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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951%E2%80%9352%20Primeira%20Divis%C3%A3o | Statistics of Portuguese Liga in the 1951–52 season.
Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and Sporting Clube de Portugal won the championship.
League standings
Results
References
Primeira Liga seasons
1951–52 in Portuguese football
Portugal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952%E2%80%9353%20Primeira%20Divis%C3%A3o | Statistics of Portuguese Liga in the 1952–53 season.
Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and Sporting Clube de Portugal won the championship.
League standings
Results
References
Primeira Liga seasons
1952–53 in Portuguese football
Portugal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953%E2%80%9354%20Primeira%20Divis%C3%A3o | Statistics of the Portuguese Liga in the 1953–54 season.
Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and Sporting Clube de Portugal won the championship.
League standings
Results
References
Primeira Liga seasons
1953–54 in Portuguese football
Portugal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1955%E2%80%9356%20Primeira%20Divis%C3%A3o | Statistics of Portuguese Liga in the 1955/1956 season.
Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and F.C. Porto won the championship.
League standings
Results
References
Primeira Liga seasons
1955–56 in Portuguese football
Portugal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957%E2%80%9358%20Primeira%20Divis%C3%A3o | Statistics of Portuguese Liga in the 1957/1958 season.
Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and Sporting Clube de Portugal won the championship.
League standings
Results
References
Primeira Liga seasons
1
Portugal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958%E2%80%9359%20Primeira%20Divis%C3%A3o | Statistics of Portuguese Liga in the 1958/1959 season.
Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and F.C. Porto won the championship.
League standings
Results
References
Primeira Liga seasons
1
Portugal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961%E2%80%9362%20Primeira%20Divis%C3%A3o | Statistics of Portuguese Liga in the 1961–62 season.
Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and Sporting Clube de Portugal won the championship.
Details of participants
Details of the 14 participants are provided below:
League standings
Results
Leading scorer
Azumir Veríssimo (Futebol Clube do Porto) was the top scorer of the season with 23 goals.
Promotion and relegation 1962/1963
Relegation to Segunda Divisão
Beira Mar
Sporting Covilhã
Salgueiros
Promotion to Primeira Divisão
Vitória Setúbal
Barreirense
Feirense
Footnotes
External links
Portugal 1961-62 - RSSSF (Jorge Miguel Teixeira)
Portuguese League 1960/61 - footballzz.co.uk
Portugal - Table of Honor - Soccer Library
Primeira Liga seasons
1961–62 in Portuguese football
Portugal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965%E2%80%9366%20Primeira%20Divis%C3%A3o | Statistics of Portuguese Liga in the 1965/1966 season.
Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and Sporting Clube de Portugal won the championship.
League standings
Results
Footnotes
External links
Portugal 1965-66 - RSSSF (Jorge Miguel Teixeira)
Portuguese League 1965/66 - footballzz.co.uk
Portugal - Table of Honor - Soccer Library
Primeira Liga seasons
1965–66 in Portuguese football
Portugal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969%E2%80%9370%20Primeira%20Divis%C3%A3o | Statistics of Portuguese Liga in the 1969/1970 season.
Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and Sporting Clube de Portugal won the championship.
League standings
Results
Footnotes
External links
Portugal 1969-70 - RSSSF (Jorge Miguel Teixeira)
Portuguese League 1969/70 - footballzz.co.uk
Portugal - Table of Honor - Soccer Library
Primeira Liga seasons
1969–70 in Portuguese football
Portugal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973%E2%80%9374%20Primeira%20Divis%C3%A3o | Statistics of Portuguese Liga in the 1973–74 season.
Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and Sporting Clube de Portugal won the championship.
League standings
Results
Season statistics
Top goalscorers
Footnotes
External links
Portugal 1973-74 - RSSSF (Jorge Miguel Teixeira)
Portuguese League 1973/74 - footballzz.co.uk
Portugal - Table of Honor - Soccer Library
Primeira Liga seasons
1973–74 in Portuguese football
Portugal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977%E2%80%9378%20Primeira%20Divis%C3%A3o | Statistics of Portuguese Liga in the 1977–78 season.
Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and F.C. Porto won the championship. This year was notable for the fact that S.L. Benfica came second despite never losing a match throughout the entire season.
League standings
Results
Season statistics
Top goalscorers
Footnotes
External links
Portugal 1977-78 - RSSSF (Jorge Miguel Teixeira)
Portuguese League 1977/78 - footballzz.co.uk
Portugal - Table of Honor - Soccer Library
Portuguese Wikipedia - Campeonato Português de Futebol - I Divisão 1977/1978
Primeira Liga seasons
1977–78 in Portuguese football
Portugal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978%E2%80%9379%20Primeira%20Divis%C3%A3o | Statistics of Portuguese Liga in the 1978–79 season.
Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and F.C. Porto won the championship.
League standings
Results
Season statistics
Top goalscorers
Footnotes
External links
Portugal 1978-79 - RSSSF (Jorge Miguel Teixeira)
Portuguese League 1978/79 - footballzz.co.uk
Portugal - Table of Honor - Soccer Library
Portuguese Wikipedia - Campeonato Português de Futebol - I Divisão 1978/1979
Primeira Liga seasons
1978–79 in Portuguese football
Portugal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979%E2%80%9380%20Primeira%20Divis%C3%A3o | Statistics of Portuguese Liga in the 1979–80 season.
Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and Sporting Clube de Portugal won the championship.
League standings
Results
Season statistics
Top goalscorers
Footnotes
External links
Portugal 1979-80 - RSSSF (Jorge Miguel Teixeira)
Portuguese League 1979/80 - footballzz.co.uk
Portugal - Table of Honor - Soccer Library
Portuguese Wikipedia - Campeonato Português de Futebol - I Divisão 1979/1980
Primeira Liga seasons
1979–80 in Portuguese football
Portugal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981%E2%80%9382%20Primeira%20Divis%C3%A3o | Statistics of Portuguese Liga in the 1981–82 season.
Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and Sporting Clube de Portugal won the championship.
C.F. Os Belenenses, who had co-founded the league in 1934 with Sporting, S.L. Benfica and F.C. Porto, was relegated for the first time.
League standings
Results
Season statistics
Top goalscorers
Footnotes
External links
Portugal 1981-82 - RSSSF (Jorge Miguel Teixeira)
Portuguese League 1981/82 - footballzz.co.uk
Portugal - Table of Honor - Soccer Library
Portuguese Wikipedia - Campeonato Português de Futebol - I Divisão 1981/1982
Primeira Liga seasons
1981–82 in Portuguese football
Portugal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984%E2%80%9385%20Primeira%20Divis%C3%A3o | Statistics of Portuguese Liga in the 1984/1985 season.
Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and F.C. Porto won the championship.
League standings
Results
Season statistics
Top goalscorers
Footnotes
External links
Portugal 1984-85 - RSSSF (Jorge Miguel Teixeira)
Portuguese League 1984/85 - footballzz.co.uk
Portugal - Table of Honor - Soccer Library
Portuguese Wikipedia - Campeonato Português de Futebol - I Divisão 1984/1985
Primeira Liga seasons
1984–85 in Portuguese football
Portugal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985%E2%80%9386%20Primeira%20Divis%C3%A3o | Statistics of Portuguese Liga in the 1985/1986 season.
Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and F.C. Porto won the championship.
League standings
Results
Season statistics
Top goalscorers
Footnotes
External links
Portugal 1985-86 - RSSSF (Jorge Miguel Teixeira)
Portuguese League 1985/86 - footballzz.co.uk
Portugal - Table of Honor - Soccer Library
Portuguese Wikipedia - Campeonato Português de Futebol - I Divisão 1985/1986
Primeira Liga seasons
1985–86 in Portuguese football
Portugal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987%E2%80%9388%20Primeira%20Divis%C3%A3o | Statistics of Portuguese Liga in the 1987/1988 season.
Overview
It was contested by 20 teams, and F.C. Porto won the championship.
League standings
Results
Season statistics
Top goalscorers
Footnotes
External links
Portugal 1987-88 - RSSSF (Jorge Miguel Teixeira)
Portuguese League 1987/88 - footballzz.co.uk
Portugal - Table of Honor - Soccer Library
Portuguese Wikipedia - Campeonato Português de Futebol - I Divisão 1987/1988
Primeira Liga seasons
Port
1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Philippine%20Basketball%20Association%20career%203-point%20scoring%20leaders | This is a list of the Philippine Basketball Association players by total three-point field goals made.
Statistics accurate as of January 16, 2023.
See also
List of Philippine Basketball Association players
References
External links
Philippine Basketball Association All-time Leaders in Most 3-Pointers Made – PBA Online.net
Scoring leaders, 3-point, Career |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximately%20finite-dimensional%20C%2A-algebra | In mathematics, an approximately finite-dimensional (AF) C*-algebra is a C*-algebra that is the inductive limit of a sequence of finite-dimensional C*-algebras. Approximate finite-dimensionality was first defined and described combinatorially by Ola Bratteli. Later, George A. Elliott gave a complete classification of AF algebras using the K0 functor whose range consists of ordered abelian groups with sufficiently nice order structure.
The classification theorem for AF-algebras serves as a prototype for classification results for larger classes of separable simple amenable stably finite C*-algebras. Its proof divides into two parts. The invariant here is K0 with its natural order structure; this is a functor. First, one proves existence: a homomorphism between invariants must lift to a *-homomorphism of algebras. Second, one shows uniqueness: the lift must be unique up to approximate unitary equivalence. Classification then follows from what is known as the intertwining argument. For unital AF algebras, both existence and uniqueness follow from the fact the Murray-von Neumann semigroup of projections in an AF algebra is cancellative.
The counterpart of simple AF C*-algebras in the von Neumann algebra world are the hyperfinite factors, which were classified by Connes and Haagerup.
In the context of noncommutative geometry and topology, AF C*-algebras are noncommutative generalizations of C0(X), where X is a totally disconnected metrizable space.
Definition and basic properties
Finite-dimensional C*-algebras
An arbitrary finite-dimensional C*-algebra A takes the following form, up to isomorphism:
where Mi denotes the full matrix algebra of i × i matrices.
Up to unitary equivalence, a unital *-homomorphism Φ : Mi → Mj is necessarily of the form
where r·i = j. The number r is said to be the multiplicity of Φ. In general, a unital homomorphism between finite-dimensional C*-algebras
is specified, up to unitary equivalence, by a t × s matrix of partial multiplicities (rl k) satisfying, for all l
In the non-unital case, the equality is replaced by ≤. Graphically, Φ, equivalently (rl k), can be represented by its Bratteli diagram. The Bratteli diagram is a directed graph with nodes corresponding to each nk and ml and the number of arrows from nk to ml is the partial multiplicity rlk.
Consider the category whose objects are isomorphism classes of finite-dimensional C*-algebras and whose morphisms are *-homomorphisms modulo unitary equivalence. By the above discussion, the objects can be viewed as vectors with entries in N and morphisms are the partial multiplicity matrices.
AF algebras
A C*-algebra is AF if it is the direct limit of a sequence of finite-dimensional C*-algebras:
where each Ai is a finite-dimensional C*-algebra and the connecting maps αi are *-homomorphisms. We will assume that each αi is unital. The inductive system specifying an AF algebra is not unique. One can always drop to a subsequence. Suppressing the connecting maps, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiya%20Tanaka%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201984%29 | is a former Japanese football player.
Club statistics
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Kanazawa, Ishikawa
Association football people from Ishikawa Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Japan Football League players
Sanfrecce Hiroshima players
Ehime FC players
Zweigen Kanazawa players
Men's association football forwards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20records%20and%20statistics%20in%20Spain | This page details football records in Spain. Unless otherwise stated, records are taken from Primera División or La Liga. This page also includes records from the Spanish domestic cup competition or Copa del Rey.
League records
La Liga
Segunda División
All-time table
The all-time table is an overall record of all match results, points, and goals of every team that has played in Segunda División since its inception in 1929. The table that follows is accurate as of the end of the 2022–23 season. The table does not consider the 1929 Segunda División Grupo B as the second tier.
Notes
Segunda División B
All-time table (1977–2021)
The all-time table is an overall record of all match results, points, and goals of every team that has played in Segunda División B (third division) since its creation in 1977 and until its last season, 2020–21. The division was replaced by Segunda División RFEF and demoted to fourth tier, after the creation of a new third tier named Primera División RFEF.
Notes
Tercera División
All-time table (1929–2021)
The all-time table is an overall record of all match results, points, and goals of every team that has played in Tercera División (third division until 1977; fourth division until 2021) since its creation in 1929 and until its last season, 2020–21. The division was replaced by Tercera División RFEF and demoted to fifth tier, after the creation of a new third tier named Primera División RFEF.
Notes
Copa del Rey
Records in this section refers to Copa del Rey from its founding in 1902 through to the present.
Most wins: 31, Barcelona (1910, 1912, 1913, 1920, 1922, 1925, 1926, 1928, 1942, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1957, 1959, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1978, 1981, 1983, 1988, 1990, 1997, 1998, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2021)
Most consecutive wins: 4, joint record:
Barcelona (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018)
Athletic Bilbao (1930, 1931, 1932, 1933)
Real Madrid (1905, 1906, 1907, 1908)
Most consecutive finals played: 6, Barcelona (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019)
Most finals played: 42, Barcelona (1910, 1912, 1913, 1919, 1920, 1922, 1925, 1926, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1942, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1957, 1959, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1974, 1978, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021)
Most finals without winning: 4, Celta Vigo (1908, 1948, 1994, 2001)
Most finals without losing: 2, Deportivo La Coruña (1995, 2002)
Biggest win in a final: joint record
Barcelona 5–0 Sevilla (2018)
Athletic Bilbao 5–0 Espanyol (1915)
Real Madrid 6–1 Castilla (1980)
Most goals in a final: 8, Sevilla 6–2 Racing de Ferrol (1939)
Most goals by a losing side: 3, joint record:
Athletic Bilbao losing 3–4 against Barcelona 1942
Valencia losing 3–4 against Barcelona 1971
Most consecutive rounds won: 24, Barcelona (16 December 2014 – 27 February 2019)
Biggest home win: Real Murcia 14–0 Cieza Promesas (first round, 10 September 1991–92 Copa del Rey)
Biggest away win: Don Benito 0–13 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restricted%20randomization | In statistics, restricted randomization occurs in the design of experiments and in particular in the context of randomized experiments and randomized controlled trials. Restricted randomization allows intuitively poor allocations of treatments to experimental units to be avoided, while retaining the theoretical benefits of randomization. For example, in a clinical trial of a new proposed treatment of obesity compared to a control, an experimenter would want to avoid outcomes of the randomization in which the new treatment was allocated only to the heaviest patients.
The concept was introduced by Frank Yates (1948) and William J. Youden (1972) "as a way of avoiding bad spatial patterns of treatments in designed experiments."
Example of nested data
Consider a batch process that uses 7 monitor wafers in each run. The plan further calls for measuring a response variable on each wafer at each of 9 sites. The organization of the sampling plan has a hierarchical or nested structure: the batch run is the topmost level, the second level is an individual wafer, and the third level is the site on the wafer.
The total amount of data generated per batch run will be 7 · 9 = 63 observations. One approach to analyzing these data would be to compute the mean of all these points as well as their standard deviation and use those results as responses for each run.
Analyzing the data as suggested above is not absolutely incorrect, but doing so loses information that one might otherwise obtain. For example, site 1 on wafer 1 is physically different from site 1 on wafer 2 or on any other wafer. The same is true for any of the sites on any of the wafers. Similarly, wafer 1 in run 1 is physically different from wafer 1 in run 2, and so on. To describe this situation one says that sites are nested within wafers while wafers are nested within runs.
As a consequence of this nesting, there are restrictions on the randomization that can occur in the experiment. This kind of restricted randomization always produces nested sources of variation. Examples of nested variation or restricted randomization discussed on this page are split-plot and strip-plot designs.
The objective of an experiment with this type of sampling plan is generally to reduce the variability due to sites on the wafers and wafers within runs (or batches) in the process. The sites on the wafers and the wafers within a batch become sources of unwanted variation and an investigator seeks to make the system robust to those sources—in other words, one could treat wafers and sites as noise factors in such an experiment.
Because the wafers and the sites represent unwanted sources of variation and because one of the objectives is to reduce the process sensitivity to these sources of variation, treating wafers and sites as random effects in the analysis of the data is a reasonable approach. In other words, nested variation is often another way of saying nested random effects or nested sources of noise. If the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20experimental%20design | A glossary of terms used in experimental research.
Concerned fields
Statistics
Experimental design
Estimation theory
Glossary
Alias: When the estimate of an effect also includes the influence of one or more other effects (usually high order interactions) the effects are said to be aliased (see confounding). For example, if the estimate of effect D in a four factor experiment actually estimates (D + ABC), then the main effect D is aliased with the 3-way interaction ABC. Note: This causes no difficulty when the higher order interaction is either non-existent or insignificant.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA): A mathematical process for separating the variability of a group of observations into assignable causes and setting up various significance tests.
Balanced design: An experimental design where all cells (i.e. treatment combinations) have the same number of observations.
Blocking: A schedule for conducting treatment combinations in an experimental study such that any effects on the experimental results due to a known change in raw materials, operators, machines, etc., become concentrated in the levels of the blocking variable. Note: the reason for blocking is to isolate a systematic effect and prevent it from obscuring the main effects. Blocking is achieved by restricting randomization.
Center Points: Points at the center value of all factor ranges.
Coding Factor Levels: Transforming the scale of measurement for a factor so that the high value becomes +1 and the low value becomes -1 (see scaling). After coding all factors in a 2-level full factorial experiment, the design matrix has all orthogonal columns. Coding is a simple linear transformation of the original measurement scale. If the "high" value is Xh and the "low" value is XL (in the original scale), then the scaling transformation takes any original X value and converts it to (X − a)/b, where a = (Xh + XL)/2 and b = (Xh−XL)/2. To go back to the original measurement scale, just take the coded value and multiply it by b and add a or, X = b × (coded value) + a. As an example, if the factor is temperature and the high setting is 65°C and the low setting is 55°C, then a = (65 + 55)/2 = 60 and b = (65 − 55)/2 = 5. The center point (where the coded value is 0) has a temperature of 5(0) + 60 = 60°C.
Comparative design: A design that allows the (typically mean-unbiased) estimation of the difference in factor effects, especially for the difference in treatment effects. The estimation of differences between treatment effects can be made with greater reliability than the estimation of absolute treatment effects.
Confounding: A confounding design is one where some treatment effects (main or interactions) are estimated by the same linear combination of the experimental observations as some blocking effects. In this case, the treatment effect and the blocking effect are said to be confounded. Confounding is also used as a general term to indicate that the value of a main effect estimate com |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bom%20Jesus%20da%20Lapa | Bom Jesus da Lapa is a municipality in Bahia, Brazil located from the state capital. The population as of 2020 was recorded at 69,662 according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The city covers a total area of along the banks of the São Francisco River. Its economy is based on agriculture, commerce, tourism and fishing. The current mayor is Eures Ribeiro Pereira. It is the site of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bom Jesus da Lapa.
The city is home to the third largest Catholic festival in Brazil, known as the Romaria (Portuguese for "Procession" or "Pilgrimage") of Bom Jesus drawing as many as 800,000 visitors or "Romeiros" to the city annually. For this reason, the city is known as "Capital Baiana da Fé" (The Bahian Capital of Faith).
Bom Jesus da Lapa is distinguished by other cities in the region by its Gothic style wall and nearby caves.
History
It is one of the older towns in Brazil being founded in 1693. It did not reach the status of city until 1953. The name means "Good Jesus of the Grotto." This might relate to a nearby cavern that naturally had "church-like" structures so was converted to a chapel. The chapel began in the seventeenth century and is a significant pilgrimage site in Brazil.
Transportation
The city is served by Bom Jesus da Lapa Airport.
References
External links
Municipalities in Bahia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locally%20discrete%20collection | In mathematics, particularly topology, collections of subsets are said to be locally discrete if they look like they have precisely one element from a local point of view. The study of locally discrete collections is worthwhile as Bing's metrization theorem shows.
Formal definition
Let X be a topological space. A collection {Ga} of subsets of X is said to be locally discrete, if each point of the space has a neighbourhood intersecting at most one element of the collection. A collection of subsets of X is said to be countably locally discrete, if it is the countable union of locally discrete collections.
Properties and examples
1. Locally discrete collections are always locally finite. See the page on local finiteness.
2. If a collection of subsets of a topological space X is locally discrete, it must satisfy the property that each point of the space belongs to at most one element of the collection. This means that only collections of pairwise disjoint sets can be locally discrete.
3. A Hausdorff space cannot have a locally discrete basis unless it is itself discrete. The same property holds for a T1 space.
4. The following is known as Bing's metrization theorem:
A space X is metrizable iff it is regular and has a basis that is countably locally discrete.
5. A countable collection of sets is necessarily countably locally discrete. Therefore, if X is a metrizable space with a countable basis, one implication of Bing's metrization theorem holds. In fact, Bing's metrization theorem is almost a corollary of the Nagata-Smirnov theorem.
See also
Locally finite collection
Nagata-Smirnov metrization theorem
Bing metrization theorem
References
James Munkres (1999). Topology, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall. .
Topology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy%20Webster | William T. Webster (1909–?) was an English professional footballer who played as a winger.
Career statistics
Source:
References
1909 births
Footballers from Sunderland
English men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
Stockport County F.C. players
Bradford City A.F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Accrington Stanley F.C. (1891) players
Gateshead F.C. players
Stalybridge Celtic F.C. players
Darlington Town F.C. players
English Football League players
Year of death missing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moroccans%20in%20Sweden | Moroccans in Sweden are citizens and residents of Sweden who are of Moroccan descent.
Demographics
According to Statistics Sweden, as of 2019, there are a total 11,530 Morocco-born immigrants living in Sweden. There are 3,742 citizens of Morocco (1,912 men, 1,830 women), not including those who also have Swedish citizenship. As of 2016, 429 Moroccan citizens (361 men, 68 women) residing in Sweden are registered as asylum seekers. Among these individuals are 144 Moroccan children out of a total 2,199 unaccompanied refugee minors residing in Sweden. In 2016, the governments of Morocco and Sweden signed a treaty to facilitate the children's repatriation to Morocco. According to Statistics Sweden, in 2016, there were 64 registered emigrations from Sweden to Morocco.
Refugees
In May 2017 border police reported that false identities were common among Moroccan asylum seekers. Police in Sweden were able to verify the identities of 77 migrants from Morocco using fingerprint matches checked against the Moroccan fingerprint database. It was found that out of the 77, 65 had lied about their identity and of the 50 claiming to be underage, all but two were adult.
Repatriation
Of the estimated 800 street children in Sweden, Morocco is the most prevalent country of origin. While Morocco earlier refused to receive the youth, in 2016 the governments of Sweden and Morocco signed a treaty to facilitate their repatriation by using the Moroccan fingerprint register to aid the Swedish Migration Agency in identifying them. Of those who claimed to be under 18 years of age, this was incorrect in 90% of the cases. After the treaty, coordination by authorities in the two countries led to 271 being leaving Sweden during 2016. According to statistics by the Swedish Prison and Probation Service, 135 individuals were repatriated to Morocco in 2017.
Education
, according to Statistics Sweden, 26% of Morocco-born individuals aged 25 to 64 have attained a primary and lower secondary education level (23% men, 29% women), 35% have attained an upper secondary education level (37% men, 33% women), 19% have attained a post-secondary education level of less than 3 years (21% men, 17% women), 15% have attained a post-secondary education of 3 years or more (15% men, 15% women), and 6% have attained an unknown education level (5% men, 7% women).
Notable people
Loreen, singer
Leila K, singer
Kenza Zouiten, fashion model and blogger
RedOne, producer and songwriter
Said Legue, actor
Nabil Bahoui, footballer
Amin Affane, footballer
Sofia Karlberg, singer
See also
Moroccan diaspora
Immigration to Sweden
References
Arabs in Sweden
Diasporas in Sweden
Sweden
Middle Eastern diaspora in Sweden
Muslim communities in Europe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary%20polynomial | Auxiliary polynomial is a term in mathematics which may refer to:
The auxiliary function argument in transcendence theory
The characteristic polynomial of a recurrence relation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suken | is a world mathematics certification program and examination established in Japan in 1988.
Outline of Suken
Each Suken level (Kyu) has two sections. Section 1 is calculation and Section 2 is application.
Passing Rate
In order to pass the Suken, you must correctly answer approximately 70% of section 1 and approximately 60% of section 2.
Levels
Level 5 (7th grade math)
The examination time is 180 minutes for section 1, 60 minutes for section 2.
Level 4 (8th grade)
The examination time is 60 minutes for section 1, 60 minutes for section 2.
3rd Kyu, suits for 9th grade
The examination time is 60 minutes for section 1, 60 minutes for section 2.
Levels 5 - 3 include the following subjects:
Calculation with negative numbers
Inequalities
Simultaneous equations
Congruency and similarities
Square roots
Factorization
Quadratic equations and functions
The Pythagorean theorem
Probabilities
Level pre-2 (10th grade)
The examination time is 60 minutes for section 1, 90 minutes for section 2.
Level 2 (11th grade)
The examination time is 60 minutes for section 1, 90 minutes for section 2.
Level pre-1st (12th grade)
The examination time is 60 minutes for section 1, 120 minutes for section 2.
Levels pre-2 - pre-1 include the following subjects:
Quadratic functions
Trigonometry
Sequences
Vectors
Complex numbers
Basic calculus
Matrices
Simple curved lines
Probability
Level 1 (undergrad and graduate)
The examination time is 60 minutes for section 1, 120 minutes for section 2.
Level 1 includes the following subjects:
Linear algebra
Vectors
Matrices
Differential equations
Statistics
Probability
References
External links
Suken(in Japanese)
Suken USA
Mathematics competitions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Derby%20County%20F.C.%20records%20and%20statistics | This page details records and statistics related to Derby County F.C..
Player records
Appearances
Players with 300 or more appearances for the club:
Current players with 100 or more appearances:
As of 1 November 2023
All Competitions stats include League, FA Cup, League Cup, League Test Match, Playoffs, Charity Shield, European Cup, UEFA Cup, Texaco Cup, Football League Trophy, Full Members Cup and Anglo-Italian Cup
Other records
Youngest first-team player – Mason Bennett, 15 years 99 days, v. Middlesbrough, Championship, 22 October 2011.
Oldest first-team player – Peter Shilton, 42 years 164 days, v. Watford, Division Two, 29 February 1992
Goalscorers
Players with 50 or more goals for the club:
Current players with 10 or more goals for the club:
As of 1 November 2023
All Competitions stats include League, FA Cup, League Cup, League Test Match, Playoffs, Charity Shield, European Cup, UEFA Cup, Texaco Cup, Football League Trophy, Full Members Cup and Anglo-Italian Cup
Other records
Most goals in a season – 43, Jack Bowers – 35 First Division, 8 FA Cup (1932–33)
Most league goals in a season – 37, Jack Bowers, First Division, (1930–31) and 37, Ray Straw, Division 3 (N), (1956–57)
Most goals in a single match – 6, Steve Bloomer (v. Sheffield Wednesday, First Division, 21 January 1899)
Most goals in an FA Cup match – 4, joint record: Harry Bedford (v. Bradford City, 8 January 1927) and Jackie Stamps (v. Luton Town, 5 January 1946)
Most goals in a League Cup match – 4, joint record Alan Hinton (v. Stockport County, 4 September 1968) and Kevin Wilson (v. Hartlepool United, 29 August 1984)
Most goals in a European match – 5, Kevin Hector (v. Finn Harps, UEFA Cup, 15 September 1976)
Youngest goalscorer – Mason Bennett, 16 years 176 days (v. Tranmere Rovers, FA Cup, 5 January 2013)
Scoring in successive league matches – 6, joint record, John Goodall (1891–92), Alf Bentley (1909–10), Horace Barnes (1913–14), George Stephenson (1927–28), Jack Bowers (1930–31 and 1933–34) – the only Derby player to achieve this twice, Ray Straw (1956–57), Eddie Thomas (1964–65) – his first six games for Derby, Francesco Baiano (1997–98)
International caps
First Derby international – Benjamin Spilsbury (for England v Ireland, 1885)
Most capped Derby player while playing for the club – Deon Burton, 42 caps for Jamaica
Most capped Derby player for England while playing for the club – Peter Shilton, 34 caps
First Derby County players to play in a World Cup – Bruce Rioch and Don Masson (for Scotland v. Peru, 3 June 1978)
First Derby players to play in a World Cup for England – Peter Shilton and Mark Wright (v. Republic of Ireland, 11 June 1990)
Club records
Wins
Most League wins in a season – 28 in 46 matches, Division 3 (N), (1955–56)
Fewest League wins in a season – 1 in 38 matches, Premier League, 2007–08
Defeats
Most League defeats in a season – 29 in 38 matches, Premier League, 2007–08
Fewest League defeats in a season – 5 in 42 matches, Se |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine%20Primera%20Divisi%C3%B3n%20records%20and%20statistics | This is a list of major records of the Argentine Primera División, the top level of the Argentine football league system. The first season was held in 1891.
There have also been a number of changes in the competition format:
Between 1891 and 1966 it was played during one year in a double round-robin tournament.
Between 1967 and 1985 there were two championships per year (Metropolitano and Nacional).
Between 1985 and 1991 it was contested via round-robin again, but with the European style calendar (season started in mid year).
Since 1991, it is contested with an Apertura and Clausura format, meaning there are two champions per season.
Since 2012, it is contested with a format similar to this last, with two champions per season, and a third, which is the winner of a final played between these two teams. The championships are named Inicial, which replaced the Apertura; and Final, which replaced the Clausura.
Teams
Titles
River Plate is the most successful team in Argentine domestic football, having won the league title 36 times.
Boca Juniors is the only team that have won at least one title in every decade.
River Plate and Racing Club are the only clubs ever to win three back-to-back championships. Racing achieved the feat in 1949, 1950 and 1951, while River Plate have achieved the feat 3 times: 1955, 1956 and 1957; 1979 Metro, 1979 Nacional and 1980 Metro; and 1996 Apertura, 1997 Clausura and 1997 Apertura.
Runners-up
River Plate is the only four times consecutive runner up, from the 1968 Nacional to the 1970 Metropolitano.
Runs
Boca Juniors set the record for the longest unbeaten run. They went 40 games without losing, starting during the 1998 Clausura and extended through the 1998 Apertura and the 1999 Clausura. The team was first coached by Miguel Ángel García Cambón, and then by Carlos Bianchi through most of the period.
Banfield holds the record for the longest unbeaten run in home games. They did not lose in their own stadium for 49 matches between 1950 and 1953.
San Lorenzo holds the record for the longest winning streak. They amassed 13 consecutive victories between the 2001 Clausura and the 2001 Apertura.
River Plate holds the record for the longest winning streak playing away from home. They won 11 consecutive matches on the road between 1937 and 1938.
Ferro Carril Oeste holds the record for the longest clean sheet. In 1981, they didn't concede a goal for 1075 minutes. This included a run of ten complete games without conceding a goal. Their goalkeeper was Carlos Barisio.
Racing Club holds the record for the longest sequence of tied matches. They drew ten league games in a row between 20 April and 14 October 1990.
In one championship
Independiente holds the record for the most goals in one season. They scored 115 in 1938.
Racing Club won the championship with the most points during the first year-long form of dispute (1931–1966), with 61 points in 1966.
River Plate won the championship with the most points in a Nacional, with 6 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20signal%20processing | Algebraic signal processing (ASP) is an emerging area of theoretical signal processing (SP). In the algebraic theory of signal processing, a set of filters is treated as an (abstract) algebra, a set of signals is treated as a module or vector space, and convolution is treated as an algebra representation. The advantage of algebraic signal processing is its generality and portability.
History
In the original formulation of algebraic signal processing by Puschel and Moura, the signals are collected in an -module for some algebra of filters, and filtering is given by the action of on the -module.
Definitions
Let be a field, for instance the complex numbers, and be a -algebra (i.e. a vector space over with a binary operation that is linear in both arguments) treated as a set of filters. Suppose is a vector space representing a set signals. A representation of consists of an algebra homomorphism where is the algebra of linear transformations with composition (equivalent, in the finite-dimensional case, to matrix multiplication). For convenience, we write for the endomorphism . To be an algebra homomorphism, must not only be a linear transformation, but also satisfy the propertyGiven a signal , convolution of the signal by a filter yields a new signal . Some additional terminology is needed from the representation theory of algebras. A subset is said to generate the algebra if every element of can be represented as polynomials in the elements of . The image of a generator is called a shift operator. In all practically all examples, convolutions are formed as polynomials in generated by shift operators. However, this is not necessarily the case for a representation of an arbitrary algebra.
Examples
Discrete Signal Processing
In discrete signal processing (DSP), the signal space is the set of complex-valued functions with bounded energy (i.e. square-integrable functions). This means the infinite series where is the modulus of a complex number. The shift operator is given by the linear endomorphism . The filter space is the algebra of polynomials with complex coefficients and convolution is given by where is an element of the algebra. Filtering a signal by , then yields because .
Graph Signal Processing
A weighted graph is an undirected graph with pseudometric on the node set written . A graph signal is simply a real-valued function on the set of nodes of the graph. In graph neural networks, graph signals are sometimes called features. The signal space is the set of all graph signals where is a set of nodes in . The filter algebra is the algebra of polynomials in one indeterminate . There a few possible choices for a graph shift operator (GSO). The (un)normalized weighted adjacency matrix of is a popular choice, as well as the (un)normalized graph Laplacian . The choice is dependent on performance and design considerations. If is the GSO, then a graph convolution is the linear transformation for some , and conv |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970%E2%80%9371%20Chelsea%20F.C.%20season | The 1970-71 season was Chelsea Football Club's 57th of competitive football, and their 44th in the English top flight.
Squad statistics
Substitute appearances in parentheses. Substitute appearances included in totals
Results
First Division
FA Charity Shield
League Cup
UEFA Cup Winner's Cup
FA Cup
Notes
References
Soccerbase
Hockings, Ron. 100 Years of the Blues: A Statistical History of Chelsea Football Club. (2007)
Chelsea Fc Season, 1970-71
Chelsea F.C. seasons
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup-winning seasons |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Dunham%20%28mathematician%29 | William Wade Dunham (born 1947) is an American writer who was originally trained in topology but became interested in the history of mathematics and specializes in Leonhard Euler. He has received several awards for writing and teaching on this subject.
Education
Dunham received his BS from the University of Pittsburgh in 1969, his MS from Ohio State in 1970, and his PhD from the same institution in 1974.
Writings
Dunham won the American Association of Publishers' award for writing the Best Mathematics Book of 1994 for his book The Mathematical Universe. In his book Euler: The Master of Us All, he examines Leonhard Euler's impressive mathematical work. He received a Lester R. Ford Award in 2006 for his expository article Touring the Calculus, and the Chauvenet Prize in 2022 for his article The Early (and Peculiar) History of the Möbius Function.
In 2007, Dunham gave a lecture about Euler's product-sum formula and its relationship to analytic number theory, as well as discussed Euler's evaluation of a non-trivial integral at the celebration of "Year of Euler" by the Euler Society. He published a chapter "Euler and the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra" in the book The Genius of Euler published in 2007 to commemorate the 300th birthday of Euler.
Works
Footnotes
External links
William Dunham at Muhlenberg College
A Tribute to Euler, William Dunham, YouTube
Your humble Servant, Is. Newton by William Dunham - YouTube
Your humble Servant, Is. Newton, Mathematical Association of America
1947 births
Living people
American science writers
University of Pittsburgh alumni
Ohio State University alumni
American historians of mathematics
Muhlenberg College faculty |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984%20Argentine%20Primera%20Divisi%C3%B3n | Statistics of Primera División Argentina in season 1984.
Nacional Championship
Group stages
Knockout stages
Final
Ferro Carril Oeste won on aggregate 4–0.
Metropolitano Championship
League table
Relegation table
See also
1984 in Argentine football
References
Argentine Primera División seasons
Primera Division
Arg
p
p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20selection%20theorem | In functional analysis, a branch of mathematics, Michael selection theorem is a selection theorem named after Ernest Michael. In its most popular form, it states the following:
Let X be a paracompact space and Y a Banach space.
Let be a lower hemicontinuous set-valued function with nonempty convex closed values.
Then there exists a continuous selection of F.
Conversely, if any lower semicontinuous multimap from topological space X to a Banach space, with nonempty convex closed values, admits a continuous selection, then X is paracompact. This provides another characterization for paracompactness.
Examples
A function that satisfies all requirements
The function: , shown by the grey area in the figure at the right, is a set-valued function from the real interval [0,1] to itself. It satisfies all Michael's conditions, and indeed it has a continuous selection, for example: or .
A function that does not satisfy lower hemicontinuity
The function
is a set-valued function from the real interval [0,1] to itself. It has nonempty convex closed values. However, it is not lower hemicontinuous at 0.5. Indeed, Michael's theorem does not apply and the function does not have a continuous selection: any selection at 0.5 is necessarily discontinuous.
Applications
Michael selection theorem can be applied to show that the differential inclusion
has a C1 solution when F is lower semi-continuous and F(t, x) is a nonempty closed and convex set for all (t, x). When F is single valued, this is the classic Peano existence theorem.
Generalizations
A theorem due to Deutsch and Kenderov generalizes Michel selection theorem to an equivalence relating approximate selections to almost lower hemicontinuity, where is said to be almost lower hemicontinuous if at each , all neighborhoods of there exists a neighborhood of such that
Precisely, Deutsch–Kenderov theorem states that if is paracompact, a normed vector space and is nonempty convex for each , then is almost lower hemicontinuous if and only if has continuous approximate selections, that is, for each neighborhood of in there is a continuous function such that for each , .
In a note Xu proved that Deutsch–Kenderov theorem is also valid if is a locally convex topological vector space.
See also
Zero-dimensional Michael selection theorem
Selection theorem
References
Further reading
Theory of continuous functions
Properties of topological spaces
Theorems in functional analysis
Compactness theorems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306%20Real%20Madrid%20CF%20season | The 2005–06 season was Real Madrid CF's 75th season in La Liga. This article lists all matches that the club played in the 2005–06 season, and also shows statistics of the club's players.
For the second consecutive season, Real Madrid did not win any competitions. This was their first consecutive trophyless seasons since 1982–83 to 1983–84.
Players
(Captain)
Transfers
In
Total spending: €96 million
On loan
Out
Total income: €35 million
Competitions
Pre-season
In June 2005, president Florentino Pérez presented the "2005 Real Madrid World Tour", which included 6 friendly matches in North America and Asia. Two more matches were played in Central Europe during the second stage of the pre-season, including a homage to Ferenc Puskás, which was held in Hungary. The last match, an annual Trofeo Santiago Bernabéu, was played on home soil.
La Liga
League table
Results by round
Matches
Copa del Rey
UEFA Champions League
Group stage
Group F
Round of 16
Top scorers
Ronaldo – 14
Zinedine Zidane – 9
Júlio Baptista – 8
Robinho – 8
Raúl – 5
Roberto Carlos – 5
Statistics
Players statistics
See also
2005–06 La Liga
2005–06 Copa del Rey
2005–06 UEFA Champions League
References
External links
Realmadrid.com Official Site
Real Madrid Team Page
Real Madrid (Spain) profile
uefa.com - UEFA Champions League
Web Oficial de la Liga de Fútbol Profesional
FIFA
Real Madrid
Real Madrid CF seasons |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305%20Real%20Madrid%20CF%20season | The 2004–05 season was Real Madrid CF's 74th season in La Liga. This article lists all matches that the club played in the 2004–05 season, and also shows statistics of the club's players.
Real Madrid finished the season trophyless for the first time since 1995–96.
First-team squad
Left club during season
Reserve squad
Transfers
In
Total spending: €59,500,000
Out
Total income: €0
Pre-season and friendlies
Competitions
Overview
La Liga
League table
Results summary
Result round by round
Matches
Copa del Rey
Round of 64
Round of 32
Round of 16
UEFA Champions League
Third qualifying round
Group stage
Round of 16
Statistics
Players statistics
References
Real Madrid
Real Madrid CF seasons |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbulut%20cork | In topology, an Akbulut cork is a structure that is frequently used to show that in 4-dimensions, the smooth h-cobordism theorem fails. It was named after Turkish mathematician Selman Akbulut.
A compact contractible Stein 4-manifold with involution on its boundary is called an Akbulut cork, if extends to a self-homeomorphism but cannot extend to a self-diffeomorphism inside (hence a cork is an exotic copy of itself relative to its boundary). A cork is called a cork of a smooth 4-manifold , if removing from and re-gluing it via changes the smooth structure of (this operation is called "cork twisting"). Any exotic copy of a closed simply connected 4-manifold differs from by a single cork twist.
The basic idea of the Akbulut cork is that when attempting to use the h-corbodism theorem in four dimensions, the cork is the sub-cobordism that contains all the exotic properties of the spaces connected with the cobordism, and when removed the two spaces become trivially h-cobordant and smooth. This shows that in four dimensions, although the theorem does not tell us that two manifolds are diffeomorphic (only homeomorphic), they are "not far" from being diffeomorphic.
To illustrate this (without proof), consider a smooth h-cobordism between two 4-manifolds and . Then within there is a sub-cobordism between and and there is a diffeomorphism
which is the content of the h-cobordism theorem for n ≥ 5 (here int X refers to the interior of a manifold X). In addition, A and B are diffeomorphic with a diffeomorphism that is an involution on the boundary ∂A = ∂B. Therefore, it can be seen that the h-corbordism K connects A with its "inverted" image B. This submanifold A is the Akbulut cork.
Notes
References
Topology
Differential topology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10-orthoplex | In geometry, a 10-orthoplex or 10-cross polytope, is a regular 10-polytope with 20 vertices, 180 edges, 960 triangle faces, 3360 octahedron cells, 8064 5-cells 4-faces, 13440 5-faces, 15360 6-faces, 11520 7-faces, 5120 8-faces, and 1024 9-faces.
It has two constructed forms, the first being regular with Schläfli symbol {38,4}, and the second with alternately labeled (checker-boarded) facets, with Schläfli symbol {37,31,1} or Coxeter symbol 711.
It is one of an infinite family of polytopes, called cross-polytopes or orthoplexes. The dual polytope is the 10-hypercube or 10-cube.
Alternate names
Decacross is derived from combining the family name cross polytope with deca for ten (dimensions) in Greek
Chilliaicositetraronnon as a 1024-facetted 10-polytope (polyronnon).
Construction
There are two Coxeter groups associated with the 10-orthoplex, one regular, dual of the 10-cube with the C10 or [4,38] symmetry group, and a lower symmetry with two copies of 9-simplex facets, alternating, with the D10 or [37,1,1] symmetry group.
Cartesian coordinates
Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a 10-orthoplex, centred at the origin are
(±1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0), (0,±1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0), (0,0,±1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0), (0,0,0,±1,0,0,0,0,0,0), (0,0,0,0,±1,0,0,0,0,0), (0,0,0,0,0,±1,0,0,0,0), (0,0,0,0,0,0,±1,0,0,0), (0,0,0,0,0,0,0,±1,0,0), (0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,±1,0), (0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,±1)
Every vertex pair is connected by an edge, except opposites.
Images
References
H.S.M. Coxeter:
H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd Edition, Dover New York, 1973
Kaleidoscopes: Selected Writings of H.S.M. Coxeter, edited by F. Arthur Sherk, Peter McMullen, Anthony C. Thompson, Asia Ivic Weiss, Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1995,
(Paper 22) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi Regular Polytopes I, [Math. Zeit. 46 (1940) 380-407, MR 2,10]
(Paper 23) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes II, [Math. Zeit. 188 (1985) 559-591]
(Paper 24) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes III, [Math. Zeit. 200 (1988) 3-45]
Norman Johnson Uniform Polytopes, Manuscript (1991)
N.W. Johnson: The Theory of Uniform Polytopes and Honeycombs, Ph.D. (1966)
External links
Polytopes of Various Dimensions
Multi-dimensional Glossary
10-polytopes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston%20Dynamo%20records%20and%20statistics | This article is a list of statistics and records relating to Houston Dynamo. The Houston Dynamo is an American professional soccer club based in Houston, Texas. The club was founded in 2006 and plays in Major League Soccer.
This list encompasses the major honors won by Houston Dynamo and records set by the club, their coaches, and their players. The player records section includes details of the club's leading goal scorers and those who have made most appearances in first-team competitions. It also records notable achievements by Houston Dynamo players on the international stage. The club's attendance records at Robertson Stadium are also included in the list.
Honors
Houston Dynamo's first trophy was the Carolina Challenge Cup, a preseason tournament before the 2006 campaign. Houston went on to win the 2006 MLS Cup before duplicating the feat in the 2007 MLS Cup. They returned to the MLS cup in 2011 and 2012, both times Falling to the host Los Angeles Galaxy. In 2015 the Dynamo won they're third Carolina Challenge Cup and two years later won another preseason tournament, The Desert Diamond Cup.
Domestic
MLS Cup (2) 2006, 2007
runners up (2) 2011, 2012
Supporters Shield
runners up(1) 2008
U.S. Open Cup (1) 2018
Preseason and Friendly Trophies
Dynamo Charities Cup (5):
2009 : 2–1 vs. Monterrey
2010 : 4–0 vs. Águila
2013 : 2–0 vs. Stoke City
2015 : 4–0 vs. Santos Laguna
2016 : 3–3 (5–4p) vs. Real Sociedad
Carolina Challenge Cup (3): 2006, 2007, 2015
Texas Pro Soccer Festival (1): 2008
Desert Diamond Cup (1): 2017
Player Stats
All current players are in bold
Most appearances
Competitive, professional matches only. MLS Playoffs count as other. Substitutions count as appearances. Correct as of the end of the 2021 season.
Most Goals
Major League Soccer
As of June 2, 2023
Most goals scored in MLS: 56 – Brian Ching , 2006–2013
Most goals in one MLS season: 19 – Mauro Manotas, 2018
Most goals scored in one MLS game: 4 – Brian Ching, against Colorado Rapids in 2006.
Most MLS hat-tricks in one season: 1 – Seven players tied
Most MLS hat-tricks overall: 2 – Brian Ching.
U.S. Open CupAs of June 2, 2023 Most goals scored in U.S. Open Cup: 10 – Mauro Manotas, 2015–2020
Most goals scored in one Open Cup game: '''2 – Alejandro Moreno, against Carolina Dynamo in 2006; Geoff Cameron against Charleston Battery in 2009; Mauro Manotas, against Sporting Kansas City in 2016; Memo Rodríguez and Aldo Quintanilla, against NTX Rayados in 2018; Mauro Manotas and Romell Quioto against Sporting Kansas City in 2018; Mauro Manotas against the Philadelphia Union in 2018
Most goals scored in one Open Cup season: 6 – Mauro Manotas 2018
Hat-tricks
*Dynamo goals listed first.
Most Assists
Competitive, professional matches only. Current as of the end of the 2021 season.
Most Yellow Cards
Competitive, professional matches only. Current as of the end of the 2020 season.
Most Red Cards
Competitive, professional matches only. Current as of the en |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude%20Ponsard | Claude Ponsard (1927–1990) was a French economist who worked in spatial economics and in the application of fuzzy set theory to economics. Bo Yuan and George J. Klir noted that Ponsard was a "pioneer who initiated the reformulation of economic theory by taking advantage of fuzzy set theory" in their book, Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic theory and applications (1995).
Publications
References
1927 births
1990 deaths
Regional economists
20th-century French economists
20th-century French male writers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Rossi%20%28footballer%29 | Daniel Rossi Silva (born 4 January 1981), commonly known as just Daniel Rossi, is a Brazilian football midfielder who last played for Jablonec in the Czech Synot liga.
Club statistics
Honours
SK Sigma Olomouc
Czech Supercup: 2012
References
External links
Daniel Rossi at Football-Lineups
Kawasaki Frontale profile
1981 births
Living people
People from Rio Claro, São Paulo
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
São Paulo FC players
Avaí FC players
Rio Claro Futebol Clube players
Czech First League players
SK Sigma Olomouc players
FK Jablonec players
Kawasaki Frontale players
J1 League players
Men's association football midfielders
Expatriate men's footballers in the Czech Republic
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in the Czech Republic
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Japan
Footballers from São Paulo (state) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%CE%B4%20space | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Gδ space}}
In mathematics, particularly topology, a Gδ space is a topological space in which closed sets are in a way ‘separated’ from their complements using only countably many open sets. A Gδ space may thus be regarded as a space satisfying a different kind of separation axiom. In fact normal Gδ spaces are referred to as perfectly normal spaces, and satisfy the strongest of separation axioms.
Gδ spaces are also called perfect spaces. The term perfect is also used, incompatibly, to refer to a space with no isolated points; see Perfect set.
Definition
A countable intersection of open sets in a topological space is called a Gδ set. Trivially, every open set is a Gδ set. Dually, a countable union of closed sets is called an Fσ set. Trivially, every closed set is an Fσ set.
A topological space X is called a Gδ space if every closed subset of X is a Gδ set. Dually and equivalently, a Gδ space is a space in which every open set is an Fσ set.
Properties and examples
Every subspace of a Gδ space is a Gδ space.
Every metrizable space is a Gδ space. The same holds for pseudometrizable spaces.
Every second countable regular space is a Gδ space. This follows from the Urysohn's metrization theorem in the Hausdorff case, but can easily be shown directly.
Every countable regular space is a Gδ space.
Every hereditarily Lindelöf regular space is a Gδ space. Such spaces are in fact perfectly normal. This generalizes the previous two items about second countable and countable regular spaces.
A Gδ space need not be normal, as R endowed with the K-topology shows. That example is not a regular space. Examples of Tychonoff Gδ spaces that are not normal are the Sorgenfrey plane and the Niemytzki plane.
In a first countable T1 space, every singleton is a Gδ set. That is not enough for the space to be a Gδ space, as shown for example by the lexicographic order topology on the unit square.
The Sorgenfrey line is an example of a perfectly normal (i.e. normal Gδ) space that is not metrizable.
The topological sum of a family of disjoint topological spaces is a Gδ space if and only if each is a Gδ space.
Notes
References
Roy A. Johnson (1970). "A Compact Non-Metrizable Space Such That Every Closed Subset is a G-Delta". The American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. 77, No. 2, pp. 172–176. on JStor
General topology
Properties of topological spaces
Real analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20global%20sustainability%20statistics | Global sustainability statistics are benchmarks for measuring the status of sustainability parameters. The following agencies provide baseline data for sustainability governance. They are just one form of data used for sustainability accounting and are valuable for assessing trends and measuring progress.
This list provides sources of statistics at the global level of governance only.
General lists
Meadows, D.H., Randers, J. & Meadows, D.L. 2004. Limits to growth: the 30-year update. Chelsea Green Publishing Company, White River Junction, USA.
The CIAs World Fact Book
World Data Center
United Nations Environmental Indicators Also publications on environmental statistics and statistical methods.
Water (water resources, water supply industry, waste water)
Air pollution (SO2 & NOx),
Climate change (greenhouse gas emissions; by sector(absolute & percentage); CO2 emissions; CH4 & N2O emissions)
Waste (municipal waste collection, treatment, hazardous waste)
Land use (total land area by country, forest area by country, agricultural area by country).
European Commission (Eurostat)
Biodiversity
Groombridge, B & Jenkins, M.D. 2002. World Atlas of Biodiversity. UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
Energy
BP Statistical Review of World Energy
The International Energy Agency. Key World Energy Statistics
UN Energy Statistics Database
Fisheries
UN Food and Agriculture Organization
Forests
UN Food and Agriculture Organization
Fertilizer
International Fertilizer Industry Association
Food and agriculture
UN Food and Agriculture Organization. FAOSTAT
Population
United Nations Population Division
United Nations Database
Population Reference Bureau
American Association for Advancement of Science
Water
International Water Management Institute
Stockholm International Water Institute
United Nations Environmental Program
Global Runoff Data Centre
See also
Sustainability accounting
Sustainability science
Sustainability governance
Sustainability
Sustainable development
References
Statistics, global
Statistics, global
Statistics-related lists
Sustainability statistics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahari%20Zhandov | Zahari Zhandov () (1 June 1911 – 2 February 1998) was a Bulgarian film director, script writer and cinematographer. He was born on 1 June 1911 in the city of Rousse. At first he studied mathematics and then administrative sciences at Free University of Political and Economic Sciences, today UNWE in Sofia. His debut in film-making was with the a short documentary One Day in Sofia (Edin den v Sofia, 1946). Later he came to direct films like Shibil (1968), Birds Come Flying to Us (Ptitzi dolitat, 1971) and The Master of Boyana (Boyanskiyat maystor, 1981). Zhandov got a Golden palm nomination at the Cannes Film Festival in 1957 for the film Earth (Zemya). In 1969 he was a member of the jury at the 6th Moscow International Film Festival.
He died on 2 February 1998 in Sofia.
Career
Director
One Day in Sofia (Edin den v Sofia) (1946)
People in the Clouds (Hora sred oblatzite) (1946)
Alarm (Trevoga) (1951)
Septembrists (Septemvriytzi) (1954)
Earth (Zemya) (1957)
Beyond the Horizon (Otvad horizonta) (1960)
The Black River (Chernata reka) (1964)
Awakened After Ages (Razbudeni sled vekove) (1964)
Shibil (1968)
Birds Come Flying to Us (Ptitzi dolitat) (1971)
The Master of Boyana (Boyanskiyat maystor) (1981)
Writer
One Day in Sofia (Edin den v Sofia) (1946)
People in the Clouds (Hora sred oblatzite) (1946)
Awakened After Ages (Razbudeni sled vekove) (1964)
Shibil (1968)
Birds Come Flying to Us (Ptitzi dolitat) (1971)
The Master of Boyana (Boyanskiyat maystor) (1981)
Cinematographer
One Day in Sofia (Edin den v Sofia) (1946)
People in the Clouds (Hora sred oblatzite) (1946)
Alarm (Trevoga) (1951)
References
General
Specific
1911 births
1998 deaths
Bulgarian film directors
People from Ruse, Bulgaria
University of National and World Economy alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmogorov%20structure%20function | In 1973, Andrey Kolmogorov proposed a non-probabilistic approach to statistics and model selection. Let each datum be a finite binary string and a model be a finite set of binary strings. Consider model classes consisting of models of given maximal Kolmogorov complexity.
The Kolmogorov structure function of an individual data string expresses the relation between the complexity level constraint on a model class and the least log-cardinality of a model in the class containing the data. The structure function determines all stochastic properties of the individual data string: for every constrained model class it determines the individual best-fitting model in the class irrespective of whether the true model is in the model class considered or not. In the classical case we talk about a set of data with a probability distribution, and the properties are those of the expectations. In contrast, here we deal with individual data strings and the properties of the individual string focused on. In this setting, a property holds with certainty rather than with high probability as in the classical case. The Kolmogorov structure function precisely quantifies the goodness-of-fit of an individual model with respect to individual data.
The Kolmogorov structure function is used in the algorithmic information theory, also known as the theory of Kolmogorov complexity, for describing the structure of a string by use of models of increasing complexity.
Kolmogorov's definition
The structure function was originally proposed by Kolmogorov in 1973 at a Soviet Information Theory symposium in Tallinn, but these results were not published p. 182. But the results were announced in in 1974, the only written record by Kolmogorov himself. One of his last scientific statements is (translated from the original Russian by L.A. Levin):
Contemporary definition
It is discussed in Cover and Thomas. It is extensively studied in Vereshchagin and Vitányi where also the main properties are resolved.
The Kolmogorov structure function can be written as
where is a binary string of length with where is a contemplated model (set of n-length strings) for , is the Kolmogorov complexity of and is a nonnegative integer value bounding the complexity of the contemplated 's. Clearly, this function is nonincreasing and reaches for where is the required number of bits to change into and is the Kolmogorov complexity of .
The algorithmic sufficient statistic
We define a set containing such that
.
The function never decreases more than a fixed independent constant below the diagonal called sufficiency line L defined by
.
It is approached to within a constant distance by the graph of for certain arguments (for instance, for ). For these 's we have and the associated model (witness for ) is called an optimal set for , and its description of bits is therefore an algorithmic sufficient statistic. We write `algorithmic' for `Kolmogorov complexity' by convention. The main pro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric%20convolution | In mathematics, symmetric convolution is a special subset of convolution operations in which the convolution kernel is symmetric across its zero point. Many common convolution-based processes such as Gaussian blur and taking the derivative of a signal in frequency-space are symmetric and this property can be exploited to make these convolutions easier to evaluate.
Convolution theorem
The convolution theorem states that a convolution in the real domain can be represented as a pointwise multiplication across the frequency domain of a Fourier transform. Since sine and cosine transforms are related transforms a modified version of the convolution theorem can be applied, in which the concept of circular convolution is replaced with symmetric convolution. Using these transforms to compute discrete symmetric convolutions is non-trivial since discrete sine transforms (DSTs) and discrete cosine transforms (DCTs) can be counter-intuitively incompatible for computing symmetric convolution, i.e. symmetric convolution can only be computed between a fixed set of compatible transforms.
Mutually compatible transforms
In order to compute symmetric convolution effectively, one must know which particular frequency domains (which are reachable by transforming real data through DSTs or DCTs) the inputs and outputs to the convolution can be and then tailor the symmetries of the transforms to the required symmetries of the convolution.
The following table documents which combinations of the domains from the main eight commonly used DST I-IV and DCT I-IV satisfy where represents the symmetric convolution operator. Convolution is a commutative operator, and so and are interchangeable.
Forward transforms of , and , through the transforms specified should allow the symmetric convolution to be computed as a pointwise multiplication, with any excess undefined frequency amplitudes set to zero. Possibilities for symmetric convolutions involving DSTs and DCTs V-VIII derived from the discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs) of odd logical order can be determined by adding four to each type in the above tables.
Advantages of symmetric convolutions
There are a number of advantages to computing symmetric convolutions in DSTs and DCTs in comparison with the more common circular convolution with the Fourier transform.
Most notably the implicit symmetry of the transforms involved is such that only data unable to be inferred through symmetry is required. For instance using a DCT-II, a symmetric signal need only have the positive half DCT-II transformed, since the frequency domain will implicitly construct the mirrored data comprising the other half. This enables larger convolution kernels to be used with the same cost as smaller kernels circularly convolved on the DFT. Also the boundary conditions implicit in DSTs and DCTs create edge effects that are often more in keeping with neighbouring data than the periodic effects introduced by using the Fourier transform.
References
F |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Latvian%20First%20League | These are the statistics of the Latvian First League during the 2006 season.
Overview
16 teams participated in the league, and JFK Olimps Rīga won the championship.
League standings
Top scorers
Ivans Lukjanovs (Olimps) - 27 goals
Latvian First League seasons
2
Latvia
Latvia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atiyah%E2%80%93Segal%20completion%20theorem | The Atiyah–Segal completion theorem is a theorem in mathematics about equivariant K-theory in homotopy theory. Let G be a compact Lie group and let X be a G-CW-complex. The theorem then states that the projection map
induces an isomorphism of prorings
Here, the induced map has as domain the completion of the G-equivariant K-theory of X with respect to I, where I denotes the augmentation ideal of the representation ring of G.
In the special case of X being a point, the theorem specializes to give an isomorphism between the K-theory of the classifying space of G and the completion of the representation ring.
The theorem can be interpreted as giving a comparison between the geometrical process of taking the homotopy quotient of a G-space, by making the action free before passing to the quotient, and the algebraic process of completing with respect to an ideal.
The theorem was first proved for finite groups by Michael Atiyah in 1961,
and a proof of the general case was published by Atiyah together with Graeme Segal in 1969.
Different proofs have since appeared generalizing the theorem to completion with respect to families of subgroups.
The corresponding statement for algebraic K-theory was proven by Alexander Merkurjev, holding in the case that the group is algebraic over the complex numbers.
See also
Segal conjecture
References
K-theory
Theorems in topology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%20Latvian%20First%20League | Statistics of Latvian First League for the 2007 season.
Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and FK Vindava Ventspils won the championship.
League standings
Latvian First League seasons
2
Latvia
Latvia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noether%27s%20second%20theorem | In mathematics and theoretical physics, Noether's second theorem relates symmetries of an action functional with a system of differential equations. The action S of a physical system is an integral of a so-called Lagrangian function L, from which the system's behavior can be determined by the principle of least action.
Specifically, the theorem says that if the action has an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra of infinitesimal symmetries parameterized linearly by k arbitrary functions and their derivatives up to order m, then the functional derivatives of L satisfy a system of k differential equations.
Noether's second theorem is sometimes used in gauge theory. Gauge theories are the basic elements of all modern field theories of physics, such as the prevailing Standard Model.
The theorem is named after its discoverer, Emmy Noether.
See also
Noether's first theorem
Noether identities
Gauge symmetry (mathematics)
Notes
References
Further reading
Theoretical physics
Calculus of variations
Partial differential equations
Conservation laws
Theorems in mathematical physics
Quantum field theory
Symmetry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detlef%20Gromoll | Detlef Gromoll (13 May 1938 – 31 May 2008) was a mathematician who worked in Differential geometry.
Biography
Gromoll was born in Berlin in 1938, and was a classically trained violinist.
After living and attending school in Rosdorf and graduating from high school in Bonn, he obtained his Ph.D. in mathematics at the University of Bonn in 1964.
Following sojourns at several universities, he joined the State University of New York at Stony Brook in 1969.
He married Suzan L. Lemay on 29 December 1971, and they had three children together: Hans Christian (also a mathematician), Heidi, and Stefan, a physicist & cofounder of Scientific Media.
See also
Abresch–Gromoll inequality
Rational homotopy theory
Splitting theorem
Soul theorem
References
External links
1938 births
2008 deaths
Differential geometers
20th-century German mathematicians
People from Göttingen (district)
University of Bonn alumni
Stony Brook University faculty
Emigrants from West Germany to the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko.%20Si.%20Mani | Ko.Si. Mani (13 September 1929 – 2 December 2016) was an Indian politician who was the minister for co-operation, statistics and ex-servicemen in the Tamil Nadu state of India between 2006 and 2011 Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) regime. He was instrumental in developing kumbakonam fisheries market and darasuram vegetable market.
Personal life
Mani was born on 13 September 1929 in Mekkirimangalam. He received school education till 9th standard. He had a son named Mathialagan and daughters named Indraani, Manimegalai and Pushpa. Pushpa died on 29 June 2008.
Mani died on 2 December 2016.
Political career
Mani was one of the long-standing members of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. He was elected to the legislative assembly five times and legislative council twice. He was also the first DMK MLA to be elected in Kumbakonam, since that region has been dominated by Congress leaders until 1989.
He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly from Kumbakonam constituency as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate in 1989, 1996, 2001 and 2006 elections.
Corruption Charges
During Jayalalitha's rule in Tamil Nadu, Directorate of Vigilance and Anti-Corruption filed charges against him on 20 May 2003 in connection with disproportionate accumulation of wealth during his tenure as a Local Administration Minister in the previous assembly. The Directorate registered a case against Mani and his second wife under Section 13 (1) (e) read with 13 (2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act and Section 109 IPC.
Tamaraikani attack
Mani was accused along with The Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam general secretary, Vaiko and the Communist Party of India leader, K. Idumbaiyan, in a case of alleged assault on R. Thamaraikani, the then AIADMK leader, during an election campaign at Siddharkadu on 19 May 1984 and later acquitted
References
External links
Official website
1929 births
2016 deaths
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians
State cabinet ministers of Tamil Nadu
People from Thanjavur district
Tamil Nadu MLAs 1996–2001
Tamil Nadu MLAs 2001–2006
Tamil Nadu MLAs 2006–2011 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20Arthur%20Seebach%20Jr. | J. Arthur Seebach Jr (May 17, 1938 – December 3, 1996) was an American mathematician.
Seebach studied Greek language as an undergraduate, making it a second major with mathematics.
Seebach studied with A. I. Weinzweig at Northwestern University. He earned a Ph.D. with the thesis Cones and Homotopy in Categories. Seebach began to teach at Saint Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota in 1965. He, his wife Linda A. Seebach, and Lynn A. Steen wrote an expository article "What is a Sheaf". The paper showed that a sheaf is useful in analysis, algebra, and geometry when considering germs of holomorphic functions, local rings, and differential forms. J. Arthur also wrote "Injectives and Homotopy".
In 1971 Seebach and Steen took over the Book Reviews section of American Mathematical Monthly, including Telegraphic Reviews which ran for several pages every month. The massive effort was eventually distributed over some 50 mathematicians at Saint Olaf, Carleton, and Macalester Colleges. Telegraphic Reviews, in telegraphic style, was started by Kenneth O. May in 1965 and provided an American posting of new publications before the digital age.
Seebach and Steen conducted research in a 1967 summer school with students investigating the independence of conditions on topological spaces. They summarized their work in Counterexamples in Topology (1978).
In 1975 Seebach and Steen became co-editors of Mathematics Magazine. Steen wrote:
Arthur’s sense of whimsy, his love of puns, and his proclivity for obscure connections totally transformed the image of Mathematics Magazine. Cover art, viewed as radical at the time, has since been emulated...
Seebach welcomed the rise of computers when he assembled a Heathkit H8.
In 1986 he became editor of Mathematical Notes in American Mathematical Monthly.
Beyond mathematics, Seebach sang with the Bach Society of Minnesota. The craftsmanship of the Studebaker automobile appealed to Seebach and he operated a side-business in Studebaker parts, driving some, and publishing a newsletter for fellow aficionados of the car. His newsletter experience was of value to Mathematical Association of America when they began their own newsletter.
Seebach died in 1996 from complications of diabetes.
References
Lynn Arthur Steen (1997) "In Memoriam: J. Arthur Seebach Jr.", Mathematics Magazine 70: 78–79.
External links
1938 births
1996 deaths
20th-century American mathematicians
20th-century American educators
St. Olaf College faculty
Northwestern University alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple%20zeta%20function | In mathematics, the multiple zeta functions are generalizations of the Riemann zeta function, defined by
and converge when Re(s1) + ... + Re(si) > i for all i. Like the Riemann zeta function, the multiple zeta functions can be analytically continued to be meromorphic functions (see, for example, Zhao (1999)). When s1, ..., sk are all positive integers (with s1 > 1) these sums are often called multiple zeta values (MZVs) or Euler sums. These values can also be regarded as special values of the multiple polylogarithms.
The k in the above definition is named the "depth" of a MZV, and the n = s1 + ... + sk is known as the "weight".
The standard shorthand for writing multiple zeta functions is to place repeating strings of the argument within braces and use a superscript to indicate the number of repetitions. For example,
Definition
Multiple zeta functions arise as special cases of the multiple polylogarithms
which are generalizations of the polylogarithm functions. When all of the are nth roots of unity and the are all nonnegative integers, the values of the multiple polylogarithm are called colored multiple zeta values of level . In particular, when , they are called Euler sums or alternating multiple zeta values, and when they are simply called multiple zeta values. Multiple zeta values are often written
and Euler sums are written
where . Sometimes, authors will write a bar over an corresponding to an equal to , so for example
.
Integral structure and identities
It was noticed by Kontsevich that it is possible to express colored multiple zeta values (and thus their special cases) as certain multivariable integrals. This result is often stated with the use of a convention for iterated integrals, wherein
Using this convention, the result can be stated as follows:
where for .
This result is extremely useful due to a well-known result regarding products of iterated integrals, namely that
where and is the symmetric group on symbols.
To utilize this in the context of multiple zeta values, define , to be the free monoid generated by and to be the free -vector space generated by . can be equipped with the shuffle product, turning it into an algebra. Then, the multiple zeta function can be viewed as an evaluation map, where we identify , , and define
for any ,
which, by the aforementioned integral identity, makes
Then, the integral identity on products gives
Two parameters case
In the particular case of only two parameters we have (with s > 1 and n, m integers):
where are the generalized harmonic numbers.
Multiple zeta functions are known to satisfy what is known as MZV duality, the simplest case of which is the famous identity of Euler:
where Hn are the harmonic numbers.
Special values of double zeta functions, with s > 0 and even, t > 1 and odd, but s+t = 2N+1 (taking if necessary ζ(0) = 0):
Note that if we have irreducibles, i.e. these MZVs cannot be written as function of only.
Three parameters case
In t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Anton%20Bjerknes | Carl Anton Bjerknes ( , ; 24 October 1825 – 20 March 1903) was a Norwegian mathematician and physicist. Bjerknes' earlier work was in pure mathematics, but he is principally known for his studies in hydrodynamics.
Biography
Carl Anton Bjerknes was born in Oslo, Norway. His father was Abraham Isaksen Bjerknes and his mother Elen Birgitte Holmen. Bjerknes studied mining at the University of Oslo, and after that mathematics at the University of Göttingen and the University of Paris. In 1866 he held a chair for applied mathematics and in 1869 for mathematics. Over a fifty-year time period, Bjerknes taught mathematics at the University of Oslo and at the military college.
A pupil of Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, Gabriel Lamé and Augustin-Louis Cauchy Bjerknes worked for the rest of his life in the field of hydrodynamics. He tried to explain the electrodynamics of James Clerk Maxwell by hydrodynamical analogies and similarly he proposed a mechanical explanation of gravitation. Although he did not succeed in his attempts to explain all those things, his findings in the field of hydrodynamics were important. His experiments were shown at the first International Exposition of Electricity in Paris that ran from August 15, 1881 through to November 15, 1881 at the Palais de l'Industrie on the Champs-Élysées and at the Scandinavian naturalist meeting in Stockholm.
John Charles Fields the founder of the Fields Medal for outstanding achievement in mathematics had this to say about the great minds that Norway had produced since it gained independence:
International Exposition of Electricity
(W)hen at the 1881 Paris International Electric Exhibition, he (Carl Anton) and his son (Vilhelm Bjerknes), demonstrated instruments that reproduced hydrodynamic analogies, few observers could ignore these baffling phenomena. Such celebrities as Hermann von Helmholtz, Gustav Kirchhoff, William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), the Siemens brothers, and the Marquis of Salisbury visited the small Norwegian exhibit booth and watched with amazement as a system of pulsating spheres and similar devices appeared to reproduce well-known electric and magnetic phenomena. For many observers the Bjerknes apparatus seemed to illustrate that the mysterious nature of electricity could perhaps be revealed. British observers allegedly exclaimed, "Maxwell should have seen this!" Of the eleven diplômes d'honneur, seven went to non-French exhibitors, including Werner Siemens, Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell and William Thomson. Professor Carl Anton Bjerknes, representing Norway, joined their ranks.
Family
On June 30, 1859, after returning from his foreign travels, Bjerknes married Wilhelmine Dorothea Koren (10.11.1837–21.10.1923) whose father was a minister in the Church in West Norway. His son Norwegian physicist and meteorologist, Vilhelm Bjerknes continued the work of his father.
Death
Bjerknes died suddenly of a stroke on 20 March 1903 at the age of 77.
Selected works
Niels Henrik Abel |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof%20without%20words | In mathematics, a proof without words (or visual proof) is an illustration of an identity or mathematical statement which can be demonstrated as self-evident by a diagram without any accompanying explanatory text. Such proofs can be considered more elegant than formal or mathematically rigorous proofs due to their self-evident nature. When the diagram demonstrates a particular case of a general statement, to be a proof, it must be generalisable.
A proof without words is not the same as a mathematical proof, because it omits the details of the logical argument it illustrates. However, it can provide valuable intuitions to the viewer that can help them formulate or better understand a true proof.
Examples
Sum of odd numbers
The statement that the sum of all positive odd numbers up to 2n − 1 is a perfect square—more specifically, the perfect square n2—can be demonstrated by a proof without words.
In one corner of a grid, a single block represents 1, the first square. That can be wrapped on two sides by a strip of three blocks (the next odd number) to make a 2 × 2 block: 4, the second square. Adding a further five blocks makes a 3 × 3 block: 9, the third square. This process can be continued indefinitely.
Pythagorean theorem
The Pythagorean theorem that can be proven without words.
One method of doing so is to visualise a larger square of sides , with four right-angled triangles of sides , and in its corners, such that the space in the middle is a diagonal square with an area of . The four triangles can be rearranged within the larger square to split its unused space into two squares of and .
Jensen's inequality
Jensen's inequality can also be proven graphically. A dashed curve along the X axis is the hypothetical distribution of X, while a dashed curve along the Y axis is the corresponding distribution of Y values. The convex mapping Y(X) increasingly "stretches" the distribution for increasing values of X.
Usage
Mathematics Magazine and the College Mathematics Journal run a regular feature titled "Proof without words" containing, as the title suggests, proofs without words. The Art of Problem Solving and USAMTS websites run Java applets illustrating proofs without words.
Compared to formal proofs
For a proof to be accepted by the mathematical community, it must logically show how the statement it aims to prove follows totally and inevitably from a set of assumptions. A proof without words might imply such an argument, but it does not make one directly, so it cannot take the place of a formal proof where one is required. Rather, mathematicians use proofs without words as illustrations and teaching aids for ideas that have already been proven formally.
See also
Notes
References
.
Articles containing proofs
Mathematical proofs
Visual thinking |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20the%20busiest%20airports%20in%20the%20United%20States | These are lists of the busiest airports in the United States, based on various ranking criteria.
Statistics
Busiest U.S. airports by total passenger boardings
The FAA uses passenger boarding for a full calendar year to determine Airport Improvement Program (AIP) entitlements.
The term hub is used by the FAA to identify very busy commercial service airports. Large hubs are the airports that each account for at least one percent of total U.S. passenger enplanements. Medium hubs are defined as airports that each account for between 0.25 percent and 1 percent of the total passenger enplanements.
The 30 large hubs move 70% of the passengers with a traffic inceasing by 2.5% from 2016 to 2017, while the 31 medium hubs grew by 5.2% and 16 airports lost airline services between 2014 and 2018, from 445 to 429.
Mainline carriers are up-gauging their fleet while scope clauses regional aircraft operations and turboprops and 50-seat regional jets are abandoned: aircraft with 50 seats or fewer represented 30% of domestic departures and 12% of seats offered in 2014, falling to 19% in 2018 and 7% of seats.
Accounting for 18% of passenger traffic, medium hubs stimulate point-to-point services like for Southwest Airlines, operating at 29, carrying most mainline passengers at 24 and more than half at 10.
Large hubs
Medium hubs
Busiest U.S. airports by total passenger traffic
List of busiest airports in the U.S. based on total passengers, data are based on numbers provided from annual or monthly published figures by own airport authorities.
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2016
Listed according to data compiled by Airports Council International North America, and ranked according to total passengers during 2016.
All 36 airports on this list are also featured on the FAA list, but the order varies. The FAA ranks by passengers boarding. ACI ranks by sum of boarding, disembarking, and flying through without leaving airplane. The statistics are slightly more than twice as high.
Busiest U.S. airports by international passenger traffic
Busiest U.S. airports by total cargo throughput
Listed according to data compiled by the Federal Aviation Administration for the United States and ranked according to total cargo throughput in pounds during 2017.
See also
List of airports in the United States
List of the busiest airports in California
List of busiest airports by passenger traffic
References
External links
United States Department of Transportation:
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA): National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) 2005-2009
FAA National Flight Data Center (NFDC): Airport Data (Form 5010), also available from AirportIQ 5010
Busiest
United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypograph%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, the hypograph or subgraph of a function is the set of points lying on or below its graph.
A related definition is that of such a function's epigraph, which is the set of points on or above the function's graph.
The domain (rather than the codomain) of the function is not particularly important for this definition; it can be an arbitrary set instead of .
Definition
The definition of the hypograph was inspired by that of the graph of a function, where the of is defined to be the set
The or of a function valued in the extended real numbers is the set
Similarly, the set of points on or above the function is its epigraph.
The is the hypograph with the graph removed:
Despite the fact that might take one (or both) of as a value (in which case its graph would be a subset of ), the hypograph of is nevertheless defined to be a subset of rather than of
Properties
The hypograph of a function is empty if and only if is identically equal to negative infinity.
A function is concave if and only if its hypograph is a convex set. The hypograph of a real affine function is a halfspace in
A function is upper semicontinuous if and only if its hypograph is closed.
See also
Citations
References
Mathematical analysis
Convex analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salim%2C%20Nablus | Salim () is a Palestinian town in the northern West Bank, located six kilometers east of Nablus and is a part of the Nablus Governorate. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), Salim had a population of 6,266 inhabitants in 2017.
Location
Salim is located east of Nablus. It is bordered by Beit Dajan to the east, Deir al Hatab to the north and west, Beit Dajan and Beit Furik to the south.
History
The village is ancient with foundations of houses. The village has been populated in Early Bronze I, Iron Age II, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Umayyad and Crusader/Ayyubid eras. In 1882, traces of ruins, cisterns, a ruined tank, and a cemetery of rock-cut tombs were noted.
Salim dates back to the Middle Bronze Age. It was near the ancient Canaanite and later Israelite town of Shechem.
According to Samaritan tradition, Salim was founded by the biblical figure of Jared son of Mahalalel, and this is where 4th-century High Priest Baba Rabba built his sixth synagogue. Samaritan texts refer to the place as "Shalem Rabbta", and mention that Samaritan High Priests live there. It is also mentioned in the Samaritan Continuatio of the Samaritan Chronicle of Abu l-Fath.
Ottoman era
In 1517, Salim was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine. In 1596, it appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Jabal Qubal of the Liwa of Nablus. It had a population of 42 households, all Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax-rate of 33,3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olives, and goats or beehives, and for a press for olives or grapes; a total of 10,432 akçe.
In 1838, Robinson noted Salim as a village in the same area as the villages Azmut and Deir al-Hatab, all were part of the El-Beitawy district, east of Nablus.
In May, 1870, Guérin came to the village, after walking through fields of olives, figs and almond trees. He found a village with a maximum of 200 people, in ancient houses. A dozen cisterns in the village were dry, so the women had to fetch water from a stream, called Ain Salim, about 1 kilometre north-northwest of the village.
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Salim as a small village, but evidently ancient, surrounded by olive-trees and with two springs to the north.
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Salem had a population of 423, all Muslims, while in the 1931 census, Salim, including El Hamra, had 100 occupied houses and a population of 490, again all Muslim.
In the 1945 statistics Salim had a population of 660, all Muslims, with 10,293 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 229 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 5,158 used for cereals, while 24 dunams were built-up land.
Jordanian era
During the 1948 war the area was held by units from the Iraqi Army. In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War Salim |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group%20isomorphism%20problem | In abstract algebra, the group isomorphism problem is the decision problem of determining whether two given finite group presentations refer to isomorphic groups.
The isomorphism problem was formulated by Max Dehn, and together with the word problem and conjugacy problem, is one of three fundamental decision problems in group theory he identified in 1911. All three problems are undecidable: there does not exist a computer algorithm that correctly solves every instance of the isomorphism problem, or of the other two problems, regardless of how much time is allowed for the algorithm to run. In fact the problem of deciding whether a group is trivial is undecidable, a consequence of the Adian–Rabin theorem due to Sergei Adian and Michael O. Rabin.
References
Group theory
Undecidable problems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongyi%20County | Chongyi County () is a county under the jurisdiction of Ganzhou Municipality, in the southwest of Jiangxi province, China.
Statistics
Chongyi has an area of and population of 200,000.
Administration
The county executive, legislature, judiciary are at Hengshui Town (), together with the CPC and PSB branches.
Chongyi County is divided to 5 towns and 10 townships.
5 Towns
10 Townships
Economy
Mining of uranium is carried out in the region.
Climate
References
External links
Brief Introduction of Chongyi, Chongyi Government website, (Chinese)
Ganzhou
County-level divisions of Jiangxi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetramethylammonium%20pentafluoroxenate | Tetramethylammonium pentafluoroxenate is the chemical compound with the formula N(CH3)4XeF5. The ion it contains was the first example of a pentagonal planar molecular geometry AX5E2 species. It was prepared by the reaction of N(CH3)4F with xenon tetrafluoride, N(CH3)4F being chosen because it can be prepared in anhydrous form and is readily soluble in organic solvents. The anion is planar, with the fluorine atoms in a slightly distorted pentagonal coordination (Xe–F bond lengths 197.9–203.4 pm, and F–X–F bond angles 71.5°–72.3°). Other salts have been prepared with sodium, cesium and rubidium, and vibrational spectra show that these contain the same planar ion. The isolated anion has the point group of D5h.
References
Fluoro complexes
Xenon(IV) compounds
Tetramethylammonium salts |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit%20Amin | Beit Amin () is a Palestinian village in the Qalqilya Governorate in the western West Bank, located south of Qalqilya. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the village had a population of 1,279 inhabitants in 2017.
Location
Beit Amin is located 8.35km south-east of Qalqiliya. It is bordered by Sanniriya to the east, Al Mudawwar and ‘Izbat al Ashqar to the south, ‘Izbat Salman to the west, and ‘Azzun ‘Atma to the north.
History
In 1882 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine noted Khurbet Beit Yemin (under "Archæology"): "Walls, cisterns and rock-cut tomb."
British Mandate
The village passed to British control they defeated the Ottoman Empire in World War 1. The village was administered under the British Mandate for Palestine until 1948.
Jordanian Era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Beit Amin came under Jordanian rule.
Post-1967
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Beit Amin has been under Israeli occupation.
After the 1995 accords, about 29.2% of village land was classified as Area B, the remainding 70.8% as Area C. Israel has confiscated land from Beit Amin, ‘Azzun ‘Atma and Mas-ha in order to construct the Israeli settlement of Shi'ar Tikvah. In addition, the Israeli West Bank barrier will isolate some of Beit Amins village land behind the wall.
References
Bibliography
External links
Welcome to Beit Amin
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 14: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Beit Amin village (fact sheet), Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem, ARIJ
Beit Amin village profile, ARIJ
Beit Amin, aerial photo, ARIJ
Development Priorities and Needs in Beit Amin, ARIJ
Subterranean Wells of Jayyus and Beit Amin villages in Qalqiliya governorate-swamped with waste dumped by Israeli settlers 12, February, 2007, ARIJ
Qalqilya Governorate
Villages in the West Bank
Municipalities of the State of Palestine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinship%20%28disambiguation%29 | Kinship is a relationship between any entities that share a genealogical origin, through either biological, cultural, or historical descent.
Kinship may also refer to:
Kinship (number theory), an unsolved problem in mathematics
Kinship (TV series), a Singaporean Chinese drama
Bloodline (1963 film), a/k/a Kinship, a Korean drama film directed by Kim Soo-yong
Kinship (2019 film), a Canadian short drama film directed by Jorge Camarotti
See also
Kinsman (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafr%20Rumman | Kafr Rumman () is a Palestinian town in the Tulkarm Governorate in the eastern West Bank, located 11 kilometers East of Tulkarm. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Kafr Rumman had a population of approximately 869 inhabitants in mid-year 2007.
History
Potsherd from the Middle Bronze Age IIB, Iron Age II, Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and early Muslim eras have been found here.
Ottoman era
Kafr Rumman, like all of Palestine was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517. In the 1596 tax registers, it was part of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Jabal Sami, part of the larger Sanjak of Nablus. It had a population of 20 households, all Muslims. The inhabitants paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues and a press for olive oil or grape syrup, and a fixed tax for people of Nablus area; a total of 3,022 akçe.
The old core of the village is presumed to have been built in the 16th-17th century CE, and contains high, fortified buildings.
In 1838 Kefr Rumman was placed in the Wady esh-Sha'ir administrative region, west of Nablus.
In 1870 Victor Guérin noted it from nearby Ramin.
In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya (sub-district) of Wadi al-Sha'ir.
In 1882 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Kefr Rumman as: "a small hamlet on the side of the mountain, with a well to the north and olives."
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Kufr Rumman had a population of 161 Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to 189 Muslims, in 48 houses.
In the 1945 statistics the population of Kafr Rumman was 270 Muslims, with 3,933 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 625 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 352 were used for cereals, while 5 dunams were built-up (urban) land.
Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Kafr Rumman came under Jordanian rule.
In 1961, the population was 466.
Post 1967
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Kafr Rumman has been under Israeli occupation.
References
Bibliography
External links
Welcome To Kafr Rumman
Kafr Rumman, Welcome to Palestine
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 11: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Towns in the West Bank
Municipalities of the State of Palestine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafr%20Sur | Kafr Sur () is a Palestinian town in the Tulkarm Governorate in the eastern West Bank, located 12 kilometers Southeast of Tulkarm. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Kafr Sur had a population of approximately 1,254 inhabitants in mid-year 2006 and 1,288 by 2017. 13.5% of the population of Kafr Sur were refugees in 1997.
History
Ceramics from the Byzantine era have been found here.
Ottoman era
Al-Ras was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in
a sijill (royal order) from 941/1535 an unspecified share of the village revenue was given to the waqf for Ribat al-Mansuri (com) in Jerusalem.
In 1596 the village appeared in the tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Bani Sa'b of the Liwa of Nablus. It had a population of 22 households, all Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax-rate of 33,3% on various agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and/or beehives in addition to occasional revenues, a press for olive oil or grape syrup, and a fixed tax for people of Nablus area; a total of 6,100 akçe.
In 1838, Robinson noted Kefr Sur as a village in Beni Sa'ab district, west of Nablus.
In the 1860s, the Ottoman authorities granted the village an agricultural plot of land called Ghabat Kafr Sur in the former confines of the Forest of Arsur (Ar. Al-Ghaba) in the coastal plain, west of the village. During this British Mandate period, this territory developed into a village called Ghabat Kafr Sur.
In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village with 139 Household in the nahiya (sub-district) of Bani Sa'b.
In 1882 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Kefr Sur as: "A small stone village on a knoll, supplied by cisterns."
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Kufr Sur had a population of 271 Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to 559; 553 Muslims and 6 Christians, living in 128 houses. The 1931 numbers included the Bayarat Hannoun and the Arab el Balawin.
In the 1945 statistics the population of Kafr Sur was 460; 450 Muslims and 10 Christians, with 10,926 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 878 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 2,644 were used for cereals, while 14 dunams were built-up (urban) land.
Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Kafr Sur came under Jordanian rule.
In 1961, the population of Kafr Sur was 656.
Post 1967
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Kafr Sur has been under Israeli occupation.
References
Bibliography
External links
Welcome To Kafr Sur
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 11: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Villages in the West Bank
Municipalities of the State of Palestine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seida%2C%20Tulkarm | Seida () is a Palestinian town in the Tulkarm Governorate in the eastern West Bank, located 20 kilometers northeast of Tulkarm. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Seida had a population of 3,777 inhabitants in 2017.
History
Ceramics from the Iron Age II, Hellenistic, early and late Roman, Byzantine, early Muslim and the Middle Ages have been found here.
In 1179, during the Crusader era, it appeared as an estate, sold to the Zion Monastery in Jerusalem.
In 1265, Seida was one of the estates given by Sultan Baibars to his followers after his victory over the Crusaders, with the whole of Seida given to emir Husam al-Din Itamish b. Utlis Khan.
Ottoman era
In 1517, Seida, like all of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire. In the 1596 tax registers, it was part of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Jabal Sami, part of the larger Sanjak of Nablus. It had a population of 70 households and 2 bachelors, all Muslims. The inhabitants paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues and a fixed tax for people of Nablus area; a total of 12,160 akçe. All of the revenue went to a Waqf.
In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya (sub-district) of al-Sha'rawiyya al-Sharqiyya.
In the 1882 PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP), Saida is described as: "a small village, with a well on the east on the back of a long and bare ridge."
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Saida had a population of 252 Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to 351 Muslims, living in 75 houses.
In the 1945 statistics the population of Seida was 450 Muslims, with 5,060 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 1,622 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 1,113 were used for cereals, while 11 dunams were built-up (urban) land.
Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Seida came under Jordanian rule.
In 1961, the population was 808.
Post 1967
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Seida has been under Israeli occupation.
Notable people
Abelhaleem Hasan Abdelraziq Ashqar
References
Bibliography
External links
Welcome To Seida
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 11: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Villages in the West Bank
Municipalities of the State of Palestine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic%20%28mathematics%29 | There are many terms in mathematics that begin with cyclic:
Cyclic chain rule, for derivatives, used in thermodynamics
Cyclic code, linear codes closed under cyclic permutations
Cyclic convolution, a method of combining periodic functions
Cycle decomposition (graph theory)
Cycle decomposition (group theory)
Cyclic extension, a field extension with cyclic Galois group
Graph theory:
Cyclic function, a periodic function
Cycle graph, a connected, 2-regular graph
Cycle graph (algebra), a diagram representing the cycles determined by taking powers of group elements
Circulant graph, a graph with cyclic symmetry
Cycle (graph theory), a nontrivial path in some graph from a node to itself
Cyclic graph, a graph containing at least one graph cycle
Cyclic group, a group generated by a single element
Cyclic homology, an approximation of K-theory used in non-commutative differential geometry
Cyclic module, a module generated by a single element
Cyclic notation, a way of writing permutations
Cyclic number, a number such that cyclic permutations of the digits are successive multiples of the number
Cyclic order, a ternary relation defining a way to arrange a set of objects in a circle
Cyclic permutation, a permutation with one nontrivial orbit
Cyclic polygon, a polygon which can be given a circumscribed circle
Cyclic shift, also known as circular shift
Cyclic symmetry, n-fold rotational symmetry of 3-dimensional space
See also
Cycle (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogenous | Monogenous in mathematics may refer to:
A synonym for cyclic in
monogenous group, a synonym for cyclic group
monogenous module, a synonym for cyclic module
See also
Monogenic (disambiguation)
Monogenetic (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogenic%20field | In mathematics, a monogenic field is an algebraic number field K for which there exists an element a such that the ring of integers OK is the subring Z[a] of K generated by a. Then OK is a quotient of the polynomial ring Z[X] and the powers of a constitute a power integral basis.
In a monogenic field K, the field discriminant of K is equal to the discriminant of the minimal polynomial of α.
Examples
Examples of monogenic fields include:
Quadratic fields:
if with a square-free integer, then where if d ≡ 1 (mod 4) and if d ≡ 2 or 3 (mod 4).
Cyclotomic fields:
if with a root of unity, then Also the maximal real subfield is monogenic, with ring of integers .
While all quadratic fields are monogenic, already among cubic fields there are many that are not monogenic. The first example of a non-monogenic number field that was found is the cubic field generated by a root of the polynomial , due to Richard Dedekind.
References
Algebraic number theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qabalan | Qabalan () is a Palestinian town in the Nablus Governorate in the eastern West Bank, located southeast of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the town had a population of 8,195 inhabitants in 2017.
Location
Qabalan is located south of Nablus. It is bordered by Aqraba and Jurish to the east, Talfit and As Sawiya to the south, As Sawiya and Yatma to the west, and Beita and Osarin to the north.
History
Potsherds from the Iron Age I and Iron Age II have been found here.
The SWP noted that: "the ruin to the east [of the village] consists of heaps of stones".
Ottoman era
In 1517, the village was included in the Ottoman empire with the rest of Palestine, and it appeared in the 1596 tax-records as Qabalan, located in the Nahiya of Jabal Qubal of the Liwa of Nablus. The population was 4 households, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, olive trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues and a fixed tax for people of Nablus area; a total of 2,410 akçe. Sherds from the early Ottoman era have also been found here.
In 1838 Edward Robinson noted Kubalan on the south side of the valley, "surrounded by vineyards and large groves of olive and fig trees." It was located in El-Beitawy district, east of Nablus.
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Kubalan as: "a village of moderate size, on high ground, with olives round it, and wells."
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Qabalan had a population of 771 Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to 936 Muslims, in 207 houses.
In the 1945 statistics Qabalan had a population of 1,310, all Muslims, with 8,290 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 3,948 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 2,383 were used for cereals, while 72 dunams were built-up land.
Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Qabalan came under Jordanian rule.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 1,867 inhabitants.
1967, aftermath
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Qabalan has been under Israeli occupation along with the rest of the Palestinian territories.
After the 1995 accords, 67% of the village land is in Area B, while the remaining 33% is in Area C. There have been a number of attacks on the people of Qabalan, their land and property from the nearby Israeli settlements.
References
Bibliography
External links
http://qabalan.org
Welcome to Qabalan
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 14: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Qabalan town profile, Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem (ARIJ)
Qabalan, aerial photo, ARIJ
Development Priorities and Needs in Qabalan, ARIJ
Towns in the West Bank
Municipalities of the State of Palestine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asira%20al-Qibliya | ’Asira al-Qibliya () is a Palestinian village in the Nablus Governorate in the eastern West Bank, located southwest of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the village had a population of 2,935 inhabitants in 2017.
Location
‘Asira al Qibliya is located south of Nablus. It is bordered by Madama and Burin to the east, Tell and Madama to the north, Tell and Zeita Jamma'in to the west, and Jamma'in and Urif to the south.
History
Asira al-Qibliya is situated on an ancient site on low ground. Carved stones have been reused in village houses and agricultural terraces. Rock-cut cisterns have also been found, together with Byzantine ceramics.
Ottoman era
The village was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers under the name of 'Asirah, as being in the nahiya of Jabal Qubal, part of Sanjak Nablus. It had a population of 33 households and 6 bachelors, all Muslim. The inhabitants of the village paid fixed tax rate of 33.3% on wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, and goats and/or beehives; a total of 5,700 akçe.
In 1838, ‘Asira was located in the District of Jurat 'Amra, south of Nablus.
Victor Guérin visited the village (which he called A'sirah) in 1870, and he estimated it had three hundred inhabitants. He further noted that the medhafeh, or guest-house, was situated on the highest ground in the village.
In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya (sub-district) of Jamma'in al-Thani, subordinate to Nablus.
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Asiret al Kibliyeh as a village of moderate size on low ground, with a well to the south-east.
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, ‘Asira al-Qebliyeh had a population of 282 Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to 326, still all Muslim, in 84 houses.
In the 1945 statistics the population was 410, all Muslims, with 6,437 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 345 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 2,963 were used for cereals, while 57 dunams were built-up (urban) land.
Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Asira al-Qibliya came under Jordanian rule.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 718 inhabitants.
Post-1967
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Asira al-Qibliya has been under Israeli occupation.
After the 1995 accords, 72% of village land was classified as Area B, the remaining 28% as Area C. Israel has confiscated 495 dunams of land from Asira al-Qibliya in order to construct the Israeli settlement of Yitzhar.
Settler violence
Settler violence is a cause for concern. Settlers from the nearby Yitzhar also continue to enter the villages farmlands. From 2008 to 2011, there were numerous reported cases of both violence and arson in the village. As of 2012, Asira |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Principles%20of%20Mathematics | The Principles of Mathematics (PoM) is a 1903 book by Bertrand Russell, in which the author presented his famous paradox and argued his thesis that mathematics and logic are identical.
The book presents a view of the foundations of mathematics and Meinongianism and has become a classic reference. It reported on developments by Giuseppe Peano, Mario Pieri, Richard Dedekind, Georg Cantor, and others.
In 1905 Louis Couturat published a partial French translation that expanded the book's readership. In 1937 Russell prepared a new introduction saying, "Such interest as the book now possesses is historical, and consists in the fact that it represents a certain stage in the development of its subject." Further editions were published in 1938, 1951, 1996, and 2009.
Contents
The Principles of Mathematics consists of 59 chapters divided into seven parts: indefinables in mathematics, number, quantity, order, infinity and continuity, space, matter and motion.
In chapter one, "Definition of Pure Mathematics", Russell asserts that :
The fact that all Mathematics is Symbolic Logic is one of the greatest discoveries of our age; and when this fact has been established, the remainder of the principles of mathematics consists in the analysis of Symbolic Logic itself.
Russell deconstructs pure mathematics with relations, by positing them, their converses and complements as primitive notions. Combining the calculus of relations of DeMorgan, Pierce and Schroder, with the symbolic logic of Peano, he analyses orders using serial relations, and writes that the theorems of measurement have been generalized to order theory. He notes that Peano distinguished a term from the set containing it: the set membership relation versus subset. Epsilon (ε) is used to show set membership, but Russell indicates trouble when Russell's paradox is mentioned 15 times and chapter 10 "The Contradiction" explains it. Russell had written previously on foundations of geometry, denoting, and relativism of space and time, so those topics are recounted. Elliptic geometry according to Clifford, and the Cayley-Klein metric are mentioned to illustrate non-Euclidean geometry. There is an anticipation of relativity physics in the final part as the last three chapters consider Newton's laws of motion, absolute and relative motion, and Hertz's dynamics. However, Russell rejects what he calls "the relational theory", and says on page 489 :
For us, since absolute space and time have been admitted, there is no need to avoid absolute motion, and indeed no possibility of doing so.
In his review, G. H. Hardy says "Mr. Russell is a firm believer in absolute position in space and time, a view as much out of fashion nowadays that Chapter [58: Absolute and Relative Motion] will be read with peculiar interest."
Early reviews
Reviews were prepared by G. E. Moore and Charles Sanders Peirce, but Moore's was never published and that of Peirce was brief and somewhat dismissive. He indicated that he thought |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azmut | ’Azmut () is a Palestinian village in the Nablus Governorate in the eastern West Bank, located five kilometers northeast of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the village had a population of 3,440 inhabitants in 2017.
Location
‘Azmut is located east of Nablus. It is bordered by Deir al Hatab and Al Aqrabaniya to the east, Al Bahdan to the north, ‘Asira ash Shamaliya and Nablus to the west, and Deir al Hatab to the south.
History
One pottery sherd has been found from each of the Hellenistic and early Roman eras. Much more pottery has been found from the late Roman
and Byzantine eras.
Ottoman era
Incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with the rest of Palestine, in 1596 the village appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the nahiya of Jabal Qubal in the liwa of Nablus. It had a population of 18 households and 2 bachelors, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33.3 % on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues and a press for olive oil or syrup - a total of 4,000 akçe.
In 1838, Edward Robinson noted Azmut as a village in the same area as Salim and Deir al-Hatab. All were Muslim villages, part of the El-Beitawy district, east of Nablus.
In 1870, Victor Guérin visited, after visiting Deir al-Hatab. About Azmut, he noted that it was: "a small village a little less in ruin the previous one. It must have succeeded also to an ancient locality, as is proved by a number of cisterns cut out from the rock, most of them without water, but one of which, among others, still serves the needs of the inhabitants. Two oualys are devoted to two different sheikhs."
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Azmut as a "small village, standing on the slope of the hill, with cliffs on the west."
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Azmut had a population of 283 Muslims, increasing at the time of the 1931 census to 307, still all Muslim, in 70 houses.
In the 1945 statistics, Azmut had a population of 410, all Muslims, with 10,748 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 343 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 3,259 were used for cereals, while 23 dunams were built-up land.
Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Azmut came under Jordanian rule.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 615 inhabitants.
1967, aftermath
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Azmut has been under Israeli occupation along with the rest of the Palestinian territories.
After the 1995 accords, 59% of village land is defined as Area B, the remaining 41% is defined as Area C. The Israelis have confiscated hundreds of dunams of land from Azmut, primarily to construct military bases, in addition to 639 dunums of Azmuts land which went to construct the Israeli settlement of Elon M |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit%20Dajan%2C%20Nablus | Beit Dajan () is a Palestinian village in the Nablus Governorate in the north central West Bank, located east of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of approximately 4,460 in 2017.
Location
Beit Dajan is located east of Nablus. It is bordered by Furush Beit Dajan to the east, Al Aqrabaniya to the north, Deir al Hatab and Salim to the west, and Beit Furik to the south.
History
Pottery sherds from Iron Age I (12-11th centuries BCE), Iron Age II, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine eras have been found here.
It has been suggested that this was the place named Dagon, inhabited by Samaritans in the 7th century CE.
According to Tsvi Misinai, male circumcision is performed on the seventh day of birth, following the Jewish and Samaritan traditions, rather than the Muslim custom.
Sherds from the Crusader/Ayyubid periods have also been found here.
Ottoman era
In 1517, Beit Dajan was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine. In 1596, it appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Jabal Qubal, part of the Sanjak of Nablus. It had a population of 53 households, all Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax-rate of 33,3 % on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olives, and goats or beehives, and for a press for olives or grapes; a total of 10,292 akçe. All of the revenue went to a waqf. Pottery sherds from the early Ottoman era have also been found here.
In 1838, Beit Dejan was noted in the El-Beitawy district, east of Nablus.
In 1850-51 it was called a "considerable" village, while in 1870, Victor Guérin found it to have 400 inhabitants. Guérin also noted a small and ancient mosque, and a number of cisterns hollowed out of rock, which still served the needs of the villagers.
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Beit Dajan as: "A small village, evidently an ancient site, with rock-cut tombs and wells to the east. It stands at the eastern end of the plain which runs below Salim. This place, like Azmut, is surrounded with olive-trees." They further noted: "The ruin on the east is a watch-tower, apparently ancient; near the village are cisterns and heaps of stones, and rock-cut tombs."
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Bait Dajan had a population of 487; all Muslims, increasing slightly in the 1931 census to 548 Muslims, in a total of 118 houses.
In the 1945 statistics, the population (including Beit Dajan Jiflik and Khirbat Furush) was 750, all Muslims, with a total of 44,076 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 6 dunams were for citrus and bananas, 2,789 for plantations or irrigated land, 17,625 for cereals, while 48 dunams were built-up land.
Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War Beit Dajan came under Jordanian rule.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 926 inhabitants in Beit Dajan.
1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit%20Hasan | Beit Hasan () is a Palestinian village in the Nablus Governorate in the North central West Bank, located 14 kilometers east of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the village had a population of 1,599 inhabitants in 2017.
References
External links
Welcome To Bayt Hasan
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 12: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Beit Hasan Village profile, Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem (ARIJ)
Beit Hasan, aerial photo, ARIJ
Development Priorities and Needs in Beit Hasan, ARIJ
Nablus Governorate
Villages in the West Bank
Municipalities of the State of Palestine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit%20Iba | Beit Iba () is a Palestinian village in the Nablus Governorate in the North central West Bank, located 7 kilometers northwest of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the village had a population of 4,079 inhabitants in 2017.
Location
Beit Iba is located west of Nablus. It is bordered by Nablus and Beit Wazan to the east, An-Naqura and Zawata to the north, Deir Sharaf and Qusin to the west, and Sarra and Beit Wazan to the south.
History
Ceramics from the Byzantine era have been found here.
Ottoman era
In 1517, the village was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine, and in 1596, Beit Iba appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in nahiya (subdistrict) of Jabal Qubal under the liwa' (district) of Nablus. It had a population of 20 households, all Muslims. They paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and/or beehives, in addition to occasional revenues and a tax on people in the Nablus district; a total of 9,000 akçe. Half to the revenue went to a Waqf.
In 1838, in the Biblical Researches in Palestine, Beit Iba was located in the District of Jurat 'Amra, south of Nablus.
In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village with a population of 64 households in the nahiya (sub-district) of Jamma'in al-Awwal, subordinate to Nablus.
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Beit Iba as: "A village of moderate size in low ground, with olives; it is of mud and stone, with a good spring ('Aines Subian); to the north. The olive groves in the valley are very fine and ancient; here and there is a small mill, and in spring a stream of water.
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Beit Iba had a population of 456; all Muslims, increasing slightly in the 1931 census to 470 Muslims, in a total of 121 houses.
In the 1945 statistics, the population was 630, all Muslims, with 5,063 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 762 dunams were for plantations or irrigated land, 3,368 for cereals, while 41 dunams were built-up land.
Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War Beit Iba came under Jordanian rule.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 1,069 inhabitants in Beit Iba.
1967 and aftermath
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Beit Iba has been under Israeli occupation.
After the 1995 accords, 45% of the village land is defined as being in Area A, 34% is Area B, while the remaining 21% Area C.
References
Bibliography
External links
Welcome To Bayt Iba
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 11: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Beit Iba Village profile, Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem, ARIJ
Beit Iba, aerial photo, ARIJ
Development Priorities and Needs in Beit Iba, ARIJ
Nablus Governorate
Villages in the West Bank
Municipalities of the State of Palestine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choice%20sequence | In intuitionistic mathematics, a choice sequence is a constructive formulation of a sequence. Since the Intuitionistic school of mathematics, as formulated by L. E. J. Brouwer, rejects the idea of a completed infinity, in order to use a sequence (which is, in classical mathematics, an infinite object), we must have a formulation of a finite, constructible object that can serve the same purpose as a sequence. Thus, Brouwer formulated the choice sequence, which is given as a construction, rather than an abstract, infinite object.
Lawlike and lawless sequences
A distinction is made between lawless and lawlike sequences. A lawlike sequence is one that can be described completely—it is a completed construction, that can be fully described. For example, the natural numbers can be thought of as a lawlike sequence: the sequence can be fully constructively described by the unique element 0 and a successor function. Given this formulation, we know that the th element in the sequence of natural numbers will be the number . Similarly, a function mapping from the natural numbers into the natural numbers effectively determines the value for any argument it takes, and thus describes a lawlike sequence.
A lawless (also, free) sequence, on the other hand, is one that is not predetermined. It is to be thought of as a procedure for generating values for the arguments 0, 1, 2, .... That is, a lawless sequence is a procedure for generating , , ... (the elements of the sequence ) such that:
At any given moment of construction of the sequence , only an initial segment of the sequence is known, and no restrictions are placed on the future values of ; and
One may specify, in advance, an initial segment of .
Note that the first point above is slightly misleading, as we may specify, for example, that the values in a sequence be drawn exclusively from the set of natural numbers—we can specify, a priori, the range of the sequence.
The canonical example of a lawless sequence is the series of rolls of a die. We specify which die to use and, optionally, specify in advance the values of the first rolls (for ). Further, we restrict the values of the sequence to be in the set . This specification comprises the procedure for generating the lawless sequence in question. At no point, then, is any particular future value of the sequence known.
Axiomatization
There are two axioms in particular that we expect to hold of choice sequences as described above. Let denote the relation "the sequence begins with the initial sequence " for choice sequence and finite segment (more specifically, will probably be an integer encoding a finite initial sequence).
We expect the following, called the axiom of open data, to hold of all lawless sequences:
where is a one-place predicate. The intuitive justification for this axiom is as follows: in intuitionistic mathematics, verification that holds of the sequence is given as a procedure; at any point of execution of this |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogenic%20semigroup | In mathematics, a monogenic semigroup is a semigroup generated by a single element. Monogenic semigroups are also called cyclic semigroups.
Structure
The monogenic semigroup generated by the singleton set {a} is denoted by . The set of elements of is {a, a2, a3, ...}. There are two possibilities for the monogenic semigroup
am = an ⇒ m = n.
There exist m ≠ n such that am = an.
In the former case is isomorphic to the semigroup ({1, 2, ...}, +) of natural numbers under addition. In such a case, is an infinite monogenic semigroup and the element a is said to have infinite order. It is sometimes called the free monogenic semigroup because it is also a free semigroup with one generator.
In the latter case let m be the smallest positive integer such that am = ax for some positive integer x ≠ m, and let r be smallest positive integer such that am = am+r. The positive integer m is referred to as the index and the positive integer r as the period of the monogenic semigroup . The order of a is defined as m+r−1. The period and the index satisfy the following properties:
am = am+r
am+x = am+y if and only if m + x ≡ m + y (mod r)
= {a, a2, ... , am+r−1}
Ka = {am, am+1, ... , am+r−1} is a cyclic subgroup and also an ideal of . It is called the kernel of a and it is the minimal ideal of the monogenic semigroup .
The pair (m, r) of positive integers determine the structure of monogenic semigroups. For every pair (m, r) of positive integers, there exists a monogenic semigroup having index m and period r. The monogenic semigroup having index m and period r is denoted by M(m, r). The monogenic semigroup M(1, r) is the cyclic group of order r.
The results in this section actually hold for any element a of an arbitrary semigroup and the monogenic subsemigroup it generates.
Related notions
A related notion is that of periodic semigroup (also called torsion semigroup), in which every element has finite order (or, equivalently, in which every mongenic subsemigroup is finite). A more general class is that of quasi-periodic semigroups (aka group-bound semigroups or epigroups) in which every element of the semigroup has a power that lies in a subgroup.
An aperiodic semigroup is one in which every monogenic subsemigroup has a period of 1.
See also
Cycle detection, the problem of finding the parameters of a finite monogenic semigroup using a bounded amount of storage space
Special classes of semigroups
References
Algebraic structures
Semigroup theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafr%20Laqif | Kafr Laqif () is a Palestinian village in the Qalqilya Governorate in the western West Bank, located 22 kilometers southwest of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the village had a population of 1,039 inhabitants in 2017.
Location
Kafr Laqif is located (horizontally) east of Qalqiliya. It is bordered by Hajja to the east, Wadi Qana to the south, ‘Azzun to the west, and Khirbet Sir and Baqat al Hatab to the north.
History
Ceramics from the Byzantine era has been found here.
Ottoman era
Kafr Laqif, like all of Palestine was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the 1596 tax registers, it was part of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Bani Sa'b, part of the larger Sanjak of Nablus. It had a population of 15 households, all Muslims. The inhabitants paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues and a fixed tax for people of Nablus area; a total of 10,740 akçe. 37.5% of the revenue went to a Muslim charitable endowment.
In 1838, Robinson noted Kefr Lakif as a Muslim village in the Beni Sa'ab district, west of Nablus.
In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya (sub-district) of Bani Sa'b.
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Kefr Lekif as resembling Kafr Jammal, that is: "a small stone village on a knoll, with cisterns."
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Kufr Laqef had a population of 95 Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to 141 Muslims, in 27 houses.
In the 1945 statistics the population of Kafr Laqif was 210 Muslims, while the total land area was 2,854 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 477 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 840 for cereals, while 19 dunams were classified as built-up (urban) areas.
Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Kafr Laqif came under Jordanian rule.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 304 inhabitants.
Post 1967
During the Six-Day War in 1967, Kafr Laqif came under Israeli occupation.
After the 1995 accords, 28.2% of village land is classified as Area B land, while the remaining 71.8% is classified as Area C land. The Israelis have expropriated land in Kafr Laqif for its settlements, most notably Karne Shomron and its environs. In addition, according to the plans, (as of 2007) the Israeli West Bank barrier will isolate 657 dunums (22.8% of the village’s total area) on the western Israeli side of the wall.
References
Bibliography
External links
Welcome To Kafr Laqif
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 11: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Kafr Laqif Village (Fact Sheet), Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem (ARIJ)
Kafr Laqif Village Profile, ARIJ
Kafr Laqif, aerial photo, ARIJ
Development Priorities and Needs in Kafr Laqif, ARIJ
Vill |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajjah | Ajjah () is a Palestinian village in the Jenin Governorate in the northern West Bank, located 19 kilometers southwest of Jenin. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the village had a population of 6,162 in 2017.
History
It has been suggested that this was Aak, or Aaj in the list of places conquered by Thutmose III.
Pottery sherds from Middle Bronze IIB, IA I, IA II, Persian, Hellenistic, early and late Roman, Byzantine and early Muslim eras have been found here.
In 1179 the village (named Casale Age) was mentioned together with Fahma in Crusader sources as being among the villages whose revenue were given to the Zion Abbey by Pope Alexander III.
Ottoman era
Ajjah, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the census of 1596 it was a part of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Jabal Sami which was under the administration of the liwa ("district") of Nablus. The village had a population of 13 households, all Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax-rate of 33,3% on agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, beehives and/or goats, in addition to occasional revenues, a tax for people of liwa Nablus, and a press for olive oil or grape syrup; a total of 3,612 akçe. Pottery sherds from the Ottoman era have also been found here. En-Nabulsi (1641 – 1731), noted Ajjah as "a village on the road from Fahme and er-Rameh".
In 1830, the people of Ajjah fought against the army of Emir Bashir Shihab II during the siege of Sanur. In 1838, 'Ajjeh was noted as being in the District of esh-Sha'rawiyeh esh-Shurkiyeh, the eastern part.
In 1870, Victor Guérin noted it as a village on a hill, covering its summit, with 500 inhabitants, surrounded by olive groves. In 1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya (sub-district) of al-Sha'rawiyya al-Sharqiyya.
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Ajjeh as: "A village of small size, but of ancient appearance, perched on the edge of a hill, and built of stone, with olive groves below. It has a cistern on the south-east."
British mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, the village had a population of 500 Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to 643 Muslims, in 142 houses.
In the 1944/5 statistics the population of Ajja was 890 Muslims, with a total of 11,027 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 737 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 5,605 dunams for cereals, while 23 dunams were built-up (urban) land.
Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Ajjah came under Jordanian rule.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 1,190 inhabitants.
Post-1967
Since the 1967 Six-Day War, Ajjah has been under Israeli occupation. In 1978, the Medieval fortress still crowned the summit of the village, and around it were buildings from the 16th and 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araqah | Araqah () is a Palestinian village in the Jenin Governorate in the Northern area of the West Bank, located 15 kilometers West of Jenin. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the village had a population of 2,667 inhabitants in 2017.
History
Pottery remains from the late Roman, Byzantine, early Muslim and the Middle Ages have been found here.
Ottoman era
Pottery remains from the early Ottoman era have also been found here.
In 1870, Victor Guérin described it as a small village, situated on a small hill, and divided into two quarters. In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya of Shafa al-Gharby.
In 1882 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine found that it was "a village of moderated size on a hill side, with a well to the south."
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, the village had a population of 168 Muslims, increasing slightly in the 1931 census to 219 Muslims, with 36 houses.
In 1944/5 statistics the population was 350 Muslims, with a total of 5,675 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 462 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 1,191 dunams for cereals, while 27 dunams were built-up (urban) land.
Jordanian era
After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Araqah came under Jordanian rule.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 569 inhabitants.
Post-1967
Araqah has been under Israeli occupation along with the rest of the West Bank since the 1967 Six-Day War.
On 27 April 2015 an eighteen-year-old youth from the village died after being shot the previous day by Israeli soldiers.
See also
Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, 2015
References
Bibliography
External links
Welcome To 'Araqa
Araqa, Welcome to Palestine
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 8: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Jenin Governorate
Villages in the West Bank
Municipalities of the State of Palestine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahma | Fahma () is a Palestinian town in the Jenin Governorate in the Western area of the West Bank, located 15 kilometers Southwest of Jenin. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of 2,439 inhabitants in mid-year 2006 and 3,193 by 2017.
History
Pottery sherds from early and late Roman, Byzantine, and early Islamic periods have been found here.
In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya (sub-district) of al-Sha'rawiyya al-Sharqiyya.
In 1941, a carved stone with a relief of a Torah ark was discovered near the village's mosque, which previously was a Crusader church. This finding led scholars to believe that Fahma was a Samaritan settlement during Late Antiquity, and that the church and mosque stand on the site of an earlier Samaritan synagogue.
In 1179 the village was mentioned together with Ajjah (named Casale Age) in Crusader sources as being among the villages whose revenue were given to the Zion Abbey by Pope Alexander III.
In the Mamluk era, it was a station on the road between Damascus and Cairo, used for the express bringing of snow. It also had beacons for conveying messages.
Ottoman era
Fahma, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the census of 1596 it was a part of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Jabal Sami which was under the administration of the liwa ("district") of Nablus. The village had a population of 21 households and 2 bachelors, all Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax-rate of 33,3% on agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, beehives and/or goats, in addition to occasional revenues, a poll tax, and a press for olive oil or grape syrup; a total of 6,000 akçe. Pottery sherd from the early Ottoman era have also been found here.
In 1694, Abd el-Ghani, a Muslim traveler, passed by Famah on his pilgrimage.
In 1838, Fahmeh was noted as being in the District of esh-Sha'rawiyeh esh-Shurkiyeh, the eastern part.
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Fahmeh as a small adobe hamlet; "on a saddle beneath the hill (Batnen Nury). It has a well and a fig garden towards the north."
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Fahmeh had a population of 187; all Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to 238; still all Muslims, in a total of 38 houses.
In the 1945 statistics Fahma had a population of 350 Muslims, and the jurisdiction of the village was 4,498 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 210 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 2,173 dunams for cereals, while 14 dunams were built-up (urban) land.
Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Fahma came under Jordanian rule.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 541 inhabitants in Fahma.
Post 1967
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Fahma has been |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGED | MGED may refer to:
The FGED Society, formerly known as the MGED Society, a genomics research data sharing organization.
MGED, the "Multi-device Geometry EDitor", a computer program that is part of the BRL-CAD software. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centered%20trochoid | In geometry, a centered trochoid is the roulette formed by a circle rolling along another circle. That is, it is the path traced by a point attached to a circle as the circle rolls without slipping along a fixed circle. The term encompasses both epitrochoid and hypotrochoid. The center of this curve is defined to be the center of the fixed circle.
Alternatively, a centered trochoid can be defined as the path traced by the sum of two vectors, each moving at a uniform speed in a circle. Specifically, a centered trochoid is a curve that can be parameterized in the complex plane by
or in the Cartesian plane by
where
If is rational then the curve is closed and algebraic. Otherwise the curve winds around the origin an infinite number of times, and is dense in the annulus with outer radius and inner radius .
Terminology
Most authors use epitrochoid to mean a roulette of a circle rolling around the outside of another circle, hypotrochoid to mean a roulette of a circle rolling around the inside of another circle, and trochoid to mean a roulette of a circle rolling along a line. However, some authors (for example following F. Morley) use "trochoid" to mean a roulette of a circle rolling along another circle, though this is inconsistent with the more common terminology. The term Centered trochoid as adopted by combines epitrochoid and hypotrochoid into a single concept to streamline mathematical exposition and remains consistent with the existing standard.
The term Trochoidal curve describes epitrochoids, hypotrochoids, and trochoids (see ). A trochoidal curve can be defined as the path traced by the sum of two vectors, each moving at a uniform speed in a circle or in a straight line (but not both moving in a line).
In the parametric equations given above, the curve is an epitrochoid if and have the same sign, and a hypotrochoid if they have opposite signs.
Dual generation
Let a circle of radius be rolled on a circle of radius , and a point is attached to the rolling circle. The fixed curve can be parameterized as and the rolling curve can be parameterized as either or depending on whether the parameterization traverses the circle in the same direction or in the opposite direction as the parameterization of the fixed curve. In either case we may use where . Let be attached to the rolling circle at . Then, applying the formula for the roulette, the point traces out a curve given by:
This is the parameterization given above with
, , , .
Conversely, given , , , and , the curve
can be reparameterized as
and the equations
, ,
can be solved for , and to get
The curve remains the same if the indexes
1 and 2 are reversed but the resulting values of , and , in general, do not. This produces the Dual generation theorem which states that, with the exception of the special case discussed below, any centered trochoid can be generated in two essentially different ways as the roulette of a circle rolling on another circle.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%2C%20Jenin | Sir () is a Palestinian town in the Jenin Governorate of Palestine, in the West Bank, located 18 kilometers south of Jenin. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of 769 inhabitants in mid-year 2006 and 857 by 2017.
Location
Sir is located on the southern part of Marj Sanur, together with Meithalun.
History
SWP noted: "The ruin west of the village has the appearance of an ancient site. Foundations, cisterns cut in the rock, and heaps of stones among bushes."
Pottery sherds from the Persian, early and late Roman, and Byzantine eras have been found here.
Sir is identified with Kfar Zir (), mentioned in the 6th-7th century Mosaic of Reḥob as a Jewish village in the region of Sebastia inhabited mostly by non-Jews and, therefore, agricultural produce obtained from the area could be taken by Jews without the normal restrictions imposed during the Sabbatical years, or the need for tithing.
A Crusader estate named Casale Syrorum, whose rights were affirmed in the year 1165/1166 CE by Amalric of Jerusalem, was located here.
Ottoman era
Sir, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the census of 1596 it was a part of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Jabal Sami which was under the administration of the Nablus Sanjak. The village had a population of 31 households and 4 bachelors, all Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax-rate of 33,3% on agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, beehives and/or goats, in addition to occasional revenues, a tax for people of liwa Nablus, and a press for olive oil or grape syrup; a total of 7,832 akçe.
In 1870, Victor Guérin noted it as a small village on a high hill. There were many cisterns and tombs cut out from the rock, which convinced Guérin that the place was ancient. The inhabitant, which numbered 150, had a mosque.
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Sir as: "A small village on a knoll amid brushwood, with a large house on the west."
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Sir had 194 Muslims inhabitants, increasing in the 1931 census to 233; 2 Christians and 231 Muslims, in a total of 42 houses.
In the 1945 statistics the population of Sir was 290, all Muslims, with 12,499 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 1,908 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 6,045 dunams for cereals, while 10 dunams were built-up (urban) land and 4,536 dunams were classified as "non-cultivable".
Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Sir came under Jordanian rule.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 470 inhabitants.
Post-1967
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Sir has been under Israeli occupation.
References
Bibliography
External links
Welcome To Sir
Sir, Welcome to Palestine
Survey of Western Pale |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven-number%20summary | In descriptive statistics, the seven-number summary is a collection of seven summary statistics, and is an extension of the five-number summary. There are three similar, common forms.
As with the five-number summary, it can be represented by a modified box plot, adding hatch-marks on the "whiskers" for two of the additional numbers.
Seven-number summary
The following percentiles are (approximately) evenly spaced under a normally distributed variable:
the 2nd percentile (better: 2.15%)
the 9th percentile (better: 8.87%)
the 25th percentile or lower quartile or first quartile
the 50th percentile or median (middle value, or second quartile)
the 75th percentile or upper quartile or third quartile
the 91st percentile (better: 91.13%)
the 98th percentile (better: 97.85%)
The middle three values – the lower quartile, median, and upper quartile – are the usual statistics from the five-number summary and are the standard values for the box in a box plot.
The two unusual percentiles at either end are used because the locations of all seven values will be approximately equally spaced if the data is normally distributed Some statistical tests require normally distributed data, so the plotted values provide a convenient visual check for validity of later tests, simply by scanning to see if the marks for those seven percentiles appear to be equal distances apart on the graph.
Notice that whereas the extreme values of the five-number summary depend on the number of samples, this seven-number summary does not, and is somewhat more stable, since its whisker-ends are protected from the usual wild swings in the extreme values of the sample by replacing them with the more steady 2nd and 98th percentiles.
The values can be represented using a modified box plot. The 2nd and 98th percentiles are represented by the ends of the whiskers, and hatch-marks across the whiskers mark the 9th and 91st percentiles.
Bowley’s seven-figure summary
Arthur Bowley used a set of non-parametric statistics, called a "seven-figure summary", including the extremes, deciles, and quartiles, along with the median.
Thus the numbers are:
the sample minimum
the 10th percentile (first decile)
the 25th percentile or lower quartile or first quartile
the 50th percentile or median (middle value, or second quartile)
the 75th percentile or upper quartile or third quartile
the 90th percentile (last decile)
the sample maximum
Note that the middle five of the seven numbers are very nearly the same as for the seven number summary, above.
The addition of the deciles allow one to compute the interdecile range, which for a normal distribution can be scaled to give a reasonably efficient estimate of standard deviation, and the 10% midsummary, which when compared to the median gives an idea of the skewness in the tails.
Tukey’s seven-number summary
John Tukey used a seven-number summary consisting of the extremes, octiles, quartiles, and the median.
The seven numbers are:
the sample |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pombal%2C%20Para%C3%ADba | Pombal is a Brazilian municipality in the State of Paraíba. Located at an altitude of 184 meters. According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), in 2020 it had an estimated population of 32,802 inhabitants. Its territorial area is 894 km2.
History
It was along the rivers that flourished early civilizations of the world, giving a new direction to human history, in turn call river civilizations. And the decisive factor in the colonization of Pombal was the Rio Piancó.
The penetration paraibano was made by agricultural and pastoral purposes.
Right in the late seventeenth century, around 1696, the pioneer Theodosius Canate, after many battles with the natives, reached the location of the landmarks of the founding of Festival of Piranhas, the right bank of the river Piancó.
The interior, hitherto unexplored was occupied by the tribes of the family Cariri - the PEGAS and PANATO.
The city received three names. The first Festival of Piranhas (1696), the last village of Nossa Senhora do Bom Sucesso (1719) and by royal charter of July 22, 1766 was elevated to the category of town with the name of Pombal. Homage to the First Minister of the king of Portugal D. José I, the Marquis of Pombal (Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo). High category of life came the official installation to 4 May 1772.
The town became a district on October 15, 1827, and July 21, 1862 was granted city outlaws the seat of the municipality is a great brand of Luso-Brazilian ties.
The county of Pombal was established in 1831 and was supplied in 1882 and restored by the State Law No. 330 of November 11, 1898 based on Patos.
Under the State Law No. 330 of 1907 moved the headquarters to the city of Pombal.
The county of Pombal is 2 Sub-division, covering the cities of Lake and São Paulo, Danvers, São Domingos de Pombal and São Bento de Pombal.
Pombal - was the 1st Village high paraibano, and today stands as culturally Fourth (4th) oldest city in Paraíba.
Annual Festivals and Events
Each year the two parties stand in the city, the Pombal Fest, which always occurs in the month of July, commemorating the anniversary of the city, shaped out of season carnival. And the Feast of the Rosary, which occurs in October, when the first weeks of the month, extending up to about October 12, the day of children.
Geography
The city is included in the geographic area covered by the Brazilian semiarid, defined by the Ministry of National Integration in 2005. This distinction is made based precipitation index, the index of aridity and drought risk.
Monuments and Historic Buildings
There are many monuments and historic buildings in the city, like the house of culture, which was the old jail, where torture was no different to blacks and people who disobeyed the law. In the city center can find the Church of Our Lady of Good Success and Our Lady of the Rosary, and there are others just symbolic, as Centenary Square, the Pillar of Time, Cruise, and the Bandstand, where to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farkha | Farkha () is a Palestinian village located in the Salfit Governorate in the northern West Bank, 30 kilometers south of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of 1,650 in 2017.
Location
Farkha is located west of Salfit. It is bordered by Salfit to the east and north, Qarawat Bani Zaid and Bani Zaid ash Sharqiya to the south, and Bruqin village to the west.
History
Pottery sherds from the Middle Bronze Age, Iron Age I and IA II, Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and Crusader/Ayyubid have been found here.
It was populated by Samaritans up until the Arab conquest, and probably later into the Umayyad period.
An Ayyubid text in the village mosque, first noted in situ by D.C. Bamraki, dates it to 1210 CE.
Pottery sherds from the Mamluk era have also been found here.
The village is seem to be the birthplace of the Muslim scholar Abdullah al-Farkhawi (d. 1415).
Ottoman era
In 1517, the village was included in the Ottoman empire with the rest of Palestine, and in the 1596 tax-records it appeared as Farha, located in the Nahiya of Jabal Quba, part of Nablus Sanjak. The population was 17 households, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues and a fixed tax for people of Nablus area; a total of 2,800 akçe. Pottery sherds from the early Ottoman era has also been found here.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, the village formed part of the highland region known as Jūrat ‘Amra or Bilād Jammā‘īn. Situated between Dayr Ghassāna in the south and the present Route 5 in the north, and between Majdal Yābā in the west and Jammā‘īn, Mardā and Kifl Ḥāris in the east, this area served, according to historian Roy Marom, "as a buffer zone between the political-economic-social units of the Jerusalem and the Nablus regions. On the political level, it suffered from instability due to the migration of the Bedouin tribes and the constant competition among local clans for the right to collect taxes on behalf of the Ottoman authorities.”
In 1838, Furkha was noted as village in the Jurat Merda area, south of Nablus.
In 1870, Victor Guérin on his travels noted Farkha as a "considerable" village, located on a mountain peak.
In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village with a population of 36 households in the nahiya (sub-district) of Jamma'in al-Awwal, subordinate to Nablus.
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Furkhah as: "An ancient village in a very strong position on a steep hill-top. The houses are of stone, and there are three sacred tombs, including Haram en Neby Shit, on the south. The fountain of Ain Yambua, in the valley, gives a supply of fine water, and there are two other springs east of the village. The place is evidently an ancient site. The hills around it are very steep and rocky."
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palesti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong%20law%20of%20small%20numbers | In mathematics, the "strong law of small numbers" is the humorous law that proclaims, in the words of Richard K. Guy (1988):
In other words, any given small number appears in far more contexts than may seem reasonable, leading to many apparently surprising coincidences in mathematics, simply because small numbers appear so often and yet are so few. Earlier (1980) this "law" was reported by Martin Gardner. Guy's subsequent 1988 paper of the same title gives numerous examples in support of this thesis. (This paper earned him the MAA Lester R. Ford Award.)
Second strong law of small numbers
Guy also formulated a second strong law of small numbers:
Guy explains this latter law by the way of examples: he cites numerous sequences for which observing the first few members may lead to a wrong guess about the generating formula or law for the sequence. Many of the examples are the observations of other mathematicians.
One example Guy gives is the conjecture that is prime—in fact, a Mersenne prime—when is prime; but this conjecture, while true for = 2, 3, 5 and 7, fails for = 11 (and for many other values).
Another relates to the prime number race: primes congruent to 3 modulo 4 appear to be more numerous than those congruent to 1; however this is false, and first ceases being true at 26861.
A geometric example concerns Moser's circle problem (pictured), which appears to have the solution of for points, but this pattern breaks at and above .
See also
Insensitivity to sample size
Law of large numbers (unrelated, but the origin of the name)
Mathematical coincidence
Pigeonhole principle
Representativeness heuristic
Notes
External links
Mathematics papers
Mathematical humor
1988 documents
1988 in science
Works originally published in American magazines
Works originally published in science and technology magazines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betula%20Beach | Betula Beach is a summer village on Wabamun Lake in Alberta, Canada.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Summer Village of Betula Beach had a population of 27 living in 14 of its 46 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 16. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Summer Village of Betula Beach had a population of 16 living in 7 of its 40 total private dwellings, a change from its 2011 population of 10. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.
See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of summer villages in Alberta
List of resort villages in Saskatchewan
References
External links
1960 establishments in Alberta
Edmonton Metropolitan Region
Summer villages in Alberta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnyville%20Beach | Bonnyville Beach is a summer village in Alberta, Canada. It is located in the Municipal District of Bonnyville No. 87.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Summer Village of Bonnyville Beach had a population of 70 living in 32 of its 66 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 84. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Summer Village of Bonnyville Beach had a population of 84 living in 33 of its 70 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2011 population of 95. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.
See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of summer villages in Alberta
List of resort villages in Saskatchewan
References
External links
1958 establishments in Alberta
Summer villages in Alberta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharbatha%20al-Misbah | Kharbatha al-Misbah () is a Palestinian town in the central West Bank, located west of Ramallah in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of 6,366 in 2017. It has a total land area of 4,431 dunams, of which 644 are built-up areas and the remainder agricultural lands and forests.
Location
Kharbatha al Misbah is located west of Ramallah. It is bordered by Beit Ur al Fauqa to the east, Beit Ur at Tahta to the north, Beit Sira to the west, and Beit Liqya to the south.
History
In 1838, it was noted as a Muslim village called Khurbata in the Lydda administrative region.
In 1863, Victor Guérin found the village to have 400 inhabitants, along with ruins identified in local tradition as the remains of a Christian church. He further noted five or six cisterns, and ancient tombs. Guérin thought that this was an ancient place that was founded on a Hebrew settlement whose original name had been lost.
Socin found from an official Ottoman village list from about 1870 that the village, called Charabta, had a population of 194, with a total of 71 houses, though the population count included only men. Hartmann found that Charabta had 78 houses.
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described the village, then called Khurbetha ibn es Seba, as "a small village on a ridge, with a well to the east."
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Kherbet al-Mesbah had a population of 369, all Muslim. In the 1931 census it had increased to a population of 488, still all Muslim, in 121 inhabited houses.
In the 1945 statistics, the population of Khirbat el Misbah was 600, all Muslims, who owned 4,438 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey. 1,026 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 2,133 used for cereals, while 25 dunams were built-up (urban) land.
Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Kharbatha al-Misbah came under Jordanian rule.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 942 inhabitants in Kh. Misbah.
There are two mosques in the town: Omri Mosque and al-Kawthar Mosque. The former was built atop the ruins of an ancient church and was renovated in 1965. Within the town, still lay Ancient Roman cemeteries. It has been governed by a village council.
1967-present
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Kharbatha al-Misbah has been under Israeli occupation.
After the 1995 accords, 19% of village land was classified as Area B, while the remaining 81% was classified as Area C. Israel has confiscated 61 dunams of village land in order to build the Israeli settlement of Beit Horon.
See also
Kharbatha Bani Harith
References
Bibliography
External links
Welcome to Kh. al-Misbah
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 17: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Kharbatha al Misbah Village (Fact Sheet), Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem (ARIJ)
Kharbath |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qira%2C%20Salfit | Qira () is a Palestinian town located in the Salfit Governorate in the northern West Bank, 19 kilometers southwest of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of approximately 1,278 in 2017.
Location
Qira is located north of Salfit. It is bordered by Jamma'in and Marda to the east, Kifl Haris and Marda to the south, Kifl Haris to the west, and Zeita Jamma'in to the north.
History
Pottery sherds from the Iron Age I - II, Persian, Hellenistic/Roman have been found here, as has sherds from the Byzantine and Crusader/Ayyubid eras.
During the Crusader period, Diya' al-Din (1173–1245) writes that there was a Muslim population in the village. He also noted that followers of Ibn Qudamah lived here.
Sherds from the Mamluk era have also been found here.
Ottoman era
In 1517, the village was included in the Ottoman empire with the rest of Palestine, and it appeared in the 1596 tax-records as Qira, located in the Nahiya of Jabal Qubal of the Liwa of Nablus. The population was 8 households and 1 bachelor, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and beehives and a press for olive oil or grape syrup, in addition to occasional revenues and a fixed tax for people of Nablus area; a total of 2,000 akçe. Sherds from the early Ottoman era have been found here.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, the village formed part of the highland region known as Jūrat ‘Amra or Bilād Jammā‘īn. Situated between Dayr Ghassāna in the south and the present Route 5 in the north, and between Majdal Yābā in the west and Jammā‘īn, Mardā and Kifl Ḥāris in the east, this area served, according to historian Roy Marom, "as a buffer zone between the political-economic-social units of the Jerusalem and the Nablus regions. On the political level, it suffered from instability due to the migration of the Bedouin tribes and the constant competition among local clans for the right to collect taxes on behalf of the Ottoman authorities.”
In 1838, Edward Robinson noted it as a village, Kireh, in the Jurat Merda district, south of Nablus.
In 1870, Victor Guérin noted Kireh on a hill partly covered with olives, and having "barely a hundred and forty inhabitants".
In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya (sub-district) of Jamma'in al-Thani, subordinate to Nablus.
In 1882, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Kireh as: "A moderate village on high ground, with a chapel venerated by the Moslems, but named after the Virgin Mary. The water supply is from a pool.
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Qireh had a population of 87 Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to 102 Muslims in 28 occupied houses.
In the 1945 statistics the population was 140 Muslims while the total land area was 2,249 dunams, according to an offici |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarta | Sarta () is a Palestinian town located in the Salfit Governorate in the northern West Bank, 22 kilometers southwest of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of approximately 3,382 in 2017.
Location
Sarta is bordered by Haris to the east, Bruqin to the south, Biddya to the west, and Qarawat Bani Hassan to the north.
History
Sarta is situated on an ancient site, where cisterns and columbariums carved into rock have been found. Sherds from Iron Age II and Persian eras have been found, but were possibly washed down from a nearby higher Tell. Sherds from Byzantine/Early Umayyad and Crusader/Ayyubid occupations can be suggested according to the finds of sherds at Sarta, and according to finds at the site of the nearby sheikh tomb.
Yakut mentions "Suratah", as being in "a village in Jabal Nabulus". It has been suggested that this was Sarta.
Ottoman era
The village was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers as being in the nahiya of Jabal Qubal in the liwa of Nablus. It had a population of 6 households, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33,3 % on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and beehives; a total of 1,500 akçe.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Sarta formed part of the highland region known as Jūrat ‘Amra or Bilād Jammā‘īn. Situated between Dayr Ghassāna in the south and the present Route 5 in the north, and between Majdal Yābā in the west and Jammā‘īn, Mardā and Kifl Ḥāris in the east, this area served, according to historian Roy Marom, "as a buffer zone between the political-economic-social units of the Jerusalem and the Nablus regions. On the political level, it suffered from instability due to the migration of the Bedouin tribes and the constant competition among local clans for the right to collect taxes on behalf of the Ottoman authorities.”
In 1838 it was noted as a village Serata, part of the Jurat Merda district, south of Nablus.
French explorer Victor Guérin travelled through the village in 1870, and found it to have around 40 houses, some better built than in the average village. The stones of the houses were alternately red and white. Several ancient cisterns dug into the rock provided water for the residents.
In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village with a population of 27 households in the nahiya (sub-district) of Jamma'in al-Awwal, subordinate to Nablus.
In 1882, the Palestine Exploration Fund's "Survey of Western Palestine" described Serta as a small stone village.
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Sarta had a population of 275 Muslims and 1 Jew, increasing in the 1931 census to 317, all Muslim, in a total of 76 houses.
In the 1945 statistics the population was 420, all Muslims, while the total land area was 5,584 dunams, according to an offici |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mas-ha | Mas-ha () is a Palestinian village located in the Salfit Governorate in the northern West Bank, 24 kilometers southwest of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of 2,370 in 2017.
Location
Mas-ha is located north-west of Salfit. It is bordered by Biddya to the east, Az Zawiya to the south, Azzun Atma to the west, and Sanniriya and Beit Amin to the north.
History
Potsherds from the Byzantine, Byzantine/Umayyad, Crusader/Ayyubid and Mamluk era have been found here.
Ottoman era
Potsherds from the early Ottoman era have also been found. Masha appeared in 1596 Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Jabal Qubal, part of the Sanjak of Nablus. It had a population of five households, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and beehives, a press for olives or grapes, and occasional revenues and a fixed tax for people of Nablus area; a total of 2,300 akçe.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Mas-ha formed part of the highland region known as Jūrat ‘Amra or Bilād Jammā‘īn. Situated between Dayr Ghassāna in the south and the present Route 5 in the north, and between Majdal Yābā in the west and Jammā‘īn, Mardā and Kifl Ḥāris in the east, this area served, according to historian Roy Marom, "as a buffer zone between the political-economic-social units of the Jerusalem and the Nablus regions. On the political level, it suffered from instability due to the migration of the Bedouin tribes and the constant competition among local clans for the right to collect taxes on behalf of the Ottoman authorities.”
In 1838, Edward Robinson noted it as a village, Mes-ha, in the Jurat Merda district, south of Nablus.
French explorer Victor Guérin passed by the village in 1870, and estimated it as having about 300-350 inhabitants, and fig-tree lined borders.
In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya (sub-district) of Jamma'in al-Thani, subordinate to Nablus.
In 1882 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Mes-ha as "a good-sized village, with a high central house, but partly ruinous. It is supplied by cisterns, and the houses are of stone."
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Mas-ha (called: Masha) had a population of 80, all Muslims, increasing slightly in the 1931 census to 87 Muslims in a total of 20 houses.
In the 1945 statistics the population was 110, all Muslims, while the total land area was 8,263 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 1,612 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 2,482 for cereals, while 18 dunams were classified as built-up (urban) areas.
Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Mas-ha came under Jordanian rule.
In 1961, the population was 478.
Post-1967
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takuya%20Yokoyama | is a former Japanese football player.
Club statistics
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Japanese men's footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
Montedio Yamagata players
Ehime FC players
Fujieda MYFC players
Men's association football forwards
Association football people from Shizuoka (city) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit%20Liqya | Beit Liqya () is a Palestinian town located in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate in the northern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of approximately 9,304 in 2017.
Location
Beit Liqya is located 13.5 km southwest of Ramallah. It is bordered by Beit ‘Anan and Beit ‘Ur al Foqa to the east, Kharbatha al Misbah to the north, Beit Sira and Beit Nuba to the west, and Beit Nuba and Kharayib Umm al Lahim to the south.
History
In 1882, Conder and Kitchener suggested identifying Beit Liqya with the biblical Eltekeh of . However, later researchers have suggested Tel Shalaf, north of Ge'alya as the location of Eltekeh.
It has been suggested that Beit Liqya is identical with Kefar Lekitaia, referenced in Lamentations Rabbah as one of the three stations set up by Hadrian to catch fugitives from Bethar during the Bar Kokhba revolt. Safrai, on the other hand, preferred to identify Lekitaia with Khirbet el-Kutt, a ruin located 1 km south of Al-Lubban ash-Sharqiya, where a Jewish ritual bath was discovered.
Medieval period
In the early 1200, the revenues from Beit Liqya were given as a waqf designated for the Al-Haram al-Sharif.
Ottoman era
Beit Liqya, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517. Administratively, Beit Liqya, and its two agricultural dependencies : Mazra'at Beyt Nushif and Mazra'at Rakubis, belonged to the Sub-district of Ramla in the District of Gaza. Jerusalem. In 1552, the revenues of the village were designated for the new waqf of Hasseki Sultan Imaret in Jerusalem, established by Hasseki Hurrem Sultan (Roxelana), the wife of Suleiman the Magnificent.
In 1838 Beit Lukia was noted as a Muslim village, located in the Beni Malik area, west of Jerusalem.
The French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village in the 1863, and estimated that it had around five hundred inhabitants. He also noted a wali for a Sheikh Abou Ismail. An official Ottoman village list from about 1870, showed that "Bet Lukja" had a total of 109 houses and a population of 347, though the population count included only men.
In 1883, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Beit Likia as a "small village on a main road at the foot of the hills, supplied by cisterns. There are ancient foundations among the houses."
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Beit Leqia had a population of 739, all Muslim, increasing by the time of 1931 census, when Beit Liqya had 209 occupied houses and a population of 858, still all Muslim.
In the 1945 statistics the population was 1,040, all Muslims, while the total land area was 14,358 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 1,918 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 6,469 for cereals, while 39 dunams were classified as built-up (urban) areas.
Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreemen |
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