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2502.09591
Censor Dependent Variational Inference
cs.LG stat.ML
This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of variational inference in latent variable models for survival analysis, emphasizing the distinctive challenges associated with applying variational methods to survival data. We identify a critical weakness in the existing methodology, demonstrating how a poorly designed ...
2502.09592
A Data-Driven Method for Microgrid System Identification: Physically Consistent Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics
eess.SY cs.SY
Microgrids (MGs) play a crucial role in utilizing distributed energy resources (DERs) like solar and wind power, enhancing the sustainability and flexibility of modern power systems. However, the inherent variability in MG topology, power flow, and DER operating modes poses significant challenges to the accurate syst...
2502.09596
KIMAs: A Configurable Knowledge Integrated Multi-Agent System
cs.AI cs.MA
Knowledge-intensive conversations supported by large language models (LLMs) have become one of the most popular and helpful applications that can assist people in different aspects. Many current knowledge-intensive applications are centered on retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) techniques. While many open-source RA...
2502.09597
Do LLMs Recognize Your Preferences? Evaluating Personalized Preference Following in LLMs
cs.LG cs.CL
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as chatbots, yet their ability to personalize responses to user preferences remains limited. We introduce PrefEval, a benchmark for evaluating LLMs' ability to infer, memorize and adhere to user preferences in a long-context conversational setting. PrefEval comprises...
2502.09598
GAIA: A Global, Multi-modal, Multi-scale Vision-Language Dataset for Remote Sensing Image Analysis
cs.CV
The continuous operation of Earth-orbiting satellites generates vast and ever-growing archives of Remote Sensing (RS) images. Natural language presents an intuitive interface for accessing, querying, and interpreting the data from such archives. However, existing Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are predominantly traine...
2502.09601
CoT-Valve: Length-Compressible Chain-of-Thought Tuning
cs.AI cs.CL
Chain-of-Thought significantly enhances a model's reasoning capability, but it also comes with a considerable increase in inference costs due to long chains. With the observation that the reasoning path can be easily compressed under easy tasks but struggle on hard tasks, we explore the feasibility of elastically con...
2502.09604
SelfCite: Self-Supervised Alignment for Context Attribution in Large Language Models
cs.CL cs.AI cs.LG
We introduce SelfCite, a novel self-supervised approach that aligns LLMs to generate high-quality, fine-grained, sentence-level citations for the statements in their generated responses. Instead of only relying on costly and labor-intensive annotations, SelfCite leverages a reward signal provided by the LLM itself th...
2502.09606
Human-LLM Coevolution: Evidence from Academic Writing
cs.CL cs.AI cs.CY cs.DL cs.LG
With a statistical analysis of arXiv paper abstracts, we report a marked drop in the frequency of several words previously identified as overused by ChatGPT, such as "delve", starting soon after they were pointed out in early 2024. The frequency of certain other words favored by ChatGPT, such as "significant", has in...
2502.09608
Instance Segmentation of Scene Sketches Using Natural Image Priors
cs.CV cs.GR
Sketch segmentation involves grouping pixels within a sketch that belong to the same object or instance. It serves as a valuable tool for sketch editing tasks, such as moving, scaling, or removing specific components. While image segmentation models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in recent years, sketches ...
2502.09609
Score-of-Mixture Training: Training One-Step Generative Models Made Simple via Score Estimation of Mixture Distributions
cs.LG cs.AI stat.ML
We propose Score-of-Mixture Training (SMT), a novel framework for training one-step generative models by minimizing a class of divergences called the $\alpha$-skew Jensen-Shannon divergence. At its core, SMT estimates the score of mixture distributions between real and fake samples across multiple noise levels. Simil...
2502.09611
Designing a Conditional Prior Distribution for Flow-Based Generative Models
cs.LG cs.CV
Flow-based generative models have recently shown impressive performance for conditional generation tasks, such as text-to-image generation. However, current methods transform a general unimodal noise distribution to a specific mode of the target data distribution. As such, every point in the initial source distributi...
2502.09613
Latent Radiance Fields with 3D-aware 2D Representations
cs.CV
Latent 3D reconstruction has shown great promise in empowering 3D semantic understanding and 3D generation by distilling 2D features into the 3D space. However, existing approaches struggle with the domain gap between 2D feature space and 3D representations, resulting in degraded rendering performance. To address thi...
2502.09614
DexTrack: Towards Generalizable Neural Tracking Control for Dexterous Manipulation from Human References
cs.RO cs.AI cs.CV cs.LG
We address the challenge of developing a generalizable neural tracking controller for dexterous manipulation from human references. This controller aims to manage a dexterous robot hand to manipulate diverse objects for various purposes defined by kinematic human-object interactions. Developing such a controller is c...
2502.09615
RigAnything: Template-Free Autoregressive Rigging for Diverse 3D Assets
cs.CV
We present RigAnything, a novel autoregressive transformer-based model, which makes 3D assets rig-ready by probabilistically generating joints, skeleton topologies, and assigning skinning weights in a template-free manner. Unlike most existing auto-rigging methods, which rely on predefined skeleton template and are l...
2502.09616
Variational Rectified Flow Matching
cs.LG cs.CV
We study Variational Rectified Flow Matching, a framework that enhances classic rectified flow matching by modeling multi-modal velocity vector-fields. At inference time, classic rectified flow matching 'moves' samples from a source distribution to the target distribution by solving an ordinary differential equation ...
2502.09617
LIFe-GoM: Generalizable Human Rendering with Learned Iterative Feedback Over Multi-Resolution Gaussians-on-Mesh
cs.CV
Generalizable rendering of an animatable human avatar from sparse inputs relies on data priors and inductive biases extracted from training on large data to avoid scene-specific optimization and to enable fast reconstruction. This raises two main challenges: First, unlike iterative gradient-based adjustment in scene-...
2502.09619
Can this Model Also Recognize Dogs? Zero-Shot Model Search from Weights
cs.LG cs.CV
With the increasing numbers of publicly available models, there are probably pretrained, online models for most tasks users require. However, current model search methods are rudimentary, essentially a text-based search in the documentation, thus users cannot find the relevant models. This paper presents ProbeLog, a ...
2502.09620
Exploring the Potential of Encoder-free Architectures in 3D LMMs
cs.CV cs.AI cs.CL
Encoder-free architectures have been preliminarily explored in the 2D visual domain, yet it remains an open question whether they can be effectively applied to 3D understanding scenarios. In this paper, we present the first comprehensive investigation into the potential of encoder-free architectures to overcome the c...
2502.09621
MME-CoT: Benchmarking Chain-of-Thought in Large Multimodal Models for Reasoning Quality, Robustness, and Efficiency
cs.CV cs.AI cs.CL
Answering questions with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its impact on Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) still lacks a systematic assessment and in-depth investigation. In this paper, we introduce MME-CoT, a specialized benchmark evaluatin...
2502.09622
Theoretical Benefit and Limitation of Diffusion Language Model
cs.LG cs.AI cs.CL stat.ML
Diffusion language models have emerged as a promising approach for text generation. One would naturally expect this method to be an efficient replacement for autoregressive models since multiple tokens can be sampled in parallel during each diffusion step. However, its efficiency-accuracy trade-off is not yet well un...
2502.09623
Embed Any NeRF: Graph Meta-Networks for Neural Tasks on Arbitrary NeRF Architectures
cs.CV
Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) have emerged as a groundbreaking paradigm for representing 3D objects and scenes by encoding shape and appearance information into the weights of a neural network. Recent works have shown how such weights can be used as input to frameworks processing them to solve deep learning tasks. Y...
2502.09624
Efficient and Trustworthy Block Propagation for Blockchain-enabled Mobile Embodied AI Networks: A Graph Resfusion Approach
cs.AI cs.CR
By synergistically integrating mobile networks and embodied artificial intelligence (AI), Mobile Embodied AI Networks (MEANETs) represent an advanced paradigm that facilitates autonomous, context-aware, and interactive behaviors within dynamic environments. Nevertheless, the rapid development of MEANETs is accompanie...
2502.09625
Transformer Based Time-Series Forecasting for Stock
q-fin.CP cs.LG
To the naked eye, stock prices are considered chaotic, dynamic, and unpredictable. Indeed, it is one of the most difficult forecasting tasks that hundreds of millions of retail traders and professional traders around the world try to do every second even before the market opens. With recent advances in the developmen...
2502.09626
On the Bias, Fairness, and Bias Mitigation for a Wearable-based Freezing of Gait Detection in Parkinson's Disease
eess.SP cs.LG
Freezing of gait (FOG) is a debilitating feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), which is a cause of injurious falls among PD patients. Recent advances in wearable-based human activity recognition (HAR) technology have enabled the detection of FOG subtypes across benchmark datasets. Since FOG manifestation is heterogene...
2502.09635
CORRECT: Context- and Reference-Augmented Reasoning and Prompting for Fact-Checking
cs.CL cs.AI
Fact-checking the truthfulness of claims usually requires reasoning over multiple evidence sentences. Oftentimes, evidence sentences may not be always self-contained, and may require additional contexts and references from elsewhere to understand coreferential expressions, acronyms, and the scope of a reported findin...
2502.09636
Reading between the Lines: Can LLMs Identify Cross-Cultural Communication Gaps?
cs.CL cs.AI
In a rapidly globalizing and digital world, content such as book and product reviews created by people from diverse cultures are read and consumed by others from different corners of the world. In this paper, we investigate the extent and patterns of gaps in understandability of book reviews due to the presence of cu...
2502.09637
Meta-Cultural Competence: Climbing the Right Hill of Cultural Awareness
cs.CY cs.AI cs.CL
Numerous recent studies have shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) are biased towards a Western and Anglo-centric worldview, which compromises their usefulness in non-Western cultural settings. However, "culture" is a complex, multifaceted topic, and its awareness, representation, and modeling in LLMs and LLM-based...
2502.09638
Jailbreaking to Jailbreak
cs.CL cs.AI
Refusal training on Large Language Models (LLMs) prevents harmful outputs, yet this defense remains vulnerable to both automated and human-crafted jailbreaks. We present a novel LLM-as-red-teamer approach in which a human jailbreaks a refusal-trained LLM to make it willing to jailbreak itself or other LLMs. We refer ...
2502.09640
Online Social Support Detection in Spanish Social Media Texts
cs.CL cs.AI
The advent of social media has transformed communication, enabling individuals to share their experiences, seek support, and participate in diverse discussions. While extensive research has focused on identifying harmful content like hate speech, the recognition and promotion of positive and supportive interactions r...
2502.09642
Krutrim LLM: Multilingual Foundational Model for over a Billion People
cs.CL cs.AI
India is a diverse society with unique challenges in developing AI systems, including linguistic diversity, oral traditions, data accessibility, and scalability. Existing foundation models are primarily trained on English, limiting their effectiveness for India's population. Indic languages comprise only 1 percent of...
2502.09644
From Argumentation to Deliberation: Perspectivized Stance Vectors for Fine-grained (Dis)agreement Analysis
cs.CL cs.AI cs.CY
Debating over conflicting issues is a necessary first step towards resolving conflicts. However, intrinsic perspectives of an arguer are difficult to overcome by persuasive argumentation skills. Proceeding from a debate to a deliberative process, where we can identify actionable options for resolving a conflict requi...
2502.09645
From No to Know: Taxonomy, Challenges, and Opportunities for Negation Understanding in Multimodal Foundation Models
cs.CL cs.AI
Negation, a linguistic construct conveying absence, denial, or contradiction, poses significant challenges for multilingual multimodal foundation models. These models excel in tasks like machine translation, text-guided generation, image captioning, audio interactions, and video processing but often struggle to accur...
2502.09646
Language Shift or Maintenance? An Intergenerational Study of the Tibetan Community in Saudi Arabia
cs.CL cs.CY
The present study provides the first-ever report on the language shift from Tibetan to Arabic among descendants of Tibetan families who migrated from the Tibet region to Saudi Arabia around 70 years ago. The aim of this study was to determine whether three age groups had adopted different practices in terms of mainta...
2502.09647
Unveiling Simplicities of Attention: Adaptive Long-Context Head Identification
cs.CL cs.LG
The ability to process long contexts is crucial for many natural language processing tasks, yet it remains a significant challenge. While substantial progress has been made in enhancing the efficiency of attention mechanisms, there is still a gap in understanding how attention heads function in long-context settings....
2502.09648
UKTA: Unified Korean Text Analyzer
cs.CL cs.AI
Evaluating writing quality is complex and time-consuming often delaying feedback to learners. While automated writing evaluation tools are effective for English, Korean automated writing evaluation tools face challenges due to their inability to address multi-view analysis, error propagation, and evaluation explainab...
2502.09649
Imit Diff: Semantics Guided Diffusion Transformer with Dual Resolution Fusion for Imitation Learning
cs.AI cs.CV cs.LG cs.RO
Visuomotor imitation learning enables embodied agents to effectively acquire manipulation skills from video demonstrations and robot proprioception. However, as scene complexity and visual distractions increase, existing methods that perform well in simple scenes tend to degrade in performance. To address this challe...
2502.09650
Principled Data Selection for Alignment: The Hidden Risks of Difficult Examples
cs.CL cs.AI cs.LG
The alignment of large language models (LLMs) often assumes that using more clean data yields better outcomes, overlooking the match between model capacity and example difficulty. Challenging this, we propose a new principle: Preference data vary in difficulty, and overly difficult examples hinder alignment, by excee...
2502.09651
AI-VERDE: A Gateway for Egalitarian Access to Large Language Model-Based Resources For Educational Institutions
cs.CL cs.CY
We present AI-VERDE, a unified LLM-as-a-platform service designed to facilitate seamless integration of commercial, cloud-hosted, and on-premise open LLMs in academic settings. AI-VERDE streamlines access management for instructional and research groups by providing features such as robust access control, privacy-pre...
2502.09652
GraphCompNet: A Position-Aware Model for Predicting and Compensating Shape Deviations in 3D Printing
cs.CV cs.LG
This paper introduces a data-driven algorithm for modeling and compensating shape deviations in additive manufacturing (AM), addressing challenges in geometric accuracy and batch production. While traditional methods, such as analytical models and metrology, laid the groundwork for geometric precision, they are often...
2502.09653
SASVi -- Segment Any Surgical Video
eess.IV cs.CV
Purpose: Foundation models, trained on multitudes of public datasets, often require additional fine-tuning or re-prompting mechanisms to be applied to visually distinct target domains such as surgical videos. Further, without domain knowledge, they cannot model the specific semantics of the target domain. Hence, when...
2502.09654
Heterogeneous Mixture of Experts for Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolution
eess.IV cs.CV
Remote sensing image super-resolution (SR) aims to reconstruct high-resolution remote sensing images from low-resolution inputs, thereby addressing limitations imposed by sensors and imaging conditions. However, the inherent characteristics of remote sensing images, including diverse ground object types and complex d...
2502.09655
Bidirectional Diffusion Bridge Models
cs.CV cs.AI
Diffusion bridges have shown potential in paired image-to-image (I2I) translation tasks. However, existing methods are limited by their unidirectional nature, requiring separate models for forward and reverse translations. This not only doubles the computational cost but also restricts their practicality. In this wor...
2502.09656
Multi-Omics Fusion with Soft Labeling for Enhanced Prediction of Distant Metastasis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients after Radiotherapy
q-bio.QM cs.CV eess.IV
Omics fusion has emerged as a crucial preprocessing approach in the field of medical image processing, providing significant assistance to several studies. One of the challenges encountered in the integration of omics data is the presence of unpredictability arising from disparities in data sources and medical imagin...
2502.09657
Integrating Spatiotemporal Vision Transformer into Digital Twins for High-Resolution Heat Stress Forecasting in Campus Environments
cs.CV
Extreme heat events exacerbated by climate change pose significant challenges to urban resilience and planning. This study introduces a climate-responsive digital twin framework integrating the Spatiotemporal Vision Transformer (ST-ViT) model to enhance heat stress forecasting and decision-making. Using a Texas campu...
2502.09658
Neuro-Conceptual Artificial Intelligence: Integrating OPM with Deep Learning to Enhance Question Answering Quality
cs.CL cs.AI
Knowledge representation and reasoning are critical challenges in Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly in integrating neural and symbolic approaches to achieve explainable and transparent AI systems. Traditional knowledge representation methods often fall short of capturing complex processes and state changes. ...
2502.09659
Cancer Vaccine Adjuvant Name Recognition from Biomedical Literature using Large Language Models
cs.CL cs.AI cs.CY
Motivation: An adjuvant is a chemical incorporated into vaccines that enhances their efficacy by improving the immune response. Identifying adjuvant names from cancer vaccine studies is essential for furthering research and enhancing immunotherapies. However, the manual curation from the constantly expanding biomedic...
2502.09660
Towards Fine-grained Interactive Segmentation in Images and Videos
cs.CV eess.IV
The recent Segment Anything Models (SAMs) have emerged as foundational visual models for general interactive segmentation. Despite demonstrating robust generalization abilities, they still suffer performance degradations in scenarios demanding accurate masks. Existing methods for high-precision interactive segmentati...
2502.09662
Generalizable Cervical Cancer Screening via Large-scale Pretraining and Test-Time Adaptation
q-bio.QM cs.CV eess.IV
Cervical cancer is a leading malignancy in female reproductive system. While AI-assisted cytology offers a cost-effective and non-invasive screening solution, current systems struggle with generalizability in complex clinical scenarios. To address this issue, we introduced Smart-CCS, a generalizable Cervical Cancer S...
2502.09663
DiffEx: Explaining a Classifier with Diffusion Models to Identify Microscopic Cellular Variations
cs.CV cs.AI cs.LG q-bio.CB
In recent years, deep learning models have been extensively applied to biological data across various modalities. Discriminative deep learning models have excelled at classifying images into categories (e.g., healthy versus diseased, treated versus untreated). However, these models are often perceived as black boxes ...
2502.09664
Image Super-Resolution with Guarantees via Conformal Generative Models
cs.CV cs.LG stat.ML
The increasing use of generative ML foundation models for image super-resolution calls for robust and interpretable uncertainty quantification methods. We address this need by presenting a novel approach based on conformal prediction techniques to create a "confidence mask" capable of reliably and intuitively communi...
2502.09665
Revealing Subtle Phenotypes in Small Microscopy Datasets Using Latent Diffusion Models
cs.CV
Identifying subtle phenotypic variations in cellular images is critical for advancing biological research and accelerating drug discovery. These variations are often masked by the inherent cellular heterogeneity, making it challenging to distinguish differences between experimental conditions. Recent advancements in ...
2502.09667
k-LLMmeans: Summaries as Centroids for Interpretable and Scalable LLM-Based Text Clustering
cs.CL cs.LG stat.ML
We introduce k-LLMmeans, a novel modification of the k-means clustering algorithm that utilizes LLMs to generate textual summaries as cluster centroids, thereby capturing contextual and semantic nuances often lost when relying on purely numerical means of document embeddings. This modification preserves the propertie...
2502.09669
Meta-INR: Efficient Encoding of Volumetric Data via Meta-Learning Implicit Neural Representation
cs.CV cs.AI cs.GR
Implicit neural representation (INR) has emerged as a promising solution for encoding volumetric data, offering continuous representations and seamless compatibility with the volume rendering pipeline. However, optimizing an INR network from randomly initialized parameters for each new volume is computationally ineff...
2502.09670
The Science of Evaluating Foundation Models
cs.CL cs.AI
The emergent phenomena of large foundation models have revolutionized natural language processing. However, evaluating these models presents significant challenges due to their size, capabilities, and deployment across diverse applications. Existing literature often focuses on individual aspects, such as benchmark pe...
2502.09672
IMM-MOT: A Novel 3D Multi-object Tracking Framework with Interacting Multiple Model Filter
cs.CV cs.RO
3D Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) provides the trajectories of surrounding objects, assisting robots or vehicles in smarter path planning and obstacle avoidance. Existing 3D MOT methods based on the Tracking-by-Detection framework typically use a single motion model to track an object throughout its entire tracking proc...
2502.09673
Are Smarter LLMs Safer? Exploring Safety-Reasoning Trade-offs in Prompting and Fine-Tuning
cs.CL cs.AI
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across various NLP benchmarks. However, excelling in complex tasks that require nuanced reasoning and precise decision-making demands more than raw language proficiency--LLMs must reason, i.e., think logically, draw from past experiences, and synthesiz...
2502.09674
The Hidden Dimensions of LLM Alignment: A Multi-Dimensional Safety Analysis
cs.CL cs.AI
Large Language Models' safety-aligned behaviors, such as refusing harmful queries, can be represented by linear directions in activation space. Previous research modeled safety behavior with a single direction, limiting mechanistic understanding to an isolated safety feature. In this work, we discover that safety-ali...
2502.09675
Multi-level Conflict-Aware Network for Multi-modal Sentiment Analysis
cs.CL cs.AI cs.LG
Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA) aims to recognize human emotions by exploiting textual, acoustic, and visual modalities, and thus how to make full use of the interactions between different modalities is a central challenge of MSA. Interaction contains alignment and conflict aspects. Current works mainly emphasize...
2502.09680
Object-Centric Latent Action Learning
cs.CV cs.AI
Leveraging vast amounts of internet video data for Embodied AI is currently bottle-necked by the lack of action annotations and the presence of action-correlated distractors. We propose a novel object-centric latent action learning approach, based on VideoSaur and LAPO, that employs self-supervised decomposition of s...
2502.09682
Lifespan tree of brain anatomy: diagnostic values for motor and cognitive neurodegenerative diseases
eess.IV cs.LG
The differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by overlapping symptoms, may be challenging. Brain imaging coupled with artificial intelligence has been previously proposed for diagnostic support, but most of these methods have been trained to discriminate only isolated diseases from controls....
2502.09683
Channel Dependence, Limited Lookback Windows, and the Simplicity of Datasets: How Biased is Time Series Forecasting?
cs.LG
Time-series forecasting research has converged to a small set of datasets and a standardized collection of evaluation scenarios. Such a standardization is to a specific extent needed for comparable research. However, the underlying assumption is, that the considered setting is a representative for the problem as a wh...
2502.09685
A Novel Hybrid Approach to Contraceptive Demand Forecasting: Integrating Point Predictions with Probabilistic Distributions
cs.LG stat.AP stat.ME
Accurate demand forecasting is vital for ensuring reliable access to contraceptive products, supporting key processes like procurement, inventory, and distribution. However, forecasting contraceptive demand in developing countries presents challenges, including incomplete data, poor data quality, and the need to acco...
2502.09686
Leveraging Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Improved Pathological Staging of Prostate Cancer
cs.LG
Prostate cancer (Pca) continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men, and the limitations in precision of traditional diagnostic methods such as the Digital Rectal Exam (DRE), Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) testing, and biopsies underscore the critical importance of accurate staging detection in ...
2502.09687
Mind What You Ask For: Emotional and Rational Faces of Persuasion by Large Language Models
cs.CL cs.AI cs.HC
Be careful what you ask for, you just might get it. This saying fits with the way large language models (LLMs) are trained, which, instead of being rewarded for correctness, are increasingly rewarded for pleasing the recipient. So, they are increasingly effective at persuading us that their answers are valuable. But ...
2502.09688
Towards Virtual Clinical Trials of Radiology AI with Conditional Generative Modeling
cs.CV cs.AI cs.LG
Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to transform healthcare by enabling personalized and efficient care through data-driven insights. Although radiology is at the forefront of AI adoption, in practice, the potential of AI models is often overshadowed by severe failures to generalize: AI models can have performance...
2502.09689
Large Language Models and Provenance Metadata for Determining the Relevance of Images and Videos in News Stories
cs.CL cs.CV cs.CY
The most effective misinformation campaigns are multimodal, often combining text with images and videos taken out of context -- or fabricating them entirely -- to support a given narrative. Contemporary methods for detecting misinformation, whether in deepfakes or text articles, often miss the interplay between multi...
2502.09690
Trust at Your Own Peril: A Mixed Methods Exploration of the Ability of Large Language Models to Generate Expert-Like Systems Engineering Artifacts and a Characterization of Failure Modes
cs.CL cs.AI
Multi-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs), a subset of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), have recently made significant progress. While expectations for LLMs to assist systems engineering (SE) tasks are paramount; the interdisciplinary and complex nature of systems, along with the need to synthesize deep-doma...
2502.09692
NeuralCFD: Deep Learning on High-Fidelity Automotive Aerodynamics Simulations
cs.LG cs.AI
Recent advancements in neural operator learning are paving the way for transformative innovations in fields such as automotive aerodynamics. However, key challenges must be overcome before neural network-based simulation surrogates can be implemented at an industry scale. First, surrogates must become scalable to lar...
2502.09695
Power System Electromagnetic Transient Stability: an Analysis Based on Convergent Hamiltonian
eess.SY cs.SY
Transient stability is crucial to the reliable operation of power systems. Existing theories rely on the simplified electromechanical models, substituting the detailed electromagnetic dynamics of inductor and capacitor with their impedance representations. However, this simplification is inadequate for the growing pe...
2502.09696
ZeroBench: An Impossible Visual Benchmark for Contemporary Large Multimodal Models
cs.CV
Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) exhibit major shortfalls when interpreting images and, by some measures, have poorer spatial cognition than small children or animals. Despite this, they attain high scores on many popular visual benchmarks, with headroom rapidly eroded by an ongoing surge of model progress. To address ...
2502.09704
Iterative quantum optimisation with a warm-started quantum state
quant-ph cond-mat.dis-nn cs.LG math.OC physics.comp-ph
We provide a method to prepare a warm-started quantum state from measurements with an iterative framework to enhance the quantum approximate optimisation algorithm (QAOA). The numerical simulations show the method can effectively address the "stuck issue" of the standard QAOA using a single-string warm-started initia...
2502.09715
Evaluating GPT's Capability in Identifying Stages of Cognitive Impairment from Electronic Health Data
cs.LG cs.AI cs.CL
Identifying cognitive impairment within electronic health records (EHRs) is crucial not only for timely diagnoses but also for facilitating research. Information about cognitive impairment often exists within unstructured clinician notes in EHRs, but manual chart reviews are both time-consuming and error-prone. To ad...
2502.09717
Carbon- and Precedence-Aware Scheduling for Data Processing Clusters
cs.DC cs.CY cs.SY eess.SY
As large-scale data processing workloads continue to grow, their carbon footprint raises concerns. Prior research on carbon-aware schedulers has focused on shifting computation to align with availability of low-carbon energy, but these approaches assume that each task can be executed independently. In contrast, data ...
2502.09720
NestQuant: Nested Lattice Quantization for Matrix Products and LLMs
cs.LG cs.AI cs.IT math.IT
Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a critical technique for efficient deployment of large language models (LLMs). This work proposes NestQuant, a novel PTQ scheme for weights and activations that is based on self-similar nested lattices. Recent work have mathematically shown such quantizers to be informa...
2502.09723
Making Them a Malicious Database: Exploiting Query Code to Jailbreak Aligned Large Language Models
cs.CR cs.AI cs.CL
Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in the field of natural language processing. Unfortunately, LLMs face significant security and ethical risks. Although techniques such as safety alignment are developed for defense, prior researches reveal the possibility of bypass...
2502.09724
Navigating the Social Welfare Frontier: Portfolios for Multi-objective Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
In many real-world applications of reinforcement learning (RL), deployed policies have varied impacts on different stakeholders, creating challenges in reaching consensus on how to effectively aggregate their preferences. Generalized $p$-means form a widely used class of social welfare functions for this purpose, wit...
2502.09728
Perch like a bird: bio-inspired optimal maneuvers and nonlinear control for Flapping-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
eess.SY cs.RO cs.SY math.OC
This research endeavors to design the perching maneuver and control in ornithopter robots. By analyzing the dynamic interplay between the robot's flight dynamics, feedback loops, and the environmental constraints, we aim to advance our understanding of the perching maneuver, drawing parallels to biological systems. I...
2502.09731
A CNN Approach to Automated Detection and Classification of Brain Tumors
cs.CV cs.AI
Brain tumors require an assessment to ensure timely diagnosis and effective patient treatment. Morphological factors such as size, location, texture, and variable appearance complicate tumor inspection. Medical imaging presents challenges, including noise and incomplete images. This research article presents a method...
2502.09741
FoNE: Precise Single-Token Number Embeddings via Fourier Features
cs.CL cs.LG
Large Language Models (LLMs) typically represent numbers using multiple tokens, which requires the model to aggregate these tokens to interpret numerical values. This fragmentation makes both training and inference less efficient and adversely affects the model's performance on number-related tasks. Inspired by the o...
2502.09743
Partial Colexifications Improve Concept Embeddings
cs.CL
While the embedding of words has revolutionized the field of Natural Language Processing, the embedding of concepts has received much less attention so far. A dense and meaningful representation of concepts, however, could prove useful for several tasks in computational linguistics, especially those involving cross-l...
2502.09744
Fine-Tuning Foundation Models with Federated Learning for Privacy Preserving Medical Time Series Forecasting
cs.LG cs.CR
Federated Learning (FL) provides a decentralized machine learning approach, where multiple devices or servers collaboratively train a model without sharing their raw data, thus enabling data privacy. This approach has gained significant interest in academia and industry due to its privacy-preserving properties, which...
2502.09747
The Widespread Adoption of Large Language Model-Assisted Writing Across Society
cs.CL
The recent advances in large language models (LLMs) attracted significant public and policymaker interest in its adoption patterns. In this paper, we systematically analyze LLM-assisted writing across four domains-consumer complaints, corporate communications, job postings, and international organization press releas...
2502.09748
Contracting Strategies for Electrolyzers to Secure Grid Connection: The Dutch Case
math.OC cs.SY eess.SY
In response to increasing grid congestion in the Netherlands, non-firm connection and transport agreements (CTAs) and capacity restriction contracts (CRCs) have been introduced, allowing consumer curtailment in exchange for grid tariff discounts or per-MW compensations. This study examines the interaction between an ...
2502.09749
Vote-Tree-Planner: Optimizing Execution Order in LLM-based Task Planning Pipeline via Voting
cs.RO cs.AI
Integrating large language models (LLMs) into closed-loop robotic task planning has become increasingly popular within embodied artificial intelligence. Previous efforts mainly focused on leveraging the strong reasoning abilities of LLMs to enhance task planning performance while often overlooking task planning effic...
2502.09755
Enhancing Jailbreak Attacks via Compliance-Refusal-Based Initialization
cs.CR cs.LG
Jailbreak attacks aim to exploit large language models (LLMs) and pose a significant threat to their proper conduct; they seek to bypass models' safeguards and often provoke transgressive behaviors. However, existing automatic jailbreak attacks require extensive computational resources and are prone to converge on su...
2502.09757
The AI-Therapist Duo: Exploring the Potential of Human-AI Collaboration in Personalized Art Therapy for PICS Intervention
cs.HC cs.AI
Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) is a multifaceted condition that arises from prolonged stays in an intensive care unit (ICU). While preventing PICS among ICU patients is becoming increasingly important, interventions remain limited. Building on evidence supporting the effectiveness of art exposure in addressing t...
2502.09762
Adaptive Teaming in Multi-Drone Pursuit: Simulation, Training, and Deployment
cs.RO cs.AI
Adaptive teaming, the ability to collaborate with unseen teammates without prior coordination, remains an underexplored challenge in multi-robot collaboration. This paper focuses on adaptive teaming in multi-drone cooperative pursuit, a critical task with real-world applications such as border surveillance, search-an...
2502.09765
Differential Adjusted Parity for Learning Fair Representations
cs.LG cs.AI
The development of fair and unbiased machine learning models remains an ongoing objective for researchers in the field of artificial intelligence. We introduce the Differential Adjusted Parity (DAP) loss to produce unbiased informative representations. It utilises a differentiable variant of the adjusted parity metri...
2502.09767
Non-Markovian Discrete Diffusion with Causal Language Models
cs.LG cs.AI cs.CL
Discrete diffusion models have emerged as a flexible and controllable paradigm for structured sequence modeling, yet they still lag behind causal language models in expressiveness. To bridge the gap between two paradigms, we introduce CaDDi, a causal discrete diffusion model that unifies sequential and temporal model...
2502.09768
Complex Network Modelling with Power-law Activating Patterns and Its Evolutionary Dynamics
cs.SI physics.soc-ph
Complex network theory provides a unifying framework for the study of structured dynamic systems. The current literature emphasizes a widely reported phenomenon of intermittent interaction among network vertices. In this paper, we introduce a complex network model that considers the stochastic switching of individual...
2502.09775
CellFlow: Simulating Cellular Morphology Changes via Flow Matching
q-bio.QM cs.CV cs.LG q-bio.BM q-bio.CB
Building a virtual cell capable of accurately simulating cellular behaviors in silico has long been a dream in computational biology. We introduce CellFlow, an image-generative model that simulates cellular morphology changes induced by chemical and genetic perturbations using flow matching. Unlike prior methods, Cel...
2502.09777
On the existence of EFX allocations in multigraphs
cs.GT cs.AI
We study the problem of "fairly" dividing indivisible goods to several agents that have valuation set functions over the sets of goods. As fair we consider the allocations that are envy-free up to any good (EFX), i.e., no agent envies any proper subset of the goods given to any other agent. The existence or not of EF...
2502.09778
Prompt and circumstance: A word-by-word LLM prompting approach to interlinear glossing for low-resource languages
cs.CL
Partly automated creation of interlinear glossed text (IGT) has the potential to assist in linguistic documentation. We argue that LLMs can make this process more accessible to linguists because of their capacity to follow natural-language instructions. We investigate the effectiveness of a retrieval-based LLM prompt...
2502.09779
Automated Muscle and Fat Segmentation in Computed Tomography for Comprehensive Body Composition Analysis
eess.IV cs.CV
Body composition assessment using CT images can potentially be used for a number of clinical applications, including the prognostication of cardiovascular outcomes, evaluation of metabolic health, monitoring of disease progression, assessment of nutritional status, prediction of treatment response in oncology, and ri...
2502.09780
Incentivize without Bonus: Provably Efficient Model-based Online Multi-agent RL for Markov Games
cs.LG cs.AI cs.GT math.OC
Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) lies at the heart of a plethora of applications involving the interaction of a group of agents in a shared unknown environment. A prominent framework for studying MARL is Markov games, with the goal of finding various notions of equilibria in a sample-efficient manner, such a...
2502.09781
Medical Applications of Graph Convolutional Networks Using Electronic Health Records: A Survey
cs.LG
Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have emerged as a promising approach to machine learning on Electronic Health Records (EHRs). By constructing a graph representation of patient data and performing convolutions on neighborhoods of nodes, GCNs can capture complex relationships and extract meaningful insights to supp...
2502.09782
Improving Acoustic Side-Channel Attacks on Keyboards Using Transformers and Large Language Models
cs.LG cs.AI cs.CL eess.AS
The increasing prevalence of microphones in everyday devices and the growing reliance on online services have amplified the risk of acoustic side-channel attacks (ASCAs) targeting keyboards. This study explores deep learning techniques, specifically vision transformers (VTs) and large language models (LLMs), to enhan...
2502.09787
TableTalk: Scaffolding Spreadsheet Development with a Language Agent
cs.SE cs.AI cs.HC
Despite its ubiquity in the workforce, spreadsheet programming remains challenging as programmers need both spreadsheet-specific knowledge (e.g., APIs to write formulas) and problem-solving skills to create complex spreadsheets. Large language models (LLMs) can help automate aspects of this process, and recent advanc...
2502.09790
ExoMiner++ on TESS with Transfer Learning from Kepler: Transit Classification and Vetting Catalog for 2-min Data
astro-ph.EP astro-ph.IM cs.LG
We present ExoMiner++, an enhanced deep learning model that builds on the success of ExoMiner to improve transit signal classification in 2-minute TESS data. ExoMiner++ incorporates additional diagnostic inputs, including periodogram, flux trend, difference image, unfolded flux, and spacecraft attitude control data, ...
2502.09791
Atom identification in bilayer moire materials with Gomb-Net
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.CV
Moire patterns in van der Waals bilayer materials complicate the analysis of atomic-resolution images, hindering the atomic-scale insight typically attainable with scanning transmission electron microscopy. Here, we report a method to detect the positions and identity of atoms in each of the individual layers that co...