source
stringlengths
31
168
text
stringlengths
51
3k
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stable%20manifold
In mathematics, and in particular the study of dynamical systems, the idea of stable and unstable sets or stable and unstable manifolds give a formal mathematical definition to the general notions embodied in the idea of an attractor or repellor. In the case of hyperbolic dynamics, the corresponding notion is that of t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weitzenb%C3%B6ck%20identity
In mathematics, in particular in differential geometry, mathematical physics, and representation theory a Weitzenböck identity, named after Roland Weitzenböck, expresses a relationship between two second-order elliptic operators on a manifold with the same principal symbol. Usually Weitzenböck formulae are implemented ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20G.%20Begle
Edward Griffith Begle (November 27, 1914 – March 2, 1978) was a mathematician best known for his role as the director of the School Mathematics Study Group (SMSG), the primary group credited for developing what came to be known as The New Math. Begle was a topologist and a researcher in mathematics education who serve...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom%20A
In mathematics, Smale's axiom A defines a class of dynamical systems which have been extensively studied and whose dynamics is relatively well understood. A prominent example is the Smale horseshoe map. The term "axiom A" originates with Stephen Smale. The importance of such systems is demonstrated by the chaotic hypo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto%20M.%20Nikodym
Otto Marcin Nikodym (3 August 1887 – 4 May 1974) (also Otton Martin Nikodým) was a Polish mathematician. Education and career Nikodym studied mathematics at the University of Lemberg (today's University of Lviv). Immediately after his graduation in 1911, he started his teaching job at a high school in Kraków where he...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhabited%20set
In mathematics, a set is inhabited if there exists an element . In classical mathematics, the property of being inhabited is equivalent to being non-empty. However, this equivalence is not valid in constructive or intuitionistic logic, and so this separate terminology is mostly used in the set theory of constructive ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graded%20Lie%20algebra
In mathematics, a graded Lie algebra is a Lie algebra endowed with a gradation which is compatible with the Lie bracket. In other words, a graded Lie algebra is a Lie algebra which is also a nonassociative graded algebra under the bracket operation. A choice of Cartan decomposition endows any semisimple Lie algebra w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD-Cops
CD-Cops was the first CD-ROM protection system to use the geometry of the CD-ROM media rather than a hidden "mark". It was invented in 1996 by Danish Link Data Security, known for its Cops Copylock key-diskette security used in the 1990s by Lotus 1-2-3. Overview As a copy (CD-R or CD-ROM) will have a different geomet...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20quadratic%20form
In mathematics, a universal quadratic form is a quadratic form over a ring that represents every element of the ring. A non-singular form over a field which represents zero non-trivially is universal. Examples Over the real numbers, the form x2 in one variable is not universal, as it cannot represent negative number...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiation%20in%20Fr%C3%A9chet%20spaces
In mathematics, in particular in functional analysis and nonlinear analysis, it is possible to define the derivative of a function between two Fréchet spaces. This notion of differentiation, as it is Gateaux derivative between Fréchet spaces, is significantly weaker than the derivative in a Banach space, even between ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated%20binary%20operation
In mathematics, an iterated binary operation is an extension of a binary operation on a set S to a function on finite sequences of elements of S through repeated application. Common examples include the extension of the addition operation to the summation operation, and the extension of the multiplication operation to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refactorable%20number
A refactorable number or tau number is an integer n that is divisible by the count of its divisors, or to put it algebraically, n is such that . The first few refactorable numbers are listed in as 1, 2, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 40, 56, 60, 72, 80, 84, 88, 96, 104, 108, 128, 132, 136, 152, 156, 180, 184, 204, 225, 228, 23...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlogram
In the analysis of data, a correlogram is a chart of correlation statistics. For example, in time series analysis, a plot of the sample autocorrelations versus (the time lags) is an autocorrelogram. If cross-correlation is plotted, the result is called a cross-correlogram. The correlogram is a commonly used tool ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogon
In geometry, a monogon, also known as a henagon, is a polygon with one edge and one vertex. It has Schläfli symbol {1}. In Euclidean geometry In Euclidean geometry a monogon is a degenerate polygon because its endpoints must coincide, unlike any Euclidean line segment. Most definitions of a polygon in Euclidean geomet...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisia%20monetary%20aggregates%20index
In econometrics and official statistics, and particularly in banking, the Divisia monetary aggregates index is an index of money supply. It uses Divisia index methods. Background The monetary aggregates used by most central banks (notably the US Federal Reserve) are simple-sum indexes in which all monetary components ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary%20divisor
In mathematics, a natural number a is a unitary divisor (or Hall divisor) of a number b if a is a divisor of b and if a and are coprime, having no common factor other than 1. Equivalently, a divisor a of b is a unitary divisor if and only if every prime factor of a has the same multiplicity in a as it has in b. The c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuum%20function
In mathematics, the continuum function is , i.e. raising 2 to the power of κ using cardinal exponentiation. Given a cardinal number, it is the cardinality of the power set of a set of the given cardinality. See also Continuum hypothesis Cardinality of the continuum Beth number Easton's theorem Gimel function Cardina...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfinishing
Superfinishing, also known as micromachining, microfinishing, and short-stroke honing, is a metalworking process that improves surface finish and workpiece geometry. This is achieved by removing just the thin amorphous surface layer left by the last process with an abrasive stone or tape; this layer is usually about 1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamplighter%20group
In mathematics, the lamplighter group L of group theory is the restricted wreath product Introduction The name of the group comes from viewing the group as acting on a doubly infinite sequence of street lamps each of which may be on or off, and a lamplighter standing at some lamp An equivalent description for this...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strict%20differentiability
In mathematics, strict differentiability is a modification of the usual notion of differentiability of functions that is particularly suited to p-adic analysis. In short, the definition is made more restrictive by allowing both points used in the difference quotient to "move". Basic definition The simplest setting in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Rudin
Walter Rudin (May 2, 1921 – May 20, 2010) was an Austrian-American mathematician and professor of Mathematics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. In addition to his contributions to complex and harmonic analysis, Rudin was known for his mathematical analysis textbooks: Principles of Mathematical Analysis, Real and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit%20set
In mathematics, especially in the study of dynamical systems, a limit set is the state a dynamical system reaches after an infinite amount of time has passed, by either going forward or backwards in time. Limit sets are important because they can be used to understand the long term behavior of a dynamical system. A sy...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar%20induction
Bar induction is a reasoning principle used in intuitionistic mathematics, introduced by L. E. J. Brouwer. Bar induction's main use is the intuitionistic derivation of the fan theorem, a key result used in the derivation of the uniform continuity theorem. It is also useful in giving constructive alternatives to other...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITT
ITT may refer to: Communication Infantry-Tank Telephone, a device allowing infantrymen to speak to the occupants of armoured vehicles. Mathematics Intuitionistic type theory, other name of Martin-Löf Type Theory Intensional type theory Business ITT Inc. (formerly International Telephone & Telegraph), US Invitation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stability%20theory
In mathematics, stability theory addresses the stability of solutions of differential equations and of trajectories of dynamical systems under small perturbations of initial conditions. The heat equation, for example, is a stable partial differential equation because small perturbations of initial data lead to small v...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Epstein
Paul Epstein (July 24, 1871 – August 11, 1939) was a German mathematician. He was known for his contributions to number theory, in particular the Epstein zeta function. Epstein was born and brought up in Frankfurt, where his father was a professor. He received his PhD in 1895 from the University of Strasbourg. From 18...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stable%20manifold%20theorem
In mathematics, especially in the study of dynamical systems and differential equations, the stable manifold theorem is an important result about the structure of the set of orbits approaching a given hyperbolic fixed point. It roughly states that the existence of a local diffeomorphism near a fixed point implies the e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/280%20%28number%29
280 (two hundred [and] eighty) is the natural number after 279 and before 281. In mathematics The denominator of the eighth harmonic number, 280 is an octagonal number. 280 is the smallest octagonal number that is a half of another octagonal number. There are 280 plane trees with ten nodes. As a consequence of this, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/290%20%28number%29
290 (two hundred [and] ninety) is the natural number following 289 and preceding 291. In mathematics The product of three primes, 290 is a sphenic number, and the sum of four consecutive primes (67 + 71 + 73 + 79). The sum of the squares of the divisors of 17 is 290. Not only is it a nontotient and a noncototient, it...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Menninger%20%28mathematics%29
Karl Menninger (October 6, 1898 – October 2, 1963) was a German teacher of and writer about mathematics. His major work was Zahlwort und Ziffer (1934,; English trans., Number Words and Number Symbols), about non-academic mathematics in much of the world. (The omission of Africa was rectified by Claudia Zaslavsky in h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan%20Center%20for%20Science%20and%20Mathematics
Manhattan Center for Science and Mathematics (abbreviated as MCSM) is a public high school at East 116th Street between Pleasant Avenue and FDR Drive in East Harlem, within Upper Manhattan, New York City. The school building, which was formerly Benjamin Franklin High School, was designated a New York City landmark by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rothenberg%20propriety
In diatonic set theory, Rothenberg propriety is an important concept, lack of contradiction and ambiguity, in the general theory of musical scales which was introduced by David Rothenberg in a seminal series of papers in 1978. The concept was independently discovered in a more restricted context by Gerald Balzano, who ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrent%20point
In mathematics, a recurrent point for a function f is a point that is in its own limit set by f. Any neighborhood containing the recurrent point will also contain (a countable number of) iterates of it as well. Definition Let be a Hausdorff space and a function. A point is said to be recurrent (for ) if , i.e. if...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20conjugacy
In mathematics, two functions are said to be topologically conjugate if there exists a homeomorphism that will conjugate the one into the other. Topological conjugacy, and related-but-distinct of flows, are important in the study of iterated functions and more generally dynamical systems, since, if the dynamics of on...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyroelongated%20bipyramid
In geometry, the gyroelongated bipyramids are an infinite set of polyhedra, constructed by elongating an bipyramid by inserting an antiprism between its congruent halves. Forms Two members of the set can be deltahedra, that is, constructed entirely of equilateral triangles: the gyroelongated square bipyramid, a John...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar%20Heil
Oskar Heil (20 March 1908, in Langwieden – 15 May 1994, San Mateo, California) was a German electrical engineer and inventor. He studied physics, chemistry, mathematics, and music at the Georg-August University of Göttingen and was awarded his PhD in 1933, for his work on molecular spectroscopy. Personal life At the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyridon%20Stais
Spyridon Stais (, 1859–1932) was a Greek politician from the island of Kythera. He studied physics and mathematics and served as a teacher in gymnasia (secondary schools) of Greece. He became active in politics in 1892, joining first the party of Charilaos Trikoupis and later (after Trikoupis’ death) the Modernist Par...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automaton%20%28disambiguation%29
An automaton is a self-operating machine. Automaton may also refer to: An automaton, an abstract machine in mathematics, computer science, and automata theory, a mathematical model of computer hardware and software In particular, a finite-state automaton, an automaton limited to a finite state space Film and TV A...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansive%20homeomorphism
In mathematics, the notion of expansivity formalizes the notion of points moving away from one another under the action of an iterated function. The idea of expansivity is fairly rigid, as the definition of positive expansivity, below, as well as the Schwarz–Ahlfors–Pick theorem demonstrate. Definition If is a metric...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cram%C3%A9r%E2%80%93von%20Mises%20criterion
In statistics the Cramér–von Mises criterion is a criterion used for judging the goodness of fit of a cumulative distribution function compared to a given empirical distribution function , or for comparing two empirical distributions. It is also used as a part of other algorithms, such as minimum distance estimation....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronecker%20limit%20formula
In mathematics, the classical Kronecker limit formula describes the constant term at s = 1 of a real analytic Eisenstein series (or Epstein zeta function) in terms of the Dedekind eta function. There are many generalizations of it to more complicated Eisenstein series. It is named for Leopold Kronecker. First Kronecke...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%20plane
In mathematics, the Moore plane, also sometimes called Niemytzki plane (or Nemytskii plane, Nemytskii's tangent disk topology), is a topological space. It is a completely regular Hausdorff space (also called Tychonoff space) that is not normal. It is named after Robert Lee Moore and Viktor Vladimirovich Nemytskii. D...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAUSS%20%28software%29
GAUSS is a matrix programming language for mathematics and statistics, developed and marketed by Aptech Systems. Its primary purpose is the solution of numerical problems in statistics, econometrics, time-series, optimization and 2D- and 3D-visualization. It was first published in 1984 for MS-DOS and is available for L...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extension%20topology
In topology, a branch of mathematics, an extension topology is a topology placed on the disjoint union of a topological space and another set. There are various types of extension topology, described in the sections below. Extension topology Let X be a topological space and P a set disjoint from X. Consider in X ∪ P...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto%20Nacional%20de%20Estad%C3%ADstica
Instituto Nacional de Estadística may refer to: National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina () National Institute of Statistics of Bolivia () National Statistics Institute (Chile) Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos de Costa Rica , see National Institute of Statistics (Guatemala) () Instituto Naci...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Institute%20of%20Statistics
National Institute of Statistics may refer to: National Institute of Statistics of Bolivia National Institute of Statistics of Cambodia National Institute of Statistics and Census of Costa Rica National Institute of Statistics and Census of Nicaragua National Institute of Statistics (Guatemala) National Institute of St...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super%20Virasoro%20algebra
In mathematical physics, a super Virasoro algebra is an extension of the Virasoro algebra (named after Miguel Ángel Virasoro) to a Lie superalgebra. There are two extensions with particular importance in superstring theory: the Ramond algebra (named after Pierre Ramond) and the Neveu–Schwarz algebra (named after André...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrieker%20%28film%29
Shrieker is a 1998 American horror film directed by David DeCoteau and produced by Charles Band. Plot Clark (Tanya Dempsey), a young Mathematics major at a University, thinks she's found the best deal for student housing: a group of squatters who live in an abandoned hospital secretly. The quirky residents let her int...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lax%20pair
In mathematics, in the theory of integrable systems, a Lax pair is a pair of time-dependent matrices or operators that satisfy a corresponding differential equation, called the Lax equation. Lax pairs were introduced by Peter Lax to discuss solitons in continuous media. The inverse scattering transform makes use of the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal%20triangle
In hyperbolic geometry an ideal triangle is a hyperbolic triangle whose three vertices all are ideal points. Ideal triangles are also sometimes called triply asymptotic triangles or trebly asymptotic triangles. The vertices are sometimes called ideal vertices. All ideal triangles are congruent. Properties Ideal tria...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miroslav%20Fiedler
Miroslav Fiedler (7 April 1926 – 20 November 2015) was a Czech mathematician known for his contributions to linear algebra, graph theory and algebraic graph theory. His article, "Algebraic Connectivity of Graphs", published in the Czechoslovak Math Journal in 1973, established the use of the eigenvalues of the Laplaci...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excluded%20point%20topology
In mathematics, the excluded point topology is a topology where exclusion of a particular point defines openness. Formally, let X be any non-empty set and p ∈ X. The collection of subsets of X is then the excluded point topology on X. There are a variety of cases which are individually named: If X has two points,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borel%20hierarchy
In mathematical logic, the Borel hierarchy is a stratification of the Borel algebra generated by the open subsets of a Polish space; elements of this algebra are called Borel sets. Each Borel set is assigned a unique countable ordinal number called the rank of the Borel set. The Borel hierarchy is of particular intere...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%E2%80%93sphere%20intersection
In analytic geometry, a line and a sphere can intersect in three ways: No intersection at all Intersection in exactly one point Intersection in two points. Methods for distinguishing these cases, and determining the coordinates for the points in the latter cases, are useful in a number of circumstances. For exampl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20localities%20in%20Northern%20Ireland%20by%20population
This is a list of settlements in Northern Ireland by population. The fifty largest settlements are listed. This list has been compiled from data published by the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA), based on the 2011 Census and the 2021 Census, where available(*). Settlements with city status are sh...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20Murdoch%20Henderson
J. Murdoch Henderson (31 March 1902 – November 1970) was a Scottish fiddler, composer, and music critic. John Murdoch Henderson was born in New Deer, Scotland, and became a mathematics teacher in Aberdeen. A childhood accident led to him breaking both wrists and hampered his playing. He took an interest in the interp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact%20closed%20category
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, compact closed categories are a general context for treating dual objects. The idea of a dual object generalizes the more familiar concept of the dual of a finite-dimensional vector space. So, the motivating example of a compact closed category is FdVect, the category havi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization%20of%20an%20algebraic%20form
In mathematics, in particular in algebra, polarization is a technique for expressing a homogeneous polynomial in a simpler fashion by adjoining more variables. Specifically, given a homogeneous polynomial, polarization produces a unique symmetric multilinear form from which the original polynomial can be recovered by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapiro%20inequality
In mathematics, the Shapiro inequality is an inequality proposed by Harold S. Shapiro in 1954. Statement of the inequality Suppose is a natural number and are positive numbers and: is even and less than or equal to , or is odd and less than or equal to . Then the Shapiro inequality states that where . For g...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution%20tiling
In geometry, a tile substitution is a method for constructing highly ordered tilings. Most importantly, some tile substitutions generate aperiodic tilings, which are tilings whose prototiles do not admit any tiling with translational symmetry. The most famous of these are the Penrose tilings. Substitution tilings are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual%20object
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a dual object is an analogue of a dual vector space from linear algebra for objects in arbitrary monoidal categories. It is only a partial generalization, based upon the categorical properties of duality for finite-dimensional vector spaces. An object admitting a dual is cal...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20A
Protein A is a 42 kDa surface protein originally found in the cell wall of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. It is encoded by the spa gene and its regulation is controlled by DNA topology, cellular osmolarity, and a two-component system called ArlS-ArlR. It has found use in biochemical research because of its ability...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real%20analytic%20Eisenstein%20series
In mathematics, the simplest real analytic Eisenstein series is a special function of two variables. It is used in the representation theory of SL(2,R) and in analytic number theory. It is closely related to the Epstein zeta function. There are many generalizations associated to more complicated groups. Definition Th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasili%20Pronchishchev
Vasili Vasilyevich Pronchishchev () (1702–) was a Russian explorer. In 1718, Vasili Pronchishchev graduated from Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation and was promoted to naval cadet. In 1733, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant and appointed head of one of the units of the Second Kamchatka Expedition, the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Career%20Guide%20to%20Industries
The Career Guide to Industries was a publication of the United States Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics that included information about the nature of the industry, working conditions, training and education, earnings, and job outlook for workers in dozens of different industries. The Career Guide was re...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLAS%20%28education%29
CLAS was a test and given in California in the early 1990s. It was based on concepts of new standards such as whole language and reform mathematics. Instead of multiple choice tests with one correct answer, it used open written responses that were graded according to rubrics. Test takers would have to write about pass...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic%20tree
A hyperbolic tree (often shortened as hypertree) is an information visualization and graph drawing method inspired by hyperbolic geometry. Displaying hierarchical data as a tree suffers from visual clutter as the number of nodes per level can grow exponentially. For a simple binary tree, the maximum number of nodes a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics%20education%20in%20Australia
Mathematics education in Australia varies significantly between states, especially at the upper secondary level. While every school offers a state-based education systems, some may also offer the International Baccalaureate program. Secondary New South Wales Higher School Certificate The Higher School Certificate (H...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite%20inner%20product%20space
In mathematics, in the field of functional analysis, an indefinite inner product space is an infinite-dimensional complex vector space equipped with both an indefinite inner product and a positive semi-definite inner product where the metric operator is an endomorphism of obeying The indefinite inner product spa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.%20Barry%20Cooper
S. Barry Cooper (9 October 1943 – 26 October 2015) was an English mathematician and computability theorist. He was a professor of Pure Mathematics at the University of Leeds. Early life and education Cooper grew up in Bognor Regis and attended Chichester High School for Boys, during which time he played scrum-half for...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witt%20vector
In mathematics, a Witt vector is an infinite sequence of elements of a commutative ring. Ernst Witt showed how to put a ring structure on the set of Witt vectors, in such a way that the ring of Witt vectors over the finite field of order is isomorphic to , the ring of -adic integers. They have a highly non-intuitive ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genus%20of%20a%20multiplicative%20sequence
In mathematics, a genus of a multiplicative sequence is a ring homomorphism from the ring of smooth compact manifolds up to the equivalence of bounding a smooth manifold with boundary (i.e., up to suitable cobordism) to another ring, usually the rational numbers, having the property that they are constructed from a seq...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad%20Dasypodius
Conrad Dasypodius (1532 – 26 April 1600) was a professor of mathematics in Strasbourg, Alsace. He was born in Frauenfeld, Thurgau, Switzerland. His first name was also rendered as Konrad or Conradus or Cunradus, and his last name has been alternatively stated as Rauchfuss, Rauchfuß, and Hasenfratz. He was the son of P...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witt%20ring
In mathematics, a Witt ring may be A ring of Witt vectors The Witt ring (forms), a ring structure on the Witt group of symmetric bilinear forms See also Witt algebra, a Lie algebra.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witt%20group
In mathematics, a Witt group of a field, named after Ernst Witt, is an abelian group whose elements are represented by symmetric bilinear forms over the field. Definition Fix a field k of characteristic not equal to two. All vector spaces will be assumed to be finite-dimensional. We say that two spaces equipped with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinfeld%20module
In mathematics, a Drinfeld module (or elliptic module) is roughly a special kind of module over a ring of functions on a curve over a finite field, generalizing the Carlitz module. Loosely speaking, they provide a function field analogue of complex multiplication theory. A shtuka (also called F-sheaf or chtouca) is a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JTS%20Topology%20Suite
JTS Topology Suite (Java Topology Suite) is an open-source Java software library that provides an object model for Euclidean planar linear geometry together with a set of fundamental geometric functions. JTS is primarily intended to be used as a core component of vector-based geomatics software such as geographical in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmidt%20decomposition
In linear algebra, the Schmidt decomposition (named after its originator Erhard Schmidt) refers to a particular way of expressing a vector in the tensor product of two inner product spaces. It has numerous applications in quantum information theory, for example in entanglement characterization and in state purification...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantamath
Cantamath is a mathematics competition competed in Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand by years 6 to 10 students. There are two sections, the Competition section and the Project section. The sponsors of Cantamath are Casio, Trimble Navigation, Every Educaid, Mathletics and University of Canterbury. Team Competit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Russell%20Nichols
Albert Russell Nichols (1859–1933 ) was an English museum curator and zoologist who worked mainly in Ireland. Nichols was educated at Clare College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in mathematics as 16th wrangler in 1882. Nichols came from England to Dublin in 1883 as Assistant in the Museum of Science and Art (now the Nat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted%20Lewis%20%28computer%20scientist%29
Theodore Gyle (Ted) Lewis (born 1941) is an American computer scientist and mathematician, and professor at the Naval Postgraduate School. Biography Lewis received his BS in Mathematics and his PhD in computer Science. He started his career at the Oregon State University, where he became Professor of Computer Science...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strict%20%28disambiguation%29
The term strict refers to relational operators in mathematics. Strict may also refer to: Strict, a function classification in programming languages - see Strict function the strict pragma in the programming language Perl used to restrict unsafe constructs See also List of people known as the Strict Strict histor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frobenius%20theorem
There are several mathematical theorems named after Ferdinand Georg Frobenius. They include: Frobenius theorem (differential topology) in differential geometry and topology for integrable subbundles Frobenius theorem (real division algebras) in abstract algebra characterizing the finite-dimensional real division alg...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20book%20decomposition
In mathematics, an open book decomposition (or simply an open book) is a decomposition of a closed oriented 3-manifold M into a union of surfaces (necessarily with boundary) and solid tori. Open books have relevance to contact geometry, with a famous theorem of Emmanuel Giroux (given below) that shows that contact geom...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej%20Bia%C5%82ynicki-Birula
Andrzej Białynicki-Birula (26 December 1935 – 19 April 2021) was a Polish mathematician, best known for his work on algebraic geometry. He was considered one of the pioneers of differential algebra. He was a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Białynicki-Birula was born in Nowogrodek, Polish Republic, currently ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Juventus%20FC%20players
This is a list of Juventus FC players who have earned 100 or more caps for Juventus. For a list of notable Juventus players, major or minor, see Juventus FC players. For statistics and records see the statistics and records related article. For the list of Juventus players who played with the Italy national team durin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrast%20%28statistics%29
In statistics, particularly in analysis of variance and linear regression, a contrast is a linear combination of variables (parameters or statistics) whose coefficients add up to zero, allowing comparison of different treatments. Definitions Let be a set of variables, either parameters or statistics, and be known co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsey%20RESET%20test
In statistics, the Ramsey Regression Equation Specification Error Test (RESET) test is a general specification test for the linear regression model. More specifically, it tests whether non-linear combinations of the explanatory variables help to explain the response variable. The intuition behind the test is that if no...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretschneider%27s%20formula
In geometry, Bretschneider's formula is a mathematical expression for the area of a general quadrilateral. It works on both convex and concave quadrilaterals (but not crossed ones), whether it is cyclic or not. History The German mathematician Carl Anton Bretschneider discovered the formula in 1842. The formula was al...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K0
K0 may refer to: Spectral class K0, a star spectral class the 1965 first model of the Honda CB450 motorbike the Grothendieck group in abstract algebra the Lateral earth pressure at rest the neutral kaon, a strange meson with no charge in nuclear physics K0 may refer to Khinchin's constant K0 the order-zero grap...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent%20distribution
In directional statistics, the Kent distribution, also known as the 5-parameter Fisher–Bingham distribution (named after John T. Kent, Ronald Fisher, and Christopher Bingham), is a probability distribution on the unit sphere (2-sphere S2 in 3-space R3). It is the analogue on S2 of the bivariate normal distribution wit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von%20Mises%E2%80%93Fisher%20distribution
In directional statistics, the von Mises–Fisher distribution (named after Richard von Mises and Ronald Fisher), is a probability distribution on the -sphere in . If the distribution reduces to the von Mises distribution on the circle. Definition The probability density function of the von Mises–Fisher distribution fo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersection%20theorem
In projective geometry, an intersection theorem or incidence theorem is a statement concerning an incidence structure – consisting of points, lines, and possibly higher-dimensional objects and their incidences – together with a pair of objects and (for instance, a point and a line). The "theorem" states that, wheneve...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reach%20%28advertising%29
In the application of statistics to advertising and media analysis, reach refers to the total number of different people or households exposed, at least once, to a medium during a given period. Reach should not be confused with the number of people who will actually be exposed to and consume the advertising, though. It...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definite%20form
Definite form may refer to: Definite quadratic form in mathematics Definiteness in linguistics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20automorphism
In mathematics, in the realm of group theory, a power automorphism of a group is an automorphism that takes each subgroup of the group to within itself. It is worth noting that the power automorphism of an infinite group may not restrict to an automorphism on each subgroup. For instance, the automorphism on rational nu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IA%20automorphism
In mathematics, in the realm of group theory, an IA automorphism of a group is an automorphism that acts as identity on the abelianization. The abelianization of a group is its quotient by its commutator subgroup. An IA automorphism is thus an automorphism that sends each coset of the commutator subgroup to itself. Th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotientable%20automorphism
In mathematics, in the realm of group theory, a quotientable automorphism of a group is an automorphism that takes every normal subgroup to within itself. As a result, it gives a corresponding automorphism for every quotient group. All family automorphisms are quotientable, and particularly, all class automorphisms an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class%20automorphism
In mathematics, in the realm of group theory, a class automorphism is an automorphism of a group that sends each element to within its conjugacy class. The class automorphisms form a subgroup of the automorphism group. Some facts: Every inner automorphism is a class automorphism. Every class automorphism is a family...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stability%20group
In mathematics, in the realm of group theory, the stability group of subnormal series is the group of automorphisms that act as identity on each quotient group. Group theory