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cs/9809028
Separating Dependency from Constituency in a Tree Rewriting System
cs.CL
In this paper we present a new tree-rewriting formalism called Link-Sharing Tree Adjoining Grammar (LSTAG) which is a variant of synchronous TAGs. Using LSTAG we define an approach towards coordination where linguistic dependency is distinguished from the notion of constituency. Such an approach towards coordination ...
cs/9809029
Incremental Parser Generation for Tree Adjoining Grammars
cs.CL
This paper describes the incremental generation of parse tables for the LR-type parsing of Tree Adjoining Languages (TALs). The algorithm presented handles modifications to the input grammar by updating the parser generated so far. In this paper, a lazy generation of LR-type parsers for TALs is defined in which parse...
cs/9809032
Stable models and an alternative logic programming paradigm
cs.LO cs.AI
In this paper we reexamine the place and role of stable model semantics in logic programming and contrast it with a least Herbrand model approach to Horn programs. We demonstrate that inherent features of stable model semantics naturally lead to a logic programming system that offers an interesting alternative to mor...
cs/9809033
Efficient Retrieval of Similar Time Sequences Using DFT
cs.DB
We propose an improvement of the known DFT-based indexing technique for fast retrieval of similar time sequences. We use the last few Fourier coefficients in the distance computation without storing them in the index since every coefficient at the end is the complex conjugate of a coefficient at the beginning and as ...
cs/9809034
Semantics and Conversations for an Agent Communication Language
cs.MA cs.AI
We address the issues of semantics and conversations for agent communication languages and the Knowledge Query Manipulation Language (KQML) in particular. Based on ideas from speech act theory, we present a semantic description for KQML that associates ``cognitive'' states of the agent with the use of the language's ...
cs/9809036
Document Archiving, Replication and Migration Container for Mobile Web Users
cs.MA cs.MM
With the increasing use of mobile workstations for a wide variety of tasks and associated information needs, and with many variations of available networks, access to data becomes a prime consideration. This paper discusses issues of workstation mobility and proposes a solution wherein the data structures are accesse...
cs/9809049
Aspects of Evolutionary Design by Computers
cs.NE
This paper examines the four main types of Evolutionary Design by computers: Evolutionary Design Optimisation, Evolutionary Art, Evolutionary Artificial Life Forms and Creative Evolutionary Design. Definitions for all four areas are provided. A review of current work in each of these areas is given, with examples of ...
cs/9809050
A Freely Available Morphological Analyzer, Disambiguator and Context Sensitive Lemmatizer for German
cs.CL
In this paper we present Morphy, an integrated tool for German morphology, part-of-speech tagging and context-sensitive lemmatization. Its large lexicon of more than 320,000 word forms plus its ability to process German compound nouns guarantee a wide morphological coverage. Syntactic ambiguities can be resolved with...
cs/9809051
Spoken Language Dialogue Systems and Components: Best practice in development and evaluation (DISC 24823) - Periodic Progress Report 1: Basic Details of the Action
cs.CL cs.SE
The DISC project aims to (a) build an in-depth understanding of the state-of-the-art in spoken language dialogue systems (SLDSs) and components development and evaluation with the purpose of (b) developing a first best practice methodology in the field. The methodology will be accompanied by (c) a series of developme...
cs/9809106
Processing Unknown Words in HPSG
cs.CL
The lexical acquisition system presented in this paper incrementally updates linguistic properties of unknown words inferred from their surrounding context by parsing sentences with an HPSG grammar for German. We employ a gradual, information-based concept of ``unknownness'' providing a uniform treatment for the rang...
cs/9809107
Computing Declarative Prosodic Morphology
cs.CL
This paper describes a computational, declarative approach to prosodic morphology that uses inviolable constraints to denote small finite candidate sets which are filtered by a restrictive incremental optimization mechanism. The new approach is illustrated with an implemented fragment of Modern Hebrew verbs couched i...
cs/9809108
Learning Nested Agent Models in an Information Economy
cs.MA cs.AI
We present our approach to the problem of how an agent, within an economic Multi-Agent System, can determine when it should behave strategically (i.e. learn and use models of other agents), and when it should act as a simple price-taker. We provide a framework for the incremental implementation of modeling capabiliti...
cs/9809110
Similarity-Based Models of Word Cooccurrence Probabilities
cs.CL cs.AI cs.LG
In many applications of natural language processing (NLP) it is necessary to determine the likelihood of a given word combination. For example, a speech recognizer may need to determine which of the two word combinations ``eat a peach'' and ``eat a beach'' is more likely. Statistical NLP methods determine the likelih...
cs/9809111
Evolution of Neural Networks to Play the Game of Dots-and-Boxes
cs.NE cs.LG
Dots-and-Boxes is a child's game which remains analytically unsolved. We implement and evolve artificial neural networks to play this game, evaluating them against simple heuristic players. Our networks do not evaluate or predict the final outcome of the game, but rather recommend moves at each stage. Superior genera...
cs/9809112
On the Evaluation and Comparison of Taggers: The Effect of Noise in Testing Corpora
cs.CL
This paper addresses the issue of {\sc pos} tagger evaluation. Such evaluation is usually performed by comparing the tagger output with a reference test corpus, which is assumed to be error-free. Currently used corpora contain noise which causes the obtained performance to be a distortion of the real value. We analyz...
cs/9809113
Improving Tagging Performance by Using Voting Taggers
cs.CL
We present a bootstrapping method to develop an annotated corpus, which is specially useful for languages with few available resources. The method is being applied to develop a corpus of Spanish of over 5Mw. The method consists on taking advantage of the collaboration of two different POS taggers. The cases in which ...
cs/9809121
Using Local Optimality Criteria for Efficient Information Retrieval with Redundant Information Filters
cs.IR cs.AI
We consider information retrieval when the data, for instance multimedia, is coputationally expensive to fetch. Our approach uses "information filters" to considerably narrow the universe of possiblities before retrieval. We are especially interested in redundant information filters that save time over more general b...
cs/9809122
Practical algorithms for on-line sampling
cs.LG cs.DS
One of the core applications of machine learning to knowledge discovery consists on building a function (a hypothesis) from a given amount of data (for instance a decision tree or a neural network) such that we can use it afterwards to predict new instances of the data. In this paper, we focus on a particular situati...
cs/9809123
A role of constraint in self-organization
cs.NE cs.CG
In this paper we introduce a neural network model of self-organization. This model uses a variation of Hebb rule for updating its synaptic weights, and surely converges to the equilibrium status. The key point of the convergence is the update rule that constrains the total synaptic weight and this seems to make the m...
cs/9810002
Pre-fetching tree-structured data in distributed memory
cs.DC cs.DB
A distributed heap storage manager has been implemented on the Fujitsu AP1000 multicomputer. The performance of various pre-fetching strategies is experimentally compared. Subjective programming benefits and objective performance benefits of up to 10% in pre-fetching are found for certain applications, but not for al...
cs/9810003
A Linear Shift Invariant Multiscale Transform
cs.CV
This paper presents a multiscale decomposition algorithm. Unlike standard wavelet transforms, the proposed operator is both linear and shift invariant. The central idea is to obtain shift invariance by averaging the aligned wavelet transform projections over all circular shifts of the signal. It is shown how the same...
cs/9810005
Anytime Coalition Structure Generation with Worst Case Guarantees
cs.MA cs.AI
Coalition formation is a key topic in multiagent systems. One would prefer a coalition structure that maximizes the sum of the values of the coalitions, but often the number of coalition structures is too large to allow exhaustive search for the optimal one. But then, can the coalition structure found via a partial s...
cs/9810012
Ultrametric Distance in Syntax
cs.CL q-bio.NC
Phrase structure trees have a hierarchical structure. In many subjects, most notably in Taxonomy such tree structures have been studied using ultrametrics. Here syntactical hierarchical phrase trees are subject to a similar analysis, which is much siompler as the branching structure is more readily discernible and sw...
cs/9810014
Resources for Evaluation of Summarization Techniques
cs.CL
We report on two corpora to be used in the evaluation of component systems for the tasks of (1) linear segmentation of text and (2) summary-directed sentence extraction. We present characteristics of the corpora, methods used in the collection of user judgments, and an overview of the application of the corpora to ev...
cs/9810015
Restrictions on Tree Adjoining Languages
cs.CL
Several methods are known for parsing languages generated by Tree Adjoining Grammars (TAGs) in O(n^6) worst case running time. In this paper we investigate which restrictions on TAGs and TAG derivations are needed in order to lower this O(n^6) time complexity, without introducing large runtime constants, and without ...
cs/9810016
SYNERGY: A Linear Planner Based on Genetic Programming
cs.AI
In this paper we describe SYNERGY, which is a highly parallelizable, linear planning system that is based on the genetic programming paradigm. Rather than reasoning about the world it is planning for, SYNERGY uses artificial selection, recombination and fitness measure to generate linear plans that solve conjunctive ...
cs/9810017
General Theory of Image Normalization
cs.CV
We give a systematic, abstract formulation of the image normalization method as applied to a general group of image transformations, and then illustrate the abstract analysis by applying it to the hierarchy of viewing transformations of a planar object.
cs/9810018
A Proof Theoretic View of Constraint Programming
cs.AI cs.PL
We provide here a proof theoretic account of constraint programming that attempts to capture the essential ingredients of this programming style. We exemplify it by presenting proof rules for linear constraints over interval domains, and illustrate their use by analyzing the constraint propagation process for the {\t...
cs/9810020
Computational Geometry Column 33
cs.CG cs.AI cs.GR
Several recent SIGGRAPH papers on surface simplification are described.
cs/9811003
A Winnow-Based Approach to Context-Sensitive Spelling Correction
cs.LG cs.CL
A large class of machine-learning problems in natural language require the characterization of linguistic context. Two characteristic properties of such problems are that their feature space is of very high dimensionality, and their target concepts refer to only a small subset of the features in the space. Under such...
cs/9811004
Does Meaning Evolve?
cs.CL q-bio.PE
A common method of making a theory more understandable, is by comparing it to another theory which has been better developed. Radical interpretation is a theory which attempts to explain how communication has meaning. Radical interpretation is treated as another time-dependent theory and compared to the time dependen...
cs/9811006
Machine Learning of Generic and User-Focused Summarization
cs.CL cs.LG
A key problem in text summarization is finding a salience function which determines what information in the source should be included in the summary. This paper describes the use of machine learning on a training corpus of documents and their abstracts to discover salience functions which describe what combination of...
cs/9811008
Translating near-synonyms: Possibilities and preferences in the interlingua
cs.CL
This paper argues that an interlingual representation must explicitly represent some parts of the meaning of a situation as possibilities (or preferences), not as necessary or definite components of meaning (or constraints). Possibilities enable the analysis and generation of nuance, something required for faithful t...
cs/9811009
Choosing the Word Most Typical in Context Using a Lexical Co-occurrence Network
cs.CL
This paper presents a partial solution to a component of the problem of lexical choice: choosing the synonym most typical, or expected, in context. We apply a new statistical approach to representing the context of a word through lexical co-occurrence networks. The implementation was trained and evaluated on a large ...
cs/9811010
Learning to Resolve Natural Language Ambiguities: A Unified Approach
cs.CL cs.LG
We analyze a few of the commonly used statistics based and machine learning algorithms for natural language disambiguation tasks and observe that they can be re-cast as learning linear separators in the feature space. Each of the methods makes a priori assumptions, which it employs, given the data, when searching for...
cs/9811013
The Asilomar Report on Database Research
cs.DB cs.DL
The database research community is rightly proud of success in basic research, and its remarkable record of technology transfer. Now the field needs to radically broaden its research focus to attack the issues of capturing, storing, analyzing, and presenting the vast array of online data. The database research commun...
cs/9811016
Comparing a statistical and a rule-based tagger for German
cs.CL
In this paper we present the results of comparing a statistical tagger for German based on decision trees and a rule-based Brill-Tagger for German. We used the same training corpus (and therefore the same tag-set) to train both taggers. We then applied the taggers to the same test corpus and compared their respective...
cs/9811018
P-model Alternative to the T-model
cs.CL q-bio.NC
Standard linguistic analysis of syntax uses the T-model. This model requires the ordering: D-structure $>$ S-structure $>$ LF. Between each of these representations there is movement which alters the order of the constituent words; movement is achieved using the principles and parameters of syntactic theory. Psycholo...
cs/9811019
Locked and Unlocked Polygonal Chains in 3D
cs.CG cs.DS cs.RO
In this paper, we study movements of simple polygonal chains in 3D. We say that an open, simple polygonal chain can be straightened if it can be continuously reconfigured to a straight sequence of segments in such a manner that both the length of each link and the simplicity of the chain are maintained throughout the...
cs/9811022
Expoiting Syntactic Structure for Language Modeling
cs.CL
The paper presents a language model that develops syntactic structure and uses it to extract meaningful information from the word history, thus enabling the use of long distance dependencies. The model assigns probability to every joint sequence of words--binary-parse-structure with headword annotation and operates i...
cs/9811024
The Essence of Constraint Propagation
cs.AI
We show that several constraint propagation algorithms (also called (local) consistency, consistency enforcing, Waltz, filtering or narrowing algorithms) are instances of algorithms that deal with chaotic iteration. To this end we propose a simple abstract framework that allows us to classify and compare these algori...
cs/9811025
A Structured Language Model
cs.CL
The paper presents a language model that develops syntactic structure and uses it to extract meaningful information from the word history, thus enabling the use of long distance dependencies. The model assigns probability to every joint sequence of words - binary-parse-structure with headword annotation. The model, i...
cs/9811029
A Human - machine interface for teleoperation of arm manipulators in a complex environment
cs.RO cs.AI
This paper discusses the feasibility of using configuration space (C-space) as a means of visualization and control in operator-guided real-time motion of a robot arm manipulator. The motivation is to improve performance of the human operator in tasks involving the manipulator motion in an environment with obstacles....
cs/9811030
Generating Segment Durations in a Text-To-Speech System: A Hybrid Rule-Based/Neural Network Approach
cs.NE cs.HC
A combination of a neural network with rule firing information from a rule-based system is used to generate segment durations for a text-to-speech system. The system shows a slight improvement in performance over a neural network system without the rule firing information. Synthesized speech using segment durations w...
cs/9811031
Speech Synthesis with Neural Networks
cs.NE cs.HC
Text-to-speech conversion has traditionally been performed either by concatenating short samples of speech or by using rule-based systems to convert a phonetic representation of speech into an acoustic representation, which is then converted into speech. This paper describes a system that uses a time-delay neural net...
cs/9811032
Text-To-Speech Conversion with Neural Networks: A Recurrent TDNN Approach
cs.NE cs.HC
This paper describes the design of a neural network that performs the phonetic-to-acoustic mapping in a speech synthesis system. The use of a time-domain neural network architecture limits discontinuities that occur at phone boundaries. Recurrent data input also helps smooth the output parameter tracks. Independent t...
cs/9812001
A Probabilistic Approach to Lexical Semantic Knowledge Acquisition and S tructural Disambiguation
cs.CL
In this thesis, I address the problem of automatically acquiring lexical semantic knowledge, especially that of case frame patterns, from large corpus data and using the acquired knowledge in structural disambiguation. The approach I adopt has the following characteristics: (1) dividing the problem into three subprob...
cs/9812002
Training Reinforcement Neurocontrollers Using the Polytope Algorithm
cs.NE
A new training algorithm is presented for delayed reinforcement learning problems that does not assume the existence of a critic model and employs the polytope optimization algorithm to adjust the weights of the action network so that a simple direct measure of the training performance is maximized. Experimental resu...
cs/9812003
Neural Network Methods for Boundary Value Problems Defined in Arbitrarily Shaped Domains
cs.NE cond-mat.dis-nn cs.NA math-ph math.MP math.NA physics.comp-ph
Partial differential equations (PDEs) with Dirichlet boundary conditions defined on boundaries with simple geometry have been succesfuly treated using sigmoidal multilayer perceptrons in previous works. This article deals with the case of complex boundary geometry, where the boundary is determined by a number of poin...
cs/9812004
Name Strategy: Its Existence and Implications
cs.CL cs.AI math.HO
It is argued that colour name strategy, object name strategy, and chunking strategy in memory are all aspects of the same general phenomena, called stereotyping. It is pointed out that the Berlin-Kay universal partial ordering of colours and the frequency of traffic accidents classified by colour are surprisingly sim...
cs/9812005
Optimal Multi-Paragraph Text Segmentation by Dynamic Programming
cs.CL
There exist several methods of calculating a similarity curve, or a sequence of similarity values, representing the lexical cohesion of successive text constituents, e.g., paragraphs. Methods for deciding the locations of fragment boundaries are, however, scarce. We propose a fragmentation method based on dynamic pro...
cs/9812006
A High Quality Text-To-Speech System Composed of Multiple Neural Networks
cs.NE cs.HC
While neural networks have been employed to handle several different text-to-speech tasks, ours is the first system to use neural networks throughout, for both linguistic and acoustic processing. We divide the text-to-speech task into three subtasks, a linguistic module mapping from text to a linguistic representatio...
cs/9812010
Towards a computational theory of human daydreaming
cs.AI
This paper examines the phenomenon of daydreaming: spontaneously recalling or imagining personal or vicarious experiences in the past or future. The following important roles of daydreaming in human cognition are postulated: plan preparation and rehearsal, learning from failures and successes, support for processes o...
cs/9812013
The Self-Organizing Symbiotic Agent
cs.NE cs.CC
In [N. A. Baas, Emergence, Hierarchies, and Hyper-structures, in C.G. Langton ed., Artificial Life III, Addison Wesley, 1994.] a general framework for the study of Emergence and hyper-structure was presented. This approach is mostly concerned with the description of such systems. In this paper we will try to bring fo...
cs/9812014
An Adaptive Agent Oriented Software Architecture
cs.DC cs.MA
A new approach to software design based on an agent-oriented architecture is presented. Unlike current research, we consider software to be designed and implemented with this methodology in mind. In this approach agents are considered adaptively communicating concurrent modules which are divided into a white box modu...
cs/9812017
A reusable iterative optimization software library to solve combinatorial problems with approximate reasoning
cs.AI
Real world combinatorial optimization problems such as scheduling are typically too complex to solve with exact methods. Additionally, the problems often have to observe vaguely specified constraints of different importance, the available data may be uncertain, and compromises between antagonistic criteria may be nec...
cs/9812018
A Flexible Shallow Approach to Text Generation
cs.CL
In order to support the efficient development of NL generation systems, two orthogonal methods are currently pursued with emphasis: (1) reusable, general, and linguistically motivated surface realization components, and (2) simple, task-oriented template-based techniques. In this paper we argue that, from an applicat...
cs/9812021
Forgetting Exceptions is Harmful in Language Learning
cs.CL cs.LG
We show that in language learning, contrary to received wisdom, keeping exceptional training instances in memory can be beneficial for generalization accuracy. We investigate this phenomenon empirically on a selection of benchmark natural language processing tasks: grapheme-to-phoneme conversion, part-of-speech taggi...
cs/9812022
Hypertree Decompositions and Tractable Queries
cs.DB cs.AI
Several important decision problems on conjunctive queries (CQs) are NP-complete in general but become tractable, and actually highly parallelizable, if restricted to acyclic or nearly acyclic queries. Examples are the evaluation of Boolean CQs and query containment. These problems were shown tractable for conjunctiv...
cs/9901001
TDLeaf(lambda): Combining Temporal Difference Learning with Game-Tree Search
cs.LG cs.AI
In this paper we present TDLeaf(lambda), a variation on the TD(lambda) algorithm that enables it to be used in conjunction with minimax search. We present some experiments in both chess and backgammon which demonstrate its utility and provide comparisons with TD(lambda) and another less radical variant, TD-directed(l...
cs/9901002
KnightCap: A chess program that learns by combining TD(lambda) with game-tree search
cs.LG cs.AI
In this paper we present TDLeaf(lambda), a variation on the TD(lambda) algorithm that enables it to be used in conjunction with game-tree search. We present some experiments in which our chess program ``KnightCap'' used TDLeaf(lambda) to learn its evaluation function while playing on the Free Internet Chess Server (F...
cs/9901003
Fixpoint 3-valued semantics for autoepistemic logic
cs.LO cs.AI
The paper presents a constructive fixpoint semantics for autoepistemic logic (AEL). This fixpoint characterizes a unique but possibly three-valued belief set of an autoepistemic theory. It may be three-valued in the sense that for a subclass of formulas F, the fixpoint may not specify whether F is believed or not. Th...
cs/9901004
On the geometry of similarity search: dimensionality curse and concentration of measure
cs.IR cs.CG cs.DB cs.DS
We suggest that the curse of dimensionality affecting the similarity-based search in large datasets is a manifestation of the phenomenon of concentration of measure on high-dimensional structures. We prove that, under certain geometric assumptions on the query domain $\Omega$ and the dataset $X$, if $\Omega$ satisfie...
cs/9901005
An Empirical Approach to Temporal Reference Resolution (journal version)
cs.CL
Scheduling dialogs, during which people negotiate the times of appointments, are common in everyday life. This paper reports the results of an in-depth empirical investigation of resolving explicit temporal references in scheduling dialogs. There are four phases of this work: data annotation and evaluation, model dev...
cs/9901008
Fast Computational Algorithms for the Discrete Wavelet Transform and Applications of Localized Orthonormal Bases in Signal Classification
cs.MS cs.CE
We construct an algorithm for implementing the discrete wavelet transform by means of matrices in SO_2(R) for orthonormal compactly supported wavelets and matrices in SL_m(R), m > = 2, for compactly supported biorthogonal wavelets. We show that in 1 dimension the total operation count using this algorithm can be redu...
cs/9901012
Extremal problems in logic programming and stable model computation
cs.LO cs.AI
We study the following problem: given a class of logic programs C, determine the maximum number of stable models of a program from C. We establish the maximum for the class of all logic programs with at most n clauses, and for the class of all logic programs of size at most n. We also characterize the programs for wh...
cs/9901014
Minimum Description Length Induction, Bayesianism, and Kolmogorov Complexity
cs.LG cs.AI cs.CC cs.IT cs.LO math.IT math.PR physics.data-an
The relationship between the Bayesian approach and the minimum description length approach is established. We sharpen and clarify the general modeling principles MDL and MML, abstracted as the ideal MDL principle and defined from Bayes's rule by means of Kolmogorov complexity. The basic condition under which the idea...
cs/9901016
Representation Theory for Default Logic
cs.LO cs.AI
Default logic can be regarded as a mechanism to represent families of belief sets of a reasoning agent. As such, it is inherently second-order. In this paper, we study the problem of representability of a family of theories as the set of extensions of a default theory. We give a complete solution to the representabil...
cs/9902001
Compacting the Penn Treebank Grammar
cs.CL
Treebanks, such as the Penn Treebank (PTB), offer a simple approach to obtaining a broad coverage grammar: one can simply read the grammar off the parse trees in the treebank. While such a grammar is easy to obtain, a square-root rate of growth of the rule set with corpus size suggests that the derived grammar is far...
cs/9902002
Automatic Identification of Subjects for Textual Documents in Digital Libraries
cs.DL cs.CL
The amount of electronic documents in the Internet grows very quickly. How to effectively identify subjects for documents becomes an important issue. In past, the researches focus on the behavior of nouns in documents. Although subjects are composed of nouns, the constituents that determine which nouns are subjects a...
cs/9902005
Mutual Search
cs.DS cs.CC cs.DB cs.DC cs.DM cs.IR
We introduce a search problem called ``mutual search'' where $k$ \agents, arbitrarily distributed over $n$ sites, are required to locate one another by posing queries of the form ``Anybody at site $i$?''. We ask for the least number of queries that is necessary and sufficient. For the case of two \agents using determ...
cs/9902006
A Discipline of Evolutionary Programming
cs.NE cs.AI cs.CC cs.DS cs.LG cs.MA
Genetic fitness optimization using small populations or small population updates across generations generally suffers from randomly diverging evolutions. We propose a notion of highly probable fitness optimization through feasible evolutionary computing runs on small size populations. Based on rapidly mixing Markov c...
cs/9902015
Resource Discovery in Trilogy
cs.DL cs.AI cs.MA
Trilogy is a collaborative project whose key aim is the development of an integrated virtual laboratory to support research training within each institution and collaborative projects between the partners. In this paper, the architecture and underpinning platform of the system is described with particular emphasis be...
cs/9902017
Not Available
cs.DL cs.DB
withdrawn by author
cs/9902018
ZBroker: A Query Routing Broker for Z39.50 Databases
cs.DL cs.DB
A query routing broker is a software agent that determines from a large set of accessing information sources the ones most relevant to a user's information need. As the number of information sources on the Internet increases dramatically, future users will have to rely on query routing brokers to decide a small numbe...
cs/9902021
Visualization of Retrieved Documents using a Presentation Server
cs.DL cs.IR
In any search-based digital library (DL) systems dealing with a non-trivial number of documents, users are often required to go through a long list of short document descriptions in order to identify what they are looking for. To tackle the problem, a variety of document organization algorithms and/or visualization t...
cs/9902024
Algorithms of Two-Level Parallelization for DSMC of Unsteady Flows in Molecular Gasdynamics
cs.CE cs.PF
The general scheme of two-level parallelization (TLP) for direct simulation Monte Carlo of unsteady gas flows on shared memory multiprocessor computers has been described. The high efficient algorithm of parallel independent runs is used on the first level. The data parallelization is employed for the second one. Two...
cs/9902025
An Efficient Mean Field Approach to the Set Covering Problem
cs.NE
A mean field feedback artificial neural network algorithm is developed and explored for the set covering problem. A convenient encoding of the inequality constraints is achieved by means of a multilinear penalty function. An approximate energy minimum is obtained by iterating a set of mean field equations, in combina...
cs/9902026
Probabilistic Inductive Inference:a Survey
cs.LG cs.CC cs.LO math.LO
Inductive inference is a recursion-theoretic theory of learning, first developed by E. M. Gold (1967). This paper surveys developments in probabilistic inductive inference. We mainly focus on finite inference of recursive functions, since this simple paradigm has produced the most interesting (and most complex) resul...
cs/9902027
Autocatalytic Theory of Meaning
cs.CL adap-org nlin.AO
Recently it has been argued that autocatalytic theory could be applied to the origin of culture. Here possible application to a theory of meaning in the philosophy of language, called radical interpretation, is commented upon and compared to previous applications.
cs/9902028
A Scrollbar-based Visualization for Document Navigation
cs.IR cs.HC
We are interested in questions of improving user control in best-match text-retrieval systems, specifically questions as to whether simple visualizations that nonetheless go beyond the minimal ones generally available can significantly help users. Recently, we have been investigating ways to help users decide-given a...
cs/9902029
The "Fodor"-FODOR fallacy bites back
cs.CL
The paper argues that Fodor and Lepore are misguided in their attack on Pustejovsky's Generative Lexicon, largely because their argument rests on a traditional, but implausible and discredited, view of the lexicon on which it is effectively empty of content, a view that stands in the long line of explaining word mean...
cs/9902030
Is Word Sense Disambiguation just one more NLP task?
cs.CL
This paper compares the tasks of part-of-speech (POS) tagging and word-sense-tagging or disambiguation (WSD), and argues that the tasks are not related by fineness of grain or anything like that, but are quite different kinds of task, particularly becuase there is nothing in POS corresponding to sense novelty. The pa...
cs/9903002
An Algebraic Programming Style for Numerical Software and its Optimization
cs.SE cs.AI cs.CE cs.MS
The abstract mathematical theory of partial differential equations (PDEs) is formulated in terms of manifolds, scalar fields, tensors, and the like, but these algebraic structures are hardly recognizable in actual PDE solvers. The general aim of the Sophus programming style is to bridge the gap between theory and pra...
cs/9903003
A Formal Framework for Linguistic Annotation
cs.CL
`Linguistic annotation' covers any descriptive or analytic notations applied to raw language data. The basic data may be in the form of time functions -- audio, video and/or physiological recordings -- or it may be textual. The added notations may include transcriptions of all sorts (from phonetic features to discour...
cs/9903007
Some Remarks on the Geometry of Grammar
cs.CL cs.LO
This paper, following (Dymetman:1998), presents an approach to grammar description and processing based on the geometry of cancellation diagrams, a concept which plays a central role in combinatorial group theory (Lyndon-Schuppe:1977). The focus here is on the geometric intuitions and on relating group-theoretical di...
cs/9903008
Empirically Evaluating an Adaptable Spoken Dialogue System
cs.CL
Recent technological advances have made it possible to build real-time, interactive spoken dialogue systems for a wide variety of applications. However, when users do not respect the limitations of such systems, performance typically degrades. Although users differ with respect to their knowledge of system limitation...
cs/9903011
A complete anytime algorithm for balanced number partitioning
cs.DS cond-mat.dis-nn cs.AI
Given a set of numbers, the balanced partioning problem is to divide them into two subsets, so that the sum of the numbers in each subset are as nearly equal as possible, subject to the constraint that the cardinalities of the subsets be within one of each other. We combine the balanced largest differencing method (B...
cs/9903016
Modeling Belief in Dynamic Systems, Part II: Revision and Update
cs.AI
The study of belief change has been an active area in philosophy and AI. In recent years two special cases of belief change, belief revision and belief update, have been studied in detail. In a companion paper (Friedman & Halpern, 1997), we introduce a new framework to model belief change. This framework combines tem...
cs/9903017
SIMMUNE, a tool for simulating and analyzing immune system behavior
cs.MA q-bio
We present a new approach to the simulation and analysis of immune system behavior. The simulations that can be done with our software package called SIMMUNE are based on immunological data that describe the behavior of immune system agents (cells, molecules) on a microscopial (i.e. agent-agent interaction) scale by ...
cs/9904001
A Proposal for the Establishment of Review Boards - a flexible approach to the selection of academic knowledge
cs.CY cs.DL cs.IR
Paper journals use a small number of trusted academics to select information on behalf of all their readers. This inflexibility in the selection was justified due to the expense of publishing. The advent of cheap distribution via the internet allows a new trade-off between time and expense and the flexibility of the ...
cs/9904002
A geometric framework for modelling similarity search
cs.IR cs.DB cs.DS
The aim of this paper is to propose a geometric framework for modelling similarity search in large and multidimensional data spaces of general nature, which seems to be flexible enough to address such issues as analysis of complexity, indexability, and the `curse of dimensionality.' Such a framework is provided by th...
cs/9904003
The Structure of Weighting Coefficient Matrices of Harmonic Differential Quadrature and Its Applications
cs.CE cs.NA math.NA
The structure of weighting coefficient matrices of Harmonic Differential Quadrature (HDQ) is found to be either centrosymmetric or skew centrosymmetric depending on the order of the corresponding derivatives. The properties of both matrices are briefly discussed in this paper. It is noted that the computational effor...
cs/9904004
Mixing Metaphors
cs.CL cs.AI
Mixed metaphors have been neglected in recent metaphor research. This paper suggests that such neglect is short-sighted. Though mixing is a more complex phenomenon than straight metaphors, the same kinds of reasoning and knowledge structures are required. This paper provides an analysis of both parallel and serial mi...
cs/9904006
Jacobian matrix: a bridge between linear and nonlinear polynomial-only problems
cs.CE cs.NA math.NA
By using the Hadamard matrix product concept, this paper introduces two generalized matrix formulation forms of numerical analogue of nonlinear differential operators. The SJT matrix-vector product approach is found to be a simple, efficient and accurate technique in the calculation of the Jacobian matrix of the nonl...
cs/9904007
The Study on the Nonlinear Computations of the DQ and DC Methods
cs.CE cs.NA math.NA
This paper points out that the differential quadrature (DQ) and differential cubature (DC) methods due to their global domain property are more efficient for nonlinear problems than the traditional numerical techniques such as finite element and finite difference methods. By introducing the Hadamard product of matric...
cs/9904008
Transducers from Rewrite Rules with Backreferences
cs.CL
Context sensitive rewrite rules have been widely used in several areas of natural language processing, including syntax, morphology, phonology and speech processing. Kaplan and Kay, Karttunen, and Mohri & Sproat have given various algorithms to compile such rewrite rules into finite-state transducers. The present pap...
cs/9904009
An ascription-based approach to speech acts
cs.CL
The two principal areas of natural language processing research in pragmatics are belief modelling and speech act processing. Belief modelling is the development of techniques to represent the mental attitudes of a dialogue participant. The latter approach, speech act processing, based on speech act theory, involves ...
cs/9904018
A Computational Memory and Processing Model for Processing for Prosody
cs.CL
This paper links prosody to the information in a text and how it is processed by the speaker. It describes the operation and output of LOQ, a text-to-speech implementation that includes a model of limited attention and working memory. Attentional limitations are key. Varying the attentional parameter in the simulatio...
cs/9904021
Hadamard product nonlinear formulation of Galerkin and finite element methods
cs.CE cs.NA math.NA
A novel nonlinear formulation of the finite element and Galerkin methods is presented here, which leads to the Hadamard product expression of the resultant nonlinear algebraic analogue. The presented formulation attains the advantages of weak formulation in the standard finite element and Galerkin schemes and avoids ...