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2502.10689
Self-Explaining Hypergraph Neural Networks for Diagnosis Prediction
cs.LG cs.AI
The burgeoning volume of electronic health records (EHRs) has enabled deep learning models to excel in predictive healthcare. However, for high-stakes applications such as diagnosis prediction, model interpretability remains paramount. Existing deep learning diagnosis prediction models with intrinsic interpretability...
2502.10691
Controlling Neural Collapse Enhances Out-of-Distribution Detection and Transfer Learning
cs.LG
Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection and OOD generalization are widely studied in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), yet their relationship remains poorly understood. We empirically show that the degree of Neural Collapse (NC) in a network layer is inversely related with these objectives: stronger NC improves OOD detection ...
2502.10693
Extremely Large Full Duplex MIMO for Simultaneous Downlink Communications and Monostatic Sensing at Sub-THz Frequencies
cs.IT cs.ET math.IT
The in-band Full Duplex (FD) technology is lately gaining attention as an enabler for the emerging paradigm of Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC), which envisions seamless integration of sensing mechanisms for unconnected entities into next generation wireless networks. In this paper, we present an FD Multi...
2502.10694
Simulations of Common Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Algorithms for Image Classification
cs.LG cs.AI
Traditional machine learning assumes that training and test sets are derived from the same distribution; however, this assumption does not always hold in practical applications. This distribution disparity can lead to severe performance drops when the trained model is used in new data sets. Domain adaptation (DA) is ...
2502.10697
The Lee weight distributions of several classes of linear codes over $\mathbb{Z}_4$
cs.IT math.IT
Let $\mathbb{Z}_4$ denote the ring of integers modulo $4$. The Galois ring GR$(4,m)$, which consists of $4^m$ elements, represents the Galois extension of degree $m$ over $\mathbb{Z}_4$. The constructions of codes over $\mathbb{Z}_4$ have garnered significant interest in recent years. In this paper, building upon pre...
2502.10698
Superpose Singular Features for Model Merging
cs.LG cs.AI
Model merging is a critical technique for combining the capabilities of multiple fine-tuned models without requiring additional training. While existing methods treat parameters as vectors, they overlook the intrinsic structure of linear transformation matrices - the core components that comprise the majority of mode...
2502.10699
Exploring Synaptic Resonance in Large Language Models: A Novel Approach to Contextual Memory Integration
cs.CL cs.AI cs.NE
Contextual memory integration remains a high challenge in the development of language models, particularly in tasks that require maintaining coherence over extended sequences. Traditional approaches, such as self-attention mechanisms and memory-augmented architectures, often prioritize short-term dependencies, leadin...
2502.10701
Unpacking the Layers: Exploring Self-Disclosure Norms, Engagement Dynamics, and Privacy Implications
cs.SI cs.HC
This paper characterizes the self-disclosure behavior of Reddit users across 11 different types of self-disclosure. We find that at least half of the users share some type of disclosure in at least 10% of their posts, with half of these posts having more than one type of disclosure. We show that different types of se...
2502.10703
Artificial intelligence-enabled detection and assessment of Parkinson's disease using multimodal data: A survey
cs.LG cs.SD
The rapid emergence of highly adaptable and reusable artificial intelligence (AI) models is set to revolutionize the medical field, particularly in the diagnosis and management of Parkinson's disease (PD). Currently, there are no effective biomarkers for diagnosing PD, assessing its severity, or tracking its progress...
2502.10704
Occlusion-aware Non-Rigid Point Cloud Registration via Unsupervised Neural Deformation Correntropy
cs.CV cs.AI
Non-rigid alignment of point clouds is crucial for scene understanding, reconstruction, and various computer vision and robotics tasks. Recent advancements in implicit deformation networks for non-rigid registration have significantly reduced the reliance on large amounts of annotated training data. However, existing...
2502.10705
CoPEFT: Fast Adaptation Framework for Multi-Agent Collaborative Perception with Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning
cs.AI
Multi-agent collaborative perception is expected to significantly improve perception performance by overcoming the limitations of single-agent perception through exchanging complementary information. However, training a robust collaborative perception model requires collecting sufficient training data that covers all...
2502.10706
Raising the Bar in Graph OOD Generalization: Invariant Learning Beyond Explicit Environment Modeling
cs.LG cs.AI
Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization has emerged as a critical challenge in graph learning, as real-world graph data often exhibit diverse and shifting environments that traditional models fail to generalize across. A promising solution to address this issue is graph invariant learning (GIL), which aims to learn ...
2502.10707
Reading Your Heart: Learning ECG Words and Sentences via Pre-training ECG Language Model
cs.LG cs.AI
Electrocardiogram (ECG) is essential for the clinical diagnosis of arrhythmias and other heart diseases, but deep learning methods based on ECG often face limitations due to the need for high-quality annotations. Although previous ECG self-supervised learning (eSSL) methods have made significant progress in represent...
2502.10708
Injecting Domain-Specific Knowledge into Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey
cs.CL
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in various tasks such as natural language understanding, text summarization, and machine translation. However, their general-purpose nature often limits their effectiveness in domain-specific applications that require specialized knowledge, such as hea...
2502.10709
An Empirical Analysis of Uncertainty in Large Language Model Evaluations
cs.CL cs.AI
As LLM-as-a-Judge emerges as a new paradigm for assessing large language models (LLMs), concerns have been raised regarding the alignment, bias, and stability of LLM evaluators. While substantial work has focused on alignment and bias, little research has concentrated on the stability of LLM evaluators. In this paper...
2502.10712
FuncGenFoil: Airfoil Generation and Editing Model in Function Space
cs.LG cs.AI
Aircraft manufacturing is the jewel in the crown of industry, among which generating high-fidelity airfoil geometries with controllable and editable representations remains a fundamental challenge. While existing deep-learning-based methods rely on predefined parametric function families, e.g., B\'ezier curves and di...
2502.10713
Improving action segmentation via explicit similarity measurement
cs.CV
Existing supervised action segmentation methods depend on the quality of frame-wise classification using attention mechanisms or temporal convolutions to capture temporal dependencies. Even boundary detection-based methods primarily depend on the accuracy of an initial frame-wise classification, which can overlook pr...
2502.10714
Disentangle Nighttime Lens Flares: Self-supervised Generation-based Lens Flare Removal
cs.CV
Lens flares arise from light reflection and refraction within sensor arrays, whose diverse types include glow, veiling glare, reflective flare and so on. Existing methods are specialized for one specific type only, and overlook the simultaneous occurrence of multiple typed lens flares, which is common in the real-wor...
2502.10716
Why Domain Generalization Fail? A View of Necessity and Sufficiency
cs.LG stat.ML
Despite a strong theoretical foundation, empirical experiments reveal that existing domain generalization (DG) algorithms often fail to consistently outperform the ERM baseline. We argue that this issue arises because most DG studies focus on establishing theoretical guarantees for generalization under unrealistic as...
2502.10718
Hyperdimensional Intelligent Sensing for Efficient Real-Time Audio Processing on Extreme Edge
cs.SD cs.AI eess.AS
The escalating challenges of managing vast sensor-generated data, particularly in audio applications, necessitate innovative solutions. Current systems face significant computational and storage demands, especially in real-time applications like gunshot detection systems (GSDS), and the proliferation of edge sensors ...
2502.10720
NPSim: Nighttime Photorealistic Simulation From Daytime Images With Monocular Inverse Rendering and Ray Tracing
cs.CV cs.GR
Semantic segmentation is an important task for autonomous driving. A powerful autonomous driving system should be capable of handling images under all conditions, including nighttime. Generating accurate and diverse nighttime semantic segmentation datasets is crucial for enhancing the performance of computer vision a...
2502.10721
A Comprehensive Survey of Deep Learning for Multivariate Time Series Forecasting: A Channel Strategy Perspective
cs.LG
Multivariate Time Series Forecasting (MTSF) plays a crucial role across diverse fields, ranging from economic, energy, to traffic. In recent years, deep learning has demonstrated outstanding performance in MTSF tasks. In MTSF, modeling the correlations among different channels is critical, as leveraging information f...
2502.10723
A Mathematics Framework of Artificial Shifted Population Risk and Its Further Understanding Related to Consistency Regularization
cs.LG cs.AI
Data augmentation is an important technique in training deep neural networks as it enhances their ability to generalize and remain robust. While data augmentation is commonly used to expand the sample size and act as a consistency regularization term, there is a lack of research on the relationship between them. To a...
2502.10724
Semantics-aware Test-time Adaptation for 3D Human Pose Estimation
cs.CV
This work highlights a semantics misalignment in 3D human pose estimation. For the task of test-time adaptation, the misalignment manifests as overly smoothed and unguided predictions. The smoothing settles predictions towards some average pose. Furthermore, when there are occlusions or truncations, the adaptation be...
2502.10725
PropNet: a White-Box and Human-Like Network for Sentence Representation
cs.CL cs.AI
Transformer-based embedding methods have dominated the field of sentence representation in recent years. Although they have achieved remarkable performance on NLP missions, such as semantic textual similarity (STS) tasks, their black-box nature and large-data-driven training style have raised concerns, including issu...
2502.10728
Construction A Lattice Design Based on the Truncated Union Bound
cs.IT math.IT
This paper considers $n= 128$ dimensional construction A lattice design, using binary codes with known minimum Hamming distance and codeword multiplicity, the number of minimum weight codeword. A truncated theta series of the lattice is explicitly given to obtain the truncated union bound to estimate the word error r...
2502.10729
VarGes: Improving Variation in Co-Speech 3D Gesture Generation via StyleCLIPS
cs.CV
Generating expressive and diverse human gestures from audio is crucial in fields like human-computer interaction, virtual reality, and animation. Though existing methods have achieved remarkable performance, they often exhibit limitations due to constrained dataset diversity and the restricted amount of information d...
2502.10732
Rule-Bottleneck Reinforcement Learning: Joint Explanation and Decision Optimization for Resource Allocation with Language Agents
cs.LG cs.AI
Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) is remarkably effective in addressing sequential resource allocation problems in domains such as healthcare, public policy, and resource management. However, deep RL policies often lack transparency and adaptability, challenging their deployment alongside human decision-makers. In con...
2502.10734
Motion planning for highly-dynamic unconditioned reflexes based on chained Signed Distance Functions
cs.RO
The unconditioned reflex (e.g., protective reflex), which is the innate reaction of the organism and usually performed through the spinal cord rather than the brain, can enable organisms to escape harms from environments. In this paper, we propose an online, highly-dynamic motion planning algorithm to endow manipulat...
2502.10735
OPTISHEAR: Towards Efficient and Adaptive Pruning of Large Language Models via Evolutionary Optimization
cs.CL
Post-training pruning has emerged as a crucial optimization technique as large language models (LLMs) continue to grow rapidly. However, the significant variations in weight distributions across different LLMs make fixed pruning strategies inadequate for multiple models. In this paper, we introduce \textbf{\textsc{Op...
2502.10739
BASE-SQL: A powerful open source Text-To-SQL baseline approach
cs.CL
The conversion of natural language into SQL language for querying databases (Text-to-SQL) has broad application prospects and has attracted widespread attention. At present, the mainstream Text-to-SQL methods are mainly divided into in-context learning (ICL) based methods and supervised fine-tuning (SFT) based method...
2502.10742
The Philosophical Foundations of Growing AI Like A Child
cs.AI
Despite excelling in high-level reasoning, current language models lack robustness in real-world scenarios and perform poorly on fundamental problem-solving tasks that are intuitive to humans. This paper argues that both challenges stem from a core discrepancy between human and machine cognitive development. While bo...
2502.10743
1bit-Merging: Dynamic Quantized Merging for Large Language Models
cs.CL
Recent advances in large language models have led to specialized models excelling in specific domains, creating a need for efficient model merging techniques. While traditional merging approaches combine parameters into a single static model, they often compromise task-specific performance. However, task-specific rou...
2502.10749
LoRE-Merging: Exploring Low-Rank Estimation For Large Language Model Merging
cs.CL cs.AI
While most current approaches rely on further training techniques, such as fine-tuning or reinforcement learning, to enhance model capacities, model merging stands out for its ability of improving models without requiring any additional training. In this paper, we propose a unified framework for model merging based o...
2502.10750
Human-Centric Community Detection in Hybrid Metaverse Networks with Integrated AI Entities
cs.SI cs.AI
Community detection is a cornerstone problem in social network analysis (SNA), aimed at identifying cohesive communities with minimal external links. However, the rise of generative AI and Metaverse introduce complexities by creating hybrid human-AI social networks (denoted by HASNs), where traditional methods fall s...
2502.10760
Why is prompting hard? Understanding prompts on binary sequence predictors
cs.CL cs.LG stat.ML
Large language models (LLMs) can be prompted to do many tasks, but finding good prompts is not always easy, nor is understanding some performant prompts. We explore these issues by viewing prompting as conditioning a near-optimal sequence predictor (LLM) pretrained on diverse data sources. Through numerous prompt sea...
2502.10761
A Whole-Body Disturbance Rejection Control Framework for Dynamic Motions in Legged Robots
cs.RO
This letter presents a control framework for legged robots that enables self-perception and resistance to external disturbances and model uncertainties. First, a novel disturbance estimator is proposed, integrating adaptive control and extended state observers (ESO) to estimate external disturbances and model uncerta...
2502.10762
Bone Soups: A Seek-and-Soup Model Merging Approach for Controllable Multi-Objective Generation
cs.LG cs.AI cs.CL
User information needs are often highly diverse and varied. A key challenge in current research is how to achieve controllable multi-objective generation while enabling rapid adaptation to accommodate diverse user demands during test time. Existing solutions, such as Rewarded Soup, focus on merging language models in...
2502.10764
Learning to Explain Air Traffic Situation
cs.LG
Understanding how air traffic controllers construct a mental 'picture' of complex air traffic situations is crucial but remains a challenge due to the inherently intricate, high-dimensional interactions between aircraft, pilots, and controllers. Previous work on modeling the strategies of air traffic controllers and ...
2502.10768
Evaluating improvements on using Large Language Models (LLMs) for property extraction in the Open Research Knowledge Graph (ORKG)
cs.IR cs.AI cs.CL
Current research highlights the great potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) for constructing Scholarly Knowledge Graphs (SKGs). One particularly complex step in this process is relation extraction, aimed at identifying suitable properties to describe the content of research. This study builds directly on previous...
2502.10776
A Distillation-based Future-aware Graph Neural Network for Stock Trend Prediction
cs.LG cs.AI q-fin.PM
Stock trend prediction involves forecasting the future price movements by analyzing historical data and various market indicators. With the advancement of machine learning, graph neural networks (GNNs) have been extensively employed in stock prediction due to their powerful capability to capture spatiotemporal depend...
2502.10777
Fast Transmission Control Adaptation for URLLC via Channel Knowledge Map and Meta-Learning
cs.IT math.IT
This paper considers methods for delivering ultra reliable low latency communication (URLLC) to enable mission-critical Internet of Things (IoT) services in wireless environments with unknown channel distribution. The methods rely upon the historical channel gain samples of a few locations in a target area. We formul...
2502.10784
Preconditioned Inexact Stochastic ADMM for Deep Model
cs.LG
The recent advancement of foundation models (FMs) has brought about a paradigm shift, revolutionizing various sectors worldwide. The popular optimizers used to train these models are stochastic gradient descent-based algorithms, which face inherent limitations, such as slow convergence and stringent assumptions for c...
2502.10785
REGNav: Room Expert Guided Image-Goal Navigation
cs.CV
Image-goal navigation aims to steer an agent towards the goal location specified by an image. Most prior methods tackle this task by learning a navigation policy, which extracts visual features of goal and observation images, compares their similarity and predicts actions. However, if the agent is in a different room...
2502.10786
Epidemic-guided deep learning for spatiotemporal forecasting of Tuberculosis outbreak
cs.LG q-bio.QM stat.ML
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a formidable global health challenge, driven by complex spatiotemporal transmission dynamics and influenced by factors such as population mobility and behavioral changes. We propose an Epidemic-Guided Deep Learning (EGDL) approach that fuses mechanistic epidemiological principles with advanc...
2502.10789
ReReLRP -- Remembering and Recognizing Tasks with LRP
cs.LG
Deep neural networks have revolutionized numerous research fields and applications. Despite their widespread success, a fundamental limitation known as catastrophic forgetting remains, where models fail to retain their ability to perform previously learned tasks after being trained on new ones. This limitation is par...
2502.10790
Which Features are Best for Successor Features?
cs.LG math.OC stat.ML
In reinforcement learning, universal successor features (SFs) are a way to provide zero-shot adaptation to new tasks at test time: they provide optimal policies for all downstream reward functions lying in the linear span of a set of base features. But it is unclear what constitutes a good set of base features, that ...
2502.10792
Tackling the Zero-Shot Reinforcement Learning Loss Directly
cs.LG
Zero-shot reinforcement learning (RL) methods aim at instantly producing a behavior for an RL task in a given environment, from a description of the reward function. These methods are usually tested by evaluating their average performance on a series of downstream tasks. Yet they cannot be trained directly for that o...
2502.10793
Dynamic Influence Tracker: Measuring Time-Varying Sample Influence During Training
stat.ML cs.AI cs.LG
Existing methods for measuring training sample influence on models only provide static, overall measurements, overlooking how sample influence changes during training. We propose Dynamic Influence Tracker (DIT), which captures the time-varying sample influence across arbitrary time windows during training. DIT offe...
2502.10794
Distraction is All You Need for Multimodal Large Language Model Jailbreaking
cs.CV
Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) bridge the gap between visual and textual data, enabling a range of advanced applications. However, complex internal interactions among visual elements and their alignment with text can introduce vulnerabilities, which may be exploited to bypass safety mechanisms. To address t...
2502.10801
FaceSwapGuard: Safeguarding Facial Privacy from DeepFake Threats through Identity Obfuscation
cs.CR cs.AI cs.CV
DeepFakes pose a significant threat to our society. One representative DeepFake application is face-swapping, which replaces the identity in a facial image with that of a victim. Although existing methods partially mitigate these risks by degrading the quality of swapped images, they often fail to disrupt the identit...
2502.10802
CoCoEvo: Co-Evolution of Programs and Test Cases to Enhance Code Generation
cs.SE cs.AI
Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in automated code generation. However, existing approaches often rely heavily on pre-defined test cases, which become impractical in scenarios where such cases are unavailable. While prior works explore filtering techniques between programs and test cases...
2502.10803
PDA: Generalizable Detection of AI-Generated Images via Post-hoc Distribution Alignment
cs.CR cs.AI cs.CV
The rapid advancement of generative models has led to the proliferation of highly realistic AI-generated images, posing significant challenges for detection methods to generalize across diverse and evolving generative techniques. Existing approaches often fail to adapt to unknown models without costly retraining, lim...
2502.10807
HybriDNA: A Hybrid Transformer-Mamba2 Long-Range DNA Language Model
cs.LG cs.AI q-bio.GN
Advances in natural language processing and large language models have sparked growing interest in modeling DNA, often referred to as the "language of life". However, DNA modeling poses unique challenges. First, it requires the ability to process ultra-long DNA sequences while preserving single-nucleotide resolution,...
2502.10810
SVBench: A Benchmark with Temporal Multi-Turn Dialogues for Streaming Video Understanding
cs.CV
Despite the significant advancements of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) on established benchmarks, there remains a notable gap in suitable evaluation regarding their applicability in the emerging domain of long-context streaming video understanding. Current benchmarks for video understanding typically emphasize ...
2502.10812
ResiComp: Loss-Resilient Image Compression via Dual-Functional Masked Visual Token Modeling
eess.IV cs.IT math.IT
Recent advancements in neural image codecs (NICs) are of significant compression performance, but limited attention has been paid to their error resilience. These resulting NICs tend to be sensitive to packet losses, which are prevalent in real-time communications. In this paper, we investigate how to elevate the...
2502.10813
Transformer-Driven Modeling of Variable Frequency Features for Classifying Student Engagement in Online Learning
cs.CV
The COVID-19 pandemic and the internet's availability have recently boosted online learning. However, monitoring engagement in online learning is a difficult task for teachers. In this context, timely automatic student engagement classification can help teachers in making adaptive adjustments to meet students' needs....
2502.10816
BalanceBenchmark: A Survey for Imbalanced Learning
cs.LG cs.AI
Multimodal learning has gained attention for its capacity to integrate information from different modalities. However, it is often hindered by the multimodal imbalance problem, where certain modality dominates while others remain underutilized. Although recent studies have proposed various methods to alleviate this p...
2502.10818
On Vanishing Gradients, Over-Smoothing, and Over-Squashing in GNNs: Bridging Recurrent and Graph Learning
cs.LG cs.AI
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are models that leverage the graph structure to transmit information between nodes, typically through the message-passing operation. While widely successful, this approach is well known to suffer from the over-smoothing and over-squashing phenomena, which result in representational collap...
2502.10819
Sensing With Communication Signals: From Information Theory to Signal Processing
cs.IT math.IT
The Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) paradigm is anticipated to be a cornerstone of the upcoming 6G networks. In order to optimize the use of wireless resources, 6G ISAC systems need to harness the communication data payload signals, which are inherently random, for both sensing and communication (S&C) pu...
2502.10822
NeuroAMP: A Novel End-to-end General Purpose Deep Neural Amplifier for Personalized Hearing Aids
eess.AS cs.AI cs.SD
The prevalence of hearing aids is increasing. However, optimizing the amplification processes of hearing aids remains challenging due to the complexity of integrating multiple modular components in traditional methods. To address this challenge, we present NeuroAMP, a novel deep neural network designed for end-to-end...
2502.10825
MITRE ATT&CK Applications in Cybersecurity and The Way Forward
cs.CR cs.AI
The MITRE ATT&CK framework is a widely adopted tool for enhancing cybersecurity, supporting threat intelligence, incident response, attack modeling, and vulnerability prioritization. This paper synthesizes research on its application across these domains by analyzing 417 peer-reviewed publications. We identify common...
2502.10826
Improved Offline Contextual Bandits with Second-Order Bounds: Betting and Freezing
cs.LG cs.IT math.IT stat.ML
We consider the off-policy selection and learning in contextual bandits where the learner aims to select or train a reward-maximizing policy using data collected by a fixed behavior policy. Our contribution is two-fold. First, we propose a novel off-policy selection method that leverages a new betting-based confidenc...
2502.10827
E-3DGS: Event-Based Novel View Rendering of Large-Scale Scenes Using 3D Gaussian Splatting
cs.CV cs.GR
Novel view synthesis techniques predominantly utilize RGB cameras, inheriting their limitations such as the need for sufficient lighting, susceptibility to motion blur, and restricted dynamic range. In contrast, event cameras are significantly more resilient to these limitations but have been less explored in this do...
2502.10828
The Vendiscope: An Algorithmic Microscope For Data Collections
cs.LG cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.AI q-bio.QM
The evolution of microscopy, beginning with its invention in the late 16th century, has continuously enhanced our ability to explore and understand the microscopic world, enabling increasingly detailed observations of structures and phenomena. In parallel, the rise of data-driven science has underscored the need for ...
2502.10833
Order-agnostic Identifier for Large Language Model-based Generative Recommendation
cs.IR
Leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for generative recommendation has attracted significant research interest, where item tokenization is a critical step. It involves assigning item identifiers for LLMs to encode user history and generate the next item. Existing approaches leverage either token-sequence identifie...
2502.10834
Prosocial Media
cs.CY cs.SI
Social media empower distributed content creation by algorithmically harnessing "the social fabric" (explicit and implicit signals of association) to serve this content. While this overcomes the bottlenecks and biases of traditional gatekeepers, many believe it has unsustainably eroded the very social fabric it depen...
2502.10835
Back Attention: Understanding and Enhancing Multi-Hop Reasoning in Large Language Models
cs.CL
We investigate how large language models perform latent multi-hop reasoning in prompts like "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's mother's spouse is". To analyze this process, we introduce logit flow, an interpretability method that traces how logits propagate across layers and positions toward the final prediction. Using logit...
2502.10838
Generalizable speech deepfake detection via meta-learned LoRA
eess.AS cs.LG cs.SD
Generalizable deepfake detection can be formulated as a detection problem where labels (bonafide and fake) are fixed but distributional drift affects the deepfake set. We can always train our detector with one-selected attacks and bonafide data, but an attacker can generate new attacks by just retraining his generato...
2502.10841
SkyReels-A1: Expressive Portrait Animation in Video Diffusion Transformers
cs.CV
We present SkyReels-A1, a simple yet effective framework built upon video diffusion Transformer to facilitate portrait image animation. Existing methodologies still encounter issues, including identity distortion, background instability, and unrealistic facial dynamics, particularly in head-only animation scenarios. ...
2502.10842
Mobile Robotic Multi-View Photometric Stereo
cs.CV cs.RO
Multi-View Photometric Stereo (MVPS) is a popular method for fine-detailed 3D acquisition of an object from images. Despite its outstanding results on diverse material objects, a typical MVPS experimental setup requires a well-calibrated light source and a monocular camera installed on an immovable base. This restric...
2502.10843
LEAPS: A discrete neural sampler via locally equivariant networks
cs.LG stat.CO stat.ML
We propose LEAPS, an algorithm to sample from discrete distributions known up to normalization by learning a rate matrix of a continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC). LEAPS can be seen as a continuous-time formulation of annealed importance sampling and sequential Monte Carlo methods, extended so that the variance of the...
2502.10848
Implicit Neural Representations of Molecular Vector-Valued Functions
cs.LG q-bio.QM
Molecules have various computational representations, including numerical descriptors, strings, graphs, point clouds, and surfaces. Each representation method enables the application of various machine learning methodologies from linear regression to graph neural networks paired with large language models. To complem...
2502.10851
To Bin or not to Bin: Alternative Representations of Mass Spectra
cs.LG physics.chem-ph q-bio.QM
Mass spectrometry, especially so-called tandem mass spectrometry, is commonly used to assess the chemical diversity of samples. The resulting mass fragmentation spectra are representations of molecules of which the structure may have not been determined. This poses the challenge of experimentally determining or compu...
2502.10852
Multilingual Encoder Knows more than You Realize: Shared Weights Pretraining for Extremely Low-Resource Languages
cs.CL cs.AI
While multilingual language models like XLM-R have advanced multilingualism in NLP, they still perform poorly in extremely low-resource languages. This situation is exacerbated by the fact that modern LLMs such as LLaMA and Qwen support far fewer languages than XLM-R, making text generation models non-existent for ma...
2502.10853
Sparse learning with concave regularization: relaxation of the irrepresentable condition
math.OC cs.SY eess.SY
Learning sparse models from data is an important task in all those frameworks where relevant information should be identified within a large dataset. This can be achieved by formulating and solving suitable sparsity promoting optimization problems. As to linear regression models, Lasso is the most popular convex appr...
2502.10855
Towards Effective Extraction and Evaluation of Factual Claims
cs.CL
A common strategy for fact-checking long-form content generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) is extracting simple claims that can be verified independently. Since inaccurate or incomplete claims compromise fact-checking results, ensuring claim quality is critical. However, the lack of a standardized evaluation fra...
2502.10857
Divergent Thoughts toward One Goal: LLM-based Multi-Agent Collaboration System for Electronic Design Automation
cs.CL
Recently, with the development of tool-calling capabilities in large language models (LLMs), these models have demonstrated significant potential for automating electronic design automation (EDA) flows by interacting with EDA tool APIs via EDA scripts. However, considering the limited understanding of EDA tools, LLMs...
2502.10858
Is Depth All You Need? An Exploration of Iterative Reasoning in LLMs
cs.AI cs.CL
Deep iterative chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning enables LLMs to tackle complex tasks by progressively activating relevant pre-trained knowledge. However, it faces challenges in ensuring continual improvement and determining a stopping criterion. In this paper, we investigate whether the relevant knowledge that contri...
2502.10862
Accelerated co-design of robots through morphological pretraining
cs.RO
The co-design of robot morphology and neural control typically requires using reinforcement learning to approximate a unique control policy gradient for each body plan, demanding massive amounts of training data to measure the performance of each design. Here we show that a universal, morphology-agnostic controller c...
2502.10864
Recursions for quadratic rotation symmetric functions weights
cs.IT math.CO math.IT
A Boolean function in $n$ variables is rotation symmetric (RS) if it is invariant under powers of $\rho(x_1, \ldots, x_n) = (x_2, \ldots, x_n, x_1)$. An RS function is called monomial rotation symmetric (MRS) if it is generated by applying powers of $\rho$ to a single monomial. The author showed in $2017$ that for an...
2502.10867
A Tutorial on LLM Reasoning: Relevant Methods behind ChatGPT o1
cs.AI cs.CL
OpenAI o1 has shown that applying reinforcement learning to integrate reasoning steps directly during inference can significantly improve a model's reasoning capabilities. This result is exciting as the field transitions from the conventional autoregressive method of generating answers to a more deliberate approach t...
2502.10868
NitiBench: A Comprehensive Studies of LLM Frameworks Capabilities for Thai Legal Question Answering
cs.CL
The application of large language models (LLMs) in the legal domain holds significant potential for information retrieval and question answering, yet Thai legal QA systems face challenges due to a lack of standardized evaluation benchmarks and the complexity of Thai legal structures. This paper introduces NitiBench, ...
2502.10870
Hybrid high-order methods for elasto-acoustic wave propagation in the time domain
math.NA cs.CE cs.NA
We devise a Hybrid High-Order (HHO) method for the coupling between the acoustic and elastic wave equations in the time domain. A first-order formulation in time is considered. The HHO method can use equal-order and mixed-order settings, as well as O(1)- and O(1/h)-stabilizations. An energy-error estimate is establis...
2502.10871
The Representation and Recall of Interwoven Structured Knowledge in LLMs: A Geometric and Layered Analysis
cs.CL cs.AI cs.LG
This study investigates how large language models (LLMs) represent and recall multi-associated attributes across transformer layers. We show that intermediate layers encode factual knowledge by superimposing related attributes in overlapping spaces, along with effective recall even when attributes are not explicitly ...
2502.10874
Indexing Join Inputs for Fast Queries and Maintenance
cs.DB
In database systems, joins are often expensive despite many years of research producing numerous join algorithms. Precomputed and materialized join views deliver the best query performance, whereas traditional indexes, used as pre-sorted inputs for merge joins, permit very efficient maintenance. Neither traditional i...
2502.10875
A Geometric Approach to Personalized Recommendation with Set-Theoretic Constraints Using Box Embeddings
cs.IR cs.AI cs.LG
Personalized item recommendation typically suffers from data sparsity, which is most often addressed by learning vector representations of users and items via low-rank matrix factorization. While this effectively densifies the matrix by assuming users and movies can be represented by linearly dependent latent feature...
2502.10876
Super Resolution image reconstructs via total variation-based image deconvolution: a majorization-minimization approach
cs.CV
This work aims to reconstruct image sequences with Total Variation regularity in super-resolution. We consider, in particular, images of scenes for which the point-to-point image transformation is a plane projective transformation. We first describe the super-resolution image's imaging observation model, an interpola...
2502.10878
Broadcast Channel Cooperative Gain: An Operational Interpretation of Partial Information Decomposition
cs.IT cs.AI cs.LG math.IT
Partial information decomposition has recently found applications in biological signal processing and machine learning. Despite its impacts, the decomposition was introduced through an informal and heuristic route, and its exact operational meaning is unclear. In this work, we fill this gap by connecting partial info...
2502.10881
CiteCheck: Towards Accurate Citation Faithfulness Detection
cs.CL
Citation faithfulness detection is critical for enhancing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems, yet large-scale Chinese datasets for this task are scarce. Existing methods face prohibitive costs due to the need for manually annotated negative samples. To address this, we introduce the first large-scale Chines...
2502.10883
Learning Identifiable Structures Helps Avoid Bias in DNN-based Supervised Causal Learning
cs.LG cs.AI stat.ME
Causal discovery is a structured prediction task that aims to predict causal relations among variables based on their data samples. Supervised Causal Learning (SCL) is an emerging paradigm in this field. Existing Deep Neural Network (DNN)-based methods commonly adopt the "Node-Edge approach", in which the model first...
2502.10886
MET-Bench: Multimodal Entity Tracking for Evaluating the Limitations of Vision-Language and Reasoning Models
cs.CL
Entity tracking is a fundamental challenge in natural language understanding, requiring models to maintain coherent representations of entities. Previous work has benchmarked entity tracking performance in purely text-based tasks. We introduce MET-Bench, a multimodal entity tracking benchmark designed to evaluate the...
2502.10887
RemInD: Remembering Anatomical Variations for Interpretable Domain Adaptive Medical Image Segmentation
cs.CV
This work presents a novel Bayesian framework for unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) in medical image segmentation. While prior works have explored this clinically significant task using various strategies of domain alignment, they often lack an explicit and explainable mechanism to ensure that target image feature...
2502.10889
Nonlinear Feedback Linearization and LQG/LTR Control: A Comparative Study for a Single-Machine Infinite-Bus System
eess.SY cs.SY math.OC
This paper presents a comparative study of three advanced control strategies for a single-machine infinite-bus (SMIB) system: the nonlinear feedback linearizing controller (NFLC), the integral-NFLC (INFLC), and the linear-quadratic-Gaussian/loop transfer recovery (LQG/LTR) control. The NFLC and INFLC techniques use e...
2502.10894
Bridging the Sim-to-Real Gap for Athletic Loco-Manipulation
cs.RO cs.AI cs.LG
Achieving athletic loco-manipulation on robots requires moving beyond traditional tracking rewards - which simply guide the robot along a reference trajectory - to task rewards that drive truly dynamic, goal-oriented behaviors. Commands such as "throw the ball as far as you can" or "lift the weight as quickly as poss...
2502.10896
Developing Conversational Speech Systems for Robots to Detect Speech Biomarkers of Cognition in People Living with Dementia
cs.CL
This study presents the development and testing of a conversational speech system designed for robots to detect speech biomarkers indicative of cognitive impairments in people living with dementia (PLwD). The system integrates a backend Python WebSocket server and a central core module with a large language model (LL...
2502.10899
Breaking Down the Hierarchy: A New Approach to Leukemia Classification
cs.CV cs.AI cs.LG
The complexities inherent to leukemia, multifaceted cancer affecting white blood cells, pose considerable diagnostic and treatment challenges, primarily due to reliance on laborious morphological analyses and expert judgment that are susceptible to errors. Addressing these challenges, this study presents a refined, c...
2502.10906
PCGRLLM: Large Language Model-Driven Reward Design for Procedural Content Generation Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
Reward design plays a pivotal role in the training of game AIs, requiring substantial domain-specific knowledge and human effort. In recent years, several studies have explored reward generation for training game agents and controlling robots using large language models (LLMs). In the content generation literature, t...
2502.10907
Local Multiple Traces Formulation for Heterogeneous Electromagnetic Scattering: Implementation and Preconditioning
cs.CE
We consider the three-dimensional time-harmonic electromagnetic (EM) wave scattering transmission problem involving heterogeneous scatterers. The fields are approximated using the local multiple traces formulation (MTF), originally introduced for acoustic scattering. This scheme assigns independent boundary unknowns ...
2502.10908
Automatic Quality Assessment of First Trimester Crown-Rump-Length Ultrasound Images
cs.CV cs.AI cs.LG
Fetal gestational age (GA) is vital clinical information that is estimated during pregnancy in order to assess fetal growth. This is usually performed by measuring the crown-rump-length (CRL) on an ultrasound image in the Dating scan which is then correlated with fetal age and growth trajectory. A major issue when pe...