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2502.14619
Reward Models Identify Consistency, Not Causality
cs.LG cs.AI cs.CL
Reward models (RMs) play a crucial role in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences and enhancing reasoning quality. Traditionally, RMs are trained to rank candidate outputs based on their correctness and coherence. However, in this work, we present several surprising findings that challenge commo...
2502.14620
Exploring RWKV for Sentence Embeddings: Layer-wise Analysis and Baseline Comparison for Semantic Similarity
cs.CL cs.AI
This paper investigates the efficacy of RWKV, a novel language model architecture known for its linear attention mechanism, for generating sentence embeddings in a zero-shot setting. I conduct a layer-wise analysis to evaluate the semantic similarity captured by embeddings from different hidden layers of a pre-traine...
2502.14625
Multi-Record Web Page Information Extraction From News Websites
cs.CL cs.IR
In this paper, we focused on the problem of extracting information from web pages containing many records, a task of growing importance in the era of massive web data. Recently, the development of neural network methods has improved the quality of information extraction from web pages. Nevertheless, most of the resea...
2502.14627
ATRI: Mitigating Multilingual Audio Text Retrieval Inconsistencies by Reducing Data Distribution Errors
cs.SD cs.AI eess.AS
Multilingual audio-text retrieval (ML-ATR) is a challenging task that aims to retrieve audio clips or multilingual texts from databases. However, existing ML-ATR schemes suffer from inconsistencies for instance similarity matching across languages. We theoretically analyze the inconsistency in terms of both multiling...
2502.14628
PEARL: Towards Permutation-Resilient LLMs
cs.LG cs.CL
The in-context learning (ICL) capability of large language models (LLMs) enables them to perform challenging tasks using provided demonstrations. However, ICL is highly sensitive to the ordering of demonstrations, leading to instability in predictions. This paper shows that this vulnerability can be exploited to desi...
2502.14630
Understanding long-term energy use in off-grid solar home systems in sub-Saharan Africa
eess.SY cs.SY
Solar home systems provide low-cost electricity access for rural off-grid communities. As access to them increases, more long-term data becomes available on how these systems are used throughout their lifetime. This work analyses a dataset of 1,000 systems across sub-Saharan Africa. Dynamic time warping clustering wa...
2502.14631
Synergistic Fusion of Multi-Source Knowledge via Evidence Theory for High-Entropy Alloy Discovery
cs.LG
Discovering novel high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with desirable properties is challenging due to the vast compositional space and complex phase formation mechanisms. Efficient exploration of this space requires a strategic approach that integrates heterogeneous knowledge sources. Here, we propose a framework that systema...
2502.14634
CER: Confidence Enhanced Reasoning in LLMs
cs.LG
Ensuring the reliability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex reasoning tasks remains a formidable challenge, particularly in scenarios that demand precise mathematical calculations and knowledge-intensive open-domain generation. In this work, we introduce an uncertainty-aware framework designed to enhance the ...
2502.14637
ReQFlow: Rectified Quaternion Flow for Efficient and High-Quality Protein Backbone Generation
cs.LG cs.AI
Protein backbone generation plays a central role in de novo protein design and is significant for many biological and medical applications. Although diffusion and flow-based generative models provide potential solutions to this challenging task, they often generate proteins with undesired designability and suffer com...
2502.14638
NAVIG: Natural Language-guided Analysis with Vision Language Models for Image Geo-localization
cs.CL cs.CV
Image geo-localization is the task of predicting the specific location of an image and requires complex reasoning across visual, geographical, and cultural contexts. While prior Vision Language Models (VLMs) have the best accuracy at this task, there is a dearth of high-quality datasets and models for analytical reas...
2502.14642
How Far are LLMs from Being Our Digital Twins? A Benchmark for Persona-Based Behavior Chain Simulation
cs.CL
Recently, LLMs have garnered increasing attention across academic disciplines for their potential as human digital twins, virtual proxies designed to replicate individuals and autonomously perform tasks such as decision-making, problem-solving, and reasoning on their behalf. However, current evaluations of LLMs prima...
2502.14643
Length-Controlled Margin-Based Preference Optimization without Reference Model
cs.CL
Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is a widely adopted offline algorithm for preference-based reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), designed to improve training simplicity and stability by redefining reward functions. However, DPO is hindered by several limitations, including length bias, memory ineffi...
2502.14644
LIFT: Improving Long Context Understanding of Large Language Models through Long Input Fine-Tuning
cs.CL
Long context understanding remains challenging for large language models due to their limited context windows. This paper presents Long Input Fine-Tuning (LIFT), a novel framework for long-context modeling that can improve the long-context performance of arbitrary (short-context) LLMs by dynamically adapting model pa...
2502.14645
Edit Once, Update Everywhere: A Simple Framework for Cross-Lingual Knowledge Synchronization in LLMs
cs.CL cs.AI
Knowledge editing allows for efficient adaptation of large language models (LLMs) to new information or corrections without requiring full retraining. However, prior methods typically focus on either single-language editing or basic multilingual editing, failing to achieve true cross-linguistic knowledge synchronizat...
2502.14648
Variance Reduction Methods Do Not Need to Compute Full Gradients: Improved Efficiency through Shuffling
cs.LG math.OC
In today's world, machine learning is hard to imagine without large training datasets and models. This has led to the use of stochastic methods for training, such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD). SGD provides weak theoretical guarantees of convergence, but there are modifications, such as Stochastic Variance Red...
2502.14659
MAGO-SP: Detection and Correction of Water-Fat Swaps in Magnitude-Only VIBE MRI
cs.CV
Volume Interpolated Breath-Hold Examination (VIBE) MRI generates images suitable for water and fat signal composition estimation. While the two-point VIBE provides water-fat-separated images, the six-point VIBE allows estimation of the effective transversal relaxation rate R2* and the proton density fat fraction (PDF...
2502.14660
Beyond the Surface: Uncovering Implicit Locations with LLMs for Personalized Local News
cs.LG
News recommendation systems personalize homepage content to boost engagement, but factors like content type, editorial stance, and geographic focus impact recommendations. Local newspapers balance coverage across regions, yet identifying local articles is challenging due to implicit location cues like slang or landma...
2502.14662
InstructAgent: Building User Controllable Recommender via LLM Agent
cs.CL cs.IR
Traditional recommender systems usually take the user-platform paradigm, where users are directly exposed under the control of the platform's recommendation algorithms. However, the defect of recommendation algorithms may put users in very vulnerable positions under this paradigm. First, many sophisticated models are...
2502.14663
The Restricted Isometry Property for Measurements from Group Orbits
cs.IT math.IT
It is known that sparse recovery by measurements from random circulant matrices provides good recovery bounds. We generalize this to measurements that arise as a random orbit of a group representation for some finite group G. We derive estimates for the number of measurements required to guarantee the restricted isom...
2502.14669
AlphaMaze: Enhancing Large Language Models' Spatial Intelligence via GRPO
cs.CL
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in language processing, yet they often struggle with tasks requiring genuine visual spatial reasoning. In this paper, we introduce a novel two-stage training framework designed to equip standard LLMs with visual reasoning abilities for maze naviga...
2502.14671
Explanations of Deep Language Models Explain Language Representations in the Brain
cs.CL cs.AI q-bio.NC
Recent advances in artificial intelligence have given rise to large language models (LLMs) that not only achieve human-like performance but also share computational principles with the brain's language processing mechanisms. While previous research has primarily focused on aligning LLMs' internal representations with...
2502.14676
BP-SGCN: Behavioral Pseudo-Label Informed Sparse Graph Convolution Network for Pedestrian and Heterogeneous Trajectory Prediction
cs.CV cs.AI
Trajectory prediction allows better decision-making in applications of autonomous vehicles or surveillance by predicting the short-term future movement of traffic agents. It is classified into pedestrian or heterogeneous trajectory prediction. The former exploits the relatively consistent behavior of pedestrians, but...
2502.14677
Data-Constrained Synthesis of Training Data for De-Identification
cs.CL cs.AI
Many sensitive domains -- such as the clinical domain -- lack widely available datasets due to privacy risks. The increasing generative capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have made synthetic datasets a viable path forward. In this study, we domain-adapt LLMs to the clinical domain and generate synthetic cli...
2502.14678
How to Get Your LLM to Generate Challenging Problems for Evaluation
cs.CL
The pace of evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) necessitates new approaches for rigorous and comprehensive evaluation. Traditional human annotation is increasingly impracticable due to the complexities and costs involved in generating high-quality, challenging problems. In this work, we introduce CHASE, a unifi...
2502.14679
Disentangled Latent Spaces for Reduced Order Models using Deterministic Autoencoders
cs.LG
Data-driven reduced-order models based on autoencoders generally lack interpretability compared to classical methods such as the proper orthogonal decomposition. More interpretability can be gained by disentangling the latent variables and analyzing the resulting modes. For this purpose, probabilistic $\beta$-variati...
2502.14681
seqKAN: Sequence processing with Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks
cs.LG cs.AI
Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) have been recently proposed as a machine learning framework that is more interpretable and controllable than the multi-layer perceptron. Various network architectures have been proposed within the KAN framework targeting different tasks and application domains, including sequence pro...
2502.14682
Bridging the Gap: Transforming Natural Language Questions into SQL Queries via Abstract Query Pattern and Contextual Schema Markup
cs.CL
Large language models have demonstrated excellent performance in many tasks, including Text-to-SQL, due to their powerful in-context learning capabilities. They are becoming the mainstream approach for Text-to-SQL. However, these methods still have a significant gap compared to human performance, especially on comple...
2502.14684
CDGS: Confidence-Aware Depth Regularization for 3D Gaussian Splatting
cs.GR cs.CV
3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has shown significant advantages in novel view synthesis (NVS), particularly in achieving high rendering speeds and high-quality results. However, its geometric accuracy in 3D reconstruction remains limited due to the lack of explicit geometric constraints during optimization. This paper ...
2502.14689
Confidence Estimation via Sequential Likelihood Mixing
stat.ML cs.LG
We present a universal framework for constructing confidence sets based on sequential likelihood mixing. Building upon classical results from sequential analysis, we provide a unifying perspective on several recent lines of work, and establish fundamental connections between sequential mixing, Bayesian inference and ...
2502.14693
I-MCTS: Enhancing Agentic AutoML via Introspective Monte Carlo Tree Search
cs.CL
Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable potential in automating machine learning tasks. However, existing LLM-based agents often struggle with low-diversity and suboptimal code generation. While recent work has introduced Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) to address these issues, limita...
2502.14694
Revisiting Near-Far Field Boundary in Dual-Polarized XL-MIMO Systems
cs.IT math.IT
Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is expected to be an important technology in future sixth generation (6G) networks. Compared with conventional single-polarized XL-MIMO, where signals are transmitted and received in only one polarization direction, dual-polarized XL-MIMO systems achieve ...
2502.14698
General Uncertainty Estimation with Delta Variances
cs.LG cs.AI stat.AP stat.ML
Decision makers may suffer from uncertainty induced by limited data. This may be mitigated by accounting for epistemic uncertainty, which is however challenging to estimate efficiently for large neural networks. To this extent we investigate Delta Variances, a family of algorithms for epistemic uncertainty quantifica...
2502.14704
Not All Data are Good Labels: On the Self-supervised Labeling for Time Series Forecasting
cs.LG cs.AI
Time Series Forecasting (TSF) is a crucial task in various domains, yet existing TSF models rely heavily on high-quality data and insufficiently exploit all available data. This paper explores a novel self-supervised approach to re-label time series datasets by inherently constructing candidate datasets. During the o...
2502.14706
Building reliable sim driving agents by scaling self-play
cs.AI cs.RO
Simulation agents are essential for designing and testing systems that interact with humans, such as autonomous vehicles (AVs). These agents serve various purposes, from benchmarking AV performance to stress-testing the system's limits, but all use cases share a key requirement: reliability. A simulation agent should...
2502.14707
TRUSWorthy: Toward Clinically Applicable Deep Learning for Confident Detection of Prostate Cancer in Micro-Ultrasound
eess.IV cs.LG q-bio.TO
While deep learning methods have shown great promise in improving the effectiveness of prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis by detecting suspicious lesions from trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS), they must overcome multiple simultaneous challenges. There is high heterogeneity in tissue appearance, significant class imbalance...
2502.14708
Human Misperception of Generative-AI Alignment: A Laboratory Experiment
econ.TH cs.AI cs.GT
We conduct an incentivized laboratory experiment to study people's perception of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) alignment in the context of economic decision-making. Using a panel of economic problems spanning the domains of risk, time preference, social preference, and strategic interactions, we ask huma...
2502.14709
Data-Efficient Pretraining with Group-Level Data Influence Modeling
cs.CL cs.LG
Data-efficient pretraining has shown tremendous potential to elevate scaling laws. This paper argues that effective pretraining data should be curated at the group level, treating a set of data points as a whole rather than as independent contributors. To achieve that, we propose Group-Level Data Influence Modeling (...
2502.14714
From Knowledge Generation to Knowledge Verification: Examining the BioMedical Generative Capabilities of ChatGPT
cs.AI cs.CL cs.IR
The generative capabilities of LLM models present opportunities in accelerating tasks and concerns with the authenticity of the knowledge it produces. To address the concerns, we present a computational approach that systematically evaluates the factual accuracy of biomedical knowledge that an LLM model has been prom...
2502.14718
Entity Framing and Role Portrayal in the News
cs.CL
We introduce a novel multilingual hierarchical corpus annotated for entity framing and role portrayal in news articles. The dataset uses a unique taxonomy inspired by storytelling elements, comprising 22 fine-grained roles, or archetypes, nested within three main categories: protagonist, antagonist, and innocent. Eac...
2502.14719
Internal Incoherency Scores for Constraint-based Causal Discovery Algorithms
stat.ML cs.LG
Causal discovery aims to infer causal graphs from observational or experimental data. Methods such as the popular PC algorithm are based on conditional independence testing and utilize enabling assumptions, such as the faithfulness assumption, for their inferences. In practice, these assumptions, as well as the funct...
2502.14720
Advancing Measurement Capabilities in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Exploring the Potential of Fiber Optic Sensors for Thermal Monitoring of Battery Cells
physics.app-ph cs.SY eess.SY
This work demonstrates the potential of fiber optic sensors for measuring thermal effects in lithium-ion batteries, using a fiber optic measurement method of Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR). The innovative application of fiber sensors allows for spatially resolved temperature measurement, particularly e...
2502.14721
Multi-dataset synergistic in supervised learning to pre-label structural components in point clouds from shell construction scenes
cs.CV
The significant effort required to annotate data for new training datasets hinders computer vision research and machine learning in the construction industry. This work explores adapting standard datasets and the latest transformer model architectures for point cloud semantic segmentation in the context of shell cons...
2502.14724
Ranking Joint Policies in Dynamic Games using Evolutionary Dynamics
cs.MA cs.AI cs.LG
Game-theoretic solution concepts, such as the Nash equilibrium, have been key to finding stable joint actions in multi-player games. However, it has been shown that the dynamics of agents' interactions, even in simple two-player games with few strategies, are incapable of reaching Nash equilibria, exhibiting complex ...
2502.14727
WavRAG: Audio-Integrated Retrieval Augmented Generation for Spoken Dialogue Models
cs.SD cs.AI eess.AS
Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has gained widespread adoption owing to its capacity to empower large language models (LLMs) to integrate external knowledge. However, existing RAG frameworks are primarily designed for text-based LLMs and rely on Automatic Speech Recognition to process speech input, which discard...
2502.14731
Beyond Performance Scores: Directed Functional Connectivity as a Brain-Based Biomarker for Motor Skill Learning and Retention
q-bio.NC cs.LG
Motor skill acquisition in fields like surgery, robotics, and sports involves learning complex task sequences through extensive training. Traditional performance metrics, like execution time and error rates, offer limited insight as they fail to capture the neural mechanisms underlying skill learning and retention. T...
2502.14734
Sentence Smith: Formally Controllable Text Transformation and its Application to Evaluation of Text Embedding Models
cs.CL
We propose the Sentence Smith framework that enables controlled and specified manipulation of text meaning. It consists of three main steps: 1. Parsing a sentence into a semantic graph, 2. Applying human-designed semantic manipulation rules, and 3. Generating text from the manipulated graph. A final filtering step (4...
2502.14735
EAGER-LLM: Enhancing Large Language Models as Recommenders through Exogenous Behavior-Semantic Integration
cs.IR cs.AI
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly leveraged as foundational backbones in the development of advanced recommender systems, offering enhanced capabilities through their extensive knowledge and reasoning. Existing llm-based recommender systems (RSs) often face challenges due to the significant differences be...
2502.14738
Robust Information Selection for Hypothesis Testing with Misclassification Penalties
stat.ML cs.SY eess.SP eess.SY math.CO math.OC
We study the problem of robust information selection for a Bayesian hypothesis testing / classification task, where the goal is to identify the true state of the world from a finite set of hypotheses based on observations from the selected information sources. We introduce a novel misclassification penalty framework,...
2502.14739
SuperGPQA: Scaling LLM Evaluation across 285 Graduate Disciplines
cs.CL
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in mainstream academic disciplines such as mathematics, physics, and computer science. However, human knowledge encompasses over 200 specialized disciplines, far exceeding the scope of existing benchmarks. The capabilities of LLMs in many of these ...
2502.14740
YOLOv12: A Breakdown of the Key Architectural Features
cs.CV cs.AI
This paper presents an architectural analysis of YOLOv12, a significant advancement in single-stage, real-time object detection building upon the strengths of its predecessors while introducing key improvements. The model incorporates an optimised backbone (R-ELAN), 7x7 separable convolutions, and FlashAttention-driv...
2502.14741
Reinforcement Learning with Graph Attention for Routing and Wavelength Assignment with Lightpath Reuse
cs.NI cs.LG cs.SY eess.SY
Many works have investigated reinforcement learning (RL) for routing and spectrum assignment on flex-grid networks but only one work to date has examined RL for fixed-grid with flex-rate transponders, despite production systems using this paradigm. Flex-rate transponders allow existing lightpaths to accommodate new s...
2502.14743
Multi-Agent Coordination across Diverse Applications: A Survey
cs.MA cs.AI
Multi-agent coordination studies the underlying mechanism enabling the trending spread of diverse multi-agent systems (MAS) and has received increasing attention, driven by the expansion of emerging applications and rapid AI advances. This survey outlines the current state of coordination research across applications...
2502.14744
HiddenDetect: Detecting Jailbreak Attacks against Large Vision-Language Models via Monitoring Hidden States
cs.CL
The integration of additional modalities increases the susceptibility of large vision-language models (LVLMs) to safety risks, such as jailbreak attacks, compared to their language-only counterparts. While existing research primarily focuses on post-hoc alignment techniques, the underlying safety mechanisms within LV...
2502.14745
SQL4NN: Validation and expressive querying of models as data
cs.DB cs.LG
We consider machine learning models, learned from data, to be an important, intensional, kind of data in themselves. As such, various analysis tasks on models can be thought of as queries over this intensional data, often combined with extensional data such as data for training or validation. We demonstrate that rela...
2502.14746
Classical and quantum Coxeter codes: Extending the Reed-Muller family
cs.IT math.CO math.IT quant-ph
We introduce a class of binary linear codes that generalizes the Reed-Muller family by replacing the group $\mathbb{Z}_2^m$ with an arbitrary finite Coxeter group. Similar to the Reed-Muller codes, this class is closed under duality and has rate determined by a Gaussian distribution. We also construct quantum CSS cod...
2502.14748
Large Language Models Struggle to Describe the Haystack without Human Help: Human-in-the-loop Evaluation of LLMs
cs.CL
A common use of NLP is to facilitate the understanding of large document collections, with a shift from using traditional topic models to Large Language Models. Yet the effectiveness of using LLM for large corpus understanding in real-world applications remains under-explored. This study measures the knowledge users ...
2502.14752
TritonBench: Benchmarking Large Language Model Capabilities for Generating Triton Operators
cs.CL cs.LG
Triton, a high-level Python-like language designed for building efficient GPU kernels, is widely adopted in deep learning frameworks due to its portability, flexibility, and accessibility. However, programming and parallel optimization still require considerable trial and error from Triton developers. Despite advance...
2502.14753
MedVAE: Efficient Automated Interpretation of Medical Images with Large-Scale Generalizable Autoencoders
eess.IV cs.AI cs.CV
Medical images are acquired at high resolutions with large fields of view in order to capture fine-grained features necessary for clinical decision-making. Consequently, training deep learning models on medical images can incur large computational costs. In this work, we address the challenge of downsizing medical im...
2502.14755
Multi-Objective Causal Bayesian Optimization
stat.ML cs.LG
In decision-making problems, the outcome of an intervention often depends on the causal relationships between system components and is highly costly to evaluate. In such settings, causal Bayesian optimization (CBO) can exploit the causal relationships between the system variables and sequentially perform intervention...
2502.14759
On the Influence of Context Size and Model Choice in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems
cs.CL cs.AI
Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as an approach to augment large language models (LLMs) by reducing their reliance on static knowledge and improving answer factuality. RAG retrieves relevant context snippets and generates an answer based on them. Despite its increasing industrial adoption, systematic ...
2502.14760
EquivaMap: Leveraging LLMs for Automatic Equivalence Checking of Optimization Formulations
cs.AI cs.LG math.OC
A fundamental problem in combinatorial optimization is identifying equivalent formulations, which can lead to more efficient solution strategies and deeper insights into a problem's computational complexity. The need to automatically identify equivalence between problem formulations has grown as optimization copilots...
2502.14762
Sculpting [CLS] Features for Pre-Trained Model-Based Class-Incremental Learning
cs.LG cs.CV
Class-incremental learning requires models to continually acquire knowledge of new classes without forgetting old ones. Although pre-trained models have demonstrated strong performance in class-incremental learning, they remain susceptible to catastrophic forgetting when learning new concepts. Excessive plasticity in...
2502.14764
The illusion of households as entities in social networks
cs.SI physics.soc-ph
Data recording connections between people in communities and villages are collected and analyzed in various ways, most often as either networks of individuals or as networks of households. These two networks can differ in substantial ways. The methodological choice of which network to study, therefore, is an importan...
2502.14765
Step-by-Step Fact Verification System for Medical Claims with Explainable Reasoning
cs.CL cs.AI
Fact verification (FV) aims to assess the veracity of a claim based on relevant evidence. The traditional approach for automated FV includes a three-part pipeline relying on short evidence snippets and encoder-only inference models. More recent approaches leverage the multi-turn nature of LLMs to address FV as a step...
2502.14767
Tree-of-Debate: Multi-Persona Debate Trees Elicit Critical Thinking for Scientific Comparative Analysis
cs.CL cs.AI
With the exponential growth of research facilitated by modern technology and improved accessibility, scientific discoveries have become increasingly fragmented within and across fields. This makes it challenging to assess the significance, novelty, incremental findings, and equivalent ideas between related works, par...
2502.14768
Logic-RL: Unleashing LLM Reasoning with Rule-Based Reinforcement Learning
cs.CL cs.AI
Inspired by the success of DeepSeek-R1, we explore the potential of rule-based reinforcement learning (RL) in large reasoning models. To analyze reasoning dynamics, we use synthetic logic puzzles as training data due to their controllable complexity and straightforward answer verification. We make some key technical ...
2502.14770
Determining Layer-wise Sparsity for Large Language Models Through a Theoretical Perspective
cs.LG
In this paper, we address the challenge of determining the layer-wise sparsity rates of large language models (LLMs) through a theoretical perspective. Specifically, we identify a critical issue of ''$\textbf{reconstruction error explosion}$'' in existing LLMs sparsification methods. This refers to the cumulative eff...
2502.14772
Efficient Multivariate Robust Mean Estimation Under Mean-Shift Contamination
cs.DS cs.LG math.ST stat.ML stat.TH
We study the algorithmic problem of robust mean estimation of an identity covariance Gaussian in the presence of mean-shift contamination. In this contamination model, we are given a set of points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ generated i.i.d. via the following process. For a parameter $\alpha<1/2$, the $i$-th sample $x_i$ is ob...
2502.14773
Sparse Activations as Conformal Predictors
cs.LG
Conformal prediction is a distribution-free framework for uncertainty quantification that replaces point predictions with sets, offering marginal coverage guarantees (i.e., ensuring that the prediction sets contain the true label with a specified probability, in expectation). In this paper, we uncover a novel connect...
2502.14776
SurveyX: Academic Survey Automation via Large Language Models
cs.CL
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional comprehension capabilities and a vast knowledge base, suggesting that LLMs can serve as efficient tools for automated survey generation. However, recent research related to automated survey generation remains constrained by some critical limitations like fini...
2502.14777
Making Universal Policies Universal
cs.AI
The development of a generalist agent capable of solving a wide range of sequential decision-making tasks remains a significant challenge. We address this problem in a cross-agent setup where agents share the same observation space but differ in their action spaces. Our approach builds on the universal policy framewo...
2502.14778
Harnessing PDF Data for Improving Japanese Large Multimodal Models
cs.CL cs.AI cs.CV
Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated strong performance in English, but their effectiveness in Japanese remains limited due to the lack of high-quality training data. Current Japanese LMMs often rely on translated English datasets, restricting their ability to capture Japan-specific cultural knowledge. To...
2502.14779
DC-ControlNet: Decoupling Inter- and Intra-Element Conditions in Image Generation with Diffusion Models
cs.CV
In this paper, we introduce DC (Decouple)-ControlNet, a highly flexible and precisely controllable framework for multi-condition image generation. The core idea behind DC-ControlNet is to decouple control conditions, transforming global control into a hierarchical system that integrates distinct elements, contents, a...
2502.14780
ReVision: A Dataset and Baseline VLM for Privacy-Preserving Task-Oriented Visual Instruction Rewriting
cs.CL cs.AI cs.CV
Efficient and privacy-preserving multimodal interaction is essential as AR, VR, and modern smartphones with powerful cameras become primary interfaces for human-computer communication. Existing powerful large vision-language models (VLMs) enabling multimodal interaction often rely on cloud-based processing, raising s...
2502.14782
A Neural Operator-Based Emulator for Regional Shallow Water Dynamics
cs.CE cs.LG physics.comp-ph physics.geo-ph
Coastal regions are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of rising sea levels and extreme weather events. Accurate real-time forecasting of hydrodynamic processes in these areas is essential for infrastructure planning and climate adaptation. In this study, we present the Multiple-Input Temporal Operator Network (M...
2502.14783
Tracking and Assigning Jobs to a Markov Machine
cs.IT cs.NI cs.SY eess.SY math.IT
We consider a time-slotted communication system with a machine, a cloud server, and a sampler. Job requests from the users are queued on the server to be completed by the machine. The machine has two states, namely, a busy state and a free state. The server can assign a job to the machine in a first-in-first-served m...
2502.14785
Real-Time Device Reach Forecasting Using HLL and MinHash Data Sketches
cs.DB cs.AI cs.LG
Predicting the right number of TVs (Device Reach) in real-time based on a user-specified targeting attributes is imperative for running multi-million dollar ADs business. The traditional approach of SQL queries to join billions of records across multiple targeting dimensions is extremely slow. As a workaround, many a...
2502.14786
SigLIP 2: Multilingual Vision-Language Encoders with Improved Semantic Understanding, Localization, and Dense Features
cs.CV cs.AI
We introduce SigLIP 2, a family of new multilingual vision-language encoders that build on the success of the original SigLIP. In this second iteration, we extend the original image-text training objective with several prior, independently developed techniques into a unified recipe -- this includes captioning-based p...
2502.14788
Ray-Tracing for Conditionally Activated Neural Networks
cs.LG cs.AI
In this paper, we introduce a novel architecture for conditionally activated neural networks combining a hierarchical construction of multiple Mixture of Experts (MoEs) layers with a sampling mechanism that progressively converges to an optimized configuration of expert activation. This methodology enables the dynami...
2502.14789
Structurally Disentangled Feature Fields Distillation for 3D Understanding and Editing
cs.CV
Recent work has demonstrated the ability to leverage or distill pre-trained 2D features obtained using large pre-trained 2D models into 3D features, enabling impressive 3D editing and understanding capabilities using only 2D supervision. Although impressive, models assume that 3D features are captured using a single ...
2502.14790
An Adversarial Analysis of Thompson Sampling for Full-information Online Learning: from Finite to Infinite Action Spaces
cs.LG cs.GT math.ST stat.ML stat.TH
We develop an analysis of Thompson sampling for online learning under full feedback - also known as prediction with expert advice - where the learner's prior is defined over the space of an adversary's future actions, rather than the space of experts. We show regret decomposes into regret the learner expected a prior...
2502.14791
Rapid Word Learning Through Meta In-Context Learning
cs.CL cs.AI cs.LG
Humans can quickly learn a new word from a few illustrative examples, and then systematically and flexibly use it in novel contexts. Yet the abilities of current language models for few-shot word learning, and methods for improving these abilities, are underexplored. In this study, we introduce a novel method, Meta-t...
2502.14792
RendBEV: Semantic Novel View Synthesis for Self-Supervised Bird's Eye View Segmentation
cs.CV
Bird's Eye View (BEV) semantic maps have recently garnered a lot of attention as a useful representation of the environment to tackle assisted and autonomous driving tasks. However, most of the existing work focuses on the fully supervised setting, training networks on large annotated datasets. In this work, we prese...
2502.14795
Humanoid-VLA: Towards Universal Humanoid Control with Visual Integration
cs.RO cs.CV
This paper addresses the limitations of current humanoid robot control frameworks, which primarily rely on reactive mechanisms and lack autonomous interaction capabilities due to data scarcity. We propose Humanoid-VLA, a novel framework that integrates language understanding, egocentric scene perception, and motion c...
2502.14796
A Multi-Agent Perspective on Modern Information Retrieval
cs.IR
The rise of large language models (LLMs) has introduced a new era in information retrieval (IR), where queries and documents that were once assumed to be generated exclusively by humans can now also be created by automated agents. These agents can formulate queries, generate documents, and perform ranking. This shift...
2502.14799
A Survey on Text-Driven 360-Degree Panorama Generation
cs.CV cs.AI
The advent of text-driven 360-degree panorama generation, enabling the synthesis of 360-degree panoramic images directly from textual descriptions, marks a transformative advancement in immersive visual content creation. This innovation significantly simplifies the traditionally complex process of producing such cont...
2502.14801
AVD2: Accident Video Diffusion for Accident Video Description
cs.CV
Traffic accidents present complex challenges for autonomous driving, often featuring unpredictable scenarios that hinder accurate system interpretation and responses.Nonetheless, prevailing methodologies fall short in elucidating the causes of accidents and proposing preventive measures due to the paucity of training...
2502.14802
From RAG to Memory: Non-Parametric Continual Learning for Large Language Models
cs.CL cs.AI
Our ability to continuously acquire, organize, and leverage knowledge is a key feature of human intelligence that AI systems must approximate to unlock their full potential. Given the challenges in continual learning with large language models (LLMs), retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become the dominant way t...
2502.14803
Planning, scheduling, and execution on the Moon: the CADRE technology demonstration mission
cs.RO cs.SY eess.SY
NASA's Cooperative Autonomous Distributed Robotic Exploration (CADRE) mission, slated for flight to the Moon's Reiner Gamma region in 2025/2026, is designed to demonstrate multi-agent autonomous exploration of the Lunar surface and sub-surface. A team of three robots and a base station will autonomously explore a reg...
2502.14807
FetalCLIP: A Visual-Language Foundation Model for Fetal Ultrasound Image Analysis
eess.IV cs.AI cs.CV
Foundation models are becoming increasingly effective in the medical domain, offering pre-trained models on large datasets that can be readily adapted for downstream tasks. Despite progress, fetal ultrasound images remain a challenging domain for foundation models due to their inherent complexity, often requiring sub...
2502.14809
PREM: Privately Answering Statistical Queries with Relative Error
cs.LG
We introduce $\mathsf{PREM}$ (Private Relative Error Multiplicative weight update), a new framework for generating synthetic data that achieves a relative error guarantee for statistical queries under $(\varepsilon, \delta)$ differential privacy (DP). Namely, for a domain ${\cal X}$, a family ${\cal F}$ of queries $f...
2502.14814
VB-Com: Learning Vision-Blind Composite Humanoid Locomotion Against Deficient Perception
cs.RO
The performance of legged locomotion is closely tied to the accuracy and comprehensiveness of state observations. Blind policies, which rely solely on proprioception, are considered highly robust due to the reliability of proprioceptive observations. However, these policies significantly limit locomotion speed and of...
2502.14815
Optimizing Model Selection for Compound AI Systems
cs.AI cs.CL cs.LG cs.MA
Compound AI systems that combine multiple LLM calls, such as self-refine and multi-agent-debate, achieve strong performance on many AI tasks. We address a core question in optimizing compound systems: for each LLM call or module in the system, how should one decide which LLM to use? We show that these LLM choices hav...
2502.14816
Dynamic Low-Rank Sparse Adaptation for Large Language Models
cs.LG
Despite the efficacy of network sparsity in alleviating the deployment strain of Large Language Models (LLMs), it endures significant performance degradation. Applying Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) to fine-tune the sparse LLMs offers an intuitive approach to counter this predicament, while it holds shortcomings include:...
2502.14819
Learning from Reward-Free Offline Data: A Case for Planning with Latent Dynamics Models
cs.LG
A long-standing goal in AI is to build agents that can solve a variety of tasks across different environments, including previously unseen ones. Two dominant approaches tackle this challenge: (i) reinforcement learning (RL), which learns policies through trial and error, and (ii) optimal control, which plans actions ...
2502.14820
eC-Tab2Text: Aspect-Based Text Generation from e-Commerce Product Tables
cs.CL cs.AI cs.DB cs.HC
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional versatility across diverse domains, yet their application in e-commerce remains underexplored due to a lack of domain-specific datasets. To address this gap, we introduce eC-Tab2Text, a novel dataset designed to capture the intricacies of e-commerce, includin...
2502.14821
Meshless Shape Optimization using Neural Networks and Partial Differential Equations on Graphs
math.NA cs.LG cs.NA math.OC
Shape optimization involves the minimization of a cost function defined over a set of shapes, often governed by a partial differential equation (PDE). In the absence of closed-form solutions, one relies on numerical methods to approximate the solution. The level set method -- when coupled with the finite element meth...
2502.14822
A Survey of Model Architectures in Information Retrieval
cs.IR
This survey examines the evolution of model architectures in information retrieval (IR), focusing on two key aspects: backbone models for feature extraction and end-to-end system architectures for relevance estimation. The review intentionally separates architectural considerations from training methodologies to prov...
2502.14827
Exploring Advanced Techniques for Visual Question Answering: A Comprehensive Comparison
cs.CV cs.AI cs.ET cs.LG
Visual Question Answering (VQA) has emerged as a pivotal task in the intersection of computer vision and natural language processing, requiring models to understand and reason about visual content in response to natural language questions. Analyzing VQA datasets is essential for developing robust models that can hand...
2502.14828
Fundamental Limitations in Defending LLM Finetuning APIs
cs.LG cs.CR
LLM developers have imposed technical interventions to prevent fine-tuning misuse attacks, attacks where adversaries evade safeguards by fine-tuning the model using a public API. Previous work has established several successful attacks against specific fine-tuning API defences. In this work, we show that defences of ...