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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goursat%27s%20lemma
Goursat's lemma, named after the French mathematician Édouard Goursat, is an algebraic theorem about subgroups of the direct product of two groups. It can be stated more generally in a Goursat variety (and consequently it also holds in any Maltsev variety), from which one recovers a more general version of Zassenhaus'...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuben%20Hersh
Reuben Hersh (December 9, 1927 – January 3, 2020) was an American mathematician and academic, best known for his writings on the nature, practice, and social impact of mathematics. Although he was generally known as Reuben Hersh, late in life he sometimes used the name Reuben Laznovsky in recognition of his father's an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constraint%20algebra
In theoretical physics, a constraint algebra is a linear space of all constraints and all of their polynomial functions or functionals whose action on the physical vectors of the Hilbert space should be equal to zero. For example, in electromagnetism, the equation for the Gauss' law is an equation of motion that does...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi%20Davletov
Fevzi Davletov (born 20 September 1972) is a retired Uzbekistan International football defender. Career statistics International Scores and results list Uzbekistan's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Davletov goal. References External links Bio at playerhistory.com Profile at KLISF 1972 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical%20tangent
In mathematics, particularly calculus, a vertical tangent is a tangent line that is vertical. Because a vertical line has infinite slope, a function whose graph has a vertical tangent is not differentiable at the point of tangency. Limit definition A function ƒ has a vertical tangent at x = a if the difference quotien...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specht%20module
In mathematics, a Specht module is one of the representations of symmetric groups studied by . They are indexed by partitions, and in characteristic 0 the Specht modules of partitions of n form a complete set of irreducible representations of the symmetric group on n points. Definition Fix a partition λ of n and a com...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary%20ring
In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra known as module theory, a ring R is called hereditary if all submodules of projective modules over R are again projective. If this is required only for finitely generated submodules, it is called semihereditary. For a noncommutative ring R, the terms left her...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affiliated%20operator
In mathematics, affiliated operators were introduced by Murray and von Neumann in the theory of von Neumann algebras as a technique for using unbounded operators to study modules generated by a single vector. Later Atiyah and Singer showed that index theorems for elliptic operators on closed manifolds with infinite fun...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditarily%20countable%20set
In set theory, a set is called hereditarily countable if it is a countable set of hereditarily countable sets. Results The inductive definition above is well-founded and can be expressed in the language of first-order set theory. Equivalent properties A set is hereditarily countable if and only if it is countable, an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Mkrtchyan
Arthur Mkrtchyan (, born on 9 September 1973) is an Armenian football coach and a former defender. He was capped 25 times for the Armenia national team. National team statistics External links 1973 births Living people Footballers from Yerevan Soviet men's footballers Armenian men's footballers Armenia men's i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bases%20on%20balls%20per%20nine%20innings%20pitched
In baseball statistics, bases on balls per nine innings pitched (BB/9IP or BB/9) or walks per nine innings (denoted by W/9) is the average number of bases on balls, (or walks) given up by a pitcher per nine innings pitched. It is determined by multiplying the number of bases on balls allowed by nine, and dividing by t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve%20%28category%20theory%29
In category theory, a discipline within mathematics, the nerve N(C) of a small category C is a simplicial set constructed from the objects and morphisms of C. The geometric realization of this simplicial set is a topological space, called the classifying space of the category C. These closely related objects can provid...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20communities%20in%20Manitoba%20by%20population
Manitoba has 81 communities, excluding rural municipalities, that have a population of 1,000 or greater according to the 2021 Census of Canada conducted by Statistics Canada. These communities include cities, towns, villages, reserves inhabited by First Nations, a local government district that is urban in nature, desi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian%20Design%20%28store%29
Scandinavian Design, Inc. was a furniture retailer located in New York City. It was founded in 1955 by Hans Lindblom and his wife Celia, who sold the work of their friend, Swedish designer Bruno Mathsson, under the name Bruno Mathsson Furniture. During the years more and more designs were added, and the store became Sc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fej%C3%A9r%27s%20theorem
In mathematics, Fejér's theorem, named after Hungarian mathematician Lipót Fejér, states the following: Explanation of Fejér's Theorem's Explicitly, we can write the Fourier series of f as where the nth partial sum of the Fourier series of f may be written as where the Fourier coefficients are Then, we can define ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Lovering
Joseph Lovering (25 December 1813 – 18 January 1892) was an American scientist and educator. Biography Lovering graduated from Harvard in 1833. In 1838, he was named Hollis Professor of mathematics and natural philosophy in Harvard. He held this chair until 1888, when he was appointed Professor Emeritus, after 50 yea...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2%20Cacciatore
Niccolò Cacciatore (; 26 January 1770 – 28 January 1841) was an Italian astronomer. Cacciatore was born at Casteltermini, in Sicily. While studying mathematics and physics in Palermo, he became acquainted with Giuseppe Piazzi, head of the Palermo Astronomical Observatory, and became a graduate student assistant at the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strikeouts%20per%20nine%20innings%20pitched
In baseball statistics, strikeouts per nine innings pitched (K/9, SO/9, or SO/9IP) is the mean of strikeouts (or Ks) by a pitcher per nine innings pitched. It is determined by multiplying the number of strikeouts by nine, and dividing by the number of innings pitched. To qualify, a pitcher must have pitched 1,000 innin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete%20Poisson%20equation
In mathematics, the discrete Poisson equation is the finite difference analog of the Poisson equation. In it, the discrete Laplace operator takes the place of the Laplace operator. The discrete Poisson equation is frequently used in numerical analysis as a stand-in for the continuous Poisson equation, although it is al...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admissible%20set
In set theory, a discipline within mathematics, an admissible set is a transitive set such that is a model of Kripke–Platek set theory (Barwise 1975). The smallest example of an admissible set is the set of hereditarily finite sets. Another example is the set of hereditarily countable sets. See also Admissible ord...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code%20%28set%20theory%29
In set theory, a code for a hereditarily countable set is a set such that there is an isomorphism between (ω,E) and (X,) where X is the transitive closure of {x}. If X is finite (with cardinality n), then use n×n instead of ω×ω and (n,E) instead of (ω,E). According to the axiom of extensionality, the identity of a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagata%27s%20conjecture%20on%20curves
In mathematics, the Nagata conjecture on curves, named after Masayoshi Nagata, governs the minimal degree required for a plane algebraic curve to pass through a collection of very general points with prescribed multiplicities. History Nagata arrived at the conjecture via work on the 14th problem of Hilbert, which asks...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neville%27s%20algorithm
In mathematics, Neville's algorithm is an algorithm used for polynomial interpolation that was derived by the mathematician Eric Harold Neville in 1934. Given n + 1 points, there is a unique polynomial of degree ≤ n which goes through the given points. Neville's algorithm evaluates this polynomial. Neville's algorithm...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birch%27s%20theorem
In mathematics, Birch's theorem, named for Bryan John Birch, is a statement about the representability of zero by odd degree forms. Statement of Birch's theorem Let K be an algebraic number field, k, l and n be natural numbers, r1, ..., rk be odd natural numbers, and f1, ..., fk be homogeneous polynomials with coeffic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Louis%20Koszul
Jean-Louis Koszul (; January 3, 1921 – January 12, 2018) was a French mathematician, best known for studying geometry and discovering the Koszul complex. He was a second generation member of Bourbaki. Biography Koszul was educated at the in Strasbourg before studying at the Faculty of Science University of Strasbourg...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunce%20hat%20%28topology%29
In topology, the dunce hat is a compact topological space formed by taking a solid triangle and gluing all three sides together, with the orientation of one side reversed. Simply gluing two sides oriented in the opposite direction would yield a cone much like the dunce cap, but the gluing of the third side results in i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipmap
Clipmapping is a method of clipping a mipmap to a subset of data pertinent to the geometry being displayed. This is useful for loading as little data as possible when memory is limited, such as on a graphics processing unit. The technique is used for LODing in NVIDIA’s implementation of voxel cone tracing. The high-res...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamara%20Davis
Tamara Maree Davis is an Australian astrophysicist. , she is a professor in the School of Mathematics and Physics at the University of Queensland, where she has been employed since 2008. The Australian Academy of Science awarded her their Nancy Millis Medal in 2015, and she was awarded an Australian Laureate Fellows...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmagupta%27s%20identity
In algebra, Brahmagupta's identity says that, for given , the product of two numbers of the form is itself a number of that form. In other words, the set of such numbers is closed under multiplication. Specifically: Both (1) and (2) can be verified by expanding each side of the equation. Also, (2) can be obtained fr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Math%20circle
A math circle is a learning space where participants engage in the depths and intricacies of mathematical thinking, propagate the culture of doing mathematics, and create knowledge. To reach these goals, participants partake in problem-solving, mathematical modeling, the practice of art, and philosophical discourse. So...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error%20exponent
In information theory, the error exponent of a channel code or source code over the block length of the code is the rate at which the error probability decays exponentially with the block length of the code. Formally, it is defined as the limiting ratio of the negative logarithm of the error probability to the block le...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preconditioner
In mathematics, preconditioning is the application of a transformation, called the preconditioner, that conditions a given problem into a form that is more suitable for numerical solving methods. Preconditioning is typically related to reducing a condition number of the problem. The preconditioned problem is then usua...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADHM%20construction
In mathematical physics and gauge theory, the ADHM construction or monad construction is the construction of all instantons using methods of linear algebra by Michael Atiyah, Vladimir Drinfeld, Nigel Hitchin, Yuri I. Manin in their paper "Construction of Instantons." ADHM data The ADHM construction uses the following...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choi%27s%20theorem%20on%20completely%20positive%20maps
In mathematics, Choi's theorem on completely positive maps is a result that classifies completely positive maps between finite-dimensional (matrix) C*-algebras. An infinite-dimensional algebraic generalization of Choi's theorem is known as Belavkin's "Radon–Nikodym" theorem for completely positive maps. Statement Cho...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine%20topology%20%28potential%20theory%29
In mathematics, in the field of potential theory, the fine topology is a natural topology for setting the study of subharmonic functions. In the earliest studies of subharmonic functions, namely those for which where is the Laplacian, only smooth functions were considered. In that case it was natural to consider only...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann%20Schlichting
Hermann Schlichting (22 September 1907 – 15 June 1982) was a German fluid dynamics engineer. Life and work Hermann Schlichting studied from 1926 till 1930 mathematics, physics and applied mechanics at the University of Jena, Vienne and Göttingen. In 1930 he wrote his PhD in Göttingen titled Über das ebene Windschatte...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butson-type%20Hadamard%20matrix
In mathematics, a complex Hadamard matrix H of size N with all its columns (rows) mutually orthogonal, belongs to the Butson-type H(q, N) if all its elements are powers of q-th root of unity, Existence If p is prime and , then can exist only for with integer m and it is conjectured they exist for all such cases ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computable%20ordinal
In mathematics, specifically computability and set theory, an ordinal is said to be computable or recursive if there is a computable well-ordering of a computable subset of the natural numbers having the order type . It is easy to check that is computable. The successor of a computable ordinal is computable, and the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willingness%20to%20communicate
Willingness to communicate (WTC) was originally conceptualised for first language acquisition, and seeks to demonstrate the probability that a speaker will choose to participate in a conversation of their own volition (McCroskey & Baer 1985, cited in MacIntyre et al., 1998). Traditionally, it was seen as a fixed person...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census%20in%20Canada
Statistics Canada conducts a national census of population and census of agriculture every five years and releases the data with a two-year lag. The Census of Population provides demographic and statistical data that is used to plan public services such as health care, education, and transportation; determine federal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leray%20spectral%20sequence
In mathematics, the Leray spectral sequence was a pioneering example in homological algebra, introduced in 1946 by Jean Leray. It is usually seen nowadays as a special case of the Grothendieck spectral sequence. Definition Let be a continuous map of topological spaces, which in particular gives a functor from sheave...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSU%20Faculty%20of%20Mechanics%20and%20Mathematics
The MSU Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics () is a faculty of Moscow State University. History Although lectures in mathematics had been delivered since Moscow State University was founded in 1755, the mathematical and physical department was founded only in 1804. The Mathematics and Mechanics Department was founde...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Bartik
Jean Bartik ( Betty Jean Jennings; December 27, 1924 – March 23, 2011) was one of the original six programmers for the ENIAC computer. Bartik studied mathematics in school then began work at the University of Pennsylvania, first manually calculating ballistics trajectories and then using ENIAC to do so. The other five...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROP%20%28category%20theory%29
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a PROP is a symmetric strict monoidal category whose objects are the natural numbers n identified with the finite sets and whose tensor product is given on objects by the addition on numbers. Because of “symmetric”, for each n, the symmetric group on n letters is given as a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margulis%20lemma
In differential geometry, the Margulis lemma (named after Grigory Margulis) is a result about discrete subgroups of isometries of a non-positively curved Riemannian manifold (e.g. the hyperbolic n-space). Roughly, it states that within a fixed radius, usually called the Margulis constant, the structure of the orbits of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1701%20%28number%29
1701 is the natural number preceding 1702 and following 1700. In mathematics 1701 is an odd number and a Stirling number of the second kind. The number 1701 also has unusual properties as it: belongs to a set of numbers such that contains exactly seven different digits. is a decagonal and a 13-gonal number. is di...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20L.%20Fleiss
Joseph L. Fleiss (November 13, 1937 – June 12, 2003) was an American professor of biostatistics at the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, where he also served as head of the Division of Biostatistics from 1975 to 1992. He is known for his work in mental health statistics, particularly assessing the re...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Tollmien
Walter Tollmien (13 October 1900, in Berlin – 25 November 1968, in Göttingen) was a German fluid dynamicist. Life Walter Tollmien studied from the winter semester 1920–1921 mathematics and physics with Ludwig Prandtl in Göttingen and then from 1924 onwards worked under Prandtl at Kaiser Wilhelm Institute. After a rese...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938%2024%20Hours%20of%20Le%20Mans
The 1938 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 15th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 18 and 19 June 1938. Official results Did not finish Statistics Fastest Lap – #19 Raymond Sommer – 5:13.8 Distance – 3180.94 km Average Speed – 132.539 km/h Trophy winners 13th Rudge-Whitworth Biennial Cup – #28 Adler Index of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical%20distance
In statistics, probability theory, and information theory, a statistical distance quantifies the distance between two statistical objects, which can be two random variables, or two probability distributions or samples, or the distance can be between an individual sample point and a population or a wider sample of point...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance%20reduction
In mathematics, more specifically in the theory of Monte Carlo methods, variance reduction is a procedure used to increase the precision of the estimates obtained for a given simulation or computational effort. Every output random variable from the simulation is associated with a variance which limits the precision of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayley%27s%20nodal%20cubic%20surface
In algebraic geometry, the Cayley surface, named after Arthur Cayley, is a cubic nodal surface in 3-dimensional projective space with four conical points. It can be given by the equation when the four singular points are those with three vanishing coordinates. Changing variables gives several other simple equations d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly%20curve%20%28algebraic%29
In mathematics, the algebraic butterfly curve is a plane algebraic curve of degree six, given by the equation The butterfly curve has a single singularity with delta invariant three, which means it is a curve of genus seven. The only plane curves of genus seven are singular, since seven is not a triangular number,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly%20curve
Butterfly curve may refer to: Butterfly curve (algebraic), a curve defined by a trinomial Butterfly curve (transcendental), a curve based on sine functions Mathematics disambiguation pages
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitangents%20of%20a%20quartic
In the theory of algebraic plane curves, a general quartic plane curve has 28 bitangent lines, lines that are tangent to the curve in two places. These lines exist in the complex projective plane, but it is possible to define quartic curves for which all 28 of these lines have real numbers as their coordinates and ther...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar%20set%20%28potential%20theory%29
In mathematics, in the area of classical potential theory, polar sets are the "negligible sets", similar to the way in which sets of measure zero are the negligible sets in measure theory. Definition A set in (where ) is a polar set if there is a non-constant superharmonic function on such that Note that t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harnack%27s%20curve%20theorem
In real algebraic geometry, Harnack's curve theorem, named after Axel Harnack, gives the possible numbers of connected components that an algebraic curve can have, in terms of the degree of the curve. For any algebraic curve of degree in the real projective plane, the number of components is bounded by The maximum n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemniscate
In algebraic geometry, a lemniscate is any of several figure-eight or -shaped curves. The word comes from the Latin meaning "decorated with ribbons", from the Greek meaning "ribbon", or which alternatively may refer to the wool from which the ribbons were made. Curves that have been called a lemniscate include three...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemniscate%20of%20Gerono
In algebraic geometry, the lemniscate of Gerono, or lemniscate of Huygens, or figure-eight curve, is a plane algebraic curve of degree four and genus zero and is a lemniscate curve shaped like an symbol, or figure eight. It has equation It was studied by Camille-Christophe Gerono. Parameterization Because the curve ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trends%20in%20International%20Mathematics%20and%20Science%20Study
The IEA's Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is a series of international assessments of the mathematics and science knowledge of students around the world. The participating students come from a diverse set of educational systems (countries or regional jurisdictions of countries) in terms of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby%20%28hardware%20description%20language%29
Ruby is a hardware description language designed by in 1986 intended to facilitate the notation and development of integrated circuits via relational algebra and functional programming. It should not be confused with RHDL, a hardware description language based on the 1995 Ruby programming language. References Exter...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craps%20principle
In probability theory, the craps principle is a theorem about event probabilities under repeated iid trials. Let and denote two mutually exclusive events which might occur on a given trial. Then the probability that occurs before equals the conditional probability that occurs given that or occur on the next tria...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slutsky%27s%20theorem
In probability theory, Slutsky’s theorem extends some properties of algebraic operations on convergent sequences of real numbers to sequences of random variables. The theorem was named after Eugen Slutsky. Slutsky's theorem is also attributed to Harald Cramér. Statement Let be sequences of scalar/vector/matrix rando...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distortion%20synthesis
Distortion synthesis is a group of sound synthesis techniques which modify existing sounds to produce more complex sounds (or timbres), usually by using non-linear circuits or mathematics. While some synthesis methods achieve sonic complexity by using many oscillators, distortion methods create a frequency spectrum wh...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20element
In probability theory, random element is a generalization of the concept of random variable to more complicated spaces than the simple real line. The concept was introduced by who commented that the “development of probability theory and expansion of area of its applications have led to necessity to pass from schemes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan%20Needham
Tristan Needham is a British mathematician and professor of mathematics at the University of San Francisco. Education, career and publications Tristan is the son of social anthropologist Rodney Needham of Oxford, England. He attended the Dragon School. Later Needham attended the University of Oxford and studied physi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%20group
R group may refer to: In chemistry: Pendant group or side group Side chain Substituent In mathematics: Tempered representation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynomial%20lemniscate
In mathematics, a polynomial lemniscate or polynomial level curve is a plane algebraic curve of degree 2n, constructed from a polynomial p with complex coefficients of degree n. For any such polynomial p and positive real number c, we may define a set of complex numbers by This set of numbers may be equated to points...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Probability%20Broach
The Probability Broach is a 1979 science fiction novel by American writer L. Neil Smith. It is set in an alternate history, the so-called "Gallatin Universe", where a libertarian society has formed on the North American continent, styled the North American Confederacy (NAC). This history was created when the Declarat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20American%20Confederacy
The North American Confederacy is an alternate history series of novels created by L. Neil Smith. The series begins with The Probability Broach and there are eight sequels. The stories take place in a fictional country of the same name. Novels By publication The Probability Broach (1979) The Venus Belt (1980) The...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science%20and%20technology%20in%20the%20Ottoman%20Empire
During its 600-year existence, the Ottoman Empire made significant advances in science and technology, in a wide range of fields including mathematics, astronomy and medicine. The Islamic Golden Age was traditionally believed to have ended in the thirteenth century, but has been extended to the fifteenth and sixteenth...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap%20product
In algebraic topology the cap product is a method of adjoining a chain of degree p with a cochain of degree q, such that q ≤ p, to form a composite chain of degree p − q. It was introduced by Eduard Čech in 1936, and independently by Hassler Whitney in 1938. Definition Let X be a topological space and R a coefficien...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol%20Garfunkel
Solomon "Sol" Garfunkel born 1943, in Brooklyn, New York, is an American mathematician who has dedicated his career to mathematics education. Since 1980, he has served as the executive director of the award-winning non-profit organization "Consortium for Mathematics and Its Applications", working with teachers, student...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedekind%20psi%20function
In number theory, the Dedekind psi function is the multiplicative function on the positive integers defined by where the product is taken over all primes dividing (By convention, , which is the empty product, has value 1.) The function was introduced by Richard Dedekind in connection with modular functions. The val...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedekind%20function
In number theory, Dedekind function can refer to any of three functions, all introduced by Richard Dedekind Dedekind eta function Dedekind psi function Dedekind zeta function
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cianorte
Cianorte is a municipality in the state of Paraná in Brazil, with an estimated population of 83,816, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics in 2020. History The city was planned as a "garden city" and founded by the Company for the Improvement of the North of Paraná (Companhia Melhoramentos ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular%20part
In mathematics, the regular part of a Laurent series consists of the series of terms with positive powers. That is, if then the regular part of this Laurent series is In contrast, the series of terms with negative powers is the principal part. References Complex analysis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable%20geometry
Variable geometry may refer to: Variable-geometry turbocharger Variable geometry turbomachine Variable geometry Europe, a proposed strategy for European integration Variable Geometry Self-Propelled Battle Droid Variable-sweep wing Wing configuration#Variable geometry ways to alter the shape of an aircraft's wings in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Friedrich%20Gauss%20Prize
The Carl Friedrich Gauss Prize for Applications of Mathematics is a mathematics award, granted jointly by the International Mathematical Union and the German Mathematical Society for "outstanding mathematical contributions that have found significant applications outside of mathematics". The award receives its name fro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse%20Gaussian%20distribution
In probability theory, the inverse Gaussian distribution (also known as the Wald distribution) is a two-parameter family of continuous probability distributions with support on (0,∞). Its probability density function is given by for x > 0, where is the mean and is the shape parameter. The inverse Gaussian distr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical%20modular%20curve
In number theory, the classical modular curve is an irreducible plane algebraic curve given by an equation , such that is a point on the curve. Here denotes the -invariant. The curve is sometimes called , though often that notation is used for the abstract algebraic curve for which there exist various models. A re...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frey%20curve
In mathematics, a Frey curve or Frey–Hellegouarch curve is the elliptic curve associated with a (hypothetical) solution of Fermat's equation The curve is named after Gerhard Frey and (sometimes) . History came up with the idea of associating solutions of Fermat's equation with a completely different mathematical ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20urban%20areas%20in%20the%20Republic%20of%20Ireland%20for%20the%202011%20census
The following table gives all the urban areas in Ireland listed in the Central Statistics Office (CSO) report of the 2011 census. This includes cities, boroughs, and towns with local government councils, and other places identified by the CSO with at least 50 occupied dwellings. Census towns are required to have a loca...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier%E2%80%93Bessel%20series
In mathematics, Fourier–Bessel series is a particular kind of generalized Fourier series (an infinite series expansion on a finite interval) based on Bessel functions. Fourier–Bessel series are used in the solution to partial differential equations, particularly in cylindrical coordinate systems. Definition The Fou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson%20random%20measure
Let be some measure space with -finite measure . The Poisson random measure with intensity measure is a family of random variables defined on some probability space such that i) is a Poisson random variable with rate . ii) If sets don't intersect then the corresponding random variables from i) are mutually inde...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20algebra
The term "information algebra" refers to mathematical techniques of information processing. Classical information theory goes back to Claude Shannon. It is a theory of information transmission, looking at communication and storage. However, it has not been considered so far that information comes from different sources...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bills%20of%20mortality
Bills of mortality were the weekly mortality statistics in London, designed to monitor burials from 1592 to 1595 and then continuously from 1603. The responsibility to produce the statistics was chartered in 1611 to the Worshipful Company of Parish Clerks. The bills covered an area that started to expand as London grew...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagonally%20dominant%20matrix
In mathematics, a square matrix is said to be diagonally dominant if, for every row of the matrix, the magnitude of the diagonal entry in a row is larger than or equal to the sum of the magnitudes of all the other (non-diagonal) entries in that row. More precisely, the matrix A is diagonally dominant if where aij deno...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabi%20conjecture
In the mathematical field of differential geometry, the Calabi conjecture was a conjecture about the existence of certain kinds of Riemannian metrics on certain complex manifolds, made by . It was proved by , who received the Fields Medal and Oswald Veblen Prize in part for his proof. His work, principally an analysis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-Zernike%20polynomials
In mathematics, pseudo-Zernike polynomials are well known and widely used in the analysis of optical systems. They are also widely used in image analysis as shape descriptors. Definition They are an orthogonal set of complex-valued polynomials defined as where and orthogonality on the unit disk is given as where t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Steiner
Mark Steiner (May 6, 1942 – April 6, 2020) was an American-born Israeli professor of philosophy. He taught philosophy of mathematics and physics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Steiner died after contracting COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Biography Mark Steiner was born in the Bronx, New York. He gradua...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20airports%20in%20Serbia
This is the list of airports in Serbia, grouped by type and sorted by location. Airports statistics Airports with number of passengers served per year: List of airports in Serbia Airport names shown in bold indicate the airport has scheduled service with commercial airlines: See also Airports of Serbia Transp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20airports%20in%20Montenegro
This is a list of airports in Montenegro, grouped by type and sorted by location. Passenger statistics Airports with number of passengers served. Airports Airports shown in bold have scheduled service on commercial airlines. See also Transport in Montenegro List of airports by ICAO code: L#LY – Serbia and Monten...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy%27s%20functional%20equation
Cauchy's functional equation is the functional equation: A function that solves this equation is called an additive function. Over the rational numbers, it can be shown using elementary algebra that there is a single family of solutions, namely for any rational constant Over the real numbers, the family of linear...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob%20Klein%20%28philosopher%29
Jacob Klein (March 3, 1899 – July 16, 1978) was a Russian-American philosopher and interpreter of Plato, who worked extensively on the nature and historical origin of modern symbolic mathematics. Biography Klein was born in Libava, Russian Empire. He studied at Berlin and Marburg, where he received his Ph.D. in 1922. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher%20category%20theory
In mathematics, higher category theory is the part of category theory at a higher order, which means that some equalities are replaced by explicit arrows in order to be able to explicitly study the structure behind those equalities. Higher category theory is often applied in algebraic topology (especially in homotopy t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CASM
CASM may refer to: Education Centre for Aboriginal Studies in Music, an educational unit of the University of Adelaide, South Australia Certificate of Advanced Study in Mathematics, a former qualification gained from Cambridge University Galleries and museums Canada Aviation and Space Museum, the national aviation...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20entropy%20function
In information theory, the binary entropy function, denoted or , is defined as the entropy of a Bernoulli process with probability of one of two values. It is a special case of , the entropy function. Mathematically, the Bernoulli trial is modelled as a random variable that can take on only two values: 0 and 1, whic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tournament%20of%20the%20Towns
The Tournament of the Towns (International Mathematics Tournament of the Towns, Турнир Городов, Международный Математический Турнир Городов) is an international mathematical competition for school students originating in Russia. The contest was created by mathematician Nikolay Konstantinov and has participants from ov...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalizations%20of%20Pauli%20matrices
In mathematics and physics, in particular quantum information, the term generalized Pauli matrices refers to families of matrices which generalize the (linear algebraic) properties of the Pauli matrices. Here, a few classes of such matrices are summarized. Multi-qubit Pauli matrices (Hermitian) This method of general...