id
stringlengths
9
16
title
stringlengths
4
278
categories
stringlengths
5
104
abstract
stringlengths
6
4.09k
2502.10268
Optimized Strategies for Peak Shaving and BESS Efficiency Enhancement through Cycle-Based Control and Cluster-Level Power Allocation
eess.SY cs.SY
Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are essential for peak shaving, balancing power supply and demand while enhancing grid efficiency. This study proposes a cycle-based control strategy for charging and discharging, which optimizes capture rate (CR), release rate (RR), and capacity utilization rate (CUR), improving...
2502.10273
Probing Perceptual Constancy in Large Vision Language Models
cs.CV cs.AI
Perceptual constancy is the ability to maintain stable perceptions of objects despite changes in sensory input, such as variations in distance, angle, or lighting. This ability is crucial for recognizing visual information in a dynamic world, making it essential for Vision-Language Models (VLMs). However, whether VLM...
2502.10277
Artificial Intelligence to Assess Dental Findings from Panoramic Radiographs -- A Multinational Study
cs.CV
Dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) are widely used in clinical practice for comprehensive oral assessment but present challenges due to overlapping structures and time constraints in interpretation. This study aimed to establish a solid baseline for the AI-automated assessment of findings in DPRs by developing, ev...
2502.10280
Probabilistic Super-Resolution for High-Fidelity Physical System Simulations with Uncertainty Quantification
cs.LG stat.ML
Super-resolution (SR) is a promising tool for generating high-fidelity simulations of physical systems from low-resolution data, enabling fast and accurate predictions in engineering applications. However, existing deep-learning based SR methods, require large labeled datasets and lack reliable uncertainty quantifica...
2502.10283
Anomaly Detection with LWE Encrypted Control
cs.CR cs.SY eess.SY
Detecting attacks using encrypted signals is challenging since encryption hides its information content. We present a novel mechanism for anomaly detection over Learning with Errors (LWE) encrypted signals without using decryption, secure channels, nor complex communication schemes. Instead, the detector exploits the...
2502.10284
A Hybrid Cross-Stage Coordination Pre-ranking Model for Online Recommendation Systems
cs.IR cs.AI
Large-scale recommendation systems often adopt cascading architecture consisting of retrieval, pre-ranking, ranking, and re-ranking stages. With strict latency requirements, pre-ranking utilizes lightweight models to perform a preliminary selection from massive retrieved candidates. However, recent works focus solely...
2502.10288
Adversarial Mixup Unlearning
cs.LG
Machine unlearning is a critical area of research aimed at safeguarding data privacy by enabling the removal of sensitive information from machine learning models. One unique challenge in this field is catastrophic unlearning, where erasing specific data from a well-trained model unintentionally removes essential kno...
2502.10292
Small Loss Bounds for Online Learning Separated Function Classes: A Gaussian Process Perspective
cs.LG stat.ML
In order to develop practical and efficient algorithms while circumventing overly pessimistic computational lower bounds, recent work has been interested in developing oracle-efficient algorithms in a variety of learning settings. Two such settings of particular interest are online and differentially private learning...
2502.10294
QMaxViT-Unet+: A Query-Based MaxViT-Unet with Edge Enhancement for Scribble-Supervised Segmentation of Medical Images
cs.CV
The deployment of advanced deep learning models for medical image segmentation is often constrained by the requirement for extensively annotated datasets. Weakly-supervised learning, which allows less precise labels, has become a promising solution to this challenge. Building on this approach, we propose QMaxViT-Unet...
2502.10295
Fenchel-Young Variational Learning
cs.LG
From a variational perspective, many statistical learning criteria involve seeking a distribution that balances empirical risk and regularization. In this paper, we broaden this perspective by introducing a new general class of variational methods based on Fenchel-Young (FY) losses, treated as divergences that genera...
2502.10297
DeltaProduct: Increasing the Expressivity of DeltaNet Through Products of Householders
cs.LG cs.CL cs.FL
Linear Recurrent Neural Networks (linear RNNs) have emerged as competitive alternatives to Transformers for sequence modeling, offering efficient training and linear-time inference. However, existing architectures face a fundamental trade-off between expressivity and efficiency, dictated by the structure of their sta...
2502.10303
Reinforcement Learning in Strategy-Based and Atari Games: A Review of Google DeepMinds Innovations
cs.AI cs.GT
Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been widely used in many applications, particularly in gaming, which serves as an excellent training ground for AI models. Google DeepMind has pioneered innovations in this field, employing reinforcement learning algorithms, including model-based, model-free, and deep Q-network approac...
2502.10307
SPIRIT: Short-term Prediction of solar IRradIance for zero-shot Transfer learning using Foundation Models
cs.LG cs.CV
Traditional solar forecasting models are based on several years of site-specific historical irradiance data, often spanning five or more years, which are unavailable for newer photovoltaic farms. As renewable energy is highly intermittent, building accurate solar irradiance forecasting systems is essential for effici...
2502.10308
LLM-Powered Preference Elicitation in Combinatorial Assignment
cs.AI cs.GT cs.LG
We study the potential of large language models (LLMs) as proxies for humans to simplify preference elicitation (PE) in combinatorial assignment. While traditional PE methods rely on iterative queries to capture preferences, LLMs offer a one-shot alternative with reduced human effort. We propose a framework for LLM p...
2502.10310
Object Detection and Tracking
cs.CV cs.CY
Efficient and accurate object detection is an important topic in the development of computer vision systems. With the advent of deep learning techniques, the accuracy of object detection has increased significantly. The project aims to integrate a modern technique for object detection with the aim of achieving high a...
2502.10311
ExplainReduce: Summarising local explanations via proxies
cs.LG cs.AI cs.HC
Most commonly used non-linear machine learning methods are closed-box models, uninterpretable to humans. The field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) aims to develop tools to examine the inner workings of these closed boxes. An often-used model-agnostic approach to XAI involves using simple models as local ...
2502.10324
Analysis and Prediction of Coverage and Channel Rank for UAV Networks in Rural Scenarios with Foliage
eess.SY cs.SY
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are expected to play a key role in 6G-enabled vehicular-to-everything (V2X) communications requiring high data rates, low latency, and reliable connectivity for mission-critical applications. Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) technology is essential for meeting these demands. However, UA...
2502.10325
Process Reward Models for LLM Agents: Practical Framework and Directions
cs.LG cs.AI
We introduce Agent Process Reward Models (AgentPRM), a simple and scalable framework for training LLM agents to continually improve through interactions. AgentPRM follows a lightweight actor-critic paradigm, using Monte Carlo rollouts to compute reward targets and optimize policies. It requires minimal modifications ...
2502.10328
Generalised Parallel Tempering: Flexible Replica Exchange via Flows and Diffusions
stat.ML cs.LG
Parallel Tempering (PT) is a classical MCMC algorithm designed for leveraging parallel computation to sample efficiently from high-dimensional, multimodal or otherwise complex distributions via annealing. One limitation of the standard formulation of PT is the growth of computational resources required to generate hi...
2502.10330
DiOpt: Self-supervised Diffusion for Constrained Optimization
cs.LG
Recent advances in diffusion models show promising potential for learning-based optimization by leveraging their multimodal sampling capability to escape local optima. However, existing diffusion-based optimization approaches, often reliant on supervised training, lacks a mechanism to ensure strict constraint satisfa...
2502.10331
InfoPos: A ML-Assisted Solution Design Support Framework for Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems
cs.LG
The variety of building blocks and algorithms incorporated in data-centric and ML-assisted solutions is high, contributing to two challenges: selection of most effective set and order of building blocks, as well as achieving such a selection with minimum cost. Considering that ML-assisted solution design is influence...
2502.10334
Ocular Disease Classification Using CNN with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network
cs.CV
The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has shown impressive performance in image classification because of its strong learning capabilities. However, it demands a substantial and balanced dataset for effective training. Otherwise, networks frequently exhibit over fitting and struggle to generalize to new examples. Pu...
2502.10335
Studying number theory with deep learning: a case study with the M\"obius and squarefree indicator functions
math.NT cs.LG
Building on work of Charton, we train small transformer models to calculate the M\"obius function $\mu(n)$ and the squarefree indicator function $\mu^2(n)$. The models attain nontrivial predictive power. We then iteratively train additional models to understand how the model functions, ultimately finding a theoretica...
2502.10338
Evaluating the Meta- and Object-Level Reasoning of Large Language Models for Question Answering
cs.CL cs.AI
Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in natural language tasks but still face challenges in Question Answering (QA) tasks requiring complex, multi-step reasoning. We outline the types of reasoning required in some of these tasks, and reframe them in terms of meta-level reasoning (akin to high-level strategic reasoning ...
2502.10339
STAR: Spectral Truncation and Rescale for Model Merging
cs.CL cs.AI cs.LG
Model merging is an efficient way of obtaining a multi-task model from several pretrained models without further fine-tuning, and it has gained attention in various domains, including natural language processing (NLP). Despite the efficiency, a key challenge in model merging is the seemingly inevitable decrease in ta...
2502.10341
Organize the Web: Constructing Domains Enhances Pre-Training Data Curation
cs.CL
Modern language models are trained on large, unstructured datasets consisting of trillions of tokens and obtained by crawling the web. The unstructured nature makes it difficult to reason about their contents and develop systematic approaches to data curation. In this paper, we unpack monolithic web corpora by develo...
2502.10352
Agentic Verification for Ambiguous Query Disambiguation
cs.CL
In this work, we tackle the challenge of disambiguating queries in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to diverse yet answerable interpretations. State-of-the-arts follow a Diversify-then-Verify (DtV) pipeline, where diverse interpretations are generated by an LLM, later used as search queries to retrieve supporting...
2502.10353
Assortment Optimization for Patient-Provider Matching
cs.CY cs.LG math.OC
Rising provider turnover forces healthcare administrators to frequently rematch patients to available providers, which can be cumbersome and labor-intensive. To reduce the burden of rematching, we study algorithms for matching patients and providers through assortment optimization. We develop a patient-provider match...
2502.10354
Dimension-free Score Matching and Time Bootstrapping for Diffusion Models
cs.LG math.ST stat.ML stat.TH
Diffusion models generate samples by estimating the score function of the target distribution at various noise levels. The model is trained using samples drawn from the target distribution, progressively adding noise. In this work, we establish the first (nearly) dimension-free sample complexity bounds for learning t...
2502.10357
Learning Euler Factors of Elliptic Curves
math.NT cs.LG
We apply transformer models and feedforward neural networks to predict Frobenius traces $a_p$ from elliptic curves given other traces $a_q$. We train further models to predict $a_p \bmod 2$ from $a_q \bmod 2$, and cross-analysis such as $a_p \bmod 2$ from $a_q$. Our experiments reveal that these models achieve high a...
2502.10359
Proper Learnability and the Role of Unlabeled Data
cs.LG stat.ML
Proper learning refers to the setting in which learners must emit predictors in the underlying hypothesis class $H$, and often leads to learners with simple algorithmic forms (e.g. empirical risk minimization (ERM), structural risk minimization (SRM)). The limitation of proper learning, however, is that there exist p...
2502.10361
Enhancing Multilingual LLM Pretraining with Model-Based Data Selection
cs.CL cs.LG
Dataset curation has become a basis for strong large language model (LLM) performance. While various rule-based filtering heuristics exist for English and multilingual datasets, model-based filtering techniques have primarily focused on English. To address the disparity stemming from limited research on non-English l...
2502.10363
BeamDojo: Learning Agile Humanoid Locomotion on Sparse Footholds
cs.RO cs.AI cs.LG
Traversing risky terrains with sparse footholds poses a significant challenge for humanoid robots, requiring precise foot placements and stable locomotion. Existing approaches designed for quadrupedal robots often fail to generalize to humanoid robots due to differences in foot geometry and unstable morphology, while...
2502.10365
AffinityFlow: Guided Flows for Antibody Affinity Maturation
cs.LG
Antibodies are widely used as therapeutics, but their development requires costly affinity maturation, involving iterative mutations to enhance binding affinity.This paper explores a sequence-only scenario for affinity maturation, using solely antibody and antigen sequences. Recently AlphaFlow wraps AlphaFold within ...
2502.10367
Decentralized State Estimation and Opacity Verification Based on Partially Ordered Observation Sequences
eess.SY cs.SY
In this paper, we investigate state estimation and opacity verification problems within a decentralized observation architecture. Specifically, we consider a discrete event system whose behavior is recorded by a set of observation sites. These sites transmit the partially ordered sequences of observations that they r...
2502.10373
OWLS: Scaling Laws for Multilingual Speech Recognition and Translation Models
cs.CL cs.AI cs.LG eess.AS
Neural scaling laws offer valuable insights for designing robust sequence processing architectures. While these laws have been extensively characterized in other modalities, their behavior in speech remains comparatively underexplored. In this work, we introduce OWLS, an open-access, reproducible suite of multilingua...
2502.10377
ReStyle3D: Scene-Level Appearance Transfer with Semantic Correspondences
cs.CV cs.GR
We introduce ReStyle3D, a novel framework for scene-level appearance transfer from a single style image to a real-world scene represented by multiple views. The method combines explicit semantic correspondences with multi-view consistency to achieve precise and coherent stylization. Unlike conventional stylization me...
2502.10378
Unknown Word Detection for English as a Second Language (ESL) Learners Using Gaze and Pre-trained Language Models
cs.HC cs.CL
English as a Second Language (ESL) learners often encounter unknown words that hinder their text comprehension. Automatically detecting these words as users read can enable computing systems to provide just-in-time definitions, synonyms, or contextual explanations, thereby helping users learn vocabulary in a natural ...
2502.10381
Balancing the Scales: A Theoretical and Algorithmic Framework for Learning from Imbalanced Data
cs.LG stat.ML
Class imbalance remains a major challenge in machine learning, especially in multi-class problems with long-tailed distributions. Existing methods, such as data resampling, cost-sensitive techniques, and logistic loss modifications, though popular and often effective, lack solid theoretical foundations. As an example...
2502.10383
Representation and Interpretation in Artificial and Natural Computing
cs.AI
Artificial computing machinery transforms representations through an objective process, to be interpreted subjectively by humans, so the machine and the interpreter are different entities, but in the putative natural computing both processes are performed by the same agent. The method or process that transforms a rep...
2502.10385
Simplifying DINO via Coding Rate Regularization
cs.CV cs.AI
DINO and DINOv2 are two model families being widely used to learn representations from unlabeled imagery data at large scales. Their learned representations often enable state-of-the-art performance for downstream tasks, such as image classification and segmentation. However, they employ many empirically motivated de...
2502.10388
Aspect-Oriented Summarization for Psychiatric Short-Term Readmission Prediction
cs.CL
Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has enabled the automated processing of lengthy documents even without supervised training on a task-specific dataset. Yet, their zero-shot performance in complex tasks as opposed to straightforward information extraction tasks remains suboptimal. One feasible approach ...
2502.10389
Region-Adaptive Sampling for Diffusion Transformers
cs.CV cs.AI
Diffusion models (DMs) have become the leading choice for generative tasks across diverse domains. However, their reliance on multiple sequential forward passes significantly limits real-time performance. Previous acceleration methods have primarily focused on reducing the number of sampling steps or reusing intermed...
2502.10390
(How) Can Transformers Predict Pseudo-Random Numbers?
cs.LG cond-mat.dis-nn cs.CR stat.ML
Transformers excel at discovering patterns in sequential data, yet their fundamental limitations and learning mechanisms remain crucial topics of investigation. In this paper, we study the ability of Transformers to learn pseudo-random number sequences from linear congruential generators (LCGs), defined by the recurr...
2502.10391
MM-RLHF: The Next Step Forward in Multimodal LLM Alignment
cs.CL cs.CV
Despite notable advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), most state-of-the-art models have not undergone thorough alignment with human preferences. This gap exists because current alignment research has primarily achieved progress in specific areas (e.g., hallucination reduction), while the broader q...
2502.10392
Text-guided Sparse Voxel Pruning for Efficient 3D Visual Grounding
cs.CV cs.LG
In this paper, we propose an efficient multi-level convolution architecture for 3D visual grounding. Conventional methods are difficult to meet the requirements of real-time inference due to the two-stage or point-based architecture. Inspired by the success of multi-level fully sparse convolutional architecture in 3D...
2502.10394
A Coordination-based Approach for Focused Learning in Knowledge-Based Systems
cs.AI cs.CL
Recent progress in Learning by Reading and Machine Reading systems has significantly increased the capacity of knowledge-based systems to learn new facts. In this work, we discuss the problem of selecting a set of learning requests for these knowledge-based systems which would lead to maximum Q/A performance. To unde...
2502.10395
An Integrated Platform for Studying Learning with Intelligent Tutoring Systems: CTAT+TutorShop
cs.CY cs.AI cs.HC
Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) are effective in helping students learn; further research could make them even more effective. Particularly desirable is research into how students learn with these systems, how these systems best support student learning, and what learning sciences principles are key in ITSs. CTAT...
2502.10396
DASKT: A Dynamic Affect Simulation Method for Knowledge Tracing
cs.CY cs.AI cs.LG
Knowledge Tracing (KT) predicts future performance by modeling students' historical interactions, and understanding students' affective states can enhance the effectiveness of KT, thereby improving the quality of education. Although traditional KT values students' cognition and learning behaviors, efficient evaluatio...
2502.10398
Practical Application and Limitations of AI Certification Catalogues in the Light of the AI Act
cs.CY cs.AI cs.LG
In this work-in-progress, we investigate the certification of AI systems, focusing on the practical application and limitations of existing certification catalogues in the light of the AI Act by attempting to certify a publicly available AI system. We aim to evaluate how well current approaches work to effectively ce...
2502.10399
Data Stewardship Decoded: Mapping Its Diverse Manifestations and Emerging Relevance at a time of AI
cs.CY cs.AI cs.DB
Data stewardship has become a critical component of modern data governance, especially with the growing use of artificial intelligence (AI). Despite its increasing importance, the concept of data stewardship remains ambiguous and varies in its application. This paper explores four distinct manifestations of data stew...
2502.10401
You Can't Get There From Here: Redefining Information Science to address our sociotechnical futures
cs.CY cs.AI cs.HC
Current definitions of Information Science are inadequate to comprehensively describe the nature of its field of study and for addressing the problems that are arising from intelligent technologies. The ubiquitous rise of artificial intelligence applications and their impact on society demands the field of Informatio...
2502.10403
Implementing agile healthcare frame works in the context of low income countries: Proposed Framework and Review
cs.ET cs.CY cs.IR
Agile healthcare frameworks, derived from methodologies in IT and manufacturing, offer transformative potential for low-income regions. This study explores Agile integration in resource-constrained environments, focusing on Ghana. Key benefits include adaptability, iterative planning, and stakeholder collaboration to...
2502.10406
FishBargain: An LLM-Empowered Bargaining Agent for Online Fleamarket Platform Sellers
cs.CY cs.AI
Different from traditional Business-to-Consumer e-commerce platforms~(e.g., Amazon), online fleamarket platforms~(e.g., Craigslist) mainly focus on individual sellers who are lack of time investment and business proficiency. Individual sellers often struggle with the bargaining process and thus the deal is unaccompli...
2502.10407
Addressing Bias in Generative AI: Challenges and Research Opportunities in Information Management
cs.CY cs.AI cs.HC
Generative AI technologies, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), have transformed information management systems but introduced substantial biases that can compromise their effectiveness in informing business decision-making. This challenge presents information management scholars with a unique opportunity to a...
2502.10408
Knowledge Tracing in Programming Education Integrating Students' Questions
cs.CY cs.AI cs.SE
Knowledge tracing (KT) in programming education presents unique challenges due to the complexity of coding tasks and the diverse methods students use to solve problems. Although students' questions often contain valuable signals about their understanding and misconceptions, traditional KT models often neglect to inco...
2502.10409
Data Science Students Perspectives on Learning Analytics: An Application of Human-Led and LLM Content Analysis
cs.CY cs.AI cs.ET stat.AP
Objective This study is part of a series of initiatives at a UK university designed to cultivate a deep understanding of students' perspectives on analytics that resonate with their unique learning needs. It explores collaborative data processing undertaken by postgraduate students who examined an Open University Lea...
2502.10410
Auto-Evaluation: A Critical Measure in Driving Improvements in Quality and Safety of AI-Generated Lesson Resources
cs.CY cs.AI
As a publicly funded body in the UK, Oak National Academy is in a unique position to innovate within this field as we have a comprehensive curriculum of approximately 13,000 open education resources (OER) for all National Curriculum subjects, designed and quality-assured by expert, human teachers. This has provided t...
2502.10411
TrueReason: An Exemplar Personalised Learning System Integrating Reasoning with Foundational Models
cs.CY cs.AI cs.CL cs.IR cs.MA
Personalised education is one of the domains that can greatly benefit from the most recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLM). However, it is also one of the most challenging applications due to the cognitive complexity of teaching effectively while personalising the learning exp...
2502.10412
Identifying relevant indicators for monitoring a National Artificial Intelligence Strategy
cs.CY cs.AI
How can a National Artificial Intelligence Strategy be effectively monitored? To address this question, we propose a methodology consisting of two key components. First, it involves identifying relevant indicators within national AI strategies. Second, it assesses the alignment between these indicators and the strate...
2502.10413
Machine Learning-Driven Convergence Analysis in Multijurisdictional Compliance Using BERT and K-Means Clustering
cs.CY cs.AI cs.CE cs.CL cs.LG
Digital data continues to grow, there has been a shift towards using effective regulatory mechanisms to safeguard personal information. The CCPA of California and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union are two of the most important privacy laws. The regulation is intended to safeguard con...
2502.10414
A Neural Network Training Method Based on Neuron Connection Coefficient Adjustments
cs.NE cs.LG
In previous studies, we introduced a neural network framework based on symmetric differential equations, along with one of its training methods. In this article, we present another training approach for this neural network. This method leverages backward signal propagation and eliminates reliance on the traditional c...
2502.10417
Evolutionary Power-Aware Routing in VANETs using Monte-Carlo Simulation
cs.NE cs.AI cs.NI
This work addresses the reduction of power consumption of the AODV routing protocol in vehicular networks as an optimization problem. Nowadays, network designers focus on energy-aware communication protocols, specially to deploy wireless networks. Here, we introduce an automatic method to search for energy-efficient ...
2502.10418
A Novel Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm for Counterfactual Generation
cs.NE cs.LG
Machine learning algorithms that learn black-box predictive models (which cannot be directly interpreted) are increasingly used to make predictions affecting the lives of people. It is important that users understand the predictions of such models, particularly when the model outputs a negative prediction for the use...
2502.10419
A Hybrid Swarm Intelligence Approach for Optimizing Multimodal Large Language Models Deployment in Edge-Cloud-based Federated Learning Environments
cs.NE cs.AI cs.LG
The combination of Federated Learning (FL), Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), and edge-cloud computing enables distributed and real-time data processing while preserving privacy across edge devices and cloud infrastructure. However, the deployment of MLLMs in FL environments with resource-constrained edge dev...
2502.10420
Position: Stop Acting Like Language Model Agents Are Normal Agents
cs.AI cs.CL
Language Model Agents (LMAs) are increasingly treated as capable of autonomously navigating interactions with humans and tools. Their design and deployment tends to presume they are normal agents capable of sustaining coherent goals, adapting across contexts and acting with a measure of intentionality. These assumpti...
2502.10421
DRiVE: Dynamic Recognition in VEhicles using snnTorch
cs.NE cs.AI cs.CV cs.LG
Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) mimic biological brain activity, processing data efficiently through an event-driven design, wherein the neurons activate only when inputs exceed specific thresholds. Their ability to track voltage changes over time via membrane potential dynamics helps retain temporal information. This...
2502.10422
DA-LIF: Dual Adaptive Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Model for Deep Spiking Neural Networks
cs.NE cs.AI
Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are valued for their ability to process spatio-temporal information efficiently, offering biological plausibility, low energy consumption, and compatibility with neuromorphic hardware. However, the commonly used Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) model overlooks neuron heterogeneity and ind...
2502.10423
Spiking Neural Network Feature Discrimination Boosts Modality Fusion
cs.NE cs.CV cs.LG eess.IV
Feature discrimination is a crucial aspect of neural network design, as it directly impacts the network's ability to distinguish between classes and generalize across diverse datasets. The accomplishment of achieving high-quality feature representations ensures high intra-class separability and poses one of the most ...
2502.10424
QuantSpec: Self-Speculative Decoding with Hierarchical Quantized KV Cache
cs.LG cs.AI
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed on edge devices for long-context settings, creating a growing need for fast and efficient long-context inference. In these scenarios, the Key-Value (KV) cache is the primary bottleneck in terms of both GPU memory and latency, as the full KV cache must be lo...
2502.10425
Neuron Platonic Intrinsic Representation From Dynamics Using Contrastive Learning
q-bio.NC cs.AI cs.NE
The Platonic Representation Hypothesis suggests a universal, modality-independent reality representation behind different data modalities. Inspired by this, we view each neuron as a system and detect its multi-segment activity data under various peripheral conditions. We assume there's a time-invariant representation...
2502.10428
Dynamic Chain-of-Thought: Towards Adaptive Deep Reasoning
cs.AI cs.LG
To reduce the cost and consumption of computing resources caused by computational redundancy and delayed reward assignment in long CoT, this research proposes the dynamic chain-of-thought (D-CoT) with adaptive reasoning time and steps. The researcher used simulation experiment to simulate the integration of D-CoT thr...
2502.10429
Real Time Control of Tandem-Wing Experimental Platform Using Concerto Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG cs.AI cs.RO cs.SY eess.SY
This paper introduces the CRL2RT algorithm, an advanced reinforcement learning method aimed at improving the real-time control performance of the Direct-Drive Tandem-Wing Experimental Platform (DDTWEP). Inspired by dragonfly flight, DDTWEP's tandem wing structure causes nonlinear and unsteady aerodynamic interactions...
2502.10431
Leveraging Constraint Violation Signals For Action-Constrained Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG cs.AI
In many RL applications, ensuring an agent's actions adhere to constraints is crucial for safety. Most previous methods in Action-Constrained Reinforcement Learning (ACRL) employ a projection layer after the policy network to correct the action. However projection-based methods suffer from issues like the zero gradie...
2502.10432
A Case Study on Virtual and Physical I/O Throughputs
cs.DC cs.DB
Input/Output (I/O) performance is one of the key areas that need to be carefully examined to better support IT services. With the rapid development and deployment of virtualization technology, many essential business applications have been migrated to the virtualized platform due to reduced cost and improved agility....
2502.10433
Neural Genetic Search in Discrete Spaces
cs.NE cs.LG
Effective search methods are crucial for improving the performance of deep generative models at test time. In this paper, we introduce a novel test-time search method, Neural Genetic Search (NGS), which incorporates the evolutionary mechanism of genetic algorithms into the generation procedure of deep models. The cor...
2502.10434
Agency in Artificial Intelligence Systems
cs.AI cs.CY
There is a general concern that present developments in artificial intelligence (AI) research will lead to sentient AI systems, and these may pose an existential threat to humanity. But why cannot sentient AI systems benefit humanity instead? This paper endeavours to put this question in a tractable manner. I ask whe...
2502.10435
RAMer: Reconstruction-based Adversarial Model for Multi-party Multi-modal Multi-label Emotion Recognition
cs.CV cs.AI
Conventional multi-modal multi-label emotion recognition (MMER) from videos typically assumes full availability of visual, textual, and acoustic modalities. However, real-world multi-party settings often violate this assumption, as non-speakers frequently lack acoustic and textual inputs, leading to a significant deg...
2502.10436
MERGE$^3$: Efficient Evolutionary Merging on Consumer-grade GPUs
cs.NE cs.AI cs.LG
Evolutionary model merging enables the creation of high-performing multi-task models but remains computationally prohibitive for consumer hardware. We introduce MERGE$^3$, an efficient framework that makes evolutionary merging feasible on a single GPU by reducing fitness computation costs 50$\times$ while preserving ...
2502.10438
Injecting Universal Jailbreak Backdoors into LLMs in Minutes
cs.CR cs.AI cs.LG
Jailbreak backdoor attacks on LLMs have garnered attention for their effectiveness and stealth. However, existing methods rely on the crafting of poisoned datasets and the time-consuming process of fine-tuning. In this work, we propose JailbreakEdit, a novel jailbreak backdoor injection method that exploits model edi...
2502.10439
Crypto Miner Attack: GPU Remote Code Execution Attacks
cs.CR cs.AI cs.LG
Remote Code Execution (RCE) exploits pose a significant threat to AI and ML systems, particularly in GPU-accelerated environments where the computational power of GPUs can be misused for malicious purposes. This paper focuses on RCE attacks leveraging deserialization vulnerabilities and custom layers, such as TensorF...
2502.10440
Towards Copyright Protection for Knowledge Bases of Retrieval-augmented Language Models via Ownership Verification with Reasoning
cs.CR cs.AI cs.CL cs.IR cs.LG
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into real-world applications through retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mechanisms to supplement their responses with up-to-date and domain-specific knowledge. However, the valuable and often proprietary nature of the knowledge bases used in RAG introduces th...
2502.10441
AI Alignment at Your Discretion
cs.AI cs.CY cs.LG
In AI alignment, extensive latitude must be granted to annotators, either human or algorithmic, to judge which model outputs are `better' or `safer.' We refer to this latitude as alignment discretion. Such discretion remains largely unexamined, posing two risks: (i) annotators may use their power of discretion arbitr...
2502.10442
Analysis of Overparameterization in Continual Learning under a Linear Model
cs.LG cs.AI stat.ML
Autonomous machine learning systems that learn many tasks in sequence are prone to the catastrophic forgetting problem. Mathematical theory is needed in order to understand the extent of forgetting during continual learning. As a foundational step towards this goal, we study continual learning and catastrophic forget...
2502.10443
One Class Restricted Kernel Machines
cs.LG
Restricted kernel machines (RKMs) have demonstrated a significant impact in enhancing generalization ability in the field of machine learning. Recent studies have introduced various methods within the RKM framework, combining kernel functions with the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) in a manner similar t...
2502.10444
A Survey of Representation Learning, Optimization Strategies, and Applications for Omnidirectional Vision
cs.CV
Omnidirectional image (ODI) data is captured with a field-of-view of 360x180, which is much wider than the pinhole cameras and captures richer surrounding environment details than the conventional perspective images. In recent years, the availability of customer-level 360 cameras has made omnidirectional vision more ...
2502.10446
Evaluating and Explaining Earthquake-Induced Liquefaction Potential through Multi-Modal Transformers
cs.LG physics.geo-ph
This study presents an explainable parallel transformer architecture for soil liquefaction prediction that integrates three distinct data streams: spectral seismic encoding, soil stratigraphy tokenization, and site-specific features. The architecture processes data from 165 case histories across 11 major earthquakes,...
2502.10447
MoHAVE: Mixture of Hierarchical Audio-Visual Experts for Robust Speech Recognition
eess.AS cs.CL cs.LG
Audio-visual speech recognition (AVSR) has become critical for enhancing speech recognition in noisy environments by integrating both auditory and visual modalities. However, existing AVSR systems struggle to scale up without compromising computational efficiency. In this study, we introduce MoHAVE (Mixture of Hierar...
2502.10450
Trustworthy AI on Safety, Bias, and Privacy: A Survey
cs.CR cs.AI cs.CL cs.LG
The capabilities of artificial intelligence systems have been advancing to a great extent, but these systems still struggle with failure modes, vulnerabilities, and biases. In this paper, we study the current state of the field, and present promising insights and perspectives regarding concerns that challenge the tru...
2502.10451
FlexControl: Computation-Aware ControlNet with Differentiable Router for Text-to-Image Generation
cs.LG cs.GR
ControlNet offers a powerful way to guide diffusion-based generative models, yet most implementations rely on ad-hoc heuristics to choose which network blocks to control-an approach that varies unpredictably with different tasks. To address this gap, we propose FlexControl, a novel framework that copies all diffusion...
2502.10452
Quaternion-Hadamard Network: A Novel Defense Against Adversarial Attacks with a New Dataset
cs.LG eess.IV
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep-learning models designed for rain, snow, and haze removal. Despite enhancing image quality in adverse weather, these models are susceptible to adversarial attacks that compromise their effectiveness. Traditional defenses such as adversarial training and model distillatio...
2502.10453
Linking Cryptoasset Attribution Tags to Knowledge Graph Entities: An LLM-based Approach
cs.CR cs.AI cs.CL cs.DB cs.LG
Attribution tags form the foundation of modern cryptoasset forensics. However, inconsistent or incorrect tags can mislead investigations and even result in false accusations. To address this issue, we propose a novel computational method based on Large Language Models (LLMs) to link attribution tags with well-defined...
2502.10454
One Example Shown, Many Concepts Known! Counterexample-Driven Conceptual Reasoning in Mathematical LLMs
cs.LG cs.AI cs.CL
Leveraging mathematical Large Language Models (LLMs) for proof generation is a fundamental topic in LLMs research. We argue that the ability of current LLMs to prove statements largely depends on whether they have encountered the relevant proof process during training. This reliance limits their deeper understanding ...
2502.10455
E2LVLM:Evidence-Enhanced Large Vision-Language Model for Multimodal Out-of-Context Misinformation Detection
cs.LG cs.MM
Recent studies in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive advancements in multimodal Out-of-Context (OOC) misinformation detection, discerning whether an authentic image is wrongly used in a claim. Despite their success, the textual evidence of authentic images retrieved from the inverse sea...
2502.10456
Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based User Scheduling for Collaborative Perception
cs.LG cs.RO
Stand-alone perception systems in autonomous driving suffer from limited sensing ranges and occlusions at extended distances, potentially resulting in catastrophic outcomes. To address this issue, collaborative perception is envisioned to improve perceptual accuracy by using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication ...
2502.10458
I Think, Therefore I Diffuse: Enabling Multimodal In-Context Reasoning in Diffusion Models
cs.LG cs.AI
This paper presents ThinkDiff, a novel alignment paradigm that empowers text-to-image diffusion models with multimodal in-context understanding and reasoning capabilities by integrating the strengths of vision-language models (VLMs). Existing multimodal diffusion finetuning methods largely focus on pixel-level recons...
2502.10459
LLM4GNAS: A Large Language Model Based Toolkit for Graph Neural Architecture Search
cs.LG cs.AI
Graph Neural Architecture Search (GNAS) facilitates the automatic design of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) tailored to specific downstream graph learning tasks. However, existing GNAS approaches often require manual adaptation to new graph search spaces, necessitating substantial code optimization and domain-specific k...
2502.10460
SenDaL: An Effective and Efficient Calibration Framework of Low-Cost Sensors for Daily Life
cs.LG
The collection of accurate and noise-free data is a crucial part of Internet of Things (IoT)-controlled environments. However, the data collected from various sensors in daily life often suffer from inaccuracies. Additionally, IoT-controlled devices with low-cost sensors lack sufficient hardware resources to employ c...
2502.10461
Performance of energy harvesters with parameter mismatch
eess.SY cs.SY
This study explores the impact of parameter mismatch on the stability of cross-well motion in energy harvesters, using a basin stability metric. Energy harvesters, essential for converting ambient energy into electricity, increasingly incorporate multi-well systems to enhance efficiency. However, these systems are se...
2502.10463
From Layers to States: A State Space Model Perspective to Deep Neural Network Layer Dynamics
cs.LG cs.AI cs.NI
The depth of neural networks is a critical factor for their capability, with deeper models often demonstrating superior performance. Motivated by this, significant efforts have been made to enhance layer aggregation - reusing information from previous layers to better extract features at the current layer, to improve...