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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunichiro%20Abe	is a former Japanese football player. Club statistics References External links 1985 births Living people Association football people from Shizuoka Prefecture Japanese men's footballers J1 League players J2 League players Shimizu S-Pulse players Sagan Tosu players Men's association football forwards
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunichi%20Nakajima	is a former Japanese football player. Club statistics References External links jsgoal.jp 1982 births Living people Ryutsu Keizai University alumni Association football people from Gunma Prefecture Japanese men's footballers J1 League players J2 League players Japan Football League players Nagoya Grampus players FC Ryukyu players Mito HollyHock players Men's association football midfielders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maur%C3%ADcio%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201978%29	Maurício Rodrigues Alves Domingues (born 3 July 1978), known as just Maurício, is a former Brazilian football player. Club statistics References External links 1978 births Living people Brazilian men's footballers Brazilian expatriate men's footballers J1 League players Sport Club Corinthians Paulista players Goiás Esporte Clube players Esporte Clube Vitória players Cruzeiro Esporte Clube players Mirassol Futebol Clube players Associação Portuguesa de Desportos players Clube Náutico Capibaribe players Clube Atlético Juventus players Kashiwa Reysol players Expatriate men's footballers in Japan Men's association football midfielders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuya%20Yoshizawa	is a former Japanese football player. Club statistics References External links library.footballjapan.jp 1986 births Living people Association football people from Tochigi Prefecture Japanese men's footballers J1 League players Japan Football League players Kashima Antlers players Kamatamare Sanuki players Men's association football defenders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryo%20Nurishi	is a former Japanese football player. Club statistics References External links Tokyo Verdy 1986 births Living people Waseda University alumni Association football people from Kanagawa Prefecture Japanese men's footballers J1 League players J2 League players Tokyo Verdy players Men's association football defenders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201974%29	Andrey Gustavo dos Santos (born 23 September 1974), known as just Andrey, is a former Brazilian football player. Club statistics References External links biglobe.ne.jp 1974 births Living people Brazilian men's footballers Brazilian expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in Japan J1 League players Sanfrecce Hiroshima players Men's association football forwards
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsutomu%20Matsuda%20%28footballer%29	is a former Japanese football player. Club statistics References External links jsgoal 1983 births Living people Chukyo University alumni Association football people from Aichi Prefecture Japanese men's footballers J1 League players Japan Football League players Ventforet Kofu players FC Gifu players FC Kariya players Men's association football defenders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201985%29	Robert Pereira da Silva (born 10 April 1985) is a former Brazilian football player. Club statistics References External links 1985 births Living people Brazilian men's footballers J1 League players Kashiwa Reysol players Brazilian expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in Japan Men's association football midfielders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquinho%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201976%29	Marcos Bonifacio da Rocha (born 7 March 1976) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Tonan Maebashi. Club statistics References External links 1976 births Living people Brazilian men's footballers Brazilian expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in Japan J2 League players Japan Football League (1992–1998) players Montedio Yamagata players Albirex Niigata players Kawasaki Frontale players Mito HollyHock players Men's association football midfielders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidenori%20Kato	is a Japanese football player. Club statistics References External links 1981 births Living people Fukuoka University alumni Association football people from Mie Prefecture Japanese men's footballers J1 League players J2 League players Japan Football League players Sagan Tosu players Gainare Tottori players Veertien Mie players FC Kagura Shimane players Men's association football defenders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takaaki%20Suzuki	is a former Japanese football player. Club statistics References External links jsgoal 1981 births Living people University of Tsukuba alumni Association football people from Shizuoka Prefecture Japanese men's footballers J2 League players Sagan Tosu players Mito HollyHock players Men's association football forwards
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivaldo%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201975%29	Nivaldo Lourenço da Silva (born 28 September 1975), known simply as Nivaldo, is a former Brazilian football player. Club statistics References External links jsgoal 1975 births Living people Brazilian men's footballers Brazilian expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in Japan J2 League players Montedio Yamagata players Shonan Bellmare players Men's association football midfielders Footballers from Paraná (state)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorginho%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201979%29	Jorge Luiz de Amorim Silva (born 5 September 1979) is a Brazilian football player. Club statistics References External links 1979 births Living people Brazilian men's footballers Brazilian expatriate men's footballers J2 League players Omiya Ardija players Ventforet Kofu players Expatriate men's footballers in Japan Men's association football forwards
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuya%20Iwadate	is a former Japanese football player. Club statistics References External links 1985 births Living people Association football people from Tokyo Japanese men's footballers J2 League players Mito HollyHock players Kamatamare Sanuki players Expatriate men's footballers in Thailand Men's association football forwards
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component%20analysis	Component analysis may refer to one of several topics in statistics: Principal component analysis, a technique that converts a set of observations of possibly correlated variables into a set of values of linearly uncorrelated variables, called principal components Kernel principal component analysis, an extension of principal component analysis using techniques of kernel methods ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis, a method that partitions variation and enables interpretation of these partitions by method similar to principal components analysis Component analysis (statistics), any analysis of two or more independent variables Connected-component analysis, in graph theory, an algorithmic application in which subsets of connected components are uniquely labeled based on a given heuristic Independent component analysis, in signal processing, a computational method for separating a multivariate signal into additive subcomponents Neighbourhood components analysis, an unsupervised learning method for classification multivariate data Componential analysis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabodh%20Chandra%20Goswami	Prabodh Chandra Goswami (1911–1984) was an Indian school teacher who worked in Jenkins School, Cooch Behar from 1951 to 1971. He was one of the most competent Mathematics teachers in the school during that period and also taught other subjects such as English, Bengali and Sanskrit. He graduated with Mathematics in 1933 from Ananda Mohan College, then a part of the University of Calcutta. His batchmate and good friend during his college days included famous magician P. C. Sorcar. In 1958, he was awarded the National Award for Teachers, an award for teaching excellence introduced in India in the same year. Winning this award put Goswami and Jenkins School to limelight within the educational map of West Bengal. He went on to make significant contributions to the educational scenario in Cooch Behar. His contributions included playing a prominent part in the setting up of Cooch Behar Government Polytechnic College in 1964, and carrying out initial teaching responsibilities there. He was the secretary of New Town Girls Higher Secondary School, a Cooch Behar-based girls’ high school. He was a member of the governing body of Nitya Nanda Chatushpathi, an educational institute founded to promote the learning of Sanskrit. Notes References Department of School Education and Literacy, Government of India, "National Award for Teachers", retrieved 2010-05-04 University of Calcutta alumni Indian schoolteachers 1984 deaths 1911 births Educators from West Bengal 20th-century Indian mathematicians 20th-century Indian educators Indian educators Indian mathematicians Educationists from India Ananda Mohan College alumni
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenta%20Hoshihara	is a Japanese football player who plays for Fujieda MYFC. Career On 8 January 2019, Hoshihara joined Fujieda MYFC. Club statistics Updated to 23 February 2017. References External links Profile at Matsumoto Yamaga 1988 births Living people People from Daitō, Osaka Association football people from Osaka Prefecture Japanese men's footballers J1 League players J2 League players J3 League players Gamba Osaka players Mito HollyHock players Giravanz Kitakyushu players Matsumoto Yamaga FC players Thespakusatsu Gunma players Fujieda MYFC players Men's association football defenders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NLab	The nLab is a wiki for research-level notes, expositions and collaborative work, including original research, in mathematics, physics, and philosophy, with a focus on methods from type theory, category theory, and homotopy theory. The nLab espouses the "n-point of view" (a deliberate pun on Wikipedia's "neutral point of view") that type theory, homotopy theory, category theory, and higher category theory provide a useful unifying viewpoint for mathematics, physics and philosophy. The n in n-point of view could refer to either n-categories as found in higher category theory, n-groupoids as found in both homotopy theory and higher category theory, or n-types as found in homotopy type theory. Overview The nLab was originally conceived to provide a repository for ideas (and even new research) generated in the comments on posts at the n-Category Café, a group blog run (at the time) by John C. Baez, David Corfield and Urs Schreiber. Eventually the nLab developed into an independent project, which has since grown to include whole research projects and encyclopedic material. Associated to the nLab is the nForum, an online discussion forum for announcement and discussion of nLab edits (the analog of Wikipedia's "talk" pages) as well as for general discussion of the topics covered in the nLab. The preferred way of contacting the nLab steering committee is to post on the nForum. An experimental sub-project of the nLab is the Publications of the nLab, intended as a journal for refereed research articles that are published online and cross-hyperlinked with the main wiki: this sub-project appears to be inactive as of 2014. The nLab was set up on November 28, 2008 by Urs Schreiber using the Instiki software provided and maintained by Jacques Distler. Since May 2015 it runs on a server at Carnegie Mellon University that is funded in the context of Steve Awodey's Homotopy Type Theory MURI grant. The system administrator is Richard Williamson. The domain ncatlab.org is owned by Urs Schreiber. The nLab is listed on MathOverflow as a standard online mathematics reference to check before asking questions. Many questions and answers link to the nLab for background material. It is one of two wikis mentioned by the mathematical physicist John C. Baez in his review of math blogs for the American Mathematical Society. There is an informal steering committee, which "doesn't run the nLab", but exists in order to resolve issues that would cause the whole project to run into trouble. The content of the wiki is not placed under a specific copyright license. See also MathOverflow References External links nLab nForum Publications of the nLab Mathematics websites Wikis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjunct%20matrix	In mathematics, a logical matrix may be described as d-disjunct and/or d-separable. These concepts play a pivotal role in the mathematical area of non-adaptive group testing. In the mathematical literature, d-disjunct matrices may also be called super-imposed codes or d-cover-free families. According to Chen and Hwang (2006), A matrix is said to be d-separable if no two sets of d columns have the same boolean sum. A matrix is said to be -separable (that's d with an overline) if no two sets of d-or-fewer columns have the same boolean sum. A matrix is said to be d-disjunct if no set of d columns has a boolean sum which is a superset of any other single column. The following relationships are "well-known": Every -separable matrix is also -disjunct. Every -disjunct matrix is also -separable. Every -separable matrix is also -separable (by definition). Concrete examples The following matrix is 2-separable, because each pair of columns has a distinct sum. For example, the boolean sum (that is, the bitwise OR) of the first two columns is ; that sum is not attainable as the sum of any other pair of columns in the matrix. However, this matrix is not 3-separable, because the sum of columns 1, 2, and 3 (namely ) equals the sum of columns 1, 4, and 5. This matrix is also not -separable, because the sum of columns 1 and 8 (namely ) equals the sum of column 1 alone. In fact, no matrix with an all-zero column can possibly be -separable for any . The following matrix is -separable (and thus 2-disjunct) but not 3-disjunct. There are 15 possible ways to choose 3-or-fewer columns from this matrix, and each choice leads to a different boolean sum: However, the sum of columns 2, 3, and 4 (namely ) is a superset of column 1 (namely ), which means that this matrix is not 3-disjunct. Application of d-separability to group testing The non-adaptive group testing problem postulates that we have a test which can tell us, for any set of items, whether that set contains a defective item. We are asked to come up with a series of groupings that can exactly identify all the defective items in a batch of n total items, some d of which are defective. A -separable matrix with rows and columns concisely describes how to use t tests to find the defective items in a batch of n, where the number of defective items is known to be exactly d. A -disjunct matrix (or, more generally, any -separable matrix) with rows and columns concisely describes how to use t tests to find the defective items in a batch of n, where the number of defective items is known to be no more than d. Practical concerns and published results In the limit, for a given n and d, the number of rows t in the smallest d-separable matrix will tend to be smaller than the number of rows t in the smallest d-disjunct matrix. However, if the matrix is to be used for practical testing, some algorithm is needed that can "decode" a test result (that is, a boolean sum such as ) into the indices of the d
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent%20Lafforgue	Vincent Lafforgue (born 20 January 1974) is a French mathematician who is active in algebraic geometry, especially in the Langlands program, and a CNRS "Directeur de Recherches" at the Institute Fourier in Grenoble. He is the younger brother of Fields Medalist Laurent Lafforgue. Awards Lafforgue was awarded the 2000 EMS Prize for his contribution to the K-theory of operator algebras: the proof of the Baum–Connes conjecture for discrete co-compact subgroups of , , and some other locally compact groups, and of more general objects. He participated in the International Mathematical Olympiad and wrote two perfect papers in 1990 and 1991, making him one of only three French mathematicians to win two gold medals (besides Joseph Najnudel, 1997–98, and Aurélien Fourré, 2020-21). Lafforgue was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 2002 in Beijing, China and a Plenary Speaker of the ICM in 2018 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He was awarded the 2019 Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics for his "elegant and groundbreaking contributions to the Langlands program in the function field case", namely for establishing the Langlands Correspondence (the direction from automorphic forms to Galois representations) for connected reductive groups defined over global function fields. References External links Personal webpage 1974 births Living people 20th-century French mathematicians 21st-century French mathematicians Algebraic geometers Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni École Normale Supérieure alumni University of Paris alumni International Mathematical Olympiad participants People from Antony, Hauts-de-Seine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20McDonald%20%28economist%29	James B. McDonald (born c. 1942) is the Clayne L. Pope Professor of Economics at Brigham Young University, specializing in econometrics. He received his B.S. in Mathematics from Utah State University in 1964; his M.S. in Mathematics from Utah State University in 1966; and his Ph.D. in Economics from Purdue University in 1970. His research includes (1) the study of models for the distribution of income and of stock returns and (2) partially adaptive estimators of various econometric models which are robust to many types of misspecification of the error distribution. He has received the following awards for teaching and influential research: BYU Professor of the Year Award (1986), the Robert Mehr Research Award Journal of Risk and Insurance (2002), the Brigham Service Award Brigham Young University (2003); Fellow, Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters (2003); and the Clayne L. Pope Professorship, Brigham Young University (2006). References External links 21st-century American economists 1940s births Living people Utah State University alumni Purdue University alumni Brigham Young University faculty
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takahiko%20Yamanouchi	was a Japanese theoretical physicist, known for group theory in quantum mechanics first proposed by Yamanouchi in Japan. Yamanouchi was born in Kanagawa, graduated in physics from the Imperial University of Tokyo in 1926. From 1926 to 1927 he was a research associate at the Imperial University of Tokyo. From 1927 to 1931 he was a professor at the Tokyo Higher School. He joined the faculty of the Imperial University of Tokyo in 1929 as a lecturer of engineering and became a full professor in 1942. He was a professor of physics at the University of Tokyo from 1949 to his retirement in 1963. During 1959–1961 he was the dean of the faculty of science. In 1956 he was awarded the Japan Academy Prize for "application of group theory to the theory of atomic spectra". See also Group theory Quantum mechanics Notes Bibliography Mathematical physicists Japanese physicists Academic staff of the University of Tokyo University of Tokyo alumni 1902 births 1986 deaths Theoretical physicists People from Kanagawa Prefecture Presidents of the Physical Society of Japan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Dorfman	Robert Dorfman (27 October 1916 – 24 June 2002) was professor of political economy at Harvard University. Dorfman made great contributions to the fields of economics, statistics, group testing and in the process of coding theory. His paper—'The Detection of Defective Members of Large Populations' (1943) is a landmark in the sphere of Combinatorial Group Testing. To quote collaborator and Nobel laureate Robert M. Solow—"After starting his career as a statistician—his paper 'The Detection of Defective Members of Large Populations' (1943) is still a landmark—he turned to economics at the moment when linear models of production and allocation captured the profession's imagination." Dorfman co-authored Linear Programming and Economic Analysis with Solow and economist Paul A. Samuelson. Biography Dorfman was born in New York on 27 October 1916. He received his B.A. in Mathematical Statistics from Columbia College, NY in 1936 and his M.A. from Columbia University in 1937. In 1939 he published an important paper on the so-called delta method, widely used in statistics to establish parameters of non-linear functions of random variables. He worked for the federal government as a statistician for 4 years, starting in 1939 and also served as an operations analyst for the United States Army Air Forces during the Second World War. In 1946, he enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley and got his Ph.D. in Economics in 1950 with thesis titled Applications of Linear Programming to the Theory of the Firm. Dorfman finally moved to Harvard in 1955. Dorfman's career at Harvard spanned 32 years. Professor of Economics from 1955 to 1972, Dorfman became the David A. Wells Professor of Political Economy in 1972, a position he held until his retirement in 1987. According to his wife Nancy, Dorfman turned to mathematics as an alternative to poetry after realizing that he did not have a future as a poet. According to the Harvard Gazette, "His lifelong love of poetry and literature was reflected in the clarity and grace with which he was able to explain complex economics in simple language, widely remarked upon by his colleagues." Dorfman received many honors, including a Guggenheim Fellowship and two Ford Faculty Research Fellowships; he was named a Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. From 1976 to 1984, he served as editor of the Quarterly Journal of Economics. During his long and wide-ranging career, Dorfman was vice president of the American Economic Association, vice president of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, and member of several committees focused on environmental concerns. He chaired the National Research Council's Committee on Prototype Analysis of Pesticides in 1978. He was elected to the 2002 class of Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences. To quote Solow, "Always polite, even self-deprecating, never asse
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragostin	Dragostin (before 1934 called Borzhoza) is a ruined mountain village now in the municipality of Gotse Delchev, in Blagoevgrad Province, Bulgaria. According to the statistics of Bulgarian ethnographer Vasil Kanchov from 1900 the settlement is recorded as "Bordjova Çiftlik" with 70 inhabitants, all Bulgarian Exarchists. Served by a poor road, and surrounded by woodland, the village had fewer than twenty houses and stood about three kilometres to the west of the centre of Gotse Delchev. The population slowly left because there were no modern amenities and because access to the neighbouring town was difficult. Due to having no permanent residents, nor any other activity for many years, and after a plea from the Municipality, on 29 February 2008 Dragostin was removed from the official list of villages and the whole of its area was transferred into the administration of Gotse Delchev. The electric supply was cut off some years ago. Although some of the former village's houses are still standing, they are not lived in, so are in decay, and some are thought to be in a dangerous state. However, a church standing just outside the village is reported to be still in good condition. References Villages in Blagoevgrad Province
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldea%20Apeleg	Aldea Apeleg is a village and rural municipality that is located in the southwest of the Chubut Province in southern Argentina. According to the Argentine National Institute of Statistics and Census (INDEC), as of 2010 Aldea Apeleg had 126 inhabitants, a 2.3% increase since the 2001 census where 119 inhabitants were recorded. References Populated places in Chubut Province
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficiency%20%28statistics%29	In statistics, efficiency is a measure of quality of an estimator, of an experimental design, or of a hypothesis testing procedure. Essentially, a more efficient estimator needs fewer input data or observations than a less efficient one to achieve the Cramér–Rao bound. An efficient estimator is characterized by having the smallest possible variance, indicating that there is a small deviance between the estimated value and the "true" value in the L2 norm sense. The relative efficiency of two procedures is the ratio of their efficiencies, although often this concept is used where the comparison is made between a given procedure and a notional "best possible" procedure. The efficiencies and the relative efficiency of two procedures theoretically depend on the sample size available for the given procedure, but it is often possible to use the asymptotic relative efficiency (defined as the limit of the relative efficiencies as the sample size grows) as the principal comparison measure. Estimators The efficiency of an unbiased estimator, T, of a parameter θ is defined as where is the Fisher information of the sample. Thus e(T) is the minimum possible variance for an unbiased estimator divided by its actual variance. The Cramér–Rao bound can be used to prove that e(T) ≤ 1. Efficient estimators An efficient estimator is an estimator that estimates the quantity of interest in some “best possible” manner. The notion of “best possible” relies upon the choice of a particular loss function — the function which quantifies the relative degree of undesirability of estimation errors of different magnitudes. The most common choice of the loss function is quadratic, resulting in the mean squared error criterion of optimality. In general, the spread of an estimator around the parameter θ is a measure of estimator efficiency and performance. This performance can be calculated by finding the mean squared error. More formally, let T be an estimator for the parameter θ. The mean squared error of T is the value , which can be decomposed as a sum of its variance and bias: An estimator T1 performs better than an estimator T2 if . For a more specific case, if T1 and T2 are two unbiased estimators for the same parameter θ, then the variance can be compared to determine performance. In this case, T2 is more efficient than T1 if the variance of T2 is smaller than the variance of T1, i.e. for all values of θ. This relationship can be determined by simplifying the more general case above for mean squared error; since the expected value of an unbiased estimator is equal to the parameter value, . Therefore, for an unbiased estimator, , as the term drops out for being equal to 0. If an unbiased estimator of a parameter θ attains for all values of the parameter, then the estimator is called efficient. Equivalently, the estimator achieves equality in the Cramér–Rao inequality for all θ. The Cramér–Rao lower bound is a lower bound of the variance of an unbiased estimat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Save%20the%20Children%20State%20of%20the%20World%27s%20Mothers%20report	The Save the Children State of the World's Mothers report (SOWM report) is an annual report by the Save the Children USA, which compiles statistics on the health of mothers and children and uses them to produce rankings of more than 170 countries, showing where mothers fare best and where they face the greatest hardships. The rankings are presented in the Mothers’ Index, which has been produced annually since the year 2000. The 2014 report focuses on saving mothers and children in humanitarian crises. It finds that over half the 800 maternal and 18,000 child deaths every day take place in fragile settings which are at high risk of conflict and are particularly vulnerable to the effects of natural disasters. The 2014 report ranks Finland the number one place to be a mother. Somalia in the Horn of Africa replaced Democratic Republic of the Congo (ranking 178th) as the worst place in the world to be a mother. The United States is down one spot from 2013, ranking 31st. Statistics show that 1 in 27 women from the bottom ranking countries will die from pregnancy-related causes. In addition, 1 in 7 children will die before his or her fifth birthday. The 2015 report is the last edition of the report published on the Save the Children website. 2014 SOWM Report: Key Findings More than 60 million women and children are in need of humanitarian assistance this year. Violence and conflict have uprooted more families than at any time on record. Since the Mothers’ Index was launched in 2000, the majority of the bottom 10 countries have been in the midst of, or emerging from, a recent humanitarian emergency. Civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has led to horrific abuses against women and children, and claimed more than 5.4 million lives. But less than 10 percent of these deaths have occurred in combat. Most deaths have been due to preventable or treatable causes such as malaria, diarrhea, pneumonia, newborn causes and malnutrition. Syria's civil war has had a devastating impact on mothers and children. At least 1.3 million children and 650,000 women have fled the conflict and become refugees in neighboring countries, while over 9 million people inside Syria are in need of lifesaving humanitarian assistance. The Philippines’ resiliency is being tested by more frequent and increasingly severe emergencies. Typhoon Haiyan on November 8, 2013 was one of the most destructive typhoons to ever hit land. It killed more than 6,000 people, devastated more than 2,000 hospitals and health clinics and destroyed countless health records and computer systems. In the United States, despite the lessons learned from Hurricane Katrina and other recent disasters, many gaps remain in emergency planning and preparedness. While the conditions facing mothers and children in the U.S. are very different from those in developing or middle-income countries, there are common challenges, including the resilience of health care and other essential services, and the ex
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens%20Franke	Jens Franke (born 28 June 1964) is a German mathematician. He has held a chair at the University of Bonn's Hausdorff Center for Mathematics since 1992. Franke's research has covered various problems of number theory, algebraic geometry and analysis on locally symmetric spaces. Franke attended the University of Jena, where he earned his PhD under Hans Triebel in 1986. He was awarded the EMS Prize in 1992, and the Oberwolfach Prize in 1993. In recent years, Franke worked on an implementation of the Number Field Sieve algorithm for prime decomposition. In May 2007, he and his colleague Thorsten Kleinjung announced the factorization of M1039, the 1,039th Mersenne number. References External links Franke's Website at the University of Bonn 1964 births Living people 20th-century German mathematicians 21st-century German mathematicians University of Jena alumni Academic staff of the University of Bonn
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%20Berndtsson	Bo Berndtsson (born 24 December 1950), is a Swedish mathematician. His main contributions concern the theory of several complex variables and complex geometry. He gained in 1971 a BA degree from the University of Gothenburg in Sweden and obtained his PhD in 1977 under the direction of Tord Ganelius. Since 1996 he has been a professor at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg. He has also been a guest professor at UCLA in Los Angeles, Université de Paris, Université Paul Sabatier in Toulouse, UAB in Barcelona and IPN in Mexico City. Berndtsson has been a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences since 2003. In 1995 he was awarded the Göran Gustafsson Prize. For 2017 he received the Stefan Bergman Prize. Mathematical work Berndtsson's first results concern zero sets of holomorphic functions, and in 1981 he showed that any divisor with finite area in the unit ball in the two-dimensional complex space is defined by a bounded holomorphic function (which is not true in higher dimensions). In the 1980s he also developed (together with Mats Andersson) a formalism to generate weighted integral representation formulas for holomorphic functions and solutions to the so-called dbar-equation, which is the higher-dimensional generalization of the Cauchy–Riemann equations in the plane. This formalism led to new results concerning division and interpolation of holomorphic functions. In the 1990s Berndtsson started to work with L^2 methods that had been introduced by Lars Hörmander, Joseph J. Kohn and others in the 1960s and he modified these methods to obtain uniform estimates for the dbar-equation. At this time he also achieved results about interpolation and sampling in Hilbert spaces of holomorphic functions using L^2-estimates. More recently Berndtsson has worked on global problems on complex manifolds. In a series of papers starting in 2005 he has obtained positivity results for the curvature of holomorphic vector bundles naturally associated to holomorphic fibrations. These vector bundles arise as the zeroth direct images of the adjoint of an ample line bundle over the fibration. The case of a trivial line bundle was considered in earlier work by Phillip Griffiths in connection to variations of Hodge structures and by Fujita, Kawamata and Eckart Viehweg in algebraic geometry. Berndtsson has also explored applications of these positivity results in Kähler geometry (e.g., to geodesics in the space of Kähler metrics ) and algebraic geometry (e.g., a new proof of the Kawamata subadjunction formula in a collaboration with Mihai Păun). Further activities Bo Berndtsson was a singer in the Swedish prog rock group Love Explosion that was founded in the late sixties.* References External links Bo Berndtsson at Chalmers University of Technology Mathematics Genealogy Project Love explosion 20th-century Swedish mathematicians Living people 1950 births Academic staff of the Chalmers University of Technology 21st-century Swedish mathemat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subindependence	In probability theory and statistics, subindependence is a weak form of independence. Two random variables X and Y are said to be subindependent if the characteristic function of their sum is equal to the product of their marginal characteristic functions. Symbolically: This is a weakening of the concept of independence of random variables, i.e. if two random variables are independent then they are subindependent, but not conversely. If two random variables are subindependent, and if their covariance exists, then they are uncorrelated. Subindependence has some peculiar properties: for example, there exist random variables X and Y that are subindependent, but X and αY are not subindependent when α ≠ 1 and therefore X and Y are not independent. One instance of subindependence is when a random variable X is Cauchy with location 0 and scale s and another random variable Y=X, the antithesis of independence. Then X+Y is also Cauchy but with scale 2s. The characteristic function of either X or Y in t is then exp(-s·\|t\|), and the characteristic function of X+Y is exp(-2s·\|t\|)=exp(-s·\|t\|)2. Notes References Further reading Independence (probability theory)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309%20FK%20Partizan%20season	The 2008–09 season was FK Partizan's 3rd season in Serbian SuperLiga. This article shows player statistics and all matches (official and friendly) that the club played during the 2008–09 season. Tournaments Players Squad information Competitions Serbian SuperLiga Overview League table Matches Serbian Cup UEFA Champions League Qualifying phase UEFA Cup First round Group stage Friendlies External links Official website Partizanopedia 2008-2009 (in Serbian) FK Partizan seasons Partizan Serbian football championship-winning seasons
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20asymptotic%20normality	In statistics, local asymptotic normality is a property of a sequence of statistical models, which allows this sequence to be asymptotically approximated by a normal location model, after a rescaling of the parameter. An important example when the local asymptotic normality holds is in the case of i.i.d sampling from a regular parametric model. The notion of local asymptotic normality was introduced by . Definition A sequence of parametric statistical models } is said to be locally asymptotically normal (LAN) at θ if there exist matrices rn and Iθ and a random vector such that, for every converging sequence , where the derivative here is a Radon–Nikodym derivative, which is a formalised version of the likelihood ratio, and where o is a type of big O in probability notation. In other words, the local likelihood ratio must converge in distribution to a normal random variable whose mean is equal to minus one half the variance: The sequences of distributions and are contiguous. Example The most straightforward example of a LAN model is an iid model whose likelihood is twice continuously differentiable. Suppose } is an iid sample, where each Xi has density function . The likelihood function of the model is equal to If f is twice continuously differentiable in θ, then Plugging in , gives By the central limit theorem, the first term (in parentheses) converges in distribution to a normal random variable , whereas by the law of large numbers the expression in second parentheses converges in probability to Iθ, which is the Fisher information matrix: Thus, the definition of the local asymptotic normality is satisfied, and we have confirmed that the parametric model with iid observations and twice continuously differentiable likelihood has the LAN property. See also Asymptotic distribution Notes References Asymptotic theory (statistics)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iman%20Heydari	Iman Heydari (; born January 21, 1983) is an Iranian footballer who played for Paykan in the Azadegan League. Club career Heydari joined Rah Ahan F.C. in 2009 Club career statistics Assist Goals Honours Club Hazfi Cup Runner up:1 2011–12 with Shahin Bushehr References 1983 births Living people Rah Ahan Tehran F.C. players Paykan F.C. players Zob Ahan Esfahan F.C. players Persian Gulf Pro League players Azadegan League players Iranian men's footballers Men's association football forwards Place of birth missing (living people)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Biran	Paul Ian Biran (; born 25 February 1969) is an Israeli mathematician. He holds a chair at ETH Zurich. His research interests include symplectic geometry and algebraic geometry. Education Born in Romania in 1969, Biran's family moved to Israel in 1971. He attended Tel Aviv University, where he earned his Bachelor's degree in 1994 and Ph.D. in 1997 under supervision of Leonid Polterovich (thesis: Geometry of Symplectic Packing). Career From 1997 to 1999, Biran was a "Szego Assistant Professor" at Stanford University. At Tel Aviv University, he was a lecturer from 1997 to 2001, a senior lecturer from 2001 to 2005, an associate professor in 2005, and a full professor in 2008. In 2009, Biran became a full professor of mathematics at ETH Zurich. Awards Biran was awarded the Oberwolfach Prize in 2003, the EMS Prize in 2004, and the Erdős Prize in 2006. In 2013 he became a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. Publications See also Nagata–Biran conjecture References External links Website at Tel-Aviv University 1969 births Living people Romanian Jews Romanian emigrants to Israel 21st-century Israeli mathematicians Tel Aviv University alumni Academic staff of ETH Zurich Algebraic geometers Members of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina Scientists from Bucharest Erdős Prize recipients
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehdi%20Tajik	Mehdi Tajik (born March 11, 1979) is an Iranian Football player who currently plays for Paykan of the Iran Pro League. Club career Club career statistics Last Update 30 September 2010 Assist Goals References 1979 births Living people Iranian men's footballers Paykan F.C. players Men's association football defenders Place of birth missing (living people)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20Boundaries%20%28contest%29	No Boundaries is a national competition sponsored by USA Today and NASA. It encourages high school students to learn about careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (the STEM fields). Students may enter individually, or as a group of up to four. Entrants create a project about a career in STEM, which may vary greatly in format. In 2008, the first-place group of four made a PowerPoint presentation called "It's Electric", about electrical engineering. In 2009, the contest was won by four girls who created a website about astrobiology. The group who won the second-place prize in 2009 made a "cookbook" with recipes for how to become a food scientist for NASA; third place that year created a simple home-made yarn-bound storybook. First place winners receive $2000 to split between members of a group, and a trip to NASA's Kennedy Space Center. Currently (as of the year 2012), No Boundaries is out of funds and is not supplying the contest or the prize. Though, some schools still enforce this contest without a prize. Sources Competitions in the United States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomathematics	Geomathematics (also: mathematical geosciences, mathematical geology, mathematical geophysics) is the application of mathematical methods to solve problems in geosciences, including geology and geophysics, and particularly geodynamics and seismology. Applications Geophysical fluid dynamics Geophysical fluid dynamics develops the theory of fluid dynamics for the atmosphere, ocean and Earth's interior. Applications include geodynamics and the theory of the geodynamo. Geophysical inverse theory Geophysical inverse theory is concerned with analyzing geophysical data to get model parameters. It is concerned with the question: What can be known about the Earth's interior from measurements on the surface? Generally there are limits on what can be known even in the ideal limit of exact data. The goal of inverse theory is to determine the spatial distribution of some variable (for example, density or seismic wave velocity). The distribution determines the values of an observable at the surface (for example, gravitational acceleration for density). There must be a forward model predicting the surface observations given the distribution of this variable. Applications include geomagnetism, magnetotellurics and seismology. Fractals and complexity Many geophysical data sets have spectra that follow a power law, meaning that the frequency of an observed magnitude varies as some power of the magnitude. An example is the distribution of earthquake magnitudes; small earthquakes are far more common than large earthquakes. This is often an indicator that the data sets have an underlying fractal geometry. Fractal sets have a number of common features, including structure at many scales, irregularity, and self-similarity (they can be split into parts that look much like the whole). The manner in which these sets can be divided determine the Hausdorff dimension of the set, which is generally different from the more familiar topological dimension. Fractal phenomena are associated with chaos, self-organized criticality and turbulence. Fractal Models in the Earth Sciences by Gabor Korvin was one of the earlier books on the application of Fractals in the Earth Sciences. Data assimilation Data assimilation combines numerical models of geophysical systems with observations that may be irregular in space and time. Many of the applications involve geophysical fluid dynamics. Fluid dynamic models are governed by a set of partial differential equations. For these equations to make good predictions, accurate initial conditions are needed. However, often the initial conditions are not very well known. Data assimilation methods allow the models to incorporate later observations to improve the initial conditions. Data assimilation plays an increasingly important role in weather forecasting. Geophysical statistics Some statistical problems come under the heading of mathematical geophysics, including model validation and quantifying uncertainty. Terrestrial Tomography
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilien%20Winter	Maximilien Winter (1871–1935) was a French philosopher of mathematics. In 1893 Winter helped Xavier Léon to found the Revue de métaphysique et de morale. After the First World War Winter ran the Supplément of the Revue until his death in 1935. Works La méthode dans la philosophie des mathématiques [Method in the philosophy of mathematics], Paris: F. Alcan, 1911 References External links Year of birth unknown 1935 deaths Philosophers of mathematics French philosophers 1871 births French male writers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-comparison%20error%20rate	In statistics, per-comparison error rate (PCER) is the probability of a Type I error in the absence of any multiple hypothesis testing correction. This is a liberal error rate relative to the false discovery rate and family-wise error rate, in that it is always less than or equal to those rates. References Statistical hypothesis testing Rates
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hossein%20Pashaei	Hossein Pashaei (born March 7, 1979) is an Iranian footballer. Club career Pashaei joined Rah Ahan F.C. in 2007. Club Career Statistics Last Update 10 May 2014 Assist Goals References 1979 births Living people Rah Ahan Tehran F.C. players PAS Tehran F.C. players Persian Gulf Pro League players Iranian men's footballers Men's association football midfielders Place of birth missing (living people)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20for%20Health%20Metrics%20and%20Evaluation	The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) is a research institute working in the area of global health statistics and impact evaluation at the University of Washington in Seattle. The Institute is headed by Christopher J.L. Murray, a physician and health economist, and professor at the University of Washington Department of Global Health, which is part of the School of Medicine. IHME conducts research and trains scientists, policymakers, and the public in health metrics concepts, methods, and tools. Its mission includes judging the effectiveness and efficacy of health initiatives and national health systems. IHME also trains students at the post-baccalaureate and post-graduate levels. In 2020, IHME published its model projecting deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the US, and informed guidelines developed by the Trump administration. History IHME was launched in June 2007 on a core grant of $105 million primarily funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Among its earliest projects was to produce new estimates of mortality rates, which were published in The Lancet in September 2007. The Institute updated these in 2010 and again in 2014. It has published maternal, child, and adult mortality estimates as well. Founding board members included Chair Julio Frenk, Dean of the Harvard School of Public Health; Harvey Fineberg, President of the Institute of Medicine; Gro Harlem Brundtland, former Prime Minister of Norway; Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the Minister of Health for Ethiopia; K. Srinath Reddy, President of the Public Health Foundation of India; Tomris Turmen, President of the International Children's Center and Head of the Department of Pediatrics/Newborn Medicine at the University of Ankara Medical School in Ankara, Turkey; Lincoln Chen, President of the China Medical Board; Jane Halton, who has served as Secretary of the Department of Health and Ageing in Australia, as well as the Department of Finance; and David Roux, Co-Chief Executive of Silver Lake Partners. IHME's current board members are Frenk; Fineberg; Chen; Halton; and Roux, in addition to Stephen J. Cucchiaro, Chief Investment Officer of Windhaven Investment Management; Sally Davies, Chief Medical Officer (CMO) for England; and John W. Stanton, managing director of Trilogy Partnership. In 2011, IHME co-sponsored the first Global Health Metrics & Evaluation conference in Seattle with The Lancet, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Harvard School of Public Health, and University of Queensland School of Population Health. In 2017, the Gates Foundation provided IHME with another $279 million grant. Research IHME gathers health-related data and develops analytical tools to track trends in mortality, diseases, and risk factors, and capsulizes many of its research findings in data visualizations. It evaluates interventions such as vaccines, malaria control policies, cancer screenings, and birth care. To enable researchers to replicate IHME's work and to
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald%20Swindle	Gerald Swindle (born December 17, 1969) is a professional bass angler from Hayden, Alabama. He was named the 2004 and 2016 Bassmaster Angler of the Year. Competitive statistics Sponsorships Swindle is sponsored by Vicious Fishing, Phoenix, Mercury Marine, 2 Handee, Moonpie Company, Lucky Craft, Arkie Jigs, MotorGuide, War Eagle Lures, Quantum Rods/Reels, Oakley, Vault, Toyota, Trokar, Zoom Bait Company, T-H Marine, Total Pain Solutions, and Sealy Outdoors. References Gerald Swindle at Bassmaster Living people People from Blount County, Alabama 1969 births American fishers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachner%20moves	In topology, a branch of mathematics, Pachner moves, named after Udo Pachner, are ways of replacing a triangulation of a piecewise linear manifold by a different triangulation of a homeomorphic manifold. Pachner moves are also called bistellar flips. Any two triangulations of a piecewise linear manifold are related by a finite sequence of Pachner moves. Definition Let be the -simplex. is a combinatorial n-sphere with its triangulation as the boundary of the n+1-simplex. Given a triangulated piecewise linear (PL) n-manifold , and a co-dimension 0 subcomplex together with a simplicial isomorphism , the Pachner move on N associated to C is the triangulated manifold . By design, this manifold is PL-isomorphic to but the isomorphism does not preserve the triangulation. See also Flip graph Unknotting problem References . Topology Geometric topology Structures on manifolds
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophia%20Mathematica	Philosophia Mathematica is a philosophical journal devoted to the philosophy of mathematics, published by Oxford University Press. The journal publishes three issues per year. External links Philosophia Mathematica @ Oxford Journals Philosophy of mathematics journals Logic journals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masoud%20Gholamalizad	Masoud Gholamalizad (born September 6, 1979) is an Iranian footballer who plays for PAS Hamedan in the Azadegan League. Club career Gholamalizad joined Paykan F.C. in 2009 Club career statistics References 1979 births Living people Malavan F.C. players Paykan F.C. players Iranian men's footballers Saba Qom F.C. players Men's association football goalkeepers Place of birth missing (living people)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20DeVore	Ronald Alvin DeVore (born May 14, 1941) is an American mathematician and academic. He is the Walter E. Koss Professor and a Distinguished Professor of Mathematics at Texas A&M University. DeVore is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences and a fellow of the American Mathematical Society. Academic biography DeVore received a B.S. from Eastern Michigan University in 1964 and a Ph.D. in mathematics from Ohio State University in 1967 under the supervision of Ranko Bojanic. From 1968 to 1977 he was at Oakland University. In 1977 he became a professor at the University of South Carolina, where he served as the Robert L. Sumwalt Professor of Mathematics from 1986 to 2005. From 1999 to 2005 he also served as the director of the Industrial Mathematics Institutes, which he founded. In 2005 he retired from the University of South Carolina. Since 2008 he has been the Walter E. Koss Professor at Texas A&M University and will be named Distinguished Professor in Fall 2010. DeVore has been a visiting professor at a number of universities around the world, including: Ohio State University (1967–1968), the University of Alberta (1971–1972), University of Erlangen–Nuremberg (1975–1976), University of Bonn (1977, 1978, 1979), Texas A&M University (1983), Scuola Normale di Pisa (1984), the University of Wisconsin (1983–1984, 1985, 1991), Purdue University (1990), the University of Paris VI (1996, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005), Princeton University (1997–1998), RWTH Aachen University (2002), the University of Maryland (2004–2005), Rice University (2005–2006), the Courant Institute at New York University (2006–2007), and the Fondation Sciences Mathématiques de Paris (2009–2010). Research DeVore has been active in the development of many areas of applied mathematics such as numerical analysis of partial differential equations, machine learning algorithms, approximation of functions, wavelet transforms, and statistics. He has also made significant contributions to the theory of compressive sensing. Awards and honors DeVore has received numerous awards, including an Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship from 1975 to 1976, the Journal of Complexity Outstanding Paper Award in 2000, the Bulgarian Gold Medal of Science in 2001, the Humboldt Prize in 2002, the ICS Hot Paper Award in 2003, an honorary doctorate from RWTH Aachen University in 2004, and the SPIE Wavelet Pioneer Award in 2007. He was also a plenary lecturer at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 2006. In 2001 he became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and in 2007 he became a member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society. From 2000 to 2002 he was the Chair of the Society for the Foundations of Computational Mathematics In 2017 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. He was named a SIAM Fellow in 2018. References External links DeVore's web page at Texas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIAM%20Journal%20on%20Matrix%20Analysis%20and%20Applications	The SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications (until 1989: SIAM Journal on Algebraic and Discrete Methods) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering matrix analysis and its applications. The relevant applications include signal processing, systems and control theory, statistics, Markov chains, mathematical biology, graph theory, and data science. The journal is published by the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. The founding editor-in-chief was Gene H. Golub, who established the journal in 1980. The current editor is Michele Benzi (Scuola Normale Superiore). See also Michele Benzi External links Mathematics journals Academic journals established in 1980 English-language journals Quarterly journals Matrix Analysis and Applications
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Howard%20%28mathematician%29	John Howard (1753–1799), was a British schoolmaster and poet who as a mathematician worked on the geometry of the sphere. Biography Howard was born in the Fort George garrison, near Inverness, in 1753. He was the son of Ralph Howard, a private in the British Army, and he was brought up by relations in Carlisle. After being apprenticed to an uncle as a cork-cutter at the age of thirteen, he worked as a sailor, carpenter and flax-dresser. After developing interests in reading and mathematics, he opened a school near Carlisle. Under the patronage of Edmund Law, Bishop of Carlisle, he was appointed master at the Carlisle Grammar School. A love affair forced him to abandon a plan to become a priest of the Church of England, and instead when the bishop's son John Law was appointed bishop of Clonfert in 1782 Howard became his steward. In 1786, Howard lost his job and had to return to Carlisle after "an unfortunate marriage". Loss of the stewardship forced him to resume teaching until 1794, when he moved to Newcastle-on-Tyne. There, he rented the school-house built by Dr Charles Hutton and gained a position as instructor. 1798 saw the appearance of his long-projected Treatise on Spherical Geometry, after which his health rapidly declined. He died on 26 March 1799, aged 46, near Newcastle, and was buried in St John's churchyard. The epitaph on Howard's tombstone records many other ingenious mathematical and poetical pieces. References Heads of schools in England Scottish mathematicians People from Inverness 1799 deaths 1753 births
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoeffding%27s%20independence%20test	In statistics, Hoeffding's test of independence, named after Wassily Hoeffding, is a test based on the population measure of deviation from independence where is the joint distribution function of two random variables, and and are their marginal distribution functions. Hoeffding derived an unbiased estimator of that can be used to test for independence, and is consistent for any continuous alternative. The test should only be applied to data drawn from a continuous distribution, since has a defect for discontinuous , namely that it is not necessarily zero when . This drawback can be overcome by taking an integration with respect to . This modified measure is known as Blum–Kiefer–Rosenblatt coefficient. A paper published in 2008 describes both the calculation of a sample based version of this measure for use as a test statistic, and calculation of the null distribution of this test statistic. See also Correlation Kendall's tau Spearman's rank correlation coefficient Distance correlation References Primary sources Wassily Hoeffding, A non-parametric test of independence, Annals of Mathematical Statistics 19: 293–325, 1948. (JSTOR) Hollander and Wolfe, Non-parametric statistical methods (Section 8.7), 1999. Wiley. Covariance and correlation Nonparametric statistics Statistical tests
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston%20Milhaud	Gaston Milhaud (10 August 1858, Nîmes – 1 October 1918, Paris) was a French philosopher and historian of science. Gaston Milhaud studied mathematics with Gaston Darboux at the École Normale Supérieure. In 1881 he took a teaching post at the University of Le Havre. In 1891 he became professor of mathematics at Montpellier University, and in 1895 became professor of philosophy there. In 1909 a chair in the history of philosophy in its relationship to the sciences was created for him at the Sorbonne. Milhaud's successor in the chair was Abel Rey. Works Leçons sur les origines de la science grecque, Paris, F.Alcan, 1893 Essai sur les conditions et les limites de la certitude logique, 1894 Le rationnel: études complémentaires à l'Essai sur la certitude logique, 1898 Les philosophes-géomètres de la Grèce, Platon et ses prédécesseurs, Paris, 1900 Études sur la pensée scientifique chez les Grecs et chez les modernes, Paris, 1906 Nouvelles études sur l'histoire de la pensée scientifique, 1910 Descartes savant, Paris, 1921 La philosophie de Charles Renouvier, 1927 Études sur Cournot, 1927 References 1858 births 1918 deaths French philosophers Philosophers of science Historians of science French historians of mathematics French male non-fiction writers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20W.%20J.%20Olver	Frank William John Olver (December 15, 1924 – April 23, 2013) was a professor of mathematics at the Institute for Physical Science and Technology and Department of Mathematics at the University of Maryland who worked on asymptotic analysis, special functions, and numerical analysis. He was the editor in chief of the NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions. Awards 1969• Silver Medal of the US Department of Commerce. 1974• A Fellow of the U.K. Institute of Mathematics and its Applications 1996• A Foreign Member of the Royal Society of Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden 2011• Gold Medal of the US Department of Commerce. Visiting Fellow, or Professor, at the University of Lancaster, U.K., Imperial College, London University, U.K., Cambridge University, U.K., the Royal Irish Academy, and the Australian National University Publications See also Level-index arithmetic (LI) Peter J. Olver (Son of Frank Olver) References External links Frank W. J. Olver, 1924-2013. SIAM News obituary by Roderick Wong Frank W. J. Olver, mathematician, an obituary in The Washington Post Home page of Frank W. J. Olver NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions Alumni of the University of London 20th-century American mathematicians British emigrants to the United States 1924 births 2013 deaths Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Department of Commerce Gold Medal University of Maryland, College Park faculty 21st-century American mathematicians
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinus%20rectus	Sinus rectus may refer to: Sinus rectus (trigonometry), a historical name for the sine, a trigonometrical function in mathematics Sinus rectus (anatomy), another name for the straight sinus, an area in the skull below the brain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20Vanneste	Jacques Vanneste is a professor of mathematics at the University of Edinburgh, whose main research area is fluid dynamics. His particular research interest is in analytic methods for handling systems with dynamics on two distinct time or length scales. This is relevant, for example, for the interaction between weather and ocean circulation, where fast inertial waves can be generated by slow underlying flows; see for example his work on the tropopause, and his most-cited paper. He is also interested in the dynamics of stirring. Awards He is the recipient of the 2010 Adams Prize. In 2014, Vanneste was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. References External links Living people 21st-century Belgian mathematicians 21st-century British mathematicians Academics of the University of Edinburgh Year of birth missing (living people)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Tong%20%28physicist%29	David Tong is a British professor of theoretical physics at Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP) in Cambridge, a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and joint recipient of the 2008 Adams Prize. He was a postdoc at the MIT Center for Theoretical Physics and an adjunct professor at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR). He is currently also a Simons Investigator. His main research interest is in quantum field theory. His most-cited paper, "DBI in the sky", provides a possible observational test of one mechanism for inflation in the very early universe based on Dirac–Born–Infeld (DBI) action. Works "An Open-Closed String Duality in Field Theory?", Continuous Advances in QCD 2006, Editors M. Peloso, M. Shifman, World Scientific, 2007, References External links Living people British physicists Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge Year of birth missing (living people) Cambridge mathematicians MIT Center for Theoretical Physics people
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Bridgeland	Thomas Andrew Bridgeland (born 1973) is a Professor of Mathematics at the University of Sheffield. He was a senior research fellow in 2011–2013 at All Souls College, Oxford and, since 2013, remains as a Quondam Fellow. He is most well-known for defining Bridgeland stability conditions on triangulated categories. Education Bridgeland was educated at Shelley High School in Huddersfield and Christ's College, Cambridge, where he studied the Mathematical Tripos in the University of Cambridge, graduating with a first class degree in mathematics in 1994 and a distinction in Part III the following year. He completed his PhD at the University of Edinburgh, where he also stayed for a postdoctoral research position. Research and career Bridgeland's research interest is in algebraic geometry, focusing on properties of derived categories of coherent sheaves on algebraic varieties. His most-cited papers are on stability conditions, on triangulated categories and K3 surfaces; in the first he defines the idea of a stability condition on a triangulated category, and demonstrates that the set of all stability conditions on a fixed category form a manifold, whilst in the second he describes one connected component of the space of stability conditions on the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves on a complex algebraic K3 surface. Bridgeland's work helped to establish the coherent derived category as a key invariant of algebraic varieties and stimulated world-wide enthusiasm for what had previously been a technical backwater. His results on Fourier–Mukai transforms solve many problems within algebraic geometry, and have been influential in homological and commutative algebra, the theory of moduli spaces, representation theory and combinatorics. Bridgeland's 2002 Annals paper introduced spaces of stability conditions on triangulated categories, replacing the traditional rational slope of moduli problems by a complex phase. This far-reaching innovation gives a rigorous mathematical language for describing D-branes and creates a new area of deep interaction between theoretical physics and algebraic geometry. It has been a central component of subsequent work on homological mirror symmetry. Bridgeland's research has been funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). Awards and honours Bridgeland won the Berwick Prize in 2003, the Adams Prize in 2007 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2014. He was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians, Madrid in 2006. References 1973 births Living people 20th-century British mathematicians 21st-century British mathematicians Academics of the University of Sheffield Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford Fellows of the Royal Society Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge Alumni of the University of Edinburgh Sir Edmund Whittaker Memorial Prize winners
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape%20Academy%20of%20Mathematics%2C%20Science%20and%20Technology	The Cape Academy of Mathematics, Science and Technology, often abbreviated to "Cape Academy", is a co-educational public boarding school, situated in the Constantia Valley of Cape Town, South Africa. The Cape Academy was founded in 2004 by the Western Cape Education Department to offer quality instruction in the sciences to students from previously disadvantaged backgrounds, as part of the government's strategy to fill the skills gap present in South Africa. Establishment The Cape Academy was established in 2004 at the site of an old reformatory, the Constantia School for Boys, as initiative by the local education department to improve the results of previously disadvantaged learners in the National Senior Certificate examinations. It officially opened its doors on 19 January 2004, with an address by the then Western Cape Premier, Marthinus van Schalkwyk. The establishment of the school initially cost the Western Cape Department of Education more than R5 million. Academics The Cape Academy enrolls students into the Further Education and Training educational phase, educating students from grades 8 to 12. Both English and Afrikaans are offered as languages of instruction. Its grade 12 students write the Western Cape Education Department matric examinations in November each year. Subjects offered include: Mathematics Physical Science Life Sciences Information technology (IT) Computer applications technology (CAT) Accounting Life Orientation English isiXhosa Afrikaans Mandarin Aviation, Aeronautics and Avionics For learners in the FET, Physical Sciences is a compulsory subject, from which students can only choose two of the following subjects: either Geography, Life Science and Accounting or CAT and IT. Aviation, Aeronautics and Avionics are a extracurricular activity and can only be attended after the school day is over. In accordance with South African educational policy students all take at least one language as their home language and another as an additional language. The Cape Academy is a parallel medium school, offering all courses in both English and Afrikaans. Mandarin was introduced as a subject in 2010, through the Confucius Institute, the first of its kind in a South African school. The new classroom was opened in March 2010 by the Chinese Consul General, Hao Guangwei. Rankings In a 2009 report a South African newspaper, the Sunday Times, listed the Cape Academy as one of the top 100 public schools in the country, based on the previous year's maths and science results in the National Senior Certificate examinations. The Cape Academy was also noted as one of only five schools on the list which were not formerly model C schools. The Cape Academy was also ranked second in Physical Science and fourth in Mathematics in South Africa, despite having only registered its first matrics in 2006. The rankings were based on the percentage of learners in each school who attained a grade of 50% or more in the NSC examinations, in the su
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivista%20italiana%20di%20economia%20demografia%20e%20statistica	The Rivista italiana di economia demografia e statistica (English: "Italian Review of Economics Demography and Statistics") is a quarterly peer-reviewed open access academic journal published by the Italian society of economics demography and statistics. It covers all aspects of economics, demography, and statistics. The journal was established in 1947 as the Rivista italiana di demografia e statistica and obtained its current name in 1950. The editor-in-chief is Chiara Gigliarano. See also Italian society of economics demography and statistics External links Economics journals Sociology journals Statistics journals Academic journals established in 1947 1947 establishments in Italy Quarterly journals Multilingual journals Academic journals published by learned and professional societies
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Turkey	This page details football records and statistics in Turkey. Süper Lig Records in this section refer to Süper Lig from its introduction in 1959 through to the present. Club records Titles Most titles: 23, Galatasaray Most consecutive titles: 4, Galatasaray (1997–2000) 3, Galatasaray (1971–1973) 3, Trabzonspor (1979–1981) 3, Beşiktaş (1990–1992) 2, Beşiktaş (1957–1958; 1966–1967; 2016–2017) 2, Galatasaray (1962–1963; 1987–1988; 1993–1994; 2012–2013; 2018–2019) 2, Fenerbahçe (1964–1965; 1974–1975; 2004–2005) Most points per season 16 Matches (2 points per win) 28, Fenerbahçe (1959) 38 Matches (2 points per win) 65, Beşiktaş (1959–60) 42 Matches (2 points per win) 68, Beşiktaş (1962–63) 30 Matches (2 points per win) 48, Beşiktaş (1965–66) 32 Matches (2 points per win) 49, Fenerbahçe (1967–68) 34 Matches (2 points per win) 50, Trabzonspor (1983–84) 50, Fenerbahçe (1984–85) 50, Beşiktaş (1984–85) 36 Matches (2 points per win) 56, Beşiktaş (1985–86) 56, Galatasaray (1985–86) 38 Matches (3 points per win) 90, Galatasaray (1987–88) 36 Matches (3 points per win) 93, Fenerbahçe (1988–89) 30 Matches (3 points per win) 76, Beşiktaş (1991–92) 34 Matches (3 points per win) 85, Beşiktaş (2002–03) 40 Matches (3 points per win) 86, Galatasaray (2011–12) Top flight appearances Most appearances: 65, joint record Beşiktaş (1959–present) Fenerbahçe (1959–present) Galatasaray (1959–present) Rounds completed in leading position Most rounds: 587, Galatasaray 566, Fenerbahçe 437, Beşiktaş 240, Trabzonspor As of 04 June 2023 Representation Most participants from a city: In the 1962–63 season, Istanbul had 11 entrants in the top-flight: Beşiktaş, Beykoz, Beyoğlu, Fenerbahçe, Feriköy, Galatasaray, İstanbulspor, Karagümrük, Kasımpaşa, Vefa, and Yeşildirek. Wins Most wins in a season, joint record 29, Beşiktaş 1959–60 (38 matches) 29, Fenerbahçe 1988–89 (36 matches) Most consecutive wins 14, Galatasaray (12th week 2022-23 to 25th week 2022-23) Most consecutive home wins 25, Galatasaray (34th week 2000–01 to 16th week 2002–03) Most consecutive away wins 12, Fenerbahçe (18th week 2010–11 to 6th week 2011–12) Fewest wins in a season, joint record 2, Diyarbakırspor, 1981–82 (32 matches) 2, Konyaspor, 1992–93 (30 matches) 2, Zeytinburnu, 1996–97 (34 matches) 2, Adanaspor, 2000–01 (34 matches) 2, Ankaragücü, 2011–12 (34 matches) Draws Most draws in a season 18, Ankaragücü, 1982–83 (34 matches) Fewest draws in a season, joint record 2, Fenerbahçe, 1991–92 (30 matches) 2, Eskişehirspor, 1995–96 (34 matches) 2, Fenerbahçe, 2004–05 (34 matches) Losses Most losses in a season 28, Kardemir Karabükspor, 2017–18 (34 matches) Fewest defeats in a season 0, Galatasaray, 1985–86 (36 matches) 0, Beşiktaş, 1991–92 (30 matches) Goals Most goals scored in a season 105, Galatasaray, 1962–63 (42 matches) 103, Fenerbahçe, 1988–89 (36 matches) Fewest goals scored in a season, joint record 6, İstanbulspor, 1959 (14 m
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly%20structured%20ring%20spectrum	In mathematics, a highly structured ring spectrum or -ring is an object in homotopy theory encoding a refinement of a multiplicative structure on a cohomology theory. A commutative version of an -ring is called an -ring. While originally motivated by questions of geometric topology and bundle theory, they are today most often used in stable homotopy theory. Background Highly structured ring spectra have better formal properties than multiplicative cohomology theories – a point utilized, for example, in the construction of topological modular forms, and which has allowed also new constructions of more classical objects such as Morava K-theory. Beside their formal properties, -structures are also important in calculations, since they allow for operations in the underlying cohomology theory, analogous to (and generalizing) the well-known Steenrod operations in ordinary cohomology. As not every cohomology theory allows such operations, not every multiplicative structure may be refined to an -structure and even in cases where this is possible, it may be a formidable task to prove that. The rough idea of highly structured ring spectra is the following: If multiplication in a cohomology theory (analogous to the multiplication in singular cohomology, inducing the cup product) fulfills associativity (and commutativity) only up to homotopy, this is too lax for many constructions (e.g. for limits and colimits in the sense of category theory). On the other hand, requiring strict associativity (or commutativity) in a naive way is too restrictive for many of the wanted examples. A basic idea is that the relations need only hold up to homotopy, but these homotopies should fulfill again some homotopy relations, whose homotopies again fulfill some further homotopy conditions; and so on. The classical approach organizes this structure via operads, while the recent approach of Jacob Lurie deals with it using -operads in -categories. The most widely used approaches today employ the language of model categories. All these approaches depend on building carefully an underlying category of spectra. Approaches for the definition Operads The theory of operads is motivated by the study of loop spaces. A loop space ΩX has a multiplication by composition of loops. Here the two loops are sped up by a factor of 2 and the first takes the interval [0,1/2] and the second [1/2,1]. This product is not associative since the scalings are not compatible, but it is associative up to homotopy and the homotopies are coherent up to higher homotopies and so on. This situation can be made precise by saying that ΩX is an algebra over the little interval operad. This is an example of an -operad, i.e. an operad of topological spaces which is homotopy equivalent to the associative operad but which has appropriate "freeness" to allow things only to hold up to homotopy (succinctly: any cofibrant replacement of the associative operad). An -ring spectrum can now be imagined as an algebra o
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnieszka%20Radwa%C5%84ska%20career%20statistics	This is a list of the main career statistics of Agnieszka Radwańska, a former professional tennis player from Poland. Radwańska won 20 WTA Tour singles titles, including one year-end championship at the 2015 WTA Finals, three Premier Mandatory singles titles, and two Premier 5 titles. Along with that, she won two titles in doubles, including one major - at the 2011 Miami Open. On the ITF Women's Circuit, she has four titles (per two in both events). On the WTA rankings, Radwańska achieved a career high singles ranking of world No. 2 on July 9, 2012, right after reaching final of the Wimbledon Championships. Despite not winning any major, she had impressive performances. In singles, she reached one final at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships. Along with that, she has six semifinals appearances (four in singles and two in doubles) and nine quarterfinals (seven in singles and two in doubles). She reached at least semifinal at all four majors in either events. At the Premier Mandatory & 5 tournaments she went one step further. In 2011, she won back-to-back Pan Pacific and China Open. The following year, she won the Miami Open. Later, in 2014 she won the Canadian Open and then in 2016 another title at the China Open. Radwańska also set some records for the country (Poland). In August 2007, she became the first player representing Poland to win a WTA Tour singles title. At the end of 2008, she finished the year ranked world no. 10, becoming the first Polish player to achieve that. She also became the first Polish player to surpass $1 million in earnings. In 2012, she cracked the top 3 of the WTA rankings for the first time in her career. Reaching final of the 2012 Wimbledon Championships, shereached her first became the first player representing Poland to reach the final of a Grand Slam singles event in the Open Era. Performance timelines Only main-draw results in WTA Tour, Grand Slam tournaments, Fed Cup and Olympic Games are included in win–loss records. Singles Doubles Grand Slam tournament finals Singles: 1 (runner-up) Other significant finals WTA Finals Singles: 1 (title) Premier Mandatory & Premier 5 tournaments Singles: 8 (5 titles, 3 runner-ups) Doubles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up) WTA career finals Singles: 28 (20 titles, 8 runner-ups) Doubles: 4 (2 titles, 2 runner-ups) Team competition: 2 (1 win) ITF Circuit finals Since Radwańska professional debut in April 2005 she won 2 ITF Titles in singles performance and she was 3 times runners up. She also reached 5 ITF doubles finals and she won 2 of them. Singles: 5 (2 titles, 3 runner-ups) Doubles: 5 (2 titles, 3 runner-ups) ITF junior results Singles: 10 (7 titles, 3 runner-ups) Doubles: 12 (11 titles, 1 runner-up) WTA Tour career earnings Radwańska earned more than 27 million dollars during her career. Career Grand Slam statistics Grand Slam tournament seedings Best Grand Slam tournament results details Record against top 10 players Radwańska's match record against pl
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alireza%20Hadadifar	Alireza Hadadifar (born August 6, 1987) is an Iranian footballer who plays for Zob Ahan in the Iran Pro League. Club career Hadahifar was with Zob Ahan in 2008. Club career statistics Assist Goals References 1987 births Living people Zob Ahan Esfahan F.C. players Iranian men's footballers Men's association football midfielders Place of birth missing (living people)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalal%20Omidian	Jalal Omidian (;born March 21, 1978) is a retired Iranian footballer who played for Zob Ahan in the IPL. Club career Omidian has been with Zob Ahan since 2009. Club Career Statistics Last Update 3 June 2010 Assist Goals References 1978 births Living people Zob Ahan Esfahan F.C. players Paykan F.C. players Sanat Mes Kerman F.C. players Iranian men's footballers Men's association football midfielders Place of birth missing (living people)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilm%C4%81rs%20Poik%C4%81ns	Ilmārs Poikāns (born November 4, 1978) is a Latvian AI researcher at the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science at the University of Latvia. He has used the pseudonym Neo (of The Matrix), and is also known in the press as Latvia's "Robin Hood". Poikans alleged that both Valdis Dombrovskis, who is a European Commission Vice President responsible for the integrity of the euro, and the Bank of Latvia Governor Ilmars Rimsevics, who is a member of the council of European Central Bank, supported the fraud conducted at Parex Bank and that Rimsevics received a very large sum for his efforts. Allegations of illegal access to tax records Ilmārs Poikāns was arrested and later released; prosecutors released a statement saying "Taking into consideration his attitude, his confession of the crime, and his cooperation in the investigation, we did not seek his pre-trial detention." Some allege that the arrest came as a result of a search of TV journalist Ilze Nagla's house on Tuesday May 11, 2010. After his arrest there were reports of a flash mob outside the government's cabinet office. Ilmārs is alleged to have illegally accessed 7.5 million tax records and divulged pay rises for some high-ranking public sector employees, while rank-and-file employees were forced to take pay cuts as high as 30%. Poikāns was granted a presidential pardon on December 18, 2017. Notes Living people Latvian computer scientists 1978 births Hackers Hacking in the 2000s University of Latvia alumni Academic staff of the University of Latvia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Completely%20uniformizable%20space	In mathematics, a topological space (X, T) is called completely uniformizable (or Dieudonné complete) if there exists at least one complete uniformity that induces the topology T. Some authors additionally require X to be Hausdorff. Some authors have called these spaces topologically complete, although that term has also been used in other meanings like completely metrizable, which is a stronger property than completely uniformizable. Properties Every completely uniformizable space is uniformizable and thus completely regular. A completely regular space X is completely uniformizable if and only if the fine uniformity on X is complete. Every regular paracompact space (in particular, every Hausdorff paracompact space) is completely uniformizable. (Shirota's theorem) A completely regular Hausdorff space is realcompact if and only if it is completely uniformizable and contains no closed discrete subspace of measurable cardinality. Every metrizable space is paracompact, hence completely uniformizable. As there exist metrizable spaces that are not completely metrizable, complete uniformizability is a strictly weaker condition than complete metrizability. See also Notes References General topology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Making%20Mathematics%20Count	Making Mathematics Count is the title of a report on mathematics education in the United Kingdom (U.K.). The report was written by Adrian Smith as leader of an "Inquiry into Post–14 Mathematics Education", which was commissioned by the UK Government in 2002. The report recommended an increase in mathematics schooling; the report recommended that statistics be taught as part of the natural sciences rather than as part of the mathematics curriculum. Inquiry and report Making Mathematics Count is the title of a report on mathematics education in the United Kingdom (U.K.). The report was written by Adrian Smith as leader of an "Inquiry into Post–14 Mathematics Education", which was commissioned by the UK Government in 2002. The purpose of the Inquiry was: "To make recommendations on changes to the curriculum, qualifications and pedagogy for those aged 14 and over in schools, colleges and higher education institutions to enable those students to acquire the mathematical knowledge and skills necessary to meet the requirements of employers and of further and higher education." Publication of the report was followed two years later by a conference of 241 delegates, who included mathematics teachers, college lecturers, as well as university mathematicians, head teachers, local authority consultants and advisers, and other mathematics professionals. There is a report of the conclusions of this conference, which was intended to bring together policymakers and practitioners to share information and discuss ways in which changes in mathematics education could be implemented to benefit schools, teachers and students. Influence The Smith report has influenced debate on U.K. educational policy. A particular concern of the report was where and how statistics should be taught: the report recommended that statistics should be embedded in application subjects and taught by teachers of those subjects where it is applied. The government decision was that statistics teaching should remain within the mathematics curriculum. A more recent report for the Royal Statistical Society, The Future of Statistics in our Schools and Colleges retains this view. Predecessor reports The report's title recalls the Cockcroft report Mathematics Counts which addressed some of the same issues but was compiled 2 decades earlier, instigated by Callaghan and submitted under the Thatcher government. Notes References Mathematics education in the United Kingdom Mathematics education reform Reports of the United Kingdom government Statistics education
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoia%20Holmes	Sequoia Antrice Holmes (born June 13, 1986) is an American professional basketball player. UNLV statistics Source Profesional career She played in Greece for Panathinaikos during the 2021-22 season. External links WNBA stats UNLV profile References 1986 births Living people American women's basketball players Basketball players from Nevada G.D. Interclube women's basketball players Guards (basketball) Houston Comets players Panathinaikos WBC players People from North Las Vegas, Nevada Phoenix Mercury players San Antonio Stars players Sportspeople from the Las Vegas Valley UNLV Lady Rebels basketball players
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principles%20of%20Hindu%20Reckoning	Principles of Hindu Reckoning (Kitab fi usul hisab al-hind) is a mathematics book written by the 10th- and 11th-century Persian mathematician Kushyar ibn Labban. It is the second-oldest book extant in Arabic about Hindu arithmetic using Hindu-Arabic numerals ( ० ۱ ۲ ۳ ۴ ۵ ۶ ۷ ۸ ۹), preceded by Kibab al-Fusul fi al-Hisub al-Hindi by Abul al-Hassan Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Uglidis, written in 952. Although Al-Khwarzimi also wrote a book about Hindu arithmetic in 825, his Arabic original was lost, and only a 12th-century translation is extant. Kushyar ibn Labban did not mention the Indian sources for Hindu Reckoning, and there is no earlier Indian book extant which covers the same topics as discussed in this book. Principles of Hindu Reckoning was one of the foreign sources for Hindu Reckoning in the 10th and 11th century in India. It was translated into English by Martin Levey and Marvin Petruck in 1963 from the only extant Arabic manuscript at that time: Istanbul, Aya Sophya Library, MS 4857 and a Hebrew translation and commentary by Shālôm ben Joseph 'Anābī. Indian dust board Hindu arithmetic was conducted on a dust board similar to the Chinese counting board. A dust board is a flat surface with a layer of sand and lined with grids. Very much like the Chinese counting rod numerals, a blank on a sand board grid stood for zero, and zero sign was not necessary. Shifting of digits involves erasing and rewriting, unlike the counting board. Content There is only one Arabic copy extant, now kept in the Hagia Sophia Library in Istanbul. There is also a Hebrew translation with commentary, kept in the Bodleian Library of Oxford University. In 1965 University of Wisconsin Press published an English edition of this book translated by Martin Levey and Marvin Petruck, based on both the Arabic and Hebrew editions. This English translation included 31 plates of facsimile of original Arabic text. Principles of Hindu Reckoning consists of two parts dealing with arithmetics in two numerals system in India at his time. Part I mainly dealt with decimal algorithm of subtraction, multiplication, division, extraction of square root and cubic root in place value Hindu-numeral system. However, a section on "halving", was treated differently, i.e., with a hybrid of decimal and sexagesimal numeral. The similarity between decimal Hindu algorithm with Chinese algorithm in Sunzi Suanjing are striking, except the operation halving, as there was no hybrid decimal/sexagesimal calculation in China. Part II dealt with operation of subtraction, multiplication, division, extraction of square root and cubic root in sexagesimal number system. There was only positional decimal arithmetic in China, never any sexagesimal arithmetic. Unlike Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi's Kitab al-Fusul fi al-Hisab al-Hindi (The Arithmetics of Al-Uqlidisi) where the basic mathematical operation of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division were described in words, ibn Labban's book provid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20V.%20Hogg	Robert Vincent ("Bob") Hogg (8 November 1924 – 23 December 2014) was an American statistician and professor of statistics of the University of Iowa. Hogg is known for his widely used textbooks on statistics (with his 1963 Ph.D. student Elliot Alan Tanis) and on mathematical statistics (with his 1950 Ph.D. advisor Allen Thornton Craig). Hogg has received recognition for his research on robust and adaptive nonparametric statistics and for his scholarship on total quality management and statistics education. Academic career Early life Born on 8 November 1924 in Hannibal, Missouri, Hogg served three years in the US Navy from 1943 through 1946. In 1947, he graduated from the University of Illinois with a bachelor's degree in mathematics. With the goal of becoming an actuary, Hogg matriculated at the mathematics department of the University of Iowa (then the "State University of Iowa"). However, Hogg studied statistics under Allen Craig, who became his mentor and helped him obtain a job teaching statistics at the Mathematics Department. Hogg earned his Ph.D. 1950 under Allen Craig. After graduating, Hogg remained at the Mathematics Department, where he remained to become a long-serving professor. Basu's theorem: Special cases Hogg independently discovered a special case of "Basu's theorem", a few years before the publication by Deb Basu. Hogg's second paper on the topic of Basu's theorem was never published, because of a negative report by an anonymous referee in 1953. Later, Basu refers "to Hogg and Craig (1956) for several interesting uses [of Basu's theorem] in proving results in distribution theory". Collaboration and friendship with Allen Craig The textbook "Hogg and Craig" was innovative, particularly in emphasizing sufficient statistics: Sufficient statistics were treated not only for parametric families but also for nonparametric probability distributions: In particular, the sufficiency and completeness of the order statistics from a continuous distribution were treated. Another innovation was the systematic derivation of the distributions of functions of several random variables by using the change-of-variable method. As noted before, Craig was Hogg's mentor, helping him to obtain a teaching position while a graduate student and also supervising his thesis. Later, after Hogg had graduated, Craig became a close friend, and served as the best man at Hogg's wedding and later as the "godparent" to each of Hogg's four children. Indeed, Hogg's son Allen was named after Craig. Chairing a new Department of Statistics In 1965 Hogg became the founding chair of the new Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, and he remained as the chair for nineteen years. At Iowa, Hogg held other positions, including Chair of the Quality Management and Productivity Program and the Hanson Chair of Manufacturing Productivity. After serving 51 years as an instructor at the University of Iowa, Hogg became Professor Emeritus in 2001. Statistics education Hog
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor%20%28disambiguation%29	A tensor is an algebraic object that describes a multilinear relationship between sets of algebraic objects related to a vector space. Tensor may also refer to: Mathematics Tensor (intrinsic definition) Tensor field Tensor product Tensor (obsolete), the norm used on the quaternion algebra in William Rowan Hamilton's work; see Symmetric tensor, a tensor that is invariant under a permutation of its vector arguments Computer science Tensor (machine learning), the application of tensors to artificial neural networks Tensor Processing Unit, an integrated circuit developed by Google for neural network machine learning Google Tensor, a system on a chip (Soc) found on the Pixel 6 and Pixel 6 Pro smartphones TensorFlow, a technology developed by Google Other uses Tensor Trucks, a skateboarding truck company Tensor lamp, a trademarked brand of small high-intensity low-voltage desk lamp See also Tensor muscle (disambiguation) Tensor type, in tensor analysis :Category: Tensors Glossary of tensor theory Curvature tensor (disambiguation) Stress tensor (disambiguation) Tense (disambiguation)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Heun	Karl Heun (; born 3 April 1859, Wiesbaden; died 10 January 1929, Karlsruhe) was a German mathematician who introduced Heun's equation, Heun functions, and Heun's method. Karl Heun studied mathematics and philosophy in Göttingen (and briefly in Halle). In 1881 with the dissertation Die Kugelfunktionen und Laméschen Funktionen als Determinanten he received his doctorate under Schering at the University of Göttingen. He then worked as a teacher at an agricultural college in Wehlau, until in 1883 he emigrated to England where he taught until 1885 in Uppingham. He completed his studies in London and received his Habilitierung qualification in June 1886 in Munich with the thesis Über lineare Differentialgleichungen zweiter Ordnung, deren Lösungen durch den Kettenbruchalgorithmus verknüpft sind. From 1886 to 1889 he taught at the University of Munich, but because of financial circumstances from 1890 to 1902 he had to work as a teacher in Berlin. In 1900 Karl Heun received the title of Professor and then in 1902 he obtained the professorial chair of theoretical mechanics at the Technische Hochschule Karlsruhe, where he worked until he retired with a pension in 1922. References External links 19th-century German mathematicians 20th-century German mathematicians 1859 births 1929 deaths
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Fearnhead	Paul Fearnhead is Professor of Statistics at Lancaster University. He is a researcher in computational statistics, in particular Sequential Monte Carlo methods. His interests include sampling theory and genetics – he has published several papers working on the epidemiology of campylobacter by looking at recombination events in a large sample of genomes. Since January 2018 he has been the editor of Biometrika. Awards Fearnhead won the Adams Prize in 2007. In 2007 he also won the Guy Medal in Bronze of the Royal Statistical Society. References External links Living people Year of birth missing (living people) English statisticians Academics of Lancaster University Computational statisticians Alumni of the University of Oxford
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean-preserving%20spread	In probability and statistics, a mean-preserving spread (MPS) is a change from one probability distribution A to another probability distribution B, where B is formed by spreading out one or more portions of A's probability density function or probability mass function while leaving the mean (the expected value) unchanged. As such, the concept of mean-preserving spreads provides a stochastic ordering of equal-mean gambles (probability distributions) according to their degree of risk; this ordering is partial, meaning that of two equal-mean gambles, it is not necessarily true that either is a mean-preserving spread of the other. Distribution A is said to be a mean-preserving contraction of B if B is a mean-preserving spread of A. Ranking gambles by mean-preserving spreads is a special case of ranking gambles by second-order stochastic dominance – namely, the special case of equal means: If B is a mean-preserving spread of A, then A is second-order stochastically dominant over B; and the converse holds if A and B have equal means. If B is a mean-preserving spread of A, then B has a higher variance than A and the expected values of A and B are identical; but the converse is not in general true, because the variance is a complete ordering while ordering by mean-preserving spreads is only partial. Example This example shows that to have a mean-preserving spread does not require that all or most of the probability mass move away from the mean. Let A have equal probabilities on each outcome , with for and for ; and let B have equal probabilities on each outcome , with , for , and . Here B has been constructed from A by moving one chunk of 1% probability from 198 to 100 and moving 49 probability chunks from 198 to 200, and then moving one probability chunk from 202 to 300 and moving 49 probability chunks from 202 to 200. This sequence of two mean-preserving spreads is itself a mean-preserving spread, despite the fact that 98% of the probability mass has moved to the mean (200). Mathematical definitions Let and be the random variables associated with gambles A and B. Then B is a mean-preserving spread of A if and only if for some random variable having for all values of . Here means "is equal in distribution to" (that is, "has the same distribution as"). Mean-preserving spreads can also be defined in terms of the cumulative distribution functions and of A and B. If A and B have equal means, B is a mean-preserving spread of A if and only if the area under from minus infinity to is less than or equal to that under from minus infinity to for all real numbers , with strict inequality at some . Both of these mathematical definitions replicate those of second-order stochastic dominance for the case of equal means. Relation to expected utility theory If B is a mean-preserving spread of A then A will be preferred by all expected utility maximizers having concave utility. The converse also holds: if A and B have equal means
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExploreLearning	ExploreLearning is a Charlottesville, Virginia-based company which operates a large library of interactive online simulations for mathematics and science education in grades 3–12 called 'Gizmos'. ExploreLearning also makes Reflex, an online, game-based system for math fact memorization. ExploreLearning is a business unit of Cambium Learning Group. Products Gizmos "Gizmos" are a collection of online interactive simulations that are operated by ExploreLearning. The simulations are centered on science education and mathematics. These simulations have been recognized with many educational awards. The Gizmos earned finalist honors from the Software and Information Industry Association. They have been the subject of numerous scholarly studies of educational technology. Reflex Reflex is an adaptive, game-based solution for assessing and developing math fact fluency in grade 2-8 students. Reflex has been recognized with many educational awards, including the "Best K-12 Instructional Solution" Codie award from the Software and Information Industry Association. References External links ExploreLearning website ExploreLearning, Inc. snapshot on Bloomberg Businessweek Educational software companies Software companies based in Virginia American educational websites Mathematics websites American science websites Software companies of the United States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311%20Galatasaray%20S.K.%20season	The 2010–11 season was Galatasarays 107th in existence and the 53rd consecutive season in the Süper Lig. This article shows statistics of the club's players in the season, and also lists all matches that the club have played in the season. Players Squad information Players in / out In Total spending: €28 million Out Total income: €18.15 million. Player statistics Squad stats Disciplinary record Club Board of directors Technical staff Medical staff Pre-season and friendlies Kickoff times are in CET. Competitions Overall Süper Lig Standings Results summary Results by round Matches Kickoff times are in EET. Turkish Cup Group stage Quarter-finals UEFA Europa League Third qualifying round Play-off round Attendance Sold season tickets: 20,000 References External links Galatasaray Sports Club Official Website Turkish Football Federation - Galatasaray A.Ş. uefa.com - Galatasaray AŞ 2010-11 Turkish football clubs 2010–11 season 2010 in Istanbul 2011 in Istanbul Galatasaray Sports Club 2010–11 season
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arml	ARML may refer to: Augmented Reality Markup Language, a standard to describe Augmented Reality scenes and environments American Regions Mathematics League, an annual high school mathematics team competition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20National%20Basketball%20Association%20career%20games%20played%20leaders	This is a list of basketball players who are the leaders in career games played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Statistics accurate as of October 31, 2023. See also List of NBA regular season records List of National Basketball Association career minutes played leaders List of National Basketball Association seasons played leaders List of NBA players who have spent their entire career with one franchise List of oldest and youngest National Basketball Association players Notes References External links NBA & ABA Career Leaders and Records for Games – BasketballReference.com Games
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radially%20unbounded%20function	In mathematics, a radially unbounded function is a function for which Or equivalently, Such functions are applied in control theory and required in optimization for determination of compact spaces. Notice that the norm used in the definition can be any norm defined on , and that the behavior of the function along the axes does not necessarily reveal that it is radially unbounded or not; i.e. to be radially unbounded the condition must be verified along any path that results in: For example, the functions are not radially unbounded since along the line , the condition is not verified even though the second function is globally positive definite. References Real analysis Types of functions
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reza%20Mahmoudi	Reza Mahmoudi (born 22 June 1979) is an Iranian footballer who plays for Saipa F.C. in the IPL. Club career Mahmoudi joined Saipa F.C. in 2008 Club career statistics Assist Goals References 1979 births Living people Saipa F.C. players Iranian men's footballers Men's association football midfielders Place of birth missing (living people)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heine%E2%80%93Stieltjes%20polynomials	In mathematics, the Heine–Stieltjes polynomials or Stieltjes polynomials, introduced by , are polynomial solutions of a second-order Fuchsian equation, a differential equation all of whose singularities are regular. The Fuchsian equation has the form for some polynomial V(z) of degree at most N − 2, and if this has a polynomial solution S then V is called a Van Vleck polynomial (after Edward Burr Van Vleck) and S is called a Heine–Stieltjes polynomial. Heun polynomials are the special cases of Stieltjes polynomials when the differential equation has four singular points. References Polynomials
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eaarth	Eaarth: Making a Life on a Tough New Planet is a book written by Bill McKibben, published by Henry Holt and Company in 2010. In the opening chapter, McKibben presents an array of facts and statistics about climate change that are already visible, supported by extensive footnotes. In the second and third chapters, McKibben lays out his analysis of how we have arrived at the current situation, and conveys genuine sorrow as he explains how the drive for economic growth based on hydrocarbons since the 1970s has led the planet to the point of breakdown. In a review of the book, British economist Nicholas Stern suggests that there is no doubting McKibben’s sincerity and his ability to communicate the significant risks which humanity faces. According to Stern, his "overall thesis that we are already seeing widespread effects of climate change is sound and supported by much robust scientific evidence". Stern says McKibben is too pessimistic when it comes to the recent advances in avoiding even bigger changes to the climate by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. References 2010 non-fiction books 2010 in the environment Environmental non-fiction books Green politics Climate change books Henry Holt and Company books
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923%20in%20Japanese%20football	Japanese football in 1923. Emperor's Cup National team Results Players statistics Births January 15 - Koji Miyata March 2 - Masao Ono External links Seasons in Japanese football
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925%20in%20Japanese%20football	Japanese football in 1925. Emperor's Cup National team Results Players statistics Births June 24 - Masanori Tokita August 24 - Toshio Iwatani External links Seasons in Japanese football
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927%20in%20Japanese%20football	Japanese football in 1927. Emperor's Cup National team Results Players statistics Births January 10 - Megumu Tamura External links Seasons in Japanese football
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930%20in%20Japanese%20football	Japanese football in 1930. Emperor's Cup National team Results Players statistics Births April 2 - Yoshinori Shigematsu July 7 - Tadao Kobayashi September 5 - Ken Naganuma External links Seasons in Japanese football
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934%20in%20Japanese%20football	Japanese football in 1934. National team Results Players statistics Births March 3 - Yasuo Takamori April 21 - Masao Uchino April 21 - Kenzo Ohashi July 5 - Yoshio Furukawa August 13 - Gyoji Matsumoto External links Seasons in Japanese football
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936%20in%20Japanese%20football	Japanese football in 1936. Emperor's Cup National team Results Players statistics Births January 11 - Masashi Watanabe January 30 - Koji Sasaki May 26 - Hiroshi Saeki December 3 - Saburo Kawabuchi External links Seasons in Japanese football
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%20in%20Japanese%20football	Japanese football in 1940. Emperor's Cup National team Results Players statistics Births March 14 - Masahiro Hamazaki May 28 - Hiroshi Katayama June 25 - Shozo Tsugitani December 26 - Teruki Miyamoto Deaths External links Seasons in Japanese football
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951%20in%20Japanese%20football	Japanese football in 1951. Emperor's Cup National team Results Players statistics Births April 15 - Choei Sato June 28 - Kazumi Takada July 7 - Shigemi Ishii July 27 - Kazuo Saito External links Seasons in Japanese football
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954%20in%20Japanese%20football	Japanese football in 1954. Emperor's Cup National team Results Players statistics Births April 2 – Yuji Kishioku April 5 – Yoshiichi Watanabe May 13 – Hideki Maeda September 13 – Shigeharu Ueki October 29 – Hisao Sekiguchi External links Seasons in Japanese football
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1955%20in%20Japanese%20football	Japanese football in 1955. Emperor's Cup National team Results Players statistics Births February 14 - Mitsuhisa Taguchi April 5 - Takayoshi Yamano April 7 - Akira Nishino April 8 - Kazuyoshi Nakamura April 27 - Katsuyuki Kawachi November 2 - Koji Tanaka November 20 - Toshio Matsuura External links Seasons in Japanese football
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956%20in%20Japanese%20football	Japanese football in 1956. Emperor's Cup National team Results Players statistics Births January 23 - Kazumi Tsubota April 2 - Shigemitsu Sudo April 10 - Masafumi Yokoyama April 24 - Hisashi Kato August 25 - Takeshi Okada November 21 - Mitsugu Nomura External links Seasons in Japanese football
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958%20in%20Japanese%20football	Japanese football in 1958. Emperor's Cup National team Results Players statistics Births February 4 - Kazuaki Nagasawa February 11 - Hiroshi Yoshida February 16 - Nobutoshi Kaneda March 29 - Tsutomu Sonobe April 4 - Masakuni Yamamoto April 5 - Ryoichi Kawakatsu July 19 - Kazushi Kimura August 8 - Akihiro Nishimura September 4 - Satoshi Tezuka October 19 - Hiromi Hara December 22 - Masaaki Kato External links Seasons in Japanese football
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959%20in%20Japanese%20football	Japanese football in 1959 Emperor's Cup National team Results Players statistics External links Seasons in Japanese football
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960%20in%20Japanese%20football	Japanese football in 1960 Emperor's Cup National team Results Players statistics External links Seasons in Japanese football
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963%20in%20Japanese%20football	Japanese football in 1963 Emperor's Cup National team Results Players statistics External links Seasons in Japanese football
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964%20in%20Japanese%20football	Japanese football in 1964 Emperor's Cup National team Results Players statistics External links Seasons in Japanese football
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stieltjes%E2%80%93Wigert%20polynomials	In mathematics, Stieltjes–Wigert polynomials (named after Thomas Jan Stieltjes and Carl Severin Wigert) are a family of basic hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials in the basic Askey scheme, for the weight function on the positive real line x > 0. The moment problem for the Stieltjes–Wigert polynomials is indeterminate; in other words, there are many other measures giving the same family of orthogonal polynomials (see Krein's condition). Koekoek et al. (2010) give in Section 14.27 a detailed list of the properties of these polynomials. Definition The polynomials are given in terms of basic hypergeometric functions and the Pochhammer symbol by where Orthogonality Since the moment problem for these polynomials is indeterminate there are many different weight functions on [0,∞] for which they are orthogonal. Two examples of such weight functions are and Notes References Orthogonal polynomials Special hypergeometric functions
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977%20in%20Japanese%20football	Japanese football in 1977 Japan Soccer League Division 1 Division 2 Japanese Regional Leagues Emperor's Cup Japan Soccer League Cup National team Results Players statistics External links Seasons in Japanese football
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978%20in%20Japanese%20football	Japanese football in 1978 Japan Soccer League Division 1 Division 2 Japanese Regional Leagues Emperor's Cup Japan Soccer League Cup National team Results Players statistics External links Seasons in Japanese football
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979%20in%20Japanese%20football	Japanese football in 1979 Japan Soccer League Division 1 Division 2 Japanese Regional Leagues Emperor's Cup Japan Soccer League Cup National team Results Players statistics External links Seasons in Japanese football

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