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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undefined%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, the term undefined is often used to refer to an expression which is not assigned an interpretation or a value (such as an indeterminate form, which has the possibility of assuming different values). The term can take on several different meanings depending on the context. For example:
In various branch... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Aleph%20%28short%20story%29 | "The Aleph" (original Spanish title: "El Aleph") is a short story by the Argentine writer and poet Jorge Luis Borges. First published in September 1945, it was reprinted in the short story collection, The Aleph and Other Stories, in 1949, and revised by the author in 1974.
Plot summary
In Borges' story, the Aleph i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%20spectral%20analysis | Hilbert spectral analysis is a signal analysis method applying the Hilbert transform to compute the instantaneous frequency of signals according to
After performing the Hilbert transform on each signal, we can express the data in the following form:
This equation gives both the amplitude and the frequency of each com... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avalon%20explosion | The Avalon explosion, named from the Precambrian fauna discovered at the Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland, is a proposed evolutionary radiation of prehistoric animals about 575 million years ago in the Ediacaran Period, with the Avalon explosion being one of three eras grouped in this time. This event is believed to ha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanton%20number | The Stanton number, St, is a dimensionless number that measures the ratio of heat transferred into a fluid to the thermal capacity of fluid. The Stanton number is named after Thomas Stanton (engineer) (1865–1931). It is used to characterize heat transfer in forced convection flows.
Formula
where
h = convection heat t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy-disk%20controller | A floppy-disk controller (FDC) has evolved from a discrete set of components on one or more circuit boards to a special-purpose integrated circuit (IC or "chip") or a component thereof. An FDC directs and controls reading from and writing to a computer's floppy disk drive (FDD). The FDC is responsible for reading data ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathovar | A pathovar is a bacterial strain or set of strains with the same or similar characteristics, that is differentiated at infrasubspecific level from other strains of the same species or subspecies on the basis of distinctive pathogenicity to one or more plant hosts.
Pathovars are named as a ternary or quaternary additio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser%20capture%20microdissection | Laser capture microdissection (LCM), also called microdissection, laser microdissection (LMD), or laser-assisted microdissection (LMD or LAM), is a method for isolating specific cells of interest from microscopic regions of tissue/cells/organisms (dissection on a microscopic scale with the help of a laser).
Principle
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20of%20Electronics%2C%20Information%20and%20Communication%20Engineers | The is a Japanese institute specializing in the areas of electronic, information and communication engineering and associated fields. Its headquarters are located in Tokyo, Japan. It is a membership organization with the purpose of advancing the field of electronics, information and communications and support activiti... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reagent | In chemistry, a reagent ( ) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. The terms reactant and reagent are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a substance consumed in the course of a chemical reaction. Solvents, though involved i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observability%20%28software%29 | In distributed systems, observability is the ability to collect data about programs' execution, modules' internal states, and the communication among components. To improve observability, software engineers use a wide range of logging and tracing techniques to gather telemetry information, and tools to analyze and use ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirp%20compression | The chirp pulse compression process transforms a long duration frequency-coded pulse into a narrow pulse of greatly increased amplitude. It is a technique used in radar and sonar systems because it is a method whereby a narrow pulse with high peak power can be derived from a long duration pulse with low peak power. Fur... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEC%2061162 | IEC 61162 is a collection of IEC standards for "Digital interfaces for navigational equipment within a ship".
The 61162 standards are developed in Working Group 6 (WG6) of Technical Committee 80 (TC80) of the IEC.
Sections of IEC 61162
Standard IEC 61162 is divided into the following parts:
Part 1: Single talker and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature-sensitive%20mutant | Temperature-sensitive mutants are variants of genes that allow normal function of the organism at low temperatures, but altered function at higher temperatures. Cold sensitive mutants are variants of genes that allow normal function of the organism at higher temperatures, but altered function at low temperatures.
Mec... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner%E2%80%93Weyl%20transform | In quantum mechanics, the Wigner–Weyl transform or Weyl–Wigner transform (after Hermann Weyl and Eugene Wigner) is the invertible mapping between functions in the quantum phase space formulation and Hilbert space operators in the Schrödinger picture.
Often the mapping from functions on phase space to operators is call... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migration%20%28virtualization%29 | In the context of virtualization, where a guest simulation of an entire computer is actually merely a software virtual machine (VM) running on a host computer under a hypervisor, migration (also known as teleportation, also known as live migration) is the process by which a running virtual machine is moved from one phy... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undervoltage-lockout | The undervoltage-lockout (UVLO) is an electronic circuit used to turn off the power of an electronic device in the event of the voltage dropping below the operational value that could cause unpredictable system behavior. For instance, in battery powered embedded devices, UVLOs can be used to monitor the battery voltage... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytometry | Cytometry is the measurement of number and characteristics of cells. Variables that can be measured by cytometric methods include cell size, cell count, cell morphology (shape and structure), cell cycle phase, DNA content, and the existence or absence of specific proteins on the cell surface or in the cytoplasm. Cytome... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware%20security | Hardware security is a discipline originated from the cryptographic engineering and involves hardware design, access control, secure multi-party computation, secure key storage, ensuring code authenticity, measures to ensure that the supply chain that built the product is secure among other things.
A hardware security... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cope%27s%20rule | Cope's rule, named after American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope, postulates that population lineages tend to increase in body size over evolutionary time. It was never actually stated by Cope, although he favoured the occurrence of linear evolutionary trends. It is sometimes also known as the Cope–Depéret rule, be... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality%20intellectual%20property%20metric | The quality intellectual property metric (QIP) is an international standard, developed by Virtual Socket Interface Alliance (VSIA) for measuring Intellectual Property (IP) or Silicon intellectual property (SIP) quality and examining the practices used to design, integrate and support the SIP. SIP hardening is required... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solovay%E2%80%93Kitaev%20theorem | In quantum information and computation, the Solovay–Kitaev theorem says, roughly, that if a set of single-qubit quantum gates generates a dense subset of SU(2), then that set can be used to approximate any desired quantum gate with a relatively short sequence of gates. This theorem is considered one of the most signifi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20convexity%20topics | This is a list of convexity topics, by Wikipedia page.
Alpha blending - the process of combining a translucent foreground color with a background color, thereby producing a new blended color. This is a convex combination of two colors allowing for transparency effects in computer graphics.
Barycentric coordinates - a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z-factor | The Z-factor is a measure of statistical effect size. It has been proposed for use in high-throughput screening (where it is also known as Z-prime), and commonly written as Z' to judge whether the response in a particular assay is large enough to warrant further attention.
Background
In high-throughput screens, exper... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board%20support%20package | In embedded systems, a board support package (BSP) is the layer of software containing hardware-specific boot firmware and device drivers and other routines that allow a given embedded operating system, for example a real-time operating system (RTOS), to function in a given hardware environment (a motherboard), integra... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20Live | Football Live was the name given to the project and computer system created and utilised by PA Sport to collect Real Time Statistics from major English & Scottish Football Matches and distribute to most leading media organisations. At the time of its operation, more than 99% of all football statistics displayed across ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versit%20Consortium | The versit Consortium was a multivendor initiative founded by Apple Computer, AT&T, IBM and Siemens in the early 1990s in order to create Personal Data Interchange (PDI) technology, open specifications for exchanging personal data over the Internet, wired and wireless connectivity and Computer Telephony Integration (CT... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comb%20filter | In signal processing, a comb filter is a filter implemented by adding a delayed version of a signal to itself, causing constructive and destructive interference. The frequency response of a comb filter consists of a series of regularly spaced notches in between regularly spaced peaks (sometimes called teeth) giving the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic%20field%20solver | Electromagnetic field solvers (or sometimes just field solvers) are specialized programs that solve (a subset of) Maxwell's equations directly. They form a part of the field of electronic design automation, or EDA, and are commonly used in the design of integrated circuits and printed circuit boards. They are used when... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20normal%20%28robotics%29 | In robotics the common normal of two non-intersecting joint axes is a line perpendicular to both axes.
The common normal can be used to characterize robot arm links, by using the "common normal distance" and the angle between the link axes in a plane perpendicular to the common normal. When two consecutive joint axes ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20network%20diagram | A computer network diagram is a schematic depicting the nodes and connections amongst nodes in a computer network or, more generally, any telecommunications network. Computer network diagrams form an important part of network documentation.
Symbolization
Readily identifiable icons are used to depict common network ap... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20on%20a%20chip | A network on a chip or network-on-chip (NoC or ) is a network-based communications subsystem on an integrated circuit ("microchip"), most typically between modules in a system on a chip (SoC). The modules on the IC are typically semiconductor IP cores schematizing various functions of the computer system, and are d... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway%20chained%20arrow%20notation | Conway chained arrow notation, created by mathematician John Horton Conway, is a means of expressing certain extremely large numbers. It is simply a finite sequence of positive integers separated by rightward arrows, e.g. .
As with most combinatorial notations, the definition is recursive. In this case the notation ev... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre%27s%20constant | Legendre's constant is a mathematical constant occurring in a formula constructed by Adrien-Marie Legendre to approximate the behavior of the prime-counting function . The value that corresponds precisely to its asymptotic behavior is now known to be 1.
Examination of available numerical data for known values of led ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20misnamed%20theorems | This is a list of misnamed theorems in mathematics. It includes theorems (and lemmas, corollaries, conjectures, laws, and perhaps even the odd object) that are well known in mathematics, but which are not named for the originator. That is, these items on this list illustrate Stigler's law of eponymy (which is not, of c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein%20notation | In mathematics, especially the usage of linear algebra in mathematical physics, Einstein notation (also known as the Einstein summation convention or Einstein summation notation) is a notational convention that implies summation over a set of indexed terms in a formula, thus achieving brevity. As part of mathematics i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LOBSTER | LOBSTER was a European network monitoring system, based on passive monitoring of traffic on the internet. Its functions were to gather traffic information as a basis for improving internet performance, and to detect security incidents.
Objectives
To build an advanced pilot European Internet traffic monitoring infrast... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical%20software%20engineering | Empirical software engineering (ESE) is a subfield of software engineering (SE) research that uses empirical research methods to study and evaluate an SE phenomenon of interest. The phenomenon may refer to software development tools/technology, practices, processes, policies, or other human and organizational aspects.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gating%20%28telecommunication%29 | In telecommunication, the term gating has the following meanings:
The process of selecting only those portions of a wave between specified time intervals or between specified amplitude limits.
The controlling of signals by means of combinational logic elements.
A process in which a predetermined set of conditions, whe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apodization | In signal processing, apodization (from Greek "removing the foot") is the modification of the shape of a mathematical function. The function may represent an electrical signal, an optical transmission, or a mechanical structure. In optics, it is primarily used to remove Airy disks caused by diffraction around an intens... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20response | In signal processing, phase response is the relationship between the phase of a sinusoidal input and the output signal passing through any device that accepts input and produces an output signal, such as an amplifier or a filter.
Amplifiers, filters, and other devices are often categorized by their amplitude and/or ph... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypress%20PSoC | PSoC (programmable system on a chip) is a family of microcontroller integrated circuits by Cypress Semiconductor. These chips include a CPU core and mixed-signal arrays of configurable integrated analog and digital peripherals.
History
In 2002, Cypress began shipping commercial quantities of the PSoC 1. To promote t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ION%20LMD | ION LMD system is one of the laser microdissection systems and a name of device that follows Gravity-Assisted Microdissection method, also known as GAM method. This non-contact laser microdissection system makes cell isolation for further genetic analysis possible. It is the first developed laser microdissection system... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema%20Naturae | (originally in Latin written with the ligature æ) is one of the major works of the Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) and introduced the Linnaean taxonomy. Although the system, now known as binomial nomenclature, was partially developed by the Bauhin brothers, Gaspard and Johann, Linna... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taste | The gustatory system or sense of taste is the sensory system that is partially responsible for the perception of taste (flavor). Taste is the perception stimulated when a substance in the mouth reacts chemically with taste receptor cells located on taste buds in the oral cavity, mostly on the tongue. Taste, along with ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knuth%27s%20up-arrow%20notation | In mathematics, Knuth's up-arrow notation is a method of notation for very large integers, introduced by Donald Knuth in 1976.
In his 1947 paper, R. L. Goodstein introduced the specific sequence of operations that are now called hyperoperations. Goodstein also suggested the Greek names tetration, pentation, etc., for ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20finite-dimensional%20Nichols%20algebras | In mathematics, a Nichols algebra is a Hopf algebra in a braided category assigned to an object V in this category (e.g. a braided vector space). The Nichols algebra is a quotient of the tensor algebra of V enjoying a certain universal property and is typically infinite-dimensional. Nichols algebras appear naturally in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinhaus%20longimeter | The Steinhaus longimeter, patented by the professor Hugo Steinhaus, is an instrument used to measure the lengths of curves on maps.
Description
It is a transparent sheet of three grids, turned against each other by 30 degrees, each consisting of parallel lines spaced at equal distances 3.82 mm. The measurement is don... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20shapes%20with%20known%20packing%20constant | The packing constant of a geometric body is the largest average density achieved by packing arrangements of congruent copies of the body. For most bodies the value of the packing constant is unknown. The following is a list of bodies in Euclidean spaces whose packing constant is known. Fejes Tóth proved that in the pla... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse%20engineering | Reverse engineering (also known as backwards engineering or back engineering) is a process or method through which one attempts to understand through deductive reasoning how a previously made device, process, system, or piece of software accomplishes a task with very little (if any) insight into exactly how it does so.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lab-on-a-chip | A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a device that integrates one or several laboratory functions on a single integrated circuit (commonly called a "chip") of only millimeters to a few square centimeters to achieve automation and high-throughput screening. LOCs can handle extremely small fluid volumes down to less than pico-liters... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropology%20of%20food | Anthropology of food is a sub-discipline of anthropology that connects an ethnographic and historical perspective with contemporary social issues in food production and consumption systems.
Although early anthropological accounts often dealt with cooking and eating as part of ritual or daily life, food was rarely rega... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominal%20level | Nominal level is the operating level at which an electronic signal processing device is designed to operate. The electronic circuits that make up such equipment are limited in the maximum signal they can handle and the low-level internally generated electronic noise they add to the signal. The difference between the in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium%20in%20biology | Magnesium is an essential element in biological systems. Magnesium occurs typically as the Mg2+ ion. It is an essential mineral nutrient (i.e., element) for life and is present in every cell type in every organism. For example, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main source of energy in cells, must bind to a magnesium i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami%20UDP%20Protocol | The Tsunami UDP Protocol is a UDP-based protocol that was developed for high-speed file transfer over network paths that have a high bandwidth-delay product. Such protocols are needed because standard TCP does not perform well over paths with high bandwidth-delay products. Tsunami was developed at the Advanced Network... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrence%20plot | In descriptive statistics and chaos theory, a recurrence plot (RP) is a plot showing, for each moment in time, the times at which the state of a dynamical system returns to the previous state at ,
i.e., when the phase space trajectory visits roughly the same area in the phase space as at time . In other words, it is a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slashdot%20effect | The Slashdot effect, also known as slashdotting, occurs when a popular website links to a smaller website, causing a massive increase in traffic. This overloads the smaller site, causing it to slow down or even temporarily become unavailable. Typically, less robust sites are unable to cope with the huge increase in tra... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20computer%20algebra%20systems | The following tables provide a comparison of computer algebra systems (CAS). A CAS is a package comprising a set of algorithms for performing symbolic manipulations on algebraic objects, a language to implement them, and an environment in which to use the language. A CAS may include a user interface and graphics capabi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novel%20food | A novel food is a type of food that does not have a significant history of consumption or is produced by a method that has not previously been used for food.
Designer food
Designer food is a type of novel food that has not existed on any regional or global consumer market before. Instead it has been "designed" using b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planimeter | A planimeter, also known as a platometer, is a measuring instrument used to determine the area of an arbitrary two-dimensional shape.
Construction
There are several kinds of planimeters, but all operate in a similar way. The precise way in which they are constructed varies, with the main types of mechanical planimete... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diebold%2010xx | The Diebold 10xx (or Modular Delivery System, MDS) series is a third and fourth generation family of automated teller machines manufactured by Diebold.
History
Introduced in 1985 as a successor to the TABS 9000 series, the 10xx family of ATMs was re-styled to the "i Series" variant in 1991, the "ix Series" variant in ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responsiveness | Responsiveness as a concept of computer science refers to the specific ability of a system or functional unit to complete assigned tasks within a given time. For example, it would refer to the ability of an artificial intelligence system to understand and carry out its tasks in a timely fashion.
In the Reactive princi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersex%20%28biology%29 | Intersex is a general term for an organism that has sex characteristics that are between male and female. It typically applies to a minority of members of gonochoric animal species such as mammals (as opposed to hermaphroditic species in which the majority of members can have both male and female sex characteristics). ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Union%20food%20quality%20scandal | The European Union food quality scandal is a controversy claiming that certain food brands and items targeted at Central and Eastern European Union countries' markets are of lower quality than their exact equivalent produced for the Western European Union markets.
European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker ackn... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20%28signal%20processing%29 | In signal processing, the energy of a continuous-time signal x(t) is defined as the area under the squared magnitude of the considered signal i.e., mathematically
Unit of will be (unit of signal)2.
And the energy of a discrete-time signal x(n) is defined mathematically as
Relationship to energy in physics
Energ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure%20transmission | In computer science, secure transmission refers to the transfer of data such as confidential or proprietary information over a secure channel. Many secure transmission methods require a type of encryption. The most common email encryption is called PKI. In order to open the encrypted file, an exchange of key is done.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretchable%20electronics | Stretchable electronics, also known as elastic electronics or elastic circuits, is a group of technologies for building electronic circuits by depositing or embedding electronic devices and circuits onto stretchable substrates such as silicones or polyurethanes, to make a completed circuit that can experience large str... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic%20Census%20of%20Australian%20Plants | The Systematic census of Australian plants, with chronologic, literary and geographic annotations, more commonly known as the Systematic Census of Australian Plants, also known by its standard botanic abbreviation Syst. Census Austral. Pl., is a survey of the vascular flora of Australia prepared by Government botanist ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity%20index | The sensitivity index or discriminability index or detectability index is a dimensionless statistic used in signal detection theory. A higher index indicates that the signal can be more readily detected.
Definition
The discriminability index is the separation between the means of two distributions (typically the signa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retort%20pouch | A retort pouch or retortable pouch is a type of food packaging made from a laminate of flexible plastic and metal foils. It allows the sterile packaging of a wide variety of food and drink handled by aseptic processing, and is used as an alternative to traditional industrial canning methods. Retort pouches are used in ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sznajd%20model | The Sznajd model or United we stand, divided we fall (USDF) model is a sociophysics model introduced in 2000 to gain fundamental understanding about opinion dynamics. The Sznajd model implements a phenomenon called social validation and thus extends the Ising spin model. In simple words, the model states:
Social vali... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starch%20gelatinization | Starch gelatinization is a process of breaking down of intermolecular bonds of starch molecules in the presence of water and heat, allowing the hydrogen bonding sites (the hydroxyl hydrogen and oxygen) to engage more water. This irreversibly dissolves the starch granule in water. Water acts as a plasticizer.
Gelatiniz... |
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