet's relationship with Bob and her relationship with her own father.
New computer technology was developed to animate Violet's hair, which animators identified as the most difficult component of The Incredibles since such a large quantity of hair had never been featured in a computer-animated film before. The character's hair serves as an important aspect of Violet's character development, which demonstrates her steady increase in self-confidence as she gradually ceases to hide her face behind it.
Reception towards Violet has been positive, with film critics commending her character development and relatability, as well as Vowell's vocal performance. Critics have also heavily compared Violet to the comic book superheroine the Invisible Woman, whose superpowers she shares. The character's likeness has since been used in several tie-in media and merchandise associated with the films, including toys, books and video game adaptations.
Development
Creation and casting
Screenwriter and director Brad Bird conceived Violet as "a 14-year-old teenage girl who just wants to be invisible". In early drafts of the screenplay, Violet was depicted as an infant as opposed to a teenager, since parents Bob and Helen Parr were originally intended to be introduced as retired superheroes who had just begun to attempt to live normal lives much earlier during the film. Violet is voiced by American author and actress Sarah Vowell, who related that she was offered the role unexpectedly. While beginning to cast the film's main characters, Bird had been listening to the National Public Radio program This American Life, to which Vowell is a frequent contributor. During one of Vowell's regular appearances on the show, Bird heard her contribute an anecdote about a can |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUNMOS | SUNMOS (Sandia/UNM Operating System) is an operating system jointly developed by Sandia National Laboratories and the Computer Science Department at the University of New Mexico. The goal of the project, started in 1991, is to develop a highly portable, yet efficient, operating system for massively parallel-distributed memory systems.
SUNMOS uses a single-tasking kernel and does not provide demand paging. It takes control of all nodes in the distributed system. Once an application is loaded and running, it can manage all the available memory on a node and use the full resources provided by the hardware. Applications are started and controlled from a process called yod that runs on the host node. Yod runs on a Sun frontend for the nCUBE 2, and on a service node on the Intel Paragon.
SUNMOS was developed as a reaction to the heavy weight version of OSF/1 that ran as a single-system image on the Paragon and consumed 8-12 MB of the 16 MB available on each node, leaving little memory available for the compute applications. In comparison, SUNMOS used 250 KB of memory per node. Additionally, the overhead of OSF/1 limited the network bandwidth to 35 MB/s, while SUNMOS was able to use 170 MB/s of the peak 200 MB/s available.
The ideas in SUNMOS inspired PUMA, a multitasking variant that only ran on the i860 Paragon. Among the extensions in PUMA was the Portals API, a scalable, high performance message passing API. Intel ported PUMA and Portals to the Pentium Pro based ASCI Red system and named it Cougar. Cray ported Cougar to the Opteron based Cray XT3 and renamed it Catamount. A version of Catamount was released to the public named OpenCatamount.
In 2009, the Catamount lightweight kernel was selected for an R&D 100 Award.
See also
Compute Node Linux
CNK operating system
References
External links
SUNMOS FTP site
A humorous field guide to differences between SUNMOS and OSF
OpenCatamount.
Supercomputer operating systems
Sandia National Laboratories |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular%20Audio%20Recognition%20Framework | Modular Audio Recognition Framework (MARF) is an open-source research platform and a collection of voice, sound, speech, text and natural language processing (NLP) algorithms written in Java and arranged into a modular and extensible framework that attempts to facilitate addition of new algorithms. MARF may act as a library in applications or be used as a source for learning and extension. A few example applications are provided to show how to use the framework. There is also a detailed manual and the API reference in the javadoc format as the project tends to be well documented. MARF, its applications, and the corresponding source code and documentation are released under the BSD-style license.
References
Footnotes
Speech recognition software
Natural language processing software
Java (programming language) libraries
Free audio software
Software using the BSD license |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SGI%20Crimson | The IRIS Crimson (code-named Diehard2) is a Silicon Graphics (SGI) computer released in 1992. It is the world's first 64-bit workstation.
Crimson is a member of Silicon Graphics's SGI IRIS 4D series of deskside systems; it is also known as the 4D/510 workstation. It is similar to other SGI IRIS 4D deskside workstations, and can use a wide range of graphics options (up to RealityEngine). It is also available as a file server with no graphics.
This machine makes a brief appearance in the movie Jurassic Park (1993) where Lex uses the machine to navigate the IRIX filesystem in 3D using the application fsn to restore power to the compound. The next year, Silicon Graphics released a rebadged, limited edition Crimson R4400/VGXT called the Jurassic Classic, with a special logo and SGI co-founder James H. Clark's signature on the drive door.
Features
One MIPS 100 MHz R4000 or 150 MHz R4400 processor
Choice of seven high performance 3D graphics subsystems
Up to 256 MB memory and internal disk capacity up to 7.2 GB, expandable to greater than 72 GB using additional enclosures
I/O subsystem includes four VMEbus expansion slots, Ethernet and two SCSI channels with disk striping support
Crimson memory is unique to this model.
References
External links
IRIS Crimson
Crimson
64-bit computers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn%20Engquist | Björn Engquist (also Bjorn Engquist; born 2 June 1945 in Stockholm) has been a leading contributor in the areas of multiscale modeling and scientific computing, and a productive educator of applied mathematicians.
Life
He received his PhD in numerical analysis from University of Uppsala in 1975, and taught there during the following years while also holding a professorship at the University of California, Los Angeles. In 2001, he moved to Princeton University as the Michael Henry Stater University Professor of Mathematics and served as the director of the Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics. He has also been professor at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm since 1993, and is director of the Parallel and Scientific Computing Institute. Engquist currently holds the Computational and Applied Mathematics Chair I at the Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin, after leaving Princeton in 2005.
Research
His research field is computational and applied mathematics and numerical methods for differential equations with applications to multi-scale modeling, electromagnetism, and fluid mechanics. Engquist has authored more than 100 scientific publications and advised 31 PhD students.
Awards
He is a recipient of numerous distinctions and awards: a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, and an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians (1982 and 1998), European Congress of Mathematics (1992), and European Congress of Fluid Mechanics (1991). He received the first SIAM James H. Wilkinson Prize in Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing (1982), Peter Henrici Prize (2011), and George David Birkhoff Prize (2012). He was selected to the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in 2011.
References
External links
Homepage at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm
Homepage at the University of Texas at Austin
1945 births
Living people
Numerical analysts
University of Texas at Austin faculty
KTH Royal Institute of Technology alumni
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Uppsala University alumni
Princeton University faculty
Computational fluid dynamicists
20th-century Swedish mathematicians
21st-century Swedish mathematicians
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
Fellows of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz-Otto%20Kreiss | Heinz-Otto Kreiss (14 September 1930 – 16 December 2015) was a German mathematician in the fields of numerical analysis, applied mathematics, and what was the new area of computing in the early 1960s. Born in Hamburg, Germany, he earned his Ph.D. at Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan in 1959. Over the course of his long career, Kreiss wrote a number of books in addition to the purely academic journal articles he authored across several disciplines. He was professor at Uppsala University, California Institute of Technology and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He was also a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. At the time of his death, Kreiss was a Swedish citizen, living in Stockholm. He died in Stockholm in 2015, aged 85.
Kreiss did research on the initial value problem for partial differential equations, numerical treatment of partial differential equations, difference equations, and applications to hydrodynamics and meteorology.
In 1974, he delivered a plenary lecture Initial Boundary Value Problems for Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations at the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) in Vancouver. In 2002 he won the National Academy of Sciences Award in Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics. In 2003 he was the John von Neumann Lecturer of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM). He was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
His doctoral students include Björn Engquist and Bertil Gustafsson. His daughter, Gunilla Kreiss, was a student of Engquist.
Selected publications
with Jens Lorenz: Initial-boundary value problems and the Navier-Stokes equations, Academic Press 1989, SIAM 2004
with Hedwig Ulmer Busenhart: Time-dependent partial differential equations and their numerical solution, Birkhäuser 2001
with Bertil Gustafsson, Joseph Oliger: time-dependent problems and difference methods, Wiley 1995
References
External links
Literature by and about Heinz-Otto Kreiss, Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek
20th-century German mathematicians
KTH Royal Institute of Technology alumni
California Institute of Technology faculty
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
1930 births
2015 deaths |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICSE | ICSE may refer to:
International Conference on Software Engineering
Indian Certificate of Secondary Education |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Public-Access%20Computer%20Systems%20Review | The Public-Access Computer Systems Review (PACS Review) was an open access journal about end-user computer systems in libraries. Established in 1989, the journal ceased operation in 2000.
During its nine years of publication, PACS Review published 42 issues that included 112 articles, columns, reviews, and editorials. The PACS Review was indexed in Current Index to Journals in Education, Information Science Abstracts, and Library Literature.
PACS Review is archived on the Internet Archive and the Texas Digital Library.
History
PACS Review was the first open access journal in the field of library and information science. It was established in 1989 by Charles W. Bailey, Jr., who served as Editor-in-Chief from 1989 through 1996. PACS Review was published by the University of Houston Libraries.
PACS Review was announced on the PACS-L discussion list on August 16, 1989. A call for papers was issued on October 16, 1989. The publication of the first issue was announced on January 3, 1990. The journal was cataloged on OCLC and assigned an ISSN number by the Library of Congress National Serials Data Program on February 1, 1990.
Initially, PACS Review published scholarly papers (Communications section), columns, and reviews. Papers in the Communications section were selected by the Editor-in-Chief and the Associate Editor, Communications. A private mailing list was utilized for communication with editorial staff and editorial board members. Most communication with authors was done via e-mail, including paper submission.
PACS Review was published three times a year. New issue announcements were distributed as e-mail messages on the PACS-L discussion list, and users retrieved the ASCII article files from the University of Houston's LISTSERV via e-mail.
Authors retained the copyright to PACS Review articles, but gave the University of Houston the nonexclusive right to publish the articles in PACS Review and in future publications. Authors could republish their articles elsewhere, but they agreed to mention prior publication of the articles in the PACS Review within these works. Copying of PACS Review articles was permitted for educational, noncommercial use by academic computer centers, individual scholars, and libraries.
On October 29, 1991, PACS Review adopted a more flexible publication schedule that reduced article publication time.
A Refereed Articles section of PACS Review was announced on November 11, 1991, and a call for papers was issued on February 6, 1992. The Refereed Articles section included papers that were peer-reviewed by editorial board members using a double-blind review procedure, which was usually conducted via e-mail. The publication of the first refereed paper in PACS Review was announced on April 6, 1992.
Between 1992 and 1996, the first five volumes of PACS Review were published in book form by the Library and Information Technology Association (LITA). Walt Crawford prepared the camera-ready copy for these volumes and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20by%20North%20Quahog | "North by North Quahog" is the fourth season premiere of the animated television series Family Guy. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 1, 2005, though it had premiered three days earlier at a special screening at the University of Vermont, Burlington. In the episode, Peter and Lois go on a second honeymoon to rekindle their marriage, but are chased by Mel Gibson after Peter steals the sequel to The Passion of the Christ from Gibson's private hotel room. Meanwhile, Brian and Stewie take care of Chris and Meg at home.
Family Guy had been canceled in 2002 due to low ratings, but was revived by Fox after reruns on Adult Swim became the cable network's most watched program, and more than three million DVDs of the show were sold. Written by series creator Seth MacFarlane and directed by Peter Shin, much of the plot and many of the technical aspects of the episode, as well as the title, are direct parodies of the 1959 Alfred Hitchcock classic movie North by Northwest; in addition, the episode makes use of Bernard Herrmann's theme music from that film. The episode contains many cultural references; in the cold opening Peter lists 29 shows that were canceled by Fox after Family Guy was canceled and says that if all of those shows were to be canceled, they might have a chance at returning.
Critical responses to "North by North Quahog" were mostly positive, with the opening sequence being praised in particular. The episode was watched by nearly 12 million viewers and received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Animated Program (for Programming Less Than One Hour). Shin won an Annie Award for Directing in an Animated Television Production for this episode.
Plot
In the cold open, Peter tells his family that they have "been canceled". He then lists all 29 shows that were canceled by Fox between the show's cancellation and revival and says that if all of those shows were to be canceled, they might have a chance at returning.
As Peter and Lois are having sex, she yells out George Clooney's name, so Peter realizes that she is imagining him as Clooney to maintain her libido. Lois and Peter decide to take a second honeymoon to enliven their marriage, and leave their dog Brian to take care of their children Stewie, Chris, and Meg. Brian is unable to control the children, but Stewie offers to help (in exchange for Brian changing his diaper) and together they manage the home. The pair chaperone a dance at Chris's school, during which the school principal catches Chris in the boys' restroom with vodka that belongs to his classmate Jake Tucker. Although Brian and Stewie punish Chris by grounding him, they try to clear his name. Jake's father Tom refuses to believe Brian and Stewie, so they resort to planting cocaine in Jake's locker, and Jake is sentenced to community service.
On the way to their vacation spot, Lois falls asleep. Unfortunately, Peter doesn't pay attention to the road, deciding instead to read a comic b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixminion | Mixminion is the standard implementation of the Type III anonymous remailer protocol. Mixminion can send and receive anonymous e-mail.
Mixminion uses a mix network architecture to provide strong anonymity, and prevent eavesdroppers and other attackers from linking senders and recipients. Volunteers run servers (called "mixes") that receive messages, decrypt them, re-order them, and re-transmit them toward their eventual destination. Every e-mail passes through several mixes so that no single mix can link message senders with recipients.
To send an anonymous message, mixminion breaks it into uniform-sized chunks (also called "packets"), pads the packets to a uniform size, and chooses a path through the mix network for each packet. The software encrypts every packet with the public keys for each server in its path, one by one. When it is time to transmit a packet, mixminion sends it to the first mix in the path. The first mix decrypts the packet, learns which mix will receive the packet, and relays it. Eventually, the packet arrives at a final (or "exit") mix, which sends it to the chosen recipient. Because no mix sees any more of the path besides the immediately adjacent mixes, they cannot link senders to recipients.
Mixminion supports Single-Use Reply Blocks (or SURBs) to allow anonymous recipients. A SURB encodes a half-path to a recipient, so that each mix in the sequence can unwrap a single layer of the path, and encrypt the message for the recipient. When the message reaches the recipient, the recipient can decode the message and learn which SURB was used to send it; the sender does not know which recipient has received the anonymous message.
The most current version of Mixminion Message Sender is 1.2.7 and was released on 11 February 2009.
On 2 September 2011, a news announcement was made that stated the source was uploaded to GitHub
See also
Anonymity
Anonymous P2P
Anonymous remailer
Cypherpunk anonymous remailer (Type I)
Mixmaster anonymous remailer (Type II)
Onion routing
Tor (anonymity network)
Pseudonymous remailer (a.k.a. nym servers)
Penet remailer
Data privacy
Traffic analysis
References
External links
Windows GUI Frontend for Mixminion
Apple OSX, Macport File for Mixminion
Network stats
Noreply number of mixminion nodes
Internet Protocol based network software
Anonymity networks
Routing
Network architecture
Mix networks |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimetric | Antimetric may refer to:
Antimetric (electrical networks) of a network that exhibits anti-symmetrical electrical properties
Antimetric matrix, a matrix equal to its negative transpose
Antimetrication, a position opposed to the use of the metric system of measurements |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeSharing%20Network | The FreeSharing Network was an international free recycling network that redistributes unwanted usable items by making them available free via a network of locally managed internet mailing lists.
FreeSharing.org was created on February 8, 2005 as an alternative to the existing The Freecycle Network.
At the time several existing Freecycle groups expressed displeasure with the sponsorship of Freecycle by Waste Management Inc.
More recently several Freecycle groups became displeased with Freecycle's trademark enforcement practices and their continuing legal battles against free recycling groups not affiliated with TFN and chose to become independent and list their groups in the FreeSharing.org directory.
The website FreeSharing.org was created by Eric Burke of Anderson, South Carolina to act as a directory of independent, free recycling groups and to continue the work of sharing usable items with the community instead of throwing them in the trash.
On July 3, 2007 there were 733 groups in the directory serving over 250,000 members in the USA, Canada, UK and around the world.
As of June 2016 freesharing.org is listed by "whois" as owned by Kornsin Dhanasin of Saparnsung, Bangkok, Thailand and the URL is parked and for sale.
Similar sites
Freegle
The Freecycle Network
Regiving
Any Good To You
External links
Waste Lines: As Freecycle grows, idealism and reality collide - article in Grist magazine about issues confronting FreeCycle that led to the creation of FreeSharing.org
Freecycling Blog
Waste organizations
Recycling organizations
Freecycling |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.323%20Gatekeeper | An H.323 Gatekeeper serves the purpose of Call Admission Control and translation services from E.164 IDs (commonly a phone number) to IP addresses in an H.323 telephony network. Gatekeepers can be combined with a gateway function to proxy H.323 calls and are sometimes referred to as session border controllers (SBC). A gatekeeper can also deny access or limit the number of simultaneous connections to prevent network congestion.
H.323 endpoints are not required to register with a gatekeeper to be able to place point to point calls, but they are essential for any serious H.323 network to control call prefix routing and link capacities among other functions.
A typical H.323 Gatekeeper call flow for a successful call may look like:-
| | | |
Endpoint A Endpoint B
1234 1123
Endpoint A dials 1123 from the system.
Endpoint A sends ARQ (Admission Request) to the Gatekeeper.
Gatekeeper returns ACF (Admission Confirmation) with IP address of endpoint B.
Endpoint A sends Q.931 call setup messages to endpoint B.
Endpoint B sends the Gatekeeper an ARQ, asking if it can answer call.
Gatekeeper returns an ACF with IP address of endpoint A.
Endpoint B answers and sends Q.931 call setup messages to endpoint A.
IRR sent to Gatekeeper from both endpoints.
Either endpoint disconnects the call by sending a DRQ (Disconnect Request) to the Gatekeeper.
Gatekeeper sends a DCF (Disconnect Confirmation) to both endpoints.
The gatekeeper allows calls to be placed either:
Directly between endpoints (Direct Endpoint Model), or
Route the call signaling through itself (Gatekeeper Routed Model).
See also
GNU Gatekeeper (GnuGK)
Sources
Cisco Technotes: Understanding H.323 Gatekeepers
Microsoft TechNet: H.323 Gatekeeper
Packetizer: A Primer on the H.323 Series Standard
ITU-T recommendations
Videotelephony |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinivasan%20Keshav | Srinivasan Keshav is an American-Canadian Computer Scientist of Indian descent who is currently the Robert Sansom Professor of Computer Science at the University of Cambridge.
Biography
After undergraduate studies at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi in 1986, he received his PhD in 1991 from the University of California, Berkeley, with a thesis entitled Congestion Control in Computer Networks. His advisor was Domenico Ferrari. He then joined the research staff at Bell Labs; while at Bell Labs, he also had visiting faculty positions at IIT Delhi and Columbia University. In 1996 he became an associate professor at Cornell University; he then left academia in 1999 to co-found Ensim Corporation. In 2003, he joined the faculty at the University of Waterloo, where he held a Canada Research Chair in Tetherless Computing from 2004 to 2014 and a Cisco Systems Chair in Smart Grid from 2012 to 2017.
He is the inventor, along with his students at the University of Waterloo, of KioskNet, a system for providing internet access in impoverished countries. He has been co-director of the Information Systems and Science for Energy (ISS4E) Laboratory at the University of Waterloo since 2010. At the University of Cambridge, Prof. Keshav continues to work on research and teach in areas related to sustainable energy.
Academic works and affiliations
Keshav is the author of a textbook on computer networks, An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking. In 2012, he wrote Mathematical Foundations of Computer Networking.
Keshav was the Editor of Computer Communication Review from 2008 to 2013 and the Chair of ACM SIGCOMM from 2013 to 2017.
Honors and awards
David Sakrison Memorial Prize, UC Berkeley (1992)
Sloan Fellowship (1997-1999)
ACM Fellow (2012)
"For contributions to computer communication networks and systems."
IEEE Fellow (2019)
IIT Delhi Distinguished Alumni Award (2019)
Fellow, Royal Society of Canada, 2019
References
External links
S. Keshav's home page
How to Read a Paper, three-pass method for reading research papers.
American computer scientists
Canadian computer scientists
Computer systems researchers
1965 births
Living people
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Cornell University faculty
Academic staff of the University of Waterloo
Canadian writers of Asian descent
Canadian technology writers
Canadian people of Indian descent
Canada Research Chairs
Fellows of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge
IIT Delhi alumni
Indian emigrants to Canada |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramon%20Rivero%20%28animator%29 | Ramon Rivero is an animation director, digital puppeteer and computer animator best known for his work on the 2001 film The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring.
Born in Mexico, he started his animation career in the 1980s as puppeteer, puppet maker and set designer for the TV show Titeradas, screened in the Channel 13 Yucatán, under the direction and mentorship of Wilberth Herrera,
Ramon moved to New Zealand in the late 1980s where he was Nominated for Best Performance in a Supporting Role at the 1990 New Zealand Film Awards for his work as a supervising puppeteer on the 1989 Peter Jackson film Meet the Feebles, He also was the supervising puppeteer on Jackson's 1992 film Braindead.
Mr Rivero later followed Jackson to Weta Digital, where he worked for four years. At Weta, he worked as lead performance animator on the special effects team for The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, using digital puppetry to help Andy Serkis portray the character Gollum and to help create the troll which attacks the protagonists in the mines of Moria.
In 2007 he worked as Animation Director for the TV series Freefonix.
References
Further reading
Ben Melis (August 2005), "Ramon Rivero," MacFan (in Dutch)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Mexican puppeteers
Mexican animators
Mexican film directors
Mexican television directors
New Zealand puppeteers
New Zealand animators
New Zealand animated film directors
New Zealand film directors
New Zealand television directors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP%20global%20synchronization | TCP global synchronization in computer networks can happen to TCP/IP flows during periods of congestion because each sender will reduce their transmission rate at the same time when packet loss occurs.
Routers on the Internet normally have packet queues, to allow them to hold packets when the network is busy, rather than discarding them.
Because routers have limited resources, the size of these queues is also limited. The simplest technique to limit queue size is known as tail drop. The queue is allowed to fill to its maximum size, and then any new packets are simply discarded until there is space in the queue again.
This causes problems when used on TCP/IP routers handling multiple TCP streams, especially when bursty traffic is present. While the network is stable, the queue is constantly full, and there are no problems except that the full queue results in high latency. However, the introduction of a sudden burst of traffic may cause large numbers of established, steady streams to lose packets simultaneously.
TCP has automatic recovery from dropped packets, which it interprets as congestion on the network (which is usually correct). The sender reduces its sending rate for a certain amount of time and then tries to find out if the network is no longer congested by increasing the rate again subject to a ramp-up. This is known as the slow start algorithm.
Almost all the senders will use the same time delay before increasing their rates. When these delays expire at the same time, all the senders will send additional packets and the router queue will again overflow, more packets will be dropped, the senders will all back off for a fixed delay... ad infinitum; compare with the thundering herd problem.
This pattern of each sender decreasing and increasing transmission rates at the same time as other senders is referred to as "global synchronization" and leads to inefficient use of bandwidth, due to the large numbers of dropped packets, which must be retransmitted, and because the senders have a reduced sending rate, compared to the stable state, while they are backed-off, following each loss.
This problem has been the subject of much research. The consensus appears to be that the tail drop algorithm is the leading cause of the problem, and other queue size management algorithms such as Random Early Detection (RED) and Weighted RED will reduce the likelihood of global synchronization, as well as keeping queue sizes down in the face of heavy load and bursty traffic.
See also
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
TCP congestion avoidance algorithm
Network congestion
Thundering herd problem
References
External links
ISOC paper discussing the dynamics of TCP, including global synchronization
A paper with graphs demonstrating TCP global synchronization in action and its impact when TCP coexists with UDP
TCP congestion control |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacky | Hacky can refer to:
A hack: inelegant improvisation of computer code
Hačky, a Czech village
See also
Hacky sack (footbag) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini-Cassette | The Mini-Cassette, often written minicassette, is a magnetic tape audio cassette format introduced by Philips in 1967.
It is used primarily in dictation machines and was also employed as a data storage for the Philips P2000 home computer. As of August 2021, Phillips still produces mini-cassette players along with new mini-cassette tapes.
Design
Unlike the Compact Cassette, also designed by Philips, and the later Microcassette, introduced by Olympus, the Mini-Cassette does not use a capstan drive system; instead, the tape is propelled past the tape head by the reels. This is mechanically simple and allows the cassette to be made smaller and easier to use, but produces a system unsuited to any task other than voice recording, as the tape speed is not constant (averaging 2.4 cm/s) and prone to wow and flutter.
However, the lack of a capstan and a pinch roller drive means that the tape is well-suited to being repeatedly shuttled forward and backward short distances as compared to microcassettes, leading to the Mini-Cassette's use in the first generations of telephone answering machines, and continuing use in the niche markets of dictation and transcription, where fidelity is not critical, but robustness of storage is, and where analog media remained in use long after digital media had been introduced.
In 1980, Philips released several recorder models (MDCR220, LDB4401, LDB4051, etc.) that encoded and read digital audio on standard mini-cassettes. A computer model (the Philips P2000) also used the mini-cassette as a digital medium and provided automatic management of the drive, including search, space and directory management, fast-forward and rewind.
Similar products
Philips later introduced a smaller version of the cassette called an Ultra Mini-Cassette that had a max record time of 10 minutes on each side of the tape.
A very similar (but incompatible) cassette format was produced by Hewlett-Packard and Verbatim (the HP82176A Mini Data Cassette) for data storage in their HP82161A tape drive, which, like other minicassettes, did not use a capstan.
See also
Microcassette
Compact Cassette
Picocassette
NT (cassette)
References
External links
Phillips Mini-Cassette product page
Philips Speech Processing site
Brief description of the Hewlett Packard 82161A tape drive
Discussion about HP82176A tapes and second-source alternatives
Audiovisual introductions in 1967
Audio storage
Tape recording
1967 in music
1967 in technology
Products introduced in 1967 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressnet | Expressnet is an interbank network connecting the ATM networks of seven major banks in the Philippines. It has the second-largest number of ATMs (largely due to the vast nationwide presence of Bank of the Philippine Islands Express Teller ATMs) and the smallest number of customers and member banks. However, its strength among the interbank networks and the ubiquity of BPI ATMs have given birth to the Expressnet motto: "The Powerful Connection".
At present, Expressnet has 3.5 million customers and has 2,213 ATMs operating 24 hours a day.
It has been reported that lock, stock and barrel of Expressnet has been purchased by rival interbank network BancNet. The Expressnet brand is slowly being retired as a result, and recent BPI promotional collateral no longer shows Expressnet info and membership, particularly in their new releases of BPI Express Teller cards (where BPI no longer lists itself as a member of Expressnet). Full integration of its current infrastructure to the BancNet system is expected to be completed by mid-2016.
History
Expressnet was founded on February 14, 1986, when the ATMs of Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI) and its subsidiary, BPI Family Savings Bank, were connected for the first time. The first Expressnet transaction was also conducted that same year.
Soon thereafter, in December 1991, Landbank joined the consortium, followed by HSBC Philippines in February 1992. Banco de Oro joined in April 1995, BPI Direct Savings Bank (a BPI subsidiary), joined in 2000 and HSBC Savings Bank, an HSBC subsidiary, became the latest Expressnet member on April 1, 2001.
Expressnet and another Philippine interbank network, MegaLink, formed an alliance on May 6, 1997, with the main ceremony held at Ayala Center. This meant that 2.3 million Expressnet cardholders could use their cards with MegaLink ATMs, and 2.7 million MegaLink cardholders could use their cards with Expressnet ATMs.
On July 13, 2005, Expressnet and BancNet signed a memorandum by executives of both networks. In 2008, Expressnet outsourced its ATM operations to BancNet. On January 30, 2015, BancNet and MegaLink announced their merger, switching operations to one entity (Bancnet).
Expressnet is known for its Express Payment System (EPS), which was at first the debit card system of the BPI Express Teller ATM card. In 2005, the network expanded to include cardholders of all Landbank E.A.S.Y. (Express Access for Savers like You) and Banco de Oro (local and international) ATM cards.
Members
Expressnet is the primary network of the following banks listed below:
Banco de Oro (formerly a member of MegaLink, now BancNet) - April 1995
Bank of the Philippine Islands and subsidiaries BPI Direct Savings Bank and BPI Family Savings Bank (also a member of BancNet) - February 14, 1986
Land Bank of the Philippines (now a member of BancNet) - December 1991
Connectivity
All Expressnet ATM cardholders and a majority of Expressnet ATMs are connected to MegaLink and BancNet, the other |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QDA | QDA may refer to:
Qualitative Data Analysis as used in qualitative research
Quadratic discriminant analysis as used in statistical classification or as a quadratic classifier in machine learning
The .QDA filename extension, used for Quadruple D archives |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real%20Data%20Transport | Real Data Transport (RDT) is a proprietary transport protocol for the actual audio-video data, developed by RealNetworks in the 1990s. It is commonly used in companion with a control protocol for streaming media like the IETF's Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP).
A non-proprietary alternative for RDT is IETF's Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP), which is also implemented in RealNetworks players.
As reported in a 2002 book about firewalls, RDT used two unidirectional UDP connections, one for the data sent from the server to the client and another in the opposite direction for retransmission requests. The same book reported that RealNetworks' G2 server used RDT in this configuration by default. Another 2003 book reported that RDT was also seen carried over Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), as a fall-back mechanism.
RDT is now included as part of the Helix Community project.
References
External links
Helix Community RDT implementation, C++ source code repository.
RDT v2 protocol specs from Helix Community
RDT v3 protocol specs from Helix Community
Streaming
Application layer protocols
Data Transport |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BancNet | BancNet (also spelled Bancnet) is a Philippine-based interbank network connecting the ATM networks of local and offshore banks, and the country's single interbank network in the Philippines in terms of the number of member banks and annual transactions. Due to its status as the country's single ATM switch operator, it is designated by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) as the country's national ATM network.
BancNet is also the exclusive gateway of China's UnionPay, allowing access to the nearly 1 billion ATM cardholders from China. BancNet is allied with global payment brand JCB International. Through this alliance, JCB cardholders can make cash advances at participating BancNet member ATMs nationwide.
Bancnet interconnects with international card networks Diners Club, Discover, KFTC, Mastercard, and Visa.
BancNet serves more than 41 million ATM cardholders of its 124 members and affiliates with over 21,000 ATMs and more than 304,000 POS terminals.
In 2008, Expressnet outsourced its ATM operations to BancNet. On January 30, 2015, BancNet and MegaLink announced their merger and will retain itself as its brand. With this and having no more competition, BancNet has become the Philippines' single ATM switch and major cashless transactions and payments network operator.
History
BancNet was founded on July 17, 1990, as the Philippines' second ATM consortium when the ATMs of eight banks, PCI Bank (later Equitable PCI Bank, now Banco de Oro), Security Bank, Chinabank, RCBC, Allied Bank (now part of PNB), Metrobank, International Exchange Bank (now part of UnionBank) and CityTrust Banking Corp. (now part of BPI) formed BancNet. Other members have since joined.
In 1994, BancNet introduced the a point-of-sale system to serve the retail payment requirements of cardholders. In 1997, BancNet started offering website hosting, email and surfing services to member banks at affordable rates.
In 2002, BancNet started its online banking and payment gateway system.
It was during the anniversary business forum of 2002 that BancNet introduced Interbank Funds Transfer, reportedly the first consortium-run automated transfer facility in the region. The product allows real-time, online transfer of money among the members of BancNet using either the payment gateway, the ATM or a cardholder's cellular phone.
A partnership with Globe Telecom, the second largest telecoms company in the Philippines, in 2006 allowed BancNet to expand ATM-like functions to the mobile phones of cardholders. This was followed by a similar agreement in early 2007 with Smart Communications, the dominant telecoms company, for mobile banking.
A Memorandum of Agreement was signed in 2007 with Nationlink, admitting the latter as the first network alliance member of BancNet. This allows all the rural bank members of Nationlink to enjoy the convenience of electronic banking on 8,000 ATMs and more than 10,000 Point-of-Sale terminals nationwide.
InstaPay
BancNet is the clearing switch operato |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Where%20the%20Action%20Is | Where the Action Is is a music-based television variety show that aired in the United States from 1965 to 1967. It was carried by the ABC network and aired each weekday afternoon. Created by Dick Clark as a spin-off of American Bandstand, Where the Action Is premiered on June 28, 1965. The show was another step in the then-current trend of entertainment programs that targeted the teenage audience by focusing on pop music, following in the footsteps of Shindig! (premiered in the fall of 1964, also on ABC) and Hullabaloo (premiered January 1965 on NBC). Dick Clark's voice could be heard doing the artist introductions, and he sometimes did filmed interviews.
Background
The show was hosted by Linda Scott and Steve Alaimo, who sang numbers between guest performances. Ms. Scott had a few hit singles as a teenager in the early 1960s; she was only 20 when "Action" premiered. Also appearing were Keith Allison (a Paul McCartney look-alike who later became a member of Paul Revere and the Raiders) and Laura Nyro. Typically, the show featured two or three performers lip-synching their recent hits with a bunch of teenagers clapping and swaying in the background, and a dance segment featuring the Action dancers. There would occasionally be an interview segment. A few episodes featured only one performer, such as Herman's Hermits or James Brown.
Originally intended as a summer replacement and broadcast at 2 P.M. EDT, the show was successful enough for it to continue throughout the 1965–66 TV season, with a change in time period to 4:30 P.M. Eastern time following the horror soap opera Dark Shadows. Both programs attracted a young audience who watched the shows after school. It was in black and white.
The show's theme song, "Action", became a hit single for Freddy "Boom Boom" Cannon, peaking on the charts (#13) in September 1965. Most of these black-and-white telecasts were taped at various locales in Southern California. A handful of segments were taped elsewhere around the US. The theme song was written by Steve Venet and Tommy Boyce. Later, Boyce co-wrote songs for The Monkees.
The program had its own stable of performers, most notably Paul Revere & the Raiders, who served as the de facto house band. Easily identified by their Revolutionary War costumes, the band had several Top 40 hits in the '60s thanks in part to the exposure they received on "Where The Action Is". Their lead singer, Mark Lindsay, with his signature ponytail, became one of the most popular teenage idols of the decade, gracing the covers of countless teen magazines. The Raiders also recorded the "Action" theme song for their 1965 album "Just Like Us" for which Dick Clark wrote the liner notes. When the group departed the show in 1966, they were replaced by The Robbs and The Hard Times. Other regular performers on Action included the dance troupe Pete Menefee and the Action Kids. Individual episodes featured a wide range of guest performers, as detailed below. Tina Mason was |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-order%20cybernetics | Second-order cybernetics, also known as the cybernetics of cybernetics, is the recursive application of cybernetics to itself and the reflexive practice of cybernetics according to such a critique. It is cybernetics where "the role of the observer is appreciated and acknowledged rather than disguised, as had become traditional in western science". Second-order cybernetics was developed between the late 1960s and mid 1970s by Heinz von Foerster and others, with key inspiration coming from Margaret Mead. Foerster referred to it as "the control of control and the communication of communication" and differentiated first order cybernetics as "the cybernetics of observed systems" and second-order cybernetics as "the cybernetics of observing systems".
The concept of second-order cybernetics is closely allied to radical constructivism, which was developed around the same time by Ernst von Glasersfeld. While it is sometimes considered a break from the earlier concerns of cybernetics, there is much continuity with previous work and it can be thought of as a distinct tradition within cybernetics, with origins in issues evident during the Macy conferences in which cybernetics was initially developed. Its concerns include autonomy, epistemology, ethics, language, reflexivity, self-consistency, self-referentiality, and self-organizing capabilities of complex systems. It has been characterised as cybernetics where "circularity is taken seriously".
Overview
Terminology
Second-order cybernetics can be abbreviated as C2 or SOC, and is sometimes referred to as the cybernetics of cybernetics, or, more rarely, the new cybernetics, or second cybernetics.
These terms are often used interchangeably, but can also stress different aspects:
Most specifically, and especially where phrased as the cybernetics of cybernetics, second-order cybernetics is the recursive application of cybernetics to itself. This is closely associated with Mead's 1967 address to the American Society for Cybernetics (published 1968) and Foerster's "Cybernetics of Cybernetics" book, developed as a course option at the Biological Computer Laboratory (BCL), where Cybernetic texts were analysed according to the principles they put forward. In this sense, second-order cybernetics can be considered the "conscience" of cybernetics, attending to the subject's consistency and clarity.
More generally, second-order cybernetics is the reflexive practice of cybernetics, where cyberneticians understand themselves and other participants to be part of the systems they study and act in, taking a second-order position whether or not it is termed as such. When cybernetics is practiced in this way, second-order cybernetics and cybernetics may be used interchangeably, with the qualifier 'second-order' being used when drawing distinctions from (or critiquing) other approaches (e.g. differentiating from purely technological applications) or as a way of emphasising reflexivity.
Additionally, and especially where r |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gawk | Gawk or gawking may refer to:
gawk (GNU package), the GNU implementation of the AWK programming language
Rubbernecking, openly staring at someone or something, look steadily, gaze.
Gawk or gock, a type of rimshot in percussion |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTLA | KTLA (channel 5) is a television station in Los Angeles, California, United States, serving as the West Coast flagship of The CW Television Network. It is the largest directly owned property of the network's majority owner, Nexstar Media Group, and is the second-largest operated property after WPIX in New York City. KTLA's studios are located at the Sunset Bronson Studios on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood, and its transmitter is located atop Mount Wilson.
KTLA was the first commercially licensed television station in the western United States, having begun operations in January 1947. Although not as widespread in national carriage as its Chicago sister station WGN-TV, KTLA is available as a superstation via DirecTV and Dish Network (the latter service available only to grandfathered subscribers that had purchased its a la carte superstation tier before Dish halted sales of the package to new subscribers in September 2013), as well as on cable providers in select cities within the southwestern United States and throughout Canada.
As of 2015, KTLA operates an internet-only news radio channel on iHeartRadio.
History
Experimental years
The station was licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in 1939 as experimental station W6XYZ, broadcasting on VHF channel 4; it did not sign on the air until September 1942. The station was originally owned by Paramount Pictures subsidiary Television Productions, Inc., and was based at the Paramount Studios lot. Klaus Landsberg, already an accomplished television pioneer at the age of 26, was the original station manager and engineer.
Early years as a commercially licensed station
On January 22, 1947, the station was licensed for commercial broadcasting as KTLA on channel 5, becoming the first commercial television station in California, the first in the city of Los Angeles, the first to broadcast west of the Mississippi River, and the eighth commercial television station in the United States. Estimates of television sets in Los Angeles County at the time ranged from 350 to 600, since experimental station W6XAO (later KTSL and KNXT, now KCBS-TV) was already in operation broadcasting with a regular schedule. Bob Hope served as the emcee for KTLA's inaugural broadcast, titled as The Western Premiere of Commercial Television, which was broadcast live that evening from a garage on the Paramount Studios lot and featured appearances from many Hollywood luminaries. Hope delivered what was perhaps the most famous line of the telecast when, at the program's start, he identified the new station as "KTL" – mistakenly omitting the "A" at the end of the call sign. A 10-minute fragment from KTLA's first broadcast exists at the Paley Center for Media.
KTLA was originally affiliated with the DuMont Television Network, of which Paramount held a minority stake; it disaffiliated from the network in 1948 and converted into an independent station. Despite this, the FCC still considered Paramount as controlling manage |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20World%20Computing | New World Computing, Inc. was an American video game developer and publisher founded in 1984 by Jon Van Caneghem, his wife, Michaela Van Caneghem, and Mark Caldwell. It was best known for its work on the Might and Magic role-playing video game series and its spin-offs, especially Heroes of Might and Magic. The company was purchased by and became a division of The 3DO Company on July 10, 1996 from NTN Communications, after NTN purchased New World Computing for $10 million in stock.
Amidst financial turmoil, the 3DO Company laid off a large portion of the staff of New World Computing on April 15, 2002. While a smaller, core staff remained at New World Computing, the following year saw little improvement in parent 3DO's situation, and the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in May of that year. Before dissolving later that year, 3DO sold the rights to the Might and Magic series to Ubisoft. As an in-house development studio of the 3DO Company, New World Computing ceased to exist with the dissolution of its parent organization.
Might and Magic
The first Might and Magic game, Might and Magic Book One: The Secret of the Inner Sanctum, was programmed by Jon Van Caneghem for over a three-year period ending in 1986. Released for the Apple II on June 1, 1986, with ports for the Commodore 64, classic Mac OS, and MS-DOS following a year later, the game was successful enough to warrant a sequel, Might and Magic II: Gates to Another World, released for the Apple II and MS-DOS in 1988.
The third installment, Might and Magic III: Isles of Terra was released in 1991 and was the first game in the series designed specifically for MS-DOS-based computers, although ports were released for a variety of other systems, including the classic Mac OS, Super Nintendo Entertainment System, and the Sega Mega Drive. Might and Magic III featured an entirely redesigned game engine and 8-bit (256) color VGA graphics.
The Might and Magic III engine was reused for the next two installments of the series, Might and Magic IV: Clouds of Xeen and Might and Magic V: Darkside of Xeen, released in 1992 and 1993, respectively. When installed together, the two games became a single, omnibus-style title called World of Xeen. In 1994, New World released an enhanced CD-ROM version of World of Xeen featuring Red Book CD audio and spoken dialog. The Might and Magic III engine was used one final time for Swords of Xeen, a continuation of World of Xeen produced by Catware under permission from New World Computing. Although it was never released as a standalone title, Swords of Xeen was included in numerous Might and Magic series compilations released by New World Computing and, later, the 3DO Company.
After a pause of five years (during which time the Heroes of Might and Magic spin-off franchise was launched) New World returned to the Might and Magic series with Might and Magic VI: The Mandate of Heaven, their first game to use 3D graphics, and the first to be released for Micr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon%20Van%20Caneghem | Jon Van Caneghem (born 1962/1963) is an American video game director, designer and producer. He is best known for launching development studio New World Computing in 1983, making his design debut in 1986 with Might and Magic Book One: The Secret of the Inner Sanctum. During the company's 20-year lifespan, Van Caneghem was involved in the creation and direction of several franchises, including the Might and Magic role-playing series and the spin-off Heroes of Might and Magic and King's Bounty strategy series.
Early life
Van Caneghem was raised on the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, California, United States, by his mother, an artist, and his stepfather, a neurologist at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He attended grade school at Lycée Français de Los Angeles and his collegiate alma mater is UCLA, where he started as a pre-med student and graduated with a degree in computer science.
Career
In 1983, Van Caneghem founded New World Computing, a publisher and developer of computer and console games.
Their first title was the medieval fantasy Might and Magic: Secret of the Inner Sanctum—one of the first role-playing games to feature detailed drawings of both indoor and outdoor locations. It debuted in 1986 for the Apple II. The series went on to include nine bestselling games, all of which Van Caneghem co-created. In 1990 Van Caneghem released King's Bounty, the forerunner of the Heroes of Might and Magic series of seven games which feature turn-based, fantasy-themed conflicts in which players control armies of mythical creatures.
In the following 20 years as president and CEO of New World Computing, Van Caneghem oversaw the publishing of more than 250 titles worldwide.
Van Caneghem sold New World Computing to developer and publisher 3DO in 1996 for US$13 million. He remained with 3DO as president and "lead visionary" until 2003 when 3DO filed for bankruptcy and eliminated its New World Computing division. The rights to the Might and Magic name were purchased for $1.3 million by Ubisoft, which revived the franchise with a new series under the same name.
From 2004 to 2005, Van Caneghem worked at NCSoft as executive producer of a massively multiplayer online game. In 2006 Van Caneghem left NCSoft and launched Trion World Network, headquartered in Redwood City, California, after securing more than $100 million in investment capital from Time Warner, NBC Universal, GE and Bertelsmann. Trion produces server-side games.
Van Caneghem left Trion in 2009 and joined Electronic Arts where he headed the video game giant's Command & Conquer brand. Van Caneghem was responsible for extending the series online. On 29 October 2013, EA cancelled the development of the Command & Conquer game and closed the development studio.
In 2014, Caneghem founded VC Mobile Entertainment (VCME) with the goal to produce and publish iOS and Android games. Caneghem secured $4.5 million in capital investment from companies like Tencent and Pacific Sky Investments. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery%20Digital%20Networks | Discovery Digital Networks was a San Francisco based multi-channel Internet television and digital cable network that created, produced and distributed streaming television shows on niche topics. It was sold by Discovery Communications into Group Nine Media in December 2016 and, as such, no longer exists.
Discovery Digital Networks operated the online video arm of Discovery Communications from its acquisition in May 2012 until the sale to Group Nine Media. It operated as the provider for six distinct "networks:" Revision3, TestTube, Animalist, Seeker, the DeFranco Network and Rev3Games.
History
On May 3, 2012, Discovery Communications announced that it had entered into an agreement to acquire Revision3. The transaction closed on June 1, 2012. On December 5, 2012, Discovery launched DNews, with current stories about science and technology drawn from the Discovery website Discovery News.
On May 23, 2013, Discovery launched a sister site to itself called TestTube. It separates documentary-type shows from the main site, including the long-running Scam School, to better market to the existing Discovery Channel audience. On May 30, 2013, Discovery acquired the company set up by Philip DeFranco, DeFranco Creative. A new subsidiary was formed under Revision3 called Phil DeFranco Networks and Merchandise, which he will now completely operate under as Senior VP.
On October 4, 2013, Discovery launched an animal-based sister-site called Animalist. It produces original shows about animals, aimed at viewers of Discovery's Animal Planet.
Production and distribution
Many of the shows are produced and owned by Discovery Digital Networks however some of DDN's shows are produced independently. DDN handles the distribution and marketing aspects of these external shows, but does not produce the content. In February 2008 DDN completed work on its own studio where their own shows are recorded.
The shows have been distributed through a wide range of platforms and distribution partners, including Virgin America's in-flight entertainment system, CNET TV, iTunes, Discovery.com, BitTorrent, YouTube, PyroTV, Miro, TiVo, Zune, Apple devices, Android and Xbox. The shows have also been distributed in wide variety of formats, including QuickTime, Windows Media Video, Theora, WebM and Xvid. An embeddable Flash/HTML5 player is also available. In September 2011, Revision3 programming began to air on cable television on the rebranded YouToo TV, the former American Life Network, which ended after the sale to Discovery Communications. In September 2012, DDN partnered with YouTube to create TechFeed, an original channel about technology made by DDN, featuring existing hosts. In March 2013, the company launched an official DDN Xbox 360 app for Xbox Live Gold members.
Networks
Revision3
Revision3 is the consumer review and miscellaneous network launched in 2005, as well as being the company name from 2005 to 2013. The network has primarily technology-based shows hosted and prod |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batcher%20odd%E2%80%93even%20mergesort | Batcher's odd–even mergesort
is a generic construction devised by Ken Batcher for sorting networks of size O(n (log n)2) and depth O((log n)2), where n is the number of items to be sorted. Although it is not asymptotically optimal, Knuth concluded in 1998, with respect to the AKS network that "Batcher's method is much better, unless n exceeds the total memory capacity of all computers on earth!"
It is popularized by the second GPU Gems book, as an easy way of doing reasonably efficient sorts on graphics-processing hardware.
Pseudocode
Various recursive and iterative schemes are possible to calculate the indices of the elements to be compared and sorted. This is one iterative technique to generate the indices for sorting n elements:
# note: the input sequence is indexed from 0 to (n-1)
for p = 1, 2, 4, 8, ... # as long as p < n
for k = p, p/2, p/4, p/8, ... # as long as k >= 1
for j = mod(k,p) to (n-1-k) with a step size of 2k
for i = 0 to min(k-1, n-j-k-1) with a step size of 1
if floor((i+j) / (p*2)) == floor((i+j+k) / (p*2))
compare and sort elements (i+j) and (i+j+k)
Non-recursive calculation of the partner node index is also possible.
See also
Bitonic sorter
Pairwise sorting network
References
External links
Odd–even mergesort at hs-flensburg.de
Odd-even mergesort network generator Interactive Batcher's Odd-Even merge-based sorting network generator.
Sorting algorithms |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Partnership%20for%20Africa%27s%20Development%20E-School%20Program | The New Partnership for Africa's Development E-School Program is included as a means to provide ICT equipment such as computers and internet access to all schools in member nations within The New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) program. NEPAD parents the E-School Program and is an economic program that aims to bring economic and social development to African nations and ensure 'Africa's Renewal'. The E-School Program began with Demonstration Projects and has developed further yet remains a work in progress in many countries, facing both criticism and support.
Origins and goals
The E-School program was developed in 2003 at the African Economic Summit. The project aims to provide computers, internet access, and other Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to all schools in Africa within 10 years, under the NEPAD agreement. The main goal of the program is to expand students' ability to learn in schools through internet connection and technology access. The aim is to cover all high schools within 5 years of the start of implementation and all primary schools within 10 years, a total of some 600,000 schools. This is an initiative to provide more equality and access to education across African schools. The program does this by bringing techniques used elsewhere, ICT, to provide more academic opportunities for African children to succeed. NEPAD schools are unique from non-NEPAD schools in that they have significantly higher integration of ICTs, allowing children more opportunities for academic improvement.
At the World Economic Forum Africa Summit in Cape Town, it was announced that the first school to benefit from the program would be Bugulumbya Secondary School in the village of Busobya, Uganda.
Projects
Demonstration Projects
The initial step in implementing the E-School Program the creation of 'Demonstration Projects' aimed to understand the most effective methods and the different situations which may be incurred along the implementation process. The main goals of these projects were to show "the costs, benefits, appropriateness and challenges of a satellite based network" which would be implemented under this program. These projects have been headed by "the private sector partners... AMD, Cisco, HP, Microsoft and Oracle". Each of these companies had a 'consortia' which contained other companies working on the initiative.
Six schools from 16 African countries participated in these Demo Projects, but some (Kenya, Ghana, Rwanda) had much more investment into their programs than others. The Demo Project was only intended to last one year but faced challenges, causing an extension. The project's aim was to discover the 'best practices' of implementing the program and how to do so most effectively. This demonstration project took place in 16 countries including: Algeria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Egypt, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa and Uganda. The schools invo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Elements%20of%20Programming%20Style | The Elements of Programming Style, by Brian W. Kernighan and P. J. Plauger, is a study of programming style, advocating the notion that computer programs should be written not only to satisfy the compiler or personal programming "style", but also for "readability" by humans, specifically software maintenance engineers, programmers and technical writers. It was originally published in 1974.
The book pays explicit homage, in title and tone, to The Elements of Style, by Strunk & White and is considered a practical template promoting Edsger Dijkstra's structured programming discussions. It has been influential and has spawned a series of similar texts tailored to individual languages, such as The Elements of C Programming Style, The Elements of C# Style, The Elements of Java(TM) Style, The Elements of MATLAB Style, etc.
The book is built on short examples from actual, published programs in programming textbooks. This results in a practical treatment rather than an abstract or academic discussion. The style is diplomatic and generally sympathetic in its criticism, and unabashedly honest as well— some of the examples with which it finds fault are from the authors' own work (one example in the second edition is from the first edition).
Lessons
Its lessons are summarized at the end of each section in pithy maxims, such as "Let the machine do the dirty work":
Write clearly – don't be too clever.
Say what you mean, simply and directly.
Use library functions whenever feasible.
Avoid too many temporary variables.
Write clearly – don't sacrifice clarity for efficiency.
Let the machine do the dirty work.
Replace repetitive expressions by calls to common functions.
Parenthesize to avoid ambiguity.
Choose variable names that won't be confused.
Avoid unnecessary branches.
If a logical expression is hard to understand, try transforming it.
Choose a data representation that makes the program simple.
Write first in easy-to-understand pseudo language; then translate into whatever language you have to use.
Modularize. Use procedures and functions.
Avoid gotos completely if you can keep the program readable.
Don't patch bad code – rewrite it.
Write and test a big program in small pieces.
Use recursive procedures for recursively-defined data structures.
Test input for plausibility and validity.
Make sure input doesn't violate the limits of the program.
Terminate input by end-of-file marker, not by count.
Identify bad input; recover if possible.
Make input easy to prepare and output self-explanatory.
Use uniform input formats.
Make input easy to proofread.
Use self-identifying input. Allow defaults. Echo both on output.
Make sure all variables are initialized before use.
Don't stop at one bug.
Use debugging compilers.
Watch out for off-by-one errors.
Take care to branch the right way on equality.
Be careful if a loop exits to the same place from the middle and the bottom.
Make sure your code does "nothing" gracefully.
Test programs a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ape%20Escape%3A%20Pumped%20%26%20Primed | Ape Escape: Pumped and Primed, known in Japan as , is a video game developed by Japan Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment in Japan and Ubisoft in North America exclusively for PlayStation 2. It is the fourth title in the Ape Escape franchise. It was never released in Europe, despite being advertised in the UK and Australia.
Gameplay
Spike, Natalie, Casi and the Professor join the High-tech Tournament, a virtual world. Helga, the previous champion, is on an important mission to find the disk based on her father's research, hidden in the trophy. Unlike other Ape Escape games, this game is more of a party game, similar to Mario Party and Sonic Shuffle. The game consists of a series of competitive minigames using various vehicles and gadgets from previous Ape Escape games, such as battling underwater using submersibles, racing on foot, and collecting the most coins. The story mode is broken up into different tournaments with 3 to 4 players, where 1 to 2 players must finish at least 1st place to pass.
Reception
The game received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Reviewers pointed that its high qualities lie in its visual and sound effects, and on its game mechanics, but it lacks re-playability and overall appeal. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a better score of all four sevens for a total of 28 out of 40.
Notes
References
External links
Ape Escape: Pumped & Primed (YouTube)
2004 video games
Ape Escape games
Japan Studio games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Party video games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 2-only games
Ubisoft games
Video games developed in Japan
Video games with cel-shaded animation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISN | The initials ISN can stand for:
Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, in the U.S. Department of State
Intel Software Network
International Relations and Security Network
International Socialist Network
International Society for Neurochemistry
International Society of Nephrology
International Suppliers Network, a vendor tracking system
Internment Serial Number for US prisoners during conflicts
Irish Socialist Network
Israel Start-Up Nation
ITAD Subscriber Numbers for VoIP PBX
Nicaraguan Sign Language ()
Sloulin Field International Airport, a defunct airport in North Dakota with the IATA code "ISN"
See also
International Standard Number (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KPAZ-TV | KPAZ-TV (channel 21) is a religious television station in Phoenix, Arizona, United States, owned and operated by the Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN). The station's transmitter is located atop South Mountain on the city's south side.
Channel 21 in Phoenix was built by Spanish Language Television of Arizona, Inc., and began broadcasting on September 16, 1967. It was the first ultra high frequency (UHF) station in the state and featured a format of specialty sports programs, daytime automated news, and Spanish-language and other local programming. The original owner went bankrupt less than two years after putting KPAZ-TV on the air; in 1970, Glad Tidings Church filed to buy the station and immediately became active in its management even before it was approved to complete the purchase. Even though Glad Tidings struggled to find its economic footing, it built new studios and invested in additional equipment for channel 21.
However, the debts accumulated by Glad Tidings became too great to ignore. In December 1975, TBN agreed to buy KPAZ-TV from Glad Tidings and pay operating expenses. The original deal fell apart when the church tried to renegotiate the terms of the sale. On January 19, 1977, RCA, one of Glad Tidings's creditors, seized its equipment and forced the station off the air; questions were also raised about the church's ability to honor savings certificates it had sold to finance operations. TBN bought KPAZ-TV and put it back on the air that September; it was the second television station owned by the ministry.
History
Spanish Language Television of Arizona
On February 10, 1965, Spanish Language Television of Arizona, Inc., filed with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to build a new station on channel 14 in Phoenix. A January 1966 article stated that the station had already secured an affiliation with the Spanish International Network and planned to begin broadcasts by Labor Day of that year. In May, after the FCC overhauled the UHF table of allocations, SLTA amended its application to specify channel 21, as well as a studio location at 16th Street and Buckeye Road in Phoenix. Plans also included the commissioning of a repeater to expand the station's coverage to include Tucson within a year of signing on.
By early 1967, the station had set a June sign-on date, and several other details had changed. KPAZ would instead build its studios as part of the expansion of the Tower Plaza shopping center, and it also announced plans to air a ticker-tape of Associated Press newswire during the daytime hours. The station would sign on the air September 16, 1967—Mexican Independence Day—as Arizona's first full-power UHF station. Channel 21's formal opening included dignitaries such as Governor Jack Williams, Senator Barry Goldwater and Phoenix mayor Milton H. Graham.
KPAZ began its life as a bilingual independent station, with a mix of SIN-supplied entertainment programs (primarily from Mexico) in Spanish and news and sports programs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8%20Out%20of%2010%20Cats | 8 Out of 10 Cats is a British comedy panel show broadcast on Channel 4 and its sister networks, airing since 3 June 2005. The show is hosted by Jimmy Carr; the current team captains are Rob Beckett and Katherine Ryan.
The show is based on statistics and opinion polls and draws on polls produced by a variety of organisations and new polls commissioned for the programme, carried out by Harris Poll. The title is derived from an old popular misquoting of a well-known advertising tagline for Whiskas cat food, which claimed that "8 out of 10 owners (later adverts adding "who expressed a preference") said their cats prefer it".
New and past episodes air across the Channel 4 network of channels, with past episodes also repeated on Dave and Comedy Central.
Overview
The show is hosted by comedian Jimmy Carr and features two teams consisting of a regular team captain and two celebrity guests each. Sean Lock appeared as a team captain from series 1 to 18. He was replaced by Rob Beckett at the beginning of series 19. The opposing captain was originally Dave Spikey, who left after series 4 and was replaced by Jason Manford. Manford departed following series 10 and was replaced by Jon Richardson for series 11 to 18. From series 19 to 20, the opposing captain was Aisling Bea. In series 21, the opposing team had a rotating guest captain. However, Katherine Ryan joined as the opposing team captain in series 22.
The original format was filmed the day before broadcast with a live studio audience at BBC Television Centre. The captains are joined by two celebrities and occasionally a guest captain would substitute. Often, topical celebrities appear on the show, for example Ruth Badger following her appearance on The Apprentice.
The format was changed for the move from Channel 4 onto More 4 and E4. Shows are now recorded consecutively, and no longer cover topical issues. The two team captains were replaced, but Carr still hosts. Filming is currently at Pinewood Studios with a live studio audience.
A full series was not broadcast in 2015, although two Christmas Specials were filmed and aired on 24 and 30 December 2015. No episodes were broadcast during 2018. The 22nd and final season started on 7 January 2020 and ended on 17 January 2021.
Current rounds
The current rounds featured on 8 Out of 10 Cats are:
"What Are You Talking About?" – The polling organisation asked the public what they were talking about during the week. The teams have to try to guess the top three.
"Pick of the Polls" – The teams are given four pictures to pick from and are given a poll based on that picture.
"Believe It or Not" – The teams are given a statistic and try to guess whether it is true or false.
"And the Winner Is..." – The teams are given a question from a poll and then try to guess what came on top of that poll.
"The Poll with a Hole" – each team is given a statistic, but it is missing one piece of salient information. The teams have to guess what that piece of information i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%20Eubanks | Gordon Edwin Eubanks, Jr. (born November 7, 1946) is an American microcomputer industry pioneer who worked with Gary Kildall in the early days of Digital Research (DRI).
Eubanks attended Oklahoma State University, where he was involved as a member of Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. Scott Kildall was his graduate thesis advisor at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. Eubank's 1976 master's thesis was a BASIC language compiler called BASIC-E designed for Kildall's new CP/M operating system. Over the next year and a half, Eubanks wrote the popular CBASIC compiler for IMSAI while he was still a naval officer. Friends of Eubanks say he called it "CBASIC" because he wrote it while serving on a submarine (at sea). Other people say the name CBASIC referred to "commercial" basic, because it incorporated BCD mathematics which eliminated MBASIC's rounding errors that were sometimes troublesome for accounting.
In 1981, after Microsoft moved from programming languages into operating systems, Digital Research improved its position in programming languages by acquiring Eubanks's company, Compiler Systems. Eubanks went to work at DRI, but he soon came to doubt the company's long-term prospects. In 1984, Eubanks joined Symantec and from 1984 to 1986 he helped develop Q & A, an integrated database and wordprocessor with natural language query. He went on to become president and CEO of Symantec, guiding it into the software utility and anti-virus business.
He left in 1999 to become president and CEO of Oblix, a Silicon Valley company producing software for web security. Oblix was acquired by Oracle in March 2005. Eubanks is a director of Concur and joined the board of directors of Oakley Networks in February 2006.
Eubanks is a stamp collector. A specialist of the first stamps issued nationally in the United States between 1847 and 1861. For two collections he exhibited, he won the American Philatelic Society's title of "champion of champions" in 2012 and 2014.
Eubanks is married to Ronda Eubanks, and has a son, Keith, as of January 1995.
References
Further reading
(33 pages)
External links
Transcript of Gordon Eubanks oral history.
Face to Face: Gordon Eubanks (ZDNet video)
1946 births
American computer programmers
Living people
Oklahoma State University alumni
Naval Postgraduate School alumni
Digital Research employees
Oracle employees
Gen Digital people
American philatelists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midnight%20movie | The term midnight movie is rooted in the practice that emerged in the 1950s of local television stations around the United States airing low-budget genre films as late-night programming, often with a host delivering ironic asides. As a cinematic phenomenon, the midnight screening of offbeat movies began in the early 1970s in a few urban centers, particularly in New York City with screenings of El Topo at the Elgin Theater, eventually spreading across the country. The screening of non-mainstream pictures at midnight was aimed at building a cult film audience, encouraging repeat viewing and social interaction in what was originally a countercultural setting.
The national success of The Rocky Horror Picture Show and the changing economics of the film exhibition industry altered the nature of the midnight movie phenomenon; as its association with broader trends of cultural and political opposition dwindled in the 1980s, the midnight movie became a more purely camp experience—in effect, bringing it closer to the television form that shares its name. The term midnight movie is now often used in two different, though related, ways: as a synonym for B movie, reflecting the relative cheapness characteristic of late-night movies both theatrically and on TV, and as a synonym for cult film.
History
On television
In 1953, the Screen Actors Guild agreed to a residuals payment plan that greatly facilitated the distribution of B movies to television. A number of local television stations around the United States soon began showing inexpensive genre films in late-night slots; these late-night slots were after the safe-harbor time, meaning they were largely exempt from Federal Communications Commission regulations on indecent content. In the spring of 1954, Los Angeles TV station KABC expanded on the concept by having an appropriately offbeat host introduce the films: for a year on Saturday nights, The Vampira Show, with Maila Nurmi in her newly adopted persona of a sexy bloodsucker ("Your pin-down girl"), presented low-budget movies with black humor and a low-cut black dress. The show—which ran at midnight for four weeks before shifting to 11 p.m. and, later, 10:30 p.m.—aired horror pictures like Devil Bat's Daughter and Strangler of the Swamp and suspense films such as Murder by Invitation, The Charge Is Murder, and Apology for Murder. The format was echoed by stations across the country, who began showing their late-night B movies with in-character hosts such as Zacherley and Morgus the Magnificent offering ironic interjections.
A quarter-century later, Cassandra Peterson established a persona that was essentially a ditzier, more buxom version of Vampira. As Elvira, Mistress of the Dark, Peterson became the most popular host in the arena of the TV midnight movie. Starting at L.A.'s KHJ-TV in 1981, Elvira's Movie Macabre was soon being syndicated nationally; Peterson presented mostly cut-rate horror films, interrupted on a regular basis for tongue-in-cheek c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CO-OPN | The CO-OPN (Concurrent Object-Oriented Petri Nets) specification language is based on both algebraic specifications and algebraic Petri nets formalisms. The former formalism represent the data structures aspects, while the latter stands for the behavioral and concurrent aspects of systems. In order to deal with large specifications some structuring capabilities have been introduced. The object-oriented paradigm has been adopted, which means that a CO-OPN specification is a collection of objects which interact concurrently. Cooperation between the objects is achieved by means of a synchronization mechanism, i.e., each object event may request to be synchronized with some methods (parameterized events) of one or a group of partners by means of a synchronization expression.
A CO-OPN specification consists of a collection of two different modules: the abstract data type modules and the object modules. The abstract data type modules concern the data structure component of the specifications, and many sorted algebraic specifications are used when describing these modules. Furthermore, the object modules represent the concept of encapsulated entities that possess an internal state and provide the exterior with various services. For this second sort of modules, an algebraic net formalism has been adopted. Algebraic Petri nets, a kind of high level nets, are a great improvement over the Petri nets, i.e. Petri nets tokens are replaced with data structures which are described by means of algebraic abstract data types. For managing visibility, both abstract data type modules and object modules are composed of an interface (which allows some operations to be visible from the outside) and a body (which mainly encapsulates the operations properties and some operation which are used for building the model). In the case of the objects modules, the state
and the behavior of the objects remain concealed within the body section.
To develop models using the CO-OPN language it is possible to use the COOPNBuilder framework that is an environment composed of a set of tools destinated to the support of concurrent software development based on the CO-OPN language.
References
External links
Software Modeling and Verification Group of the University of Geneva.
Specification languages
Petri nets |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiotelevisiun%20Svizra%20Rumantscha | Radiotelevisiun Svizra Rumantscha (RTR, ), formerly known as Radio e Televisiun Rumantscha (), is a Swiss broadcasting company (part of SRG SSR) which offers programming to Romansh-speakers in Switzerland and around the world.
History
The first radio program in Romansh was broadcast on 17 January 1925. The person responsible for this broadcast was Felix Huonder. Regular Romansh programming began in 1943. Las Cristallas, the Romansh "radioscola" (radio school, or lectures delivered by radio broadcast), premiered on 27 January 1955.
Il Balcun Tort, the first television program in Romansh, was broadcast on 17 February 1963. This commemorated the 25th anniversary of Romansh's becoming Switzerland's fourth national language.
Broadcasting
Radio
Radio RTR is a Swiss radio station broadcasting in Romansh. The Editor in Chief is Flavio Bundi.
Television
Televisiun Rumantscha (TvR) is RTR's television production unit. It does not have its own dedicated channel; instead RSI La 2, SRF 1, SRF zwei and SRF info air TvR programming for a few hours a day.
It produces 90 minutes of television programmes a week. Its programmes comprise approximately of 50 hours of in house productions, 6 hours of programmes purchased from another broadcaster and 20 hours of special occasions. The Editor in Chief is Flavio Bundi.
Notes and references
External links
Official website
Television networks in Switzerland
Radio in Switzerland
Publicly funded broadcasters
Swiss Broadcasting Corporation
Romansh language
Radio stations established in 1925
Television channels and stations established in 1955
1925 establishments in Switzerland |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%20interval%20%28data%20transmission%29 | The unit interval is the minimum time interval between condition changes of a data transmission signal, also known as the pulse time or symbol duration time. A unit interval (UI) is the time taken in a data stream by each subsequent pulse (or symbol).
When UI is used as a measurement unit of a time interval, the resulting measure of such time interval is dimensionless. It expresses the time interval in terms of UI. Very often, but not always, the UI coincides with the bit time, i.e. with the time interval taken to transmit one bit (binary information digit).
The two coincide in fact in NRZ transmission; they do not coincide in a 2B1Q transmission, where one pulse takes the time of two bits. For example, in a serial line with a baud rate of 2.5 Gbit/s, a unit interval is 1/(2.5 Gbit/s) = 0.4 ns/baud.
Jitter measurement
Jitter is often measured as a fraction of UI. For example, jitter of 0.01 UI is jitter that moves a signal edge by 1% of the UI duration.
The widespread use of UI in jitter measurements comes from the need to apply the same requirements or results to cases of different symbol rates. This can be done when the phenomena investigated are not independent from the symbol duration time but closely related to it. For example, UI is used to measure timing jitter in serial communications or in on-chip clock distributions.
This measurement unit is extensively used in jitter literature. Examples can be found in various ITU-T Recommendations, or in the tutorial from Ransom Stephens.
See also
Baud
Symbol rate
Frequency
References
External links
Facebook Video Downloader
Instagram Profile Downloader
Data transmission |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VoIP%20phone | A VoIP phone or IP phone uses voice over IP technologies for placing and transmitting telephone calls over an IP network, such as the Internet. This is in contrast to a standard phone which uses the traditional public switched telephone network (PSTN).
Digital IP-based telephone service uses control protocols such as the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), Skinny Client Control Protocol (SCCP) or various other proprietary protocols.
Types
VoIP phones can be simple software-based softphones or purpose-built hardware devices that appear much like an ordinary telephone or a cordless phone. Traditional PSTN phones can be used as VoIP phones with analog telephone adapters (ATA).
A VoIP phone or application may have many features an analog phone doesn't support, such as e-mail-like IDs for contacts that may be easier to remember than names or phone numbers, or easy sharing of contact lists among multiple accounts. Generally the features of VoIP phones follow those of Skype and other PC-based phone services, which have richer feature sets but may experience latency-related problems, because they rely on mainstream operating systems' IP and audio support.
As mainstream operating systems became better at voice applications with appropriate quality of service (QoS) guarantees, and 5G handoff (IEEE 802.21 etc.) becomes available from wireless carriers, tablets and smartphones became the dominant interfaces. iPhone, Android and the QNX OS used in 2012-and-later BlackBerry phones are widely capable of VoIP performance. Besides wireless, they also typically support USB, but not Ethernet or Power over Ethernet interfaces. The smartphone became the dominant VoIP phone because it works both indoors and outdoors, and shifts base stations/protocols easily. It achieves this by accepting higher access costs and call clarity, and other factors personal to the user. The PoE/USB VoIP phone was thus relegated to the role of a transitional device, except in traditional business office, where it is still widely used as a desk phone.
Components and software
A VoIP telephone consist of the hardware and software components.
The software requires standard networking components such as a TCP/IP network stack, client implementation for DHCP, and the Domain Name System (DNS).
In addition, a VoIP signalling protocol stack, such as for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), H.323, Skinny Client Control Protocol (Cisco), and/or Skype, is needed.
For media streams, the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is used in most VoIP systems. For voice and media encoding, a variety of codecs are available, such as for audio: G.711, GSM, iLBC, Speex, G.729, G.722, G.722.2 (AMR-WB), other audio codecs, and for video H.263, H.263+, H.264. User interface software controls the operation of the hardware components, and may respond to user actions with messages to a display screen.
STUN client
To enable the VoIP communications, the SIP/RTP packets should be utilised and STUN client would be |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undeletion | Undeletion is a feature for restoring computer files which have been removed from a file system by file deletion. Deleted data can be recovered on many file systems, but not all file systems provide an undeletion feature. Recovering data without an undeletion facility is usually called data recovery, rather than undeletion. Undeletion can both help prevent users from accidentally losing data, or can pose a computer security risk, since users may not be aware that deleted files remain accessible.
Support
Not all file systems or operating systems support undeletion. Undeletion is possible on all FAT file systems, with undeletion utilities provided since MS-DOS 5.0 and DR DOS 6.0 in 1991. It is not supported by most modern UNIX file systems, though AdvFS is a notable exception. The ext2 file system has an add-on program called e2undel which allows file undeletion. The similar ext3 file system does not officially support undeletion, but utilities like ext4magic, extundelete, PhotoRec and ext3grep were written to automate the undeletion on ext3 volumes. Undelete was proposed in ext4, but is yet to be implemented. However, a trash bin feature was posted as a patch on December 4, 2006. The Trash bin feature uses undelete
attributes in ext2/3/4 and Reiser file systems.
Command-line tools
Norton Utilities
Norton UNERASE was an important component in Norton Utilities version 1.0 in 1982.
MS-DOS
Microsoft included a similar UNDELETE program in versions 5.0 to 6.22 of MS-DOS, but applied the Recycle Bin approach instead in later operating systems using FAT.
DR DOS
DR DOS 6.0 and higher support UNDELETE as well, but optionally offer additional protection utilizing the FAT snapshot utility DISKMAP and the resident DELWATCH deletion tracking component, which actively maintains deleted files' date and time stamps and keeps the contents of deleted files from being overwritten unless running out of disk space. DELWATCH also supports undeletion of remote files on file servers. Since Novell DOS 7 the kernel will store the first letter of deleted files in the directory entries in order to further assist undeletion tools in recovering the original name.
PTS-DOS
PTS-DOS offers the same feature, configurable by a SAVENAME CONFIG.SYS directive.
FreeDOS
The FreeDOS version of UNDELETE was developed by Eric Auer and is licensed under the GPL.
Graphical programs
Graphical user environments often take a different approach to undeletion, instead using a "holding area" for files to be deleted. Undesired files are moved to this holding area, and all of the files in the holding area are deleted periodically or when a user requests it. This approach is used by the Trash can in Macintosh operating systems and by the recycle bin in Microsoft Windows. This is a natural continuation of the approach taken by earlier systems, such as the limbo group used by LocoScript. This approach is not subject to the risk that other files being written to the filesystem will disrupt a d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Docks%20railway%20station | Barry Docks Railway Station is one of three railway stations serving the town of Barry, South Wales. Rail passenger services are operated by Transport for Wales as part of the Valley Lines network.
More centrally located than Barry station, it is located on the Cardiff Central - Barry Island branch, south of Cardiff Central and just over north of Barry station and junction for the Vale of Glamorgan branch to Bridgend via Rhoose Cardiff International Airport station and Llantwit Major station.
History
It was built after the Barry Railway Company was incorporated by Act of Parliament on 14 August 1884, for the construction of the Barry Docks.
The company also ran Paddle Steamers from Barry Pier rail miles beyond, to places across the Bristol Channel, but eventually sold out to the Bristol company of P & A Campbell.
Services
Rail
Monday to Saturday daytimes there is a 15-minute frequency northbound to Cardiff Central and beyond (alternately to & ). Southbound, there are 3 trains per hour to Barry Island and an hourly service to Bridgend via Rhoose.
Eastbound services connect at Cardiff Central for other valley lines, e.g. to Rhymney, Treherbert and Ebbw Vale town, the City Line trains that run between Radyr and Coryton, as well as the South Wales main line eastbound. The westbound Vale of Glamorgan branch gives a connection at Bridgend to the South Wales main line towards Swansea and to the Llynfi branch to Maesteg.
On evenings and Sundays there is a generally a half-hourly service to Cardiff Central. Evenings there is an hourly service southbound to Barry Island and Bridgend whilst on Sundays half-hourly to Barry Island and every two hours to Bridgend.
Bus
A transport interchange adjacent to the station was constructed in a former car park for the Barry Dock Offices. It was completed in 2023 following an investment of £3 million. There are currently no bus services calling at the interchange following the withdrawal of bus number 88.
References
External links
Railway stations in the Vale of Glamorgan
DfT Category F2 stations
Former Barry Railway stations
Railway stations served by Transport for Wales Rail
Buildings and structures in Barry, Vale of Glamorgan
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1888 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPMI | IPMI may refer to:
Information Processing in Medical Imaging, a medical imaging conference
Intelligent Platform Management Interface, in computing
Ivey Purchasing Managers Index, in economics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa%20the%20Iconoclast | "Lisa the Iconoclast" is the sixteenth episode of the seventh season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 18, 1996. In this episode, Lisa writes an essay on Springfield founder Jebediah Springfield for the town's bicentennial. While doing research, she learns he was a murderous pirate who viewed the town's citizens with contempt. Lisa and Homer try to reveal the truth about Jebediah but only anger Springfield's residents. It was originally advertised in commercials as a Presidents' Day special episode; the episode aired the day before Presidents' Day.
The episode was written by Jonathan Collier and directed by Mike B. Anderson. It was Anderson's first directing role and the story was inspired by the 1991 exhumation of President Zachary Taylor. Donald Sutherland guest-starred as the voice of Hollis Hurlbut, a part that was written specifically for him. The episode includes several references to Colonial and Revolutionary America. It contains a scene of dialogue between George Washington and Lisa in which he makes a reference to "Kentuckians". It also features Gilbert Stuart's unfinished 1796 painting of George Washington.
The episode features two neologisms, embiggen and cromulent, which were intended to sound like real words but are in fact completely fabricated (although it was later discovered that C. A. Ward had used embiggen in 1884). Embiggen, coined by Dan Greaney, has since been used in several scientific publications, while cromulent, coined by David X. Cohen, appeared in Dictionary.com's 21st Century Lexicon.
Plot
As Springfield celebrates its bicentennial, Miss Hoover assigns Lisa's second-grade class to write an essay on Jebediah Springfield, the town's founder. Meanwhile, Mayor Quimby proclaims Homer the town crier during tryouts for historical figures in the town's upcoming celebration. Because his "criering" is better than Ned Flanders', Homer seizes Ned's heirloom hat and bell as props.
Lisa visits the town's historical society to research Jebediah's life. Hollis Hurlbut, the curator of the society's museum, appreciates Lisa's enthusiasm and grants her access to Jebediah's possessions. While examining his fife, she finds a document inside that purports to be a confession of his secret past as the vicious pirate Hans Sprungfeld, as he was known until 1796. He had attempted to kill George Washington while the latter was having his portrait painted, and later wrote and hid his confession, confident that no one in Springfield would ever find it.
Lisa tries to convince the townspeople of the truth about Jebediah, but is met with disbelief and hostility. Hurlbut dismisses the confession as a forgery, and Miss Hoover gives Lisa a failing grade for writing her essay about it, accusing her of political correctness. Continuing her research, Lisa discovers that Jebediah wore a prosthetic silver tongue after his own was bitten off in a fight. She p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRoC | The Kent Retargetable occam Compiler (KRoC), is computer software, an implementation of the programming language occam, that is based on the Inmos occam 2.1 compiler as a front-end and a retargetable back-end to produce machine code for various microprocessors. Ports of the compiler have been made for PowerPC, SPARC, x86, and Alpha processors.
Along with the translation to different processors, the KRoC team have modified the compiler significantly, creating a compiler for what has become termed occam v2.5, and now as occam-π, pronounced occam-pi.
Originally the translation from the occam compiler front-end was by interpretation of the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) file in assembly language. This worked reasonably well but was slow and occasionally inconvenient.
The current KRoC compiler target is an Extended Transputer Code (ETC), which is then translated into the target machine language. ETC code can be viewed as a kind of byte code: it is a compact description of the compiler's intent on a virtual machine that is similar to the transputer.
ETC-code variants of the KRoC compiler exist for Intel x86 on Linux, and on Windows using Cygwin. A SPARC port is in the works.
References
External links
, Kent
WoTUG.org: KRoC
Dr. Fred Barnes' KRoC page
Transterpreter, virtual machine for occam which executes an ETC based bytecode
occam-π language
Compilers
University of Kent |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam-%CF%80 | In computer science, occam-π (or occam-pi) is the name of a variant of the programming language occam developed by the Kent Retargetable occam Compiler (KRoC) team at the University of Kent. The name reflects the introduction of elements of π-calculus (pi-calculus) into occam, especially concepts involving mobile agents (processes) and data. The language contains several extensions to occam 2.1, including:
Nested protocols
Run-time process creation
Mobile channels, data, and processes
Recursion
Protocol inheritance
Array constructors
Extended rendezvous
See also
occam (programming language)
Transputer
KRoC
Transterpreter
References
External links
University of Kent Occam-pi project page
Tock Occam compiler
Parallel programming users group on Occam-pi
Concurrent programming languages
University of Kent |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homie%20the%20Clown | "Homie the Clown" is the fifteenth episode of the sixth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 12, 1995. In the episode, Homer becomes a Krusty the Clown impersonator, but is mistaken for the real Krusty by the Springfield Mafia. Joe Mantegna returned as Fat Tony, while Dick Cavett and Johnny Unitas guest starred as themselves.
The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by David Silverman. Swartzwelder's script required very little rewriting and Silverman considers this one of the best episodes he has directed. He later used it to help him when directing The Simpsons Movie. One dropped storyline for The Simpsons saw Krusty being revealed as Homer's secret identity and this episode allowed writers to comment upon the similarity of the two characters' design. The episode features references to Close Encounters of the Third Kind, The Godfather, and The Maltese Falcon.
Plot
Krusty's gambling debts and reckless spending land him in deep trouble with the Springfield Mafia. To make more money, he launches a training college for clowns, where Homer enrolls. After graduating, he impersonates Krusty at events that the real Krusty deems beneath him, such as children's birthday parties and the unveiling of a new sandwich at Krusty Burger.
The stress of impersonating Krusty makes Homer consider quitting. He soon discovers his uncanny resemblance to the clown has its benefits: Chief Wiggum rips up a speeding ticket when he mistakes Homer for Krusty, and Apu gives him a discount at the Kwik-E-Mart.
Later, Homer realizes that impersonating Krusty also has its pitfalls: Homer is kidnapped by the Mafia when they mistake him for Krusty, who still owes them money. Don Vittorio DiMaggio tells Homer he will kill him unless he performs a loop-the-loop on a tiny bicycle, the only trick Homer never did master at clown college. After he fails to perform the stunt to DiMaggio's satisfaction, the Mafioso is deeply offended.
Soon the real Krusty arrives and the confused DiMaggio forces them to perform the stunt together on the same tiny bicycle. They succeed and their lives are spared, but DiMaggio still requires Krusty to pay off his gambling debt – which proves to be a mere $48.
Production
The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by David Silverman. Swartzwelder came up with the idea and his script required very little rewriting. The episode is one of Silverman's favorites and he was pleased to direct it, after enjoying Swartzwelder's script. Silverman felt he himself "brought a lot to the party on [this] one", and although "people didn't like [Swartzwelder's script] at the read-through", Silverman thought "the script was really funny, and I had an idea for the opening and presented it with a lot of circus music that inspired the music they used for it. It was great fun." He used it, along with "Three Men and a Comic Book", to help him whe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IWar | iWar is the term used by NATO to describe a form of Internet-based warfare.
iWar comparisons
iWar is distinct in that information warfare pertains to issues of intelligence, whereas cyber-warfare and cyber-terrorism pertain to issues of extelligence. These refer to degrees of sensitivity in military and infrastructure assets, battlefield communications and satellite tactical assessments. iWar refers to attacks carried out over the Internet, that target specific assets within Internet superstructure, for example: websites that provide access to online services.
iWar attack
iWar has an example in having been conducted by denial-of-service attacks, using high volume bombardment during information requests, bottlenecking Internet based computer networking.
In the future
The two trends of increasing vulnerability over the Internet and ease of attack make conflagration of iWar probable.
2008 Russia-Georgian conflict
The 2008 South Ossetia war heralded the arrival of iWar.
See also
References
Further reading
External links
IWS - The Information Warfare Site
Institute for the Advanced Study of Information Warfare (IASIW)
Cyberwarfare
Information operations and warfare
Propaganda techniques
Psychological warfare techniques
21st-century conflicts |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistica | Statistica is an advanced analytics software package originally developed by StatSoft and currently maintained by TIBCO Software Inc.
Statistica provides data analysis, data management, statistics, data mining, machine learning, text analytics and data visualization procedures.
Overview
Statistica is a suite of analytics software products and solutions originally developed by StatSoft and acquired by Dell in March 2014. The software includes an array of data analysis, data management, data visualization, and data mining procedures; as well as a variety of predictive modeling, clustering, classification, and exploratory techniques. Additional techniques are available through integration with the free, open source R programming environment.
Different packages of analytical techniques are available in six product lines.
History
Statistica originally derived from a set of software packages and add-ons that were initially developed during the mid-1980s by StatSoft. Following the 1986 release of Complete Statistical System (CSS) and the 1988 release of Macintosh Statistical System (MacSS), the first DOS version (trademarked in capitals as STATISTICA) was released in 1991. In 1992, the Macintosh version of Statistica was released.
Statistica 5.0 was released in 1995. It ran on both the new 32-bit Windows 95/NT and the older version of Windows (3.1). It featured many new statistics and graphics procedures, a word-processor-style output editor (combining tables and graphs), and a built-in development environment that enabled the user to easily design new procedures (e.g., via the included Statistica Basic language) and integrate them with the Statistica system.
Statistica 5.1 was released in 1996 followed by Statistica CA '97 and Statistica '98 editions.
In 2001, Statistica 6 was based on the COM architecture and it included multithreading and support for distributed computing.
Statistica 9 was released in 2009, supporting 32 bit and 64-bit computing.
Statistica 10 was released in November 2010. This release featured further performance optimizations for the 64-bit CPU architecture, as well as multithreading technologies, integration with Microsoft SharePoint, Microsoft Office 2010 and other applications, the ability to generate Java and C# code, and other GUI and kernel improvements.
Statistica 12 was released in April 2013 and features a new GUI, performance improvements when handling large amounts of data, a new visual analytic workspace, a new database query tool as well as several analytics enhancements.
Localized versions of Statistica (including the entire family of products) are available in Chinese (both Traditional and Simplified), Czech, English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Russian, and Spanish. Documentation is available in Arabic, Chinese, Czech, English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and other languages.
Acquisition history
Statistica was acquired by D |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GENESIS | GENESIS is a project maintained by the Women's Library at London Metropolitan University. It provides an online database and a list of sources with an intent to support research into women's history.
Database
The database consists of descriptions of women's history collections from sources in the UK.
Guide to Sources
The project also provides a Guide to Sources to a large array of websites relating to women's history—both within the UK and internationally.
References
GENESIS project information page
External links
GENESIS homepage
Bibliographic databases and indexes
Organisations based in London
History of women in the United Kingdom
London Metropolitan University |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBDO | BBDO is a worldwide advertising agency network, with its headquarters in New York City. The agency originated in 1891 with the George Batten Company, and in 1928, through a merger with Barton, Durstine & Osborn (BDO), the agency became Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn. With more than 15,000 employees at 289 offices in 81 countries, it is the largest of three global networks of agencies (BBDO, DDB and TBWA) in the portfolio of Omnicom Group.
BBDO was named "Network of the Year" in 2005 by trade publications Adweek, Advertising Age and Campaign. In 2006, then-mayor of New York Michael Bloomberg proclaimed January 10 as BBDO day in recognition of the strength of its advertising, as well as its contributions to New York City. BBDO was named "Network of the Year" by The Gunn Report for thirteen consecutive years beginning in 2006, and it has won "Network of the Year" seven times since 2007 at the Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity. It was named "Global Network of the Year" by Adweek in 2011 and 2014.
Origins
The Barton & Durstine Company (founded by Bruce Barton and Roy Sarles Durstine) opened in January 1919, and when Alex Osborn joined the agency in July 1919, it was renamed Barton, Durstine & Osborn. In 1928, the George Batten Company (then managed by William H. Johns) merged with Barton, Durstine & Osborn to form Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn, abbreviated B.B.D.O. or BBD&O, later BBDO.
History
1891 George Batten (1854–1918), 37, opened his one-room advertising agency at 38 Park Row, New York, with no clients and one employee.
1894 Batten's agency was the first one to install in-house printing. He advocated the use of plain, simple type, which he said "stands out like a Quaker on Broadway."
1906 The agency, now with 50 employees, moved to the Metropolitan Annex building on East 24th Street, occupying the entire 11th floor – .
1918 George Batten died at 64, and William H. Johns became president of the Batten agency.
1919 The Barton & Durstine Company opened on January 1 at 25 West 45th St., with Bruce Barton as president and Roy Durstine as secretary-treasurer. In July, Alex Osborn joined the agency, which was renamed Barton, Durstine & Osborn.
1923 Both B.D.O. and the Batten agency moved to the Knapp building at 383 Madison Avenue. B.D.O. leased an entire floor, while the Batten agency, with 246 employees, took a floor and a half. The 12-story building, designed by the architectural firm of Cross and Cross, was demolished in the late 1990s to make way for the 47-story Bear Stearns building (now JP Morgan Chase).
1925 B.D.O. aired its first radio program: an hour show for Atwater Kent radios, for which the agency had obtained the exclusive right to broadcast Metropolitan Opera stars. Two years later, B.D.O. became the first agency to establish a radio department.
1927 John Caples, who later would become the world's authority on copy testing, joined B.D.O.
1928 On September 21, the Batten agency and B.D.O. announced a |
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