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2502.14178
NeRF-3DTalker: Neural Radiance Field with 3D Prior Aided Audio Disentanglement for Talking Head Synthesis
cs.GR cs.CV cs.MM cs.SD eess.AS
Talking head synthesis is to synthesize a lip-synchronized talking head video using audio. Recently, the capability of NeRF to enhance the realism and texture details of synthesized talking heads has attracted the attention of researchers. However, most current NeRF methods based on audio are exclusively concerned wi...
2502.14180
On the logical skills of large language models: evaluations using arbitrarily complex first-order logic problems
cs.LG cs.CL
We present a method of generating first-order logic statements whose complexity can be controlled along multiple dimensions. We use this method to automatically create several datasets consisting of questions asking for the truth or falsity of first-order logic statements in Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. While the res...
2502.14182
Multi-Faceted Studies on Data Poisoning can Advance LLM Development
cs.CR cs.LG
The lifecycle of large language models (LLMs) is far more complex than that of traditional machine learning models, involving multiple training stages, diverse data sources, and varied inference methods. While prior research on data poisoning attacks has primarily focused on the safety vulnerabilities of LLMs, these ...
2502.14183
Type 1 Diabetes Management using GLIMMER: Glucose Level Indicator Model with Modified Error Rate
cs.LG cs.AI
Managing Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) demands constant vigilance as individuals strive to regulate their blood glucose levels to avert the dangers of dysglycemia (hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia). Despite the advent of sophisticated technologies such as automated insulin delivery (AID) systems, achieving optimal glycemic cont...
2502.14184
Bayesian SegNet for Semantic Segmentation with Improved Interpretation of Microstructural Evolution During Irradiation of Materials
cs.CV cs.LG
Understanding the relationship between the evolution of microstructures of irradiated LiAlO2 pellets and tritium diffusion, retention and release could improve predictions of tritium-producing burnable absorber rod performance. Given expert-labeled segmented images of irradiated and unirradiated pellets, we trained D...
2502.14185
REFLEX Dataset: A Multimodal Dataset of Human Reactions to Robot Failures and Explanations
cs.RO
This work presents REFLEX: Robotic Explanations to FaiLures and Human EXpressions, a comprehensive multimodal dataset capturing human reactions to robot failures and subsequent explanations in collaborative settings. It aims to facilitate research into human-robot interaction dynamics, addressing the need to study re...
2502.14187
Federated Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models: Kahneman-Tversky vs. Direct Preference Optimization
cs.LG cs.CL
We evaluate Kahneman-Tversky Optimization (KTO) as a fine-tuning method for large language models (LLMs) in federated learning (FL) settings, comparing it against Direct Preference Optimization (DPO). Using Alpaca-7B as the base model, we fine-tune on a realistic dataset under both methods and evaluate performance us...
2502.14189
QUAD-LLM-MLTC: Large Language Models Ensemble Learning for Healthcare Text Multi-Label Classification
cs.CL
The escalating volume of collected healthcare textual data presents a unique challenge for automated Multi-Label Text Classification (MLTC), which is primarily due to the scarcity of annotated texts for training and their nuanced nature. Traditional machine learning models often fail to fully capture the array of exp...
2502.14190
Stereo Image Coding for Machines with Joint Visual Feature Compression
cs.CV eess.IV
2D image coding for machines (ICM) has achieved great success in coding efficiency, while less effort has been devoted to stereo image fields. To promote the efficiency of stereo image compression (SIC) and intelligent analysis, the stereo image coding for machines (SICM) is formulated and explored in this paper. Mor...
2502.14191
Multimodal RewardBench: Holistic Evaluation of Reward Models for Vision Language Models
cs.CV cs.AI
Reward models play an essential role in training vision-language models (VLMs) by assessing output quality to enable aligning with human preferences. Despite their importance, the research community lacks comprehensive open benchmarks for evaluating multimodal reward models in VLMs. To address this gap, we introduce ...
2502.14192
NLP-AKG: Few-Shot Construction of NLP Academic Knowledge Graph Based on LLM
cs.CL cs.DL
Large language models (LLMs) have been widely applied in question answering over scientific research papers. To enhance the professionalism and accuracy of responses, many studies employ external knowledge augmentation. However, existing structures of external knowledge in scientific literature often focus solely on ...
2502.14195
Bridging Text and Vision: A Multi-View Text-Vision Registration Approach for Cross-Modal Place Recognition
cs.CV
Mobile robots necessitate advanced natural language understanding capabilities to accurately identify locations and perform tasks such as package delivery. However, traditional visual place recognition (VPR) methods rely solely on single-view visual information and cannot interpret human language descriptions. To ove...
2502.14197
Adaptive Sparsified Graph Learning Framework for Vessel Behavior Anomalies
cs.LG cs.AI
Graph neural networks have emerged as a powerful tool for learning spatiotemporal interactions. However, conventional approaches often rely on predefined graphs, which may obscure the precise relationships being modeled. Additionally, existing methods typically define nodes based on fixed spatial locations, a strateg...
2502.14198
Antenna Position and Beamforming Optimization for Movable Antenna Enabled ISAC: Optimal Solutions and Efficient Algorithms
cs.IT eess.SP math.IT
In this paper, we propose an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system enabled by movable antennas (MAs), which can dynamically adjust antenna positions to enhance both sensing and communication performance for future wireless networks. To characterize the benefits of MA-enabled ISAC systems, we first derive...
2502.14200
Causal Mean Field Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI cs.MA
Scalability remains a challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning and is currently under active research. A framework named mean-field reinforcement learning (MFRL) could alleviate the scalability problem by employing the Mean Field Theory to turn a many-agent problem into a two-agent problem. However, this frame...
2502.14202
Do LLMs Consider Security? An Empirical Study on Responses to Programming Questions
cs.SE cs.AI cs.CL cs.LG
The widespread adoption of conversational LLMs for software development has raised new security concerns regarding the safety of LLM-generated content. Our motivational study outlines ChatGPT's potential in volunteering context-specific information to the developers, promoting safe coding practices. Motivated by this...
2502.14204
On-the-fly Preference Alignment via Principle-Guided Decoding
cs.CL cs.AI
With the rapidly expanding landscape of large language models, aligning model generations with human values and preferences is becoming increasingly important. Popular alignment methods, such as Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback, have shown significant success in guiding models with greater control. However,...
2502.14205
Accurate Forgetting for Heterogeneous Federated Continual Learning
cs.LG cs.AI
Recent years have witnessed a burgeoning interest in federated learning (FL). However, the contexts in which clients engage in sequential learning remain under-explored. Bridging FL and continual learning (CL) gives rise to a challenging practical problem: federated continual learning (FCL). Existing research in FCL ...
2502.14208
A Non-Asymptotic Theory of Seminorm Lyapunov Stability: From Deterministic to Stochastic Iterative Algorithms
cs.LG math.OC stat.ML
We study the problem of solving fixed-point equations for seminorm-contractive operators and establish foundational results on the non-asymptotic behavior of iterative algorithms in both deterministic and stochastic settings. Specifically, in the deterministic setting, we prove a fixed-point theorem for seminorm-cont...
2502.14209
Spatial and Frequency Domain Adaptive Fusion Network for Image Deblurring
cs.CV
Image deblurring aims to reconstruct a latent sharp image from its corresponding blurred one. Although existing methods have achieved good performance, most of them operate exclusively in either the spatial domain or the frequency domain, rarely exploring solutions that fuse both domains. In this paper, we propose a ...
2502.14210
Sample Complexity of Linear Quadratic Regulator Without Initial Stability
math.OC cs.LG cs.SY eess.SY
Inspired by REINFORCE, we introduce a novel receding-horizon algorithm for the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) problem with unknown parameters. Unlike prior methods, our algorithm avoids reliance on two-point gradient estimates while maintaining the same order of sample complexity. Furthermore, it eliminates the res...
2502.14211
Transfer-Prompting: Enhancing Cross-Task Adaptation in Large Language Models via Dual-Stage Prompts Optimization
cs.CL
Large language models (LLMs) face significant challenges when balancing multiple high-level objectives, such as generating coherent, relevant, and high-quality responses while maintaining efficient task adaptation across diverse tasks. To address these challenges, we introduce Transfer-Prompting, a novel two-stage fr...
2502.14212
Less is More: On the Importance of Data Quality for Unit Test Generation
cs.SE cs.IR
Unit testing is crucial for software development and maintenance. Effective unit testing ensures and improves software quality, but writing unit tests is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Recent studies have proposed deep learning (DL) techniques or large language models (LLMs) to automate unit test generation. The...
2502.14214
Asymmetric Co-Training for Source-Free Few-Shot Domain Adaptation
cs.LG cs.CV
Source-free unsupervised domain adaptation (SFUDA) has gained significant attention as an alternative to traditional unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA), which relies on the constant availability of labeled source data. However, SFUDA approaches come with inherent limitations that are frequently overlooked. These ch...
2502.14215
Towards Secure Program Partitioning for Smart Contracts with LLM's In-Context Learning
cs.SE cs.AI
Smart contracts are highly susceptible to manipulation attacks due to the leakage of sensitive information. Addressing manipulation vulnerabilities is particularly challenging because they stem from inherent data confidentiality issues rather than straightforward implementation bugs. To tackle this by preventing sens...
2502.14218
Rethinking Spiking Neural Networks from an Ensemble Learning Perspective
cs.LG cs.AI
Spiking neural networks (SNNs) exhibit superior energy efficiency but suffer from limited performance. In this paper, we consider SNNs as ensembles of temporal subnetworks that share architectures and weights, and highlight a crucial issue that affects their performance: excessive differences in initial states (neuro...
2502.14219
Investigating the Impact of LLM Personality on Cognitive Bias Manifestation in Automated Decision-Making Tasks
cs.AI
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in decision-making, yet their susceptibility to cognitive biases remains a pressing challenge. This study explores how personality traits influence these biases and evaluates the effectiveness of mitigation strategies across various model architectures. Our findings ...
2502.14221
H3DE-Net: Efficient and Accurate 3D Landmark Detection in Medical Imaging
cs.CV
3D landmark detection is a critical task in medical image analysis, and accurately detecting anatomical landmarks is essential for subsequent medical imaging tasks. However, mainstream deep learning methods in this field struggle to simultaneously capture fine-grained local features and model global spatial relations...
2502.14222
Enhancing Pavement Sensor Data Acquisition for AI-Driven Transportation Research
cs.DB cs.AI eess.SP
Effective strategies for sensor data management are essential for advancing transportation research, especially in the current data-driven era, due to the advent of novel applications in artificial intelligence. This paper presents comprehensive guidelines for managing transportation sensor data, encompassing both ar...
2502.14226
Designing Parameter and Compute Efficient Diffusion Transformers using Distillation
cs.CV eess.IV
Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) with billions of model parameters form the backbone of popular image and video generation models like DALL.E, Stable-Diffusion and SORA. Though these models are necessary in many low-latency applications like Augmented/Virtual Reality, they cannot be deployed on resource-constrained Edge...
2502.14227
SleepGMUformer: A gated multimodal temporal neural network for sleep staging
cs.LG cs.AI
Sleep staging is a key method for assessing sleep quality and diagnosing sleep disorders. However, current deep learning methods face challenges: 1) postfusion techniques ignore the varying contributions of different modalities; 2) unprocessed sleep data can interfere with frequency-domain information. To tackle thes...
2502.14231
Real-Time Sampling-based Online Planning for Drone Interception
cs.RO cs.LG cs.SY eess.SY
This paper studies high-speed online planning in dynamic environments. The problem requires finding time-optimal trajectories that conform to system dynamics, meeting computational constraints for real-time adaptation, and accounting for uncertainty from environmental changes. To address these challenges, we propose ...
2502.14234
OBELiX: A Curated Dataset of Crystal Structures and Experimentally Measured Ionic Conductivities for Lithium Solid-State Electrolytes
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cs.LG
Solid-state electrolyte batteries are expected to replace liquid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries in the near future thanks to their higher theoretical energy density and improved safety. However, their adoption is currently hindered by their lower effective ionic conductivity, a quantity that governs charge and dis...
2502.14235
OG-Gaussian: Occupancy Based Street Gaussians for Autonomous Driving
cs.CV cs.AI
Accurate and realistic 3D scene reconstruction enables the lifelike creation of autonomous driving simulation environments. With advancements in 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS), previous studies have applied it to reconstruct complex dynamic driving scenes. These methods typically require expensive LiDAR sensors and pre...
2502.14238
No Minima, No Collisions: Combining Modulation and Control Barrier Function Strategies for Feasible Dynamical Collision Avoidance
cs.RO cs.SY eess.SY
As prominent real-time safety-critical reactive control techniques, Control Barrier Function Quadratic Programs (CBF-QPs) work for control affine systems in general but result in local minima in the generated trajectories and consequently cannot ensure convergence to the goals. Contrarily, Modulation of Dynamical Sys...
2502.14242
On the Contraction Analysis of Nonlinear System with Multiple Equilibrium Points
eess.SY cs.SY
In this work, we leverage the 2-contraction theory, which extends the capabilities of classical contraction theory, to develop a global stability framework. Coupled with powerful geometric tools such as the Poincare index theory, the 2-contraction theory enables us to analyze the stability of planar nonlinear systems...
2502.14245
Mitigating Lost-in-Retrieval Problems in Retrieval Augmented Multi-Hop Question Answering
cs.CL
In this paper, we identify a critical problem, "lost-in-retrieval", in retrieval-augmented multi-hop question answering (QA): the key entities are missed in LLMs' sub-question decomposition. "Lost-in-retrieval" significantly degrades the retrieval performance, which disrupts the reasoning chain and leads to the incor...
2502.14247
Pandora3D: A Comprehensive Framework for High-Quality 3D Shape and Texture Generation
cs.GR cs.AI cs.CV
This report presents a comprehensive framework for generating high-quality 3D shapes and textures from diverse input prompts, including single images, multi-view images, and text descriptions. The framework consists of 3D shape generation and texture generation. (1). The 3D shape generation pipeline employs a Variati...
2502.14251
Bayesian Parameter Inference and Uncertainty Quantification for a Computational Pulmonary Hemodynamics Model Using Gaussian Processes
stat.AP cs.CE physics.bio-ph
Patient-specific modeling is a valuable tool in cardiovascular disease research, offering insights beyond what current clinical equipment can measure. Given the limitations of available clinical data, models that incorporate uncertainty can provide clinicians with better guidance for tailored treatments. However, suc...
2502.14252
Towards efficient quantum algorithms for diffusion probability models
quant-ph cs.LG
A diffusion probabilistic model (DPM) is a generative model renowned for its ability to produce high-quality outputs in tasks such as image and audio generation. However, training DPMs on large, high-dimensional datasets such as high-resolution images or audio incurs significant computational, energy, and hardware co...
2502.14254
Mem2Ego: Empowering Vision-Language Models with Global-to-Ego Memory for Long-Horizon Embodied Navigation
cs.RO cs.AI
Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have made them powerful tools in embodied navigation, enabling agents to leverage commonsense and spatial reasoning for efficient exploration in unfamiliar environments. Existing LLM-based approaches convert global memory, such as s...
2502.14255
Effects of Prompt Length on Domain-specific Tasks for Large Language Models
cs.CL cs.AI cs.ET cs.LG
In recent years, Large Language Models have garnered significant attention for their strong performance in various natural language tasks, such as machine translation and question answering. These models demonstrate an impressive ability to generalize across diverse tasks. However, their effectiveness in tackling dom...
2502.14258
Does Time Have Its Place? Temporal Heads: Where Language Models Recall Time-specific Information
cs.CL cs.AI
While the ability of language models to elicit facts has been widely investigated, how they handle temporally changing facts remains underexplored. We discover Temporal Heads, specific attention heads primarily responsible for processing temporal knowledge through circuit analysis. We confirm that these heads are pre...
2502.14259
LabTOP: A Unified Model for Lab Test Outcome Prediction on Electronic Health Records
cs.LG
Lab tests are fundamental for diagnosing diseases and monitoring patient conditions. However, frequent testing can be burdensome for patients, and test results may not always be immediately available. To address these challenges, we propose LabTOP, a unified model that predicts lab test outcomes by leveraging a langu...
2502.14260
EyeBench: A Call for More Rigorous Evaluation of Retinal Image Enhancement
eess.IV cs.AI cs.CV
Over the past decade, generative models have achieved significant success in enhancement fundus images.However, the evaluation of these models still presents a considerable challenge. A comprehensive evaluation benchmark for fundus image enhancement is indispensable for three main reasons: 1) The existing denoising m...
2502.14264
SPRIG: Stackelberg Perception-Reinforcement Learning with Internal Game Dynamics
cs.AI
Deep reinforcement learning agents often face challenges to effectively coordinate perception and decision-making components, particularly in environments with high-dimensional sensory inputs where feature relevance varies. This work introduces SPRIG (Stackelberg Perception-Reinforcement learning with Internal Game d...
2502.14267
Money Recognition for the Visually Impaired: A Case Study on Sri Lankan Banknotes
cs.CV
Currency note recognition is a critical accessibility need for blind individuals, as identifying banknotes accurately can impact their independence and security in financial transactions. Several traditional and technological initiatives have been taken to date. Nevertheless, these approaches are less user-friendly a...
2502.14268
MCQA-Eval: Efficient Confidence Evaluation in NLG with Gold-Standard Correctness Labels
cs.CL cs.AI
Large Language Models (LLMs) require robust confidence estimation, particularly in critical domains like healthcare and law where unreliable outputs can lead to significant consequences. Despite much recent work in confidence estimation, current evaluation frameworks rely on correctness functions -- various heuristic...
2502.14270
Predicting Fetal Birthweight from High Dimensional Data using Advanced Machine Learning
cs.LG
Birth weight serves as a fundamental indicator of neonatal health, closely linked to both early medical interventions and long-term developmental risks. Traditional predictive models, often constrained by limited feature selection and incomplete datasets, struggle to achieve overlooking complex maternal and fetal int...
2502.14271
PaperHelper: Knowledge-Based LLM QA Paper Reading Assistant
cs.CL
In the paper, we introduce a paper reading assistant, PaperHelper, a potent tool designed to enhance the capabilities of researchers in efficiently browsing and understanding scientific literature. Utilizing the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) framework, PaperHelper effectively minimizes hallucinations commonly ...
2502.14272
Capturing Nuanced Preferences: Preference-Aligned Distillation for Small Language Models
cs.CL cs.AI
Aligning small language models (SLMs) with human values typically involves distilling preference knowledge from large language models (LLMs). However, existing distillation methods model preference knowledge in teacher LLMs by comparing pairwise responses, overlooking the extent of difference between responses. This ...
2502.14273
LLM-EvRep: Learning an LLM-Compatible Event Representation Using a Self-Supervised Framework
cs.CV cs.AI cs.MM
Recent advancements in event-based recognition have demonstrated significant promise, yet most existing approaches rely on extensive training, limiting their adaptability for efficient processing of event-driven visual content. Meanwhile, large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable zero-shot capabilities a...
2502.14275
Fact or Guesswork? Evaluating Large Language Model's Medical Knowledge with Structured One-Hop Judgment
cs.CL cs.LG
Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted in various downstream task domains. However, their ability to directly recall and apply factual medical knowledge remains under-explored. Most existing medical QA benchmarks assess complex reasoning or multi-hop inference, making it difficult to isolate LLMs' inhe...
2502.14276
STeCa: Step-level Trajectory Calibration for LLM Agent Learning
cs.LG cs.AI cs.CL
Large language model (LLM)-based agents have shown promise in tackling complex tasks by interacting dynamically with the environment. Existing work primarily focuses on behavior cloning from expert demonstrations and preference learning through exploratory trajectory sampling. However, these methods often struggle in...
2502.14279
OrchardDepth: Precise Metric Depth Estimation of Orchard Scene from Monocular Camera Images
cs.CV
Monocular depth estimation is a rudimentary task in robotic perception. Recently, with the development of more accurate and robust neural network models and different types of datasets, monocular depth estimation has significantly improved performance and efficiency. However, most of the research in this area focuses...
2502.14280
EpMAN: Episodic Memory AttentioN for Generalizing to Longer Contexts
cs.CL cs.AI
Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have yielded impressive successes on many language tasks. However, efficient processing of long contexts using LLMs remains a significant challenge. We introduce \textbf{EpMAN} -- a method for processing long contexts in an \textit{episodic memory} module while \textit{...
2502.14281
Correcting Noisy Multilabel Predictions: Modeling Label Noise through Latent Space Shifts
cs.LG cs.AI
Noise in data appears to be inevitable in most real-world machine learning applications and would cause severe overfitting problems. Not only can data features contain noise, but labels are also prone to be noisy due to human input. In this paper, rather than noisy label learning in multiclass classifications, we ins...
2502.14282
PC-Agent: A Hierarchical Multi-Agent Collaboration Framework for Complex Task Automation on PC
cs.CV
In the field of MLLM-based GUI agents, compared to smartphones, the PC scenario not only features a more complex interactive environment, but also involves more intricate intra- and inter-app workflows. To address these issues, we propose a hierarchical agent framework named PC-Agent. Specifically, from the perceptio...
2502.14285
Vulnerability of Text-to-Image Models to Prompt Template Stealing: A Differential Evolution Approach
cs.CL
Prompt trading has emerged as a significant intellectual property concern in recent years, where vendors entice users by showcasing sample images before selling prompt templates that can generate similar images. This work investigates a critical security vulnerability: attackers can steal prompt templates using only ...
2502.14289
Drift: Decoding-time Personalized Alignments with Implicit User Preferences
cs.CL
Personalized alignments for individual users have been a long-standing goal in large language models (LLMs). We introduce Drift, a novel framework that personalizes LLMs at decoding time with implicit user preferences. Traditional Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) requires thousands of annotated examp...
2502.14293
Graph Anomaly Detection via Adaptive Test-time Representation Learning across Out-of-Distribution Domains
cs.LG cs.AI cs.SI
Graph Anomaly Detection (GAD) has demonstrated great effectiveness in identifying unusual patterns within graph-structured data. However, while labeled anomalies are often scarce in emerging applications, existing supervised GAD approaches are either ineffective or not applicable when moved across graph domains due t...
2502.14294
DAG: Deep Adaptive and Generative $K$-Free Community Detection on Attributed Graphs
cs.SI
Community detection on attributed graphs with rich semantic and topological information offers great potential for real-world network analysis, especially user matching in online games. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have recently enabled Deep Graph Clustering (DGC) methods to learn cluster assignments from semantic an...
2502.14297
An Evaluation of Sakana's AI Scientist for Autonomous Research: Wishful Thinking or an Emerging Reality Towards 'Artificial General Research Intelligence' (AGRI)?
cs.IR cs.AI cs.LG
A major step toward Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and Super Intelligence is AI's ability to autonomously conduct research - what we term Artificial General Research Intelligence (AGRI). If machines could generate hypotheses, conduct experiments, and write research papers without human intervention, it would t...
2502.14298
Generalization Certificates for Adversarially Robust Bayesian Linear Regression
cs.LG stat.ML
Adversarial robustness of machine learning models is critical to ensuring reliable performance under data perturbations. Recent progress has been on point estimators, and this paper considers distributional predictors. First, using the link between exponential families and Bregman divergences, we formulate an adversa...
2502.14301
SEA-HELM: Southeast Asian Holistic Evaluation of Language Models
cs.CL cs.AI
With the rapid emergence of novel capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs), the need for rigorous multilingual and multicultural benchmarks that are integrated has become more pronounced. Though existing LLM benchmarks are capable of evaluating specific capabilities of LLMs in English as well as in various mid- t...
2502.14302
MedHallu: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Detecting Medical Hallucinations in Large Language Models
cs.CL cs.AI cs.LG
Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and their increasing use in medical question-answering necessitate rigorous evaluation of their reliability. A critical challenge lies in hallucination, where models generate plausible yet factually incorrect outputs. In the medical domain, this poses serious risks to pati...
2502.14305
Efficient AI in Practice: Training and Deployment of Efficient LLMs for Industry Applications
cs.IR cs.LG
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of industrial applications, from search and recommendations to generative tasks. Although scaling laws indicate that larger models generally yield better generalization and performance, their substantial computational requiremen...
2502.14307
{\mu}RL: Discovering Transient Execution Vulnerabilities Using Reinforcement Learning
cs.CR cs.AR cs.LG
We propose using reinforcement learning to address the challenges of discovering microarchitectural vulnerabilities, such as Spectre and Meltdown, which exploit subtle interactions in modern processors. Traditional methods like random fuzzing fail to efficiently explore the vast instruction space and often miss vulne...
2502.14309
On Theoretical Limits of Learning with Label Differential Privacy
cs.LG cs.IT math.IT
Label differential privacy (DP) is designed for learning problems involving private labels and public features. While various methods have been proposed for learning under label DP, the theoretical limits remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we investigate the fundamental limits of learning with label DP in both...
2502.14311
The Impact and Feasibility of Self-Confidence Shaping for AI-Assisted Decision-Making
cs.HC cs.CL cs.CY
In AI-assisted decision-making, it is crucial but challenging for humans to appropriately rely on AI, especially in high-stakes domains such as finance and healthcare. This paper addresses this problem from a human-centered perspective by presenting an intervention for self-confidence shaping, designed to calibrate s...
2502.14314
ODVerse33: Is the New YOLO Version Always Better? A Multi Domain benchmark from YOLO v5 to v11
cs.CV
You Look Only Once (YOLO) models have been widely used for building real-time object detectors across various domains. With the increasing frequency of new YOLO versions being released, key questions arise. Are the newer versions always better than their previous versions? What are the core innovations in each YOLO v...
2502.14315
Unveiling Cultural Blind Spots: Analyzing the Limitations of mLLMs in Procedural Text Comprehension
cs.CL
Despite the impressive performance of multilingual large language models (mLLMs) in various natural language processing tasks, their ability to understand procedural texts, particularly those with culture-specific content, remains largely unexplored. Texts describing cultural procedures, including rituals, traditiona...
2502.14316
Textured 3D Regenerative Morphing with 3D Diffusion Prior
cs.CV cs.AI
Textured 3D morphing creates smooth and plausible interpolation sequences between two 3D objects, focusing on transitions in both shape and texture. This is important for creative applications like visual effects in filmmaking. Previous methods rely on establishing point-to-point correspondences and determining smoot...
2502.14317
ParallelComp: Parallel Long-Context Compressor for Length Extrapolation
cs.CL
Efficiently handling long contexts is crucial for large language models (LLMs). While rotary position embeddings (RoPEs) enhance length generalization, effective length extrapolation remains challenging and often requires costly fine-tuning. In contrast, recent training-free approaches suffer from the attention sink ...
2502.14318
Line Goes Up? Inherent Limitations of Benchmarks for Evaluating Large Language Models
cs.CL cs.AI cs.LG
Large language models (LLMs) regularly demonstrate new and impressive performance on a wide range of language, knowledge, and reasoning benchmarks. Such rapid progress has led many commentators to argue that LLM general cognitive capabilities have likewise rapidly improved, with the implication that such models are b...
2502.14321
Beyond Self-Talk: A Communication-Centric Survey of LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems
cs.MA cs.CL
Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable capabilities in reasoning, planning, and decision-making. Building upon these strengths, researchers have begun incorporating LLMs into multi-agent systems (MAS), where agents collaborate or compete through natural language interactions to tackle task...
2502.14327
ChemHTS: Hierarchical Tool Stacking for Enhancing Chemical Agents
cs.CE
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in scientific research, particularly in chemistry-related tasks such as molecular design, reaction prediction, and property estimation. While tool-augmented LLMs have been introduced to enhance reasoning and computation in these domains, existing app...
2502.14332
A Collaborative Jade Recognition System for Mobile Devices Based on Lightweight and Large Models
cs.CV cs.IR
With the widespread adoption and development of mobile devices, vision-based recognition applications have become a hot topic in research. Jade, as an important cultural heritage and artistic item, has significant applications in fields such as jewelry identification and cultural relic preservation. However, existing...
2502.14333
A Survey on Feedback-based Multi-step Reasoning for Large Language Models on Mathematics
cs.CL cs.AI
Recent progress in large language models (LLM) found chain-of-thought prompting strategies to improve the reasoning ability of LLMs by encouraging problem solving through multiple steps. Therefore, subsequent research aimed to integrate the multi-step reasoning process into the LLM itself through process rewards as f...
2502.14334
Purest Quantum State Identification
quant-ph cs.AI
Precise identification of quantum states under noise constraints is essential for quantum information processing. In this study, we generalize the classical best arm identification problem to quantum domains, designing methods for identifying the purest one within $K$ unknown $n$-qubit quantum states using $N$ sample...
2502.14335
Information Types in Product Reviews
cs.CL
Information in text is communicated in a way that supports a goal for its reader. Product reviews, for example, contain opinions, tips, product descriptions, and many other types of information that provide both direct insights, as well as unexpected signals for downstream applications. We devise a typology of 24 com...
2502.14338
English Please: Evaluating Machine Translation for Multilingual Bug Reports
cs.CL cs.SE
Accurate translation of bug reports is critical for efficient collaboration in global software development. In this study, we conduct the first comprehensive evaluation of machine translation (MT) performance on bug reports, analyzing the capabilities of DeepL, AWS Translate, and ChatGPT using data from the Visual St...
2502.14340
Earlier Tokens Contribute More: Learning Direct Preference Optimization From Temporal Decay Perspective
cs.CL
Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has gained attention as an efficient alternative to reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Despite its advantages, DPO suffers from a length bias, generating responses longer than those from the reference...
2502.14344
Towards Accurate Binary Spiking Neural Networks: Learning with Adaptive Gradient Modulation Mechanism
cs.CV
Binary Spiking Neural Networks (BSNNs) inherit the eventdriven paradigm of SNNs, while also adopting the reduced storage burden of binarization techniques. These distinct advantages grant BSNNs lightweight and energy-efficient characteristics, rendering them ideal for deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. ...
2502.14345
FlowAgent: Achieving Compliance and Flexibility for Workflow Agents
cs.AI
The integration of workflows with large language models (LLMs) enables LLM-based agents to execute predefined procedures, enhancing automation in real-world applications. Traditional rule-based methods tend to limit the inherent flexibility of LLMs, as their predefined execution paths restrict the models' action spac...
2502.14350
Optimize Cardinality Estimation Model Pretraining by Simplifying the Training Datasets
cs.DB cs.LG
The cardinality estimation is a key aspect of query optimization research, and its performance has significantly improved with the integration of machine learning. To overcome the "cold start" problem or the lack of model transferability in learned cardinality estimators, some pre-training cardinality estimation mode...
2502.14351
SegAnyPET: Universal Promptable Segmentation from Positron Emission Tomography Images
cs.CV
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging plays a crucial role in modern medical diagnostics by revealing the metabolic processes within a patient's body, which is essential for quantification of therapy response and monitoring treatment progress. However, the segmentation of PET images presents unique challenges du...
2502.14352
SR-LLM: Rethinking the Structured Representation in Large Language Model
cs.CL
Structured representations, exemplified by Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR), have long been pivotal in computational linguistics. However, their role remains ambiguous in the Large Language Models (LLMs) era. Initial attempts to integrate structured representation into LLMs via a zero-shot setting yielded inferi...
2502.14353
Eliminating Majority Illusions
cs.CC cs.SI
An opinion illusion refers to a phenomenon in social networks where agents may witness distributions of opinions among their neighbours that do not accurately reflect the true distribution of opinions in the population as a whole. A specific case of this occurs when there are only two possible choices, such as whethe...
2502.14354
Self-Improvement Towards Pareto Optimality: Mitigating Preference Conflicts in Multi-Objective Alignment
cs.LG cs.CL
Multi-Objective Alignment (MOA) aims to align LLMs' responses with multiple human preference objectives, with Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) emerging as a prominent approach. However, we find that DPO-based MOA approaches suffer from widespread preference conflicts in the data, where different objectives favor ...
2502.14355
Triply Laplacian Scale Mixture Modeling for Seismic Data Noise Suppression
cs.CV
Sparsity-based tensor recovery methods have shown great potential in suppressing seismic data noise. These methods exploit tensor sparsity measures capturing the low-dimensional structures inherent in seismic data tensors to remove noise by applying sparsity constraints through soft-thresholding or hard-thresholding ...
2502.14356
Full-Step-DPO: Self-Supervised Preference Optimization with Step-wise Rewards for Mathematical Reasoning
cs.CL
Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) often struggles with long-chain mathematical reasoning. Existing approaches, such as Step-DPO, typically improve this by focusing on the first erroneous step in the reasoning chain. However, they overlook all other steps and rely heavily on humans or GPT-4 to identify erroneous st...
2502.14358
An exposition of recent list-size bounds of FRS Codes
cs.CC cs.IT math.CO math.IT
In the last year, there have been some remarkable improvements in the combinatorial list-size bounds of Folded Reed Solomon codes and multiplicity codes. Starting from the work on Kopparty, Ron-Zewi, Saraf and Wootters (SIAM J. Comput. 2023) (and subsequent simplifications due to Tamo (IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 2024...
2502.14359
Triangulating LLM Progress through Benchmarks, Games, and Cognitive Tests
cs.CL
We examine three evaluation paradigms: large question-answering benchmarks (e.g., MMLU and BBH), interactive games (e.g., Signalling Games or Taboo), and cognitive tests (e.g., for working memory or theory of mind). First, we investigate which of the former two-benchmarks or games-is most effective at discriminating ...
2502.14360
Weed Detection using Convolutional Neural Network
cs.CV
In this paper we use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for weed detection in agricultural land. We specifically investigate the application of two CNN layer types, Conv2d and dilated Conv2d, for weed detection in crop fields. The suggested method extracts features from the input photos using pre-trained models, wh...
2502.14361
Retrieval-Augmented Process Reward Model for Generalizable Mathematical Reasoning
cs.AI cs.IR
While large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced mathematical reasoning, Process Reward Models (PRMs) have been developed to evaluate the logical validity of reasoning steps. However, PRMs still struggle with out-of-distribution (OOD) challenges. This paper identifies key OOD issues, including step OOD,...
2502.14363
Topology-Aware Wavelet Mamba for Airway Structure Segmentation in Postoperative Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma CT Scans
eess.IV cs.CV
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients often undergo radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which can lead to postoperative complications such as limited mouth opening and joint stiffness, particularly in recurrent cases that require re-surgery. These complications can affect airway function, making accurate postoperative a...
2502.14365
Is Q-learning an Ill-posed Problem?
cs.LG cs.AI
This paper investigates the instability of Q-learning in continuous environments, a challenge frequently encountered by practitioners. Traditionally, this instability is attributed to bootstrapping and regression model errors. Using a representative reinforcement learning benchmark, we systematically examine the effe...
2502.14366
Entropy-UID: A Method for Optimizing Information Density
cs.CL cs.AI
Balanced and efficient information flow is essential for optimizing language generation models. In this work, we propose Entropy-UID, a new token selection method that balances entropy and Uniform Information Density (UID) principles for enhanced efficiency of text generation. Our approach adaptively adjusts token se...
2502.14370
PPO-MI: Efficient Black-Box Model Inversion via Proximal Policy Optimization
cs.LG cs.CV
Model inversion attacks pose a significant privacy risk by attempting to reconstruct private training data from trained models. Most of the existing methods either depend on gradient estimation or require white-box access to model parameters, which limits their applicability in practical scenarios. In this paper, we ...