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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersoldier | The supersoldier (or super soldier) is a fictional concept soldier, often capable of operating beyond normal human limits or abilities either through genetic modification or cybernetic augmentation.
Overview
Supersoldiers are common in military science fiction literature, films, and video games. Examples include Starship Troopers by Robert A. Heinlein and The Forever War by Joe Haldeman. Supersoldiers are also prevalant in the science fiction universe of Warhammer 40,000 and its prequel The Horus Heresy. Critic Mike Ryder has argued that the supersoldiers depicted in these worlds serve as a mirror to present-day issues around sovereignty, military ethics and the law.
Fictional supersoldiers are usually heavily augmented, either through surgical means, eugenics, genetic engineering, cybernetic implants, drugs, brainwashing, traumatic events, an extreme training regimen or other scientific and pseudoscientific means. Occasionally, some instances also use paranormal methods or technology and science of extraterrestrial origin. In entertainment, the creators of such programs are viewed often as mad scientists or stern military personnel depending on the emphasis, as their programs would typically go past ethical boundaries in the pursuit of science or military might.
China
In 2022, the People's Liberation Army Academy of Military Sciences reported that a team of military scientists inserted a gene from the tardigrade into human embryonic stem cells in an experiment with the stated possibility of creating soldiers resistant to acute radiation syndrome who could survive nuclear fallout.
Cyborg soldier
Some fictional supersoldiers can also be categorized as cyborgs or cybernetic organisms because of augmentations that are intended to enhance human capabilities or to exceed physical human restrictions.
U.S. Army
In the book The Men Who Stare at Goats (2004), Welsh journalist Jon Ronson documented how the U.S. military repeatedly tried and failed to train soldiers in the use of parascientific and pseudoscientific combat techniques during the Cold War, experimenting with New Age tactics and psychic phenomena such as remote viewing, astral projections, "death touch" and mind reading against various Soviet targets. The book also inspired a war comedy of the same name (2009) directed by Grant Heslov, starring George Clooney.
See also
First Earth Battalion
Future Soldier 2030 Initiative
Human enhancement
List of psychoactive drugs used by militaries
Project MKUltra
Superhuman
Übermensch
Archetypes in fiction
Space marine
Superhero
Fictional examples
Captain America
Bloodshot (comics)
Clone trooper
Deadpool
Deathstroke
Doomguy
Master Chief (Halo)
Soldier Boy
Space Marines (Warhammer 40,000)
Starship Troopers
Stormtrooper (Star Wars)
Winter Soldier (comics)
Wolverine (character)
References
Military projects
Research projects
Eugenics in fiction
Military science fiction
Fictional soldiers
Stock characters
Science fiction |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursor%20%28user%20interface%29 | In human–computer interaction, a cursor is an indicator used to show the current position on a computer monitor or other display device that will respond to input.
Etymology
Cursor is Latin for 'runner'. A cursor is a name given to the transparent slide engraved with a hairline used to mark a point on a slide rule. The term was then transferred to computers through analogy.
On 14 November 1963, while attending a conference on computer graphics in Reno, Nevada, Douglas Engelbart of Augmentation Research Center (ARC) first expressed his thoughts to pursue his objective of developing both hardware and software computer technology to "augment" human intelligence by pondering how to adapt the underlying principles of the planimeter to inputting X- and Y-coordinate data, and envisioned something like the cursor of a mouse he initially called a "bug", which, in a "3-point" form, could have a "drop point and 2 orthogonal wheels". He wrote that the "bug" would be "easier" and "more natural" to use, and unlike a stylus, it would stay still when let go, which meant it would be "much better for coordination with the keyboard."
According to Roger Bates, a young hardware designer at ARC under Bill English, the cursor on the screen was for some unknown reason also referred to as "CAT" at the time, which led to calling the new pointing device a "mouse" as well.
Text cursor
In most command-line interfaces or text editors, the text cursor, also known as a caret, is an underscore, a solid rectangle, or a vertical line, which may be flashing or steady, indicating where text will be placed when entered (the insertion point). In text mode displays, it was not possible to show a vertical bar between characters to show where the new text would be inserted, so an underscore or block cursor was used instead. In situations where a block was used, the block was usually created by inverting the pixels of the character using the boolean math exclusive or function. On text editors and word processors of modern design on bitmapped displays, the vertical bar is typically used instead.
In a typical text editing application, the cursor can be moved by pressing various keys. These include the four arrow keys, the Page Up and Page Down keys, the Home key, the End key, and various key combinations involving a modifier key such as the Control key. The position of the cursor also may be changed by moving the mouse pointer to a different location in the document and clicking.
The blinking of the text cursor is usually temporarily suspended when it is being moved; otherwise, the cursor may change position when it is not visible, making its location difficult to follow.
The concept of a blinking cursor can be attributed to Charles Kiesling Sr. via US Patent 3531796, filed in August 1967.
Some interfaces use an underscore or thin vertical bar to indicate that the user is in insert mode, a mode where text will be inserted in the middle of the existing text, and a larger block to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursor%20%28databases%29 | In computer science, a database cursor is a mechanism that enables traversal over the records in a database. Cursors facilitate subsequent processing in conjunction with the traversal, such as retrieval, addition and removal of database records. The database cursor characteristic of traversal makes cursors akin to the programming language concept of iterator.
Cursors are used by database programmers to process individual rows returned by database system queries. Cursors enable manipulation of whole result sets at once. In this scenario, a cursor enables the sequential processing of rows in a result set.
In SQL procedures, a cursor makes it possible to define a result set (a set of data rows) and perform complex logic on a row by row basis. By using the same mechanics, a SQL procedure can also define a result set and return it directly to the caller of the SQL procedure or to a client application.
A cursor can be viewed as a pointer to one row in a set of rows. The cursor can only reference one row at a time, but can move to other rows of the result set as needed.
Usage
To use cursors in SQL procedures, you need to do the following:
Declare a cursor that defines a result set
Open the cursor to establish the result set
Fetch the data into local variables as needed from the cursor, one row at a time
Close the cursor when done
To work with cursors you must use the following SQL statements
This section introduces the ways the SQL:2003 standard defines how to use cursors in applications in embedded SQL. Not all application bindings for relational database systems adhere to that standard, and some (such as CLI or JDBC) use a different interface.
A programmer makes a cursor known to the DBMS by using a DECLARE ... CURSOR statement and assigning the cursor a (compulsory) name:
DECLARE cursor_name CURSOR IS SELECT ... FROM ...
Before code can access the data, it must open the cursor with the OPEN statement. Directly following a successful opening, the cursor is positioned before the first row in the result set.
OPEN cursor_name
Applications position cursors on a specific row in the result set with the FETCH statement. A fetch operation transfers the data of the row into the application.
FETCH cursor_name INTO ...
Once an application has processed all available rows or the fetch operation is to be positioned on a non-existing row (compare scrollable cursors below), the DBMS returns a SQLSTATE '02000' (usually accompanied by an SQLCODE +100) to indicate the end of the result set.
The final step involves closing the cursor using the CLOSE statement:
CLOSE cursor_name
After closing a cursor, a program can open it again, which implies that the DBMS re-evaluates the same query or a different query and builds a new result set.
Scrollable cursors
Programmers may declare cursors as scrollable or not scrollable. The scrollability indicates the direction in which a cursor can move.
With a non-scrollable (or forward-only) cursor, you can |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draw%20distance | In computer graphics, draw distance (render distance or view distance) is the maximum distance of objects in a three-dimensional scene that are drawn by the rendering engine. Polygons that lie beyond the draw distance will not be drawn to the screen.
Draw distance requires definition because a processor having to render objects out to an infinite distance would slow down the application to an unacceptable speed. As the draw distance increases, more distant polygons need to be drawn onto the screen that would regularly be clipped. This requires more computing power; the graphic quality and realism of the scene will increase as draw distance increases, but the overall performance (frames per second) will decrease. Many games and applications will allow users to manually set the draw distance to balance performance and visuals.
Problems in older games
Older games had far shorter draw distances, most noticeable in vast, open scenes. In many cases, once-distant objects or terrain would suddenly appear without warning as the camera got closer to them, an effect known as "pop-up graphics", "pop-in", or "draw in". This is a hallmark of short draw distance, and still affects large, open-ended games like the Grand Theft Auto series and Second Life. In newer games, this effect is usually limited to smaller objects such as people or trees, a contrast to older games where huge chunks of terrain could suddenly appear or fade in along with smaller objects. The Sony PlayStation game Formula 1 97 offered a setting so the player could choose between fixed draw distance (with variable frame rate) and fixed frame rate (with variable draw distance).
Alternatives
A common trick used in games to disguise a short draw distance is to obscure the area with a distance fog. Alternative methods have been developed to sidestep the problem altogether using level of detail manipulation. Black & White was one of the earlier games to use adaptive level of detail to decrease the number of polygons in objects as they moved away from the camera, allowing it to have a massive draw distance while maintaining detail in close-up views.
The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker uses a variant of the level of detail programming. The game overworld is divided into 49 squares. Each square has an island inside of it; the distances between the island and the borders of the square are considerable. Everything within a square is loaded when entered, including all models used in close-up views and animations. Utilizing the telescope item, one can see just how detailed even far-away areas are. However, textures are not displayed; they are faded in as one gets closer to the square's island. Islands outside of the current square are less detailed—however, these far-away island models do not degenerate any further than that, even though some of these islands can be seen from everywhere else in the overworld. In both indoor and outdoor areas, there is no distance fog; however, there are some areas w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20state%20routes%20in%20Pennsylvania | The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) is responsible for the establishment and classification of a state highway network which includes Interstate Highways, U.S. Highways, and state routes. U.S. and Interstate highways are classified as state routes in Pennsylvania. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania established the Location Referencing System (LRS) in 1987, which registers all numbered routes in Pennsylvania as SR-X. A state route would be SR 39, a US Route would be SR 22, and an Interstate route would be SR 80. However, routes which are numbered between 0000 and 0999 are classified as Traffic Routes, which are abbreviated as PA 39, US 22, and I-80, instead. There are also four-digit numbers for various "state roads" over which PennDOT has jurisdiction, but those numbers are not displayed on the roads, except in rural areas, where they are posted with index-card-sized small signs. In urban areas, these numbers are somewhat less prominently posted, and these streets are known by the names on the street signs.
History
In 1911, when the Sproul Road Bill was passed, a large number of Legislative Routes (LR) were assigned. These were the primary internal numbering until the present Location Referencing System was adopted in 1987. See also List of legislative routes in Pennsylvania.
Signed Traffic Route numbers from 1 to 12 were first assigned in 1924 to several of the national auto trails:
Italics denote former routes.
Pennsylvania Route 1: Lincoln Highway
Pennsylvania Route 2: Lackawanna Trail
Pennsylvania Route 3: William Penn Highway
Pennsylvania Route 4: Susquehanna Trail
Pennsylvania Route 5: Lakes-to-Sea Highway
Pennsylvania Route 6: Old Monument Trail (after 1924)
Pennsylvania Route 7: Roosevelt Highway
Pennsylvania Route 8: William Flinn Highway (after 1924)
Pennsylvania Route 9: Yellowstone Trail, Chicago-Buffalo Highway
Pennsylvania Route 10: Buffalo-Pittsburgh Highway (1927)
Pennsylvania Route 11: National Pike, National Old Trails Road
Pennsylvania Route 12: Baltimore Pike
Pennsylvania Route 13: Chambersburg, Pennsylvania - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (after 1924)
Pennsylvania Route 14: York Trail (1927)
Pennsylvania Route 17: Benjamin Franklin Highway (1927)
Pennsylvania Route 18: Erie-Lincoln Highway (1927)
Pennsylvania Route 19: Lewistown - Scranton, Anthracite Trail (after 1924)
Pennsylvania Route 22: Keystone Trail (1927)
Pennsylvania Route 24: Washington-Harrisburg Route (after 1924)
Pennsylvania Route 33: Lykens Valley Trail (1927)
Pennsylvania Route 41: Reading - Harrisburg (after 1924)
Pennsylvania Route 44: Highway to the Stars (Potter County)
Pennsylvania Route 46: Bradford Farmers' Valley Highway (1927)
Pennsylvania Route 55: Bucktail Trail (1927)
Pennsylvania Route 64: Horseshoe Trail, Altoona-Bellefonte-Cumberland Trail (1927)
Pennsylvania Route 66: Anchor Line
Pennsylvania Route 88: Perry Highway (1927)
Soon more numbers were assigned, including three-digit numbers for branches |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-11/73 | The PDP-11/73 (strictly speaking, the MicroPDP-11/73) was the third generation of the PDP-11 series of 16-bit minicomputers produced by Digital Equipment Corporation to use LSI processors. Introduced in 1983, this system used the DEC J-11 chip set and the Q-Bus, with a clock speed of 15.2 MHz.
The 11/73 (also known as the KDJ11A) is a dual height module with on board bootstrap, cache and bus interface. From a speed perspective it suffered from accessing memory over the Q-bus rather than the private memory interconnect bus adopted by the later PDP-11/83.
References
PDP-11 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail%20Class%20320 | The British Rail Class 320 is an electric multiple unit (EMU) passenger train found on the Strathclyde rail network in Central Scotland. They are mainly used on the North Clyde Line and the Argyle Line, but they can also be seen on Glasgow Central to Lanark and Cathcart Circle and Inverclyde Line services. The Class 320 uses alternating current (AC) overhead electrification.
Details
The Class 320 is effectively a three-car derivative of the Class 321 units found in and around London, East Anglia and Yorkshire. Built in 1990 by British Rail Engineering Limited's Holgate Road carriage works, York, 22 three-car sets were ordered by SPT to replace the unrefurbished members of the Class 303 which were by then 30 years old, and all Class 311 units. The trains were built against order numbers 31060–31062, which were issued on 6 January 1989 and completed on 31 October 1990.
The units run on 25 kV AC overhead line supply via a Brecknell Willis high speed pantograph, using four Brush TM2141B traction motors. With much shorter passenger journeys in mind, the Class 320 units originally lacked the toilets of the Class 321 units and also began life with a lower speed capability () due to the much closer spacing of stations on the North Clyde Line. The lower design speed meant that yaw dampers could be omitted from the class. However, yaw dampers were fitted across the class in 2010, allowing them to run at . This meant that the units could be used on the sections of the Argyle Line route shared with the West Coast Main Line (and in theory, the Airdrie-Bathgate extension of the North Clyde Line and beyond, although this is currently prevented by a lack of DOO equipment) and also allows full-speed running in multiple with the near similar Class 318. Their interior design includes paintings of various landmarks and famous sights along the various SPT rail routes on the car ends.
The Class 320 units are fitted with GSM-R cab radios and took part in the GSM-R trial in the Strathclyde area.
Operations
The units were originally intended to operate on the Argyle Line but, mainly because the platform monitors on the Argyle Line stations did not line up with the driver cabs, the units were initially restricted to the North Clyde Line, although they were occasionally used for VIP trips from the high-level platforms of Glasgow Central when they were the newest EMU stock in the SPT fleet. The problem was resolved in 2011 and the units began entering service to replace the final Class 334 units on the Argyle Line. From December 2016, Class 320s started to operate on the Cathcart/Newton lines from Glasgow Central High Level to replace a number of Class 314 units that were transferred to the Inverclyde Line.
Like all SPT rolling stock of the period, the Class 320 was painted in the orange/black livery until 1997, when the carmine/cream livery was progressively phased in. Between 2002 and 2004, the Class 320 fleet was given an interior refurbishment, with new seat covers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%20Feud%20%28The%20Simpsons%29 | "Blood Feud" is the twenty-second and final episode of the second season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on July 11, 1991. In the episode, Mr. Burns falls ill and desperately needs a blood transfusion. Homer discovers Bart has Burns' rare blood type and urges him to donate, thinking the Simpsons will be handsomely rewarded. After receiving the blood transfusion, Burns sends them a card with no money. Marge convinces Homer not to send an insulting reply to his boss, but when Bart mails the letter anyway, Burns is livid. He later forgives Homer and sends the Simpsons a giant Olmec carving to show his gratitude.
The episode was written by George Meyer and directed by David Silverman. Executive producer Sam Simon and writers Al Jean and Mike Reiss came up with the idea for the episode. A co-worker had recently needed a blood transfusion, and the writers thought it would be funny if Mr. Burns had one. Although Meyer was credited with writing the episode, Jean and Reiss re-wrote and polished the script. The episode includes the debut of the Olmec head Xtapolapocetl, which would become a common background prop in the Simpson home.
"Blood Feud" was part of the season two production run, but was completed behind schedule. It was originally broadcast on July 11, 1991, as part of "premiere week", the Fox Network's attempt to expand the typical 30-week prime time season and gain new viewers for the fall. In its original broadcast, the episode finished 24th in ratings for the week with a Nielsen rating of 10.8.
Plot
Mr. Burns falls ill with a life-threatening condition called hypohemia — in which the body fails to produce enough blood — and needs a blood transfusion. Searching for a donor, Burns finds none of the employees at Springfield Nuclear Power Plant share his rare blood type, double O negative. Some even laugh about Burns' condition and refuse to reveal their blood type. Homer originally offers to donate some of his blood believing that he would get a reward for saving Burns' life, but discovers that his blood type is A positive. When discussing it with Marge, he learns that his son Bart is double O negative. Although Bart has second thoughts on donating blood Homer urges him to, promising that Burns will reward the Simpsons handsomely. After Bart reluctantly agrees and his donation saves Burns' life, Burns sends the Simpsons a thank-you card. Enraged at the paltry gesture, Homer writes an insulting reply, but Marge convinces him not to send it. The next morning, Homer finds the letter missing and learns Bart has mailed it.
When Homer fails to prevent the letter from reaching Burns' desk by attempting and failing to fill the mailbox with water, Burns receives the letter. Burns is initially impressed with the positive start of the letter, but before Homer can leave Burns' office, Burns reads the rest of the letter. Furious, Burns demands that Homer be beaten by thu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runtime%20system | In computer programming, a runtime system or runtime environment is a sub-system that exists both in the computer where a program is created, as well as in the computers where the program is intended to be run. The name comes from the compile time and runtime division from compiled languages, which similarly distinguishes the computer processes involved in the creation of a program (compilation) and its execution in the target machine (the run time).
Most programming languages have some form of runtime system that provides an environment in which programs run. This environment may address a number of issues including the management of application memory, how the program accesses variables, mechanisms for passing parameters between procedures, interfacing with the operating system, and otherwise. The compiler makes assumptions depending on the specific runtime system to generate correct code. Typically the runtime system will have some responsibility for setting up and managing the stack and heap, and may include features such as garbage collection, threads or other dynamic features built into the language.
Overview
Every programming language specifies an execution model, and many implement at least part of that model in a runtime system. One possible definition of runtime system behavior, among others, is "any behavior not directly attributable to the program itself". This definition includes putting parameters onto the stack before function calls, parallel execution of related behaviors, and disk I/O.
By this definition, essentially every language has a runtime system, including compiled languages, interpreted languages, and embedded domain-specific languages. Even API-invoked standalone execution models, such as Pthreads (POSIX threads), have a runtime system that implements the execution model's behavior.
Most scholarly papers on runtime systems focus on the implementation details of parallel runtime systems. A notable example of a parallel runtime system is Cilk, a popular parallel programming model. The proto-runtime toolkit was created to simplify the creation of parallel runtime systems.
In addition to execution model behavior, a runtime system may also perform support services such as type checking, debugging, or code generation and optimization.
Relation to runtime environments
The runtime system is also the gateway through which a running program interacts with the runtime environment. The runtime environment includes not only accessible state values, but also active entities with which the program can interact during execution. For example, environment variables are features of many operating systems, and are part of the runtime environment; a running program can access them via the runtime system. Likewise, hardware devices such as disks or DVD drives are active entities that a program can interact with via a runtime system.
One unique application of a runtime environment is its use within an operating system that only al |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paula%20Trickey | Paula Trickey (born March 27, 1966) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Cory McNamara on the USA Network series Pacific Blue (1996–2000), and for her roles in a number of television films.
Early life
Trickey was born in Amarillo, Texas to Virginia (Demorest) and Harold Trickey, and raised in Tulsa, Oklahoma, where she attended East Central High School.
While in high school, she appeared in local television commercials and began competing in pageants. In 1985, she was crowned Miss Oklahoma in the All-American Teen Pageant (a Miss USA production) only to lose in the finals to an unknown Halle Berry.
Career
Following high school Trickey moved to Dallas where she studied acting and worked in commercials and local film productions. She moved to Los Angeles in 1986.
Trickey is known for her role on the USA Network series Pacific Blue between 1996 and 2000, where she starred as Officer/Sgt. Cory McNamara. She has made guest appearances on many TV shows, including Beverly Hills, 90210, Baywatch, Renegade, Sliders, Walker, Texas Ranger, and One Tree Hill.
She appeared on the third and fourth seasons of The O.C., playing the mother of Harbor School socialite Taylor Townsend. She's acted as the lead in several Lifetime, LMN and Hallmark movies and is moving into producing as well. She hosts and produces several celebrity golf charity events and music events for charity.
Personal life
She is divorced, with one daughter.
Select filmography
Maniac Cop 2 (1990)
Beverly Hills, 90210 (1992–1993) (TV)
Renegade (1993-1994) (TV)
A Kiss Goodnight (1994) (TV movie)
Pacific Blue (1996–2000) (TV) (main role)
The Base (1999) (direct-to-video)
Walker, Texas Ranger (2000) (TV) - DEA Agent Leslie Clarkson
A Carol Christmas (2003) (TV movie)
One Tree Hill (2004) (TV)
McBride: Murder Past Midnight (2005) (TV movie)
Gone But Not Forgotten (2005) (direct-to-video)
Past Tense (2006) (TV movies)
The O.C. (2006–2007) (TV)
Til Lies Do Us Part (2007) (TV movie)
Locked Away (2010) (TV movie; aka. Maternal Obsession)
The Cheating Pact (2013) (TV movie)
Betrayed at 17 (2014) (TV movie)
Crimes of the Mind (2015)
Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2 (2015)
Bridal Bootcamp (2016) (TV movie)
Running Away (2017) (TV movie)
References
External links
1966 births
Living people
American television actresses
People from Amarillo, Texas
Actresses from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Actresses from Texas
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing%20Research%20Association | The Computing Research Association (CRA) is a 501(c)3 non-profit association of North American academic departments of computer science, computer engineering, and related fields; laboratories and centers in industry, government, and academia engaging in basic computing research; and affiliated professional societies. CRA was formed in 1972 and is based in Washington, D.C., United States.
Mission and activities
CRA's mission is to enhance innovation by joining with industry, government and academia to strengthen research and advanced education in computing. CRA executes this mission by leading the computing research community, informing policymakers and the public, and facilitating the development of strong, diverse talent in the field.
Policy
CRA assists policymakers who seek to understand the issues confronting the federal Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD) program, a thirteen-agency, $4-billion-a-year federal effort to support computing research. CRA works to educate Members of Congress and provide policy makers with expert testimony in areas associated with computer science research. CRA and their Computing Community Consortium (CCC) sponsored the Leadership in Science Policy Institute, a one and half day workshop that took place in Washington, D.C. CRA also maintains a Government Affairs website and a Computing Research Policy Blog.
Professional development
CRA works to support computing researchers throughout their careers to help ensure that the need for a continuous supply of talented and well-educated computing researchers and advanced practitioners is met. CRA assists with leadership development within the computing research community, promotes needed changes in advanced education, and encourages participation by members of underrepresented groups. CRA offers Academic Careers Workshops, supports the CRA-W: CRA's Committee on the Status of Women in Computing Research, and runs the DREU: Distributed Research Experiences for Undergraduates Project.
Leadership
CRA supports leadership development in the research community to support researchers in broadening the scope of computing research and increasing its impact on society and works to promote cooperation among various elements of the computing research community. CRA supports the CRA Conference at Snowbird, a biennial conference where leadership in computing research departments gather to network and address common issues in the field. CRA also supports the Computing Leadership Summit.
Information collection and dissemination
CRA collects and disseminates information to the research and policy-making communities information about the importance and state of computing research and related policy. CRA works to develop relevant information and make the information available to the public, policy makers, and computing research community.
CRA publishes the Taulbee Survey, a key source of information on the enrollment, production, and employment |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20route%20E75 | European route E 75 is part of the International E-road network, which is a series of main roads in Europe.
The E 75 starts at the town of Vardø in Norway by the Barents Sea, and it runs south through Finland, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, North Macedonia, and Greece. The road ends after about (not counting ferries) at the town of Sitia on the eastern end of the island of Crete in the Mediterranean Sea, it being the most southerly point reached by an E-road. (The northernmost one is E69)
From the beginning of the 1990s until 2009, there was no ferry connection between Helsinki and Gdańsk. However, Finnlines started a regular service between Helsinki and Gdynia. It is also possible to take a ferry from Helsinki to Tallinn and drive along the E67 from Tallinn to Piotrków Trybunalski in Poland and then continue with the E75.
Settlements
Major towns and cities on the E75 are:
Route
: Vardø – Varangerbotn (Start of Concurrency with ) – Utsjoki (End of Concurrency with )
: Utsjoki – Ivalo – Sodankylä () – Rovaniemi – Kemi () – Oulu () – Jyväskylä () – Lahti – Helsinki ()
: Helsinki ()
: Helsinki – Gdynia
No ferry to Gdynia. Closest alternative is Helsinki - Gdańsk
: Gdańsk ()
: Gdańsk ()
: Gdańsk () – Pruszcz Gdański
: Pruszcz Gdański – Grudziądz () – Toruń – Łódź () – Piotrków Trybunalski () – Częstochowa – Pyrzowice
: Pyrzowice – Podwarpie
: Podwarpie – Dąbrowa Górnicza
: Dąbrowa Górnicza – Mysłowice (, Start of Concurrency with ) – Tychy
: Tychy – Bielsko-Biała
: Bielsko-Biała – Cieszyn
: Český Těšín (Start of Concurrency with )
: Český Těšín (End of Concurrency with ) - Mosty u Jablunkova
: Svrčinovec - Čadca
: Čadca - Žilina
: Žilina (Start of Concurrency with )
: Žilina () - Trenčín (, End of Concurrency with ) - Trnava (Start of Concurrency with ) - Bratislava ()
: Bratislava (Start of Concurrency with , End of Concurrency with )
: Rajka - Mosonmagyaróvár ()
: Mosonmagyaróvár (Start of Concurrency with , End of Concurrency with ) - Budapest
: Budapest ()
: Budapest - Újhartyán (End of Concurrency with ) - Kecskemét - Szeged
: Horgoš - Subotica () - Novi Sad - Belgrade () - Paraćin () - Niš () - Preševo
: Tabanovce - Kumanovo () - Petrovec (Towards and Skopje) - Gevgelija
: Evzonoi - Thessaloniki () - Larissa () - Lamia () - Thermopylae () - Thiva () - Athens ()
Athens - Chania
: Chania ()
: Chania () - Heraklion
: Heraklion - Hersonissos
: Hersonissos - Sitia
Gallery
See also
Finnish national road 4
Autostrada A1 (Poland)
E75 in Serbia
E75 in North Macedonia
Motorway 1 (Greece)
References
External links
UN Economic Commission for Europe: Overall Map of E-road Network (2007)
75
E075
E075
E075
E075
E075
E075
E075
E075
E075
National Tourist Routes in Norway
Roads within the Arctic Circle |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service%20Management%20Facility | Service Management Facility (SMF) is a feature of the Solaris operating system as of version 10 and OpenSolaris-descendant illumos with its illumos distributions, that creates a supported, unified model for services and service management on each Solaris or illumos system and replaces init.d scripts. SMF introduces:
Dependency order. Services sometimes depend on one another for proper operation, and a robust system should know each service's dependencies. If an underlying service fails, it needs to be corrected before other services that depend upon it are affected.
Configurable boot verbosity
Delegation of tasks to non-root users. A service can be configured to run within a limited set of privileges, rather than as the all-powerful root user. If a service has been compromised, the amount of damage that can be inflicted by the intruder will be minimized if the service's power is constrained to that of a more limited user.
Parallel starting of services. This speeds up the boot process by starting multiple services simultaneously, allowing idle CPU time resulting from a service that is temporarily blocked to be relinquished for use by other services that can start independently of the blocked service.
Automatic service restart after failure. Works in conjunction with the Solaris Fault Manager, allowing software recovery in the event of hardware faults (CPU, memory), admin error such as accidental kills, and software core dumps.
All these capabilities are made possible by treating Services as "first class objects". That is, they are more than just user-executed software to the OS. They can be defined to have special states that allow finer control and permit monitoring and probing for diagnosing software failures, rather than having the administrator or dedicated "restarter" modules kill and restart the service as before.
What are services?
Services are software objects that provide a set of capabilities to other software. For example, a webserver provides HTTP service to web browsers. Other services include NFS for sharing files on a network, DHCP for dynamic IP address assignment, and Secure Shell for remote logins. Even higher level functions can be services, such as specific databases for e-commerce, finance, manufacturing control, etc. Typically, services are automatically started at boot up, long-lived, have common states (e.g. running, not running), relationship & dependencies (Sendmail service depends on Naming service, which depends on Networking services), and are critical to the dedicated function of the server.
What it replaces
In versions of Solaris prior to Solaris 10, and in UNIX in general, services are configured in text files, with startup files in the /etc/rc.d/ directory trees, and configuration data in files such as /etc/inittab and /etc/inetd.conf. A typical system could have dozens of configuration files, and configuration could involve various methods, including editing shell scripts. With SMF, ther |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.703 | G.703 is a ITU-T standard originally written in 1972 but subsequently revised a number of times since. It defines a physical and electrical interface used for encoding voice or data over 75 ohm co-axial cable terminated in BNC or Type 43 connectors or 120 ohm twisted pair cables terminated in RJ48C jacks. The choice is carrier- and region-dependent.
G.703 defines digital carriers of various speeds such as T1 and E1. These are organised as part of a hierarchy of carriers defined in G.702.
A G.703 E1 link is typically, though not necessarily, framed using the G.704 standard which divides the data stream into time slots. Typically, each time slots represents an E0 (64kbit/s) voice channel encoded using pulse-code modulation (PCM). The PCM coding is defined in the G.711 standard. G.704 also includes a control timeslot slot and a signalling timeslot (CAS or CCS).
References
External links
G.703 at searchNetworking.com
G.703 at the Connectivity Knowledge Platform
G.703 on Network Encyclopedia
Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces REC-G.703/ at ITU.INT
ITU-T recommendations
ITU-T G Series Recommendations
Telecommunications-related introductions in 2016 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ResKnife | ResKnife is an open-source resource editor for the Apple Macintosh platform. It supports reading and writing resource maps to any fork (data, resource or otherwise) and has basic template-based and hexadecimal editing functionality. ResKnife can export resource data to flat files and supports third-party plug-in editors.
See also
ResEdit
External links
- (Source code and documentation)
ResKnife at CNet Downloads (PPC Binary Download)
ResKnife Lion Compile (OSX 10.7 (Lion) compatible version)
C++ software
Objective-C software
MacOS-only free software
Programming tools |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAF%20%28non-profit%20organization%29 | NAF is an industry-sponsored nonprofit with a national network of public-private partnerships that support career academies within traditional high schools. Each academy focuses on a theme that addresses the anticipated future needs of local industry and the community it serves in five major "college prep plus" fields of study that encourage and facilitate college preparation and technical training on career paths in finance, hospitality and tourism, information technology (IT), engineering, and health sciences. In 2019, the NFL awarded eight social justice organizations, including NAF, with a $2 million grant for "reduc[ing] barriers to opportunity."
The program is designed to build a work-ready future workforce by emphasizing STEM-related industry-specific curricula in the classroom and work-based learning experience, including summer internships. NAF has created career academies in 620 high schools in high-need communities in the continguous United States and its territories since 1980. In one high-profile example, it partnered with United Technologies in 2020, launching two $3 million engineering academies in high schools in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico. During the height of the pandemic in 2020, corporate partner Verizon created a virtual internship program to accommodate social distancing protocol for participants.
Numerous studies of the NAF model have concluded that "sustained, quality employer involvement in education is possible," and that their programming helps provide equitable opportunities for minority students in "low-socioeconomic and high-risk backgrounds." Other research also credits the work-study model with promoting successful equity and inclusion.
Program
Characterized as "schools within schools," NAF academies serve a small community of students who are "organized as a cohort over their four years of high school" Academy teachers are typically skilled in both academic and the technical knowledge of the field in which the academy is focused. They are provided support with NAF professional development, training and curricula that integrates "core subject area content, career-themed content or technical education under a specified theme" ... based on NAF's input, that of CTE (Career Technical Education) and the local labor markets. Teachers meet often to coordinate the curriculum, take care of administrative details and are involved outside the classroom with local businesses and sponsors "to make learning relevant with real-world career support to build strong connections between school and work." The academies are typically run and taught by the same teachers for a number of semesters.
Summer internships of about six to eight weeks are a focal point of the academy programs, and usually pay the students for their work. During internships, the students spend some time training, often report to a school staff supervisor and sometimes have a workplace mentor. Seniors in the program combine work-based learning with correspondin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KJZZ-TV | KJZZ-TV (channel 14) is an independent television station in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. It is owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group alongside CBS affiliate KUTV (channel 2) and MyNetworkTV affiliate KMYU (channel 12) in St. George. The stations share studios on South Main Street in downtown Salt Lake City, while KJZZ-TV's transmitter is located on Farnsworth Peak in the Oquirrh Mountains, southwest of Salt Lake City. KJZZ-TV is the ATSC 3.0 (Next Gen TV) host station for the Salt Lake City market; in turn, other stations broadcast its subchannels on its behalf.
The station went on the air as KXIV in 1989. It functioned as the second independent station for the Salt Lake City area. In 1993, Larry H. Miller, the then-owner of the Utah Jazz of the NBA, purchased the station and renamed it KJZZ-TV; it also became the new TV home of the basketball team for 16 seasons. During Miller's ownership, the station affiliated for five years with UPN, with the station's decision not to renew leading to accusations of racism against management; in the latter years, operations and programming were outsourced in turn to two other Salt Lake stations. Sinclair purchased KJZZ-TV from the Miller family in 2016. The station airs syndicated programming and local newscasts from KUTV.
In 2023, pre-season and regular season Jazz games will return to the station under a new rights agreement between current Jazz owner Ryan Smith and Sinclair.
History
"Real TV"
An original construction permit was granted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on December 6, 1984, to American Television of Utah, Inc., a subsidiary of Salt Lake City-based American Stores Company, for a full-power television station on UHF channel 14 to serve Salt Lake City and the surrounding area. American Stores had filed for the construction permit in 1979; its original intention for the station was to broadcast subscription television programming, as it would eventually do on a microwave distribution system known as American Home Theatre. In 1981, Skaggs Telecommunications Services, a division of American Stores, had built a studio facility to house its various divisions, including the planned television station. The construction permit took the call letters KAHT.
By the time the construction permit was awarded, however, STV had fallen out of favor. Instead, in late 1986, American reached a deal with the Grant Broadcasting System, which had started new independent television stations in Chicago, Miami, and Philadelphia, to form a joint venture which would run channel 14. The construction permit took the call letters KGBS in November 1986, the same month that the general manager of the Miami station mentioned the agreement in an interview with The Miami News. Grant, however, was headed for its own problems, filing not long after for bankruptcy reorganization. The joint venture never came to fruition; channel 14 was renamed again on February 29, 1988, to KXIV (representing the Roman numeral |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promodal%20Transportes%20A%C3%A9reos | Promodal Transportes Aéreos was a short-lived cargo airline based in São Paulo, Brazil.
Code data
ICAO Code: GPT
Callsign: Promodal
History
The airline was established in 2003 and was wholly owned by Grupo GPT. Operations ceased in 2004, and the company was subsequently dissolved.
Fleet
The Promodal fleet consisted of one McDonnell Douglas DC-8 aircraft (as of January 2005).
See also
List of defunct airlines of Brazil
References
Defunct airlines of Brazil
Airlines established in 2003
Airlines disestablished in 2004 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RKE | RKE may refer to:
Remote keyless entry system, to unlock a car
Rank Kellner Eyepiece
Roskilde Airport, Copenhagen, Denmark
Rancher Labs Kubernetes Engine, software used in cloud computing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver%20Frey | Oliver Frey (; 30 June 1948 – 21 August 2022) was a Swiss artist, who was based in the United Kingdom. He was known for his book and magazine illustrations, especially for British computer magazines of the 1980s. Under the pen name Zack, he became known for his erotic illustrations and erotic comics in British gay male porn magazines of the 1970s and 1980s.
Early life
Frey was born in Zürich, Switzerland, on 30 June 1948. He grew up fluent in Italian and German. His family moved to Britain in 1956 but subsequently returned to Switzerland. During his high school years in Switzerland, Frey enrolled in the American Famous Artists School correspondence course.
Career
After spending six months in the Swiss army and dropping out of Berne University, Frey moved back to Britain and started a two-year course at the London Film School, during which he supported himself with freelance work, including illustrating War Picture Library comic books. As a child Frey had loved The Eagle comics magazine, and as an adult worked on the 1980s revival, drawing the strip Dan Dare. Also during the 1970s, he illustrated for IPC Media's Look and Learn magazine, including the strip The Trigan Empire. He was commissioned to create 1930s-era comic book art for the pre-title sequence of the 1978 movie Superman.
Through the late 1970s and the 1980s Frey was a prolific creator of gay erotic art, usually published under the pen name Zack. These included a comics series featuring a big, muscular bad-boy hero named "Rogue" for HIM Magazine, a monthly gay male pornography publication which he and his partner Roger Kean owned, along with related titles. He also produced, edited, and illustrated several issues of Man-to-Man Magazine. Frey illustrated twelve of the HIM Libraries, the first two written by Kean, the remainder by various authors who submitted manuscripts. The company was raided by the police in 1981, and all of its stock was destroyed under then-current laws. His gay pornographic work was also featured on front covers and in volumes of the Meatmen series of gay erotic comics. Russell T. Davies, writer of the British television series Queer as Folk, praised Frey's serial "The Street" as an important influence on his ground-breaking gay TV drama.
When Roger Kean and Frey's brother Franco founded the computer magazine CRASH in 1983, Oliver Frey became the magazine's illustrator. He went on to illustrate for CRASHs sister magazines Zzap!64, Amtix, and The Games Machine. He illustrated the comic strip "Terminal Man", written by Kelvin Gosnell, which was serialised in both CRASH and Zzap!64 in 1984, and published as a complete story in a large format book in 1988.
During the late 90s, Frey worked as publishing director for Thalamus Publishing in Shropshire, which specialised in illustrated historical reference titles. Thalamus Publishing went into receivership in August 2009. Frey and Kean formed Reckless Books in Ludlow, specialising in young adult action-adventure, hi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KSTU | KSTU (channel 13) is a television station in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is owned by the E. W. Scripps Company alongside Provo-licensed independent station KUPX-TV (channel 16). KSTU's studios are located on West Amelia Earhart Drive in the northwestern section of Salt Lake City, and its transmitter is located on Farnsworth Peak in the Oquirrh Mountains, southwest of Salt Lake City. More than 80 dependent translators carry its signal throughout Utah and portions of neighboring states.
KSTU went on the air in 1978 as the third attempt at an independent station in the Salt Lake City market, and the first to last longer than two years. Broadcasting on channel 20, it was also the first commercial UHF outlet in the state. It was built by and named for Springfield Television, the Massachusetts-based firm that owned it. KSTU was sold to Adams Communications in 1984 and affiliated with Fox at its launch in 1986.
While KSTU was starting on channel 20, a decade-long proceeding began to assign VHF channel 13, which had been made available in Salt Lake City in 1980. Eight applicants submitted bids; Mountain West Television, a consortium of mostly local partners, emerged with the construction permit after buying out its competitors' interests. In what the partners later described as coerced action coordinated by their legal counsel and financial backers, the company bought the KSTU intellectual unit and moved it to channel 13 in November 1987 instead of building and staffing its own station.
Between 1989 and 2007, KSTU was a Fox owned and operated station. In 1991, the station began producing local newscasts, which Fox and subsequent owners would use as the foundation for a large emphasis on news. After Fox spun off its smaller owned-and-operated stations in 2007, KSTU has been owned in succession by Local TV LLC, Tribune Media, and Scripps.
History
Channel 20 was allocated to Salt Lake City in 1952, but there was no interest in the channel until a 1967 application was made by the Great Desert Broadcasting Company, which was never granted. There had, however, been two attempts to operate independent stations on the VHF band in the late 1950s and early 1960s. KLOR-TV signed on in 1958 from Provo. However, poor transmitter site selection hindered reception for many viewers in the Wasatch Front whose antennas were aimed at the Oquirrh Mountains. It signed off in 1960, having been placed in bankruptcy, and the license was sold to Brigham Young University for reactivation as KBYU-TV. At the other end of the Wasatch Front, in Ogden, KVOG-TV began on channel 9 in 1960 but was sold to the Ogden city school board in 1962 and converted to educational use as KOET, which ceased broadcasting in 1973. During KOET's life, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) blocked an attempt by the school board to sell the station back to a buyer to be reverted to commercial use because of the effects such a reclassification would ha |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20routing%20and%20forwarding | In IP-based computer networks, virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) is a technology that allows multiple instances of a routing table to co-exist within the same router at the same time. One or more logical or physical interfaces may have a VRF and these VRFs do not share routes. Therefore, the packets are only forwarded between interfaces on the same VRF. VRFs are the TCP/IP layer 3 equivalent of a VLAN. Because the routing instances are independent, the same or overlapping IP addresses can be used without conflicting with each other. Network functionality is improved because network paths can be segmented without requiring multiple routers.
Simple implementation
The simplest form of VRF implementation is VRF-Lite. In this implementation, each router within the network participates in the virtual routing environment in a peer-based fashion. While simple to deploy and appropriate for small to medium enterprises and shared data centers, VRF Lite does not scale to the size required by global enterprises or large carriers, as there is the need to implement each VRF instance on every router, including intermediate routers. VRFs were initially introduced in combination with Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), but VRF proved to be so useful that it eventually evolved to live independent of MPLS. This is the historical explanation of the term VRF Lite: usage of VRFs without MPLS.
Full implementation
The scaling limitations of VRF Lite are resolved by the implementation of IP VPNs. In this implementation, a core backbone network is responsible for the transmission of data across the wide area between VRF instances at each edge location. IP VPNs have been traditionally deployed by carriers to provide a shared wide-area backbone network for multiple customers. They are also appropriate in the large enterprise, multi-tenant and shared data center environments.
In a typical deployment, customer edge (CE) routers handle local routing in a traditional fashion and disseminate routing information into the provider edge (PE) where the routing tables are virtualized. The PE router then encapsulates the traffic, marks it to identify the VRF instance, and transmits it across the provider backbone network to the destination PE router. The destination PE router then decapsulates the traffic and forwards it to the CE router at the destination. The backbone network is completely transparent to the customer equipment, allowing multiple customers or user communities to use the common backbone network while maintaining end-to-end traffic separation.
Routes across the provider backbone network are maintained using an interior gateway protocol – typically iBGP. IBGP uses extended community attributes in a common routing table to differentiate the customers' routes with overlapping IP addresses.
IP VPN is most commonly deployed across an MPLS backbone as the inherent labeling of packets in MPLS lends itself to the identification of the customer VRF. Some IP VPN imp |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%20It%27s%20Come%20to%20This%3A%20A%20Simpsons%20Clip%20Show | "So It's Come to This: A Simpsons Clip Show" is the eighteenth episode of the fourth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April Fools' Day, 1993. In the episode, Homer plays a series of practical jokes on Bart, and to get even, Bart shakes up a can of Homer's beer with a paint shaker. Homer opens the can, resulting in a huge explosion that lands him in the hospital, where he goes into a coma. At Homer's bedside, the Simpson family reminisce, mainly about moments relevant to Homer's life.
The episode was written by Jon Vitti, and directed by Carlos Baeza. This is The Simpsons first clip show, and it features clips from the first three seasons of the series. It was created to relieve the long hours put in by all of the show's overworked staff. The episode features cultural references to films such as One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Raiders of the Lost Ark, and Fantastic Voyage.
The episode received positive reviews from critics. It was called "as good as a clip show ever gets" and acquired a Nielsen rating of 14.9.
Plot
On April Fools' Day, Homer plays multiple pranks on Bart, including blinding Bart with tape over his eyes and spoiling a milk carton by placing it near the radiator. Angered by the numerous tricks he has fallen for, Bart decides to get revenge. He shakes up a Duff beer can (using a paint shaker at a hardware store) and turns up the thermostat in the house, causing Homer to sweat and go to the fridge for the booby-trapped beer. When Homer opens the beer, its massive explosion puts him in the hospital, paralyzed and placed in a wheelchair. While everyone waits for Homer to get well, the family remembers surviving similar hardships, shown in the form of clips from past episodes.
At the hospital, Homer sees a candy machine and, trying to get chocolate, accidentally tips it on himself. The machine crushes him and puts him in a coma. Mr. Burns then tries to pull the plug on Homer's life support system, to save paying for his health insurance. As Homer lies unconscious in the hospital bed, Bart tearfully confesses that he was the one who put him in the hospital with his shaken beer can prank. Hearing this, Homer comes out of the coma and strangles Bart. Marge and the others are happy, seeing Homer behaving normally again. The episode ends with Homer, still under the assumption that it is April Fools' Day, trying to fool the family by saying he is taking them to Hawaii. However, Bart, Lisa, and Marge tell Homer that the current date is May 16, that Homer was in a coma for 7 weeks, and that he lost 5% of his brain as a result. The family laughs it off, although Homer is not sure why he is laughing.
Production
The episode originally aired on April Fools' Day, 1993 on the Fox network. It was directed by Carlos Baeza, and written by Jon Vitti with contributions from Al Jean, Mike Reiss, Jay Kogen, Wallace Wolodarsky, John Swartzwelder, Jeff Martin, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis%20of%20Functional%20NeuroImages | Analysis of Functional NeuroImages (AFNI) is an open-source environment for processing and displaying functional MRI data—a technique for mapping human brain activity.
AFNI is an agglomeration of programs that can be used interactively or flexibly assembled for batch processing using shell script. The term AFNI refers both to the entire suite and to a particular interactive program often used for visualization. AFNI is actively developed by the NIMH Scientific and Statistical Computing Core and its capabilities are continually expanding.
AFNI runs under many Unix-like operating systems that provide X11 and Motif libraries, including IRIX, Solaris, Linux, FreeBSD and OS X. Precompiled binaries are available for some platforms. AFNI is available for research use under the GNU General Public License, the included SVM-light component is non-commercial and non-distributable. AFNI now comprises over 300,000 lines of C source code, and a skilled C programmer can add interactive and batch functions to AFNI with relative ease.
History and development
AFNI was originally developed at the Medical College of Wisconsin beginning in 1994, largely by Robert W. Cox. Cox brought development to the NIH in 2001 and development continues at the NIMH Scientific and Statistical Computing Core. In a 1995 paper describing the rationale for development of the software, Cox wrote of fMRI data: "The volume of data gathered is very large, and it is essential that easy-to-use tools for visualization and analysis of 3D activation maps be available for neuroscience investigators." Since then, AFNI has become one of the more commonly used analysis tools in fMRI research, alongside SPM and FSL.
Although AFNI initially required extensive shell scripting to execute tasks, pre-made batch scripts and improvements to the graphical user interface (GUI) have since made it possible to generate analyses with less user scripting.
Features
Visualization
One of AFNI's initial offerings improved the approach to transforming scans of individual brains onto a shared standardized space. Since each person's individual brain is unique in size and shape, comparing across a number of brains requires warping (rotating, scaling, etc.) individual brains into a standard shape. Unfortunately, functional MRI data at the time of AFNI's development was too low resolution for effective transformations. Instead, researchers use the higher resolution anatomical brain scans, often acquired at the beginning of an imaging session.
AFNI allows researchers to overlay a functional image to the anatomical, providing tools for aligning the two into the same space. Processes engaged to warp an individual anatomical scan to standard space are then applied also to the functional scan, improving the transformation process.
Another feature available in AFNI is the SUMA tool, developed by Ziad Saad. This tool allows users to project the 2D data onto a 3D cortical surface map. In this way researchers can |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MONIAC | The MONIAC (Monetary National Income Analogue Computer), also the Phillips Hydraulic Computer and the Financephalograph, was created in 1949 by the New Zealand economist Bill Phillips to model the national economic processes of the United Kingdom, while Phillips was a student at the London School of Economics (LSE). The MONIAC is an analogue computer which used fluidic logic to model the workings of an economy. The MONIAC name is suggested by associating money and ENIAC, an early electronic digital computer.
Description
The MONIAC is approximately 2 m high, 1.2 m wide and almost 1 m deep, and consisted of a series of transparent plastic tanks and pipes which were fastened to a wooden board. Each tank represented some aspect of the UK national economy and the flow of money around the economy was illustrated by coloured water. At the top of the board was a large tank called the treasury. Water (representing money) flowed from the treasury to other tanks representing the various ways in which a country could spend its money. For example, there were tanks for health and education. To increase spending on health care a tap could be opened to drain water from the treasury to the tank which represented health spending. Water then ran further down the model to other tanks, representing other interactions in the economy. Water could be pumped back to the treasury from some of the tanks to represent taxation. Changes in tax rates were modeled by increasing or decreasing pumping speeds.
Savings reduce the funds available to consumers and investment income increases those funds. The MONIAC showed it by draining water (savings) from the expenditure stream and by injecting water (investment income) into that stream. When the savings flow exceeds the investment flow, the level of water in the savings and investment tank (the surplus-balances tank) would rise to reflect the accumulated balance. When the investment flow exceeds the savings flow for any length of time, the surplus-balances tank would run dry. Import and export were represented by water draining from the model and by additional water being poured into the model.
The flow of the water was automatically controlled through a series of floats, counterweights, electrodes, and cords. When the level of water reached a certain level in a tank, pumps and drains would be activated. To their surprise, Phillips and his associate Walter Newlyn found that MONIAC could be calibrated to an accuracy of 2%.
The flow of water between the tanks was determined by economic principles and the settings for various parameters. Different economic parameters, such as tax rates and investment rates, could be entered by setting the valves which controlled the flow of water about the computer. Users could experiment with different settings and note their effects. The MONIAC's ability to model the subtle interaction of a number of variables made it a powerful tool for its time.
When a set of parameters resulted in a viable |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotaku | Kotaku is a video game website and blog that was originally launched in 2004 as part of the Gawker Media network. Notable former contributors to the site include Luke Smith, Cecilia D'Anastasio, Tim Rogers, and Jason Schreier.
History
Kotaku was first launched in October 2004 with Matthew Gallant as its lead writer, with an intended target audience of young men. About a month later, Brian Crecente was brought in to try to save the failing site. Since then, the site has launched several country-specific sites for Australia, Japan, Brazil and the UK. Crecente was named one of the 20 most influential people in the video game industry over the past 20 years by GamePro in 2009 and one of gaming's Top 50 journalists by Edge in 2006. The site has made CNET's "Blog 100" list and was ranked 50th on PC Magazines "Top 100 Classic Web Sites" list. Its name comes from the Japanese otaku (obsessive fan) and the prefix "ko-" (small in size).
In 2009, Business Insider reported that Hearst Corporation sought to buy Kotaku from Gawker Media.
Stephen Totilo replaced Brian Crecente as the editor in chief in 2012. Totilo had previously joined Kotaku in 2009 as deputy editor.
In April 2014, Gawker Media partnered with Future plc to launch Kotaku UK, and with Allure Media to launch Kotaku Australia.
Kotaku was one of several websites that was purchased by Univision Communications in their acquisition of Gawker Media in August 2016; Gizmodo Media Group was subsequently founded to house the Gawker acquisitions, operating under the Fusion Media Group, a division of Univision. The Gizmodo Media Group was later acquired by the private equity firm Great Hill Partners in April 2019, and renamed G/O Media.
In December 2018 Pedestrian Group, owned by the Australian media company Nine Entertainment, acquired Kotaku Australia. and continues to own it.
The transition to G/O Media led to several departures from the site, as well as from other sister sites under the former Gawker Media label due to conflicts with G/O Media's management. Cecilia D'Anastasio left Kotaku in December 2019 to become a journalist for Wired. Joshua Rivera and Gita Jackson left in January 2020 stating it was impossible to work with the new management. Jason Schreier, one of Kotakus writers since 2012 known for his investigative in-depth coverage of working conditions at various studios and development histories for various video games, announced his departure from the site on April 16, 2020, citing the issues surrounding G/O Media which filtered into disruptions at their sister website Deadspin around October 2019. Schreier subsequently took a position at Bloomberg News. In May 2020, senior writer Harper Jay MacIntyre departed from Kotaku, similarly citing conflicts with management, and joined Double Fine Productions as their content and community manager.
Kotaku UK closed on September 9, 2020.
Totilo announced he was departing as editor in chief on February 5, 2021, though will remain in games |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20music | Open music is music that is shareable, available in "source code" form, allows derivative works and is free of cost for non-commercial use. It is the concept of "open source" computer software applied to music. However, the non-commercial stipulation associated with Open Music is incompatible with the first section of the Open Source Definition as well as the first freedom put forth in The Free Software Definition (freedom 0). Open Music is one of the general responses to the RIAA's and governmental actions against the music industry and its consumers.
"Open music" can be considered a subset of "free music" (referring to freedom). The differences of philosophy between advocates of "open source software" and "free software" have not surfaced in the community of musicians contributing music to the copyleft commons. This may be due to the relatively recent emergence of copyleft music, as well as to the fact that software development generally involves much more collaboration and derivatization than does music production. It is not clear that open collaboration using copyleft licenses provides any significant advantages in music production, as open source advocates commonly argue is the case for software development.
Several websites have surfaced to provide musicians with the platform and tools necessary for online music collaboration. Most of these sites promote one or more of the Creative Commons licenses, allowing derivative works and sharing of the finished songs. Early implementations of these collaboration sites relied on threaded discussion forum software and FTP to provide a means for musicians to initiate and discuss projects, and to share multi-track files. More recent and modern sites provide robust project-management features, automatic encoding and compression, online playback streaming, web-based upload and download options, chat, and project-based discussion forums.
There are plenty of artists that use Creative Commons Licenses. One of the most open licences is "Creative Commons Attribution" License.
See also
Free music
IMSLP
List of musical works released in a stem format
Mutopia
Open Music Model
Podsafe
Royalty free music
Splice (platform)
References
Open content
Free music
de:Freie Musik |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20General%20Eclipse | The Data General Eclipse line of computers by Data General were 16-bit minicomputers released in early 1974 and sold until 1988. The Eclipse was based on many of the same concepts as the Data General Nova, but included support for virtual memory and multitasking more suitable to the small office than the lab. It was also packaged differently for this reason, in a floor-standing case the size of a small refrigerator. The Eclipse series was supplanted by the 32-bit Data General Eclipse MV/8000 in 1980.
Description
The Data General Nova was intended to outperform the PDP-8 while being less expensive, and in a similar fashion, the Eclipse was meant to compete against the larger PDP-11 computers. It kept the simple register architecture of the Nova but added a stack pointer which the Nova lacked. The stack pointer was added back to the later Nova 3 machines in 1975 and also used on the later 32-bit Data General Eclipse MV/8000. The AOS operating system was quite sophisticated, advanced compared to the PDP-11 offerings, with access control lists (ACLs) for file protection.
Production problems with the Eclipse led to a rash of lawsuits in the late 1970s, after new versions of the machine were pre-ordered by many DG customers and then never arrived. After over a year of waiting, some decided to sue the company, while others simply cancelled their orders and went elsewhere. It appeared that the Eclipse was originally intended to replace the Nova outright, also evidenced by the fact that the Nova 3 series released at the same time was phased out the next year. However, strong continuing demand resulted in the Nova 4, perhaps as a result of the continuing problems with the Eclipse.
Facts
The original Cray-1 system used an Eclipse to act as a Maintenance and Control Unit (MCU). It was configured with two Ampex CRTs, an 80 MB Ampex disk drive, a thermal printer, and a 9-track tape drive. Its primary purpose was to download an image of either the Cray Operating System or customer engineering diagnostics at boot time. Once booted, it acted as a status and control console via RDOS station software.
References
Minicomputers
Eclipse
16-bit computers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICO%20%28file%20format%29 | The ICO file format is an image file format for computer icons in Microsoft Windows. ICO files contain one or more small images at multiple sizes and color depths, such that they may be scaled appropriately. In Windows, all executables that display an icon to the user, on the desktop, in the Start Menu, or in file Explorer, must carry the icon in ICO format.
The CUR file format is an almost identical image file format for non-animated cursors in Microsoft Windows. The only differences between these two file formats are the bytes used to identify them and the addition of a hotspot in the CUR format header; the hotspot is defined as the pixel offset (in x,y coordinates) from the top-left corner of the cursor image where the user is actually pointing the mouse.
The ANI file format is used for animated Windows cursors.
History
Icons introduced in Windows 1.0 were 32×32 pixels in size and were monochrome. Support for 16 colors was introduced in Windows 3.0.
Win32 introduced support for storing icon images of up to 16.7 million colors (TrueColor) and up to 256×256 pixels in dimensions. Windows 95 also introduced a new Device Independent Bitmap (DIB) engine. However, 256 color was the default icon color depth in Windows 95. It was possible to enable 65535 color (Highcolor) icons by either modifying the Shell Icon BPP value in the registry or by purchasing Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95. The Shell Icon Size value allows using larger icons in place of 32×32 icons and the Shell Small Icon Size value allows using custom sizes in place of 16×16 icons. Thus, a single icon file could store images of any size from 1×1 pixel up to 256×256 pixels (including non-square sizes) with 2 (rarely used), 16, 256, 65535, or 16.7 million colors; but the shell could not display very large sized icons. The notification area of the Windows taskbar was limited to 16 color icons by default until Windows Me when it was updated to support high color icons.
Windows XP added support for 32-bit color (16.7 million colors plus 8-bit alpha channel transparency) icon images, thus allowing semitransparent areas like shadows, anti-aliasing, and glass-like effects to be drawn in an icon. Windows XP, by default, employs 48×48 pixel icons in Windows Explorer. Windows XP can be forced to use icons as large as 256×256 by modifying the Shell icon size value but this would cause all 32×32 icons throughout the shell to be upscaled. Microsoft only recommended icon sizes up to 48×48 pixels for Windows XP. Windows XP can downscale larger icons if no closer image size is available.
Windows Vista added full support for 256×256-pixel 32-bit color icons, as well as support for the compressed PNG format. Although compression is not required, Microsoft recommends that all 32-bit color 256×256 icons in ICO files should be stored in PNG format to reduce the overall size of the file. The Windows Vista Explorer supports smoothly scaling icons to non-standard sizes which are rendered on the fly even if |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect%20Hair%20Forever | Perfect Hair Forever is an American adult animated television series created by Mike Lazzo, Matt Harrigan, and Matt Maiellaro for Cartoon Network's late night programming block Adult Swim. The series revolves around a young boy named Gerald Bald Z and his quest to find perfect hair.
Perfect Hair Forever premiered on November 7, 2004, and ended on April 1, 2007, with a total of 7 episodes. Two additional episodes premiered unannounced on April 1, 2014, as part of Adult Swim's annual April Fools' Day stunt. The series is a spin-off of Space Ghost Coast to Coast.
Premise
The series concerns a young boy named Gerald who is on a quest to find the perfect hair to remedy his premature baldness. He is joined on his wanderings by an array of strange companions. Gerald is opposed by the evil Coiffio and his minions for reasons which are never stated in the series.
The series is a spin-off of Space Ghost Coast to Coast, due to a special featuring Space Ghost, Adult Swim Brain Trust, coming on right after the premiere of the series to help tie it together.
Space Ghost appears in every episode, either as a character with an actual role, or in the background.
Production
Perfect Hair Forever employs an ongoing serial format, a style that had been uncommon to previous Williams Street projects with their lack of emphasis on continuity. Each episode of the series features different opening sequence music and visuals. The style and music of the end credits also varies from episode to episode.
Following the first six episodes, members of the Perfect Hair Forever creative team posted (on the official Adult Swim message board) that they weren't interested in continuing the show to a second season. Cancellation was formally announced at the Adult Swim panel at Comic-Con 2006.
In October 2006, Adultswim.com stated that Perfect Hair Forever was back in production with 16 episodes to be aired on its online streaming network The Fix, though after episode seven aired, the series was never continued.
Episode 7 aired April 1, 2007, as part of Adult Swim's annual April Fool's Day joke, and was also available on Adult Swim's The Fix website.
In 2007, the Japanese noise rock band Melt-Banana recorded the song "Hair-Cat (Cause the Wolf Is a Cat!)" for Perfect Hair Forever.
Broadcast history
The Perfect Hair Forever pilot first aired on November 7, 2004, in the time slot that had been advertised as the premiere of the Squidbillies pilot. Unknown to the audience at the time, the existing Squidbillies pilot had fallen behind and wasn't ready to air. Williams Street continued advertising the Squidbillies premiere up to and including the bump directly preceding the show, which talked about wanting to make the show "perfect" for you and your "hair" "forever", revealing the title "Perfect Hair Forever." The night's confusion continued when, instead of seeing the opening titles for Squidbillies, viewers were confronted with a title card for an episode of Space Ghost called "Pe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20S.%20Miller | David Stephen Miller (born November 26, 1974) is an American software developer working on the Linux kernel, where he is the primary maintainer of the networking subsystem and individual networking drivers, the SPARC implementation, and the IDE subsystem. With other people, he co-maintains the crypto API, KProbes, IPsec, and is also involved in other development work.
He is also a founding member of the GNU Compiler Collection steering committee.
Work
As of January 2022, Miller is #1 in "non-author signoff" patches, which are Linux kernel modifications reviewed by the subsystem maintainer who ultimately applies them. He's been in the top gatekeepers for years since kernel 2.6.22 in 2007.
He worked at the Rutgers University Center for Advanced Information Processing, at Cobalt Microserver, and then Red Hat since 1999.
SPARC porting
Miller ported the Linux kernel to the Sun Microsystems SPARC in 1996 with Miguel de Icaza. He has also ported Linux to the 64-bit UltraSPARC machines, including UltraSPARC T1 in early 2006 and later the T2 and T2+. he continues to maintain the sparc port (both 32-bit and 64-bit).
In April 2008, Miller contributed the SPARC port of gold, a from-scratch rewrite of the GNU linker.
Linux networking
Miller is one of the maintainers of the Linux TCP/IP stack and has been key in improving its performance in high load environments. He also wrote and/or contributed to numerous network card drivers in the Linux kernel.
eBPF
Miller is currently working on Linux's dynamic tracing technology, called eBPF.
Speeches
David delivered the keynote at netdev 0.1 on February 16, 2015, in Ottawa.
He also delivered the keynote at Ottawa Linux Symposium in 2000, and another keynote at Linux.conf.au in Dunedin in January 2006.
He gave a talk on "Multiqueue Networking Developments in the Linux Kernel" at the July 2009 meeting of the New York Linux Users Group.
References
External links
David S. Miller's Linux Networking Homepage
David Miller's old blog
David Miller Google+ page
People from Seattle
Linux kernel programmers
American computer programmers
1974 births
Living people
Red Hat employees |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silly%20window%20syndrome | Silly window syndrome (SWS) is a problem in computer networking caused by poorly implemented TCP flow control. A serious problem can arise in the sliding window operation when the sending application program creates data slowly, the receiving application program consumes data slowly, or both. If a server with this problem is unable to process all incoming data, it requests that its clients reduce the amount of data they send at a time (the window setting on a TCP packet). If the server continues to be unable to process all incoming data, the window becomes smaller and smaller, sometimes to the point that the data transmitted is smaller than the packet header, making data transmission extremely inefficient. The name of this problem is due to the window size shrinking to a "silly" value.
Since there is a certain amount of overhead associated with processing each packet, the increased number of packets means increased overhead to process a decreasing amount of data. The end result is thrashing.
Solution
When there is no synchronization between the sender and receiver regarding capacity of the flow of data or the size of the packet, the window syndrome problem is created. When the silly window syndrome is created by the sender, Nagle's algorithm is used. Nagle's solution requires that the sender send the first segment even if it is a small one, then that it wait until an ACK is received or a maximum sized segment (MSS) is accumulated.
When the silly window syndrome is created by the receiver, David D Clark's solution is used. Clark's solution closes the window until another segment of maximum segment size (MSS) can be received or the buffer is half empty.
There are 3 causes of SWS:
When the server announces Empty space as 0
When client is able to generate only 1 byte at a time
When server is able to consume only 1 byte at a time
During SWS, efficiency of communication is almost 0, so SWS duration should be short as possible.
Send-side silly window avoidance
A heuristic method where the send TCP must allow the sending application to make "write" calls, and collect the data transferred in each call before transmitting it into a large segment. The sending TCP delays sending segments until it can accumulate reasonable amounts of data, which is known as clumping.
Receive-side silly window avoidance
A heuristic method that a receiver uses to maintain an internal record of the available window, and delay advertising an increase in window size to the sender until it can advance a significant amount. This amount depends on the receiver's buffer size and maximum segment size. By using this method, it prevents small window advertisements where received applications extract data octets slowly.
References
External links
Explanation of the silly window syndrome
Recommended sender- and client-side solutions to silly window syndrome
Transmission Control Protocol |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20Applied%20Communication%20Laboratory | Network Applied Communication Laboratory Ltd. is an open source systems integrator located in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. It is specialized in systems consulting and the development of web sites and open source software. It is one of the employers of Yukihiro Matsumoto, who is the creator of the Ruby programming language. It is known more commonly by the acronym "NaCl".
External links
Official website
Free software companies
Technology companies of Japan
Ruby (programming language)
Software companies of Japan
Companies based in Shimane Prefecture |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keisei%20Main%20Line | The is a railway line of Japanese private railway company Keisei Electric Railway connecting Tokyo and Narita, Japan. It is the main line of Keisei's railway network.
Built as an interurban between Tokyo and Narita in the early 20th century, the line has been serving as a main access route to Narita International Airport since 1978. It also serves major cities along the line such as Funabashi, Narashino, and Sakura.
In 2010, the Narita Sky Access opened as a bypass of the line, reducing the role of the main line in the airport access.
Service patterns
S = Skyliner
The airport access train connecting and runs on the Main Line between Keisei Ueno and . Between Keisei Takasago and Narita Airport Terminal 1, it runs on the Narita Sky Access Line. Runs the entire length of the route in 44 minutes (36 minutes from Nippori to Narita Airport Terminal 2·3).
Cityliner (unscheduled)
From Keisei Ueno to . Trains call at Nippori, Aoto, Keisei Funabashi, and Keisei Narita.
M = Morningliner
Runs only in the morning from Narita Airport Terminal 1 and Keisei Narita to Keisei Ueno.
E = Eveningliner
Runs only in the evening from Keisei Ueno to Keisei Narita and Narita Airport Terminal 1.
L =
Non-charged. Runs from Keisei Ueno or Oshiage Line to Narita Airport Terminal 1. Runs during morning and evening times only. Runs from Keisei Ueno or Oshiage Line to Hokusō, Narita Airport Terminal 1 or Shibayama Chiyoda.
A =
Non-charged. Runs from Keisei Ueno or Oshiage Line to Narita Airport Terminal 1, via the Narita Sky Access Line between Keisei Takasago and Narita Airport Terminal 1.
L =
Non-charged. Runs only from the late morning to the early evening. Runs from Keisei Ueno or Oshiage Line to Hokusō, Narita Airport Terminal 1 or Shibayama Chiyoda.
C =
Runs from Keisei Ueno or Oshiage Line to Narita Airport Terminal 1 or Shibayama Chiyoda. Runs only in the morning and evenings.
R =
Runs from Keisei Ueno or Oshiage Line to Narita Airport Terminal 1 or Shibayama Chiyoda.
Sometimes called .
Stations
Legend
● : All trains stop
│ : All trains pass
◇ : Some limited express trains stop when horse racing is held in Nakayama Racecourse.
▲ : Some Skyliner trains stop.
Notes
Local trains stop at every station.
History
All sections opened as electrified dual track unless noted otherwise. The initial section opened between Takasago and Edogawa as gauge in 1912, and the line was progressively extended in both directions, reaching Narita in 1930 and Ueno in 1933.
In 1959, the line was regauged to . In 1978, it was extended to Narita Airport (now Higashi-Narita). The single track extension to Terminal 1 was opened in 1992.
Former connecting lines
Funabashi-Keibajō Station: A 1 km gauge line electrified at 600 V DC opened to the Yatsu amusement park in 1927, with the voltage being raised to 1,200 V DC the following year. The line closed in 1934.
See also
List of railway lines in Japan
Home Liner
References
This article incorporates mat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Ctemachi%20Station%20%28Tokyo%29 | is a subway station in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan, jointly operated by Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway. It is served by five lines, more than any other station on the Tokyo underground network, and is thus the biggest subway station in Tokyo. It is Tokyo Metro's second busiest station after Ikebukuro.
Ōtemachi Station is within walking distance (either at street level or via underground passages) of Tokyo Station.
Lines
Station layout
Tokyo Metro
Toei
History
The station opened on July 20, 1956 as a station on the Marunouchi Line. The Tōzai Line platforms opened on October 1, 1966 as a terminus of the line from Nakano, becoming through platforms on September 14, 1967. The Chiyoda Line platforms opened on December 20, 1969 as the terminus of the line from Kita-Senju; they became through platforms on March 20, 1971. The Mita Line platforms opened on June 30, 1972, and the Hanzōmon Line platforms on January 26, 1989.
With the exception of the Mita Line, the station facilities of the remaining lines were inherited by Tokyo Metro after the privatization of the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA) in 2004.
Surrounding area
Tokyo Imperial Palace
References
External links
Otemachi Station information (Tokyo Metro)
Otemachi Station information (Toei)
Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line
Tokyo Metro Tozai Line
Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line
Tokyo Metro Hanzomon Line
Toei Mita Line
Marunouchi
Stations of Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation
Railway stations in Tokyo
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1956
Buildings and structures in Chiyoda, Tokyo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UC%3A%20Undercover | UC: Undercover is an American procedural drama television series created by Shane Salerno and Don Winslow. The series premiered on the NBC network on September 30, 2001. The series ran for one season of 13 episodes, finishing its run on March 23, 2002. It focused on the secret lives and private demons of an elite Justice Department crime-fighting unit that confronted the United States' deadliest, most untouchable lawbreakers by going undercover to bust them.
The screenplays were either solely written or co-written by Salerno. James Bond composer David Arnold wrote the main title theme and scored the pilot episode. Salerno said the show was a "very music driven series." UC: Undercover was a production of NBC Studios, in association with Jersey Television, Chasing Time Pictures, Regency Television, and 20th Century Fox Television. The series' short but popular run ended when it was canceled by the network. The show developed a passionate following overseas and continues to run on FX International.
Plot
The unit is headed by authoritative Frank Donovan (Oded Fehr), with undercover agents Jake Shaw (Jon Seda) and Alex Cross (Vera Farmiga), psychological profiler Monica Davis (Bruklin Harris), and young techno-wizard Cody (Jarrad Paul), who runs all of the high-tech surveillance operations.
As a federal team, the group responds to emergencies all over the country: taking down elite bank robbers, drug kingpins, domestic terrorists, spies, jewel thieves, and corrupt cops. The drama's character-driven storylines emphasize the taut, cat-and-mouse game played by the undercover agents as they attempt to infiltrate the lives of a gallery of criminals, including murderous master thief Jack "Sonny" Walker (William Forsythe) and imprisoned drug lord Carlos Cortez (Steven Bauer).
The series also explores the psychological toll undercover work takes on the agents who play this deadly game of false identities and who commit treachery as a daily profession for the greater good. The team often butts heads with Paul Bloom (Brian Markinson), their obstructive and fiercely ambitious Justice Department boss.
Cast
Main
Oded Fehr as Frank Donovan
Jon Seda as Jake Shaw
Vera Farmiga as Alex Cross
Bruklin Harris as Monica Davis
Jarrad Paul as Cody
William Forsythe as Sonny Walker
Recurring
Angie Everhart as Carly
Steven Bauer as Carlos Cortez
Ving Rhames as Quito Real
James Handy as Priest
Bill Mondy as Scott Charles
N'Bushe Wright as Keisha
Grant Show as John Keller
Brian Markinson as Paul Bloom
Gabrielle Miller as Vanessa
Episodes
Reception
Critical response
The New York Times called it a "fast paced, good-looking series," and Variety wrote that series lead Oded Fehr is a "commanding and interesting addition to television." Variety added that "technical credits are comparable to theatrical quality" which led the series winning awards for cinematography and sound. The show received a high 7.3 out of 10 from viewers on TV.com. USA Today Robert Bianc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier-sense%20multiple%20access%20with%20collision%20avoidance%20and%20resolution%20using%20priorities | In computer networking, carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance and resolution using priorities (CSMA/CARP) is a channel access method. CSMA/CARP is similar in nature to the carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) channel access method used in Ethernet networks, but CSMA/CARP provides no detection of network collisions. Instead of detecting network collisions, CSMA/CARP attempts to avoid collisions by using a system of transmission priorities.
When a station wants to transmit on a CSMA/CARP network it first listens for network traffic and if the medium is clear instead of immediately transmitting as a station would in CSMA/CD it waits a predefined amount of time. This waiting period is called the interframe spacing (IFS) and it varies by the type of data being transmitted. High priority data will transmit almost immediately whereas lower priority data such as polling will have a longer IFS. This system allows CSMA/CARP to avoid many collisions that would occur if it was not used. In addition to having a different IFS per priority, a station in a CSMA/CARP network will add a "random backoff" to its waiting period, to reduce the collision probability between stations that have to transmit packets in the same priority.
Applications
The IEEE 802.11 standard uses CSMA/CARP
The ITU-T G.hn standard, which provides high-speed local area networking over existing home wiring (power lines, phone lines and coaxial cables) includes support for CSMA/CARP, although only during certain periods of time called "Shared Transmission Opportunities" (STXOP). During the rest of the time, G.hn uses a time-division multiple access channel access method to ensure quality of service.
Channel access methods |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monmouthshire%20and%20Brecon%20Canal | The Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal () is a small network of canals in South Wales. For most of its currently (2018) navigable length it runs through the Brecon Beacons National Park, and its present rural character and tranquillity belies its original purpose as an industrial corridor for coal and iron, which were brought to the canal by a network of tramways and/or railroads, many of which were built and owned by the canal company.
The "Mon and Brec" was originally two independent canals – the Monmouthshire Canal from Newport to Pontymoile Basin (including the Crumlin Arm) and the Brecknock and Abergavenny Canal running from Pontymoile to Brecon. Both canals were abandoned in 1962, but the Brecknock and Abergavenny route and a small section of the Monmouthshire route have been reopened since 1970. Much of the rest of the original Monmouthshire Canal is the subject of a restoration plan, which includes the construction of a new marina at the Newport end of the canal.
The Monmouthshire Canal
This canal was authorised by an Act of Parliament (32 Geo. 3. c. 102), passed on 11 June 1792, which created the Company of Proprietors of the Monmouthshire Canal Navigation and empowered it to raise £120,000 by the issuing of shares, and a further £60,000 if required. The act stated that the canal would run from Pontnewynydd to the River Usk near Newport, and would include a branch from Crindau to Crumlin Bridge. The company also had powers to construct railways from the canal to any coal mines, ironworks or limestone quarries which were within of it.
Construction of the canal was supervised by Thomas Dadford Jr., and further acts of parliament were obtained as the work progressed. An act of 4 July 1797 (37 Geo. 3. c. 100) gave the company powers to extend the navigation, which resulted in the Newport terminus being moved southwards to Potter Street, while a third act of 26 June 1802 (42 Geo. 3. c. cxv) authorised specific railways, and allowed the company to raise additional finance.
The main line, which opened in February 1796, was long, and ran from Newport to Pontnewynydd, via Pontymoile, rising by through 42 locks. The Crumlin Arm left the main line at Crindau, rising through 32 locks to Crumlin (including the Cefn flight of Fourteen Locks), and was opened in 1799. In the late 1840s, a short extension joined the canal to Newport Docks, and hence to the River Usk. Because the canal was isolated from other similar undertakings, Dadford was free to set the size of the locks, and they were designed to take boats with a maximum width of , a length of and a draught of .
On the main line, railway branches were constructed from near Pontypool to Blaen-Din Works and Trosnant Furnace. From Crumlin a railway was built to Beaufort Iron Works, which was long and rose by , and there were additional branches to Sorwy Furnace, Nantyglo Works, and the Sirhowy Railway at Risca.
The Brecknock and Abergavenny Canal
This canal was first proposed in 1792 a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FrameNet | FrameNet is a group of online lexical databases based upon the theory of meaning known as Frame semantics, developed by linguist Charles J. Fillmore. The project's fundamental notion is simple: most words' meanings may be best understood in terms of a semantic frame, which is a description of a certain kind of event, connection, or item and its actors.
As an illustration, the act of cooking usually requires the following: a cook, the food being cooked, a container to hold the food while it is being cooked, and a heating instrument. Within FrameNet, this act is represented by a frame named , and its components (, , , and ), are referred to as frame elements (FEs). The frame also lists a number of words that represent it, known as lexical units (LUs), like fry, bake, boil, and broil.
Other frames are simpler. For example, only has an agent or cause, a theme—something that is placed—and the location where it is placed. Some frames are more complex, like , which contains more FEs (offender, injury, injured party, avenger, and punishment). As in the examples of and below, FrameNet's role is to define the frames and annotate sentences to demonstrate how the FEs fit syntactically around the word that elicits the frame.
Concepts
Frames
A frame is a schematic representation of a situation involving various participants, props, and other conceptual roles. Examples of frame names are and . A frame in FrameNet contains a textual description of what it represents (a frame definition), associated frame elements, lexical units, example sentences, and frame-to-frame relations.
Frame elements
Frame elements (FE) provide additional information to the semantic structure of a sentence. Each frame has a number of core and non-core FEs which can be thought of as semantic roles. Core FEs are essential to the meaning of the frame while non-core FEs are generally descriptive (such as time, place, manner, etc.) For example:
The only core FE of the frame is called ; non-core FEs , , , etc.
Core FEs of the frame include the , , and , while non-core FEs include a , , etc.
FrameNet includes shallow data on syntactic roles that frame elements play in the example sentences. For example, for a sentence like "She was born about AD 460", FrameNet would mark She as a noun phrase referring to the frame element, and "about AD 460" as a noun phrase corresponding to the frame element. Details of how frame elements can be realized in a sentence are important because this reveals important information about the subcategorization frames as well as possible diathesis alternations (e.g. "John broke the window" vs. "The window broke") of a verb.
Lexical units
Lexical units (LUs) are lemmas, with their part of speech, that evoke a specific frame. In other words, when an LU is identified in a sentence, that specific LU can be associated with its specific frame(s). For each frame, there may be many LUs associated to that frame, and also there may be many frames that share a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHPDoc | PHPDoc is an adaptation of Javadoc for the PHP programming language. It is still an informal standard for commenting PHP code, but it is in the process of being formalized. It allows external document generators like phpDocumentor, which is the de facto standard implementation, to generate documentation of APIs and helps some IDEs such as Zend Studio, NetBeans, JetBrains PhpStorm, ActiveState Komodo Edit and IDE, PHPEdit and Aptana Studio to interpret variable types and other ambiguities in the loosely typed language and to provide improved code completion, type hinting and debugging.
PHPDoc supports documentation of both object-oriented and procedural code.
On August 13, 2013 the PHP Framework Interoperability Group began writing a formal specification (PSR) for PHPDoc.
Example
/**
* Get all image nodes.
*
* @param \DOMNode $node The \DOMDocument instance
* @param boolean $strict If the document has to be valid
*
* @return \DOMNode
*/
public function getImageNodes(\DOMNode $node, $strict = true): \DOMNode
{
// ...
}
See also
phpDocumentor
Doxygen
Comparison of documentation generators
References
External links
phpDocumentor.org
Documentation generators
PHP software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-Machine | Man-Machine or Man and Machine may refer to:
Technology
Human–computer interaction, man-machine interaction (MMI)
MML (programming language), a man-machine language
Cyborg, a cybernetic organism which enhances its abilities by using technology
Transhumanism, the idea of human enhancement via technology
Music
The Man-Machine, a 1978 album by Kraftwerk
Man vs. Machine, a 2002 album by rapper Xzibit
Man and Machine (album), a 2002 album by U.D.O.
Man Machine, an early '90s techno/electro project, signed to Rhythm King
Other
Machine Man, a 1977 character created by Jack Kirby for Marvel Comics
Mann & Machine, a 1992 American science fiction police drama television series
Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface, a 1997 manga by Masamune Shirow
Man a Machine, a 1748 work of materialist philosophy by French physician and philosopher Julien Offray de La Mettrie
Maschinenmensch ("machine-human"), a robot featured in the film Metropolis
See also
Man engine, a ladder-like mechanism installed in mines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavaj%20Linhas%20A%C3%A9reas | TAVAJ Linhas Aéreas was a Brazilian airline founded in 1994 and based in Manaus, Brazil. It operated an extensive network in the Northern and Central-West regions of Brazil. It ceased operations in 2004.
History
The airline traces its origins to an air taxi company Taxi Aéreo Vale do Juruá, established in Cruzeiro do Sul in September 1972. In March 1994 it was transformed into a regional scheduled operator, changed its name to TAVAJ Transportes Aéreos Regulares S/A, and moved its base to Rio Branco. In 2002 TAVAJ moved its base again, this time to Manaus. It ceased its operations in 2004.
Initially it was a direct competitor of TABA – Transportes Aéreos da Bacia Amazônica and flew with a fleet of 5 Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante. In 1995 TAVAJ added further 2 EMB110 Bandeirante and the first Fokker F27 MK600. In 1997, as a project of major expansion, TAVAJ leased 4 Bombardier Dash 8-200B directly from the manufacturer but only 2 were delivered.
In 1999 TAVAJ suffered a hard blow during the currency exchange devaluation crisis. Because of high leasing and insurance costs, the airline was forced to return the 2 Dash 8-200B. Continuous economic difficulties lead TAVAJ to cease passenger operations in 2004.
Destinations
In 1998 TAVAJ was operating flights to 31 cities in the states of Acre, Amazonas, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Pará, and Rondônia.
Fleet
See also
List of defunct airlines of Brazil
References
External links
TAVAJ Accidents as per Aviation Safety Database
Defunct airlines of Brazil
Airlines established in 1994
Airlines disestablished in 2004
1994 establishments in Brazil |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular%20homology | In mathematics, cellular homology in algebraic topology is a homology theory for the category of CW-complexes. It agrees with singular homology, and can provide an effective means of computing homology modules.
Definition
If is a CW-complex with n-skeleton , the cellular-homology modules are defined as the homology groups Hi of the cellular chain complex
where is taken to be the empty set.
The group
is free abelian, with generators that can be identified with the -cells of . Let be an -cell of , and let be the attaching map. Then consider the composition
where the first map identifies with via the characteristic map of , the object is an -cell of X, the third map is the quotient map that collapses to a point (thus wrapping into a sphere ), and the last map identifies with via the characteristic map of .
The boundary map
is then given by the formula
where is the degree of and the sum is taken over all -cells of , considered as generators of .
Examples
The following examples illustrate why computations done with cellular homology are often more efficient than those calculated by using singular homology alone.
The n-sphere
The n-dimensional sphere Sn admits a CW structure with two cells, one 0-cell and one n-cell. Here the n-cell is attached by the constant mapping from to 0-cell. Since the generators of the cellular chain groups can be identified with the k-cells of Sn, we have that for and is otherwise trivial.
Hence for , the resulting chain complex is
but then as all the boundary maps are either to or from trivial groups, they must all be zero, meaning that the cellular homology groups are equal to
When , it is possible to verify that the boundary map is zero, meaning the above formula holds for all positive .
Genus g surface
Cellular homology can also be used to calculate the homology of the genus g surface . The fundamental polygon of is a -gon which gives a CW-structure with one 2-cell, 1-cells, and one 0-cell. The 2-cell is attached along the boundary of the -gon, which contains every 1-cell twice, once forwards and once backwards. This means the attaching map is zero, since the forwards and backwards directions of each 1-cell cancel out. Similarly, the attaching map for each 1-cell is also zero, since it is the constant mapping from to the 0-cell. Therefore, the resulting chain complex is
where all the boundary maps are zero. Therefore, this means the cellular homology of the genus g surface is given by
Similarly, one can construct the genus g surface with a crosscap attached as a CW complex with 1 0-cell, g 1-cells, and 1 2-cell. Its homology groups are
Torus
The n-torus can be constructed as the CW complex with 1 0-cell, n 1-cells, ..., and 1 n-cell. The chain complex is and all the boundary maps are zero. This can be understood by explicitly constructing the cases for , then see the pattern.
Thus, .
Complex projective space
If has no adjacent-dimensional cells, (so if it has n- |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snappy%20%28compression%29 | Snappy (previously known as Zippy) is a fast data compression and decompression library written in C++ by Google based on ideas from LZ77 and open-sourced in 2011. It does not aim for maximum compression, or compatibility with any other compression library; instead, it aims for very high speeds and reasonable compression. Compression speed is 250 MB/s and decompression speed is 500 MB/s using a single core of a circa 2011 "Westmere" 2.26 GHz Core i7 processor running in 64-bit mode. The compression ratio is 20–100% lower than gzip.
Snappy is widely used in Google projects like Bigtable, MapReduce and in compressing data for Google's internal RPC systems. It can be used in open-source projects like MariaDB ColumnStore, Cassandra, Couchbase, Hadoop, LevelDB, MongoDB, RocksDB, Lucene, Spark, and InfluxDB. Decompression is tested to detect any errors in the compressed stream. Snappy does not use inline assembler (except some optimizations) and is portable.
Stream format
Snappy encoding is not bit-oriented, but byte-oriented (only whole bytes are emitted or consumed from a stream). The format uses no entropy encoder, like Huffman coding or arithmetic coding.
The first bytes of the stream are the length of uncompressed data, stored as a little-endian varint, which allows for use of a variable-length code. The lower seven bits of each byte are used for data and the high bit is a flag to indicate the end of the length field.
The remaining bytes in the stream are encoded using one of four element types. The element type is encoded in the lower two bits of the first byte (tag byte) of the element:
00 – Literal – uncompressed data; upper 6 bits are used to store length (len-1) of data. Lengths larger than 60 are stored in a 1-4 byte integer indicated by a 6 bit length of 60 (1 byte) to 63 (4 bytes).
01 – Copy with length stored as 3 bits and offset stored as 11 bits; one byte after tag byte is used for part of offset;
10 – Copy with length stored as 6 bits of tag byte and offset stored as two-byte integer after the tag byte;
11 – Copy with length stored as 6 bits of tag byte and offset stored as four-byte little-endian integer after the tag byte;
The copy refers to the dictionary (just-decompressed data). The offset is the shift from the current position back to the already decompressed stream. The length is the number of bytes to copy from the dictionary. The size of the dictionary was limited by the 1.0 Snappy compressor to 32,768 bytes, and updated to 65,536 in version 1.1.
The complete official description of the snappy format can be found in the google GitHub repository.
Example of a compressed stream
The text
may be compressed to this, shown as hex data with explanations:
0000000: ca02 f042 5769 6b69 7065 6469 6120 6973 ...BWikipedia is
The first 2 bytes, ca02 are the length, as a little-endian varint (see Protocol Buffers for the varint specification). Thus the most-significant byte is '02' . 0x02ca(varint) = 0x014a = 330 bytes.
T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-dynamic-range%20rendering | High-dynamic-range rendering (HDRR or HDR rendering), also known as high-dynamic-range lighting, is the rendering of computer graphics scenes by using lighting calculations done in high dynamic range (HDR). This allows preservation of details that may be lost due to limiting contrast ratios. Video games and computer-generated movies and special effects benefit from this as it creates more realistic scenes than with more simplistic lighting models.
Graphics processor company Nvidia summarizes the motivation for HDR in three points: bright things can be really bright, dark things can be really dark, and details can be seen in both.
History
The use of high-dynamic-range imaging (HDRI) in computer graphics was introduced by Greg Ward in 1985 with his open-source Radiance rendering and lighting simulation software which created the first file format to retain a high-dynamic-range image. HDRI languished for more than a decade, held back by limited computing power, storage, and capture methods. Not until recently has the technology to put HDRI into practical use been developed.
In 1990, Nakame, et al., presented a lighting model for driving simulators that highlighted the need for high-dynamic-range processing in realistic simulations.
In 1995, Greg Spencer presented Physically-based glare effects for digital images at SIGGRAPH, providing a quantitative model for flare and blooming in the human eye.
In 1997, Paul Debevec presented Recovering high dynamic range radiance maps from photographs at SIGGRAPH, and the following year presented Rendering synthetic objects into real scenes. These two papers laid the framework for creating HDR light probes of a location, and then using this probe to light a rendered scene.
HDRI and HDRL (high-dynamic-range image-based lighting) have, ever since, been used in many situations in 3D scenes in which inserting a 3D object into a real environment requires the light probe data to provide realistic lighting solutions.
In gaming applications, Riven: The Sequel to Myst in 1997 used an HDRI postprocessing shader directly based on Spencer's paper. After E3 2003, Valve released a demo movie of their Source engine rendering a cityscape in a high dynamic range. The term was not commonly used again until E3 2004, where it gained much more attention when Epic Games showcased Unreal Engine 3 and Valve announced Half-Life 2: Lost Coast in 2005, coupled with open-source engines such as OGRE 3D and open-source games like Nexuiz.
Examples
One of the primary advantages of HDR rendering is that details in a scene with a large contrast ratio are preserved. Without HDR, areas that are too dark are clipped to black and areas that are too bright are clipped to white. These are represented by the hardware as a floating point value of 0.0 and 1.0 for pure black and pure white, respectively.
Another aspect of HDR rendering is the addition of perceptual cues which increase apparent brightness. HDR rendering also affects how light is |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EVN | EVN may refer to:
Electric vehicle network
Escape Velocity Nova, a video game
English visual novel, a term used to refer to visual novels originally written in English
European Vehicle Number, an identifying marking for railway vehicles in Europe and some adjacent regions.
European VLBI Network
Eurovision News Exchange; see Eurovision Network
Evenki language (ISO 639-3 code)
EVN Group, an Austrian energy provider
EVN AD Skopje, a subsidiary in North Macedonia
, a subsidiary, owner of Toplofikatsiya Plovdiv and the Bulgarian part of the Gorna Arda Hydro Power Plant project
Vietnam Electricity, a Vietnamese electricity provider
Zvartnots International Airport, in Armenia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttle%20Inc. | Shuttle Inc. () (TAIEX:2405) is a Taiwan-based manufacturer of motherboards, barebone computers, complete PC systems and monitors. Throughout the last 10 years, Shuttle has been one of the world's top 10 motherboard manufacturers, and gained fame in 2001 with the introduction of the Shuttle SV24, one of the world's first commercially successful small form factor computers. Shuttle XPC small form factor computers tend to be popular among PC enthusiasts and hobbyists, although in 2004 Shuttle started a campaign to become a brand name recognized by mainstream PC consumers.
Shuttle XPC desktop systems are based on same PC platform as the XPC barebone (case+motherboard+power supply) Shuttle manufactures. More recently, the differentiation between Shuttle barebones and Shuttle systems has become greater, with the launch of system exclusive models such as the M-series and X-series.
History
1983 – Shuttle was initially incorporated in Taiwan by David and Simon Yu under the name Holco (浩鑫), and commences trading of computer motherboards.
1984 – Holco begins manufacturing motherboards in its Taoyuan County (now Taoyuan City), Taiwan factory.
1988 – Holco establishes its first overseas branch office, in Fremont, California.
1990 – Holco subsidiary Shuttle Computer Handel is established in Elmshorn, Germany to serve European market.
1994 – Introduces Shuttle RiscPC 4475, a desktop based on DEC Alpha 64-bit microprocessor and Microsoft Windows NT for Alpha.
1995 – Shuttle reaches #5 motherboard manufacturer worldwide in terms of volume.
1997 – Holco officially changes its name to Shuttle Inc.
2000 – Goes public on TAIEX stock market under symbol 2405.
2001 – Introduces Shuttle SV24, a compact all-aluminum computer using desktop components.
2002 – SV24 evolves into XPC line of small form factor barebones computers, including models for Intel's Pentium 4 and AMD's Athlon.
2003 – 8 different XPCs introduced, including models featuring chipsets from Nvidia, Intel, SiS, and VIA.
2004 – XPC shipments pass 1 million, Shuttle introduces the XP17 LCD and fully assembled PC systems. Branch offices established in Japan and China.
2005 – PC World awards Shuttle the "World Class" and "Best Buy" awards.
2005 – IDC research ranks the Shuttle brand loyalty higher than Dell, Sony and Apple.
2005 – Shuttle introduces the world's first small-form-factor Nvidia SLi system.
2005 – Introduction of Shuttle's first exclusive set-top box living-room PC, the M1000.
2005 – Shuttle debuts the world's fastest ultra-small-form-factor PC - the X100.
2006 – Shuttle is selected as one of Intel's premiere partners when Intel Viiv launched at the International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas.
2006 – Shuttle launches a series of new chassis, X series and T series, which offers variety shapes of PC.
2006 – PCWORLD selects the Shuttle as the 15th great landmark in PC history.
2007 – Shuttle introduces new lineup of extreme gaming PC, SDXi system. Features Intel |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Rachel%20Maddow%20Show%20%28radio%20program%29 | The Rachel Maddow Show was a weekday radio show on the Air America Radio network hosted by Rachel Maddow. The show featured news items read by Maddow and her commentary on each of them as well as interview segments with politicians, newsmakers and pundits. Guests included presidential candidate John Edwards, author Eric Alterman, reporters from The Nation magazine and commentators from The Center for American Progress. Beginning September 8, 2008, she also debuted a TV version of the show on MSNBC of the same name with different content. Early in 2009 the show was moved to the 5AM timeslot and consisted almost entirely of the audio from the previous nights MSNBC broadcast of Maddow's television show. On January 21, 2010, Air America Radio ceased programming citing economic difficulties.
History
The show began on April 14, 2005 and moved to 7AM–9AM EST on January 2, 2006. It later aired weekdays from 6PM–8PM EST on some Air America affiliates. Unlike most Air America programs, listener calls were not usually taken, in keeping with the show's more hard-news orientation and its format. The only exception to the rule was when either a guest or an issue's stance was important enough to warrant the calls (e.g., Maddow took calls from caucus voters in Iowa and primary voters in New Hampshire prior to those states' presidential nominating contests in early January 2008).
Until December 14, 2007, humorist Kent Jones served as The Rachel Maddow Show's co-host, contributing odd news stories as well as having his own segment, Kent Jones Now!, which aired at the end of each hour and focused on another odd news story. Jones also read the previous night's sports news during the second hour, substituting odd phrases for the word "beat" or "defeated" in the result depending on the city of the team that won — e.g. "the San Francisco Giants Violent Femmes'd the Los Angeles Dodgers, 5-2." Jones typically ended his segments by saying "Vigilance!" forcefully, although sometimes he'd say "Sacajawea" in the same tone. He announced his departure at the end of the Tuesday, show of December 11, saying it was a "business decision" at the network. Jones later joined Maddow on the television version of The Rachel Maddow Show.
From March 10, 2008, until the debut of her television show, Maddow was a panelist on Race for the White House on MSNBC, simulcast as the first hour of the radio show, which expanded to three hours. Bender came on as co-host of the third hour and solo host for that hour when Maddow's television obligations on MSNBC conflicted with her ability to host the show.
With the debut of Maddow's nightly MSNBC program on September 8, 2008, the radio show returned to a two-hour format. The second hour was usually a rebroadcast of the previous night's television episode.
Early in 2009 The Rachel Maddow Show was moved to a one-hour timeslot at 5AM Eastern Time. It began with a short introduction from Maddow followed by the audio from the previous night's |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Increment | Increment or incremental may refer to:
Incrementalism, a theory (also used in politics as a synonym for gradualism)
Increment and decrement operators, the operators ++ and -- in computer programming
Incremental computing
Incremental backup, which contain only that portion that has changed since the preceding backup copy.
Increment, chess term for additional time a chess player receives on each move
Incremental games
Increment in rounding
See also
1+1 (disambiguation)
++ (disambiguation)
da:Inkrementel
fr:Incrémentation
nl:Increment
ja:インクリメント
pl:Inkrementacja
ru:Инкремент
sr:Инкремент
sv:++ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP%20Vegas | TCP Vegas is a TCP congestion avoidance algorithm that emphasizes packet delay, rather than packet loss, as a signal to help determine the rate at which to send packets. It was developed at the University of Arizona by Lawrence Brakmo and Larry L. Peterson and introduced in 1994.
TCP Vegas detects congestion at an incipient stage based on increasing Round-Trip Time (RTT) values of the packets in the connection unlike other flavors such as Reno, New Reno, etc., which detect congestion only after it has actually happened via packet loss. The algorithm depends heavily on accurate calculation of the Base RTT value. If it is too small then throughput of the connection will be less than the bandwidth available while if the value is too large then it will overrun the connection.
A lot of research is going on regarding the fairness provided by the linear increase/decrease mechanism for congestion control in Vegas. One interesting caveat is when Vegas is inter-operated with other versions like Reno. In this case, performance of Vegas degrades because Vegas reduces its sending rate before Reno, as it detects congestion early and hence gives greater bandwidth to co-existing TCP Reno flows.
TCP Vegas is one of several "flavors" of TCP congestion avoidance algorithms. It is one of a series of efforts at TCP tuning that adapt congestion control and system behaviors to new challenges faced by increases in available bandwidth in Internet components on networks like Internet2.
TCP Vegas has been implemented in the Linux kernel, in FreeBSD and possibly in other operating systems as well.
See also
TCP congestion avoidance algorithm
Development of TCP
References
External links
University of Arizona Advanced Protocol Design Vegas
Vegas |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LITNET | LITNET is Lithuanian Research and Education Network in Lithuania. It was established in 1991 and had X.25 satellite connectivity to University of Oslo.
LITNET NOC is located in Kaunas University of Technology (KTU).
References
External links
Educational organizations based in Lithuania
Internet in Lithuania
National research and education networks |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%20Simpsonwood%20CDC%20conference | The 2000 Simpsonwood CDC conference (officially titled Scientific Review of Vaccine Safety Datalink Information) was a two-day meeting convened in June 2000 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), held at the Simpsonwood Methodist retreat and conference center in Norcross, Georgia. The key event at the conference was the presentation of data from the Vaccine Safety Datalink examining the possibility of a link between the mercury compound thimerosol in vaccines and neurological problems in children who had received those vaccines.
A 2005 article by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., published by Rolling Stone and Salon.com, focused on the Simpsonwood meeting as part of a conspiracy to withhold or falsify vaccine-safety information. However, Kennedy's article contained numerous major factual errors and, after a number of corrections, was ultimately retracted by Salon.com. Nonetheless, on the basis of Kennedy's claims, the conference gained notoriety in the anti-vaccination movement.
The conference
The conference was convened following a resolution by the Congress of the United States in 1997 requiring the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to review the thimerosal content of approved drugs and biologics. Three vaccines of primary interest were discussed: hepatitis B vaccine, DPT vaccine, and the Hib vaccine.
Attendees included experts in the fields of autism, pediatrics, toxicology, epidemiology and vaccines. Also in attendance were approximately half a dozen public-health organisations and pharmaceutical companies, as well as eleven consultants to the CDC, a rapporteur, and a statistician. The meeting served as a prelude to vaccine policy meetings held by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), which sets U.S. vaccine policy for the CDC. The session was also to serve as the initial meeting of the ACIP work group on thimerosal and immunization.
Presentations and supporting documents from the conference were subject to a news embargo until June 21, 2000, at which point they were published by the ACIP. After the conference, researchers carried out a planned second phase to further analyze and clarify the study's preliminary findings. The results of this second analysis were published in 2003.
In the anti-vaccination movement
The June 20, 2005, issue of Rolling Stone contained an article written by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., entitled "Deadly Immunity". The article, which was also published on Salon.com, focused on the Simpsonwood conference, and alleged that government and private industry had colluded to "thwart the Freedom of Information Act" and "withhold" vaccine-safety findings from the public. Kennedy said that the Simpsonwood data linked thimerosal in vaccines to the rise in autism, but that the lead researcher later "reworked his data to bury the link between thimerosal and autism." However, Kennedy's article contained numerous errors, including overstating the amount of ethylmercury in vaccines, wrongly claiming t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprofessor%20III | Microprofessor III (MPF III), introduced in 1983, was Multitech's (later renamed Acer) third branded computer product and also (arguably) one of the first Apple IIe clones. Unlike the two earlier computers, its design was influenced by the IBM personal computer. Because of some additional functions in the ROM and different graphics routines, the MPF III was not totally compatible with the original Apple IIe computer.
One key feature of the MPF III in some models was its Chinese BASIC, a version of Chinese-localized BASIC based on Applesoft BASIC.
The MPF III included an optional Z80 CP/M emulator card. It permitted the computer to switch to the Z80 processor and run programs developed under the CP/M operating system.
The different models in the MPF-III brand were the Multitech MPF-III/311 in NTSC countries (mainly in the United States and Canada) and the MPF-III/312 in PAL countries (mainly in Australia, Sweden, Spain, Finland, Italy and Singapore). It was also sold in Latin America as the Latindata MPF-III.
Technical specifications
CPU: MOS Technology 6502, 1 MHz
Memory (RAM): 64KB dynamic RAM and 2KB static RAM
ROM: 24KB, including MBASIC (MPF-III BASIC), monitor, sound, display and printer programs and drivers
Operating system: DOS 3.3 or ProDOS
Input/Output: NTSC composite video jack (MPF-III/311), TV RF modulator port, cassette port, printer port, joystick 9-pin D-type port, earphone, and external speaker jacks
Expandability: internal slots (6), optional Z80 CP/M emulator card, one external Apple II type card slot
Screen display:
Text modes: 40×24, 80x24 (with 80 columns card)
Graphics modes: 40×48 (16 col), 280×192 (6 col)
Sound: one channel
Storage: 2 optional 5.25 inch 140 KB diskette drives
Keyboard: 90 keys keyboard with numeric keypad
See also
Microprofessor I — unrelated Z80 programming education device
Microprofessor II
External links
MPF III at the Old Computer Museum
MPF III at the Silicium Museum
MPF III at the ZONADEPRUEBAS
Acer Inc. computers
Home computers
Apple II clones |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk%20magazine | A disk magazine, colloquially known as a diskmag or diskzine, is a magazine that is distributed in electronic form to be read using computers. These had some popularity in the 1980s and 1990s as periodicals distributed on floppy disk, hence their name. The rise of the Internet in the late 1990s caused them to be superseded almost entirely by online publications, which are sometimes still called "diskmags" despite the lack of physical disks.
Defining characteristics
A unique and defining characteristic about a diskmag in contrast to a typical ASCII "zine" or "t-file" (or even "g-file") is that a diskmag usually comes housed as an executable program file that will only run on a specific hardware platform. A diskmag tends to have an aesthetically appealing and custom graphical user interface (or even interfaces), background music and other features that take advantage of the hardware platform the diskmag was coded for. Diskmags have been written for many platforms, ranging from the C64 on up to the IBM PC and have even been created for video game consoles, like scenedicate for the Sega Dreamcast.
History
Precursors
Early home and hobby users of personal computers in the late 1970s and early 1980s sometimes typed in programs, usually in the BASIC language, which were published in the computer magazines of the time. This was a lot of work, and prone to error, so the idea of publishing a magazine directly on a computer-readable medium so that the programs could be run directly without typing came independently to several people.
Some ideas of putting bar codes into paper magazines, which could be read into a computer with the appropriate peripheral, were floated at the time, but never caught on. Since the common data storage medium of the earliest home computers was the audio cassette, the first magazine published on a physical computer medium was actually a cassette magazine rather than a disk magazine; CLOAD magazine, for the Radio Shack TRS-80 computer, began publication in 1978, named after the command to load a program from cassette on that computer system.
CLOAD was not the first electronic periodical, however, because various ARPANET digests had been published as text files sent around the network since the early 1970s. These, however, were pure ASCII text and hence were not diskmags by the current definition. Also, at the time, few people outside of academic institutions had access to this forerunner of the Internet.
1980s
In September, 1981, the first issue of Softdisk was published for Apple II computers; coming out monthly on a 5¼" diskette, this was the first floppy-disk-based periodical. This was the first publication of a company also known as Softdisk which would later bring out similar publications for the Commodore 64, IBM PC, and Apple Macintosh. Of these magazines, the one for the Commodore 64, called Loadstar, continued publishing until issue 249 in 2007 - making it the longest running disk software magazine in histor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%2ALisp | *Lisp (or StarLisp) is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp. It was conceived of in 1985 by two employees of the Thinking Machines Corporation, Cliff Lasser and Steve Omohundro, as a way to provide an efficient yet high-level language for programming the nascent Connection Machine (CM).
History
Prelude
At the time the Connection Machine was being designed and built, the only language being actively developed for it was an assembly-level language named PARIS (Parallel Instruction Set). It became evident that a better way to program the machine was needed, and quickly. Waiting for the completion of Connection Machine Lisp (CM Lisp), an implementation of the very high-level programming language Lisp with parallel computing extensions) was not an option. CM Lisp had been proposed by Danny Hillis, and development was expected to continue for several more years.
Development
A *Lisp interpreter was initially developed. It became apparent quickly that a *Lisp compiler, translating *Lisp into Lisp and PARIS, would be needed to attain the gigaFLOPS speed that was attainable in theory by a Connection Machine. The *Lisp compiler was written by Jeff Mincy and was first released in 1986. An application achieving more than two gigaFLOPS, a helicopter wake simulator, was developed by Alan Egolf, then an employee of United Technologies, and J. P. Massar, a Thinking Machines employee, in 1987.
A *Lisp Simulator, an emulator meant to run *Lisp code on standard, non-parallel machines, was developed at the same time by J. P. Massar. This simulator still exists, and was ported to American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Common Lisp (CL) in 2001. An older version written in the original CL, exists in the Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) artificial intelligence (AI) repository.
Later versions of *Lisp, involving significant upgrades to its functions and performance, were worked on by Cliff Lasser, Jeff Mincy, and J. P. Massar through 1989. *Lisp was implemented on the Thinking Machines CM5 circa 1990–1991 by J. P. Massar and Mario Bourgoin.
Implementation
StarLisp was written on Common Lisp (CL), and thus had the full power of CL behind it. To use a Connection Machine, one needed a host or front-end. To use *Lisp, that front-end had to run CL. Symbolics' machines using Genera and Sun Microsystems workstations running Lucid Inc.'s Lucid Common Lisp were both used to operate *Lisp.
StarLisp operated on Parallel Variables (PVARS). These represented Connection Machine memory, and were essentially vectors: one element per CM processor (or virtual processor).
StarLisp consisted of standard operations on PVARS, like vector addition and multiplication, along with communication primitives that essentially reordered the elements of a PVAR using the CM's communication hardware to optimally route the data.
References
Concurrent programming languages
Dynamically typed programming languages
Functional languages
Lisp programming language family
Common L |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smile%20%28disambiguation%29 | A smile is a facial expression.
Smile may also refer to:
Computing
Smile (data interchange format), a binary JSON encoding
Smile (software), a Macintosh programming and working environment
SMILE project, a program supported by the Directorate-General for the Environment of the European Commission
Unicode U+2323 (⌣) SMILE, a symbol in the Miscellaneous Technical Unicode block
Film, theatre, television and radio
Film and theatre
Smile (1975 film), a film directed by Michael Ritchie
Smile (2005 film), a film written and directed by Jeffrey Kramer
Smile (2009 film), an Italian film
Smile (2022 film), an American horror film
Smile (musical), a 1986 Broadway musical based on the 1975 film
Television and radio
Smile (British TV series), a 2002–2007 BBC Sunday morning children's programme
Smile (Japanese TV series), a 2009 Japanese drama series
Smile (TV network), a Christian children’s network operated by TBN
Smile FM, a contemporary Christian radio network
SmileTV, a range of British television channels
Television episodes
"Smile" (Boston Legal)
"Smile" (Doctor Who)
"Smile" (The Facts of Life)
"Smile" (Law & Order: Criminal Intent)
"Smile" (Spin City)
"Smile" (Water Rats)
"Smile", an episode of The Good Doctor
Literature
Smile (comic book), a 2010 graphic novel by Raina Telgemeier
Smile (Doyle novel), a 2017 novel by Roddy Doyle
Smile (magazine), a 1998–2002 American magazine aimed at teenage girls
Smile! (novel), a 2004 children's book by Geraldine McCaughrean
Music
Groups
The Smile (band), a 2020s English rock band consisting of two Radiohead members and Tom Skinner of Sons of Kemet
Smile (band), a 1968 London band which was the precursor to Queen
Smile (American band), a 1990s rock band
Smile.dk, a Swedish pop band
Smile, a southern California band that featured Tommy Girvin
Albums
Smile (Beach Boys album), an unfinished Beach Boys album started in 1966 and abandoned in 1967
Brian Wilson Presents Smile, a re-recording of the album, 2004
Smile (Boris album), 2008
Smile (Cane Hill album), 2016
Smile (Fiona album), 2008
Smile (The Idea of North album), 2013
Smile (Jacky Terrasson album), 2002
Smile (The Jayhawks album), 2000
Smile (Katy Perry album), 2020
Smile (L'Arc-en-Ciel album), 2004
Smile (Lasgo album), 2009
Smile (Laura Nyro album), 1976
Smile (Lyle Lovett album), 2003
Smile (Mai Kuraki album), 2017
Smile (Marti Pellow album), 2001
Smile (Mike Park album), 2011
Smile (Nina Girado album), 2003
Smile (The Pillows album), 2001
Smile (Ride album), 1990
Smile (Simon Webbe album), 2017
Smile (Smile.dk album), 1998
Smile! (Vitas album), or the title song, 2002
A Smile, by Dappled Cities Fly, 2004
Smile×Smile, by Mayumi Iizuka, 2003
Smile, by Hazel O'Connor, 1984
Smile!, by the Remo Four, 1967
Smile, by the Yellow Monkey, 1995
Smile, by Mike Candys, 2012
EPs
Smile (EP), by the Wannadies, 1989
Smile, by Dune Rats, 2013
Songs
"Smile" (Avril Lavigne song), 2011
"Smile" (Charlie Chapl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loadstar%20%28magazine%29 | Loadstar () was a disk magazine for the Commodore 64 computer, published starting in 1984 and ceasing publication in 2007 with its unreleased (until 2010) 250th issue. It derived its name from the command commonly used to execute commercial software from a Commodore 1541 disk: LOAD "*",8,1, with inspiration from the word "lodestar".
Loadstar was launched as a sister publication of Softdisk, based in Shreveport, Louisiana. It was the second platform for which Softdisk produced a disk magazine, after the Apple II. At the time, the Commodore 64 was a very popular home computer due to its inexpensive price and advanced graphics and sound capabilities.
Early issues of Loadstar were produced by the Softdisk staff, most of whom had more experience with Apple than Commodore computers at the time, and much of the content was ported over from the Apple. However, over time, Commodore-specific staff and freelance contributors came aboard.
In addition, Loadstar was the official disk magazine for magazines published by Commodore, including Power/Play and Commodore Magazine. Users could find type-in programs from these publications featured on Loadstar.
In 1987, Fender Tucker was hired as its editor, and he gave Loadstar a distinctive style and atmosphere, including references to a fictional "Loadstar Tower" where it was supposedly published (the offices at the time were in fact in a basement). Loadstars staff soon expanded to include Jeffrey L. Jones and Scott E. Resh, and the magazine's regular "Puzzle Page" feature - with interactive crosswords, card games, and logic puzzles - was edited by Barbara Schulak.
Under Tucker, a sister publication Loadstar 128 was launched for the Commodore 128 personal computer. This magazine was quarterly. Jones contributed to the Loadstar Letter, a printed publication which accompanied issues of Loadstar.
In 1989, Loadstar published DigitHunt, a number-puzzle game which was apparently the first home computer implementation of Sudoku.
A notable feature in some early issues is the inclusion of a disk with software to access the then-new online service Quantum Link, which had been fervently pitched to Loadstar by head of marketing Steve Case. The company that ran this service eventually turned into America Online.
As the years went by and the Commodore 64 was increasingly regarded as an obsolete computer, the resources of the company were shifted to software for more current systems such as Windows and the Macintosh, and later to the Internet. However, Loadstar held on, and ultimately outlasted the disk magazines for newer platforms. When Softdisk no longer wished to support it, it was spun off as an independent company, J&F Publishing, co-owned by Tucker and his wife, Judi Mangham, who was a co-founder of Softdisk. It has continued to be published, well into the 2000s, for a cult-following audience of old-time Commodore buffs and for people who use Commodore 64 emulators on other platforms.
In January, 2001, Dave an |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgios%20Paraskevopoulos | Georgios Paraskevopoulos () was a Greek cyclist. He participated in the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens. Paraskevopoulos competed in the 12 hour race and the road race. According to the data provided by the official website of the Olympic Games, Paraskevopoulos did not finish the 12 hour race and there is no third winner. However, according to the Hellenic Olympic Committee, Paraskevopoulos did finish, and therefore is recognised by HOC as bronze medalist, having completed 940 laps of the Neo Phaliron Velodrome. This is supported by a short article in a Greek newspaper on the following day.
In the road race, Paraskevopoulos was not among the top three out of the seven cyclists to compete.
References
External links
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Greek male cyclists
Cyclists at the 1896 Summer Olympics
19th-century sportsmen
Olympic cyclists for Greece
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andries%20van%20Dam | Andries "Andy" van Dam (born December 8, 1938) is a Dutch-American professor of computer science and former vice-president for research at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. Together with Ted Nelson he contributed to the first hypertext system, Hypertext Editing System (HES) in the late 1960s. He co-authored Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice along with J.D. Foley, S.K. Feiner, and John Hughes. He also co-founded the precursor of today's ACM SIGGRAPH conference.
Van Dam serves on several technical boards and committees. He teaches an introductory course in computer science and courses in computer graphics at Brown University.
Van Dam received his B.S. degree with Honors in Engineering Sciences from Swarthmore College in 1960 and his M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1963 and 1966, respectively.
Students
Van Dam has mentored undergraduates, other scholars, and practitioners in hypertext and computer graphics. One of his students was Randy Pausch, who gained national renown in the process of dying from pancreatic cancer. Pausch's Last Lecture in September 2007 was the basis for the bestseller Last Lecture. Van Dam was the final speaker after the hour-plus talk. He praised Pausch for his courage and leadership, calling him a role model. Pausch died on July 25, 2008. Danah Boyd, Scott Draves, Dick Bulterman, Robert Sedgewick, Scott Snibbe, Andy Hertzfeld, and Steven K. Feiner also were students of Andy van Dam.
Achievements
Originally appointed as a professor of applied mathematics, van Dam helped to found the computer science program at Brown as a joint project between the departments of applied mathematics and engineering. When the program was promoted to a full department, van Dam served as its first chair, from 1979 to 1985. In 1995 van Dam was appointed Thomas J. Watson, Jr. University Professor of Technology and Education as well as professor of computer science.
At the University of Pennsylvania in 1966, he became the second person to receive a PhD in Computer Science.
Van Dam is perhaps most known as the co-designer, along with Ted Nelson, of the first hypertext system, HES, in the late 1960s. With it and its immediate successor, FRESS, he was an early proponent of the use of hypertext in the humanities and in pedagogy. The term hypertext was coined by Ted Nelson, who was working with him at the time. Van Dam's continued interest in hypertext was crucial to the development of modern markup and browsing technology, and several of his students were instrumental in the origin of XML, XSLT, and related Web standards.
He is also known for co-authoring Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice with J.D. Foley, S.K. Feiner, and J.F. Hughes. This popular textbook in computer graphics and is often called the "Bible" of computer graphics.
In 1967, van Dam co-founded ACM SICGRAPH, the precursor of today's ACM SIGGRAPH.
In 1983 he was one of the founders of IRIS, which developed a hypertext schola |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KSWB-TV | KSWB-TV (channel 69) is a television station in San Diego, California, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group alongside independent station KUSI-TV (channel 51). KSWB-TV's studios are located on Engineer Road in the city's Kearny Mesa section, and its transmitter is located southeast of Spring Valley. The station is branded as Fox 5 San Diego, in reference to its primary cable channel number in the market.
KSWB-TV went on the air as independent station KTTY in 1984. It was the third independent station in the market with programming that was generally inferior to its two competitors. In 1994, the station was placed into bankruptcy to avoid foreclosure. Tribune Broadcasting won the bidding to purchase KTTY in 1995, and it was relaunched as KSWB-TV on August 16, 1996. Stronger programming, including The WB, and the start of a new local newscast, which was on air from 1999 to 2005, dramatically improved its on-air product.
In 2008, Tribune reached a deal to make KSWB-TV the region's new Fox affiliate, displacing XETV, a Tijuana-based independent that had long targeted the U.S. market. The move led the station to restart its own local newscasts.
History
Early years as KTTY
The insertion of another television station into the San Diego area was first proposed by businessman Charles Woods in 1978. He had proposed that channel 27 be allocated to the city and sought to build a new Spanish-language outlet; however, a revised agreement with Mexico gave that country channel 27 for Tijuana, and channel 69 was proposed in its stead. Ten to twelve applications were received, and eight were designated for comparative hearing by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in 1982. The field of applicants consolidated after the hearing designation by way of settlements and mergers and was whittled down eventually to five. Four of these groups consolidated: a group of Asian businessmen headed by former San Diego city councilor Tom Hom; Black investor J. Bruce Llewellyn and several other East Coast interests; Gil Contreras, leading a Hispanic group; and a White group led by Jim Harmon, the president of Imperial Airlines. Harmon was the brother of former KFMB-TV co-owner Helen Alvarez Smith. They then settled with the fifth group—Christian Communications Network, owned by evangelist Jerry Barnard—and agreed to air its programming.
This cleared the way for the consortium known as San Diego Television to get a construction permit on January 3, 1983. However, nearly two years would pass before KTTY began to broadcast. One complication arose when the Llewellyn group opted to sell, suffering from the difficulty of living on the East Coast and trying to set up a West Coast TV station, and wound up being bought out by the other groups for $2 million. Technical issues also had to be resolved; when the antenna was shipped, it was first delivered to the studios in Chula Vista, not to the San Miguel Mountain transmitter site whe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHBQ-TV | WHBQ-TV (channel 13) is a television station in Memphis, Tennessee, United States, affiliated with the Fox network and owned by Imagicomm Communications. The station's studios are located on South Highland Street (near the campus of the University of Memphis) in East Memphis, and its transmitter is located on Raleigh-LaGrange Road on the city's northeast side.
History
Under RKO General
The station first signed on the air on September 27, 1953. It was owned by Harding College of Searcy, Arkansas, along with WHBQ radio (560 AM and 105.9 FM, now WGKX). It originally operated as a primary CBS and secondary ABC affiliate, sharing the latter network's programming with NBC affiliate WMCT (channel 5, now WMC-TV). Channel 13 lost the CBS affiliation when WREC-TV (channel 3, now WREG-TV) signed on in January 1956, assuming the affiliation through the CBS Radio Network's longtime affiliation with radio station WREC (600 AM); WHBQ-TV then became an exclusive ABC affiliate. General Teleradio, the broadcasting arm of the General Tire and Rubber Company, purchased the WHBQ stations in March 1954. In 1955, General Tire purchased RKO Radio Pictures in order to give its television stations a programming source outside of network content and locally produced shows. RKO was merged into General Teleradio; General Tire's broadcasting and film divisions were later renamed RKO General in 1957.
RKO General was under nearly continuous investigation from the 1960s onward due to a long history of lying to advertisers and regulators. For example, it was nearly forced out of broadcasting in 1980 after misleading the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) about corporate misconduct at parent General Tire. Under longtime general manager Alex Bonner, WHBQ-AM-FM-TV was never accused of any wrongdoing. The regulatory pressure on RKO General continued unabated until 1987, when an FCC administrative law judge ruled the company unfit to be a broadcast licensee due to its rampant dishonesty. After the FCC advised RKO that appealing the decision was not worth the effort, RKO began unwinding its broadcast operations. The WHBQ stations were the next-to-last to be sold (with WHBQ-TV being the last TV station sold by RKO General), shortly after Bonner retired in 1990. The new owner, Adams Communications, sold off WHBQ radio (WHBQ-FM had been sold off several years earlier).
Transition to Fox
Adams was in severe financial straits by 1994, and sold the station to the Communications Corporation of America; the sale was finalized on August 17 of that year. Only a short time later, ComCorp sold WHBQ-TV to the News Corporation, then-owner of the Fox network (which spun off the majority of its entertainment holdings to 21st Century Fox in July 2013); the sale closed on July 5, 1995. After the sale was closed, News Corporation had to run the station for over five months as an ABC affiliate, as WPTY's affiliation contract with Fox did not expire until November 30. Fox had signed a deal with N |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brothers%20%281984%20TV%20series%29 | Brothers is an American sitcom television series that originally aired on the cable network Showtime from July 13, 1984, to May 5, 1989, totaling 115 episodes. It was produced by Gary Nardino Productions, in association with two separate divisions of Paramount Pictures: first by Paramount Video (1984–86) and by Paramount Television (1987–89). The show focuses on the three Waters brothers.
History
Development
David Lloyd, Greg Antonacci and Gary Nardino respectively created and developed Brothers in 1982, with the same format as what made it to the air. Lloyd, a veteran TV writer known for his work on The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Taxi and the then-new NBC sitcom Cheers, had the premise for this series suggested to him by his employers, TV producers Ed. Weinberger and Stan Daniels. Wishing to develop a new screenplay with a revolutionary theme, Lloyd took to Weinberger and Daniels' idea about exploring familial relationships with the presence of a major—and controversial—life change, that of a relative finally coming out and addressing his homosexuality. Lloyd fully developed the idea and assumed full credit for the creation of the project. He then partnered himself with current Paramount Television president Nardino, who was looking to form an independent production company (he would leave Paramount in July 1983 to form Gary Nardino Productions), and Antonacci, a young actor-turned-director and producer, to write a pilot script with a modern, relevant point of view. The relationship of three adult brothers, inseparable and living in a world strongly underscored by masculinity, who soon have to confront the youngest brother's decision to be openly gay, quickly came to fruition in the screenplay aptly titled Brothers.
The project was originally shopped around to broadcast networks NBC and ABC, in hopes of being picked up for the 1983 fall television season. NBC agreed to screen the pilot due to Lloyd's work on Taxi and Cheers (both of which had aired on NBC during the 1982–1983 season), and due to the insistence of Weinberger and Daniels. Network executives (then headed by Brandon Tartikoff) saw the charm of the content, but were concerned about how homosexuality was going to be portrayed. NBC did put Brothers in the running of fall 1983 pilots, but ultimately passed on it, instead choosing a series from Weinberger, Mr. Smith, in its place. Lloyd, Antonacci and Nardino then offered Brothers to ABC, who instantly shot it down due to it dealing with gay themes. The creative team refused to give up hope on the project, and the same was said for its three leads, who from the beginning were Robert Walden (fresh off his Emmy Award-nominated role of Joe Rossi on CBS' Lou Grant), Paul Regina and Brandon Maggart. As the producers tried to find a new outlet to pitch it to, development was put on hold, allowing Regina to co-star in CBS' short-lived Zorro and Son (1983), and Maggart to assume a role on NBC's Jennifer Slept Here (1983–1984).
Eventually, Lloyd |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassie%20Layne%20Winslow | Cassie Layne Winslow is a fictional character from Guiding Light, an American soap opera on the CBS network. She was first portrayed by Laura Wright for an eight-year period, followed by Nicole Forester until the character's departure in 2008. Laura Stepp temporarily played the character in 2001.
Casting and creation
The role of Cassie was originated by actress Laura Wright, who was known for her role as Ally Rescott on the ABC Daytime soap opera's Loving and The City. The actress premiered in the role on August 1, 1997. Actress Laura Stepp briefly stepped into the role for three episodes between January 8–10, 2001, while Wright was on maternity leave.
In September 2005, it was announced that Wright had decided not to renew her contract with the soap, calling it something she needed to do. She wrote on her official website (now defunct):
Days later, it was announced that Wright would join the ABC soap General Hospital as the fourth actress to portray character, Carly Corinthos. Guiding Light announced their decision to recast Cassie, following Wright's exit in the role.
On September 29, 2005, it was announced the newcomer Nicole Forester would replace Wright in her role as Cassie. It was said that soap actresses Cynthia Preston (ex-Faith Rosco, General Hospital) and Jensen Buchanan (ex-Marley/Vicky, Another World) were also considered for the recast of Cassie, with Forester beating both actresses out for the role. Forester previous has guest-starring roles on such series like Monk and Two and a Half Men.
Wright's last airdate as Cassie was November 3, 2005, with Forester premiering in the role the following day on November 4. In September 2008, it was announced Forester had opted to vacate the role of Cassie in favor of starting a family with her then soon-to-be husband. Forester released a statement, saying:
Forester's last date as Cassie aired on November 4, 2008, exactly three years after stepping into the role.
Storylines
Cassie was originally named Danni Shayne. The character of Cassie was originated by actress Laura Wright in the summer of 1997, barring a two-day leave in January 2001 (in which Laura Stepp filled in), and until her final appearance in November 2005. Soon afterward, Nicole Forester took over the role of Cassie in November 2005, continuing to play her through November 2008. Cassie has two children, a daughter named Tammy and a son named R.J.
Cassie's entrance onto the canvas was part of a "retcon" storyline where the audience learned that Reva Shayne's mother Sarah had a child out of wedlock. After Sarah's death, Reva searched for her sister and briefly believed it was her archenemy Annie Dutton. She eventually learned it was Cassie, and the two sisters developed a relationship after Cassie moved to Springfield.
Cassie gave birth to a stillborn child before adopting Will with Richard. She would then discover that she was still fertile when Edmund and herself suffered a surprise miscarriage in 2004. In early 2005, Ca |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Old%20Man%20and%20the%20Lisa | "The Old Man and the Lisa" is the twenty-first episode of the eighth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 20, 1997. In the episode, Mr. Burns goes bankrupt and asks Lisa to help him get rich again. She agrees on the condition that he change his evil ways. They earn money by recycling cans and soon Burns has enough money to start his own recycling plant. Lisa is aghast when she learns the plant makes a slurry from liquefied sea creatures. When Burns sells the plant to a company that makes fish sticks, he offers Lisa 10 percent of his profits, but she declines for ethical reasons.
The episode was directed by Mark Kirkland and written by John Swartzwelder. The writing staff had thought about an episode in which Mr. Burns would lose his money and would have to interact with the outside world. In DVD commentary, the writers explained that while Mr. Burns tried to change, he "couldn't help being himself". Professional wrestler Bret Hart made a cameo as himself, animated in his pink wrestling outfit. "The Old Man and the Lisa" contains cultural references to the television series That Girl and the film Invasion of the Body Snatchers. It was positively received by critics and won the Environmental Media Award for "TV Episodic Comedy".
Plot
Lisa collects recyclables to earn money for the Junior Achievers Club school trip to Albany. Mr. Burns speaks to the club at Springfield Elementary School, scoffing when Lisa suggests his nuclear power plant start a recycling program. When Burns boasts that he would not be filthy rich if he listened to nature lovers like her, Lisa counters that his net worth is only half what he claims. When pressed, Smithers reluctantly tells Burns he has considerably less money even than that.
Burns soon realizes he is nearly broke because his sycophantic advisers tell him only what he wants to hear. He is oblivious to the 1929 stock market crash, neglecting to check his stock ticker since September 1929. He aggressively invests in blue chip stocks, but makes bad investments and goes bankrupt. The bank forecloses on the plant — putting Lenny in charge — and sells his mansion to pro wrestler Bret Hart. Meanwhile, Principal Skinner ends the Junior Achievers Club's recyclables collection after they are rewarded seventy-five cents for collecting half a ton of newspaper, but Lisa decides to continue regardless.
Burns moves in with Smithers and insists on being helpful, but Smithers insists that he relax after witnessing him accidentally smash crockery whilst trying to wash up. Left to his own devices, Burns decides to go grocery shopping. At the supermarket he is confused by the difference between ketchup and catsup, so the grocer commits him to the Springfield Retirement Castle, finding his brief time there monotonous. He sees Lisa again at the nursing home and begs her to help rebuild his empire. After incessant pleading, she agrees to help hi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaceward%20Ho%21 | Spaceward Ho! is a turn-based science fiction computer strategy game that was written by Peter Commons, designed by Joe Williams and published by Delta Tao Software. The first version was released in 1990, and further upgrades followed regularly; the current version, 5.0.5, was released on July 8, 2003. It has received wide recognition in the Macintosh community, for example being inducted into the Macworld Game Hall of Fame.
Spaceward Ho! can be categorized in the 4X game genre (eXplore, eXpand, eXploit, eXterminate) with a theme of galactic conquest. It took many elements of its design from the earlier Reach for the Stars, but expanded on many of that game's basic themes while taking advantage of the larger memory and better graphics available on the Mac platform.
Version 5 is available for iOS, Android, Classic Mac OS, and Mac OS X versions before 10.7 (there is no universal binary) and Palm OS. Version 4 is also available for Windows and version 2 for Amiga.
Gameplay
The gameplay of Spaceward Ho! focuses on efficiently extracting the resources of conquered worlds while correctly anticipating and countering opponents' actions.
Spaceward Ho! can be played against a computer AI, or against other human players over the internet (via spacewardho.net). Previous versions of the game allowed also LAN-based networked play, but this feature has been disabled in the Mac OS X version. It has a very simple gameplay compared with most other games in the genre (such as Master of Orion). Depending on the initial settings, games take from about ten minutes to an hour. Its small but dedicated fanbase considers the simplicity to be elegance, and its designers boast that it has gotten faster and more intuitive to play with each new version. All unnecessary complexity has been stripped from the game, resulting in a fast-paced game that still manages to be very engaging.
The core of the game is the two-dimensional map of "planets". Each "planet" has three characteristics: temperature, gravity, and metal. Temperature and gravity are both used to determine how fast colonies can grow and how large they can become (based on the preferred temperature and gravity for the colonizer, which is different for each player); the difference is that a player may spend money to change the temperature ("terraforming") while gravity cannot be changed. Colonies with low population take a certain amount of money per turn to support, while colonies with high population earn money for their owner. Metal can, with money expenditure, be mined for use with shipbuilding. A planet's stats are unknown until explored (to get current info on a planet, a player must have ships in orbit with no enemies present). Travel between planets is via hyperspace (ships cannot encounter each other except at planets), and the time it takes depends on the distance between the origin and the destination on the map, as well as on the speed of the ship in question.
Ships are built with money ( |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qrpff | qrpff is a Perl script created by Keith Winstein and Marc Horowitz of the MIT SIPB. It performs DeCSS in six or seven lines. The name itself is an encoding of "decss" in rot-13. The algorithm was rewritten 77 times to condense it down to six lines.
In fact, two versions of qrpff exist: a short version (6 lines) and a fast version (7 lines). Both appear below.
Short:
#!/usr/bin/perl
# 472-byte qrpff, Keith Winstein and Marc Horowitz <sipb-iap-dvd@mit.edu>
# MPEG 2 PS VOB file -> descrambled output on stdout.
# usage: perl -I <k1>:<k2>:<k3>:<k4>:<k5> qrpff
# where k1..k5 are the title key bytes in least to most-significant order
s''$/=\2048;while(<>){G=29;R=142;if((@a=unqT="C*",_)[20]&48){D=89;_=unqb24,qT,@
b=map{ord qB8,unqb8,qT,_^$a[--D]}@INC;s/...$/1$&/;Q=unqV,qb25,_;H=73;O=$b[4]<<9
|256|$b[3];Q=Q>>8^(P=(E=255)&(Q>>12^Q>>4^Q/8^Q))<<17,O=O>>8^(E&(F=(S=O>>14&7^O)
^S*8^S<<6))<<9,_=(map{U=_%16orE^=R^=110&(S=(unqT,"\xb\ntd\xbz\x14d")[_/16%8]);E
^=(72,@z=(64,72,G^=12*(U-2?0:S&17)),H^=_%64?12:0,@z)[_%8]}(16..271))[_]^((D>>=8
)+=P+(~F&E))for@a[128..$#a]}print+qT,@a}';s/[D-HO-U_]/\$$&/g;s/q/pack+/g;eval
Fast:
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
# 531-byte qrpff-fast, Keith Winstein and Marc Horowitz <sipb-iap-dvd@mit.edu>
# MPEG 2 PS VOB file on stdin -> descrambled output on stdout
# arguments: title key bytes in least to most-significant order
$_='while(read+STDIN,$_,2048){$a=29;$b=73;$c=142;$t=255;@t=map{$_%16or$t^=$c^=(
$m=(11,10,116,100,11,122,20,100)[$_/16%8])&110;$t^=(72,@z=(64,72,$a^=12*($_%16
-2?0:$m&17)),$b^=$_%64?12:0,@z)[$_%8]}(16..271);if((@a=unx"C*",$_)[20]&48){$h
=5;$_=unxb24,join"",@b=map{xB8,unxb8,chr($_^$a[--$h+84])}@ARGV;s/...$/1$&/;$
d=unxV,xb25,$_;$e=256|(ord$b[4])<<9|ord$b[3];$d=$d>>8^($f=$t&($d>>12^$d>>4^
$d^$d/8))<<17,$e=$e>>8^($t&($g=($q=$e>>14&7^$e)^$q*8^$q<<6))<<9,$_=$t[$_]^
(($h>>=8)+=$f+(~$g&$t))for@a[128..$#a]}print+x"C*",@a}';s/x/pack+/g;eval
The fast version is actually fast enough to decode a movie in real-time.
qrpff and related memorabilia was sold for $2,500 at The Algorithm Auction, the world's first auction of computer algorithms.
References
External links
qrpff (fast) explained
Gallery of CSS descramblers
Perl
Cryptography law
Digital rights management circumvention software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberchondria | Cyberchondria, otherwise known as compucondria, is the unfounded escalation of concerns about common symptomology based on review of search results and literature online. Articles in popular media position cyberchondria anywhere from temporary neurotic excess to adjunct hypochondria. Cyberchondria is a growing concern among many healthcare practitioners as patients can now research any and all symptoms of a rare disease, illness or condition, and manifest a state of medical anxiety.
Derivation and use
The term "cyberchondria" is a portmanteau neologism derived from the terms cyber- and hypochondria. (The term "hypochondrium" derives from Greek and literally means the region below the "cartilage" or "breast bone.") Researchers at Harris Interactive clarified the etymology of cyberchondria, and state in studies and interviews that the term is not necessarily intended to be pejorative.
A review in the British Medical Journal publication Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry from 2003 says cyberchondria was used in 2001 in an article in the United Kingdom newspaper The Independent to describe "the excessive use of internet health sites to fuel health anxiety." The BBC also used cyberchondria in April, 2001. The BMJ review also cites the 1997 book from Elaine Showalter, who writes the internet is a new way to spread "pathogenic ideas" like Gulf War syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis. Patients with cyberchondria and patients of general hypochondriasis often are convinced they have disorders "with common or ambiguous symptoms."
Studies
Online search behaviors and their influences
The first systematic study of cyberchondria, reported in November 2008, was performed by Microsoft researchers Ryen White and Eric Horvitz, who conducted a large-scale study that included several phases of analysis. White and Horvitz defined cyberchondria as the “unfounded escalation of concerns about common symptomatology, based on the review of search results and literature on the Web.” They analyzed a representative crawl of the web for co-occurrences of symptoms with diseases in web content as well as the content returned as search results from queries on symptoms and found high rates of linkage of rare, concerning diseases (e.g., brain tumor) to common symptoms (e.g., headache). They also analyzed anonymized large-scale logs of queries to all of the popular search engines and noted the commonality of escalations of queries from common complaints to queries on concerning diseases. They also found that potentially disruptive querying about disorders (arrived at via a search escalation) could continue in other sessions over days, weeks, and months, and that the queries could disrupt non-medical search activities.
White and Horvitz conducted a survey of over 500 people that confirmed the prevalence of web-induced medical anxieties. The survey noted that a significant portion of subjects considered the ranking of a list of results on a medical query as l |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniscope | Uniscope was a class of computer terminals made by Sperry Rand Corporation, Univac Division, and successors since 1964 that were normally used to communicate with Univac mainframes. As such, it was the successor to various models of Teletype. Due to the text color on the original models, these terminals are informally known as green screen terminals.
Unlike Teletype terminals, the Uniscope minimizes the number of I/O interrupts required by accepting large blocks of data, and uses a high speed proprietary communications interface, using coaxial cable and hardware devices known as multiplexors. A Uniscope operator awaits a prompt from the remote mainframe. The prompt indicates that the mainframe is ready to receive input. The operator enters data, offline from the mainframe, and then presses the Transmit button. The terminal locks the keyboard and sends to the mainframe what the operator entered. All the data goes in a single transmission and that causes a single interrupt at the mainframe. Eventually, the mainframe responds, sometimes with a single line; other times with a screen-load of data. And the cycle repeats.
Models
Uniscope was a registered trade mark for a set of Sperry Univac dumb terminal products. The trademark was applied for October 13, 1969. Several models were produced: the Uniscope 100, Uniscope 200, Uniscope 300, the UTS 400, the UTS 10, the UTS 20, the UTS 30, the UTS 40 and the color UTS 60. The UTS 10, UTS 20, UTS 30, UTS 40 and the color UTS 60 were "intelligent terminals" powered by 8-bit microprocessors. There was also the UTS 4000 cluster controller and terminal line, and the SVT-1120. Various models supported 16x64, 12x80, and 24x80 display formats. The UTS 4000 line had a COBOL compiler available that made it possible to do local processing in the cluster controller, and the UTS 60 was also capable of being programmed. This line of terminals roughly paralleled the similar IBM product, the IBM 3270. The UTS-400-TE was specialized terminal that had a powerful text editing program burned into firmware intended at first to allow for the editing of simple copy such as that for a newspaper, and later adapted as a prototype word processor with 8-inch floppy disks and letter-quality daisy wheel printers.
Technical details
All members of the Uniscope product line used a variant of the Binary Synchronous Communications protocol. Groups of terminals were generally dropped off a common communications line via a multiplexer (mux) and identified by remote identifier and station identifier symbols. Some terminals may have been equipped with peripheral devices such as printers and recording devices (cartridge tape or floppy disk) which were identified on the communications line by a device identifier. Terminals on a drop were sequentially polled for traffic, sometimes with a general poll to which any terminal with traffic could respond. A fairly complex data presentation protocol permitted application programmers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All%20Together%20Now%20%281991%20Australian%20TV%20series%29 | All Together Now was an Australian sitcom that was broadcast on Nine Network between 1991 and 1993. The premise involved an aging rocker, played by Jon English trying to maintain his music career while living with his son and daughter. For an undetermined number of initial episodes filmed prior to public broadcast, the show title was "Rhythm and Blues" and had a different theme song.
Cast
Jon English as "Bobby Rivers"
Rebecca Gibney as "Tracy Lawson" (Eps 1–86)
Steven Jacobs as "Thomas Sumner"
Jane Hall as "Anna Sumner"
Garry Who as "Doug Stevens" (Eps 1–76)
Bruno Lucia as "Wayne Lovett"
Kerry Armstrong as "Beth Sumner" (Eps 85–101)
Awards
At the 1992 Logie Awards, the show and its actors were nominated for four awards:
The show (Light Entertainment/Comedy Program)
Rebecca Gibney (Most Popular Actress, and Most Popular Light Entertainment/Comedy Female Performer)
Jon English (Most Popular Light Entertainment/Comedy Male Performer)
The show was also nominated at the 1993 Logie Awards, for Most Popular Comedy Program, as was Jon English for Most Popular Comedy Personality.
Home Media
Series 2 is still currently available on DVD and The Complete Series is available on Umbrella Streaming Service and Amazon Prime Video.
See also
List of Nine Network programs
List of Australian television series
References
External links
Australian television sitcoms
Nine Network original programming
Television shows set in Melbourne
1991 Australian television series debuts
1993 Australian television series endings |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bart%20Gets%20an%20Elephant | "Bart Gets an Elephant" is the seventeenth episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 31, 1994. In this episode, Bart wins a radio contest and is awarded a full-grown African elephant that he names Stampy. After Stampy wrecks the Simpsons' house and eats all the food, Homer decides to sell Stampy to an ivory dealer. Bart runs away with Stampy to save his pet, but the family finds the two at a museum exhibit, where Homer sinks into a tar pit. Homer is saved by Stampy, and so gives the elephant away to an animal refuge instead.
The episode was written by John Swartzwelder, and directed by Jim Reardon. It introduced the fictional elephant Stampy, and marks the first appearance of the recurring character Cletus Spuckler. The episode features cultural references to the songs "Sixteen Tons" and "Do-Re-Mi", and the La Brea Tar Pits cluster of tar pits located in Hancock Park in Los Angeles, California.
Since airing, the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics. It acquired a Nielsen rating of 10.7, and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired.
Plot
Bart wins a contest on Bill and Marty's radio show, and chooses the joke prize of a full-grown African elephant. Word spreads throughout town about Bill and Marty's refusal to give Bart an elephant, leading to a flood of angry mail and letter bombs from the station's listeners. Bill and Marty's boss gives them an ultimatum: either find an elephant for Bart or lose their jobs to an automated DJ. They find an elephant and leave it on the Simpsons' front lawn.
Bart names his new elephant Stampy and ties him to a post in the backyard. Lisa complains that keeping an elephant as a pet is cruel, while Homer worries that Stampy is too expensive to keep. Initially feeding Stampy on complimentary peanuts from Moe's Tavern and leaves from a public park, Homer attempts to offset Stampy's food costs, Bart and Homer exhibit him by charging customers to pet and ride him. After still failing to cover his budget, and driving away customers by raising admission fees into the thousands, Homer and Marge decide that Stampy must go.
A representative of a game reserve tells the Simpsons that the acres of open land on the reserve would be an ideal habitat for the elephant, but Homer rejects this idea because it includes no financial profit. Mr. Blackheart, a wildlife poacher, offers to buy Stampy. Homer eagerly agrees, but Bart and Lisa disapprove because Blackheart openly admits to being an ivory dealer.
Just as Homer and Blackheart reach a deal, Bart and Stampy run off and wreak havoc throughout Springfield. Initially misled by the trail of destruction left by a hurricane, the family finds them at the Springfield Tar Pits, where Homer gets stuck in a tar pit. After pulling Barney Gumble from the pit, Stampy frees Homer, who reluctantly agrees to donate the elephant |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scene%2023 | Scene 23 was an American pop group formed by the winners of the reality television series Popstars 2, which aired on The WB Television Network in the fall of 2001.
The original lineup of Scene 23 consisted of six members, three males and three females: Josh Henderson (background vocals), Donavan Green (lead vocals), Moises Juarez (background vocals), Monika Christian (lead and background vocals), Laurie Gidosh (lead and background vocals), who would later go by Lauriana Mae, and Dorothy Szamborska (background vocals). During the run of the show, producers David Stanley and Scott Stone kicked Moises Juarez out of the group.
Scene 23 only recorded seven tracks for the series soundtrack album, Popstars 2: Introducing Scene 23. The album was heavily padded with covers from other artists, and included several tracks of people talking about the Popstars audition process set to music. While the track "I Really Don’t Think So" was chosen as the first single and the group filmed a music video for the song, it was only released commercially as a single by the Dutch band K-otic. Their version appeared on their debut album Bulletproof as part of the Dutch show Starmaker.
Discography
2001: Music From The Show Popstars 2: Introducing Scene 23
"I Wanna Be A Popstar"
"He Said She Said"
"The Greatest"
"I Really Don't Think So"
"All This Love"
"What She Got"
"Another Night"
"Respect Me"
"Nervewracking"
"I Believe I Can Fly"
"Judged"
"I Still Believe"
"I Wanna Know"
"Boot Camp"
American pop music groups
Popstars winners
Musical groups established in 2001
Musical groups disestablished in 2002 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical%20Atlas%20of%20China%20%281980%29 | Historical Atlas of China () is a 2-volume work published in Taiwan in 1980 and 1983.
The volumes are:
Historical territories.
Major cities, economic maps, irrigation and transportation networks, social changes, artifacts, wars.
Unlike many other historical maps that placed emphasis on placenames, this set of maps contained many restorations of historical sites.
China
History books about China
1980 non-fiction books
1983 non-fiction books
Geographic history of China |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berg%20connector | Berg connector is a brand of electrical connector used in computer hardware. Berg connectors are manufactured by Berg Electronics Corporation of St. Louis, Missouri, now part of Amphenol.
Overview
Berg connectors have a pitch, pins are square, and usually come as single or double row connectors.
Many types of Berg connectors exist. Some of the more familiar ones used in IBM PC compatibles are:
the four-pin polarized Berg connectors used to connect 3½-inch floppy disk drive units to the power supply unit, usually referred to as simply a "floppy power connector", but often also referred to as LP4. This connector has a pitch (not 2.54 mm).
the two-pin Berg connectors used to connect the front panel lights, turbo switch, and reset button to the motherboard.
the two-pin Berg connectors used as jumpers for motherboard configuration.
Floppy drive power connector
The power connector on the 3½-inch floppy drive, informally known as "the Berg connector", is 2.50 mm pitch (distance from center to center of pins).
The power cable from the ATX power supply consists of 20 AWG wire to a 4-pin female connector. The plastic connector housing is most often white, as shown (TE Connectivity / AMP 171822-4), but black is also common. Other colours are rarer. The part numbers used for the female contact pins depends on the detailed design, the surface coating (for example tinned or gold plated) and the form of supply. Example part numbers are any of TE Connectivity / AMP 170204-* (loose pieces) or 170262-* (pieces supplied in strips), where * is 1 or 2 or 4.
The male PCB connector on the 3½-inch floppy drive is normally a polarized right-angle male header, which is a TE Connectivity / AMP 171826-4, the straight model is AMP 171825-4.
The shape of the connector housing makes it very easy to determine the pin number allocations by visual inspection.
Company history
In 1998, Berg Electronics was acquired by FCI (Framatome Connectors International) for $1.85 billion. In 2016, FCI Asia Pte was acquired by Amphenol.
See also
Electrical connector
DC connector
Insulation-displacement connector (IDC)
JST connector
Molex connector
Pin header connector
References
External links
DC power connectors
Computer connectors
Floppy disk computer storage |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution%20stack | In computing, a solution stack or software stack is a set of software subsystems or components needed to create a complete platform such that no additional software is needed to support applications. Applications are said to "run on" or "run on top of" the resulting platform.
For example, to develop a web application, the architect defines the stack as the target operating system, web server, database, and programming language. Another version of a software stack is operating system, middleware, database, and applications. Regularly, the components of a software stack are developed by different developers independently from one another.
Some components/subsystems of an overall system are chosen together often enough that the particular set is referred to by a name representing the whole, rather than by naming the parts. Typically, the name is an acronym representing the individual components.
The term "solution stack" has, historically, occasionally included hardware components as part of a final product, mixing both the hardware and software in layers of support.
A full-stack developer is expected to be able to work in all the layers of the application (front-end and back-end). A full-stack developer can be defined as a developer or an engineer who works with both the front and back end development of a website, web application or desktop application. This means they can lead platform builds that involve databases, user-facing websites, and working with clients during the planning phase of projects.
Examples
BCHS
OpenBSD (operating system)
C (programming language)
httpd (web server)
SQLite (database)
ELK
Elasticsearch (search engine)
Logstash (event and log management tool)
Kibana (data visualization)
Ganeti
Xen or KVM (hypervisor)
Linux with LVM (mass-storage device management)
Distributed Replicated Block Device (storage replication)
Ganeti (virtual machine cluster management tool)
Ganeti Web Manager (web interface)
GLASS
GemStone (database and application server)
Linux (operating system)
Apache (web server)
Smalltalk (programming language)
Seaside (web framework)
GRANDstack
GraphQL (data query and manipulation language)
React (web application presentation)
Apollo (Data Graph Platform)
Neo4j (database management systems)
Jamstack
JavaScript (programming language)
APIs (Application programming interfaces)
Markup (content)
LAMP
Linux (operating system)
Apache (web server)
MySQL or MariaDB (database management systems)
Perl, PHP, or Python (scripting languages)
LAPP
Linux (operating system)
Apache (web server)
PostgreSQL (database management systems)
Perl, PHP, or Python (scripting languages)
LEAP
Linux (operating system)
Eucalyptus (free and open-source alternative to the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud)
AppScale (cloud computing-framework and free and open-source alternative to Google App Engine)
Python (programming language)
LEMP/LNMP
Linux (operating system)
Nginx (web server)
MyS |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind%27s%20eye%20%28disambiguation%29 | The phrase mind's eye refers to the human ability for visualization.
Mind's eye may also refer to:
Film, television and radio
Mind's Eye (film series), a series of computer-animated films
Mind's Eye (radio series), a set of five dramas about the paranormal
The Mind's Eye (film), a 2015 action-horror film about telekinetics
The Mind's Eye (radio company), an American radio theater company
The Mind's Eye & Mission of the Viyrans, a pair of Doctor Who audio stories
Mind's Eye (aka The Black Hole), a 2016 film with Dean Cain
Television episodes
"Mind's Eye" (Men of a Certain Age)
"Mind's Eye" (The X-Files)
"The Mind's Eye" (Star Trek: The Next Generation)
"Mind's Eye", an episode of Women: Stories of Passion
Literature
Mind's Eye (novel), a 1999 novel by Paul Fleischman
The Mind's Eye (book), a 2010 book by Oliver Sacks
The Mind's Eye (novel), a 1993 novel by Håkan Nesser
Engineering and the Mind's Eye, a 1992 book by Eugene S. Ferguson
Music
Mind's Eye (album), a 1986 album by Vinnie Moore, or the title song
Mind's Eye (band), a Swedish progressive metal band with Johan Niemann
"Mind's Eye" (song), a song by Wolfmother
"Mind's Eye", a song by Goldfinger from Goldfinger
"Mind's Eye", a song by Josh Ritter from The Historical Conquests of Josh Ritter
The Mind's Eye (album), a 1994 album by Stiltskin
"The Mind's Eye", a song by Dark Tranquillity from The Mind's I
"The Mind's Eye", a song by Haken from Visions
"Mind's Eye", a song by DC Talk from Jesus Freak
"Mind's Eye", a song by Joe Morris from Elsewhere
Other uses
Mind's Eye (US military), a video-analysis research project
Mind's Eye Theatre, a live action role-playing game
Mind's Eye, a site in the Cayman Islands on the 2012 World Monuments Watch list
See also
Aphantasia, the inability to create mental imagery
The Mind's I, a 1981 book by Douglas R. Hofstadter and Daniel C. Dennett
The Mind's I (album), a 1996 album by Dark Tranquillity
My Mind's Eye (disambiguation)
Third eye or inner eye, a mystical and esoteric concept |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Society%20of%20Caricature%20Artists | The International Society of Caricature Artists (previously known as the National Caricaturist Network) is an international non-profit trade association founded in 1989. Its mission is to elevate the art and artists of caricature, promote the art of caricature, educate the public and the media about the art of caricature and to provide its members with helpful information about caricature as an art form as well as a profession. The ISCA currently (2021) has close to 500 members from around the world. Members receive the quarterly magazine, Exaggerated Features, which has articles about caricaturing, featured artists tips and stories as well as other useful information about caricature illustration. The ISCA annual conference is held each year in a different location. The conferences features a guest speaker, lectures, seminars, competitions, awards and the camaraderie of peers in the art of caricature drawing.
The quarterly newsletter, Exaggerated Features, is sent to the members and an annual conference is held for socialization as well as education and competition.
History
The NCN was formed by Wallace "Buddy" Rose. Buddy created a forum for caricaturists by providing a quarterly newsletter and annual convention. The original goal was to create an organization that would seek out charitable and mutual benefits for united artists. It operated briefly as a booking agency until filing its application in compliance with article 5154a making it a trade union in 1994. In 1995 the new constitution was ratified in San Antonio, TX, the NCN was granted non-profit status, and the first election was held. In 2005, the NCN was changed into a non-profit, unincorporated association.
The association boasts some of the most recognizable names in the industry as members and friends of the NCN. Jack Davis, Sergio Aragones, Mort Drucker and Tom Richmond of Mad Magazine, Jan Op De Beeck, Maria Bolton, Sam Norkin, Rudy Cristiano, Bruce Blitz, C. F. Payne, Pancho Willmarth, Mike Peters, Steve Silver and Sebastian Krüger have all been keynote speakers and/or members. Many NCN members are accomplished as artists not only in caricaturing, but in other artistic fields as well.
The NCN officially changed its name to the International Society of Caricature Artists in 2009 to better reflect its international growth and presence. As of 2010 it has over 600 members worldwide. In recent years the International Society of Caricature Artists annual convention has featured guests of honor such as Sam Viviano, Dan Adel, Tom Richmond, Hermann Mejia, Mark Fredrickson, Bill Plympton, Maria Picassó i Piquer and Lindsey Olivares of The Mitchells vs. The Machines.
Due to the Pandemic, in 2020 the ISCA Convention was held only virtually on the online platform Discord.
In 2021, ISCA celebrated its 30th anniversary in Las Vegas.
Golden Nosey Winners
Every year at the ISCA Convention (ISCAcon), all of the participants vote for the best caricature artist of the year, upon several ot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application%20analyst | In the US, an application analyst (also applications systems analyst) is someone whose job is to support a given application or applications. This may entail some computer programming, some system administration skills, and the ability to analyze a given problem, diagnose it and find its root cause, and then either solve it or pass the problem on to the relevant people if it does not lie within the application analyst's area of responsibility. Typically an application analyst will be responsible for supporting bespoke (i.e. custom) applications programmed with a variety of programming languages and using a variety of database systems, middleware systems and the like. It is a form of 3rd level technical support/help desk. The role may or may not involve some customer contact but most often it involves getting some description of the problem from help desk, making a diagnosis and then either creating a fix or passing the problem on to someone who is responsible for the actual problem area.
In some companies, an application analyst is a software architect.
Overview
Depending on the Industry, an application analyst will apply subject matter expertise by verifying design documents, execute testing for new functionality, and defect fixes. Additional responsibilities can include being a liaison between business stakeholders and IT developers. Also, providing clarifications on system requirements and design for integrating-application teams. An application analyst will interface with multiple channels (depending on scope) to provide demos and application walk-throughs and training. An application analyst will align with IT resources to ensure high quality deliverables utilizing agile methodology for rapid delivery technology enablers. Participating in the change request management process to field, document, and communicate responses feedback is also common within an application analyst's responsibilities.
Application systems analysts consult with management and help develop software to fit clients' needs. Application systems analyst must provide accurate, quality analyses of new program applications, as well as conduct testing, locate potential problems, and solve them in an efficient manner. Clients' needs may vary widely (for example, they may work in the medical field or in the securities industry), and staying up to date with software and technology trends in their field are essential.
Companies that require analysts are mostly in the fields of business, accounting, security, and scientific engineering. Application systems analysts work with other analysts and program designers, as well as managers and clients. These analysts generally work in an office setting, but there are exceptions when clients may need services at their office or home. Application systems analysts usually work full time, although they may need to work nights and weekends to resolve emerging issues or when deadlines approach; some companies may require analysts to be on c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3%20B%C3%A9l%C3%A1dy | László "Les" Bélády (born April 29, 1928, in Budapest; died November 6, 2021) was a Hungarian computer scientist notable for devising the Bélády's Min theoretical memory caching algorithm in 1966 while working at IBM Research. He also demonstrated the existence of a Bélády's anomaly. During the 1980s, he was the editor-in-chief of the IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.
Education
Bélády earned B.S. in Mechanical Engineering, then an M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering at the Technical University of Budapest in 1950.
Life and career
He left Hungary after the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Then he worked as a draftsman at Ford Motor Company in Cologne and as an aerodynamics engineer at Dassault in Paris. In 1961, he immigrated to the United States. In the 1960s and 1970s, he primarily lived in New York City with stints in California and England, where he joined International Business Machines and did early work in operating systems, virtual machine architectures, program behavior modeling, memory management, computer graphics, Asian character sets, and data security.
From 1961 – 1981, he worked at IBM Corp. at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center, where he worked as program manager for software technology. In his later years at IBM, he was responsible for software engineering worldwide until leaving for Tokyo to create its software research lab. In 1981, he worked as manager of software engineering at Japan Science Institute for two years. In 1984, he joined the Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation in Austin and founded its Software Technology Program. He focused the program on creating advanced technology for aiding the distributed design of large complex software systems. From 1991 to 1998, he served as president and CEO of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. (MERL). He has been in various University advisory roles including a member of the computer science advisory board at the University of Colorado at Boulder and foreign member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In his retirement he spent much of his time in Budapest and Austin.
Attainment
Bélády is known for the "Belady Algorithm", the OPT (or MIN) Page Replacement Algorithm.
He co-designed and built IBM M44/44X, an experimental machine which is the first computer with multiple virtual machine organization. He is co-founder of an industrial research consortium, the MCC. Bélády also participated in the design of the earliest commercial time-sharing systems, the TSS-67.
Awards
1969 & 1973: IBM Outstanding Contribution Awards
1988: IEEE "for contributions to the design of large software systems"
1990: J. D. Warnier Prize for Excellence in Information
Publications
Belady, Laszlo A., "A Study of Replacement Algorithms for a Virtual Storage Computer," IBM Systems Journal, Vol. 5, No. 2 June 1966, pp. 78–10.
Belady, Laszlo A., and Meir L. Lehman, Program Evolution, Processes of Software Change, Academic Press, London, 1985.
References
1928 births
2021 d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptop%20cooler | A laptop/notebook cooler, cooling pad, cooler pad or chill mat is an accessory for laptop computers intended to reduce their operating temperature when the laptop is unable to sufficiently cool itself. Laptop coolers are intended to protect both the laptop from overheating and the user from suffering heat related discomfort. A cooling pad may house active or passive cooling methods and rests beneath the laptop. Active coolers move air or liquid to direct heat away from the laptop quickly, while passive methods may rely on thermally conductive materials or increasing passive airflow.
Active coolers
Active laptop coolers utilize small fans to enhance airflow around the laptop's chassis, aiding in the convection of heat away from the device. These coolers typically incorporate between one and six fans, helping regulate temperature. Coolers typically run on power drawn through one of the laptop's USB ports, with some models featuring integrated USB hubs so as not to consume one of the laptop's often limited number of USB ports.
Some active coolers draw heat from the underside of the computer; others work in the opposite way – by blowing cool air towards the machine. The fan speed is adjusted manually or automatically on certain models and on others stays at a fixed speed.
Poorly designed coolers may use fans which draw more current than allowed by the USB standard. Without correct protection, such devices can cause damage to the USB power supply.
Inside the laptop, the USB power-supply has to output an additional amount of watts for the USB-powered fan, thus generating a small amount of additional heat. This additional heat generation is usually insignificant in relation to the amount of heat a fan moves away from the laptop.
Some high-end active coolers have blowers instead of fans, with filters to stop dust from entering the laptop, and have seals between the cooler and laptop surfaces to prevent recirculation of hot air from entering the laptop.
Passive coolers
Typically, a conductive cooling pad allows for the cooling of a laptop without using any power. These "pads" are normally filled with an organic salt compound that allows them to absorb the heat from the laptop. They are good for a limited amount of time from around 6–8 hours of cooling. Other designs are simply a pad that elevates the laptop so that the fans in the laptop are allowed greater airflow.
Conductive cooling pads are not advisable for laptops that have fan vents built into the underside; the cooling pad blocks the vents, leading to overheating or premature system failure. The best way to determine if a cooling pad would be suitable for a particular laptop would be to look for air vents or fan vents on the laptop. If they are on the side and not on the bottom, it is usually safe to use the cooler pad; otherwise, it may not be safe to use a conductive cooler pad.
Multi-surface cooler
A multi-surface cooler is a sub-type of passive cooler. It allows airflow both betwee |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro%20Ethernet | A metropolitan-area Ethernet, Ethernet MAN, or metro Ethernet network is a metropolitan area network (MAN) that is based on Ethernet standards. It is commonly used to connect subscribers to a larger service network or for internet access. Businesses can also use metropolitan-area Ethernet to connect their own offices to each other.
An Ethernet interface is typically more economical than a synchronous digital hierarchy (SONET/SDH) or plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) interface of the same bandwidth. Another distinct advantage of an Ethernet-based access network is that it can be easily connected to the customer network, due to the prevalent use of Ethernet in corporate and residential networks.
A typical service provider's network is a collection of switches and routers connected through optical fiber. The topology could be a ring, hub-and-spoke (star), or full or partial mesh. The network will also have a hierarchy: core, distribution (aggregation), and access. The core in most cases is an existing IP/MPLS backbone but may migrate to newer forms of Ethernet transport in the form of 10 Gbit/s, 40 Gbit/s, or 100 Gbit/s speeds or even possibly 400 Gbit/s to Terabit Ethernet network in the future.
Ethernet on the MAN can be used as pure Ethernet, Ethernet over SDH, Ethernet over Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), or Ethernet over DWDM. Ethernet-based deployments with no other underlying transport are cheaper but are harder to implement in a resilient and scalable manner, which has limited its use to small-scale or experimental deployments. SDH-based deployments are useful when there is an existing SDH infrastructure already in place; its main shortcoming is the loss of flexibility in bandwidth management due to the rigid hierarchy imposed by the SDH network. MPLS-based deployments are costly but highly reliable and scalable and are typically used by large service providers.
Metropolitan area networks
Familiar network domains are likely to exist regardless of the transport technology chosen to implement metropolitan area networks: Access, aggregation/distribution, and core.
Access devices normally exist at a customer's premises, unit, or wireless base station. This is the network that connects customer equipment, and may include optical network terminal (ONT), a residential gateway, or office router.
Aggregation occurs on a distribution network such as an ODN segment. Often passive optical network, microwave or digital subscriber line technologies are employed, but some of them using point-to-point Ethernet over "home-run" direct fibre. This part of the network includes nodes such as Multi Tenanted Unit switches, optical line terminals in an outside plant or central office cabinet, Ethernet in the first mile equipment, or provider bridges.
A MAN may include the transport technologies MPLS, PBB-TE and T-MPLS, each with its own resiliency and management techniques.
A core network often uses IP-MPLS to connect different MANs together.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20%28data%20page%29 | This page provides supplementary data to the article properties of water.
Further comprehensive authoritative data can be found at the NIST Webbook page on thermophysical properties of fluids.
Structure and properties
Thermodynamic properties
Liquid physical properties
Water/steam equilibrium properties
Vapor pressure formula for steam in equilibrium with liquid water:
where P is equilibrium vapor pressure in kPa, and T is temperature in kelvins.
For T = 273 K to 333 K: A = 7.2326; B = 1750.286; C = 38.1.
For T = 333 K to 423 K: A = 7.0917; B = 1668.21; C = 45.1.
Data in the table above is given for water–steam equilibria at various temperatures over the entire temperature range at which liquid water can exist. Pressure of the equilibrium is given in the second column in kPa. The third column is the heat content of each gram of the liquid phase relative to water at 0 °C. The fourth column is the heat of vaporization of each gram of liquid that changes to vapor. The fifth column is the work PΔV done by each gram of liquid that changes to vapor. The sixth column is the density of the vapor.
Melting point of ice at various pressures
Data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed., p. 2390
Table of various forms of ice
‡Ice XI triple point is theoretical and has never been obtained
Phase diagram
Water with dissolved NaCl
Note: ρ is density, n is refractive index at 589 nm, and η is viscosity, all at 20 °C; Teq is the equilibrium temperature between two phases: ice/liquid solution for Teq < 0–0.1 °C and NaCl/liquid solution for Teq above 0.1 °C.
Self-ionization
Spectral data
Self-diffusion coefficients
Additional data translated from German "Wasser (Stoffdaten)" page
The data that follows was copied and translated from the German language Wikipedia version of this page (which has moved to here). It provides supplementary physical, thermodynamic, and vapor pressure data, some of which is redundant with data in the tables above, and some of which is additional.
Physical and thermodynamic tables
In the following tables, values are temperature-dependent and to a lesser degree pressure-dependent, and are arranged by state of aggregation (s = solid, lq = liquid, g = gas), which are clearly a function of temperature and pressure. All of the data were computed from data given in "Formulation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for Scientific and General Use" (IAPWS , 1984) (obsolete as of 1995). This applies to:
T – temperature in degrees Celsius
V – specific volume in cubic decimeters per kilogram (1 dm3 is equivalent to 1 liter)
H – specific enthalpy in kilojoules per kilogram
U – specific internal energy in kilojoules per kilogram
S – specific entropy in kilojoules per kilogram-kelvin
cp – specific heat capacity at constant pressure in kilojoules per kilogram-kelvin
γ – Thermal expansion coefficient as 10−3 per kelvin
λ – Heat conductivity in milliwatts per meter-kelvin
η – Viscosi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost%20Our%20Lisa | "Lost Our Lisa" is the twenty-fourth and penultimate episode of the ninth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 10, 1998. The episode contains the last appearance of the character Lionel Hutz. When Lisa learns that Marge cannot give her a ride to the museum and forbids her to take the bus, she tricks Homer into giving her permission. After Lisa gets lost, Homer goes looking for her and the two end up visiting the museum together.
The episode is analyzed in the books Planet Simpson, The Psychology of the Simpsons: D'oh!, and The Simpsons and Philosophy: The D'oh! of Homer, and received positive mention in I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide.
Plot
Bart and Milhouse visit a joke shop, and after Bart tries out some novelty props for his face, they visit Homer at the power plant to borrow his superglue for the props. Meanwhile, Marge and Lisa plan a trip to the Springsonian Museum, so they can see the Egyptian Treasures of Isis exhibit and the Orb of Isis. However, when Bart comes home and shows off his face props that he is now unable to remove, Marge is forced to take him to the hospital and is therefore unable to drive Lisa to the exhibit. She also forbids Lisa to take the bus alone, since it is too dangerous at her age.
Since this is Lisa's last chance to see the exhibit, she calls Homer to ask him if she can take the bus. When he initially seems uncertain, she tricks him into letting her take the bus by suggesting that she could take a limousine instead. However, Lisa boards the wrong bus, with the unsympathetic bus driver dropping her off in the middle of nowhere. At work, Homer tells Lenny and Carl that he let Lisa ride the bus alone. When they point out the error of his judgment, he leaves work to go look for her. He heads to the museum and ends up in downtown Springfield, where Lisa has hitched a ride to from Cletus. He uses a cherrypicker to get up higher. Homer and Lisa spot each other, but the vehicle's wheels creak backwards, and it rolls down a hill. It slides off the edge of a pier at the harbor into a river. Lisa tells the drawbridge operator to close the bridge, so Homer can grab on. His head is caught between the two closing halves, and he survives with nothing more than a few tire marks across his forehead.
Meanwhile, as Bart is examined by Dr. Hibbert, Hibbert tells Bart he will give him a series of painful injections in his spine to get the props off his face. Bart sweats heavily in terror, resulting in the props falling off. Hibbert then explains that terror sweat was the key to removing the superglued props; the "injector" he used is actually a button applicator. When Marge and Bart get home, Marge forces Bart to apologize to Lisa for ruining her trip; as Bart talks to Lisa behind her bedroom door, he is unaware that she is still not home.
With Homer and Lisa re-united, he tells her that it is |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer%20vs.%20the%20Eighteenth%20Amendment | "Homer vs. the Eighteenth Amendment" is the eighteenth episode of the eighth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 16, 1997. In the episode, Springfield enacts prohibition after a raucous Saint Patrick's Day celebration. To supply Moe's speakeasy, Homer becomes a bootlegger. The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Bob Anderson. Dave Thomas guest stars as Rex Banner and Joe Mantegna returns as Fat Tony.
Plot
During St. Patrick's Day, Springfield gathers downtown for events, activities, and alcohol. When Bart accidentally gets drunk during the celebration, a prohibitionist movement emerges. The municipal government, not wanting to alienate voters during election season, agrees to consider a ban. They discover that alcohol has actually been banned in Springfield for two centuries, and moves to enforce the law, prompting Moe to disguise his bar as a pet shop. However, alcohol still continues to flow into the town, due to the mob and with their bribery of the local law enforcers. After a group of staunch prohibitionists discover an intoxicated Chief Wiggum at Moe's speakeasy, he is replaced by Rex Banner, an officer of the U.S. Treasury Department. Banner blockades the city entrance and buries all of the alcohol in a mass grave at the city dump.
In the meantime, Homer figures out a way to keep Moe's bar operating, by becoming a bootlegger. One night, he and Bart sneak out to the city dump to reclaim the beer that was disposed of when the Prohibition law was enacted, escaping Banner in the process. He then sets up shop in his basement pouring the beer into the finger holes of bowling balls. Using an intricate set of pipes under the Bowl-A-Rama, he bowls the balls into Moe's. Upon discovering it, Marge actually believes that it is a very good idea, since Homer is actually using his intellectual faculties and that he is making enough money to support the family, although Lisa questions whether Homer should be breaking the law whether or not it may be arcane or unpopular. The media realizes someone is allowing Springfield's underground alcohol trade to flourish, and they give the still-unknown Homer the nickname, "Beer Baron". Banner's unsuccessful policing of Springfield's Prohibition law and investigation into the Beer Baron's identity sees him miss or overlook blatant clues that the law is being ignored by the town and that Homer is the Beer Baron (which is effectively an open secret to the rest of the town).
When his supply of beer runs out, Homer begins to distill his own homemade liquor. However, his stills begin to explode, due to Homer not knowing how to properly make his own alcohol, and he agrees with Marge to stop when one of the exploding stills sets him on fire. He is then confronted by a desperate ex-Chief Wiggum, who attempts to mug him with the remains of his gun (rendered non-functional after pawning the chamber and trig |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAP | Rapping is a form of vocal delivery in music.
RAP or rap may refer to:
Computing and technology
Rapid Refresh (weather prediction)
Recognized air picture
Remote Application Platform, open source software
Rocket-assisted projectile
Route Access Protocol, an Internet protocol, see List of TCP and UDP port numbers#Ranges
Returned Account Procedure, a GSMA data record format
Healthcare
Right atrial pressure, of the heart
The Recognition and Prevention Program, of psychosis, Glen Oaks, New York, US
People
H. Rap Brown, activist in the Black Power movement in the US
H. Rap Brown Act, the Civil Rights Act of 1968
Rap Reiplinger (1950-1984), Hawaiian comedian
Politics
Rassemblement pour l'alternative progressiste, a political party in Quebec
Rural Alliance Party, former Solomon Islands political party
Other uses
Hip hop music or rap music, a musical genre
RAP, the IATA airport code for Rapid City Regional Airport
Rap (currency), the Romansh name for the sub-unit of the Swiss franc
a counterfeit coin or something of negligible value, especially in Ireland
AVV RAP, a former football club from Amsterdam
RAP sheet (Record of Arrest and Prosecution sheet), a criminal record
Rapper sword, a style of traditional sword-dancing from Northern England
Reconciliation Action Plan, a business plan designed for organisations to improve relations with Indigenous peoples in Australia
Regimental Aid Post, a frontline military establishment for triage on a battlefield
Registered Aboriginal Party in the state of Victoria, Australia
Restricted Area Permit, required for non-Indian people to visit Protected and restricted areas of India
Retirement annuity plan, a type of pension plan in the UK
Rule against perpetuities, a legal rule
See also
Rapp (disambiguation)
Wrap (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHz%20Networks | MHz Networks is an American broadcaster that specializes in international television programming.
Washington, D.C., broadcast operations
MHz (pronounced "M-H-Z") Networks began as a project of the Commonwealth Public Broadcasting Corporation. The broadcaster's original stations were WNVT in Goldvein, Virginia, and WNVC in Fairfax, Virginia, which served the Washington, D.C., television market. International programming began on WNVC in 1996, branded "World View TV". In 2001, the two stations became known as MHz Networks, with WNVC becoming MHz1 and WNVT becoming MHz2.
In the digital television era, WNVC and WNVT placed a set of twelve international news channels on their two signals. The final set of channels consisted of TRT World, CGTN America, CGTN Documentary, Africa Today TV, France 24, CNC World, Arirang, TeleSUR, Deutsche Welle, and Vietnet. Previous channels included NHK World, BVN, Al Jazeera English, Blue Ocean Network, SABC News International, NTA, Ethiopian Television, RT America, RT Spanish, VTV4, Euronews, CNC World, and TRT Türk. Two months before the end of broadcast operations in Washington, on February 1, 2018, RT America was dropped from WNVC's signal, apparently due to concerns that MHz Networks or CPBC would be required to register under the Foreign Agents Registration Act.
In 2013, Commonwealth Public Broadcasting Corporation spun off the MHz Networks unit and sold the WNVC and WNVT towers. On April 1, 2018, MHz Networks exited the Washington, D.C. market after CPBC sold the stations' channel allocations in the Federal Communications Commission's ongoing spectrum reallocation auction.
In November 2022, MHz Networks was acquired by Kino Lorber.
MHz Worldview
MHz Worldview was an independent, American, non-commercial public television network that broadcast newscasts and other programs from around the world. It was owned and operated by MHz Networks.
MHz Worldview offered international newscasts, foreign dramas, music performances, and diversity programming, in English or with subtitles.
The channel was available as a subchannel on several U.S. public TV stations.
On January 8, 2020, MHz Networks announced the closure of MHz Worldview as they transition to digital streaming services. The network shut down at Midnight Eastern Time on March 1, 2020. Near the closure, the many television stations that had programming from MHz switched to different networks. Five stations switched to World Channel, another five to First Nations Experience and another five to DW. MHz Worldview was the main affiliate for WPPT and they switched to PBS. WCFE-TV switched to NHK World-Japan. KMOS-TV started its new independent channel in subchannel 6.3, named KMOS Emerge. KUEN now carries local programming on subchannel 9.2, previously used by MHz Worldview. KWSU-TV removed subchannel 10.3 after MHz Worldview was closed.
Former affiliates
MHz Choice
On October 20, 2015, MHz Networks launched an OTT streaming video on demand SVOD service cal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%20Framework | For 3D computer graphics, the Tao Framework is a C# library giving .NET and Mono developers access to popular graphics and gaming libraries like OpenGL and SDL. It was originally developed by the C# OpenGL programmer Randy Ridge, and since its start many developers have contributed to the project. The latest version of Tao is version 2.1 released on May 1, 2008.
Tao Framework has been superseded by OpenTK.
In 2012, in parallel with the development of OpenTK, a new project called TaoClassic has been introduced on SourceForge, as a direct continuation of Tao Framework, with the same licensing conditions and design disciplines, but with new authors and cutting-edge features, like support for OpenGL 4.3, 64-bit operating systems, etc.
Bindings
Cg 2.0.0.0
DevIL 1.6.8.3
FFmpeg 0.4.9.0
freeglut 2.4.0.2
FreeType 2.3.5.0
GLFW 2.6.0.0
Lua 5.1.3.0
ODE 0.9.0.0
OpenAL 1.1.0.1
OpenGL 2.1.0.12
PhysFS 1.0.1.2
SDL 1.2.13.0
References
External links
3D graphics software
.NET software
Software using the MIT license |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20pen | A digital pen is an input device which captures the handwriting or brush strokes of a user and converts handwritten analog information created using "pen and paper" into digital data, enabling the data to be utilized in various applications. This type of pen is usually used in conjunction with a digital notebook, although the data can also be used for different applications or simply as a graphic.
Smart pen is a more specific term; it has the same basic characteristics, but also has other features like voice recording or a text scanner. A smart pen is generally larger and has more features than an active pen. Digital pens typically contain internal electronics and have features such as touch sensitivity, input buttons, memory for storing handwriting data and transmission capabilities.
Characteristics
The input device captures the handwriting data, that, once digitized, can be uploaded to a computer and displayed on its monitor.
Some pens are equipped with a digital recording device that allows users to use them as intelligent dictation machines. They can be used, for example for students to record the voice of the teacher while taking
Technology groups
Accelerometer
Accelerometer-based digital pens contain components that detect movement of the pen and contact with the writing surface.
Active
Active pens, such as N-trig's DuoSense Pen, include electronic components whose signals are picked up by a mobile device's built-in digitizer and transmitted to its controller, providing data on pen location, pressure, button presses and other functionality.
Positional
Position-based digital pens use a facility to detect the location of the tip during writing. Some models can be found on graphics tablets made popular by Wacom, and on tablet computers using Wacom's Penabled technology.
Camera
Camera-based pens use special digital paper to detect where the stylus contacts the writing surface, such as those using NeoLAB or/and Anoto technology.
Trackball pen
Trackball pens use a sensor that is located on the pen to detect the motion of the trackball.
See also
Active pen
Apple Pencil
Digital paper
Bluetooth
Light pen
List of pen types, brands and companies
Live Ink Character Recognition Solution
Pen computing
Surface Pen
Stylus (computing)
USB
Voice recorder
References
Computer peripherals
Computing input devices
Writing implements
Pens |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashfield%20railway%20station%2C%20Perth | Ashfield railway station is located north-east of Perth railway station, Western Australia. It serves the suburb of Ashfield, and is on the Midland line of Transperth commuter rail network.
History
The station opened as a signal box named Cresco in 1930, with passenger facilities provided in 1954. The signal box remained until 1964.
Construction on a new 83 bay car park started in February 2020. The new car park was needed because 180 bays were permanently removed from Bayswater station in late 2020 due to the construction of the new Bayswater station. Since Ashfield station is in fare zone 2, and Bayswater station is in fare zone 1, catching the train into the city is more expensive from Ashfield. In order to offset the additional cost for passengers going to Ashfield station instead of Bayswater, the parking at Ashfield station is going to be free during the construction of the new Bayswater station. All other stations on the Transperth network have a $2 per day parking fee. The new carpark opened in October 2020.
Rail services
Ashfield railway station is served by the Midland railway line on the Transperth network. This line goes between Midland railway station and Perth railway station. Midland line trains stop at the station every 10 minutes during peak on weekdays, and every 15 minutes during the day outside peak every day of the year except Christmas Day. Trains are half-hourly or hourly at night time. The station saw 143,391 passengers in the 2013-14 financial year.
Bus routes
References
Midland line, Perth
Railway stations in Australia opened in 1954
Transperth railway stations
Ashfield, Western Australia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayswater%20railway%20station%2C%20Perth | Bayswater railway station is a suburban rail station in Bayswater, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. It is on the Midland and Airport lines on the Transperth commuter rail network. Services on each line run every 12 minutes during peak and every 15 minutes between peak. The journey to Perth station is , and takes 12 minutes. The station is served by three regular bus routes.
The station first opened in 1896, with two side platforms, and an adjacent goods yard. It served as the junction station for the Belmont spur line between 1896 and 1956. The station was rebuilt as an island platform just to the north in the late 1960s when the Midland line was converted from narrow gauge to dual gauge; the standard gauge trains were unable to fit between the side platforms. Around that time, the goods yard closed.
A reconstruction of the station began in January 2021 as part of the state government's Metronet project, with the new station located slightly to the south. This is in order to increase the number of platforms to four to accommodate new rail lines, and raise the height of the nearby low-clearance Bayswater Subway to . The previous station closed on 31 March 2023 and the first half of the new station opened on 8 October 2023. The station became a junction station again when the Airport line opened on 9 October 2022; the Morley–Ellenbrook line will also split at Bayswater when it opens in 2024, by which time the second half of Bayswater station will be complete.
Description
Bayswater station is in Bayswater, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. It is on a viaduct crossing Coode Street within the heart of the Bayswater town centre. To the south is Whatley Crescent and to the north is Railway Parade. It is , or a 12-minute train journey, from Perth station, and is within fare zone one. The adjacent stations are Meltham station towards Perth, Ashfield station towards Midland and Redcliffe station towards High Wycombe.
Bayswater station has a single island platform with two platform faces which straddles Coode Street on the railway viaduct; another island platform to the north is under construction. The platform is in excess of long, making it long enough for a six-car train, the longest Transperth trains. There are two entry buildings below the platforms, which are on either side of Coode Street. Each entry building has stairs and lifts, with the eastern one also having escalators. The tracks through the station are dual gauge. Transperth services operate on narrow gauge; standard gauge trains such as the Indian Pacific and Transwa regional train services do not stop at the station.
History
On 1 March 1881, the Fremantle–Guildford railway line was opened. This railway was soon extended to Midland Junction, and the part between Perth and Midland is now the Midland line. It passed through what is now Bayswater, although at the time, there was no development in the area. The railway line reduced what was previously a several-hour long trip fr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive%20Man%20%28The%20Simpsons%20episode%29 | "Radioactive Man" is the second episode of the seventh season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 24, 1995. In the episode, the film version of the comic book series Radioactive Man is shot in Springfield. Much to Bart's disappointment, the part of the hero's sidekick, Fallout Boy, goes to Milhouse. When he tires of the long hours required to shoot the film, Milhouse quits the role, forcing the filmmakers to cease production and return to Hollywood.
The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Susie Dietter. Mickey Rooney guest starred as himself in the episode. "Radioactive Man" was the first episode of The Simpsons to be digitally colored. The episode features cultural references to the 1960s Batman television series, the 1995 film Waterworld, and the song "Lean on Me" by Bill Withers.
Since airing, the episode has received positive reviews from fans and television critics. It acquired a Nielsen rating of 9.5, and was the fourth-highest-rated show on the Fox network that week.
Plot
Bart and Milhouse are thrilled to learn a film version of their favorite comic book series, Radioactive Man, is being produced in Springfield. Several Springfield Elementary students audition for the role of Fallout Boy when tryouts are held at their school. After Bart is rejected for being an inch too short, Milhouse is cast as Fallout Boy opposite Rainier Wolfcastle as Radioactive Man. When Milhouse's parents hear their son will play Fallout Boy, they buy expensive products because they expect to "start living in the fast lane" now that their son is a Hollywood movie star.
Disappointed at losing the role, Bart remains Milhouse's friend and confidant. Milhouse sours on the long hours and multiple takes required to shoot the film, and disappears during filming of the most expensive scene. Production is suspended while the townspeople search for Milhouse. Bart finds him in his treehouse, where former child star Mickey Rooney unsuccessfully tries to convince Milhouse to finish the film. Deeming Rooney an unsuitable replacement for Milhouse, the bankrupt producers cancel the film and return to Hollywood, where they are greeted with open arms.
Production
The episode was written by John Swartzwelder, and directed by Susie Dietter. When Dietter read through his first script, she did not find it very funny because of all the visual gags. Once the animatic was finished, she thought: "Hey, this is really funny!"
This is the first episode of The Simpsons to be digitally colored. The duties of that task went to USAnimation, who would later work on "The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular". Digital coloring would not be attempted again until season 12's "Tennis the Menace", and again in season 14's "Treehouse of Horror XIII". The show permanently switched to digital coloring later in that same season, beginning with "The Great Louse Detective".
Mickey Rooney guest |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Kent | Stephen, Steven, or Steve Kent may refer to:
Stephen Kent (musician), didgeridoo/ambient musician
Stephen Kent (network security) (born 1951), American pioneer of network security systems, recipient of Internet Hall of Fame
Stephen A. Kent, Canadian religious scholar
Stephen Kent (chemist) (born 1945), University of Chicago chemist
Steven Kent (television producer), American television writer and producer
Steven Kent (swimmer) (born 1988), New Zealand swimmer
Steven Kent (baseball) (born 1989), Australian professional baseball player
Steven L. Kent (born 1960), American author and reporter known for his coverage of video games
Steve Kent (politician) (born 1978), Canadian politician, member of the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly for Mount Pearl North
Steve Kent (baseball) (born 1978), German-born baseball player
Steve Kent (Home and Away), fictional character on the Australian soap opera Home and Away
Stephen Kent (astronomer), American astronomer and discoverer of minor planets |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScienceDirect | ScienceDirect is a website that provides access to a large bibliographic database of scientific and medical publications of the Dutch publisher Elsevier. It hosts over 18 million pieces of content from more than 4,000 academic journals and 30,000 e-books of this publisher. The access to the full-text requires subscription, while the bibliographic metadata is free to read. ScienceDirect is operated by Elsevier. It was launched in March 1997.
Usage
The journals are grouped into four main sections:
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Life Sciences
Health Sciences
Social Sciences and Humanities.
Article abstracts are freely available, and access to their full texts (in PDF and, for newer publications, also HTML) generally requires a subscription or pay-per-view purchase unless the content is freely available in open access.
Subscriptions to the overall offering hosted on ScienceDirect, rather than to specific titles it carries, are usually acquired through a so called big deal. The other big five have similar offers.
ScienceDirect also competes for audience with other large aggregators and hosts of scholarly communication content such as academic social network ResearchGate and open access repository arXiv, as well as with fully open access publishing venues and mega journals like PLOS.
ScienceDirect also carries Cell.
See also
List of academic databases and search engines
Scopus
References
Further reading
External links
Internet properties established in 1997
Academic journal online publishing platforms
Commercial digital libraries
Digital libraries
Elsevier
Full-text scholarly online databases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%2C%20Lu%20%26%20Og | Mike, Lu & Og is an animated television series created by Mikhail Shindel, Mikhail Aldashin, and Charles Swenson for Cartoon Network, and the 7th of the network's Cartoon Cartoons. The series follows a foreign exchange student from Manhattan named Mike, a self-appointed island princess named Lu, and a boy-genius named Og. The trio take part in various adventures as Mike and the island's natives share their customs with each other.
Before its cancellation, fifty-two eleven-minute episodes were produced by Mikhail Shindel's Kinofilm Animation in Los Angeles and animated by Mikhail Aldashin at Studio Pilot in Russia, featuring two stories per episode. The series features voice actors Nika Futterman as Mike, Nancy Cartwright as Lu, and Dee Bradley Baker as Og. The distinctive animation style is similar to shows produced by Klasky Csupo, such as Rugrats, Duckman, Aaahh!!! Real Monsters, The Wild Thornberrys, Rocket Power, and As Told by Ginger, due to its crudely drawn look.
Reruns were broadcast on Boomerang from 2006 to 2011. On November 6, 2017, the series was added to Cartoon Network on Demand. as well as on Max in some regions.
Characters
(short for Michelanne) (voiced by Nika Futterman) is an 11-year-old Manhattan-born girl who enjoys the features of the tropical island, but misses the life she had in New York and, as revealed in a particular instance, her school. Fortunately, Og is able to recreate many of the things that Mike misses most about the United States, at one instance creating a television.
(voiced by Nancy Cartwright) is a 10-year-old self-proclaimed princess of the island, Og's cousin and Alfred and Margery's niece is characterized by her loud and arrogant nature. She continually exploits Mike, Og, and her pet turtle, Lancelot. Og, being sagacious to a fault, frequently obliges to her will, even at the cost of her own well-being. Though she has a habit of tormenting everyone, she usually learns a lesson in humility by the end of each episode. Lu's unruly behavior is most likely a result of poor parenting on the part of her father, Wendell.
Lancelot is Lu's long-suffering pet land turtle. She dresses him up in gaudy outfits, forces him to perform weird and dangerous stunts, and often makes him carry Lu on her back. For this reason, Lancelot is always running away from Lu, which is why she keeps him on a leash. Despite this abuse, Lancelot tends to be the savior of Mike and the Islanders (especially Lu) when they're in trouble. Like the other animals on the island, Lancelot tends to exercise more common sense than the humans. Unlike the members of the Philosophical Society, he does not speak (except for a "squeaky" type scream when Lancelot's in danger or a snickering laugh and in "Night of the Living Relatives" where he shouted "BOO" to scare the daylights out of Lu).
(voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) is a 7-year-old raspy-voiced member of the Albonquetines, Lu's cousin and Wendell's nephew, has a predisposition to scientific |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WZDC-CD | WZDC-CD (channel 44) is a Class A television station in Washington, D.C., serving as the market's outlet for the Spanish-language network Telemundo. It is owned and operated by NBCUniversal's Telemundo Station Group alongside NBC outlet WRC-TV (channel 4). WZDC-CD and WRC-TV share studios and transmitter facilities on Nebraska Avenue in the Tenleytown neighborhood of northwest Washington.
Despite WZDC-CD legally holding a low-power Class A license, it transmits using sister station WRC-TV's full-power spectrum. This ensures complete reception across the Washington, D.C. television market. WZDC-CD also hosts the master control for sister station WRTD-CD in Raleigh, North Carolina, along with its public file link on WZDC's website.
History
WZDC-CD signed on as W64BW on UHF channel 64 in April 1994, as the Telemundo affiliate in the Washington market. On December 1, 1995, the call letters were changed to WZGS-LP, reflecting the station's ownership, ZGS Broadcasting. On June 27, 2000, the call letters were changed to WZDC-LP. On June 3, 2002, the station began producing Spanish-language local newscasts at 6 and 11 p.m. weeknights.
On April 10, 2007, WZDC-LP moved to channel 25, as channel 64 was to be removed from television broadcasting as a result of the 2009 digital television transition.
The station received class-A status in September 2008, changing callsigns to WZDC-CA to match. An application to build a new digital signal on channel 26 was dismissed in the same month. WZDC eventually received permission to flash-cut to digital on channel 25 in March 2011, and became WZDC-CD in doing so that September.
In the 2016–17 incentive auction, WZDC-CD received $66,182,037 to leave the air, though it indicated that it would maintain over-the-air coverage by entering into a post-auction channel sharing agreement.
On September 6, 2017, NBCUniversal internally announced that it would launch a Telemundo owned-and-operated station based out of WRC-TV (channel 4) in December; a Telemundo spokesperson stated that the sale of WZDC's spectrum "gave us the ability to take back the Telemundo affiliation for this market," without elaborating. Subsequently, on December 4, 2017, NBCUniversal's Telemundo Station Group announced its purchase of ZGS' 13 television stations, including WZDC-CD. As a result of the common ownership, WZDC-CD then entered into a channel-sharing agreement with WRC-TV, under which it ended broadcasts over its own signal on channel 25 and moved to WRC-TV's signal on channel 48. NBCUniversal assumed the operations of WZDC on January 1, 2018 through a local marketing agreement.
The channel-sharing agreement with WRC-TV took effect on March 7, 2018, at which time WZDC shut off its own signal.
As the channel-share went into effect, WZDC's virtual channel number of 25 presented an issue. Virtual channel 25 is already in use by Hagerstown's WDVM-TV, which covers much of the western part of the Washington market and overlaps the signal of WRC |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPXW-TV | WPXW-TV (channel 66) is a television station licensed to Manassas, Virginia, United States, broadcasting the Ion Television network to the Washington, D.C. area. The station is owned by Ion Media, and maintains business offices in Fairfax Station, Virginia; its transmitter is located on River Road in Bethesda, Maryland. WPXW-TV is one of two Ion outlets that serve the Baltimore market (alongside WMAR-DT5).
WWPX-TV (channel 60) in Martinsburg, West Virginia, operates as a full-time satellite of WPXW-TV.
History
Channel 66 signed on as WTKK, an independent religious station owned by National Capital Christian Broadcasting, in 1978. The call letters stood for "Witnessing the King of Kings". In 1982, they added some classic sitcoms and very old movies to the lineup, but by 1986, they reverted to mostly religious. From 1984 until 1986, WTKK had a sister station in Richmond, WTLL. In 1994, WTKK was purchased by ValueVision, a home shopping network, and on June 6, 1994, the call letters were changed to WVVI. Paxson Communications purchased the station in 1997, and on January 13, 1998, the call letters were changed to the current WPXW. The station was an all-infomercial channel ("inTV") from the time that Paxson bought the station until the Pax network launched on August 31, 1998. The station had the rights to the 2005 season of Baltimore Orioles games in the Washington area that were produced by MASN. It was formerly known as "Pax 66", before the Pax network changed its name to i: Independent Television and later Ion Television.
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
Analog-to-digital conversion
WPXW-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 66, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal moved from its pre-transition UHF channel 43 to channel 34. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 66, which was among the high band UHF channels (52-69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition.
References
External links
Ion Television affiliates
Bounce TV affiliates
Court TV affiliates
Laff (TV network) affiliates
Ion Mystery affiliates
Scripps News affiliates
E. W. Scripps Company television stations
Television channels and stations established in 1978
1978 establishments in Virginia
PXW-TV
Manassas, Virginia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XMK | XMK may refer to:
The ISO-639-3.5 code for the Ancient Macedonian language
The eXtreme Minimal Kernel, a real-time operating system |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forever%20Living%20Products | Forever Living Products is a multi-level marketing company which was founded in 1980 in Tempe, Arizona by Rex Maughan. The company has reported a network of 9.3 million distributors and revenue of $4 billion in 2021, and in 2006 they reported having 4,100 employees.
History
Forever Living was founded in 1978 in Tempe, Arizona by Rex Maughan. By the 1990s, Rex Maughan had purchased the Texas company Aloe Vera of America, with Aloe Vera of America selling its products to Forever Living for distribution. Some journalists have likened the multi-level marketing business model of Forever Living's distribution system to that of a pyramid scheme.
In 1983, the company was named No. 6 on Inc. Magazine's annual Inc. 500 list of the fastest-growing private companies in the United States.
According to Arthur Andersen's Top 100, as of 1993, Forever Living Products International was Arizona's second-largest private company. As of August 1995, Forbes reported the company's product line included "deodorants, toothpaste, laundry detergent and three dozen other products, nearly all of which contain extract of aloe."
A three-part special report by the Manila Times in 2003 discussed similarities between FLPI's business model and an illegal pyramid scheme, noting that FLPI participants are said to be rewarded primarily for recruiting new members to the organization, rather than for selling products to genuine end-users.
Forever Living reported unaudited annual revenue exceeding $1.15 billion in 2005 and ended the year with around 150,000 distributors and 55 employees. The following year, Forever Living was listed at No. 340 on the Forbes 400 list, which ranks the largest private companies in the United States. At the time, the company was described as having 4,100 employees and sold its product in 100 countries.
In 2010, the company reported unaudited revenue of $1.7 billion and a network of 9.3 million distributors.
In 2013 the publication New Vision reported that Forever Living had over 20,000 distributors in Uganda, of which only 83 had reached a managerial level and begun to recoup expenses; their investigation concluded that Forever Living Products' "distribution system does not guarantee profits and majority of members drop out along the way, after losing millions."
The company was active in over 165 countries as of 2018. In February 2015, the company announced they had appointed a new management team to "oversee the affairs of the company in Nigeria."
In January 2023, the company named Aidan O'Hare as President with Gregg Maughan, son of founder Rex Maughan, continuing as CEO.
Legal
In 1996, upon suggestion of the American authorities, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the National Tax Agency of Japan (NTA) initiated a joint audit of Rex and Ruth Maughan and related entities Aloe Vera of America (AVA), Selective Art Inc., FLP International, and FLP Japan for the period of 1991 to 1995. In 1997, the NTA imposed a penalty tax of 3.5 billion yen on Fo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer%20of%204%20Ft.%202 | "Summer of 4 Ft. 2" is the twenty-fifth and final episode of the seventh season of the American animated television series, The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 19, 1996. In the episode, the Simpson family stay in Ned Flanders' beach house. Hanging around with a new set of children, Lisa becomes popular, while Bart is left out. Bart tries to sabotage his sister's newfound acceptance, but fails.
The episode was written by Dan Greaney and directed by Mark Kirkland. The episode guest stars Christina Ricci. The beach house at Little Pwagmattasquarmsettport the Simpson family stays in is based on then-showrunner Josh Weinstein's parents' house in New Hampshire. The episode features cultural references to the George Lucas film American Graffiti, Pippi Longstocking, The New Yorker character Eustace Tilley, and Alice and The Hatter from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
Since airing, the episode has received positive reviews from television critics. It acquired a Nielsen rating of 8.8, and was the second highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired.
Plot
On the last day of school, Lisa realizes how unpopular she is when nobody signs her yearbook. Her disappointment grows when she sees students lining up to get Bart's signature. Ned Flanders offers the Simpsons the use of his beach house for the summer. Marge suggests that Bart bring Milhouse and Lisa invite a friend. Realizing she has no friends, Lisa decides to change her image to gain popularity. She leaves behind her nerdy belongings, since she fears they would make people like her less. At the beach house, Lisa tells Marge she forgot to pack, so she buys new clothes, hoping they will make her look cool to other children.
Lisa succeeds in making friends by acting detached and hiding her intelligence. Bart grows jealous because Lisa becomes more popular than he is by using some of his own traits and tactics, which fails to win them over. Bart exacts revenge by showing Lisa's yearbook to her new friends, exposing her as a smart overachiever. Lisa runs away in tears. The next day, Bart begins to heckle Lisa at breakfast, and she is angry at him for supposedly ruining her newfound friendships. Later, Marge, Bart, Lisa and Milhouse visit a carnival, where Bart only heckles Lisa more until he finally regrets how low he stooped to ruin her life.
After the carnival, Lisa returns to the beach house to find her friends decorating the Simpsons' car with seashells in her honor (much to Homer's horror). They explain that she does not need to fake being cool because they like her for her true self. To make amends with Lisa, Bart gets her new friends (and Milhouse) to sign her yearbook, which he hands to her as the family drive back to Springfield.
Production
The episode was written by Dan Greaney, and directed by Mark Kirkland. It was Greaney's second episode on The Simpsons. The staff of the show wanted to do a summer episode because there was "so much s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry%20standard | An industry standard is a technical standard used in technical contexts throughout an industry. It may also refer to:
Industry Standard Architecture, the 16-bit internal bus of IBM Personal Computer/AT
Industry Standard Coding Identification, a standard created to identify commercials that aired on U.S. TV
The Industry Standard, a news website and former magazine
Music
Industry Standard, a 1982 album by the Dregs
Industry Standard, a UK garage duo (Clayton Mitchell and Dave Deller) known for the 1997 song "Vol. 1 (What You Want What You Need)"
Industry Standard, an alias used by Orbital in 1992 for the single "Rave On"; after this, Orbital would go on to use the phrase "industry standard" to mean a radio edit of a song
See also
Standard (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalic%20vein | In human anatomy, the cephalic vein is a superficial vein in the arm. It originates from the radial end of the dorsal venous network of hand, and ascends along the radial (lateral) side of the arm before emptying into the axillary vein. At the elbow, it communicates with the basilic vein via the median cubital vein.
Anatomy
The cephalic vein is situated within the superficial fascia along the anterolateral surface of the biceps.
Origin
The cephalic vein forms over the anatomical snuffbox at the radial end of the dorsal venous network of hand.
Course and relations
From its origin, it ascends up the lateral aspect of the radius.
Near the shoulder, the cephalic vein passes between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles (deltopectoral groove) through the clavipectoral triangle, where it empties into the axillary vein.
Anastomoses
It communicates with the basilic vein via the median cubital vein at the elbow.
Clinical significance
The cephalic vein is often visible through the skin, and its location in the deltopectoral groove is fairly consistent, making this site a good candidate for venous access. Permanent pacemaker leads are often placed in the cephalic vein in the deltopectoral groove. The vein may be used for intravenous access, as large bore cannula may be easily placed. However, the cannulation of a vein as close to the radial nerve as the cephalic vein can sometimes lead to nerve damage.
History
Ordinarily the term cephalic refers to anatomy of the head. When the Persian Muslim physician Ibn Sīnā's Canon was translated into medieval Latin, cephalic was mistakenly chosen to render the Arabic term al-kífal, meaning "outer".
Additional images
See also
Basilic vein
Median cubital vein
References
External links
Anatomy
Veins of the upper limb
Human surface anatomy
Cardiovascular system
Circulatory system |
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