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2502.10012
Dream to Drive: Model-Based Vehicle Control Using Analytic World Models
cs.AI cs.RO
Differentiable simulators have recently shown great promise for training autonomous vehicle controllers. Being able to backpropagate through them, they can be placed into an end-to-end training loop where their known dynamics turn into useful priors for the policy to learn, removing the typical black box assumption o...
2502.10013
Probabilistic Lexical Manifold Construction in Large Language Models via Hierarchical Vector Field Interpolation
cs.CL
Hierarchical vector field interpolation introduces a structured probabilistic framework for lexical representation, ensuring that word embeddings transition smoothly across a continuous manifold rather than being constrained to discrete token mappings. The proposed methodology constructs a probabilistic function spac...
2502.10014
Recovering nonlinear dynamics from non-uniform observations: A physics-based identification approach with practical case studies
eess.SY cs.SY
Uniform and smooth data collection is often infeasible in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we propose an identification framework to effectively handle the so-called non-uniform observations, i.e., data scenarios that include missing measurements, multiple runs, or aggregated observations. The goal is to provide ...
2502.10019
A Differential Equation Approach to the Most-Informative Boolean Function Conjecture
cs.IT math.IT
We study the most-informative Boolean function conjecture using a differential equation approach. This leads to a formulation of a functional inequality on finite-dimensional random variables. We also develop a similar inequality in the case of the Hellinger conjecture. Finally, we conjecture a specific finite dimens...
2502.10020
Improved Online Confidence Bounds for Multinomial Logistic Bandits
stat.ML cs.LG
In this paper, we propose an improved online confidence bound for multinomial logistic (MNL) models and apply this result to MNL bandits, achieving variance-dependent optimal regret. Recently, Lee & Oh (2024) established an online confidence bound for MNL models and achieved nearly minimax-optimal regret in MNL bandi...
2502.10027
Heterogeneous Resource Allocation with Multi-task Learning for Wireless Networks
cs.LG
The optimal solution to an optimization problem depends on the problem's objective function, constraints, and size. While deep neural networks (DNNs) have proven effective in solving optimization problems, changes in the problem's size, objectives, or constraints often require adjustments to the DNN architecture to m...
2502.10028
ManiTrend: Bridging Future Generation and Action Prediction with 3D Flow for Robotic Manipulation
cs.CV cs.RO
Language-conditioned manipulation is a vital but challenging robotic task due to the high-level abstraction of language. To address this, researchers have sought improved goal representations derived from natural language. In this paper, we highlight 3D flow - representing the motion trend of 3D particles within a sc...
2502.10038
POI-Enhancer: An LLM-based Semantic Enhancement Framework for POI Representation Learning
cs.AI
POI representation learning plays a crucial role in handling tasks related to user mobility data. Recent studies have shown that enriching POI representations with multimodal information can significantly enhance their task performance. Previously, the textual information incorporated into POI representations typical...
2502.10040
Diffusion Trajectory-guided Policy for Long-horizon Robot Manipulation
cs.RO
Recently, Vision-Language-Action models (VLA) have advanced robot imitation learning, but high data collection costs and limited demonstrations hinder generalization and current imitation learning methods struggle in out-of-distribution scenarios, especially for long-horizon tasks. A key challenge is how to mitigate ...
2502.10042
Scaling Law Tradeoff Between Throughput and Sensing Distance in Large ISAC Networks
cs.IT math.IT
In this paper, we investigate the fundamental tradeoff between communication and sensing performance of \emph{ad hoc} integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) wireless networks. Specifically, we consider that $n$ nodes are randomly located in an extended network with area $n$ and transmit ISAC signals. Under the p...
2502.10044
Unsupervised Entity Alignment Based on Personalized Discriminative Rooted Tree
cs.AI
Entity Alignment (EA) is to link potential equivalent entities across different knowledge graphs (KGs). Most existing EA methods are supervised as they require the supervision of seed alignments, i.e., manually specified aligned entity pairs. Very recently, several EA studies have made some attempts to get rid of see...
2502.10046
ViRAC: A Vision-Reasoning Agent Head Movement Control Framework in Arbitrary Virtual Environments
cs.GR cs.CV
Creating lifelike virtual agents capable of interacting with their environments is a longstanding goal in computer graphics. This paper addresses the challenge of generating natural head rotations, a critical aspect of believable agent behavior for visual information gathering and dynamic responses to environmental c...
2502.10047
Janus: Collaborative Vision Transformer Under Dynamic Network Environment
cs.DC cs.AI
Vision Transformers (ViTs) have outperformed traditional Convolutional Neural Network architectures and achieved state-of-the-art results in various computer vision tasks. Since ViTs are computationally expensive, the models either have to be pruned to run on resource-limited edge devices only or have to be executed ...
2502.10050
A Survey on LLM-powered Agents for Recommender Systems
cs.IR cs.AI
Recommender systems are essential components of many online platforms, yet traditional approaches still struggle with understanding complex user preferences and providing explainable recommendations. The emergence of Large Language Model (LLM)-powered agents offers a promising approach by enabling natural language in...
2502.10051
ORI: O Routing Intelligence
cs.CL
Single large language models (LLMs) often fall short when faced with the ever-growing range of tasks, making a single-model approach insufficient. We address this challenge by proposing ORI (O Routing Intelligence), a dynamic framework that leverages a set of LLMs. By intelligently routing incoming queries to the mos...
2502.10054
Towards Polyp Counting In Full-Procedure Colonoscopy Videos
cs.CV
Automated colonoscopy reporting holds great potential for enhancing quality control and improving cost-effectiveness of colonoscopy procedures. A major challenge lies in the automated identification, tracking, and re-association (ReID) of polyps tracklets across full-procedure colonoscopy videos. This is essential fo...
2502.10057
A Generalized Modeling Approach to Liquid-driven Ballooning Membranes
cs.RO
Soft robotics is advancing the use of flexible materials for adaptable robotic systems. Membrane-actuated soft robots address the limitations of traditional soft robots by using pressurized, extensible membranes to achieve stable, large deformations, yet control and state estimation remain challenging due to their co...
2502.10058
MTLM: an Innovative Language Model Training Paradigm for ASR
cs.CL eess.AS
Pre-training Transformer-based language models (LMs) on a large amount of text has proven crucial for improving automatic speech recognition (ASR) performance. Generally, traditional LMs are unidirectional and unable to access the context on the right. This paper proposes a method for training LMs that enable traditi...
2502.10059
RealCam-I2V: Real-World Image-to-Video Generation with Interactive Complex Camera Control
cs.CV
Recent advancements in camera-trajectory-guided image-to-video generation offer higher precision and better support for complex camera control compared to text-based approaches. However, they also introduce significant usability challenges, as users often struggle to provide precise camera parameters when working wit...
2502.10060
DiSciPLE: Learning Interpretable Programs for Scientific Visual Discovery
cs.CV cs.LG
Visual data is used in numerous different scientific workflows ranging from remote sensing to ecology. As the amount of observation data increases, the challenge is not just to make accurate predictions but also to understand the underlying mechanisms for those predictions. Good interpretation is important in scienti...
2502.10061
Annotating Compositionality Scores for Irish Noun Compounds is Hard Work
cs.CL
Noun compounds constitute a challenging construction for NLP applications, given their variability in idiomaticity and interpretation. In this paper, we present an analysis of compound nouns identified in Irish text of varied domains by expert annotators, focusing on compositionality as a key feature, but also domain...
2502.10062
Adaptive Bi-Level Multi-Robot Task Allocation and Learning under Uncertainty with Temporal Logic Constraints
cs.RO cs.AI cs.FL
This work addresses the problem of multi-robot coordination under unknown robot transition models, ensuring that tasks specified by Time Window Temporal Logic are satisfied with user-defined probability thresholds. We present a bi-level framework that integrates (i) high-level task allocation, where tasks are assigne...
2502.10063
Strassen Multisystolic Array Hardware Architectures
cs.AR cs.AI cs.PF
While Strassen's matrix multiplication algorithm reduces the complexity of naive matrix multiplication, general-purpose hardware is not suitable for achieving the algorithm's promised theoretical speedups. This leaves the question of if it could be better exploited in custom hardware architectures designed specifical...
2502.10064
Hands-off Image Editing: Language-guided Editing without any Task-specific Labeling, Masking or even Training
cs.CL cs.CV
Instruction-guided image editing consists in taking an image and an instruction and deliverring that image altered according to that instruction. State-of-the-art approaches to this task suffer from the typical scaling up and domain adaptation hindrances related to supervision as they eventually resort to some kind o...
2502.10070
Topological Neural Networks over the Air
cs.IT cs.LG math.IT
Topological neural networks (TNNs) are information processing architectures that model representations from data lying over topological spaces (e.g., simplicial or cell complexes) and allow for decentralized implementation through localized communications over different neighborhoods. Existing TNN architectures have ...
2502.10072
LifeSaver: Predictive Load Limit Estimation for Transport Vehicles in Hilly Areas
eess.SY cs.SY
The transportation of essential goods in mountainous regions faces severe logistical challenges and frequent disruptions. To mitigate these difficulties, transport companies often overload trucks, which, though cost-saving, significantly heightens the risk of accidents and mechanical failures. This paper presents the...
2502.10076
Classification of Temporal Graphs using Persistent Homology
cs.LG cs.CG math.AT
Temporal graphs effectively model dynamic systems by representing interactions as timestamped edges. However, analytical tools for temporal graphs are limited compared to static graphs. We propose a novel method for analyzing temporal graphs using Persistent Homology. Our approach leverages $\delta$-temporal motifs (...
2502.10077
Towards Empowerment Gain through Causal Structure Learning in Model-Based RL
cs.AI cs.LG
In Model-Based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL), incorporating causal structures into dynamics models provides agents with a structured understanding of the environments, enabling efficient decision. Empowerment as an intrinsic motivation enhances the ability of agents to actively control their environments by maximizin...
2502.10080
Coordinated control of multiple autonomous surface vehicles: challenges and advances -- a systematic review
cs.RO cs.SY eess.SY
The increasing use and implementation of Autonomous Surface Vessels (ASVs) for various activities in maritime environments is expected to drive a rise in developments and research on their control. Particularly, the coordination of multiple ASVs presents novel challenges and opportunities, requiring interdisciplinary...
2502.10089
A Hybrid Edge Classifier: Combining TinyML-Optimised CNN with RRAM-CMOS ACAM for Energy-Efficient Inference
cs.LG cs.AI cs.AR
In recent years, the development of smart edge computing systems to process information locally is on the rise. Many near-sensor machine learning (ML) approaches have been implemented to introduce accurate and energy efficient template matching operations in resource-constrained edge sensing systems, such as wearable...
2502.10090
Manual2Skill: Learning to Read Manuals and Acquire Robotic Skills for Furniture Assembly Using Vision-Language Models
cs.RO cs.AI
Humans possess an extraordinary ability to understand and execute complex manipulation tasks by interpreting abstract instruction manuals. For robots, however, this capability remains a substantial challenge, as they cannot interpret abstract instructions and translate them into executable actions. In this paper, we ...
2502.10091
ELAA-ISAC: Environmental Mapping Utilizing the LoS State of Communication Channel
cs.IT eess.SP math.IT
In this paper, a novel environmental mapping method is proposed to outline the indoor layout utilizing the line-of-sight (LoS) state information of extremely large aperture array (ELAA) channels. It leverages the spatial resolution provided by ELAA and the mobile terminal (MT)'s mobility to infer the presence and loc...
2502.10092
A novel approach to data generation in generative model
cs.LG cs.AI
Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) and other generative models are widely employed in artificial intelligence to synthesize new data. However, current approaches rely on Euclidean geometric assumptions and statistical approximations that fail to capture the structured and emergent nature of data generation. This paper i...
2502.10095
Representation Learning on Out of Distribution in Tabular Data
cs.LG
The open-world assumption in model development suggests that a model might lack sufficient information to adequately handle data that is entirely distinct or out of distribution (OOD). While deep learning methods have shown promising results in handling OOD data through generalization techniques, they often require s...
2502.10097
Causal Information Prioritization for Efficient Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI cs.LG
Current Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods often suffer from sample-inefficiency, resulting from blind exploration strategies that neglect causal relationships among states, actions, and rewards. Although recent causal approaches aim to address this problem, they lack grounded modeling of reward-guided causal unders...
2502.10100
Statistical data analysis for Tourism in Poland in R Programming Environment
math.NA cs.CE cs.ET cs.NA cs.PL
This study utilises the R programming language for statistical data analysis to understand Tourism dynamics in Poland. It focuses on methods for data visualisation, multivariate statistics, and hypothesis testing. To investigate the expenditure behavior of tourist, spending patterns, correlations, and associations am...
2502.10106
Data-Adaptive Low-Rank Sparse Subspace Clustering
cs.LG
Low-rank sparse subspace clustering (LRSSC) algorithms built on self-expressive model effectively capture both the global and local structure of the data. However, existing solutions, primarily based on proximal operators associated with Sp/Lp , p e {0, 1/2, 2/3, 1}, norms are not data-adaptive. In this work, we prop...
2502.10108
NeuroXVocal: Detection and Explanation of Alzheimer's Disease through Non-invasive Analysis of Picture-prompted Speech
cs.LG q-bio.NC
The early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) through non invasive methods remains a significant healthcare challenge. We present NeuroXVocal, a novel dual-component system that not only classifies but also explains potential AD cases through speech analysis. The classification component (Neuro) processes three dis...
2502.10111
COMBINEX: A Unified Counterfactual Explainer for Graph Neural Networks via Node Feature and Structural Perturbations
cs.LG
Counterfactual explanations have emerged as a powerful tool to unveil the opaque decision-making processes of graph neural networks (GNNs). However, existing techniques primarily focus on edge modifications, often overlooking the crucial role of node feature perturbations in shaping model predictions. To address this...
2502.10112
Accelerometry-based Energy Expenditure Estimation During Activities of Daily Living: A Comparison Among Different Accelerometer Compositions
cs.LG
Physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) can be measured from breath-by-breath respiratory data, which can serve as a reference. Alternatively, PAEE can be predicted from the body movements, which can be measured and estimated with accelerometers. The body center of mass (COM) acceleration reflects the movements o...
2502.10113
Strain-Induced Optical and Molecular Transformations in PET Films for Organic Electronic Applications
physics.app-ph cs.SY eess.SY physics.optics
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films are widely used in flexible electronics and optoelectronics, where their mechanical durability and optical performance under strain are essential for device reliability. This study investigates the impact of applied mechanical strain on the optical and molecular properties of ...
2502.10118
Image Embedding Sampling Method for Diverse Captioning
cs.CV cs.AI
Image Captioning for state-of-the-art VLMs has significantly improved over time; however, this comes at the cost of increased computational complexity, making them less accessible for resource-constrained applications such as mobile devices and assistive technologies. Alternatively, smaller VLMs prioritize high-level...
2502.10119
SeWA: Selective Weight Average via Probabilistic Masking
cs.LG
Weight averaging has become a standard technique for enhancing model performance. However, methods such as Stochastic Weight Averaging (SWA) and Latest Weight Averaging (LAWA) often require manually designed procedures to sample from the training trajectory, and the results depend heavily on hyperparameter tuning. To...
2502.10120
Compress image to patches for Vision Transformer
cs.CV
The Vision Transformer (ViT) has made significant strides in the field of computer vision. However, as the depth of the model and the resolution of the input images increase, the computational cost associated with training and running ViT models has surged dramatically. This paper proposes a hybrid model based on CNN...
2502.10122
Modern Hopfield Networks with Continuous-Time Memories
cs.LG
Recent research has established a connection between modern Hopfield networks (HNs) and transformer attention heads, with guarantees of exponential storage capacity. However, these models still face challenges scaling storage efficiently. Inspired by psychological theories of continuous neural resource allocation in ...
2502.10125
Learning Relational Tabular Data without Shared Features
cs.LG cs.AI
Learning relational tabular data has gained significant attention recently, but most studies focus on single tables, overlooking the potential of cross-table learning. Cross-table learning, especially in scenarios where tables lack shared features and pre-aligned data, offers vast opportunities but also introduces su...
2502.10127
Leveraging V2X for Collaborative HD Maps Construction Using Scene Graph Generation
cs.CV
High-Definition (HD) maps play a crucial role in autonomous vehicle navigation, complementing onboard perception sensors for improved accuracy and safety. Traditional HD map generation relies on dedicated mapping vehicles, which are costly and fail to capture real-time infrastructure changes. This paper presents HDMa...
2502.10138
Provably Efficient RL under Episode-Wise Safety in Constrained MDPs with Linear Function Approximation
cs.LG
We study the reinforcement learning (RL) problem in a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP), where an agent explores the environment to maximize the expected cumulative reward while satisfying a single constraint on the expected total utility value in every episode. While this problem is well understood in the t...
2502.10140
Small Models, Big Impact: Efficient Corpus and Graph-Based Adaptation of Small Multilingual Language Models for Low-Resource Languages
cs.CL
Low-resource languages (LRLs) face significant challenges in natural language processing (NLP) due to limited data. While current state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) still struggle with LRLs, smaller multilingual models (mLMs) such as mBERT and XLM-R offer greater promise due to a better fit of their capaci...
2502.10141
Pangraphs as models of higher-order interactions
physics.soc-ph cs.SI math.CO q-bio.MN q-bio.PE
Graphs depict pairwise relationships between objects within a system. Higher-order interactions (HOIs), which involve more than two objects simultaneously, are common in nature. Such interactions can change the stability of a complex system. Hypergraphs can represent an HOI as an arbitrary subset of vertices. However...
2502.10145
Interpretable Concept-based Deep Learning Framework for Multimodal Human Behavior Modeling
cs.CV cs.MM
In the contemporary era of intelligent connectivity, Affective Computing (AC), which enables systems to recognize, interpret, and respond to human behavior states, has become an integrated part of many AI systems. As one of the most critical components of responsible AI and trustworthiness in all human-centered syste...
2502.10148
Cooperative Multi-Agent Planning with Adaptive Skill Synthesis
cs.AI cs.MA
Despite much progress in training distributed artificial intelligence (AI), building cooperative multi-agent systems with multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) faces challenges in sample efficiency, interpretability, and transferability. Unlike traditional learning-based methods that require extensive interaction...
2502.10151
Semantica: Decentralized Search using a LLM-Guided Semantic Tree Overlay
cs.IR cs.DC cs.NI cs.SY eess.SY
Centralized search engines are key for the Internet, but lead to undesirable concentration of power. Decentralized alternatives fail to offer equal document retrieval accuracy and speed. Nevertheless, Semantic Overlay Networks can come close to the performance of centralized solutions when the semantics of documents ...
2502.10154
Video Soundtrack Generation by Aligning Emotions and Temporal Boundaries
cs.SD cs.AI cs.LG cs.MM eess.AS eess.IV
We introduce EMSYNC, a video-based symbolic music generation model that aligns music with a video's emotional content and temporal boundaries. It follows a two-stage framework, where a pretrained video emotion classifier extracts emotional features, and a conditional music generator produces MIDI sequences guided by ...
2502.10156
MonoForce: Learnable Image-conditioned Physics Engine
cs.RO cs.CV
We propose a novel model for the prediction of robot trajectories on rough offroad terrain from the onboard camera images. This model enforces the laws of classical mechanics through a physics-aware neural symbolic layer while preserving the ability to learn from large-scale data as it is end-to-end differentiable. T...
2502.10157
SessionRec: Next Session Prediction Paradigm For Generative Sequential Recommendation
cs.IR cs.AI
We introduce SessionRec, a novel next-session prediction paradigm (NSPP) for generative sequential recommendation, addressing the fundamental misalignment between conventional next-item prediction paradigm (NIPP) and real-world recommendation scenarios. Unlike NIPP's item-level autoregressive generation that contradi...
2502.10158
Combinatorial Reinforcement Learning with Preference Feedback
stat.ML cs.LG
In this paper, we consider combinatorial reinforcement learning with preference feedback, where a learning agent sequentially offers an action--an assortment of multiple items to--a user, whose preference feedback follows a multinomial logistic (MNL) model. This framework allows us to model real-world scenarios, part...
2502.10162
Revisiting Generalization Power of a DNN in Terms of Symbolic Interactions
cs.LG cs.AI cs.CL cs.CV
This paper aims to analyze the generalization power of deep neural networks (DNNs) from the perspective of interactions. Unlike previous analysis of a DNN's generalization power in a highdimensional feature space, we find that the generalization power of a DNN can be explained as the generalization power of the inter...
2502.10163
Enhancing anomaly detection with topology-aware autoencoders
hep-ph cs.LG hep-ex
Anomaly detection in high-energy physics is essential for identifying new physics beyond the Standard Model. Autoencoders provide a signal-agnostic approach but are limited by the topology of their latent space. This work explores topology-aware autoencoders, embedding phase-space distributions onto compact manifolds...
2502.10173
Agentic End-to-End De Novo Protein Design for Tailored Dynamics Using a Language Diffusion Model
q-bio.BM cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG
Proteins are dynamic molecular machines whose biological functions, spanning enzymatic catalysis, signal transduction, and structural adaptation, are intrinsically linked to their motions. Designing proteins with targeted dynamic properties, however, remains a challenge due to the complex, degenerate relationships be...
2502.10174
Technical Risks of (Lethal) Autonomous Weapons Systems
cs.CY cs.AI cs.SY eess.SY
The autonomy and adaptability of (Lethal) Autonomous Weapons Systems, (L)AWS in short, promise unprecedented operational capabilities, but they also introduce profound risks that challenge the principles of control, accountability, and stability in international security. This report outlines the key technological ri...
2502.10177
STMA: A Spatio-Temporal Memory Agent for Long-Horizon Embodied Task Planning
cs.AI
A key objective of embodied intelligence is enabling agents to perform long-horizon tasks in dynamic environments while maintaining robust decision-making and adaptability. To achieve this goal, we propose the Spatio-Temporal Memory Agent (STMA), a novel framework designed to enhance task planning and execution by in...
2502.10178
From Markov to Laplace: How Mamba In-Context Learns Markov Chains
cs.LG cs.AI cs.IT math.IT
While transformer-based language models have driven the AI revolution thus far, their computational complexity has spurred growing interest in viable alternatives, such as structured state space sequence models (SSMs) and Selective SSMs. Among these, Mamba (S6) and its variant Mamba-2 have shown remarkable inference ...
2502.10180
Safe platooning control of connected and autonomous vehicles on curved multi-lane roads
eess.SY cs.SY
This paper investigates the safe platoon formation tracking and merging control problem of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) on curved multi-lane roads. The first novelty is the separation of the control designs into two distinct parts: a lateral control law that ensures a geometrical convergence towards the re...
2502.10183
Doing More With Less: Towards More Data-Efficient Syndrome-Based Neural Decoders
cs.IT math.IT
While significant research efforts have been directed toward developing more capable neural decoding architectures, comparatively little attention has been paid to the quality of training data. In this study, we address the challenge of constructing effective training datasets to maximize the potential of existing sy...
2502.10184
Realistic Evaluation of Deep Partial-Label Learning Algorithms
cs.LG
Partial-label learning (PLL) is a weakly supervised learning problem in which each example is associated with multiple candidate labels and only one is the true label. In recent years, many deep PLL algorithms have been developed to improve model performance. However, we find that some early developed algorithms are ...
2502.10185
A Powerful Random Forest Featuring Linear Extensions (RaFFLE)
cs.LG
Random forests are widely used in regression. However, the decision trees used as base learners are poor approximators of linear relationships. To address this limitation we propose RaFFLE (Random Forest Featuring Linear Extensions), a novel framework that integrates the recently developed PILOT trees (Piecewise Line...
2502.10187
Reinforcement Learning based Constrained Optimal Control: an Interpretable Reward Design
eess.SY cs.SY
This paper presents an interpretable reward design framework for reinforcement learning based constrained optimal control problems with state and terminal constraints. The problem is formalized within a standard partially observable Markov decision process framework. The reward function is constructed from four weigh...
2502.10192
A Note on "Constructing Bent Functions Outside the Maiorana-McFarland Class Using a General Form of Rothaus"
cs.IT math.IT
In 2017, Zhang et al. proposed a question (not open problem) and two open problems in [IEEE TIT 63 (8): 5336--5349, 2017] about constructing bent functions by using Rothaus' construction. In this note, we prove that the sufficient conditions of Rothaus' construction are also necessary, which answers their question. B...
2502.10193
Merging public elementary schools to reduce racial/ethnic segregation
cs.CY cs.AI
Diverse schools can help address implicit biases and increase empathy, mutual respect, and reflective thought by fostering connections between students from different racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and other backgrounds. Unfortunately, demographic segregation remains rampant in US public schools, despite over 70 years...
2502.10195
Exploring the Camera Bias of Person Re-identification
cs.CV cs.AI cs.LG
We empirically investigate the camera bias of person re-identification (ReID) models. Previously, camera-aware methods have been proposed to address this issue, but they are largely confined to training domains of the models. We measure the camera bias of ReID models on unseen domains and reveal that camera bias beco...
2502.10197
MathConstruct: Challenging LLM Reasoning with Constructive Proofs
cs.AI
While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive performance in mathematics, existing math benchmarks come with significant limitations. Many focus on problems with fixed ground-truth answers, and are often saturated due to problem simplicity or the viability of guessing or memorization. Crucially, they capt...
2502.10200
Dynamic Reinforcement Learning for Actors
cs.LG cs.AI cs.NE
Dynamic Reinforcement Learning (Dynamic RL), proposed in this paper, directly controls system dynamics, instead of the actor (action-generating neural network) outputs at each moment, bringing about a major qualitative shift in reinforcement learning (RL) from static to dynamic. The actor is initially designed to gen...
2502.10201
Prediction hubs are context-informed frequent tokens in LLMs
cs.CL cs.AI
Hubness, the tendency for few points to be among the nearest neighbours of a disproportionate number of other points, commonly arises when applying standard distance measures to high-dimensional data, often negatively impacting distance-based analysis. As autoregressive large language models (LLMs) operate on high-di...
2502.10202
Can Post-Training Quantization Benefit from an Additional QLoRA Integration?
cs.CL
Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing but pose significant challenges for real-world deployment. These models necessitate considerable computing resources, which can be costly and frequently unavailable. Model compression techniques such as quantization are often leveraged to allev...
2502.10203
AI-in-the-Loop Sensing and Communication Joint Design for Edge Intelligence
cs.LG cs.DC
Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI), wireless communications, and sensing technologies have accelerated the evolution of edge intelligence. However, conventional systems still grapple with issues such as low communication efficiency, redundant data acquisition, and poor model generalization. To overc...
2502.10205
Looking around you: external information enhances representations for event sequences
cs.LG
Representation learning produces models in different domains, such as store purchases, client transactions, and general people's behaviour. However, such models for sequential data usually process a single sequence, ignoring context from other relevant ones, even in domains with rapidly changing external environments...
2502.10207
RIPOST: Two-Phase Private Decomposition for Multidimensional Data
cs.DB
Differential privacy (DP) is considered as the gold standard for data privacy. While the problem of answering simple queries and functions under DP guarantees has been thoroughly addressed in recent years, the problem of releasing multidimensional data under DP remains challenging. In this paper, we focus on this pro...
2502.10208
SGS-GNN: A Supervised Graph Sparsification method for Graph Neural Networks
cs.LG
We propose SGS-GNN, a novel supervised graph sparsifier that learns the sampling probability distribution of edges and samples sparse subgraphs of a user-specified size to reduce the computational costs required by GNNs for inference tasks on large graphs. SGS-GNN employs regularizers in the loss function to enhance ...
2502.10209
Mutual Coupling in Holographic MIMO: Physical Modeling and Information-Theoretic Analysis
cs.IT math.IT
This paper presents a comprehensive framework for holographic multiantenna communication, a paradigm that integrates both wide apertures and closely spaced antennas relative to the wavelength. The presented framework is physically grounded, enabling information-theoretic analyses that inherently incorporate correlati...
2502.10211
Control-flow anomaly detection by process mining-based feature extraction and dimensionality reduction
cs.LG
The business processes of organizations may deviate from normal control flow due to disruptive anomalies, including unknown, skipped, and wrongly-ordered activities. To identify these control-flow anomalies, process mining can check control-flow correctness against a reference process model through conformance checki...
2502.10214
Mapping bathymetry of inland water bodies on the North Slope of Alaska with Landsat using Random Forest
cs.CV cs.LG
The North Slope of Alaska is dominated by small waterbodies that provide critical ecosystem services for local population and wildlife. Detailed information on the depth of the waterbodies is scarce due to the challenges with collecting such information. In this work we have trained a machine learning (Random Forest ...
2502.10215
Do Large Language Models Reason Causally Like Us? Even Better?
cs.AI cs.LG
Causal reasoning is a core component of intelligence. Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in generating human-like text, raising questions about whether their responses reflect true understanding or statistical patterns. We compared causal reasoning in humans and four LLMs using tasks base...
2502.10216
Forget the Data and Fine-Tuning! Just Fold the Network to Compress
cs.LG cs.AI
We introduce model folding, a novel data-free model compression technique that merges structurally similar neurons across layers, significantly reducing the model size without the need for fine-tuning or access to training data. Unlike existing methods, model folding preserves data statistics during compression by le...
2502.10218
Integrated Multi-Simulation Environments for Aerial Robotics Research
cs.RO
Simulation frameworks play a pivotal role in the safe development of robotic applications. However, often different components of an envisioned robotic system are best simulated in different environments/simulators. This poses a significant challenge in simulating the entire project into a single integrated robotic f...
2502.10220
Optimal and Coordinated Voltage Control: Case Study on a 132 kV Norwegian Grid Subsystem
eess.SY cs.SY
This work presents a framework for dynamic performance assessment of the higher layers in the hierarchical voltage regulation scheme, with case studies applied to specific areas of the Norwegian grid. Unlike the primary (PVR) level, the secondary (SVR) and tertiary (TVR) levels are not tuned to a single device at a t...
2502.10224
Comparison of Deep Recurrent Neural Networks and Bayesian Neural Networks for Detecting Electric Motor Damage Through Sound Signal Analysis
cs.LG
Fault detection in electric motors is a critical challenge in various industries, where failures can result in significant operational disruptions. This study investigates the use of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) for diagnosing motor damage using acoustic signal analysis. A nove...
2502.10226
A Multiagent Path Search Algorithm for Large-Scale Coalition Structure Generation
cs.MA cs.AI cs.GT
Coalition structure generation (CSG), i.e. the problem of optimally partitioning a set of agents into coalitions to maximize social welfare, is a fundamental computational problem in multiagent systems. This problem is important for many applications where small run times are necessary, including transportation and d...
2502.10230
ProReco: A Process Discovery Recommender System
cs.LG cs.IR
Process discovery aims to automatically derive process models from historical execution data (event logs). While various process discovery algorithms have been proposed in the last 25 years, there is no consensus on a dominating discovery algorithm. Selecting the most suitable discovery algorithm remains a challenge ...
2502.10233
Learning to Solve the Min-Max Mixed-Shelves Picker-Routing Problem via Hierarchical and Parallel Decoding
cs.MA cs.LG stat.ML
The Mixed-Shelves Picker Routing Problem (MSPRP) is a fundamental challenge in warehouse logistics, where pickers must navigate a mixed-shelves environment to retrieve SKUs efficiently. Traditional heuristics and optimization-based approaches struggle with scalability, while recent machine learning methods often rely...
2502.10235
AdaPTS: Adapting Univariate Foundation Models to Probabilistic Multivariate Time Series Forecasting
stat.ML cs.LG
Pre-trained foundation models (FMs) have shown exceptional performance in univariate time series forecasting tasks. However, several practical challenges persist, including managing intricate dependencies among features and quantifying uncertainty in predictions. This study aims to tackle these critical limitations b...
2502.10236
Shaping Inductive Bias in Diffusion Models through Frequency-Based Noise Control
cs.LG cs.AI
Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs) are powerful generative models that have achieved unparalleled success in a number of generative tasks. In this work, we aim to build inductive biases into the training and sampling of diffusion models to better accommodate the target distribution of the data to model. For topolo...
2502.10239
Efficient Zero-Order Federated Finetuning of Language Models for Resource-Constrained Devices
cs.LG cs.AI
Federated fine-tuning offers a promising approach for tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices while preserving data privacy. However, fine-tuning these models on edge devices remains challenging due to high memory, communication, and computational demands. Zero-order optimization with task alignment provi...
2502.10243
Safety Blind Spot in Remote Driving: Considerations for Risk Assessment of Connection Loss Fallback Strategies
eess.SY cs.SY
As part of the overall goal of driverless road vehicles, remote driving is a major emerging field of research of its own. Current remote driving concepts for public road traffic often establish a fallback strategy of immediate braking to a standstill in the event of a connection loss. This may seem like the most logi...
2502.10248
Step-Video-T2V Technical Report: The Practice, Challenges, and Future of Video Foundation Model
cs.CV cs.CL
We present Step-Video-T2V, a state-of-the-art text-to-video pre-trained model with 30B parameters and the ability to generate videos up to 204 frames in length. A deep compression Variational Autoencoder, Video-VAE, is designed for video generation tasks, achieving 16x16 spatial and 8x temporal compression ratios, wh...
2502.10250
VisCon-100K: Leveraging Contextual Web Data for Fine-tuning Vision Language Models
cs.CL cs.CV
Vision-language models (VLMs) excel in various visual benchmarks but are often constrained by the lack of high-quality visual fine-tuning data. To address this challenge, we introduce VisCon-100K, a novel dataset derived from interleaved image-text web documents. Our approach transforms 45K web documents from the OBE...
2502.10258
PromptArtisan: Multi-instruction Image Editing in Single Pass with Complete Attention Control
cs.CV cs.HC
We present PromptArtisan, a groundbreaking approach to multi-instruction image editing that achieves remarkable results in a single pass, eliminating the need for time-consuming iterative refinement. Our method empowers users to provide multiple editing instructions, each associated with a specific mask within the im...
2502.10259
MITO: Enabling Non-Line-of-Sight Perception using Millimeter-waves through Real-World Datasets and Simulation Tools
cs.CV
We present MITO, the first dataset of multi-spectral millimeter-wave (mmWave) images of everyday objects. Unlike visible light, mmWave signals can image through everyday occlusions (e.g., cardboard boxes, fabric, plastic). However, due to the dearth of publicly-available mmWave images and the interdisciplinary challe...
2502.10263
Large Language Models and Synthetic Data for Monitoring Dataset Mentions in Research Papers
cs.CL cs.AI cs.CY cs.DB cs.LG
Tracking how data is mentioned and used in research papers provides critical insights for improving data discoverability, quality, and production. However, manually identifying and classifying dataset mentions across vast academic literature is resource-intensive and not scalable. This paper presents a machine learni...
2502.10266
Are Large Language Models the future crowd workers of Linguistics?
cs.CL cs.AI
Data elicitation from human participants is one of the core data collection strategies used in empirical linguistic research. The amount of participants in such studies may vary considerably, ranging from a handful to crowdsourcing dimensions. Even if they provide resourceful extensive data, both of these settings co...